Much of Bangladesh's land is a low-lying delta plain, meaning many parts of the country regularly go under water.
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This channelization of the delta plain, which mimics natural deltas in their youth, emerged as one of the methods for delta reconstruction.
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The reservoir consists of delta sandstones from the Middle Jurassic Brent Group, shallow- marine Lower Jurassic Cook Formation sandstones, and the fluvial-channel and delta-plain Lower Jurassic Statfjord Formation.
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The mountain area accounts for 76% of the total area of Wuqia County, 14,535 square kilometers. The county is surrounded by mountains on three sides, and the southeast is the Kashgar Delta plain.
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Gravesen, P., Rolle, F. and Surlyk, F., 1982. Lithostratigraphy and sedimentary evolution of the Triassic, Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous of Bornholm, Denmark. Dan. Geol. Unders. Set. B, 7, 51 pp. There was a lower delta plain, with lagoons and intertidal swamps.
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There is a progressive transition in the depositional environment from subaqueous fans, through fan deltas and shoreface to delta plain. The uppermost Tarbert formation may represent reworked delta plain deposits at the onset of the marine transgression shown by the overlying claystones of the Viking group. The Brent Group reservoirs, which lie at depths between 2300 and 2700 m, generally have excellent properties with porosities around 20–30% and permeabilities ranging up to several darcys. The Statfjord formation, which is of Ryazanian to Sinemurian age is separated from the Brent Group by the Dunlin Group, which is a non-reservoir sequence.
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Dendritic happens to be the most common, occurring when the underlying stratum is stable (without faulting). Drainage systems have four primary components: drainage basin, alluvial valley, delta plain, and receiving basin. Some geomorphic examples of fluvial landforms are alluvial fans, oxbow lakes, and fluvial terraces.
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Bangladesh is a riverine country located in South Asia with a coastline of 580 km (360 mi) on the northern littoral of the Bay of Bengal. The delta plain of the Ganges (Padma), Brahmaputra (Jamuna), and Meghna Rivers and their tributaries occupy 79 percent of the country.
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The upper part of the delta plain is heavily populated. The population density exceeds 36 people per square kilometre, although moving toward the coast the population density falls. The climate in the area is primarily sub-tropical. Rainfall comes predominantly from the summer monsoon (June through September).
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The Ferris Formation is up to 2,000 m thick in the Hanna Basin and represents rapid accumulation of predominantly fine-grained sediment on a broad delta. The delta previously fed the deepwater Lewis Shale and shallow marine Fox Hills Formation. The Ferris followed behind as a system of lagoons, bays, and delta plain environments.
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Map depicting Leon County and the Coharie terrace and shorelines of 6 islands. The Hazelhurst terrace and shoreline (formerly the Brandywine) was assigned by C. W. CookeCooke, C. W., Seven coastal terraces in the Southeastern states, Washington Academy of Science Journal, v. 21, number 21, p. 503-515 and includes Vernon's Coastwise delta plain and MacNeil's high Pliocene terrace.
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Schubert et al., 2012, p.525 The fossils and sedimentology indicate a lush, rain forest community on a coastal delta plain. Multiple palaeoclimate proxies, ranging from oxygen isotope analysis of vertebrate bones and teeth to palaeofloral analyses, estimate a mild temperate climate for the Eocene High Arctic, where winters remained at or just above freezing and summer temperatures extended to or higher.
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Originally known as the Kap Stewart Formation, it was later raised to Group status. It comprises three formations, the organic-rich lacustrine mudstones with interbedded sheet sandstones of the Rhætelv Formation (developed in the basin centre) the alluvial plain sandstone and conglomerate of the Innakajik Formation overlain by delta plain sandstones to mudstones of the Primulaelv Formation (both restricted to the basin margin).
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The Palm Spring Formation is an extensively- exposed delta-plain deposit debouched by the ancestral Colorado River across the subsiding Salton Trough.National Park Service: "The FISH CREEK CANYON ICHNOFAUNA: a PLIOCENE (BLANCAN) Vertebrate Footprint Assemblage from Anza- Borrego Desert State Park, California"; by Paul Remeika. It records the development of the prehistoric Colorado River delta cone into a barrier excluding marine waters from the Salton Trough. San Diego State University.
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Other types of fossil eggs from the formation include Reticuoolithus, Porituberoolithus, Prismatoolithus, Spheroolithus, and Krokolithes. Other Continuoolithus specimens, not classified into an oospecies, are known from the late Campanian of the Fruitland Formation (representing a well-drained river delta plain) in New Mexico, along with Porituberoolithus, Prismatoolithus, indeterminate theropod eggshells, Testudoolithus, and krokolithids. Also, fragments of C. cf. canadensis are known from the late Maastrichtian Willow Creek Formation in Alberta.
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The Kızılırmak Delta () is the delta of the Kızılırmak River. It is the biggest wetland in the Black Sea Region and is one of several internationally important Ramsar sites in Turkey. All of the first and second delta plains and most of the third delta plain is dominated by agriculture. It is important for biodiversity of plants and birds.. In 2016 it was inscribed in the Tentative list of World Heritage Sites in Turkey.
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The sedimentary strata comprising the Shinumo Quartzite are inferred to have accumulated in a variety of environments. The lower member is regarded to have been deposited by ancient river systems and later, in coastal tidal flats. The lower-middle, and upper-middle members are argued to have accumulated in nearshore marine environments and coastal tidal and supratidal flats. The upper member is inferred to have accumulated in the delta plain, delta front, and mouth-bar of an ancient delta.
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The Orinoco Delta swamp forests in the lower delta plain of the Orinoco River are one of Earth's largest intact areas of wetlands. They cover an area of . The forests extend from the base of the Paria Peninsula in the northeast of Venezuela south across the Orinoco Delta floodplain to the Waini River of Guyana. The ecoregion is bounded on the Gulf of Paria and the Atlantic Ocean by stretches of Amazon-Orinoco-Southern Caribbean mangroves.
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Industrial and agricultural modification to the delta plain has resulted in significant wetland loss. Between 1984 and 2001, the delta lost 277 km² of wetlands, or an average of approximately 16 km² per year, from natural and human-induced causes. The Volga discharges large amounts of industrial waste and sediment into the relatively shallow northern part of the Caspian Sea. The added fertilizers nourish the algal blooms that grow on the surface of the sea, allowing them to grow larger.
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The Boulder Creek Formation records the transition from marine conditions, represented by the shales of the underlying Hulcross Formation, to continental environments, with a return to marine conditions marked by the shales of the overlying Hasler Formation. Near shore and shoreface deposits consist of massive, fine grained, well sorted sandstones, and massive, silica-cemented conglomerates of quartz and chert pebbles in a matrix of coarse sand. Delta plain and floodplain deposits consist of interbedded argillaceous sandstones, carbonaceous shales and thin coal beds.Stott, D.F. 1963.
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Related to this level, there is a clear absence of Marine palynomorphs are not found, as a main probe that this level was deposited on a coastal or Delta plain with fluvial channels, Lakes and Swamps. This is also related to the most recent finds on the German realm of the Ciechocinek Formation, where a large Deltaic System ended. The large Toarcian–Bajocian deltaic systems locally where the shoreline influenced by the vicinity between brackish to freshwater and continental biofacies.Zimmermann, J., Franz, M., Schaller, A., & Wolfgramm, M. (2017).
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According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (16%) is covered by water. The county includes Lake Whatcom, which empties into Bellingham Bay by way of Whatcom Creek. Physiographically, Whatcom County is an extension of the Fraser Valley or "Lower Mainland" area of British Columbia, essentially the lowland delta plain of the Fraser River. At some periods in the past, one of the Fraser River's lower arms entered Bellingham Bay near Bellingham via what is now the mouth of the Nooksack River.
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Map of Bangladesh Bangladesh is a densely-populated, low-lying, mainly riverine country located in South Asia with a coastline of on the northern littoral of the Bay of Bengal. The delta plain of the Ganges (Padma), Brahmaputra (Jamuna), and Meghna Rivers and their tributaries occupy 79 percent of the country. Four uplifted blocks (including the Madhupur and Barind Tracts in the centre and northwest) occupy 9 percent, and steep hill ranges up to approximately high occupy 12 percent in the southeast (the Chittagong Hill Tracts) and in the northeast. Straddling the Tropic of Cancer, Bangladesh has a tropical monsoon climate characterised by heavy seasonal rainfall, high temperatures, and high humidity.
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The district has a population of nearly 50,000, half of which resides in the center and half in rural areas. A third of the district's land is within the Yeşilırmak delta plain which is convenient for irrigated farming. The daily population is between 100–150k due to the industry sites and many big showrooms on the Samsun – Ordu highway. The constructions of the Yaşar Doğu Arena and the new city stadium, the international expo and congress center being located within the district and projects such as the Logistics Village, Science and Technology Center, Arts & Culture Center, and Olympic Swimming Pool has served to modernize the district.
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During each monsoon season almost all the Bengal Delta is submerged, much of it for half a year. The sediment of the lower delta plain is primarily advected inland by monsoonal coastal setup and cyclonic events. One of the greatest challenges people living on the Ganges Delta may face in coming years is the threat of rising sea levels caused mostly by subsidence in the region and partly by climate change. In many of the Bangladesh's mangrove wetlands, freshwater reaching the mangroves was considerably reduced from the 1970s because of diversion of freshwater in the upstream area by neighbouring India through the use of the Farakka Barrage bordering Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
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Geography of Bangladesh Ganges River Delta The Geology of Bangladesh is affected by the country's location, as Bangladesh is mainly a riverine country. It is the eastern two-thirds of the Ganges and Brahmaputra river delta plain stretching to the north from the Bay of Bengal. There are two small areas of slightly higher land in the north-centre and north-west composed of old alluvium called the Madhupur Tract and the Barind Tract, and steep, folded, hill ranges of older (Tertiary) rocks along the eastern border. The downwarping of the basement rocks under central and southern Bangladesh result from the pressure of sediments that have been accumulating since the Cretaceous period, mostly a large quantity of carbonate.
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From this point it continues, with many loops and bends and variations in the width of its valley, until it passes into its delta plain, above its mouth. Its largest tributary, Clear Creek, flows in from the southwest about from salt water. Other smaller branches are Vulcan, Chukajak, Admiral, Grouse, and Lost creeks. The first two of these are the only streams belonging to the Tubutulik drainage system The lower course of the river lies in a fluvial plain consisting partly of fresh-water and partly of salt-water marshes, built up by the detrital material carried by the river itself and deposited beyond its mouth in the form of mud, sand, and gravel.
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Larger individuals (adults) are found associated with large plant fragments, including branches of Walchia and leaves of Cordaites, but smaller individuals (juveniles) are found in fossil beds containing less organic material and mostly smaller plant fragments. The large plant fragments of the adult habitat were deposited in quiet conditions, likely through leaves dropping into enclosed lagoons or standing ponds. The juveniles appear to have developed and lived in somewhat different conditions than the adults. In beds were juveniles are more common, insect fossils are more common as well, indicating a lack of adults that were capable of devouring them, and the presence of smaller plant fossils suggest a less prolific vegetation cover, the juvenile environment possibly having been lower areas on the delta plain between the ponds.
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Volcanic activity in the tertiary causing rise to andesite and dacite in the area around Bakapit in the southern area of the peninsula. The rocks in east of Lahad Datu are mixed volcanic and sedimentary: tuffaceous sandstones and conglomerate mixed with Ayer, Tabanak and Tungku formations materials of shales, mudstones and sandstones. Inner neritic to littoral deposits at the east of the peninsula consist of mudstone, clay and coral limestone with Sabahat (Middle Miocene and Early Pliocene) and Ganduman (Early Pliocene to Late Pliocene) formations materials of lignite, marl and conglomerate. The Ganduman formation displays well preserved outcrops of delta plain deposits grading to shallow marine deltaic and holomarine eastward while the Sabahat is represented by the clinoform and downlap seismic packages.
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The Granton Shrimp Bed is located on the south shore of the Firth of Forth about from the centre of Edinburgh. It consists of a layer of dolomitic limestone surrounded by Dinantian mud shales which were formed as a result of the deposit of material in either a delta plain setting or in an inter-distributary bay, where sedimentation occurred because of flood- generated incursions. The shrimp bed resulted from the periodic inundations of marine water into stagnant lagoons, each incursion leaving a lamina of limestone rich in the fossils of soft-bodied marine invertebrates and other animals. These conditions of fluctuating salinity seem to have created a suitable habitat for an assemblage of shrimp-like crustaceans, fish, bellerophonts, conchostracans and ostracods.
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In interviews,Oceanus - Climate Change Spurred Fall of Ancient Culture Giosan compared the ancient Indus collapse to the present dependence on fossil fuels and introduced the term "Goldilocks civilization" to underline their non- sustainable character. In 2014, together with other leading deltaic researchers, he examined the global health of river deltas showing that these vast coastal lowlands cannot withstand the predicted rise in sea level for the next century and calling for maintenance and reconstruction measures.Giosan, L., Syvitski, J.P.M., Constantinescu, S., Day, J., 2014, Protect the World’s Deltas, Nature, 516: 31-33. Using again Danube delta as an example, Giosan and his colleagues showed that the expansion of a shallow channel network used for fishing in the mid 20th century had beneficial effects by trapping sediments on the delta plain and counteracting sea level rise effects.
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