What worries Philippine watchers and analysts is the potential deputization of people with little or no training, towards Duterte's ends.
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His work focuses on privacy, intermediary deputization, telecommunications, the Federal Trade Commission, the Federal Communications Commission, consumer protection, competition, free speech and civil liberties.
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In 2007, Arpaio received such a deputization, and his office within two years had arrested 33,000 undocumented immigrants, many of them in highly publicized "crime suppression" sweeps.
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Despite these obstacles, tribes are creating solutions within their jurisdictional purview as there is no comprehensive response by the U.S. One example is the cross-deputization of law enforcement officers and coordinating evidence collection.
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In the course of Trump's short presidency, these same Republicans have already looked past his self-enrichment; his potentate-like deputization of his children as U.S. emissaries; his firing of FBI Director James Comey, along with other extraordinary efforts to quash or interfere with the federal investigation of his campaign's involvement in Russian efforts to subvert the election on his behalf; evidence that his son, son-in-law, and campaign manager were eager to collude with the Russian government to sabotage Hillary Clinton's campaign; and an impulsive threat to preemptively nuke North Korea.
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The incident became known as the Frisco shootout. Purportedly, Baca's defense attorney had false documentation to prove Baca's legal deputization because Baca's biography suggests he deputized himself just before the arrest of Charlie McCarty.
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Rosa (1969) p.7-8 At times they were hired by cattlemen or other prominent figures to serve as henchmen or enforcers during cattle wars. Although sanctioned by law enforcement officials, the gunmen were not always actually deputized. Sometimes, however, just to make things "official", they would go through the formality of deputization.
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By that time, rune-specialists believe that in Västergötland, though not yet further north in the Swedish Kingdom, the older custom of erecting wayside runic memorials to the dead had largely been abandoned in favour of churchyard burials.Lager 2003, p. 501. This episode about the three village churchyards sounds like a piece of short-term deputization for an absent bishop. Following this incident, so tradition says, Sigfrid went on his way to Värend.
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Jones County is a member of the regional Eastern Carolina Council of Governments. The Jones County Government relies entirely upon an all volunteer (non-paid) fire department force segregated by geographic location(s). The Law Enforcement structure consists of one paid Pollocksville Police Chief, one paid Maysville Police Chief, and an elected Sheriff with a small (less than 25 person force) to handle law enforcement, detention, and emergency communications. The county government relies heavily on volunteer deputization.
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Paul Hammel, "S.D. tribe to help enforce beer laws in Whiteclay", Omaha World-Herald, June 2, 2005, accessed February 17, 2012. By May 2007, it appeared as if the OST would lose the $200,000 federal grant to support the extra policing, as it had taken no action to hire police or organize for the program. Tribal officials declined to comment on the matter; at the time, Vasina stated that there was internal tribal conflict over the proposed deputization program, for a variety of reasons.
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Two women were sentenced in the case. At the same time, it appeared that by the fall of 2007, the OST would lose $200,000 in federal grants that would have enabled it to hire more police and have them deputized by Nebraska to help police Whiteclay and protect their people. Tribal officials did not talk to reporters when questioned about the lack of action. Mark Vasina of Nebraskans for Peace, who had collaborated with the tribe in protests, said that there was internal tribal conflict over the proposed deputization program.
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Frank Eaton wrote two books that exemplify the life of a veteran of the Old West. His first, was an autobiography titled Veteran of the Old West: Pistol Pete, which tells a tale of his life as a Deputy United States Marshal and cowboy. Much of the story of his deputization appears to be fictional, however, as there are no corroborating sources for his claims and there is no record of the Deputy US Marshal and US Judge mentioned.Personal communication and research by Dave Kennedy, Curator, US Marshals Museum Fort Smith, Arkansas, 9 March 2017.
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In June 2012, Murkowski sent a letter to United States Postmaster General Patrick R. Donahoe regarding information she had heard about the U.S. Postal Service becoming "a main conduit for drug trafficking in Juneau, Petersburg, and other Southeast Alaska communities" and asserted that actions needed to be taken to prevent the USPS from being a drug trafficking avenue, urging Donahoe to consider "whether cross-deputization agreements could be entered with local law enforcement that might allow them to conduct inspections, if they have the resources to do so." In March 2019, Murkowski was a cosponsor of a bipartisan resolution led by Gary Peters and Jerry Moran that opposed privatization of the United States Postal Service (USPS), citing the USPS as an establishment that was self-sustained and noting concerns that a potential privatization could cause higher prices and reduced services for customers of USPS with a particular occurrence in rural communities.
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The vigilantes were untrained in police tactics but were nonetheless armed with 20 inch pick axe handles, and in some cases tear gas, and turned loose on strikers." By 1936, led by Colonel Walter E Garrison, “...the emphasis was on breaking all strikes through the mass deputization of farmers." In 1939 Carey McWilliams characterized the Associated Farmers of California as Farm Fascists. The Associated Farmers used California's anti- syndicalism laws to prevent strikes and destroy the CAWIU. Local anti- picketing ordinances sprang up throughout California, and “the Associated Farmers helped secure the passage of such ordinances.” These ordinances had sweeping prohibitions on speech (and were later deemed unconstitutional) including “prohibit[ing] the use of language...that tended to provoke a breach of the peace...” and making it “unlawful for any person to utter...or to make any loud noise or to speak in a loud or unusual tone...” to prevent people from patronizing a business under labor negotiations.
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The Sioux tribal law enforcement in Pine Ridge, South Dakota has no jurisdiction in Whiteclay, and the number of tribal police has been reduced by nearly two thirds over the past several years. In the fall of 1999, Native American activists Russell Means and Frank LaMere proposed getting a license to sell beer in Whiteclay, in order to retain some monies to benefit the tribe and build a treatment center on the reservation, but abandoned the project due to disagreement by others of their group.David Hendee and Paul Hammel, "Whiteclay Beer Proposal Divides Indian Leaders", Omaha World-Herald, 6 October 1999, accessed 6 March 2012 In 2005, the state of Nebraska and President Cecilia Fire Thunder of the Pine Ridge reservation signed an agreement to allow Oglala tribal officers to enforce Nebraska laws in Whiteclay by deputizing them as Nebraska agents."Bruning, Gov. Heineman Sign Deputization Agreement with Oglala Sioux", Press release, Nebraska governor's office, 2005-08-30.
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