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190 Sentences With "dehiscent"

How to use dehiscent in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "dehiscent" and check conjugation/comparative form for "dehiscent". Mastering all the usages of "dehiscent" from sentence examples published by news publications.

Species in this family have sporangiola borne on dehiscent pedicels.
Fruit explosively dehiscent. Seeds usually two per locule; sometimes one in Actephila and Meineckia.
Petals 5, entire or retuse. Stamens 20. Capsule ovoid, irregularly dehiscent from base. Reniform seeds.
The fruit that follows flowering is a non-fleshy, dehiscent capsule containing up to 500 seeds.
They are wide and have deeply folded faces. The fruit is a hairless dehiscent legume pod.
The fruit has a dehiscent capsule which splits open when ripe to release the fine black seed.
The fruit which follows flowering is a thin-walled, dehiscent capsule containing up to 100 winged seeds.
Fruits ca. 21 mm long, yellow-orange-brown, hairy, dehiscent capsules. Seeds with nearly undivided red aril.
Pollinated ovaries ripen into 4–5 millimeter (– in.) dehiscent seed capsules containing numerous 1 millimeter long seeds.
The ovary is superior (visible inside the tepals). The fruit is yellowish-brown, dehiscent, containing small black seeds.
Fruits are seen as capsules and longitudinally dehiscent along the capsule wall. The seeds are spherical and black.
The fruit is a dehiscent silique 3 or 4 millimeters long divided into two valves, each containing a seed.
The fruit is dehiscent with seeds that have a well-developed integument that is chlorophyllous with a stomatose testa.
Solitary blue flowers occur in leaf axils, each with a corolla up to wide. The fruit is a dehiscent capsule.
In Chenopodium literature, the terms outer epiderm, testa, and seed coat are often used interchangeably. The pericarp is often dehiscent, but is non-dehiscent in some varieties. In domesticated varieties, the seed coat may be reduced or absent. Uniform seed assemblages with seed coats less than 20 µm thick are considered to represent domesticated population.
Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. and Warburg, E.F. 1968. Excursion Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press. The pod is dehiscent.
Types of dry fruits include achenes, capsules, follicles or nuts. Dry fruits can also be separated into dehiscent and indehiscent fruits. Dry dehiscent fruits are described as a fruit where the pod has an increase in internal tension to allow seeds to be released. These include the sweet pea, soybean, alfalfa, milkweed, mustard, cabbage and poppy.
The fruit is a dehiscent capsule.McKlintock, D. and R. S. R. Fitter. The Pocket Guide to Wild Flowers. (1956) Collins, London. P28.
Flowering occurs between late August and October and is followed by a non-fleshy, dehiscent capsule containing a large number of seeds.
Flowering occurs between October and early December and is followed by a non-fleshy, dehiscent capsule containing a large number of seeds.
It is up to 2 centimeters wide, coated in long hairs, and dehiscent, each segment containing 2 or 3 black kidney-shaped seeds.
Fruit is an aggregate of nuts, a berry, or an irregularly dehiscent fleshy spongy capsule. Seeds are often arillate, more or less lacking endosperm.
The flowers are inconspicuous, 5 mm in diameter, with four small greenish- yellow petals. The fruit is a smooth, dehiscent capsule with reddish arils.
Flowering usually occurs 4 to 6 weeks following summer or autumn rainfall. The fruit is a non-fleshy, dehiscent capsule containing hundreds of seeds.
The dehiscent capsule opens at maturity. The seeds are 0.5 mm long and are red to rusty brown in coloration.D'Arcy, W.G. 1987. Flora of Panama.
Fritz Hochstätter (Hrsg.): Yucca (Agavaceae). Band 1 Dehiscent-fruited species in the Southwest and Midwest of the USA, Canada and Baja California , Selbst Verlag, 2000.
Retrieved on January 2, 2007. Pollinated ovaries ripen into 2–3.7 millimeter (– in.) dehiscent seed capsules containing numerous 0.8–1 millimeter long, 2 millimeter wide seeds.
The fruit is a thick-walled capsule that is semi-dehiscent. There are numerous seeds per carpel, that are asymmetrically orbicular in outline and strongly flattened.
The plant bears an inflorescence of two to eight pinkish purple pea flowers each up to two centimeters wide. The fruit is a dehiscent legume pod.
Flowering occurs from late November to January and is followed by the fruit which is a non- fleshy, glabrous, dehiscent capsule containing a large number of seeds.
Around 12 fruits develop from the flowers. The fruits are dehiscent and septicidal, with two or three sections that open when ripe to disperse small semicircular seeds.
Legendre, L. Pollination of Pinguicula flowers. Retrieved on January 2, 2007. Pollinated ovaries ripen into 5 millimeter ( in.) dehiscent seed capsules containing numerous 1 millimeter long seeds.
There are tiny bristlelike tendrils. The inflorescence bears two greenish-white pea flowers each up to a centimeter wide. The fruit is a hairless dehiscent legume pod.
The plant produces showy inflorescences of up to 6 bright to deep red flowers each about 3 centimeters wide. The fruit is a hairless dehiscent legume pod.
The inflorescence has two or three pea flowers in varying shades of red, each up to 3 centimeters wide. The fruit is a hairless dehiscent legume pod.
If the fruit is dehiscent and the seed is exposed, in general, the seed-coat is well developed, and must discharge the functions otherwise executed by the fruit.
Dehiscent capsules, produced after flowering, hold the seed which is released when the capsule splits longitudinally along six seams. Between 30 and 500 seeds are produced per capsule.
As is characteristic of monocots, all of the flower parts appear in multiples of three. The fruit is usually a nonfleshy, three-sectioned dehiscent capsule containing many seeds.
The ovary is deeply 5-lobed, with the style deeply inserted, nearly to the base. Capsules are loculicidally dehiscent, with many seeds, on basal or sub-basal placentae.
Flowering time depends on the climatic region where the species is found and the fruit that follows flowering is a non-fleshy, dehiscent capsule containing up to 500 seeds.
Fruit are dehiscent and have a spongy mesocarp. Unlike other mangrove species, the members of Aegialitis generally do not have aerial roots.Australian Institute of Marine Science. (2003). Club Mangrove .
Flowering time depends on the climatic region where the species is found and the fruit that follows flowering is a non-fleshy, dehiscent capsule containing up to 500 seeds.
All stamens have an equal length. The style branches are apically forked. They are pollinated by insects, birds (hummingbirds) or by the wind. The dehiscent capsules are shorter than they are wide.
Camelina plants are annual or biennial herbs. Their leaves are simple, lanceolate to narrowly elliptic. The flowers are hermaphroditic actinomorphic, grouped in racemes, and yellowish colored. The seeds are formed in dehiscent siliques.
The fruit is a flat, leathery capsule in diameter with one to two lobes, sometimes as many as four. Dehiscent locules contain a single shiny, bean-like seed that is usually bright red.
Most of the plant is silky-hairy in texture. The inflorescence holds one to three pinkish-yellow flowers roughly 1 cm long. The fruit is a dehiscent legume pod up to 2.5 cm long.
There are branching, coiled tendrils. The plant bears a dense inflorescence of up to 10 pea lavender- veined white flowers each up to 1.5 centimeters wide. The fruit is a hairless dehiscent legume pod.
Yellow, slightly fragrant flowers are produced on terminal spikes of 10 to 30. Blooming takes place from February to July, often continuing to October. The fruit is a dehiscent tan or yellow seedpod in length.
Lindleya is a genus of Mexican evergreen trees of the family Rosaceae. The sole species, L. mespiloides, grows to a height of and bears solitary white fragrant flowers in summer. The fruit are dry dehiscent capsules.
The plant is not tall, but the fruiting stalk will rise up to 2 feet, bearing tiny green flowers in the spring. In the fall, the fruit stalk carries dehiscent fruit which splits, bearing small spines.
The odorless, nectar-less flowers do not rely on insect pollinators for pollination, rather setting seed well through self-pollination (autogamy). The black ovoid seed forms in a dehiscent capsule and is 1 to mm long.
The fruits are spreading and ascending from the base and its seeds may differ in shades of grey to brown. The seeds are in diameter and its seed coat is dehiscent and becomes mucilaginous when wet.
The fruit is a dehiscent legume pod covered in hairs with each hair growing from a minute bulbous base. The rest of the plant is generally hairless. Lathyrus hirsutus sown September 2014 in the UBC Botanical Garden.
Kageneckia, along with Vauquelinia and Lindleya were formerly placed in family Quillajaceae. It shares a base chromosome number of 17 with the pome-fruited members of tribe Maleae within the Rosaceae, but its fruit are dry and dehiscent.
The length of the shell attains 28 mm, the diameter 11.5 mm. (Original description) The fusiform shell is white, with an olive-gray more or less dehiscent dull periostracum. The nucleus is eroded. There are about seven subsequent whorls.
It has tiny coiling tendrils. The inflorescence holds a solitary flower on a long bristle-tipped peduncle with the flower situated midway. The purple pea flower is about a centimeter wide. The fruit is a hairless dehiscent legume pod.
Glands on the labellum emit pheromones which are sexual attractants for male thynnid wasps. Flowering occurs in spring in most species and is followed by the fruit which is a non-fleshy, dehiscent capsule containing up to 500 seeds.
It has violet flowers that are tinted yellow on the inside, and usually appear in mid-summer and continue to bloom into fall.Caldecott, T. Western Materia Medica: Lobelia inflata (pdf file) The seedcases are small, brown, dehiscent, and papery.
They are arranged in a basal aggregation. The small, yellow flowers are dioecious, borne on a spherical or cylindrical spike or head (inflorescence). Each flower grows from the axil of a leathery bract. The fruit is a nonfleshy, dehiscent capsule.
Overall, the above-ground growth can often form a cushion-plant habit. The flowers are bright magenta, and the fruits are dehiscent. The seeds are unique, with a groove running along the hilar surface.Flora of North America, vol 4. 2004.
Flowers are fleshy with imbricate inflorescence. Perianth is campanulate. Male flowers have 2-loculed anthers, broadly ellipsoid, dehiscent by apical pores; apical cupular body base convex; gynostegium blood red. The female flowers have a concave cupular body base with sterile stamens.
Trichilia emetica flowers in August to November. The fruit is a dehiscent capsule, 18–25 mm in diameter, sharply differentiated from a 5–10 mm long neck. The seeds are black and almost completely enveloped by a bright red aril.
Neillia is a genus of the botanical family Rosaceae. They are deciduous shrubs or subshrubs. They produce clusters of terminal or axillary flowers, and have dry dehiscent fruits.Neillia Flora of North America They are found exclusively in eastern and central Asia.
There are many densely crowded, dark purplish, finger-like "calli" crowded in distinct rows in the central part of the labellum. Flowering occurs from August to September. The fruit is a non-fleshy, dehiscent capsule containing a large number of seeds.
The leaves are very small, glandular, and aromatic. Flowers are solitary or borne in simple or compound inflorescences in the leaf axils. The flower has 5 sepals and 5 white, pink, or purple petals. The fruit is a dehiscent capsule.Baeckia. FloraBase.
Often the petals of the flower are incorrectly considered sepals. The corolla has 5 white petals in a cup shape, all petals are free and concave. From the corolla there are 10 protruding stamens, maroon in color, with dehiscent anthers.
The fruit is usually a dry, dehiscent capsule, occasionally a berry. The seeds are usually flattened and/or winged, with a many-layered outer integument. Epidermal hairs that expand and become mucilaginous when wet are found in about half the genera.
Flowers are white-yellowish, scented, and 3 mm long. The fruit is a dehiscent dark violet pod, 10–17 cm long, straight shaped and heavily scented. It contains a starchy paste inside. Seeds are flat, egg-shaped of chestnut colour.
The length of the shell attains 12.2 mm, its diameter 4 mm. (Original description) The elongated shell is acute. It is pale yellowish, paler toward the extremities, with a dehiscent thin fibrous epidermis. Its axial line is somewhat convex toward the right.
The anthers are oblong in shape and around in length, dehiscing longitudinally at maturity. The ovary is conical, bearing styles that are approximately long. The stigma is discoidal and somewhat dehiscent at maturity. Insect pollinators of the plant include flies, honeybees, and ants.
The three to eight (mostly four to six) carpels develop into dry dehiscent fruits (called follicles) of about 6 cm long, that open with a suture along their lengths, and contain initially carmine colored seeds that turn glossy black when fully ripe.
The flower has a syncarpous gynoecium (fused-carpellate ovary) with 5 carpels and has parietal placentation. Ovules are numerous and small. The small fruit is spherical and dehiscent. Its appearance is red when immature and black/brown when mature, with a glabrous surface.
The fruit is a subglobose dry loculicidal dehiscent capsule, that produces between one and a few seeds per loculus that are globose to ovoid, red-green and often viviparous (begin to develop before separating). Chromosome number: 11 (2n=22), but rarely 2n=24 or triploids.
It has several stamens with dark filaments holding yellow anthers. Flowering occurs from May through June. The fruits are glabrous capsules 2 to 3 cm long, dehiscent along the holes located under the apical disc. The kidney-shaped seeds are about 1 mm wide.
It is an herbaceous annual plant with serrated leaves, and usually flowers with white all over, except the bottom petal (Although there are actually flowers with a tinge of purple at the top) and dehiscent capsules. It reproduces by seed. It grows 20 centimeters tall.
The sexual parts of the flower are fused to the column which is narrow, curved forwards and has two translucent wings. Flowering occurs from August to September and the fruit which follows is a non-fleshy, glabrous, dehiscent capsule containing a large number of seeds.
The fruits are dehiscent, splitting open along three prominent valves when mature and releasing up to 20 seeds each. Covered by a cream to brownish husk with three papery wings, the seeds are oblong to triangular, long and wide, containing a smooth, whitish grey kernel.
The sepals are whitish on the lower side (facing towards the branch) and deep mauve on the top side. Each flower has five stamens, exserted for 3–8 mm, with stalks longer than the anthers. The pistil is 8–11.5 mm long. The anthers are longitudinally dehiscent.
The species is dioecious, with female plants bearing wider leaves and few flowers and male plants having narrower leaves and many clusters of flowers. The flower is a maroon or red and green cyathium. The fruit is explosively dehiscent, releasing silver, gray, or brown seeds.E. telephioides.
The labellum is mustard-yellow with brownish-red stripes, projects prominently, has an irregularly serrated edge and two rows of shiny yellow calli along its centre. Flowering occurs between September and November and is followed by a non-fleshy, dehiscent capsule containing a large number of seeds.
The leaves are trifoliate. leaflets are papery, with a glabrous upper surface. Inflorescences are densely spicate-racemose or paniculate, and bracts are foliaceous or dry, persistent or deciduous. Pods are small and turn brown when ripening; they are dehiscent, generally with two shiny black seeds in the vessel.
Each antherode has two abortive lateral pollen sacks. The ovary is ellipsoid, about long and has a style that is about long. The fruit is a dehiscent, ellipsoid capsule with two locules each containing two seeds. The capsule is glabrous, brown, measures long, and dehisces into two valves.
Vauquelinia, along with Lindleya and Kageneckia were formerly placed in family Quillajaceae, and have dry dehiscent fruit. Unlike the pome-fruited members of tribe Maleae within the Rosaceae, which share a base chromosome number of 17 with Lindleya and Kageneckia, Vauquelinia has a base chromosome number of 15.
Oedemera crassipes can reach a length of about .ALS - Alsphotopage These beetles have parallel (non-dehiscent) elitra, that fully cover the abdomen without leaving the hind wings visible. The basic body color is gray-green. Males have slightly enlarged hind femora, but they are scarcely distinguishable from females.
Pollination is by wind, with the female catkins lengthening considerably between pollination and maturity. The fruit is a two- to four-valved dehiscent capsule, green to reddish-brown, mature in midsummer, containing numerous minute light brown seeds surrounded by tufts of long, soft, white hairs which aid wind dispersal.
The fruit is non-fleshy; the fruiting carpel is dehiscent, with a follicle (the cycle of follicles often spreading radially in a stellate pattern) and presents only one seed. The seeds are copiously endospermic and oily. The embryo is well differentiated (very small), achlorophyllous. The germination is phanerocotylar.
The labellum is green to apricot-coloured, has a red tip and smooth edges. There is a dense band of tall calli along the centre of the labellum. Flowering occurs between August and October and is followed by a non-fleshy, dehiscent capsule containing a large number of seeds.
They are arranged along the stem in a fairly narrow one-sided facing cluster. The flowering period extends from May through September. The fruit is a dehiscent capsule in the form of inverted cone with many seeds. The thick root looks like a small turnip and it is edible.
They are diurnal. Fruits are small, globe-shaped and plain. They are dehiscent through the large basal pore, green to brownish purple [to magenta], spherical to short cylindrical, 5 - 18 x 6 – 17 mm, not juicy, drying immediately after ripening, scaly, spineless, hairless and with floral remnant persistent.
The edges of the labellum are scalloped and there is a callus in its centre which has two short, broad ridges and a thin central ridge long. Flowering occurs from October to early December and the fruit which follows is a dehiscent capsule containing up to 500 seeds.
The insignificant flowers appear after the new leaves and these are followed by the dehiscent pods (about 12–15 cm in length) in April. As with many legume species the pods split explosively and the flat seeds (about 2 cm across) are flung some distance from the parent tree.
K. hospita flowers throughout the year. Fruit production starts early, often in the third year after planting. The fruit of K. hospita are rounded, 5-lobed, thin-walled, membranous capsules, 2–2.5 cm in diameter, loculicidally dehiscent, each locule having 1–2 seeds. The seeds are globose, whitish, warty and exalbuminous.
These hairs then wither to release the fly, covered with pollen. The fruit is dehiscent capsule with many endospermic seeds. The common names Dutchman's pipe and pipevine (e.g. common pipevine, A. durior) are an allusion to old-fashioned meerschaum pipes at one time common in the Netherlands and northern Germany.
Algarrobo negro wood is used in making furniture and barrels. High in tannin, it has been employed for leather tanning since the colonial era. Its fruit, called an algarroba, is a dehiscent-type pod, with a sweet, starchy paste inside, milled to make flour, and fermented to make an alcoholic beverage.
The fruit is a dehiscent, non-fleshy, 1-locular capsule with many very minute endospermic seeds. Fruits of Orobanchaceae are small and abundant and can produce between 10,000–1,000,000 seeds per plant. These are dispersed by the wind over long distances, which increases their chances of finding a new host.
Flowers have five petals and are arranged in panicular inflorescences. The fruit is spherically shaped, dehiscent; containing a shiny blackish seed.Stucker, G.V.: (1930), Contribución al estudio del Fagara coco, Congreso Internacional de Biología, Montevideo, Oct. 1930. The whole plant has a characteristic unpleasant smell, hence the alternative name "smelly sauco".
The 7 to 11 leaflets of the large compound leaf have 7 to 12 lateral veins, typically less than the related Natal mahogany. The dehiscent fruit is reddish brown, spherical and about 3 cm in diameter. As with the Natal mahogany, each black seed is almost enveloped by a red aril.
They are mostly sessile and dehiscent from the tip. The fruit is membranous and contains many seeds. The plant grows perennially, with an acaulescent forb reaching 20 to 50 cm in height and has a taproot. Leaves grow alternately in a pinnate fashion and are usually 8 to 40 cm long.
The fruits of D. bella are between 16 and 18 mm with tough lateral walls that are tardily dehiscent despite no noticeable translucent lines. The seeds within the fruit are longitudinally striate. Some areas in northern Sutter County have D. bella with a minute corolla horn similar to D. ornatissima.
One plant can produce up to 80 fruits. The fruit is a dehiscent capsule up to 10 centimeters long with a long, narrow, curving beak. As the fruit dries and the flesh falls away, the hard beak splits into two horns. The horns can be up to 30 centimeters long.
The inflorescence is cymose, with simple or complex cymes. The fruits are dehiscent septicidal capsules splitting into two halves, rarely some species have a berry. Seeds are small with copiously oily endosperms and a straight embryo. The habit varies from small trees, pachycaul shrubs to (usually) herbs, with ascending, erect or twining stems.
Two sepals are shed when the flower blooms, and the petals are shed as well after pollination. There are many free stamens. The fruits produced are cylindric and dehiscent from the base; the fruits measure 5–10 cm long. The many seeds are smooth, brown or black, with a small pale outgrowth.
The inner surface of the flared mouth is completely purplish-brown. The flowering period extends through all summer. These plants are pollinated by flies which are attracted by the unpleasant carrion-like odor produced by the flowers. The numerous winged seeds are borne in dry dehiscent capsules that split like small parachutes.
The three antipodes are usually ephemeral or persistent as in the case of Atropa. The fruit can be a berry as in the case of the tomato or wolfberry a dehiscent capsule as in Datura, or a drupe. The fruit has axial placentation. The capsules are normally septicidal or rarely loculicidal or valvate.
The labellum is lemon-yellow coloured with brownish-red stripes, projects prominently with a curled tip, has an irregularly serrated edge and two rows of shiny yellow calli along its centre. Flowering occurs between September and October and is followed by a non-fleshy, dehiscent capsule containing a large number of seeds.
Bright yellow inflorescence 10–50 cm long containing a corolla 3.5-4 cm in diameter with five unequal petals. The flowers are very showy producing elongated pod shaped fruits about 6–12 inches in length. The fruit is a dry dehiscent, black/brownish in color containing numerous flat brown seeds, 0.5 cm in diameter.
The size of the discoid shell varies between 24 mm and 30 mm. The teleoconch consists of 4.5 weakly convex whorls. This species differs from Gaza superba by being more depressed, with stronger spiral grooving, a slightly smaller umbilicus, and more flattened over the sutures. The periostracum is olivaceous, polished, very thin and readily dehiscent.
The inferior labia is tripartite with the central lobe notched, almond-shaped and the laterals are complete. The androecium is formed of 4(5) didynamous stamens, the two or three inferior stamens are reduced to staminodes. The fruit is a pluriseminate boll, dehiscent by two bifid valves. The basic chromosome number is x=10.
The labellum is greenish-yellow with a red tip and its sides have long, narrow teeth or "calli". There are four or more rows of red calli along the centre of the labellum. Flowering occurs between October and early December and is followed by a non-fleshy, dehiscent capsule containing a large number of seeds.
The species is a flowering shrub growing in height. Its many stems bear waxy lance-shaped leaves long. The plentiful flowers each have five bright to deep yellow petals each just over a centimeter long and many yellowish whiskery stamens. It reproduces via the seed in its dehiscent dry fruits and also vegetatively via rhizome.
The attractive mauve sweetpea-like flowers, which close at night, may also be pink, crimson or white, and have a characteristic brush- like tuft protruding from the keel. For pollination an intricate piston mechanism is used. The fruit is an oval, brown, dehiscent capsule which is narrowly winged. The species is often cultivated in South African gardens.
Aloe sect. Lomatophyllum is a taxonomic section within the genus Aloe, comprising between 12 and 18 closely related species of Aloe from Madagascar and the Mascareigne islands. These species are distinguished by their having fleshy berries of unwinged seeds (unlike the other Aloe species which bear dehiscent capsules of winged seeds).U.Eggli: Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants: Monocotyledons.
The style has three filiform, spoon-shaped branches, each expanding towards the apex. William Berman The ovary is 3-locular with oblong or globose capsules, containing many, winged brown, longitudinally dehiscent seeds. These flowers are variously coloured, ranging from pink to reddish or light purple with white, contrasting markings, or white to cream or orange to red.
The members of this clade all originate from South Africa and often have prostrate leaves, fused stamens forming a tube towards the base of the flower, dehiscent fruit, and seeds with a well developed seed coat and chlorophyll. Within the Strumariinae, Nerine is most closely related to Brunsvigia Heist., Namaquanula D. & U. Müll.-Doblies and Hessea Herb.
These dehiscent pods are most likely a defense mechanism to assure that animals do not commonly ingest these plants, as doing so is poisonous to a number of them. The New Holland Rattlepod grows to about 80 centimeters tall with leaves slightly pointed at the apex and pods crowded on the stem, which hang down when they mature.
The petals close at night (or in cold, windy weather) and open again the following morning, although they may remain closed in cloudy weather. The fruit is a slender, dehiscent capsule long, which splits in two to release numerous small black or dark brown seeds. It survives mild winters in its native range, dying completely in colder climates.
Microgeographic, inter- individual, and intra-individual variation in the inflorescences of Iberian pear Pyrus bourgaeana (Rosaceae). Oecologia 169: 713-722. Fruits are non- dehiscent globose pomes weighing ~ 9.5 g, with green or brown skin inconspicuous to birds, copious lenticels permitting scent to emanate, and pulp high in fiber. Each fruit usually contains 2-4 full seeds.
The sexual parts of the flower are fused to the column which is short and has narrow wings, often with a small lobe at the front. Leek orchids usually flower between late winter and early summer, depending on species, and the fruit that follows flowering is a non-fleshy, dehiscent capsule containing up to 500 seeds.
The column is shaped like a semi-circle, about long with its inner surface hairy. One pair of column wings are triangular and point forwards, while the other pair on the side of the column are erect and have a hooked summit. Flowering occurs from October to January and is followed by a dehiscent, oval-shaped capsule about long.
The lateral sepals and petals are spread widely. The labellum is mustard-yellow with brownish-red stripes, projects prominently, has an irregularly serrated edge and two rows of shiny yellow calli along its centre. Flowering occurs from August to mid-September and is followed by a non-fleshy, dehiscent capsule containing a large number of seeds.
The species grows 2-4m tall, occurring in open forests. It is found in Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. It has been erroneously recorded as occurring in South-Central and Southeast Zhōngguó/China, including Hainan. At Khao Yai National Park, central Thailand, the orange dehiscent fruit grow some 9mm long, 7 mm in diameter and weighing just 0.3g.
The stipules are large as well, often over a centimeter wide. The plant produces an inflorescence of up to 12 pea flowers usually arranged in a line along one side of the stem. The flowers are up to 2 centimeters wide and are a variety of shades of purple. The fruit is a dehiscent legume pod containing peas.
Drosera madagascariensis flower Drosera madagascariensis forms one or two slightly pubescent inflorescences which are tall and bear 4-12 flowers on 2–5 mm long peduncles. The sepals are ovate and slightly pubescent. The pink petals are obovate, long and 4–6 mm wide. The seed capsules are dehiscent and bear numerous seeds up to 0.6 mm long.
Other characters include poricidal dehiscent capsule fruit, and the possession of iridoid glycosides. The Antirrhineae are not noted as food- or fodder plants, probably due to the iridoid content making them less than palatable. However, the tribe does not seem to contain highly poisonous plants, either; rather, use in folk medicine has been documented for a few species. While e.g.
It has leaves up to 9 centimeters long, those on the upper part of the plant lance-shaped and lower on the stem diamond or roughly oval in shape. The inflorescence holds several long, narrow clusters of both male and female flowers interspersed with spiny green bracts. The fruit is a smooth dehiscent capsule about 3 millimeters long containing shiny reddish black seeds.
Flowers are large, tubular shaped, with broadening corolla of deep yellow colour, about 2 inches long; they come out (February to April) before the tree has grown back any leaves. The fruit consists of dehiscent capsule often matured by the end of dry season. It is a slow growing, but long lasting, tree.Hoyos F., Jesús (1983) "Guía de árboles de Venezuela", Caracas.
This is a thin, sprawling annual herb which sometimes becomes vine- like, climbing nearby objects or other plants. The inflorescence consists of a solitary flower on a very long, strongly coiling pedicel up to 9 centimeters long. The flower at the tip is a dark-veined purple snapdragon over a centimeter wide. The fruit is a dehiscent capsule containing many bumpy seeds.
Haberlea rhodopensis flowers Corytoplectus capitatus is a large plant with fruit that are black berries. Ramonda myconi fruit are dry dehiscent capsules. Gesneriaceae, the gesneriad family, is a family of flowering plants consisting of about 152 genera and ca. 3,540 species in the Old World (most Cyrtandroideae) and New World (Gesnerioideae) tropics and subtropics, with a very small number extending to temperate areas.
The lateral sepals and the petals hang down against the ovary. The labellum is inclined upwards, is red- striped, has a smooth edge and a glandular tip. In the centre of the labellum is a band of deep purple-red calli. Flowering occurs between August and early November and is followed by a non-fleshy, dehiscent capsule containing a large number of seeds.
There are no obvious calli on the labellum. The sexual parts of the flower are fused to the column, which has wing-like structures on its sides. Flowering occurs from March to June but the remains of the flower are often recognisable as late as September. The fruit is a non-fleshy, glabrous, dehiscent capsule containing a large number of seeds.
The stems are hairy and green and have few leaves for most of the year. Before the leaves fall, they appear as twigs lined with pairs of small oval-shaped leaflets. The shrub flowers in scattered raceme inflorescences of red-streaked yellow flowers which age to full red. The fruit is a sickle-shaped dehiscent legume pod up to 2.5 centimeters long.
The fruit is green and cup-like when immature and woody, dehiscent capsule at maturity. Seeds are small and angular, remaining inconspicuous on the ground upon release. Seed coat/covering or testa of some Baeckea species has been recorded to form a physical barrier inhibiting seed germination. This may be reverted by removing or nicking the testa using a needle or scalpel, improving the rate of germination.
This species is an herbaceous plant that grows 1.0-2.6 ft (0.3-0.8 m) in height. It flowers April through June, and is pollinated by bees, with fruits maturing in July–September. Fruit dispersal is poorly understood, but fruits are likely wind dispersed in close proximity to the parent. Fruit is a brown, dry dehiscent capsule, narrowly oval-shaped, about 0.4 inches (1 cm) long.
Zuccagnia punctata is a species of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. Plants grow to about 5m tall, have small leaflets with clearly visible punctate glands, yellow 5-merous flowers, and produce leathery, red-haired dehiscent pods bearing a single seed each. It is found in treeless, scrubby areas up to 2,700m, and native only to central Argentina and Chile.
Staminal sheath white, 36–44 mm long, free filaments 6–8 mm; anthers white. Ovary sessile, linear, 8–11 mm long, densely pubescent, trichomes white, ascending-asppressed, to 2 mm long; style 30–43 mm long, flattened, bearded lengthwise, exerted beyond stamens, geniculate 5–6 mm from distal end. Legume subsessile, linear, ecostate, valves puberulent-hirsute, strongly transversed-impressed between the seeds, spirally-twisting dehiscent.
The male flowers are up to long and pendulous, while the smaller female flowers are green, erect and resemble a small cone. After wind fertilisation, the female flowers develop into long dehiscent, woody brown fruits. There are 80 to 100 winged seeds per fruit, and these are liberated when ripe, leaving the dried out fruit husks on the tree. There are three subspecies: Alnus acuminata subsp.
G. tenuispina Gymnosporia is an Old World genus of plants, that comprise suffrutices, shrubs and trees. It was formerly considered congeneric with Maytenus, but more recent investigations separated it based on the presence of achyblasts (truncated branchlets) and spines, alternate leaves or fascicles of leaves, an inflorescence that forms a dichasium, mostly unisexual flowers, and fruit forming a dehiscent capsule, with an aril on the seed.
The flower has two long, narrow, pointed upper lobes which may be blue or purple. The three lower lobes are fused into one three-lobed surface, which is blue or purple with two bright yellow blotches rimmed with white in the center. The mouth of the flower tube is surrounded by knobby projections of the sepals. The fruit is a dehiscent capsule three to seven centimeters long.
The labellum is greenish-white with red or brown markings and a red tip. There is a dense band of calli along the centre of the labellum. Flowering occurs between August and October and is followed by a non-fleshy, dehiscent capsule containing a large number of seeds. This orchid is similar to Caladenia doutchiae but has shorter sepal tips and a more southerly distribution.
They also bear branched, curling tendrils. The inflorescence holds a single pea flower wide which is a varying shade of red. The fruit is a hairless dehiscent legume pod. This is one pea species known to cause lathyrism; nevertheless, as cicerchia it figured among the comestibles enjoyed by the fortunate Milanese, listed at length by Bonvesin de la Riva in his "Marvels of Milan" (1288).
From time of sowing to flowering varies between 3–7 months. Pods are linear, dehiscent, 70–160 mm long and 4–5 mm wide, containing roughly 8-23 seeds. Seeds vary from dark to light brown and can sometimes be grey, black or yellow, often with stripes or spotted with a cylindrical shape raging 3.4-4.4 mm long, 2.3-3.1 mm wide.Maass, B.L. & Torres, A.M. 1992.
The ovary is inferior with 2–15 united carpels containing a single locule with numerous ovules on parietal placentas which either protrude nearly to the centre of the ovary or are incompletely developed. Fruits are globular to linear, dry or pulpy, dehiscent or more usually indehiscent and opening by decay of the pericarp. Seeds are normally numerous with straight embryos and no endosperm. Pollination can be extremely specialised.
Ceanothus americanus is a shrub growing between high, having many thin branches. Its root system is thick with fibrous root hairs close to the surface, but with stout, burlish, woody roots that reach deep into the earth-- root systems may grow very large in the wild, to compensate after repeated exposures to wildfires. White flowers grow in clumpy inflorescences on lengthy, axillary peduncles. Fruits are dry, dehiscent, seed capsules.
Most genera in this subfamily have one of three easily recognized types of embryos. The genera of Myrtoideae can be very difficult to distinguish in the absence of mature fruits. Myrtoideae are found worldwide in subtropical and tropical regions, with centers of diversity in the Neotropics, northeastern Australia, and Malesia. In contrast, subfamily Leptospermoideae (about 80 genera) was recognized as having dry, dehiscent fruits (capsules) and leaves arranged spirally or alternate.
The dark-coloured labellum is egg-shaped, about the same size as the petals with a minutely wavy edge. The callus is narrow egg-shaped and extends almost to the tip of the labellum. The column, which is below the labellum has wings with a rough surface. Flowering occurs between February and May and the fruit that follows is a non-fleshy, dehiscent capsule containing hundreds of seeds.
The leaves are obovate with margin entire and wavy, conspicuous net veining, crowded at ends of branches. Often with a single mis-formed leaf. The midrib has a yellow colour and the leaf has a brilliant green colour when viewed against the light. Fruit borne in clusters at the end of branches, yellow becoming brown, dehiscent with four bright red seeds covered with a sticky exudate with a faintly sweet smell.
Most modern cultivars are virtually fruitless. The fruits of those that have them are green or brown, ornamentally unattractive 5-valved dehiscent capsules, which persist throughout much of the winter on older cultivars. They will eventually shatter over the course of the dormant season and spread their easily germinating seeds around the base of the parent plant, forming colonies with time.plantfacts.osu.edu/pdf/0247-539.pdf. N.p., 2017. Web.
The column is curved with red bars on the inside surface and has narrow wings on its sides. Flowering occurs between August and November and is followed by a non-fleshy, dehiscent capsule containing a large number of seeds.Size compared to a finger This species is often confused with Caladenia fuscata but that species always has one flower per plant and flowers a few weeks earlier than C. carnea.
Novon 4:32-34 Zapoteca sousae is a shrub or small tree up to 3 m tall. Leaves are up to 7 cm long including the rachis, bipinnately compound, with as many as 33 pairs of leaflets per pinna. Flower heads are borne in the axils of the leaves, the flowers greenish-white. Pods are dehiscent, up to 12 cm long when mature, containing dark brown, mottled seeds.
The plant carries the flowers solitary or in two- flowered cymes opposite of the leaf. The flowers sit on the end of a short stem, count 5 sepals, 5 petals and 10 free and yellow stamina. The fruit is spindle-shaped, dehiscent and divided into transversal sections through five valves. The fruit measures 2 to 8 cm in length and colors vary from greyish- blue to green or brownish-black.
The labellum is green to apricot-coloured, has a red tip and smooth edges. There is a band of calli along the centre of the labellum. It is distinguished from subspecies bryceana by its smaller calli and by its lateral sepals which have their edges rolled under. Flowering occurs between August and early September and is followed by a non-fleshy, dehiscent capsule containing a large number of seeds.
The labellum is pale yellow to white and lacks the red tip common to similar spider orchids. The sides of the labellum have narrow teeth or calli which have a "clubbed" end. There are four or more rows of red-tipped calli along the centre of the labellum. Flowering occurs between September and October and is followed by a non- fleshy, dehiscent capsule containing a large number of seeds.
Pollen is monosulcate, often boat-shaped. The fruit is a leathery dehiscent capsule, with rusty indument or not, containing a single seed that is arillate or not; when present, the aril variously laciniate or entire. In most genera, the aril is colored red but also can be orange or white and translucent. The single seed has ruminate endosperm and is uniform in color or rarely with black blotches (Compsoneura).
The flowers are globose, white, pendulous, and 2–3 cm long, and solitary at the tip of a solid, pointed scape. The outer floral tepals are oblanceolate, with shorter inner tepals that are emarginate (notched at the apex) and taper towards their base with green patches apically and basally (see illustrations). The fruit forms a dehiscent capsule that forms three valves. Overall G. elwesii is a more robust plant than G. nivalis.
Hesperoyucca is distinct from Yucca in having loculicidally dehiscent fruit and a scape more than 2.5 cm diameter with reflexed (not erect) bracts. The stigma is capitate, whereas those of Yucca split into three reflexed lobes. The glutinous pollen is released in a sticky mass; that of Yucca species is released as single grains.Agavaceae.com – page includes a key toYucca and the three recognised species of Hesperoyucca Hesperoyucca is also distinct in DNA analysis.
Repeated transitions between fleshy and dry pericarps have been demonstrated regularly. One well-studied family is the Solanaceae, because of the commercial importance of fruit such as tomatoes, bell peppers, and eggplants or aubergines. Capsules, which are dry dehiscent fruits, appear to be the original form of the fruit in the earliest diverging members of the family. Berries have then evolved at least three times: in Cestrum, Duboisia, and in the subfamily Solanoideae.
It produces an erect stem, sometimes with branches, attaining a maximum height of just over one meter. The leaves are up to 30 centimeters long and have toothed to deeply lobed edges. The inflorescence is a raceme of mustardlike flowers with spoon-shaped yellow petals each a few millimeters in length. The fruit is a dehiscent and smoothly valved silicle, up to a centimeter long, and containing anywhere from 20 to 90 minute seeds.
Reproduction is also variable, being brought about by different mating systems which may be sexual or asexual, and may involve outcrossing, self-fertilization, or mixed mating. Some are pollinated by insects, others by hummingbirds. The most common fruit type in this family is a dehiscent capsule containing numerous seeds, but exceptions exist such as an achene, in Phryma leptostachya, or a berry-like fruit in Leucocarpus. About 16 species are in cultivation.
Blue is an unusual colour for Brassicaceae, being known in only one other genus, the unrelated Solms-laubachia from the Himalayas. Within the genus are mainly herbs and subshrubs, although shrubs and lianas appear as well. They may be annual or perennial and the majority of the fruits produced by species in this genus are dehiscent, not woody, and lack a carpophore. The plants are generally either glabrous or possess simple hairs.
The middle part of the labellum has the longest teeth on its edge, the teeth red with hooked white tips. The front part of the labellum curves downwards, with the teeth becoming shorter. There are between four and eight rows of calli along the central part of the labellum, the calli pale to dark red and club-shaped, up to tall. The fruit is a non-fleshy, dehiscent capsule containing a large number of seeds.
The labellum has a callus which consists often covers its surface and which consists of a raised, fleshy plate. The sexual parts of the flower are fused to the column which is short and has narrow wings, often with an extension at the front. Midge orchids usually flower in summer, autumn or winter, depending on species, and the fruit that follows flowering is a non-fleshy, dehiscent capsule containing up to 500 seeds.
The callus is ornamented with feathery cilia and club-shaped structures which gives the labellum the form of a wingless, female wasp. The column has two pairs of wings, two which surround the sexual parts of the flower and two larger hook-like wings either side of the column. Elbow orchids mainly flower in summer and the fruit that follows flowering is a glabrous dehiscent capsule containing a large number of winged seeds.
The length of the shell attains 27 mm, its diameter 7.4 mm. (Original description) The elongate-conic shell is covered with a very pale, ashy, dehiscent periostracum, which in the type is absent on the base and columella and gives the shell a decidedly bicolored effect, the shell itself appearing white. The protoconch contains 2.5 well rounded, smooth whorls, the last half crossed by a small number of axial riblets. The first postnuclear whorl has two nodulose spiral cords.
Lithocarpus encleisacarpus is a tree in the beech family Fagaceae. The specific epithet is from the Greek meaning "enclosed fruit", referring to the acorns and cupules.. The cupule is not fused to the nut though and often becomes irregularly dehiscent. The degree to which the nut is enclosed by the cupule varies across its geographic range. Trees in Lithocarpus are commonly known as the stone oaks and differ from Quercus primarily because they produce insect-pollinated flowers.
The fruit is termed "vanilla bean", though true beans are fabaceous eudicots not at all closely related to orchids. Rather, the vanilla fruit is technically an elongate, fleshy and later dehiscent capsule 10–20 cm long. It ripens gradually for 8 to 9 months after flowering, eventually turning black in color and giving off a strong aroma. Each pod contains thousands of minute seeds, and both the pods and seeds within are used to create vanilla flavoring.
Anthers are basifixed and open lengthwise. The flowers are bisexual, less commonly unisexual (more or less dioecious). Ovaries superior to partially inferior, with carpels equal to the number of petals, each forming a single locule, superior, free or almost so, basally with a small to conspicuous basal nectary scale, gradually tapering to a short to long style with few to many ovules. The fruit is usually capsular with dehiscent follicles, opening along the carpal suture and many seeded.
Xerophyta retinervis is a deciduous perennial up to 2 metres tall with stout, erect stems, densely covered in persistent, fibrous leaf bases, often charred and blackened by veldfires. Fragrant flowers appear after fire or rain, and are blue or mauve, or rarely white. The small capsules are covered in rough hairs and are loculicidally dehiscent, releasing numerous small, black angled seeds about 2 mm long. The species is tolerant of extreme conditions such as drought, fire, and low temperatures.
Mém Soc Phys et Hist Nat Genève 16: 15–70. Although Duby’s (1862) method of classification, based on dehiscent versus nondehiscent asci, was not followed by subsequent workers, he was the first to propose dividing hysteriaceous fungi into what was later to become two distinct families. However, one hundred years would pass before this distinction was fully recognized. Although Franz von Höhnel (1918) considered the Hysteriaceae to be pyrenomycetes, he proposed a radical revision of the Hysteriales.
Erysimum mediohispanicum produce tiny seeds (less than 0.5 mg) that are autochorously (by gravity) dispersed during August and September (about 40–60 days after pollination), when the valves of the dehiscent fruits (siliquae) open due to moving vegetation, wind rain or physical contact. Dispersal distance is very short in this species, just very few seeds travelling farther than 1 meter from the plant source. Seed dispersal distance is positively related to flowering stalk height, taller plants usually dispersing seeds farther.
Climbing trees is another way to collect the fruits because they can be harvested when they are still closed and they dehiscent after being picked. In some cases it is possible to collect seeds that are hanging from open fruits on the trees. Seeds transportation or seed storage should be done using sealed plastic bags together with wet sawdust and kept in a cool place. Once the fruits have dehiscence, mature seeds are extracted and the ones with good phytosanitary conditions are selected.
The tree is recognisable by its grey bark, which flakes off in chunks leaving a rough surface and a rusty-brown inner bark exposed. The leaves contain two leaflets, with the end two being bigger than the first two so the leaf hangs slightly on still days. The flowers are insignificant themselves, as with other Julbernardia species, but are noticeable as velvety-brown sprays among the foliage. The dehiscent pods appear in September and split open to scatter the seeds when mature.
The base of the labellum partly surrounds the lower part of the column forming a tube while the front is strongly curved downwards, covered with glandular hairs and often spotted. The sexual parts of the flower are fused to the column, which is erect, short, weakly curved and has narrow, wing-like structures. Bunny orchids flower from late winter to early summer, depending on species. The fruit that follows flowering is a non- fleshy, dehiscent capsule containing up to 500 seeds.
Phlox on a patio The name is derived from the Greek word phlox meaning flame in reference to the intense flower colors of some varieties."Phlox paniculata", Missouri Botanical Garden Fertilized flowers typically produce one relatively large seed. The fruit is a longitudinally dehiscent capsule with three or more valves that sometimes separate explosively. Some species such as P. paniculata (garden phlox) grow upright, while others such as P. subulata (moss phlox, moss pink, mountain phlox) grow short and matlike.
As is usual in orchids, one petal is highly modified as the central labellum. The labellum is gently curved near its base where it encloses the base of the column but more strongly curved near its tip, which is deeply fringed. The column is about , straight or gently curved with the anther at its tip. Flowering occurs between August and early December, depending on species and the fruit that follows flowering is a non- fleshy, dehiscent capsule containing up to 500 seeds.
Dichorisandrinae is a subtribe within the tribe Tradescantieae of the flowering plant family Commelinaceae. It consists of 5 genera and around 51 species. The subtribe represents a diverse assemblage native to tropical South America and a contiguous portion of Central America. Not only is this subtribe remarkable for the range of morphological and ecological variation within it, but it also includes species that represent novel exceptions to the terrestrial habit, longitudinally-dehiscent anthers, and/or exarillate seeds typical of the family.
Flowers and berries of Cestrum tomentosum By definition, berries have a fleshy, indehiscent pericarp, as opposed to a dry, dehiscent pericarp. Fossils show that early flowering plants had dry fruits; fleshy fruits, such as berries or drupes, appeared only towards the end of the Cretaceous Period or the beginning of the Paleogene Period, about . The increasing importance of seed dispersal by fruit-eating vertebrates, both mammals and birds, may have driven the evolution of fleshy fruits. Alternatively, the causal direction may be the other way round.
Some authors have placed Butomus in the Limnocharitaceae because of its laminar placentation and follicular fruit, but it is now placed in the monospecific family Butomaceae. The Limnocharitaceae are closely related to the Alismataceae, but differ from them by the fully dehiscent fruit, numerous ovules per carpel, and laminar placentation. Members of both of these families have laticifers, petioles, a terminal pore on each leaf, a sepaloid calyx, and thin, evanescent petals. The family Limnocharitaceae was separated from the Alismataceae by Armen Takhtajan in 1954,Armen L. Takhtajan. 1954.
The fossils of the late Cretaceous poppy Palaeoaster inquirenda from the Western Interior of North America occurs from 74.5 million year old deposits in the Fruitland Formation in New Mexico to 64.5 million year old deposits in the Hell Creek Formation in North Dakota. Dehiscent fruit fossils of Palaeoaster have been found at the excavation site for the well known Tyrannosaurus rex specimen BHI 3033. The seed capsule of Palaeoaster has some similarities to that of the extant poppy genus Romneya. Papaverites a fruit from the Eocene of Germany may be associated with Papaveraceae.
The Last Supper depicted by Canavesio draws distinction between apostles, contrasting the sleeping St. John with Judas's abhorrent expression. Judas is the only person portrayed with messy hair and accentuated facial features such as wrinkles, veins, and protruding nose with a mole, all drawing attention to his character as traitor. In the Arrest of Christ, the serenity of Christ's face poses a dramatic contrast to the fiendish faces of his enemies. Prominent in the crowd are the grimacing action of Judas and the tumbling Malchus with dehiscent wound spouting blood.
Cross-sections of orchid capsules showing the longitudinal slits The ovary typically develops into a capsule that is dehiscent by three or six longitudinal slits, while remaining closed at both ends. The seeds are generally almost microscopic and very numerous, in some species over a million per capsule. After ripening, they blow off like dust particles or spores. They lack endosperm and must enter symbiotic relationships with various mycorrhizal basidiomyceteous fungi that provide them the necessary nutrients to germinate, so all orchid species are mycoheterotrophic during germination and reliant upon fungi to complete their lifecycles.
Unlike animals, plants are limited in their ability to seek out favorable conditions for life and growth. As a result, plants have evolved many ways to disperse their offspring by dispersing their seeds (see also vegetative reproduction). A seed must somehow "arrive" at a location and be there at a time favorable for germination and growth. When the fruits open and release their seeds in a regular way, it is called dehiscent, which is often distinctive for related groups of plants; these fruits include capsules, follicles, legumes, silicles and siliques.
Sessea is a genus of 19 accepted species of shrubs, small trees and climbers belonging to the subfamily Cestroideae of the plant family Solanaceae. The flowers of Sessea are so similar to those of Cestrum that the genera cannot usually be told apart, unless the plants are in fruit. Then their distinguishing characteristics become immediately apparent; plants of the genus Sessea bearing dehiscent capsules dispersing winged seeds, while those belonging to the genus Cestrum bear juicy berries containing prismatic seeds. The flowers of both Sessea and Cestrum have tubular corollas that are long exserted from small calyces.
Fruit harvest is made during September, October, December, January and June. Since the fruits are dehiscent, it is recommended to harvest the fruits directly from the trees before they open to release the seeds when they are still green, but opening lines can be seeing. The safest and more recommendable way to collect the fruits is directly from the tree using a climbing technique that doesn’t damage the bark. In some cases when the trees are not too height and the branches are easy to reach, it is recommended to collect the fruit from the ground using an extension pruning pole.
Fruit harvest is made during August and September, which are months with high rainfall. Since the fruits are dehiscent, it is recommended to harvest the fruits directly from the trees before they open to release the seeds when they are still green, but opening lines can already be seen. If the tree is not too high, harvest can be done using an extension pruning pole. However, if the canopy is not reachable from the ground, fruits and seeds can be collected from the ground, always taking care to eliminate seeds and fruits with fungus presence or holes caused by insects.
Proteoideae was essentially defined by Robert Brown in his 1810 On the natural order of plants called Proteaceae. Brown divided Proteaceae into two "sections" based on whether or not the fruits were dehiscent or indehiscence. He also noted that Brown's two "sections" corresponded closely with what are now recognised as the two largest Proteaceae subfamilies, Proteoideae and Grevilleoideae, and both the indehiscence of Proteoideae and the paired flowers of Grevilleoideae are still recognised as key diagnostic characters. Brown did not publish names for his two sections, and it would not be until 1836 that the name Proteoideae would be published by Amos Eaton.
By contrast Ammocharis fruits are dehiscent and infrutescence is lax. However Snijman and Linder (1996) had suggested, on morphological grounds alone that Cybistetes and Ammocharis be embedded in Crinum, there being insufficient synapomorphy to separate them, nevertheless they retained the distinction in their delineation of the subtribe (which incidentally contained Boophone). Although Germishuizen and Meyer embedded Cybistetes in Ammocharis in their original (2003) Plants of Southern Africa, the 2007 online version lists it separately. Eventually a much more detailed study in 2007 with a greater sampling of Ammocharis showed that Cybistetes is indeed embedded in Ammocharis as A. longifolia, where it is sister to A. angolensis.
The superior ovary in the center of the flower consists of three merged carpels, that together protect three cavities within which are one to four anatropous ovules each of which is covered by a single layer. The upright style tapers towards the top and carries a small globe-shaped stigma or expands towards the top into an inverted cone-shaped stigma, covered in small grains. The smooth, cartilaginous, dehiscent fruit opens with three valves. The small, dark reddish brown seeds are ellipsoid in shape either with a smoothed netted structure or angular with three sutures and with prominent warts or a honeycomb-like structure.
Both genetic and morphological evidence demonstrate that the tanoak is a distant relative to Asian stone oaks and, therefore tanoak has been moved into a new genus, Notholithocarpus. Lithocarpus trees are evergreen trees with leathery, alternate leaves, the margins of which are almost always entire, rarely toothed. The seed is a nut similar to an oak acorn with a cupule enclosing the basal part of the fruit. Cupules of stone oaks demonstrate a much wider variety in the type and arrangement of lamellae and scales on the outside of the cupule, with some of them completely enclosing the nut, even becoming irregularly dehiscent in a few species.
While Shirleya has a number of features that are similar to Lagerstroemia, there are also several distinct features. The fruits have a thicker pericarp that is similar to the genera Duabanga and Sonneratia which have berry-like fruits, but Shirleya fruits were dehiscent, unlike the berry- like fruits, as indicated by several isolated silicified fruit valves. The seeds in Shirleya fruits develop near the tops of the fruit gynoecium with wings extending down towards the gynoecium base, while in Lagerstroemia the seeds develop in reverse position, with the wing extending from the seed towards the top of the gynoecium. These differences lead Pigg and DeVore to place the fossils in a new genus.
Carlquist originally described two species in the genus, A. subterranea and A. arenicola (the species epithet arenicola means "a dweller on sand"). Ten year later in April 1986, Australian botanists Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson and Barbara G. Briggs, both of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, published a short article in the journal Telopea that recognized a species previously known as Restio nitens as a species better fitting the description of Alexgeorgea. Restio nitens was originally described by Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck in 1848 as having above ground dehiscent fruits, unlike the below ground flowers and fruit of Alexgeorgea, though Carlquist had noted that R. nitens and his newly described A. arenicola were otherwise identical. Johnson examined the herbarium specimens labeled as R. nitens and discovered that the alleged above ground fruits were actually malformations possibly resulting from smut fungus.

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