"As jute polymer bags are totally biodegradable and decomposable, it will help check pollution," he said.
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Now that paper straws and decomposable utensils have become more widely available, the exemptions will expire on June 30, according to The Seattle Times.
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Pros: 100% renewable and decomposable fiber, removes shoe soil easily, durable, and easy careCons: Mat can be slippery on some surfaces, best for outdoor uses
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New, truly biodegradable materials, which exist, with more in development, must rapidly be scaled to replace non-decomposable polymers in many uses, especially all single-use products.
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The $750 million total of their most recent gift, which will be used to support solar science, climate science, energy, biofuels, decomposable plastics, water and environmental resources, and ecology and biosphere engineering research at Caltech, is significantly larger than most college endowments.
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Idiom transparency can refer to the “literalness” of an idiom; how easy it is to understand an idiom based on the words it contains. Idioms can be sorted depending on their degree of transparency. Three categories of idioms have been identified: decomposable, abnormally decomposable, and nondecomposable. Decomposable idioms are composed of words that literally contribute to their overall figurative meaning, e.g.
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Another important normal form identified by Darwiche is Decomposable Negation Normal Form or DNNF.
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A log-linear model is decomposable if it is graphical and if the corresponding graph is chordal.
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It is made out of liquid biologically decomposable organic agent and conglomeration of solid chemic micro particles.
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This extra generality is not used much as most decomposable measures that occur in practice are σ-finite.
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A Lévy random field is a multi- dimensional generalization of Lévy process. Still more general are decomposable processes.
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The kth exterior power of V, denoted Λk(V), is the vector subspace of Λ(V) spanned by elements of the form :x_1\wedge x_2\wedge\cdots\wedge x_k,\quad x_i\in V, i=1,2,\ldots, k. If , then α is said to be a k-vector. If, furthermore, α can be expressed as an exterior product of k elements of V, then α is said to be decomposable. Although decomposable k-vectors span Λk(V), not every element of Λk(V) is decomposable.
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A graph is (a,b)-decomposable if its edges can be partitioned into a+1 sets, each one of them inducing a forest, except one who induces a graph with maximum degree b. A graph with arboricity a is (a,0)-decomposable. The tree number is the minimal number of trees covering the edges of a graph.
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Maharam's theorem states that every complete measure space is decomposable into a measure on the continuum, and a finite or countable counting measure.
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Ando and Fisher define a completely decomposable matrix as one where "an identical rearrangement of rows and columns leaves a set of square submatrices on the principal diagonal and zeros everywhere else." A nearly completely decomposable matrix is one where an identical rearrangement of rows and columns leaves a set of square submatrices on the principal diagonal and small nonzeros everywhere else.
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In mathematics, a Butler group is a group that is the image of a completely decomposable abelian group of finite rank. They were introduced by .
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Typically lower hemicontinuous correspondences admit single-valued selections (Michael selection theorem, Bressan–Colombo directionally continuous selection theorem, Fryszkowski decomposable map selection). Likewise, upper hemicontinuous maps admit approximations (e.g. Ancel–Granas–Górniewicz–Kryszewski theorem).
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In mathematics, a decomposable measure is a measure that is a disjoint union of finite measures. This is a generalization of σ-finite measures, which are the same as those that are a disjoint union of countably many finite measures. There are several theorems in measure theory such as the Radon–Nikodym theorem that are not true for arbitrary measures but are true for σ-finite measures. Several such theorems remain true for the more general class of decomposable measures.
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The many applications of the algorithmic theory of Graver bases also include stochastic integer programming, N-fold integer programming, N-fold 4-block decomposable integer programming,Raymond Hemmecke, Matthias Köppe, Robert Weismantel: A polynomial-time algorithm for optimizing over N-fold 4-block decomposable integer programs, IPCO 14, 2010 clustering, and disclosure control in statistical databases. In some of these applications the relevant Graver basis cannot be computed in polynomial time, but can be accessed in an indirect way that allows to use it in polynomial time.
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The notion of numerical range of a given operator, also called "field of values", has been extensively studied during the last few decades and its usefulness in quantum theory has been emphasized. Several generalizations of numerical range are known. In particular, Marcus introduced the notion of ’’’decomposable numerical range’’’, the properties of which are a subject of considerable interest. The product numerical range can be considered as a particular case of the decomposable numerical range defined for operators acting on a tensor product Hilbert space.
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Latin Extended-A.. These characters are considered compatibility-decomposable. They are included for compatibility and round-trip convertibility with legacy encodings, but their use is discouraged.. Therefore, even with Unicode available, it is recommended to encode ij as two separate letters..
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The upper case, or majuscule form has never been included in any international keyboards Therefore, it is decomposable by simply combining ʼ (U+02BC) and N. 〔ʼN〕 It is also a legacy compatibility character for the ISO/IEC 6937 text encoding.
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Modules over fields are vector spaces. A vector space is indecomposable if and only if its dimension is 1. So every vector space is completely decomposable (indeed, semisimple), with infinitely many summands if the dimension is infinite. Jacobson (2009), p.
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The coefficient of variation is the square root of the variance of the incomes divided by the mean income. It has the advantages of being mathematically tractable and its square is subgroup decomposable, but it is not bounded from above.
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Spill mapping on to reveal and beans metaphorically representing secret. Nondecomposable idioms are made of words that do not reflect their idiomatic meaning, e.g. kick the bucket. People are found to respond to both types of decomposable idioms faster than nondecomposable ones.
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A continuum C is a nonempty compact connected metric space. The arc, the n-sphere, and the Hilbert cube are examples of path connected continua; the topologist's sine curve and Warsaw circle are examples of non-path connected continua. A subcontinuum C' of a continuum C is a closed, connected subset of C. A space is nondegenerate if it is not equal to a single point. A continuum C is decomposable if there exist two subcontinua A and B of C such that A eq C and B eq C but A \cup B = C. A continuum which is not decomposable is an indecomposable continuum.
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Decomposable k-vectors in ΛkV correspond to weighted k-dimensional linear subspaces of V. In particular, the Grassmannian of k-dimensional subspaces of V, denoted Grk(V), can be naturally identified with an algebraic subvariety of the projective space P(ΛkV). This is called the Plücker embedding.
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In many situations, all modules of interest are completely decomposable; the indecomposable modules can then be thought of as the "basic building blocks", the only objects that need to be studied. This is the case for modules over a field or PID, and underlies Jordan normal form of operators.
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Coming from a rapidly renewable source, it has a low carbon footprint in production, and a low energy consumption in production (89% less compared to baked ceramic tiles). It is also fully recyclable or decomposable; and its slaked lime absorbs CO2 in the air. It also captures VOC gasses and odours.
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SBASCO's addresses domain decomposable applications through its multi-block skeleton. Domains are specified through arrays (mainly two dimensional), which are decomposed into sub-arrays with possible overlapping boundaries. The computation then takes place in an iterative BSP like fashion. The first stage consists of local computations, while the second stage performs boundary exchanges.
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In probability theory, a nearly completely decomposable (NCD) Markov chain is a Markov chain where the state-space can be partitioned in such a way that movement within a partition occurs much more frequently than movement between partitions. Particularly efficient algorithms exist to compute the stationary distribution of Markov chains with this property.
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Suppose that X is the unit interval with the Lebesgue measurable sets and Lebesgue measure, and Y is the unit interval with all subsets measurable and the counting measure, so that Y is not σ-finite. If f is the characteristic function of the diagonal of X×Y, then integrating f along X gives the 0 function on Y, but integrating f along Y gives the function 1 on X. So the two iterated integrals are different. This shows that Tonelli's theorem can fail for spaces that are not σ-finite no matter what product measure is chosen. The measures are both decomposable, showing that Tonelli's theorem fails for decomposable measures (which are slightly more general than σ-finite measures).
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There are also subclasses of MRFs that permit efficient MAP, or most likely assignment, inference; examples of these include associative networks... Another interesting sub-class is the one of decomposable models (when the graph is chordal): having a closed-form for the MLE, it is possible to discover a consistent structure for hundreds of variables.
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We define problem P of searching for the predicate M match in the set S as P(M,S). Problem P is decomposable if the set S can be decomposed into subsets S_i and there exists an operation + of result unification such that P(M,S) = P(M,S_0) + P(M,S_1) + \dots + P(M,S_n).
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Since such sequences are decomposable, regular forms will not be listed below. (In Abkhaz, with sibilants is equivalent to , for instance ж , жь , жә , but this is predictable phonetic detail.) Similarly, long vowels written double in some languages, such as for Abkhaz or for Kirghiz "bear", or with glottal stop, as Tajik аъ , are not included.
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It is a strong, durable, color and light-fast fiber. Its UV protection, sound and heat insulation, low thermal conduction and anti-static properties make it a wise choice in home décor. Also, fabrics made of jute fibers are carbon-dioxide neutral and naturally decomposable. These properties are also why jute can be used in high performance technical textiles.
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Every transform by the lifting scheme can be inverted. Every perfect-reconstruction filter bank can be decomposed into lifting steps by the Euclidean algorithm. That is, "lifting-decomposable filter bank" and "perfect-reconstruction filter bank" denotes the same. Every two perfect- reconstruction filter banks can be transformed into each other by a sequence of lifting steps.
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The decomposable k-vectors have geometric interpretations: the bivector represents the plane spanned by the vectors, "weighted" with a number, given by the area of the oriented parallelogram with sides u and v. Analogously, the 3-vector represents the spanned 3-space weighted by the volume of the oriented parallelepiped with edges u, v, and w.
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The seasonal patterns in respiration are controlled by leaf litter fall and precipitation, the driving force moving the decomposable carbon from the litter to the soil. Respiration rates are highest early in the wet season because the recent dry season results in a large percentage of leaf litter and thus a higher percentage of organic matter being leached into the soil.
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A large compost pile that is steaming with the heat generated by thermophilic microorganisms. Composting is a process for converting decomposable organic materials into useful stable products. Therefore, valuable landfill space can be used for other wastes by composting these materials rather than dumping them on landfills. It may however be difficult to control inert and plastics contamination from municipal solid waste.
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Algorithmically computing the Grushko decomposition for specific classes of groups is a difficult problem which primarily requires being able to determine if a given group is freely decomposable. Positive results are available for some classes of groups such as torsion-free word-hyperbolic groups, certain classes of relatively hyperbolic groups,François Dahmani and Daniel Groves. "Detecting free splittings in relatively hyperbolic groups".
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This holds in particular for any representation of a finite group over the complex numbers, since the characteristic of the complex numbers is zero, which never divides the size of a group. In the example above, the first two representations given (ρ and σ) are both decomposable into two 1-dimensional subrepresentations (given by span{(1,0)} and span{(0,1)}), while the third representation (τ) is irreducible.
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Rakura is a tea brand from Himal Tea Industries, founded in 1973, a company from Nepal that launched Rakura in 2012. "Drink Health" is the company's tagline, which refers to tea as a health beneficiary drink. It provides its product in an eco-friendly way such as its decomposable tea bag. Himal Tea Industries Pvt Ltd is one of the oldest manufacturers of Nepali tea.
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Strang splitting is a numerical method for solving differential equations that are decomposable into a sum of differential operators. It is named after Gilbert Strang. It is used to speed up calculation for problems involving operators on very different time scales, for example, chemical reactions in fluid dynamics, and to solve multidimensional partial differential equations by reducing them to a sum of one-dimensional problems.
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Tachylite from Kīlauea volcano in Hawaii (view is about 9 cm across) Tachylite (also spelled tachylyte) is a form of basaltic volcanic glass. This glass is formed naturally by the rapid cooling of molten basalt. It is a type of mafic igneous rock that is decomposable by acids and readily fusible. The color is a black or dark-brown, and it has a greasy-looking, resinous luster.
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In a module with finite composition length, this has the effect of forcing the composition factors to be isomorphic, hence the "homogeneous" adjective. It turns out that a serial ring R is a finite direct sum of homogeneously serial right ideals if and only if R is isomorphic to a full nxn matrix ring over a local serial ring. Such rings are also known as primary decomposable serial rings .
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Pink Eudialyte in syenite (lujavrite) from Poços de Caldas, Brazil. The white mineral is alkali feldspar, the black is aegirine, and the little brown bits are biotite. Eudialyte, whose name derives from the Greek phrase Εὖ διάλυτος eu dialytos, meaning "well decomposable", is a somewhat rare, nine member ring cyclosilicate mineral, which forms in alkaline igneous rocks, such as nepheline syenites. Its name alludes to its ready solubility in acid.
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It is then possible that the most fundamental entities of current physics can actually be decomposed further than what is currently considered their base form, and their parts can be further decomposed. If matter is infinitely decomposable in this respect, then mereological simples do not exist as an absolute entity. This poses a conflict with an initial assumption within Mereological Nihilism according to the belief that only mereological simples exist.
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The levels distinguished by structural analysis are richly interconnected. This means that, although they are partially decomposable (Simon, 1962), they are not modular in the sense of Fodor (1983), but rather interactive in the sense of Rumelhart and McClelland (1987). In order to achieve gating and activation, processing levels must be interconnected in a way that permits smooth coordination. The UCM assumes that these interconnections rely on methods for topological, i.e.
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An Atkinson index for any inequality aversion parameter can be derived from a generalized entropy index under the restriction that \epsilon=1-\alpha \- i.e an Atkinson index with high inequality aversion is derived from a GE index with small \alpha. Moreover, it is the unique class of inequality measures that is a monotone transformation of the Atkinson index and which is additive decomposable. Many popular indices, including Gini index, do not satisfy additive decomposability.
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In probability theory, an indecomposable distribution is a probability distribution that cannot be represented as the distribution of the sum of two or more non-constant independent random variables: Z ≠ X + Y. If it can be so expressed, it is decomposable: Z = X + Y. If, further, it can be expressed as the distribution of the sum of two or more independent identically distributed random variables, then it is divisible: Z = X1 + X2.
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All GICs contain a basic glass and an acidic polymer liquid, which set by an acid-base reaction. The polymer is an ionomer, containing a small proportion – some 5 to 10% – of substituted ionic groups. These allow it to be acid decomposable and clinically set readily. The glass filler is generally a calcium alumino fluorosilicate powder, which upon reaction with a polyalkenoic acid gives a glass polyalkenoate-glass residue set in an ionised, polycarboxylate matrix.
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Productivity refers to a representational system's unbounded ability to generate new representations from a given set of symbols. "John", "loves", and "Mary" allow for the construction of the sentences "John loves Mary" and "Mary loves John". Fodor's language of thought theorizes that representations are decomposable into constituent parts, and these decomposed representations are built into new strings. More important than productivity is systematicity since it does not rely on questionable idealizations about human cognition.
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Journal of Development Economics, 2(2), pp. 165-187. In another highly cited article, co-authored with Efe A. Ok and published in 1996, Fields defines the concept of income mobility and develops a measure of income mobility which is additively decomposable into its two sources, namely the transfer of income among individuals within a given structure and the change in total income, e.g. due to economic growth or contraction.Fields, G.S., Ok, E.A. (1996).
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Proving existence is relatively straightforward: let be the set of all normal subgroups that can not be written as a product of indecomposable subgroups. Moreover, any indecomposable subgroup is (trivially) the one-term direct product of itself, hence decomposable. If Krull-Schmidt fails, then contains ; so we may iteratively construct a descending series of direct factors; this contradicts the DCC. One can then invert the construction to show that all direct factors of appear in this way.
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One example of this is the decomposable BSP model. The model has also been used in the creation of a number of new programming languages and interfaces, such as Bulk Synchronous Parallel ML (BSML), BSPLib,BSPlib Apache Hama, and Pregel.Pregel Notable implementations of the BSPLib standard are the Paderborn University BSP libraryThe Paderborn University BSP (PUB) Library - Design, Implementation and Performance Heinz Nixdorf Institute, Departement of Computer Science, University of Paderborn, Germany, technical report . and the Oxford BSP Toolset by Jonathan Hill.
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In mathematics, Maharam's theorem is a deep result about the decomposability of measure spaces, which plays an important role in the theory of Banach spaces. In brief, it states that every complete measure space is decomposable into "non-atomic parts" (copies of products of the unit interval [0,1] on the reals), and "purely atomic parts", using the counting measure on some discrete space. The theorem is due to Dorothy Maharam. It was extended to localizable measure spaces by Irving Segal.
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POM is readily decomposable, serving many soil functions and providing terrestrial material to water bodies. It is a source of food for both soil organisms and aquatic organisms and provides nutrients for plants. In water bodies, POM can contribute substantially to turbidity, limiting photic depth which can suppress primary productivity. POM also enhances soil structure leading to increased water infiltration, aeration and resistance to erosion Soil management practices, such as tillage and compost/manure application, alter the POM content of soil and water.
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By contrast, instances of the class Person are, typically, not decomposable in this fashion. For the purposes of OntoClean, wholes are individuals all of whose parts are related to each other, and only to each other, by some distinguished relation. This relation can be viewed as a generalized connection relation. Mere sums have no such relation since any decomposition of a mere sum is connected to any larger sum, which is not one of its parts, by the same relation.
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A precomposed character (alternatively composite character or decomposable character) is a Unicode entity that can also be defined as a sequence of one or more other characters. A precomposed character may typically represent a letter with a diacritical mark, such as é (Latin small letter e with acute accent). Technically, é (U+00E9) is a character that can be decomposed into an equivalent string of the base letter e (U+0065) and combining acute accent (U+0301). Similarly, ligatures are precompositions of their constituent letters or graphemes.
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The consumption of the litterfall by decomposers results in the breakdown of simple carbon compounds into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O), and releases inorganic ions (like nitrogen and phosphorus) into the soil where the surrounding plants can then reabsorb the nutrients that were shed as litterfall. In this way, litterfall becomes an important part of the nutrient cycle that sustains forest environments. As litter decomposes, nutrients are released into the environment. The portion of the litter that is not readily decomposable is known as humus.
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If (V,φ) and (W,ψ) are representations of (say) a group G, then the direct sum of V and W is a representation, in a canonical way, via the equation : g\cdot (v,w) = (g\cdot v, g\cdot w). The direct sum of two representations carries no more information about the group G than the two representations do individually. If a representation is the direct sum of two proper nontrivial subrepresentations, it is said to be decomposable. Otherwise, it is said to be indecomposable.
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In graph theory, the (a, b)-decomposition of an undirected graph is a partition of its edges into a + 1 sets, each one of them inducing a forest, except one which induces a graph with maximum degree b. If this graph is also a forest, then we call this a F(a, b)-decomposition. A graph with arboricity a is (a, 0)-decomposable. Every (a, 0)-decomposition or (a, 1)-decomposition is a F(a, 0)-decomposition or a F(a, 1)-decomposition respectively.
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In permaculture, sheet mulching is an agricultural no-dig gardening technique that attempts to mimic the natural soil-building process in forests. When deployed properly and in combination with other permaculture principles, it can generate healthy, productive, and low maintenance ecosystems. Sheet mulching, also known as composting in place, mimics nature by breaking down organic material from the topmost layers down. The simplest form of sheet mulching consists of applying a bottom layer of decomposable material, such as cardboard or newspapers, to the ground to kill existing vegetation and suppress weeds.
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This 5-day BOD test result may be described as the amount of oxygen required for aquatic microorganisms to stabilize decomposable organic matter under aerobic conditions.Sawyer, Clair N. & McCarty, Perry L. Chemistry for Sanitary Engineers 2nd Ed. (1967) McGraw-Hill pp. 394–399 Stabilization, in this context, may be perceived in general terms as the conversion of food to living aquatic fauna. Although these fauna will continue to exert biochemical oxygen demand as they die, that tends to occur within a more stable evolved ecosystem including higher trophic levels.
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Later, it was used and redefined in generative linguistics, most famously by Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle, and remains central to many accounts of the development of modern phonology. As a theoretical concept or model, though, it has been supplemented and even replaced by others. Some linguists (such as Roman Jakobson and Morris Halle) proposed that phonemes may be further decomposable into features, such features being the true minimal constituents of language. Features overlap each other in time, as do suprasegmental phonemes in oral language and many phonemes in sign languages.
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In 1984, Thorbecke published a seminal article "A Class of Decomposable Poverty Measures" in Econometrica with his former student Joel Greer and another graduate student at Cornell at the time, James Foster. The Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (sometimes referred to as FGT) metric is a generalized measure of poverty within an economy. It combines information on the extent of poverty (as measured by the Headcount ratio, i.e., the proportion of poor in the population), the intensity of poverty (as measured by the Total Poverty Gap) and inequality among the poor (as measured by the Gini and the coefficient of variation for the poor).
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Physics-based energy functions, such as AMBER and CHARMM, are typically derived from quantum mechanical simulations, and experimental data from thermodynamics, crystallography, and spectroscopy. These energy functions typically simplify physical energy function and make them pairwise decomposable, meaning that the total energy of a protein conformation can be calculated by adding the pairwise energy between each atom pair, which makes them attractive for optimization algorithms. Physics-based energy functions typically model an attractive-repulsive Lennard-Jones term between atoms and a pairwise electrostatics coulombic term between non-bonded atoms. Water- mediated hydrogen bonds play a key role in protein–protein binding.
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In abstract algebra, a module is indecomposable if it is non-zero and cannot be written as a direct sum of two non-zero submodules. Jacobson (2009), p. 111. Indecomposable is a weaker notion than simple module (which is also sometimes called irreducible module): simple means "no proper submodule" N < M, while indecomposable "not expressible as N \oplus P = M". A direct sum of indecomposables is called completely decomposable; this is weaker than being semisimple, which is a direct sum of simple modules. A direct sum decomposition of a module into indecomposable modules is called an indecomposable decomposition.
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Let A be an abelian group. If A is finitely generated then by the fundamental theorem of finitely generated abelian groups, A is decomposable into a direct sum of cyclic subgroups, which leads to the classification of finitely generated abelian groups up to isomorphism. The structure of general infinite abelian groups can be considerably more complicated and the conclusion needs not to hold, but Prüfer proved that it remains true for periodic groups in two special cases. The first Prüfer theorem states that an abelian group of bounded exponent is isomorphic to a direct sum of cyclic groups.
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In 1951, Bing proved that all hereditarily indecomposable arc-like continua are homeomorphic — this implies that Knaster's K, Moise's M, and Bing's B are all homeomorphic. Bing also proved that the pseudo-arc is typical among the continua in a Euclidean space of dimension at least 2 or an infinite-dimensional separable Hilbert space. Bing and F. Burton Jones constructed a decomposable planar continuum that admits an open map onto the circle, with each point preimage homeomorphic to the pseudo-arc, called the circle of pseudo-arcs. Bing and Jones also showed that it is homogeneous.
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S-matrix theory was a proposal for replacing local quantum field theory as the basic principle of elementary particle physics. It avoided the notion of space and time by replacing it with abstract mathematical properties of the S-matrix. In S-matrix theory, the S-matrix relates the infinite past to the infinite future in one step, without being decomposable into intermediate steps corresponding to time-slices. This program was very influential in the 1960s, because it was a plausible substitute for quantum field theory, which was plagued with the zero interaction phenomenon at strong coupling.
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All isosceles Heronian triangles are decomposable. They are formed by joining two congruent Pythagorean triangles along either of their common legs such that the equal sides of the isosceles triangle are the hypotenuses of the Pythagorean triangles, and the base of the isosceles triangle is twice the other Pythagorean leg. Consequently, every Pythagorean triangle is the building block for two isosceles Heronian triangles since the join can be along either leg. All pairs of isosceles Heronian triangles are given by rational multiples ofSastry, K. R. S., "Construction of Brahmagupta n-gons", Forum Geometricorum 5 (2005): 119–126.
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In mathematics, a polynomial decomposition expresses a polynomial f as the functional composition g \circ h of polynomials g and h, where g and h have degree greater than 1; it is an algebraic functional decomposition. Algorithms are known for decomposing univariate polynomials in polynomial time. Polynomials which are decomposable in this way are composite polynomials; those which are not are called indecomposable polynomials of sometimes prime polynomials.J.F. Ritt, "Prime and Composite Polynomials", Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 23:1:51–66 (January, 1922) (not to be confused with irreducible polynomials, which cannot be factored into products of polynomials).
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With these definitions the representations of a quiver form a category. If V and W are representations of a quiver Q, then the direct sum of these representations, V\oplus W, is defined by (V\oplus W)(x)=V(x)\oplus W(x) for all vertices x in Q and (V\oplus W)(a) is the direct sum of the linear mappings V(a) and W(a). A representation is said to be decomposable if it is isomorphic to the direct sum of non-zero representations. A categorical definition of a quiver representation can also be given.
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In multilinear algebra, a multivector, sometimes called Clifford number,John Snygg (2012), A New Approach to Differential Geometry Using Clifford’s Geometric Algebra, Birkhäuser, p.5 §2.12 is an element of the exterior algebra of a vector space . This algebra is graded, associative and alternating, and consists of linear combinations of simple -vectors (also known as decomposable -vectorsWendell Fleming (1977) [1965] Functions of Several Variables, section 7.5 Multivectors, page 295, or -blades) of the form : v_1\wedge\cdots\wedge v_k, where v_1, \ldots, v_k are in . A -vector is such a linear combination that is homogeneous of degree (all terms are -blades for the same ).
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The study of anatomy in Turin began in 1563, with the arrival in town of Savona scholar Angelo Visca, but it was only in 1739 that it was the first collection of anatomical preparations, commissioned by Giovanni Battista Bianchi Carlo Emanuele III for forming the University Museum. Of that collection remain a valuable statue in plaster of a pregnant woman, a decomposable model of the brain in wood and ivory, and some waxes. In 1830, thanks to the work of Luigi Rolando, the collection was increased by new finds and opened to the public for the first time. These expansions included some of what is now the Museo Egizio of Turin.
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Finally, the quaternary structure derives from the aggregation of polypeptide subunits based on the ternary structures. It is this final structure that allows each protein to serve its unique role, be it oxygen transport for hemoglobin or antigen detection for antibodies. In this partially decomposable emergent system, each level involves a configuration of components from lower levels, but the biochemical constraints operative on each level are unique to that level and only operate once that level has emerged during the process of folding. The fully emergentist version of the UCM emphasizes the ways in which language learning and processing is constrained by processes operating at divergent structural levels in divergent time/process frames (MacWhinney, 2015a).
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In many cases the inequality indices mentioned above are computed from such segment data without evaluating the inequalities within the segments. The higher the number of segments (such as deciles instead of quintiles), the closer the measured inequality of distribution gets to the real inequality. (If the inequality within the segments is known, the total inequality can be determined by those inequality metrics which have the property of being "decomposable".) Quintile measures of inequality satisfy the transfer principle only in its weak form because any changes in income distribution outside the relevant quintiles are not picked up by this measures; only the distribution of income between the very rich and the very poor matters while inequality in the middle plays no role. Details of the three inequality measures are described in the respective Wikipedia articles.
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In any graph, a vertex separator is a set of vertices the removal of which leaves the remaining graph disconnected; a separator is minimal if it has no proper subset that is also a separator. According to a theorem of , chordal graphs are graphs in which each minimal separator is a clique; Dirac used this characterization to prove that chordal graphs are perfect. The family of chordal graphs may be defined inductively as the graphs whose vertices can be divided into three nonempty subsets A, S, and B, such that A ∪ S and S ∪ B both form chordal induced subgraphs, S is a clique, and there are no edges from A to B. That is, they are the graphs that have a recursive decomposition by clique separators into smaller subgraphs. For this reason, chordal graphs have also sometimes been called decomposable graphs.
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On the southern coast of the slope, Alvin and his friends Huck (a g'Kek), Pincer-Tip (a qheuen) and Ur-ronn (an urs) receive unexpected assistance from Uriel the smith in completing their summer project: a submarine to explore part of the Midden — an undersea subduction zone that destroys the form of anything placed on it. The Midden is where each of the races on Jijo sunk their starships, and where the races still continue to deposit the bodies of their dead and non-decomposable trash (all of which are called "dross"). In return for her assistance, Uriel requests that Alvin and his friends locate a hidden cache of galactic technology. Rety recovers from her injuries after the robot firefight and is sent to the Glade of Gathering where the council and a Rothen shuttle reside.
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General aggregation functions may be costly to compute when rolling up: if they cannot be determined from the cells of the cube, they must be computed from the base data, either computing them online (slow) or precomputing them for possible rollouts (large space). Aggregation functions that can be determined from the cells are known as decomposable aggregation functions, and allow efficient computation. For example, it is easy to support `COUNT, MAX, MIN,` and `SUM` in OLAP, since these can be computed for each cell of the OLAP cube and then rolled up, since on overall sum (or count etc.) is the sum of sub-sums, but it is difficult to support `MEDIAN`, as that must be computed for every view separately: the median of a set is not the median of medians of subsets. 350x350px Pivot allows an analyst to rotate the cube in space to see its various faces.
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The Problem Space Hypothesis contends that all goal-oriented behavior can be cast as search through a space of possible states (a problem space) while attempting to achieve a goal. At each step, a single operator is selected, and then applied to the agent’s current state, which can lead to internal changes, such as retrieval of knowledge from long-term memory or modifications or external actions in the world. (Soar’s name is derived from this basic cycle of State, Operator, And Result; however, it is no longer regarded as an acronym.) Inherent to the Problem Space Hypothesis is that all behavior, even a complex activity such as planning, is decomposable into a sequence of selection and application of primitive operators, which when mapped onto human behavior take ~50ms. A second hypothesis of Soar’s theory is that although only a single operator can be selected at each step, forcing a serial bottleneck, the processes of selection and application are implemented through parallel rule firings, which provide context-dependent retrieval of procedural knowledge.
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In his review (collected in The Present as History, 1953) Marxist Paul Sweezy joked that Hayek would have you believe that if there was an over-production of baby carriages, the central planners would then order the population to have more babies instead of simply warehousing the temporary excess of carriages and decreasing production for next year. The cybernetic arguments of Stafford Beer in his 1973 CBC Massey Lectures, Designing Freedom – that intelligent adaptive planning can increase freedom – are of interest in this regard, as is the technical work of Herbert A. Simon and Albert Ando on the dynamics of hierarchical nearly decomposable systems in economics – namely, that everything in such a system is not tightly coupled to everything else.See (full references on Herbert A. Simon entry) Simon's papers in his collected Models of Bounded Rationality, a qualitative discussion in his Sciences of the Artificial, and a full presentation of the mathematical theory by P.J. Courtois in his Decomposability: queueing and computer system applications (Academic Press, 1977). The papers in the section "The Structure of Causal Systems" of Vol.
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