Lock all doors and close windows, air vents, and fireplace dampers.
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As equipped, dampers, throttle and transmission response can be fine-tuned.
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Because of the M-sport package, this 530i had adaptive dampers.
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The MDX is already satisfyingly quick and doesn't really need active dampers.
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The repairs included devices called dampers that were meant to reduce the bounciness.
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"Your primary tools are the anti-roll bars, springs, and dampers," Rydholm says.
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Adaptive dampers kept the ride silky smooth and the monster's weight in check.
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It's also fitted with dual springs and suspension dampers as well as portal axles.
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The ride, thanks to the magnetic dampers, is entirely controlled and composed in daily usage.
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Volvo sells adaptive dampers and air springs, and they equipped our test car with this setup.
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Using GPS, electromechanical dampers and adjustable antiroll bars, BMW's adaptive suspension provides a serene ride quality.
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Active suspension dampers provide this mid-engine machine with the ride quality of a docile daily driver.
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The 2020 car will get stiffer rear bushings, which equal better grip, and new dampers for ride comfort.
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The suspension is calibrated toward sport with those adaptive dampers keeping things more comfortable than one might expect.
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"Your primary tools are the anti-roll bars, springs, and dampers," says Polestar engineer and test driver Joakim Rydholm.
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There's a reason audio fiends isolate the turntable from the speakers and other vibrations using cork and other dampers.
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The wall-mounted BeoSound Shape is assembled from three flavors of hexagonal tiles: speakers, amplifiers, and echo-absorbing noise dampers.
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And yet, an upgrade path with General Motors' HiPer Strut front suspension and adjustable dampers is but an option box away.
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And though it has the amenities for street driving, the adaptive dampers can't hide that this Mustang was built to go fast.
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Inside each pylon, adjustable lateral and vertical dampers would absorb small changes between pylons caused by extremes of temperature or shifting ground.
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Click here to view original GIFTall buildings often have tuned mass dampers hidden inside their structures to stabilize them against the wind.
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Ride stiffness is the most apparent, as the reactions of shock absorbers (or more precisely, dampers) are adjusted to suit road surfaces.
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Despite the magnetic dampers being capable of softening the suspension for more compliant road manners, they seem dead-set on keeping things firm.
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Those tuned mass dampers are huge and heavy and help limit a building's movement by swaying in the opposite direction of the building.
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Swapping in a set of stiffer dampers would help tighten things up and maybe bring back a little of that original Eclipse spirit.
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Fiat takes Mazda's magical chassis and gives it unique springs, dampers and antiroll bars for a bit more compliance, yet less body roll.
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They hired a house inspector who told them the fireplaces and chimneys needed to be repointed and the dampers had to be rebuilt.
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The standard equipment list included power steering, automatic transmission, two-mode rear dampers, radio, Connolly Vaumol leather trim, and fold-down rear back rest.
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With 152 horsepower and 20183 pound-feet of torque, the Sport gets no additional power, but the suspension is upgraded with shock-absorbing Stablex dampers.
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Aerodynamic aids are swiped from racing Vettes, and magnetic ride control dampers guarantee that every centimeter of the available summer performance tires bites the road.
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Exhaust duct dampers closed rapidly and limited the atmospheric release, but a large area in the repository was contaminated, shutting the facility for nearly three years.
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Then they put screws and playing cards between strings, put duct tape over the dampers, put bricks on the sustain pedal, and other sorts of odd customizations.
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Finally, Arup placed a series of large tuned mass dampers — similar to shock absorbers on a car — on the underside of the bridge to control the bounce.
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The game's screens are a dancing orgy of numbers, on which you can change the very slightest details, from spring rates to compression ratios on the dampers.
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Economy shuts off a lot of boost to the air dampers and the steering, so the XC60's ride gets less flexible and its steering grows some resistance.
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It not only changes the steering, transmission, throttle and stability control characteristics, but also alters the M2400i's adaptive dampers and retunes the musical note burbling from the dual exhaust.
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Tariffs and trade are the two most prominent dampers on the stock market's gains, but if they go right, they could become its biggest drivers, CNBC's Jim Cramer said Monday.
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As a result, a series of "dampers" — large plates with springs — will be attached to the underside of the bridge, acting as shock absorbers and cutting the bounce roughly in half.
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ClearMotion's Activalve system is an electrohydraulic unit the size of a softball that works with the car's existing shocks, and counteracts road disturbances by putting pressure on the dampers in milliseconds.
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"As people walk across the bridge, their motion causes the tuned mass dampers to vibrate, and that vibration causes energy to be dissipated," said Tom Wilcock, an associate principal at Arup.
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When it does hit its redline, you shift using an old-fashioned six-speed manual transmission.. Out on the track, the magnetic dampers and updated tires make good use of the power.
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Vibracoustic makes anti-vibration components and modules, such as engine mounts and dampers and says it has a global market share in anti-vibration solutions for the car industry of 18 percent.
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The new X3 retains the same basic suspension setup as the outgoing model, including five-link rear independent suspension, although adjustable dampers are now available on all models, including the base X3.
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Raising the dampers allows the strings to resonate, while the "una corda" lever physically shifts the keyboard so that, of the double strings provided for each note, only single strings are struck.
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We know it's not an easy conversation because the moment Aaron and Ana Torres (Francia Raisa) disagree on the topic, people are yelling, feelings are being hurt, and dampers are put on parties.
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The vehicle features an "adaptive triple volume air suspension" with a 48-volt electric "anti-roll control system" and electronic active dampers to provide groundbreaking ability never before seen in an Aston Martin.
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He also talked to her of the Maestro: his love of cars, the telephone, the phonograph, speedboats, and how he had worked at night, with dampers on the keys, so the family could sleep.
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Perhaps it's the magnetic dampers, which adjust the stiffness of the suspension using electromagnets up to 2215,24.5 times per second to keep the ATS-V smooth when cruising and knife-sharp on a hairpin.
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Using iron filings in the dampers that respond to electromagnets coiled around them, the suspension can adjust its stiffness 25,53 times per second as you go around corners to keep the car flat and stable.
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And if you don't have one of those swankier toilet seats that slowly lowers on its own, the SmartNūdge includes dampers so that the seat doesn't come crashing down with a loud slam each time.
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In particular, I was afraid that with Twitch no longer growing like a weed (merely like a regular plant), that could put some dampers on the wild speculation about the future of the streaming business.
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The crowding in the detention centers is self-evident, and the physical and emotional conditions that migrants endure there and on their journeys—hunger, dehydration, filth, stress, sleep deprivation, and anguish—are known immunological dampers.
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Customers will also new options for the sports package, which will include black wheel arch surrounds and a suspension with specific dampers, springs and stabilizers, lowered suspension, a widened track and 20-inch light alloy wheels.
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The decline in retail stocks in the fourth quarter of 2015 has been one of the biggest dampers on the stock market, as many companies were feeling the pain of not moving winter merchandise due to the warm weather.
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Granted, the prototype I drove included the optional, $23,22 "Performance Pack," which provides Brembo brakes, 20.3-inch alloy wheels, and a set of Öhlins suspension dampers that are tuned manually at each wheel, to better balance the car in the corners.
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You need to be confident you can make it in this game and that means jumping in and helping at every level when it's needed – I've cleaned cars and tires, built up dampers, helped replace gearboxes and made the tea!
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Fire dampers can be found in the same places as smoke dampers, depending on the application of the area after the firewall. Unlike smoke dampers, they are not triggered by any electrical system (which is an advantage in case of an electrical failure where the smoke dampers would fail to close). Vertically mounted fire dampers are gravity operated, while horizontal fire dampers are spring powered. A fire damper's most important feature is a mechanical fusible link which is a piece of metal that will melt or break at a specified temperature.
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When steam was admitted, the dampers were immediately opened simultaneously. The dampers could also be manually operated from the footplate, independently of the automatic cylinder. The primary reason for dampers was to prevent the elements from possible overheating and damage while the regulator was closed. Once experience showed these precautions to be unnecessary, all such dampers were discarded.
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The 2CV had a design brief to be able to be driven at speed over a ploughed field. It originally featured friction dampers and tuned mass dampers. Later models had tuned mass dampers at the front with telescopic dampers/shock absorbers front and rear. The British Motor Corporation was also an early adopter of interconnected suspension.
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These dampers may be manual or automatic. Zone dampers provide automatic control in simple systems while variable air volume (VAV) allows control in sophisticated systems.
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Ruskin Company is a manufacturer of air control solutions. It was founded in the Ruskin Heights area of Kansas City in 1958. Ruskin products include fire dampers, smoke dampers, fire/smoke dampers, air control dampers, louvers, aluminum sunshades, air monitoring stations, economizers, energy recovery ventilators, high efficiency OEM fans, duct silencers, sound panels for equipment enclosures, industrial and tunnel ventilation dampers, and air curtains. The Ruskin Company brands include Ruskin, Reliable, Lau, Eastern Sheet Metal, Actionair, Air Diffusion, Naco, Ruskin Sound Control, and Ruskin Rooftop Systems.
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Two of these dampers were equipped with laser gauges for ongoing monitoring. Testing, development and installation of these spring dampers was carried out by specialists European Springs.
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As a cost reduction measure, the use of twin-spring dampers were banned with teams required to use linear spring dampers. A new specification of transaxle developed by Xtrac was introduced.
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These were the combination of two disk diameters: and and as either single or multiplate designs. Single dampers had two friction surfaces: a single arm on one side was nested between two arms connected to the other. Multiplate dampers had two and three arms on each side. Dampers were mounted to the chassis and axle through Silentbloc bushes at each end.
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The new model came in "Sport" and "Super" trims. The Sport had a slightly lowered ride height and more aggressive dampers while the Super had the option of wooden trim and electronically controlled dampers and seat controls.
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On the SAR, the use of superheater dampers was discontinued c. 1924.
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Also, it has a device which allows the performer to raise all the dampers (like the modern damper pedal), and another that will only raise the treble dampers (a typical feature on many early pianos). See Piano pedals.
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NFPA 105 requires that "if a damper is not operable, repairs shall begin as soon as possible".NFPA 105-7 6.6.3 The repair of smoke dampers is more complicated as compared to fire dampers due to actuator replacement.
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Viennese pianos, including Graf's, are known for effective damping of sound after the key is released. Graf achieved this result by a variety of means. The dampers were graded in size (larger in the bass), and used different materials for different ranges (wool in the treble, leather in the bass). The weight of the dampers was also controlled: dampers for lower notes were made of a heavier wood (beech), vs.
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Many applications have been proposed using magnetorheological (MR) dampers. While vehicle applications are the most common use of MR dampers, useful medical applications have risen as well, including implants and rehabilitation methods. Since MR dampers are not yet perfect, they are limited in terms of application. Disadvantages do exist when using a large scale MR damper, for example, particle settling within the carrier fluid may occur that inhibits some possible application.
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An opposed-blade, motor-operated zone damper, shown in the "open" position. Ducting systems must often provide a method of adjusting the volume of air flow to various parts of the system. Volume control dampers (VCDs; not to be confused with smoke/fire dampers) provide this function. Besides the regulation provided at the registers or diffusers that spread air into individual rooms, dampers can be fitted within the ducts themselves.
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Ferrofluids have friction-reducing capabilities. If applied to the surface of a strong enough magnet, such as one made of neodymium, it can cause the magnet to glide across smooth surfaces with minimal resistance. Ferrofluids can also be used in semi-active dampers in mechanical and aerospace applications. While passive dampers are generally bulkier and designed for a particular vibration source in mind, active dampers consume more power.
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Like the second style of electrical zone damper, these dampers may allow adjustment of the "closed" position. Highly sophisticated systems may use some form of building automation such as BACnet or LonWorks to control the zone dampers. The dampers may also support positions other than fully open or fully closed and are usually capable of reporting their current position and, often, the temperature and volume of the air flowing past the smart damper. Regardless of the style of damper employed, the systems are often designed so that when no thermostat is calling for air, all dampers in the system are opened.
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The chassis is recalibrated with specific tuning for stabilizer bar, springs, and Magnetic Ride dampers.
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Fire dampers are fitted where ductwork passes through fire compartment walls and fire curtains as part of a fire control strategy. In normal circumstances, these dampers are held open by means of fusible links. When subjected to heat, these links fracture and allow the damper to close under the influence of the integral closing spring. The links are attached to the damper such that the dampers can be released manually for testing purposes.
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The small black objects attached to the cables are Stockbridge dampers on this 400 kV power line near Castle Combe, England High-tension lines often have small barbell-shaped Stockbridge dampers hanging from the wires to reduce the high-frequency, low- amplitude oscillation termed flutter.
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In older motorcycles adjustable friction dampers had been routinely installed. Hydraulically operated steering dampers may be retrofitted. In some jurisdictions, the installation and operation of a steering damper must be inspected by an expert or examiner and must be entered in the vehicle papers.Bundesverband der Motorradfahrer e.
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Canadian wind dampers hold sway over world's tallest condos. The Canada Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
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The ECU will compensate for this by changing the strength of the current to the appropriate dampers.
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Adaptive dampers and triple chamber air springs are both standard, offering a significant range of height adjustment.
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Dellner is a Swedish manufacturer of rail vehicle and other industrial components including couplers, dampers and brakes.
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Traditional springs and dampers are referred to as passive suspensions — most vehicles are suspended in this manner.
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Two main types are linear and rotary. Linear dampers resemble a telescoping shock absorber and operate in a similar manner. They can be aligned either longitudinally and to one side of the steering, or transversely across the bike. Rotary dampers resemble small boxes and operate via a rotating pivot.
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The mass dampers control horizontal as well as vertical oscillations — a feature only required on very slender bridges. There is provision for the addition of further dampers when the issue of maintenance arises. The clearance (heading) below the decking on the navigable part of the river is 8 m.
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These dampers are finding increased usage in the US and already leases to some foreign brands, mostly in more expensive vehicles. This system was in development for 25 years. The damper fluid contains metallic particles. Through the onboard computer, the dampers' compliance characteristics are controlled by an electromagnet.
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Live-line working using hot stick tools meant it was possible to retrofit dampers to lines while energised.
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Changes to the suspension system consisted of Alpina specific dampers and Eibach springs with no other major changes.
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The SM8 had a suspension of leaf springs with dampers at the front and rear. A Renault TRM4000.
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However, in most applications "fail safe" indicates the damper will close upon loss of power thus preventing the spread of smoke and fire to other areas. These dampers also may allow adjustment of the "closed" position so that they only obstruct, for example, 75% of the air flow when closed. For vacuum-operated or pneumatically operated zone dampers, the thermostat usually switches the pressure or vacuum on or off, causing a spring-loaded rubber diaphragm to move and actuate the damper. As with the second style of electrical zone dampers, these dampers automatically return to the default position without the application of any power, and the default position is usually "open", allowing air to flow.
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Selex Competition was a Spanish constructor of racing cars under various brands. The company currently produces dampers and shocks.
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Anti-galloping measures such as automatic stowing and external dampers must be implemented. For more information, see this paper.
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The kit contains: 1 pair of front dampers, 1 pair of front progressive rate springs, 1 pair of rear dampers, 1 pair of rear progressive rate springs. Because of the similarities between the Sera, Paseo/Cynos, & Starlet GT, other parts such as swaybars, strut bars, other braces and brakes can be retrofitted.
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The group's subsidiary are held by Dellner Invest, and as of 2015 includes Dellner (train couplers); and Dellner Components (component manufacturer); and a 'Dellner Industrial' subholding including : Dellner Dampers (dampers for railway and other applications); Dellner Brakes (brake systems for industrial applications, and shipping); Dellner Woodville (flexible couplings for rail and other industries).
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Class 185 (technical information), Siemens p.4 Component suppliers included Dellner (couplings), ZF (dampers), SKF (bearings), Westinghouse Brakes (braking systems).
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The Skyhook system uses aluminium-bodied gas dampers, allowing automatic and continuous damping rate adjustment by means of proportioning valves.
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The damping rate for frictional dampers has less than ideal behaviour for car suspension. An ideal suspension would offer more damping to greater suspension forces, with less damping at low speeds for a smoother ride. Frictional dampers though had a mostly constant rate. This was even greater when stationary, owing to stiction between stationary plates.
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Certified 19 January 1951. ;O-470-11B : at 2600 rpm, dry weight , identical to the 0-470-11 but with 0-470-15 cylinders and pistons. Certified 19 January 1951. ;O-470-13 : at 2600 rpm, dry weight , one fifth and one sixth order dampers or two sixth order dampers. Certified 19 January 1951.
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This helps the two bogies to align themselves equally underneath the vehicle body. The vertical forces are absorbed entirely by the steel springs. As the springs have relatively soft characteristics, hydraulic vertical dampers must also be installed for vibration damping at higher speeds than , along with longitudinal dampers. Lateral damping is not normally required.
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The Triplex damper system in the Jesko Unlike its predecessors, the high-downforce variant of the Jesko has Koenigsegg's 'Triplex' dampers at the front and the rear combined with traditional Öhlins dampers. A rear horizontal rear damper prevents the rear from pressing on the ground during hard acceleration. The front dampers stabilise the car at high speeds while an active rear steering ensures further stability at all performance levels. The carbon tub used in the Jesko is longer and wider from that of its predecessor in order for more passenger room.
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Contemporary and earlier instruments by Johann Andreas Stein, liked and played by Mozart, do have the knee levers for the dampers.
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The Appia Berlina used unibody construction. Front suspension was of Lancia's sliding pillar type, with hydraulic dampers. At the rear there was a solid axle on leaf springs, with hydraulic dampers; the axle had an aluminium differential housing and a stamped steel structure. All Appias were equipped with hydraulic brakes, and drums an all four wheels.
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The only piano Mozart ever owned was one by Anton Walter, c. 1782-1785. It had two knee levers; the one on the left raised all the dampers, while the one on the right raised only the treble dampers. A moderator stop to produce a softer sound (see Other pedals, above) was centrally above the keyboard.Williams 2002:35.
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Head said in an interview on race morning that "It's a bodge frankly. We've put steel mechanical springs and dampers on. We've changed the front struts into dampers, designed some new bits and pieces which we machined up overnight. We did some new pistons for the front struts...it's a bit of a bodge as I said".
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The adaptive suspension of the road car was replaced by adjustable racing dampers, while larger brakes with extra cooling ducts were added.
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The suspension of all Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters cars is upper and lower wishbones, pushrod operated and coupled with adjustable gas pressure dampers.
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The RXC uses double wishbone suspension on the front and rear axles, with interchangeable and adjustable anti-roll bars and Intrax dampers.
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The early Vauxhall cars used the same Spax dampers with manual adjusters as the Fords, with an option to adjustable spring platforms.
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At the rear, the donor Moto Guzzi or Honda motorcycle suspension was used with its twin coil over dampers, brakes, and transfer case.
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Owing to the weight of the casing, de Ram dampers were always mounted to the chassis, with a single arm to the axle.
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Parts like the gearbox, clutch, dampers and rear wing are identical in all DTM cars. This also keeps a lid on development costs.
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Unfortunately this caused an extra delay of a month in the opening of the bridge, since the contractor initially mounted the dampers incorrectly.
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The Dutch roll is dampened out and the aircraft becomes stable about the yaw axis. Because Dutch roll is an instability that is inherent to all swept-wing aircraft, most swept-wing aircraft have some sort of yaw damper system installed. There are two types of yaw dampers: series yaw dampers and parallel yaw dampers. The servo actuator of a parallel yaw damper will actuate the rudder independently of the rudder pedals while the servo actuator of a series yaw damper is clutched to the rudder control quadrant and will result in pedal movement when the system commands the rudder to move.
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A register's damper provides a critical function. Primarily, the damper allows for the amount of hot or cool air into a room to be controlled, providing for more accurate control over room temperature. Dampers also allow for air to be shut off in unused rooms, improving the efficiency of the HVAC system. Dampers can also help adjust a HVAC system for seasonal use.
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1970 Maserati Indy 4200 The Indy used unibody construction. The suspension layout was shared with the Ghibli. At the front there were double wishbones, with coaxial hydraulic dampers and coil springs, and an anti-roll bar. At the rear there was a live axle with semi-elliptic springs, a single longitudinal torque arm, hydraulic dampers and an anti-roll bar.
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The passive damping tools can be divided into constrained layer damping tools and tuned mass dampers. The tuned mass dampers transmit the vibration energy to an extra unit on the structure and maintain the unit under focus to be stable. One typical example is the SilentTools provided by Sandvik Coromant AB in Sweden. The technology is developed by researchers in Norway.
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The gear ratio between the motors and wheels was also changed and dampers were fitted between the locomotive body and the bogies. 143 120 was rebuilt into 114 301 with a maximum speed of . This did not require changes to the gear ratio or the fitting of dampers. Both rebuilt locomotives were tested in test service and normal use around Magdeburg.
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MSM actuator elements can be used where fast and precise motion is required. Possible application fields are robotics, manufacturing, medical surgery, valves, dampers, sorting.
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The C7's suspension consists of independent unequal- length double wishbones with transverse fiberglass mono-leaf springs and optional magnetorheological dampers, similar to its predecessor.
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The suspension consisted of all round independent, unequal-length double wishbones and coil over gas dampers assisted by anti-roll bars. Ground clearance was about .
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When equipped with 18 mm. spark plugs, it is designated 0-470-7A. ;O-470-11 : at 2600 rpm, dry weight , two sixth order dampers.
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The drum brakes operated on all four wheels. Suspension was traditional, involving rigid axles front and back with semi-elliptic leaf springs and “friction dampers”.
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The dampers are filled with magnetorheological fluid, a mixture of easily magnetized iron particles in a synthetic hydrocarbon oil. In each of the monotube dampers is a piston containing two electromagnetic coils and two small fluid passages through the piston. The electromagnets are able to create a variable magnetic field across the fluid passages. When the magnets are off, the fluid travels through the passages freely.
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A similar aeolian phenomenon is flutter, caused by vortices on the leeward side of the wire, and which is distinguished from gallop by its high-frequency (10 Hz), low- amplitude motion. To control flutter, transmission lines may be fitted with tuned mass dampers (known as Stockbridge dampers) clamped to the wires close to the towers. The use of bundle conductor spacers can also be of benefit.
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Many subjects did not respond well, experiencing dizziness and other ill effects. One of the chief engineers Leslie Robertson worked with Canadian engineer Alan G. Davenport to develop viscoelastic dampers to absorb some of the sway. These viscoelastic dampers, used throughout the structures at the joints between floor trusses and perimeter columns, along with some other structural modifications reduced the building sway to an acceptable level.
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The main portions of the fibreglass body were bonded directly to the chassis, increasing stiffness. Suspension was independent all around, with wishbones and coil-over dampers in front and lateral links and trailing arms with coil-over dampers in the rear. Other components were sourced from the parts bins of a variety of major manufacturers. The front uprights were from the Mini, with the spindles cut off.
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Yaw dampers were stiffened, and doubled up on each side for a total of four yaw dampers on each truck, for redundancy in case of a high-speed failure. As a result of earlier testing and computer simulations, transverse dampers were stiffened on the power trucks. The 1981 test campaign provided valuable data and computer models for interaction of the pantograph with the catenary contact wire, and shed light on the very sensitive dynamics. Very large vertical wire excursion (over 30 cm, or 1 foot) had been observed in the 1981 tests, and were blamed on the pantograph catching up with the travelling wave it set up in the contact wire.
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When cornering, the two biggest limiting factors are downforce and body-roll. Body-roll occurs when the centripetal inertia forces experienced in cornering overload the shock dampers on the outside side of the vehicle, causing the body to ‘lean’, or roll to one side. In conventional suspension designs, having the shock dampers extend perpendicularly from the body creates an increased capacity for body- roll, as forces act directly upwards into the coils. In pull-rod suspension designs, however, having the wishbones and dampers mounted transversely and in line with the body instead translates these forces longitudinally, leaving less room for body-roll and greatly improving cornering grip.
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Interior of German mechanical fire damper inside of a galvanised steel duct. Fire dampers are passive fire protection products used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) ducts to prevent the spread of fire inside the ductwork through fire-resistance rated walls and floors. Fire/smoke dampers are similar to fire dampers in fire resistance rating, and also prevent the spread of smoke inside the ducts. When a rise in temperature occurs, the fire damper closes, usually activated by a thermal element which melts at temperatures higher than ambient but low enough to indicate the presence of a fire, allowing springs to close the damper blades.
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Ferrofluid based dampers solve both of these issues and are becoming popular in the helicopter community, which has to deal with large inertial and aerodynamic vibrations.
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The suspension also automatically accommodates differing payloads in the car- with four people and cargo on board the wheelbase increases by around 4 cm (2 in) as the suspension deflects, and the castor angle of the front wheels increases by as much as 8 degrees thus ensuring that ride quality, handling and road holding are almost unaffected by the additional weight. On early cars friction dampers (like a dry version of a multi-plate clutch design) were fitted at the mountings of the front and rear swinging arms to the cross-tubes. Because the rear brakes were outboard, they had extra tuned mass dampers to damp wheel bounce from the extra unsprung mass. Later models had tuned mass dampers ("batteurs") at the front (because the leading arm had more inertia and "bump/thump" than the trailing arm), with hydraulic telescopic dampers / shock absorbers front and rear.
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A mechanical network is an abstract interconnection of mechanical elements along the lines of an electrical circuit diagram. Elements include rigid bodies, springs, dampers, transmissions, and actuators.
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Artificial feel and autostabilisation in the form of pitch and yaw dampers were provided, as well as an auto mach trimmer.Aircrew Manual pt. 1, ch. 7, paras.
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Some fire sirens are fitted with brakes and dampers, enabling them to sound out codes as well. These units tended to be unreliable, and are now uncommon.
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With the application of a large electric field the viscosity of the suspension increases. Potential applications of these fluids include shock absorbers, engine mounts and acoustic dampers.
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The blower door fan is temporarily sealed into an exterior doorway using the door panel system. All interior doors are opened, and all exterior doors and windows are closed. HVAC balancing dampers and registers are not to be adjusted, and fireplaces and other operable dampers should be closed. All mechanical exhaust devices in the home, such as bathroom exhaust, kitchen range hood or dryer, should be turned off.
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Blast Damper with integral grill to shield against flying objects A blast damper is used to protect occupants and equipment of a structure against overpressures resultant of an explosion. The blast dampers normally protect air inlets and exhaust penetrations in an otherwise hardened structure. Blast dampers are related or identical to blast valves, the latter name is generally used to describe blast mitigation devices as they relate to nuclear explosions.
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The usual Daimler large cruciform chassis had a double wishbone front suspension, with laminated torsion bars, telescopic dampers, and an anti-roll bar, while the rear suspension used leaf springs with telescopic dampers. All cars featured automatic chassis lubrication to 21 points, using a pump controlled by exhaust heat at startup. Cam and peg steering was used, and Girling hydro-mechanical brakes: hydraulic front, mechanical rear. The cars had an wheelbase.
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In addition to the company's expertise in simulation they were also the exclusive manufacturer of Pall friction dampers. The company manufactured dampers which today protect institutions around the world. Some notable institutions include the Boeing manufacturing building in Everett, the Casino of Montreal and the Canadian embassy in Tehran. Mexhtronix also fabricated the test rig that was used to test the Canada Space arm and numerous other highly challenging engineered products.
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These two FR layout models are separated by the type of rear suspension selected. The front suspension on both models are based on parts from Ford Sierra, wishbones from DAX and Spax coil-over dampers. The Spax dampers are also used in the rear suspension. Both the De Dion and IRS rear suspension systems are based on parts from Ford Sierra and Scorpio Granada, and Dax's own suspension design.
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The vertical hinge, called the lead-lag hinge or drag hinge, allows the blade to move back and forth. This movement is called lead-lag, dragging, or hunting. Dampers are usually used to prevent excess back and forth movement around the drag hinge. The purpose of the drag hinge and dampers is to compensate for acceleration and deceleration caused by the difference in drag experienced by the advancing and retreating blades.
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This may be marked with senza sordini ("without dampers"), or similar wording. In General MIDI, the sustain pedal information is controlled by Control Change number 64 (CC 64).
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The 1999 and 2000 Vauxhall cars had linear coil springs over Bilstein (rather than Spax) dampers, again with the option of adjustable spring platforms, to optimise corner-weighting.
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The J range had a suspension of leaf springs with dampers and anti-roll bars at the front and rear. The steering is a worm and sector setup.
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Since only the brakes on the driving wheels can easily be inboard, the Citroën 2CV had inertial dampers on its rear wheel hubs to damp only wheel bounce.
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Throughout the Classical era, even when the more flexible knee levers or pedals had been installed, the lifting of all the dampers was used primarily as a coloristic device.
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"Design and Dynamic Characterization of Composite Material Dampers for Parting-Off Tools." Journal of Machine Engineering 10.2 (2010): 57-70. Sundstrom, Erik W. "Cutting tool." U.S. Patent No. 4,311,075.
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The results were compromised, as one of the dampers was magnetically contaminated. A follow-up GGTS mission was lost due to a launch vehicle failure on August 28, 1966.
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Multiple zones can be implemented using either multiple, individually controlled furnaces/air handlers or a single furnace/air handler and multiple zone dampers. Each approach has advantages and disadvantages.
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In 2018 the noise- attenuating equipment project for Sredneuralskaya GRES was completed. Late in 2017 power unit No.10 was equipped with 10 noise dampers. In 2018 power units No.9 and No.11 of Sredneuralskaya GRES were equipped with 12 noise dampers which allow minimising noise from outgoing HP steam. These devices are designed to reduce the noise load from steam emission into the atmosphere during power unit start-up and shut-down.
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1965 Giulietta Spider Veloce engine The Alfa Romeo Giulietta used unibody construction and a front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout. Front suspension was by control arms, with coaxial coil springs and hydraulic dampers. At the rear there was a solid axle on coil springs and hydraulic dampers. The axle was located by a longitudinal link on each side, and by a wishbone-shaped arm linking the top of the aluminium differential housing to the chassis.
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The system consists of dampers on either sides of the car which are hydraulically linked which allows the car to resist roll. The dampers have been divided into sections for rebound and compression. The front damper's compression is linked to the rear damper's rebound. The pressure is gathered in an accumulator which is controlled using gas pressure, by adjusting the pressure in each accumulator, the stiffness of the suspension is adjusted for different driving conditions.
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The friction disk pattern was invented by Truffault, before 1900. These used oiled leather friction surfaces between bronze disks compressed by adjustable conical springs, with the disk pack floating between arms to both chassis and axle, in the distinctive style. From 1904 these were licensed to several makers including Mors, who had first applied shock absorbers to cars, and Hartford in the US. Similar dampers were also applied as steering dampers from this early date.
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Suspension was made of leaf springs on both axles, with telescopic dampers on front and anti-roll bar on rear. The trucks had a 38-tonne GVW as a maximum.
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Dual yaw dampers are required and a failed yaw damper is cause for limiting flight to low altitudes, and possibly lower Mach numbers, where the Dutch roll stability is improved.
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After constructing racing cars Selex returned to constructing dampers and shocks which they still produce today. In 1998 Selex left their workshop in Barcelona and moved to Les Franqueses del Vallès.
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The mixing plenum normally combines two air streams, and includes for three sets of dampers: one for the fresh air, one for the exhaust air, and a mixing damper between the two air streams. The mix of fresh air and recirculated air can thus be adjusted to suit the needs of the building's occupants. Most systems will use motorized dampers to control the air mixing, and controlled by the building management system (BMS), or controls system. Typically as the fresh air and exhaust air dampers are driven from 0% open to 100% open, the mixing damper will in turn be driven from 100% open to 0% open, so as to always ensure a constant volume of supply and extract air.
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There are thus normally two dampers per span, though more can be installed if necessary on longer spans. Overhead transmission lines form a catenary for which vibration is predominately in the vertical plane. When more than one plane of vibration is anticipated, Stockbridge dampers may be mounted at right angles to each other. This is common when the cable runs in a vertical or off-horizontal plane, for example in cable-stayed bridges or radio mast guy-wires.
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Experiments also were done to evaluate how much sway occupants could comfortably tolerate; however, many subjects experienced dizziness and other ill effects. One of the chief engineers Leslie Robertson worked with Canadian engineer Alan G. Davenport to develop viscoelastic dampers to absorb some of the sway. These viscoelastic dampers, used throughout the structures at the joints between floor trusses and perimeter columns along with some other structural modifications, reduced the building sway to an acceptable level.
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Manufacturer data indicates that the use of CFRP saves over equivalent aluminum materials. LFA chassis cutaway display An electric power steering rack with a 14.3:1 gear ratio is used. The front suspension utilises a double- wishbone arrangement and there is a multi-link arrangement at the rear with coil-over dampers at all wheels. The dampers are a monotube design, each with a remote fluid reservoir that includes an expanding and contracting bellows: a purely mechanical system.
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Between each segment is a two-story-tall section without any windows or interior space, allowing wind gusts to pass through rather than around the building. These floors also contain modular mechanical services for the six floors above and below to reduce the number of ducts needed. To mitigate swaying even further, two tuned mass dampers are also located at the top of the tower, and several dampers are located in the outriggers of some of the mechanical floors.
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The interior of the cockpit was covered in fully moulded seat and trim sections, making it exceptionally comfortable and roomy. The rear suspension incorporated twin radius arms, parallel links, Armstrong adjustable dampers, and fully adjustable spherical bearings throughout. The front suspension was a double-wide-based wishbone design with Armstrong adjustable dampers and fully adjustable spherical bearings throughout. The coil spring units for both front and rear were mounted inboard with "Bowin variable rate spring control".
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The two in the middle are paired into a central bogie, sprung by a horizontal rubber cylinder block, that again consists of five smaller rubber cylinders separated by steel discs. These cylinders also serve as shock dampers, avoiding the problems caused by the oil dampers used with the AMR 33. The wheels in the front and back are independently sprung, again by a rubber cylinder block, but now consisting of four smaller cylinders. The sprocket is in the front.
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Linear dashpots — or linear dampers — are used to exert a force opposite to a translation movement. They are generally specified by stroke (amount of linear displacement) and damping coefficient (force per velocity).
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Nearly 400 small and medium leather units are placed in Ranipet. BHEL Ranipet Plant is manufacturing Boiler Auxiliary instruments such as, ESP, Fans, Gate & Dampers, FGD etc. to support Thermal Power Plant.
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Daghini, Lorenzo, Andreas Archenti, and Cornel Mihai Nicolescu. "Design, implementation and analysis of composite material dampers for turning operations." International Conference on Mechanical Engineering. 2009. Daghini, Lorenzo, Andreas Archenti, and Cornel Mihai Nicolescu.
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The B5 came with a softer suspension system which has shorter springs and modified dampers along with suspension arms. The dampers are electronically adjustable and have four settings namely Normal, Comfort, Sport and Sport +. The car has 20-inch multi-spoke alloy wheels with Michelin Pilot Sport tyres having sizes of 255/35ZR20 at the front and 285/30ZR20 at the rear. The steering system of the 550i was also modified in order for smoother handling and elimination of under and oversteer.
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Front suspension was of the double wishbone type. The upper wishbone consisted of a stamped steel control arm, the lower one of a stamped steel link and an adjustable forward radius rod. Coaxial coil springs and hydraulic dampers were attached to the upper wishbone; an anti-roll bar was fitted. On 2.0-litre cars, the rear suspension consisted of a rigid axle on semi-elliptic springs (single-leaf on the spider, two-leaf on the coupé) and twin hydraulic dampers on each side.
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The engine was placed in front of the front axle and powered front wheels through a 4-gear manual gearbox, identical with that of Syrena 100. The front suspension was not identical with that from the classic Syrena, but based on the same concept: independent with single transverse feathercoil, lower A-wishbones and hydraulic dampers. Single-circuit drum brakes were installed on all wheels. Specific for Syrena Sport was the independent rear suspension, with trailing arms, torsion bars and almost horizontal hydraulic dampers.
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Any cracking of the elastomer(rubber) would be an immediate indicator of the need to replace the unit. OE dampers must be balanced, unless acting as an external balancer (Harmonic Balancer), as the quality of materials (usually cast or sintered iron) do not lend themselves to acceptable/perfect balance specifications straight from manufacturing. Most aftermarket dampers are rebuildable, excluding the fluid type. When used in racing (drag, circle track, road race, etc.) they require regular inspection to ensure their proper function.
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The chassis used leaf springs at the rear and independent coil springing at the front. A control on the steering wheel centre adjusts the hardness of the rear springing by hydraulically adjusting the rear dampers. This is done via opening a check valve that provides pressure by diverting transmission oil to the dampers. A pedal-operated central lubrication system type Bijur-Girling allows oil to be applied to moving parts of the suspension from a central reservoir by using a foot pedal.
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By opening or closing the dampers, air flow can be increased or decreased, which can fan the fire in the firebox, or "dampen" it by restricting airflow and reducing the flames. The dampers can usually be accessed by turning knobs or handles attached to the damper. Some stoves adjust their own airflow using mechanical or electronic thermostatic devices. The highest heating efficiencies on closed appliances can be attained by controlling the various supplies of air to the stove (operating the air controls correctly).
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One proposal to reduce vibration on NASA's Ares solid fuel booster was to use 16 tuned mass dampers as part of a design strategy to reduce peak loads from 6g to 0.25g, the TMDs being responsible for the reduction from 1g to 0.25g, the rest being done by conventional vibration isolators between the upper stages and the booster. Spin stabilized satellites have nutation development at specific frequencies. Eddy current nutation dampers have flown on spin stabilized satellites to reduce and stabilize nutation.
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To protect blades from these high dynamic stresses, friction dampers are used. Blades of wind turbines and water turbines are designed to operate in different conditions, which typically involve lower rotational speeds and temperatures.
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The Spec 2 included the appearance mods from the Spec 1 along with adjustable dampers, adjustable sway bars, lowering springs, RTR exclusive exhaust system by MagnaFlow, custom tuning, cold air intake, and optional supercharger.
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Unique 2 speed automatic gear transmission for enhanced performance. Front suspension with hydraulic dampers for the most comfortable ride. Softer rear suspension for superior comfort for the pillion rider as well. Easy electric start.
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The empennage is conventional, with a braced tailplane mounted on top of the fuselage. The landing gear is a forward skid with elastic dampers and a single, fixed wheel aft of the centre of gravity.
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As with any other element of a building's passive fire protection system, smoke dampers need to be maintained, inspected and repaired to ensure they are in working order. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) requires the testing, maintenance and repair of smoke dampers as mandated in the Life Safety Code. NFPA 105 states [that] each damper shall be tested and inspected one year after installation. The test and inspection frequency shall then be every 4 years, except in hospitals, where the frequency shall be every 6 years.
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Brunner gave the car a unique front suspension arrangement with its dampers positioned longitudinally at the height of the floor. Rial also developed its own gearbox for the ARC1. A total of three cars were built.
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The rated top speed was 105 Kilometers per hour. This motorcycle came with adjustable steering dampers made using cork and rubber and also had a small pneumatic hand pump made by Velamos fitted under the seat.
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The Post-War 27 h.p. Daimler, p.21 The upper arm was shorter than the lower and operated Luvax-Girling dampers. The track rods were pivoted to swing at the same radius as the suspension links.
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The company's patented Multimatic DSSV (Dynamic Suspensions Spool Valve) damping technology has a proven performance record in race, road and off-road applications. DSSV dampers are characterized by the use of spool valves in place of conventional flexible shims. Primary among benefits cited in the 2010 patent filing is the elimination of performance ambiguity associated with flexible shims, resulting in mathematically predictable, repeatable, and robust pressure-flow characteristics. Multimatic also claims damper-to-damper manufacturing variance within two percent in the case of their hand-built racing dampers (with closer-to-typical variance in road car applications), as compared to contemporary industry variance of up to twelve percent for shim dampers. Following the design's initial success with Newman/Haas Racing's title-winning 2002 CART season, Multimatic DSSV dampers have been series-mandated as the official damper of the Champ Car Atlantic Series in 2006–2007, the U.S. F2000 National Championship from 2011, the Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft (DTM) from 2012, Indy Lights from 2015; the GT500 class of Japan's Super GT series, Mazda MX-5 Cup (ND) from 2016, and the Pro Mazda Championship from 2018.
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Pipes are usually either supported from below or hung from above (but may also be supported from the side), using devices called pipe supports. Supports may be as simple as a pipe "shoe" which is akin to a half of an I-beam welded to the bottom of the pipe; they may be "hung" using a clevis, or with trapeze type of devices called pipe hangers. Pipe supports of any kind may incorporate springs, snubbers, dampers, or combinations of these devices to compensate for thermal expansion, or to provide vibration isolation, shock control, or reduced vibration excitation of the pipe due to earthquake motion. Some dampers are simply fluid dashpots, but other dampers may be active hydraulic devices that have sophisticated systems that act to dampen peak displacements due to externally imposed vibrations or mechanical shocks.
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They also made the decision to change the focus to manufacturing roller coasters. The company manufactures other steel products, including turbine power bases and enclosures, heavy weldments, machine bases, structural steel, louvers and dampers, and industrial equipment.
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Suspension can be described as 'stiff' with torsional rigidity enhanced by the inclusion of laterally mounted items described as "performance dampers" bearing both the STi logo and Yamaha. As a result, cornering can be described as excellent.
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Autoneum develops and produces lightweight components for acoustic and thermal management for vehicles. These include engine encapsulations, carpet systems and inner dashes for the passenger compartment, underbody systems, wheelhouse outer liners and heatshields as well as dampers.
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The engine was mated to an all-synchromesh 4-speed manual transmission with floor-mounted shifter. Neither an automatic or different engine options were offered. (technical data for 1970/71 models) Suspension was as on the Primula. At the front it consisted of A-arms and an upper transverse leaf spring, which doubled both as upper link and an anti-roll bar, as well as providing the attachment point for double-acting hydraulic dampers; at the rear there was a beam axle on longitudinal semi-elliptic leaf springs, plus double-acting hydraulic dampers.
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Smoke and fire dampers are found in ductwork where the duct passes through a firewall or firecurtain. Smoke dampers are driven by a motor, referred to as an actuator. A probe connected to the motor is installed in the run of the duct and detects smoke, either in the air which has been extracted from or is being supplied to a room, or elsewhere within the run of the duct. Once smoke is detected, the actuator will automatically close the smoke damper until it is manually re-opened.
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The optional Carbon-Ceramic brakes The 599 utilises magnetorheological semi-active dampers along with its suspension coils. The dampers function by a liquid within the damper reservoir which when subject to magnetic field within the liquid chamber, changes its viscosity. The function of the liquid along with the reaction and stability control are controlled through a knob on the steering wheel. The 599 came with cast iron brakes as standard while the carbon-ceramic brakes (a technology that was scarcely utilised in road cars at the time) were available as an option.
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Sound attenuators are typically located near ducted mechanical equipment, to attenuate noise which propagates down the duct. This creates a trade-off: the sound attenuator should be located near the fan and yet the air is typically more turbulent closer to fans and dampers. Ideally, sound attenuators should straddle the wall of the mechanical equipment room provided there are no fire dampers. If a sound attenuator is located over occupied space, the noise control engineer should confirm that duct breakout noise is not an issue prior to the attenuator.
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Power remained the same as the SRT-10 but the maximum speed was reduced to for the 2008-2009 models and in 2010 models with the redesigned wing endplates. The SRT10 ACR features a suspension system that includes adjustable coil-over racing dampers from KW Suspensions and two-way adjustable shocks. The dampers and forks are made from solid aluminum billet and are optimized for increased weight reduction and performance. Stopping power comes from StopTech two-piece, slotted lightweight rotors combined with the Viper SRT10's Brembo calipers.
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Fire damper deficiency: The installed annular clearance around the damper violates the certification listing The damper's certification listing is violated because the damper shares the opening with other through-penetrants and the drywall fire- separation is not continuous. In the US, the Joint Commission, State Fire Marshals and Other Authorities Having Jurisdiction (AHJ's), require some Fire and Smoke Dampers to be tested at specified intervals. Similarly, European authorities mandate maintenance and repairs of fire dampers also, as part of approvals or listings issued following successful testing of fire damper assemblies.
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The hand brake is also a disc brake, operating on the transmission. The Massif is fitted with parabolic suspension all round, as opposed to the coil springs of its contemporary the Land Rover Defender. The parabolic suspension system is arranged with double bladed springs on the front axle and four bladed springs on the rear axle. The Massif is fitted with hydraulic dampers on the front axle, gas dampers on the rear axle and anti-roll bars at both front and rear to give a compromise of on-road handling and off-road ability.
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Both methods are not only expensive, but also make the building stiffer and heavier while consuming valuable space. The Arup solution works by inserting Viscous Dampers into the St. Francis Shangri-La Place to act as energy absorbers and damp out vibrations. Viscous dampers connect deep reinforced concrete outriggers from the central core of each building to the perimeter columns at one level. The added damping so derived, in excess of 6% of critical controls wind-induced motions, achieving occupant comfort objectives, and reduces the design wind overturning moment by a factor of 1.7.
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A hydraulic control, with an inflatable rubber bag in the disk pack, could be used to increase the clamping force and thus their damping stiffness. One of the major reasons for the decline of frictional dampers post-war, in favour of hydraulic lever arms, was the hydraulic damper's better change of rate with suspension amplitude. Hydraulic dampers had a resistance that inherently increased with velocity of suspension movement, a far more useful behaviour. This useful inherent behaviour meant that manual adjustment was far less necessary, certainly not whilst driving.
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This approach caused the car to be extremely sensitive to pitch and roll necessitating a very stiff set-up. The "tub" is a monocoque type of carbon fibre construction encapsulating the driver, front suspension dampers and fuel cell. The cockpit area was reputed to be very small and cramped, in fact on the lower portion of the tub two external blisters are visible to allow the driver's heels to fit into the narrow space. The dampers were located in front of the driver's feet and were of 2 way adjustable Koni type.
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Steering was by rack-and-pinion. The suspension was independent at all four wheels via coil springs and telescopic dampers. The brakes were likewise disks at all four wheels. An anti-roll bar was mounted at the front.
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This lifting motion causes the piano wires to be struck and then stopped by damper pads when the key is released similar to an upright piano (although on a minipiano, the highest 13 notes do not have dampers).
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The suspension of all FIA Formula 3 Championship cars is upper and lower steel wishbones, pushrod operated, coupled with twin Koni dampers and torsion bars suspension (front) and spring suspension (rear) similar to current Formula One car suspension.
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This philosophy is based on the application of seismic damping systems for wooden buildings. The systems, which can be installed inside the walls of most wooden buildings, include strong metal frame, bracing and dampers filled with viscous fluid.
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Moreover, race specification dampers and springs set to the softest settings for comfortable road use were added. 18-inch GTR wheels were used instead of the standard 17-inch and the tyres used are Michelin Pilot Sport units.
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An adaptive base isolation system includes a tunable isolator that can adjust its properties based on the input to minimize the transferred vibration. Magnetorheological fluid dampers and isolators with Magnetorheological elastomer have been suggested as adaptive base isolators.
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André Hartford shock absorber Friction disk shock absorbers or André Hartford dampers were an early form of shock absorber or damper used for car suspension. They were commonly used in the 1930s but were considered obsolete post-war.
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The SX200 had new side panels with a single larger more pointed 'arrow' flash. It came with a front disc brake and dampers as standard. The engine was more heavily modified for the SX200 over the TV200 reaching 11hp.
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The suspension systems of stand-up scooters range from simplistic spring based fork systems to the complicated, dampened cam-link and C.I.D.L.ICantilevered Independent Dynamic Linkless Indespension suspension mechanisms or a hybrid combination of wooden deck, coil spring, and dampers.
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Advances in construction techniques have allowed skyscrapers to narrow in width, while increasing in height. Some of these new techniques include mass dampers to reduce vibrations and swaying, and gaps to allow air to pass through, reducing wind shear.
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The wheelbase is , the width and the length . The gearbox is a 3-speed manual unit. The suspension is made of longitudinal springs on front and transversal springs on rear. The dampers are hydraulic on both front and rear.
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The SP1 had a number of upgrades including a "traction control" front differential, a machined Duralumin engine mount, various blue anodized alloy parts and also a set of dampers which had a special coating on the inside to reduce friction.
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Steering dampers have been available for bicycles as well.. There is also a mechanism by the same name that consists only of a spring connected to the frame and the fork that merely provides a progressive torque to straighten the steering.
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The wire buttstock rod can be reshaped to allow use of 75-round RPK drum magazines even with the stock folded, and the weapon's internal mechanism can be tuned with aftermarket recoil dampers for smoother behaviour in full-auto mode.
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Modified spindle to accommodate bigger brakes. Rear: Live axle, upper and lower longitudinal arms, transverse Watts linkage, unique variable- rate coil springs and dampers, 24 mm anti-roll bar, tuned urethane upper and lower trailing arm bushes, delete self-levelling.
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The suspension wishbones are fabricated out of cold drawn seamless mild steel tubes. Sierra front uprights are used with some modification. At the rear fabricated uprights support Sierra rear hubs. Coilover dampers used for the design are available at specialist suppliers.
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It can accelerate from in 4.5 seconds, along with attaining a top speed of as tested by the manufacturer. The suspension uses steel springs and adaptive dampers and the gearbox is a 9-speed unit that uses a conventional torque converter.
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Hydraulic dampers that were not in the original design were added to all the WindSeeker installations to reduce the movement of the swings while in operation. The illustrations below show where the parts are located and what they look like.
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While mass dampers are often large, solid masses whose movements are controlled by hydraulic pistons, the damper in One Bennett Park will be a slosh tank damper, using a large tank of water to absorb and alleviate stress from lateral motion.
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The pantalon was a very large dulcimer with a double sounding board, approximately 6 ft (2 m) long, with about 200 strings of both gut and metal, some double- or triple-strung. It had no dampers, so the strings vibrated sympathetically, giving a rich resonating tone that was quite novel at the time and made a noticeable stir; the lack of dampers however made articulation difficult. Few instruments were constructed and very few survive.Pianoforte & pantalon Hebenstreit and his two best pupils Maximilian Hellmann and Johann Baptist Gumpenhuber were essentially the only virtuoso players of the instrument.
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The use of the tunnels required the turbochargers to be placed on top of the engine, exhausting out of the top of the bodywork in front of the windshield. The rear drivetrain is designed without traditional halfshafts that would be required to traverse the tunnels, opting instead for the epicyclic gearing system to work around the tunnels. The suspension geometry was carefully refined and consisted of adjustable Penske rear dampers and Öhlins front dampers along with a rear hydraulic anti-roll bar system. The Xtrac five-speed hydraulically-activated sequential gearbox was cast by a Michigan-based company.
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These used a lever arm which moved hydraulically damped vanes inside the unit. The main advantage over the friction disk dampers was that it would resist sudden movement but allow slow movement, whereas the rotary friction dampers tended to stick and then offer the same resistance regardless of speed of movement. There appears to have been little progress on commercialising the lever arm shock absorbers until after World War I, after which they came into widespread use, for example as standard equipment on the 1927 Ford Model A and manufactured by Houde Engineering Corporation of Buffalo, NY.
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The R/T model (Road/Track) debuted in the 1998 model year. Offered only with a 5-speed DOHC configuration, the R/T featured many of the ACR's mechanical upgrades including the numerically higher ratio 3.94 5-speed manual transmission, with the .81 5th gear and 130 mph speed limit. The R/T, however, was intended for the street, with more comfort and convenience features standard or available, and specialized parts like the adjustable dampers removed, although the dampers, as well as the front coil springs found on R/T models, were slightly stiffer, offering an advantage over standard model Neons.
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A more advanced slow speed control suitable for merry-go-round power station coal train operation has been fitted, as well as yaw dampers for a higher top speed. They have the same British standard lights as are fitted to the 59/1s.
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The Railway Equipment Division manufactures and supplies critical railway components such as, air brake systems, EP brake systems, draft gears and couplers, composition brake blocks, dampers and rubber components to the Indian Railways. The manufacturing facility is located in Sector 24, Faridabad.
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Adjusting is the final setting of balancing devices such as dampers and valves, adjusting fan speeds and pump impeller sizes, in addition to automatic control devices such as thermostats and pressure controllers to achieve maximum specified system performance and efficiency during normal operation.
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SUSPA GmbH is a manufacturer of gas springs, dampers, height adjustment systems, crash management systems and safety systems for many different industries. In 2014, the company, located in Altdorf near Nuremberg, Germany had approximately 208 million EUR in sales with 1,720 employees.
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The engine uses a redesigned hydrogen turbine. It uses an axial two-staged low pressure ratio subsonic turbine that operates at 65,000rpm, which is between the second and third critical speed. It rests on dual elastic support dampers around the ceramic ball bearings.
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Initially there were girder forks and sometimes Earles forks, but on later versions telescopic forks were used. At the rear there was a swinging arm with friction dampers, but these were replaced around 1954 by normal spring/damper elements with hydraulic shock absorbers.
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The 2007 model also includes less visible mechanical changes. The keyless entry system was improved. Reinforcements to the body shell improve overall chassis rigidity. The front dampers of the MacPherson strut suspension have been re-tuned to quicken steering response and reduce understeer.
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There he developed the V7 Sport and the small-block V50. In the 1970s, Tonti helped his longtime friend Reno Leoni in his efforts to fit Ducati fork dampers in the Moto Guzzi racer he was campaigning in American AMA Superbike racing.
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The design incorporates vibration dampers that greatly reduce the level of main rotor vibration transmitted to the cockpit. The design is noted for both its cruise speed of and range of . It was developed into the side-by-side configuration AutoGyro Cavalon.
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Two friction dampers had been added. And both wheels were replaced with 21-inch ones in accordance with the technical regulations of the races. The bike was good enough to help Franco Bertoni to win the 1948 Grand Prix of Nations at Monza.
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The suspension is by half-elliptical springs in front and behind, those at the back being underhung. The front springs are flat-set, held out-of-centre and shackled forward. Dampers are fitted front and back. The four-wheel brakes are cable operated.
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Exhaust steam was re-condensed instead of escaping and fed back to the boiler. The locomotive was intended to operate conventionally in the open, but in tunnels dampers would be closed and steam would be generated using the stored heat from the fire bricks.
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The car uses push rod suspension with remote reservoir Sachs dampers in the front and rear and carbon ceramic brakes with 6 piston calipers in the front and 4 piston in the rear. Power goes to the rear wheels through a six-speed manual transmission.
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Its suspension system uses BWI Group's magnetorheological dampers. Safety features include Bosch ESP 8.0 Electronic Stability Programme, which includes anti-lock braking system (ABS), electronic brakeforce distribution (EBD), Anti-Slip Regulation (ASR) and Electronic Differential Lock (EDL), front dual-stage airbags, and 'sideguard' curtain airbags.
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The building has two fluid tuned mass dampers, which are designed to damp building sway. Located on the 50th floor mechanical room, they have concrete walls, and measure wide by long and tall. One tank runs west-east and the other runs north-south.
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Pods are covered with transparent plastic sheets, with ventilation holes. Front and rear long dampers are provided to limit the impact acceleration in case of pods collision and to ease the association of pods to build 'pod trains' which could significantly improve overall aerodynamic efficiency.
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The body can be raised with integrated pneumatic jacks for easier servicing. The steering wheel features a color screen and employs the same technology as a Formula Renault 3.5 single-seat race car. The A110-50 has highly adjustable double wishbone suspension with Sachs dampers.
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Flame dampers prevented exhaust glow on night operations, but they had an effect on performance. Multiple ejector and open-ended exhaust stubs helped solve the problem and were used in the PR.VIII, B.IX, and B.XVI variants. This increased speed performance in the B.IX alone by .
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Location of Taipei 101's largest tuned mass damper Typically, the dampers are huge concrete blocks or steel bodies mounted in skyscrapers or other structures, and moved in opposition to the resonance frequency oscillations of the structure by means of springs, fluid or pendulums.
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The rear suspension was fully independent, with double wishbone and radius arm configuration, incorporating anti-squat characteristics. The car was fitted with Armstrong adjustable dampers and spring platform adjustment. Coil springs were used. A separate adjustable anti-roll bar was included in the suspension.
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Uses a TCM 639230A3 or 6006 fuel injector. Same as IO-360-A except for reduced compression ratio and rated power. The crankshaft has two 6th order dampers. ;IO-360-C : at 2800 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.5:1.
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Audi B7 RS 4The B7 RS 4 also incorporates Audi's "Dynamic Ride Control" (DRC) "Sports Suspension" mechanism. The dampers (shock absorbers) are made for Audi by KW, and central reservoirs/valves made by KYB (Kayaba). In the RS 4 suspension, a fluid hydraulic linkage between diagonally opposing front and rear suspension dampers (left front to right rear, and vice versa) is used to counteract vehicle pitch and roll. Lightweight magnesium/aluminium alloy multi-link suspension arms (four arm with virtual steering axis up front, and trapezoidal arm with unequal length track control arms at the rear) locate each hub/brake/roadwheel assembly in a controllable fashion, whilst minimising unsprung masses.
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That is, the bulky springs and dampers are mounted in the space between the wheels and the bodywork, where they interfere with the airflow and increase unwanted aerodynamic drag. Tauranac persisted with this apparently conservative approach based on wind tunnel tests he had carried out in the early 1960s, which indicated that a more complicated inboard design, with the springs and dampers concealed under the bodywork, would provide only a 2% improvement in drag. He judged the extra time needed to set up an inboard design at the racetrack to outweigh this small improvement. At the front the suspension consists of unequal length, non-parallel double wishbones.
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The braking system uses ventilated carbon-ceramic discs, six-piston callipers in the front and four- piston callipers in the rear. The suspension is a lightweight aluminium front subframe with hollow castings with independent double wishbones incorporating anti-dive geometry, coil springs, anti-roll bar, and monotube adaptive dampers in the front and independent double wishbones with anti-squat and anti-lift geometry, coil springs, anti-roll bar, and monotube adaptive dampers in the rear. It has a three-stage adjustable adaptive damping system including normal, sport, and track modes. The tires are Pirelli P Zeros, 255/ZR20 in the front and 305/30 ZR20 in the rear.
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Passive tracker head in spring/summer tilt position with panels on light blue rack pivoted to morning position against stop; dark blue objects are hydraulic dampers. The most common Passive trackers use a low boiling point compressed gas fluid that is driven to one side or the other (by solar heat creating gas pressure) to cause the tracker to move in response to an imbalance. As this is a non-precision orientation it is unsuitable for certain types of concentrating photovoltaic collectors but works fine for common PV panel types. These will have viscous dampers to prevent excessive motion in response to wind gusts.
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The suspension system, designed by Issigonis's friend Dr. Alex Moulton at Moulton Developments Limited, used compact rubber cones instead of conventional springs. This space-saving design also featured rising progressive-rate springing of the cones, and provided some natural damping, in addition to the normal dampers.
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The WRX STI Spec C's receives the Arai tuned dampers and a swaybar. The rear suspension is changed from rubber bushings to pillowball bushings. The strut tower was further stiffened for improved handling and stability. The strut towers were reinforced for better handling and better ride characteristics.
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Wheel dampers are also to be trialled on two units to help reduce the squeal. The 5000 series units, introduced from mid-2015, have sound dampeners in-built. A rubber ring is placed inside the wheel to reduce resonance as the wheel turns through a curve.
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The 850CSi's modified suspension included stiffer springs and dampers that reduced the car's ride height. The recirculating ball steering ratio was dropped 15% over the standard E31 setup. The model also sported staggered throwing star wheels. The front and rear bumpers were reshaped for improved aerodynamic performance.
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342 f (German title: Praktische Ermittlung von Kennwerten nichtlinearer Rohrleitungselemente in dynamische Strukturberechnungen in 3R International, 06/2004, Seite 342 ff) such as snubbers or visco dampers based on the Maxwell model. An efficient superposition module enables a manifold selection and combination of static and dynamic results.
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The F-Type has a double-wishbone front and rear suspension with adaptive dampers and adjustable suspension settings to allow the driver to adjust ride and handling. The car has a total of 25 different driving modes programmed to suit different road conditions and driving styles.
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Same as the IO-360-D except for oil sump and suction tube. The crankshaft has two 6th order dampers. Continental IO-360-ES fitted to a Cirrus SR20 ;IO-360-ES : at 2800 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.5:1.
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Pedals and knee levers were even used together on the same instrument on a Nannette Streicher grand built in Vienna in 1814. This piano had two knee levers that were Janissary stops for bell and drum, and four pedals for una corda, bassoon, dampers, and moderator.Good 1982:79.
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Sound proofing was also reduced to a minimum. The suspension system used Bilstein dampers and the ride height was lowered for improved handling. Adjustable front and rear anti-roll bars and an under-bonnet strut-brace further increased handling. The final weight of the car amounted to be .
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Each pylon stands on 3 metre tall ceramic cylinders, which serve as insulators for voltages up to 300 kV. The masts are equipped with cylindrical oscillation dampers for better protection against storms. The transmitter is capable of transmitting signals to submarines worldwide to depths of approx. 30 metres.
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Viscosity of the fluid increases according to the intensity of the magnetic field. When this occurs at the right instant, the properties of the damper change helps in attenuating an undesired shock or vibration. The relative efficacy of magnetorheological dampers to active and passive control strategies is usually comparable.
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Magnetorheological dampers are utilized in semi-active human prosthetic legs. Much like those used in military and commercial helicopters, a damper in the prosthetic leg decreases the shock delivered to the patients leg when jumping, for example. This results in an increased mobility and agility for the patient.
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Power to the People Describes use of SWER in the rural electrification of Mozambique. Transmission & Distribution World, 2009. Accessed 2011-8-10 Because of the long spans and high mechanical tensions, vibration from wind can cause damage to the wires. Modern systems install spiral vibration dampers on the wires.
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During February 2016, BMW announced the M4 Competition. The M4 Competition boasts and a revised suspension for better handling. New springs, dampers and anti-roll bars complement the included Adaptive M Suspension. BMW also re-tuned the electronic differential and the Dynamic Stability Control to match the upgraded hardware.
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However, attenuators, dampers, access panels, etc. are a part of the ductwork even if they have more functions than conveying the air and are therefore also referred to as technical ductwork products. Ductwork airtightness is the fundamental ductwork property that impacts the uncontrolled leakage of air through duct leaks.
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Longitudinal stability and control may be obtained with other wing configurations, including canard, tandem wing and tailless aircraft. Some types of aircraft are stabilized with electronic flight control; in this case, fixed and movable surfaces located anywhere along the aircraft may serve as active motion dampers or stabilizers.
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Fires were lit in the firemouths and baited every four hours. Flames rose up inside the kiln and heat passed between the bungs of saggars. They controlled the temperature of the firing using dampers in the crown. The firing was monitored by Bullers rings placed in the kiln.
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A "Shelby-GT-H" engine plaque is also added as well as an engine cap kit. The chassis has also been updated via the Ford Racing Handling Pack which helps deliver a race-like driving experience. The package adds lowered springs, special-tuned dampers and revised sway bars.
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This collector is very responsive - in the sun it heats up rapidly and the air inside starts to convect. If the collector were to be directly connected to the building using a hole near the floor and a hole near the ceiling an indirect solar gain system would be created. One problem with this that, like Trombe walls, the heat would radiate back out at night, and a convection current would chill the room during the night. Instead, the air movement can be stopped using automatic dampers, similar to those used for ventilating foundation spaces in cold climates, or plastic film dampers, which work by blocking air flow in one direction with a very lightweight flap of plastic.
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Rear three quarters of an early five-door model Being based on Fiat's Tipo 2 (Type Two) architecture, the second generation Delta featured a steel unibody construction, transverse engine, and all-independent suspension. At the front these were of the MacPherson strut type—the lower arms linked to the same subframe which supported the drivetrain—with coaxial coil springs and telescopic dampers, and an anti-roll bar; at the rear there were trailing arms (also connected to the body by a subframe), an anti-roll bar, coil springs and telescopic dampers. Steering was rack and pinion with standard hydraulic power steering. Brakes were discs on all four wheels, except for base 1.6 cars which used drums at the rear.
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In this way, applying power to the "open damper" terminal causes the motor to run until the damper is open while applying power at the "close damper" terminal causes the motor to run until the damper is closed. The motor is commonly powered from the same 24 volt AC power source that is used for the rest of the control system. This allows the zone dampers to be directly controlled by low-voltage thermostats and wired with low-voltage wiring. Because simultaneous closure of all dampers might harm the furnace or air handler, this style of damper is often designed to only obstruct a portion of the air duct, for example, 75%.
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The car is made with separate chassis and bodywork. The aluminium chassis features double wishbone-style suspension. The suspension has no dampers and only act as linkage between the vehicle and the wheel enabling adjustments of ride height, camber and toe. The body is made from carbon- fiber-reinforced polymer.
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It sported a carbon-fiber wing and a carbon fiber lip. It also had a new set of BBS wheels as well as a newly tuned engine. The WRX STi V-Limited was released. It sports 4-way dampers tuned by Subaru World Rally Team's Group N driver Toshi Arai.
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Typical blast dampers are sized to match HVAC ductwork and provide proper airflow with low pressure drop. Common applications include protecting equipment and personnel of control rooms and accommodation modules in petrochemical and industrial process facilities onshore and offshore. Acid- and corrosion-resistant versions are often requested in these instances.
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The Phantom is fitted with self-levelling air springs and electronically controlled dampers front and rear. It uses a double wishbone front axle and a 5-link rear axle. It is also equipped with active anti-roll bars. The suspension system is linked to a stereo camera mounted behind the windscreen.
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The power of the engine was increased to for carbureted models and for fuel-injected models. The 2.0 L engine became available. The major change this year were new plastic bumpers that could take impacts up to and still retain their shape. The suspension was stiffened and received stronger dampers.
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Synchromesh is fitted to third and top gears. The riveted chassis has rigid front and rear axles suspended by half-elliptic springs with hydraulic dampers. Braking is on all four wheels assisted by a mechanical servo, famously under licence of Hispano-Suiza. Separate rear brakes are fitted for the handbrake.
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With a lack of interest by SEAT in the Formula 1430 the continuity of the series was in jeopardy. Selex decided not to build any more Formula 1430 cars. Molons gave new life to the dampers business. Enrique Llobell won the Formula 1430 title in the ST 7 in 1980.
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Suspension parts, dampers and brakes are also standard across all cars, and all cars run slick tyres provided by Dunlop. Traction control and Anti-lock braking systems are banned. Sasol provides fuel to all cars. The cars were anticipated to reach up to 280 km/h prior to the first season.
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Roadsport A cars are ex-Academy cars, with no engine upgrades. However a number of performance upgrades such removing the windscreens and lights, widetrack front suspension and uprated dampers are allowed, as is professional team support. RSA races at the same events as RSB, but has longer 30-minute races.
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A bespoke track-ready suspension with Bilstein dampers and a urethane-foam- injected front suspension cross member was added. Mazda also focused on reducing weight. The front hood, rear doors and boot lid were made from aluminum. A magnesium steering frame, together with a lightweight carbon fiber prop shaft, was also added.
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Its tires, which are 225/40R18 up front, and 255/40R18 down the rear, help the precise handling, thanks to its wide width and sticky footprint. The suspension is composed of double wishbones with coil over dampers. These are also short-and-long-arm versions to better increase comfort and better handling.
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These provide alarms in the control room. Simultaneous detection of multiple sensors initiates action to start firewater pumps and close fire dampers in enclosed spaces. The petrochemical plant may have several levels of shutdown. A unit shutdown (USD) entails shutdown of one limited unit with the rest of the plant remaining in operation.
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1991 Ferrari F40 The suspension setup was similar to the GTO's double wishbone setup, though many parts were upgraded and settings were changed; the unusually low ground clearance prompted Ferrari to include the ability to raise the vehicle's ground clearance when necessary for later cars via hydraulic lift chambers in the front dampers.
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The aircraft has a gross weight of . The design incorporates vibration dampers that greatly reduce the level of main rotor vibration transmitted to the cockpit. The design was developed into the AutoGyro eCavalon electric aircraft in 2013.Tacke, Willi; Marino Boric; et al: World Directory of Light Aviation 2015-16, page 188.
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In an emergency, CO2 could be released into the tanks to extinguish fires. The engines had three-blade, light alloy VDM propeller units installed. Flame dampers were also fitted in the form of "fish tail" exhaust pipes. Such a configuration gave a speed of (282 mph) at sea level and (318 mph) at .
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313-5000 series 6-car set Y113, October 2010 12 x 6-car sets (72 vehicles) were built by Nippon Sharyo in 2006 with flip-over transverse seating. This was the first conventional (i.e. non-shinkansen) rolling stock to feature yaw dampers between intermediate cars. Further (4th-batch) sets were delivered in 2010.
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Walls and floors themselves can be tested, closures within them, such as windows, fire doors, fire dampers, structural steel, and more. Fire tests are conducted both on active fire protection and on passive fire protection items. Each have different test methods and scales. There are full- scale, small-scale and bench-scale tests.
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Janowicz 2001, pp. 34–38. ::Fw 190 A-5/U2 — The A-5/U2 was designed as a night Jabo-Rei and featured anti-reflective fittings and exhaust flame dampers. A centre-line ETC 501 rack typically held a 250 kg (550 lb) bomb, and wing-mounted racks mounted 300 L drop tanks.
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Offset shifter was replaced by a central shift with electrically operated overdrive made by Laycock de Normanville. Brakes were servo-assisted thanks to a company called Bendix. Telescopic dampers were introduced in place of lever type. Most of the improvements were much needed and welcomed as they increased usability and serviceability greatly.
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After costing more than 165 million Euros to construct, the bridge was officially opened by Queen Beatrix on September 6, 1996. Shortly after the bridge opened to traffic in October 1996, it was discovered the bridge would swing under particularly strong wind conditions. To reduce the trembling, stronger shock dampers were installed.
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After the entire dead load of the bridge was loaded, dampers and shock absorbers were installed in order to reduce the vertical deflections produced by asymmetric live loads in the arch and to allow slow deflections in the deck due to thermal and rheological actions. The bridge was completed on August 2007.
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The suspension setup, front, and rear, are double wishbones, with pushrod actuated coil springs. The dampers installed are provided by Öhlins. The similarly-named TZ3 Stradale is not based on the 8C, as it was made after production of the 8C had ended, instead of being based on the Dodge Viper ACR.
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The flame dampers on the bottom of the engine on this Bristol Beaufighter were typical for 1940s RAF aircraft with radial engines. A flame damper, also known as a flame suppressor, is a device attached to the exhaust manifold of an aircraft engine that mixes air with the still-incandescent exhaust to ensure it is completely cooled, and thus no longer visible, before it exits the damper. Dampers were standard equipment on night bombers and night fighters during World War II. Because they entrained air, they had a negative effect on performance and were often removed by ground fitters when the aircraft was being used during the day. A similar device used on firearms is known as a flash suppressor.
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Herd's knowledge of aerodynamics and Bruce McLaren's experience with Ford's sports car racing programme combined to spur the team into experimenting with aerodynamic bodywork. The M2A was fitted with a rear wing that produced downforce – downwards pressure on the car and tyres which allows faster cornering – and reduced lap times by three seconds at a test at Zandvoort circuit in November 1965, two and a half years before the Brabham and Ferrari teams eventually debuted wings in a Grand Prix. The team intended to use the wing on the M2B, but the engine problems that occurred prevented this. The suspension was a conventional wishbone-based arrangement with inboard coilover springs and dampers at the front and outboard coilover springs and dampers at the rear.
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Structure can be complex systems that undergo different loads during their lifetime, e.g. Lithium-ion batteries. Some complex structures, such as the turbo machinery in a liquid-fuel rocket, can also cost millions of dollars. Engineers will commonly model these structures as coupled second-order systems, approximating dynamic structure components with springs, masses, and dampers.
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The new engine, called 580, was a 2.72-litre four-cylinder unit and had a power output of at 2,900 rpm and a torque of . The truck had a single-disc manually-operated clutch. The suspension was made of leaf springs on both axles, with hydraulic dampers. The steering was a recirculating ball type.
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While the springs and dampers (not shown) control the up and down movement (heave) and the roll is controlled by the sway bar (also not shown). It takes a minimum of two links per wheel in a MacPherson strut-style suspension and a minimum of three links per wheel in a multi-link suspension.
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The M5 was produced alongside regular 5 Series models at the BMW Dingolfing Plant in Germany. Production ended in October 2016. From 2014, the BMW M5 Competition Package was introduced. The Competition Package increases peak engine power to and has a revised suspension setup (bushings, springs, dampers, anti-roll bars) which lowers the car .
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The rear consisted of a De Dion tube, designed to keep the rear wheels parallel using a solid tubular beam. It also had hydraulic rear dampers, adjustable from within the cockpit during a race. The bodywork of the W125 was aluminium, left unpainted like its predecessors, making it another of Mercedes' famed Silver Arrows.
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Dampers are used to control the quantity of air admitted to the furnace. Forced draught furnaces usually have a positive pressure. Balanced draught is obtained through use of both induced and forced draught. This is more common with larger boilers where the flue gases have to travel a long distance through many boiler passes.
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Usually this term is reserved for smaller self contained units such as a residential system. : A central unit consisting of a blower, heating and cooling elements, filter racks or chamber, dampers, humidifier, and other central equipment in direct contact with the airflow. This does not include the ductwork through the building. Abbreviated AH or AHU.
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The car has a 6-speed automated manual gearbox and can attain a top speed of over . It can accelerate from zero to in 3.5 seconds. The chassis is a carbon-fiber monocoque with some tubular elements. The suspension setup, front and rear, are double wishbones, with pushrod actuated coil springs, and dampers from Ohlins.
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For 1936 it added the ABx diesel engine, tuned for – at 1,600 rpm. There were two lengths avalaible for the ZP, with a maximum length of 8.57 metres. The ZP short has 23–28 passenger seats and the long 31–36. The suspension of both is made up of leaf springs with hydraulic dampers.
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1910.265(f)(3)(ii)(b): Escape doors shall be of adequate height and width to accommodate an average size man. 1910.265(f)(4): Pits. Pits shall be well ventilated, drained, and lighted, and shall be large enough to safely accommodate the kiln operator together with operating devices such as valves, dampers, damper rods, and traps.
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Beltran and several other Comyn lords flee the room. Lew learns that Sharra's illusion was created by Regis as a warning, despite the telepathic dampers. Lew is plagued with thoughts of Sharra and finally goes to Callina in the Aillard apartments, where he also finds Linnell and Regis. Callina asks Lew to meet with Ashara.
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Windradyne and his warriors silently surrounded the hut of Samuel Terry, a man who had laid poisoned dampers out. Terry had also built his hut on their Burbung ground. The warriors attacked Terry and his men before they knew what hit them. Terry was speared six times by the Wiradjuri warriors and his hut burnt to the ground.
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The truck has an independent front suspension with coil springs and wishbones. At the rear it mounts a beam axle with leaf springs instead of the coil springs used by the similarly designed Super Goélette. It has telescopic dampers on both axles. The transmission is a rear-wheel drive system with a fully synchronised 4-speed gearbox.
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A floor register. A register is a grille with moving parts, capable of being opened and closed and the air flow directed, which is part of a building's heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. The placement and size of registers is critical to HVAC efficiency. Register dampers are also important, and can serve a safety function.
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In 1972, in the third episode of the sixth season of The Carol Burnett Show, Vicki Lawrence played Mrs. Dampers in the sketch "Rebecky", a take-off of the film. In the series Monk, season 1 episode 7 "Mr. Monk and the Billionaire Mugger", during the opening scene, Sidney Teal is walking out of his palatial home.
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Inertia negation is a commonplace technology in numerous science fiction series. It is used as an explanation as to why the crew of starships can withstand complex maneuvres or acceleration to FTL speeds. Notable appearances include the Star Trek franchise, where inertial dampers protect the crew from the dangers of sudden accelerations. Another example is in the movie Alien.
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Both engines come with sub-120 g/km CO2 emissions (119 for the petrol and 112 for the diesel). Both engines are supplied from Fiat. The Ka featured shock absorption revised from the Fiat 500 along with a rear anti-roll bar enabling 30 percent softer springs and accordingly retuned dampers to improve ride performance over uneven road surfaces.
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The building was designed to withstand earthquakes and strong winds by using two different types of mass dampers. The first damper type is the viscous vibration damping walls (the "sticky wall") that was designed to sustain small- and medium-size earthquakes, while the second damper type is the brake damper that was designed to sustain major earthquakes.
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The CSR is also wider than previous models, which increases handling ability. left Both rear and front suspension were completely redesigned for the CSR. The front suspension has double wishbone, fully adjustable, inboard springs and dampers, improving aerodynamics. The rear suspension is also upgraded to a double wishbone, fully independent system, replacing the De Dion tube design.
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Powered flights, piloted by Zbigniew Zabski, began in October and revealed engine vibrations severe enough to damage its mountings. The problem was solved with new mountings on rubber dampers. For a while a Ava 4, an air-cooled flat four engine, was trialed but rejected as unreliable. The test flight programme included soaring flights and airborne engine restarts.
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An all- moving vertical fin and an automated flight control system were incorporated which permitted the aircraft to roll at supersonic speeds using spoilers.Simone 2002, pp. 25–30. The flight control system was upgraded by the addition of pitch and yaw dampers. A side-view of North American F-107A #2 55-5119 at the NMUSAF.
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For shipboard stowage, both the rotor blades and tail can be folded. Lag dampers were incorporated but these are not required in flight (owing to the rigidity of the monobloc rotor head). In flight, the main rotor is kept at a constant speed, simplifying aircraft control;Penny 2004, p. 92. the rotor also features a vibration absorption system.
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Blast dampers usually employ some type of blade held open with tension from a spring. The damper blades close automatically when pressure overcomes the resistance offered by the spring. Various models differ in the amount of blast protection (e.g. 1bar/14.5psi or lower amounts of protection) and whether they stay closed after the blast or remain functional.
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Power is most typically delivered through a 'Doug Nash' style gearbox with two forward gears (one for racing) and reverse, and use a heavily modified Ford Transit rear axle with a locked differential. The cars use 'American Racer' control tyres on the outside rear. The cars are also restricted in what dampers can be used, to control costs.
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The Maicoletta had a tubular steel frame with pressed steel body panels. Front suspension was with a telescopic fork with coil springs, hydraulic damping, and a steering damper. Rear suspension was with a swingarm with dual coil springs and twin hydraulic dampers. The wheels were 14 inches in diameter and had a width between 3.25 inches and 3.5 inches.
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Image:mr fluid squeezeflowmode.jpg The applications of these various modes are numerous. Flow mode can be used in dampers and shock absorbers, by using the movement to be controlled to force the fluid through channels, across which a magnetic field is applied. Shear mode is particularly useful in clutches and brakes - in places where rotational motion must be controlled.
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The U.S. Army Research Office is currently funding research into using MR fluid to enhance body armor. In 2003, researchers stated they were five to ten years away from making the fluid bullet resistant.Instant Armor: Science Videos - Science News - ScienCentral In addition, HMMWVs, and various other all-terrain vehicles employ dynamic MR shock absorbers and/or dampers.
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Stockbridge damper bolted to line close to the point of attachment to the tower. It prevents mechanical vibration building up in the line.Stockbridge dampers are added to the transmission lines a meter or two from the tower. They consist of a short length of cable clamped in place parallel to the line itself and weighted at each end.
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This tends to make the chair more cumbersome. Caster flutter can be controlled by adding dampers or increasing the friction of the swivel joints.12 Making the Front Wheels, Center for International Rehabilitation Chapter This can be accomplished by adding washers to the swivel joint. The friction increases as the weight on the front of the chair increases.
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This framework supports four traction motors and one (in outer bogies) or two (in inner bogies) sprung swing bolsters. The secondary springing of the swing bolsters is secured by steel coil springs with parallel hydraulic rotating dampers. The swing bolsters have pivot bearings, which facilitate full rotation of the bogie below the body without any limitations.
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There were also two large Induced Draft (ID) Fans on each unit. These drew the hot gases from the Boiler, through the Air Heater where the heat is transferred to the incoming combustion air. The gases were then exhausted up the chimney. The exhaust flow of these fans was also controlled by dampers in the ducting.
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Since Japanese kamado were introduced from Korea, the word kamado itself is rooted in the Korean word gama (), which means a buttumak (hearth). Some kamados have dampers and draft doors for better heat control. The kanji character for kamado is . The kanji character may be the best name to use when searching for information about traditional unmovable kamados.
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The sustain pedal (or, damper pedal) is often simply called "the pedal", since it is the most frequently used. It is placed as the rightmost pedal in the group. It lifts the dampers from all keys, sustaining all played notes. In addition, it alters the overall tone by allowing all strings, including those not directly played, to reverberate.
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The front dampers were connected to each other by an anti-roll bar. The front track was wide. The steering used Marles roller gear but, instead of the kingpin being inclined to create castor angle as was conventional, the hub centre was placed behind the kingpin centres. This was done to improve the controllability of the car.
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79 in) projectiles. The removal of the guns and ammunition from the wings also cleaned up the wings' airfoil and increased internal fuel capacity from 540 gal (2,044 l) to 646 gal (2,445 l). Other changes included the provision for external fuel carriage in drop tanks, flame arrestors/dampers on engine exhausts, and redistribution of some radio equipment.
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The front suspension used double wishbones and coil springs, while the rear suspension was a trailing U-beam axle with coil springs. Telescopic dampers were used for all four wheels. Up to model year 1967 models had drum brakes all around. Starting 1967, with the coming of the V4 engine, models were fitted with front disc brakes.
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Fire dampers can also close following receipt of an electrical signal from a fire alarm system utilising detectors remote from the damper, indicating the sensing of heat or smoke in the building occupied spaces or in the HVAC duct system. Regulations and fire test regimes vary from one country to another, which can result in different designs and applications.
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The transmission was a 4-speed gearbox with a single-plate dry clutch; fourth speed was a direct drive. Front suspension was independent of the "Lancia" sliding pillar type, developed from the Lambda's. At the rear there was a solid axle on semi-elliptic leaf springs and friction disk dampers. Braking was via drums, on all four corners.
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A thermostat starts and stops the furnace to regulate temperature. Large homes or commercial buildings may have multiple thermostats and heating zones, controlled by powered dampers. A digital thermostat can be programmed to activate the gas furnace at certain times. For example, a resident may want the temperature in their dwelling to rise 15 minutes before returning from work.
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Upright piano with player mechanism (Hammond Melo-Harp) by the Straube Co., Hammond, Indiana, manufactured 1916, serial no. 26494. AAA-c5 (7+ octaves). Three pedals: half blow, "Melo-Harp" (tabs with staples for a jarring, "honky- tonk" tone), dampers. Purchased by Perry Fulton Pinkerton (1873–1952) for his wife, Isadora Edna (née Rouff; 1876–1923), in 1918.
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Standard fit wheels and tyres tend to have less unsprung weight than oversized rims and tyres. With less unsprung weight, the shock absorbers and dampers are much better able to control the lower inertia and consequently, the vertical “bounce“ of a wheel over a bumpy road surface, resulting in better and more consistent tyre contact with the road surface.
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Inadvertently, this played a large part in the Renaissance conception of Chaucer as an alchemist, which was later abandoned as it was found to be untrue. The book also contains the first supposed description of a dampers, describing Norton's construction of a furnace with no fewer than sixty temperatures it could attain at a single time.
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The front now has adaptive cooling flaps, while the rear wing is larger and generates 15 percent more downforce than the previous model. Active anti-rollbars, adaptive dampers and rear wheel steering are standard features. In July 2020, the Turbo variant was introduced. It has the same twin turbocharged 3.7-litre flat-6 engine, detuned to and .
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Dogbone dampers on the road- support cables of the alt= Another modern design is the Dogbone invented by Philip Dulhunty in 1976 is so called due to its configuration, a larger metal sphere attached to the end of the damper, with a smaller sphere projecting sideways from it, resembling a dog's bone. The damper offsets the weights sideways in order to introduce a third degree of freedom, twisting the damper cable in addition to bending it up and down. Additional intra-strand friction was created in the damper cable, dissipating significantly more energy. The most vulnerable section of the cable is where it is clamped to the end of an insulator string, so dampers are typically installed at the nearest anti-nodes (points of maximum displacement) either side of the clamp.
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Except for the brakes, there were no hydraulic parts on original models; damping was by tuned mass dampers and friction dampers. The 1948 car featured radial tyres, which had just been commercialised; front-wheel drive; rack and pinion steering mounted inside the front suspension cross-tube, away from a frontal impact; rear fender skirts (the suspension design allowed wheel changes without removing the skirts); bolt-on detachable front and rear wings; detachable doors, bonnet (and boot lid after 1960), by "slide out" P-profile sheet metal hinges; flap-up windows, as roll up windows were considered too heavy and expensive.; and detachable full length fabric sunroof and boot lid, for almost pickup-like load-carrying versatility. Ventilation in addition to the sunroof and front flap windows was provided by an opening flap under the windscreen.
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Like contemporary designs such as the Lotus 33 and Cooper T81, the P83 chassis was a riveted monocoque made of Duralumin with integral fuel tanks running down the chassis on either side of the driver. Unlike these cars though, the engine was designed to be a stressed member of the chassis in the same configuration that the much more successful Cosworth DFV would later establish as the norm, and was mated to a 6-speed gearbox, with the gear lever unusually situated to the left of the driver. The front suspension was conventionally arranged, with unequal length double wishbones and inboard coil springs and dampers. The rear suspension consisted of twin radius arms, reversed lower wishbones, single top links and outboard springs and dampers, attached to the gearbox and engine.
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The front wheel used helical springs and hydraulic dampers; the rear axle leaf springs. It was connected on both sides to the Trado-system by which all four rear wheels could be driven. Hydraulic brakes were present on all six wheels. It had been intended to fit bulletproof tyres, but as none were available conventional Dunlop Trackgrip terrain tyres were used.
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Also, instead of passing the cooling tower water through a strainer and then to the cooling coils, which causes fouling, more often a plate-and-frame heat exchanger is inserted between the cooling tower and chilled water loops. Good controls, and valves or dampers, as well as maintenance, are needed to ensure proper operation of the air- and water-side economizers.
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Toyota Racing Development (TRD) F Sport parts for Japanese IS sedan included a front spoiler, side skirts, rear spoiler, sport muffler and rear diffuser, diamond-like carbon fibre shock absorbers, 19-inch aluminium wheels (measuring 19x8.5J front and 19x9J rear, 45 mm front and 50 mm rear insets, 245/35ZR19 front and 265/30ZR19 rear tyres), member brace and performance dampers.
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The Seldon- Griswold Manufacturing Company was founded in Erie, Pennsylvania, in 1865 by Matthew Griswold (born 6 June 1833) and his cousins, the brothers J.C. and Samuel Selden. The company made separable butt hinges and other light hardware products at a building called the "Butt Factory" beside the Erie Extension Canal. Other products were stovepipe dampers, thimbles, and other stove furniture.
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OE dampers are predominantly made using rubber as the bonding agent between the inner hub and the outer mass. Rubber is susceptible to operational and environmental factors. Rubber only has a finite ability to withstand operating temperatures plus any fluids that may find their way onto the damper. They are also susceptible to low temperatures which can make the rubber brittle.
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The B5 is fitted with a new suspension system featuring aluminium components at the front. The system has springs supplied by Eibach and dampers supplied by Bilstein along with stiffer bushings to improve handling and to reduce understeer. A new "Comfort" mode adds smooth ride quality. The system features custom wishbones and 1 degree of negative camber for enhanced performance.
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All generations of C8 come equipped with double wishbone suspension at the front and rear axles. First generation C8 models used inboard Koni shock absorbers and components constructed from stainless steel and aluminum. Aileron and Preliator models adopted an updated suspension setup developed by Lotus, with an increase number of parts manufactured from forged aluminum and new mono-tube dampers.
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"2010 Mustang Technical Specifications". Ford Media. 2008. Other mechanical features included new spring rates and dampers, traction and stability control system standard on all models, and new wheel sizes. Engines were revised for 2011, and transmission options included the Getrag-Ford MT82 6-speed manual or the 6R80 6-speed automatic based on the ZF 6HP26 transmission licensed for production by Ford.
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At the time, these sold for 2,549 Deutsche Marks. In 1996, Walther produced a GSP Atlanta model commemorating the 1996 Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta. These ones also had the gold titanium finish on the bolt. Today, there is also a more accurate version available known as the GSP Expert which has a vibration-absorbing Aluminum sleeve, containing inertial dampers, around the barrel.
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Standard 210 became widely accepted and known as virtually the only standard used in the United States and Canada. In 1985, AMCA expanded its scope to include air control devices, such as louvers, dampers, and airflow measurement stations. In 1996, AMCA's first accredited laboratory, ITRI, began testing in Taiwan. In 2008, AMCA's second independent accredited laboratory, AFMA, began testing in Singapore.
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Dashpots are commonly used in dampers and shock absorbers. The hydraulic cylinder in an automobile shock absorber is a dashpot. They are also used on carburetors, where the return of the throttle lever is cushioned just before the throttle fully closes, then is allowed to fully close slowly to reduce emissions. The British SU carburettor's main piston carries a stepped needle.
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At the transition between concrete and hollow steel portions, dampers provide aerodynamic stability and dissipate wind sway energy. Each damper consists of a lead ball weighing about a ton that is allowed to roll inside a steel box. The structural design of the spires was completed by the Arup engineering consultancy. The pedestrian approach to the spires is from the west.
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TRD offers bolt-on headers, sport mufflers, and cat-back exhausts that are 50 state emission legal. Cold air intakes are also sold but not always emission legal. Suspension equipment includes coilovers, springs, dampers and struts, suspension tower braces, sway bars, and wheel upgrades as well. Braking hardware includes full brake kits including calipers, rotors and stainless steel braided brake lines.
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Especially, during the 1955 records, a dangerous hunting oscillation, the swaying of the bogies which leads to dynamic instability and potential derailment was discovered. This problem was solved by yaw dampers which enabled safe running at high speeds today. Research was also made about "current harnessing" at high-speed by the pantographs, that was solved 20 years later by the Zébulon TGV's prototype.
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Acoustic pianos have expression pedals that change the response or tone of the instrument. On small upright pianos, the soft pedal moves the hammers closer to the strings. On grand pianos, the soft pedal moves the hammers sideways so each hammer strikes only part of its string group. The sustain pedal prevents individual key dampers from lifting when the player releases the key.
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The Skywalk infrastructure itself weighs a little over without counterweights but including the tuned mass dampers, railing hardware, glass rails, glass deck and steel box beams. At the time of roll-out, the Skywalk weighed approximately 1.6 million pounds (730,000 kg). The process was completed in two days. Astronauts Buzz Aldrin and John Herrington attended the opening ceremony on March 20, 2007.
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Each unit had two large Forced Draft (FD) Fans. For efficiency these fans drew warm air from an intake at the top of the station. This combustion air was passed through the Air Heater which increased its temperature. Dampers were used to control the quantity of air admitted to the furnace and direct some of the air to the Primary Air (PA) Fans.
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The cost of > the damper was $3 million. The dampers are free to move a few feet relative > to the floor. According to Campbell, engineers discovered that--despite the mass damper--the building could have fallen over under a certain kind of wind loading. The structure was assessed as more unstable on its narrow sides than on the big flat sides.
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The V6 powertrains were unchanged from those used in 2005–2009 Mustangs. Though the 2010 Mustang V-6 retained a single exhaust outlet, the diameter of the tip had been increased one-half of an inch to three inches. The 2010 Mustang included new spring rates and dampers to improve ride quality and control and Ford's AdvanceTrac traction and stability control system standard.
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Based on a lengthened version of the Vauxhall Cadet the new car had a conventional chassis with semi-elliptical leaf springs all round and Vauxhall-Lovejoy hydraulic dampers. Wire -spoked wheels were fitted. Compared with the Cadet, the engine was mounted further forwards. To satisfy the demand for larger coach-built bodies the BXL model was a long wheelbase version.
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The engine transmits its power to the rear wheels via a 5-speed gearbox, an automatic transmission was also available. The suspension of the E28 has been modified with Bilstein gas dampers, as standard the B9 was delivered with 16-inch wheels (see picture). Alpina also modified the interior with among other things, Recaro seats, a new shifter and a modified instrument cluster.
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The internal parts had also been improved, with an improved suspension setup, new two-piece Brembo rotors, and improved shocks, dampers, springs, and stabilizer bars. The car also has an improved X-brace. The car's power output also stayed the same like the 1.0. However, the data was based on the Dodge version of the Viper, not the SRT version.
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Bridgewater Hall overlooks the Rochdale Canal Interior Main auditorium interior, showing the pipe organ. Vibration dampers / isolation bearings underneath the main auditorium. Construction of the hall was a joint venture between Manchester City Council and the Central Manchester Development Corporation who obtained funding from the European Regional Development Fund The architects were RHWL and the builders were John Laing.Ritchie, p.
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The cars in the Biturbo family were of unibody steel construction, with a conventional layout of front-longitudinally mounted engine and gearbox. Suspension was of the MacPherson strut type upfront and semi-trailing arms at the rear, with coil springs, double-acting dampers and anti-roll bars on both axles. The differential and rear suspension arms were supported by a subframe.
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To improve the handling and comfort, the 2009 CTS-V uses BWI Group's MagneRide technology. The dampers, filled with magnetorheological fluid, are adjusted based on sensor readings that happen at 1 ms intervals. The sedan has four-wheel disc brakes similar to the first generation. The front brakes were increased in size to ventilated discs with six piston Brembo fixed calipers.
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Spatially averaged particle velocity spectra (left) and broadband colormaps of a car floor without (middle) and with (right) a damping treatment. The automotive environment limits the thickness of materials that can be used, but combinations of dampers, barriers, and absorbers are common. Common materials include felt, foam, polyester, and Polypropylene blend materials. Waterproofing may be necessary based on materials used.
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The rear suspension used a solid axle suspended on coil springs and vertically mounted dampers. The axle was located by four links; two lower trailing arms and two sharply angled upper control arms. The Fairmont has power-assisted brakes, with 10.0 inch vented front discs and 9.0 x 1.8 inch rear drums. Standard wheels and tires were 14x5.0 and DR78-14 respectively.
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The Spire consists of eight hollow stainless steel cone sections, the longest being , which were installed on 21 January 2003. It is an elongated cone of diameter at the base, narrowing to at the top. It features two tuned mass dampers, designed by engineers Arup, to counteract sway. The steel underwent shot peening to alter the quality of light reflected from it.
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The Portofino features magnetorheological dampers, a carryover from the California, with an improved software to maintain good ride quality even though having a stiffer suspension system than the California. Like the company's V12 grand tourer 812 Superfast, the Portofino features an electrically assisted power steering. Both the suspension system and steering become increasingly responsive when the car is in sports mode.
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The ABS system is made by Bosch. The rims are manufactured by Braid, and are wrapped by Michelin tires, specific tires that were constructed for the R.S. 01. It has 30/68 R18 at the front, and 31/71 R18 at the rear. The suspension, both front and rear, are double wishbone pushrods, with two-way adjustable dampers from Öhlins.
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2,000 rpm to 5,000 rpm. The use of a manual transmission and carbon ceramic brakes reduce the weight by . New adaptive dampers with the section of Sport, Sport + and Track modes improve handling. Performance figures include a 0- acceleration time of 3.9 seconds, half a second more than the standard Vantage while the top speed remains the same as the standard model.
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The Cup Chassis Pack available on the 265 consists of 18-inch matt black alloys with 235/40 R18 95Y Michelin Sport 2 tyres, slotted brake discs, limited slip differential, red brake calipers, stiffer springs/dampers and anti-roll bars. In Australia, the Cup and Cup Trophée models were replaced with the Cup, Cup+ and Trophy+ with slightly more flexible specification levels.
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Each pile is in diameter and can bear a load of . During construction, on 31 March 2002, a 6.8-magnitude earthquake rocked Taipei; two construction cranes from the 56th floor, the highest floor at the time, toppled. Five people died in the accident, but an inspection showed no structural damage to the building, and construction soon resumed. RWDI designed a VISCOUS DAMPERS FOR HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS .
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The new structure weighs slightly less than the 350Z. The 370Z uses a front double wishbone suspension, with forged aluminum control arms and steering knuckle. The rear multi-link suspension uses a forged aluminum upper control arm, lower arm and radius rod, the toe control rod is steel and wheel carrier assembly is aluminum. The refreshed 2013 model uses new dampers with the Sport package models.
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VFR 750 F RC36 Model year 1990 saw a major redesign in the RC36 version. The forks now featured cartridge dampers, wheels were widened to 5.5 inch for wider tires, and the frame newly constructed. A single sided swingarm allowed for a narrow tail that could accommodate saddle bags while still offering comfort for a passenger. Alas, it also increased the weight by 17 kg.bennets.co.
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The focus of the Type R was to minimize weight while enhancing rigidity. The Type R has larger strut tower bars, rear performance rods on the rear frame and numerous body reinforcements. The Type R had revised springs and dampers as well as larger sway bars. The 1995-1997 Type R has 4 lug 15 x 6 aluminum wheels wrapped in Bridgestone Potenza RE010 195/55R15 tires.
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Manual transmission shifters and all steering wheels were upgraded to leather. Liftback cargo covers were standard along with fog lights for models without the "Action Package". TRD USA offered performance upgrades such as lowering springs, dampers, anti-sway bars, brake disc pads, air filters, exhaust, short-shift kits (manual transmissions), and body kits. The exhaust offered an increase of , albeit mostly at higher rpm.
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These diamond-shaped dampers are seen architecturally on its perimeter. With this extra-bracing, this tower can withstand earthquake forces nearly four times as efficiently as a conventionally damped building. The dampening system proved its worth in January 2003, when a 7.6 earthquake shook the city. Not only did the building survive undamaged, occupants inside at the time did not know a trembler had occurred.
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Instead, they do administrative work. Even the basic facts of nature are subject to the programmers' will: men do not grow facial hair, and it rains only at night. Dampers even control the movement of tectonic plates. Reference is made in the story to permanent settlements on Mars, Venus, and the Moon; outposts on Saturn's moon Titan and on Mercury; and even to interstellar space exploration.
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The springs and dampers installed inboard (push-rods, calipers not installed). The overall strength of the chassis is improved with the addition of new tubular steel to the frame. The weight of the car increases, but the torsional stiffness is improved by somewhere between 25% and 100%. The added reinforcement was necessary in order for the CSR to support the heavy 2.3 litre Duratec engine.
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Racing Designs boss, Mark Taylor, came up with an exoskeleton car featuring a space frame chassis with wishbone suspension at each corner and push-rod operated coil-over dampers. Audi's turbocharged 1800cc 4-cylinder engine is mounted longitudinally behind the cockpit to achieve the ultimate in weight distribution. The engine is mated with Audi's 5-speed transaxle gearbox, as used in the Audi A4 and Audi A6.
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A Stuka repair centre was set up at Wels-Lichtenegg. From May 1940 to November 1944, 746 were repaired and flight-tested there. In the winter 1943/44, the Metal Works Lower Saxony Brinckmann und Mergell company (Menibum) converted approximately 300 Ju 87D-3 and 5s to night versions. Dive-brakes were removed there, while gun muzzles and dampers were to eliminate exhaust and muzzle flash.
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Multibody simulation (MBS) is a method of numerical simulation in which multibody systems are composed of various rigid or elastic bodies. Connections between the bodies can be modeled with kinematic constraints (such as joints) or force elements (such as spring dampers). Unilateral constraints and Coulomb-friction can also be used to model frictional contacts between bodies. Multibody simulation is a useful tool for conducting motion analysis.
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This stiffer chassis allowed doors to become an optional fitting. The Mk V version was derived from the "Lightweight" Dellow (WRF 81) constructed by Tony Marsh for speed events in 1954. It saw coil springs introduced at the front (over telescopic dampers) although still with a one- piece Ford beam axle. About 300 Dellows in total are believed to have been constructed at Alvechurch.
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Analog or digital temperature sensors may be placed in the space or room, the return and supply air ducts, and sometimes the external air. Actuators are placed on the hot and chilled water valves, the outside air and return air dampers. The supply fan (and return if applicable) is started and stopped based on either time of day, temperatures, building pressures or a combination.
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The less efficient type of air-handler is a "constant volume air handling unit," or CAV. The fans in CAVs do not have variable-speed controls. Instead, CAVs open and close dampers and water-supply valves to maintain temperatures in the building's spaces. They heat or cool the spaces by opening or closing chilled or hot water valves that feed their internal heat exchangers.
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Drawing Office/Tekenkantoor, Pretoria. pp. 6a-7a, 41, 43. Of all the locomotives introduced during Hendrie's term as CME, the Class 14B was the only one to fall short of expectations. In fairness to Hendrie and his decision to omit superheating, it should be borne in mind that, at the time, automatic dampers were still in use, which cut out the superheater while the regulator was closed.
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Some motorcycles and bicycles have a steering damper to dissipate undesirable kinetic energy, and some bicycles have a spring connecting the front fork to the frame to provide a progressive torque that tends to steer the bicycle straight ahead. On bikes with rear suspensions, feedback between the drive train and the suspension is an issue designers attempt to handle with various linkage configurations and dampers.
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They were fed by four 42 DCNF/14 downdraught Weber carburetors with Bosch electronic ignition. The compression ratio is 8.5:1. A combined steel monocoque chassis and body featured a tubular steel subframe at the back for the engine and transmission. Also featured independent suspension all round (a first for a Maserati road car) with coil springs, telescopic suspension dampers and anti-roll bars.
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Even the Harley Davidson motor has been fitted to some examples, using a Ford Cortina gearbox and clutch. The power was transferred to the rear via shaft drive. The front suspension used the spindles and disc brake assemblies of the Ford Cortina Mk IV/V, with bespoke wishbones and coil over dampers. The Ford Escort Mk II supplied the rack and pinion steering rack.
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The design of the trains was overseen by industrial designer Kenji Ekuan. Retracting gangway connections on the end cars allow two sets to be coupled together to form 12-car formations. Electrical and safety equipment is duplicated, as on the E233 series commuter trains, to improve safety and reliability. Active suspension on end cars and yaw dampers between all cars for improved ride comfort.
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Four "AA" alkaline batteries are required to power the truck; eight are required for the transmitter. Six-cell nickel metal hydride and 3S lithium polymer batteries are available for longer and faster runtimes and more economical long-term operation. The long-arm suspension allows for exceptional suspension travel over rough terrain. However, the basic Mini-T uses friction dampers in lieu of oil-filled shock absorbers.
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166 The car again appeared in the red-and-white corporate colours of West cigarettes, who remained as title sponsor. The suspension was double wishbone all round, operating springs and dampers by pullrods. The car started the season with conventional steel brakes, but Zakspeed experimented with carbon-carbon brakes from Monaco and raced them from Germany. The team continued its tyre supply contract from American firm Goodyear.
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A blender consists of a housing, motor, blades, and food container. A fan-cooled electric motor is secured into the housing by way of vibration dampers, and a small output shaft penetrates the upper housing and meshes with the blade assembly. Usually, a small rubber washer provides a seal around the output shaft to prevent liquid from entering the motor. Most blenders today have multiple speeds.
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The FPA cars feature fully independent suspension based on a double wishbone design, with geometry which includes anti-squat and anti-dive pushrod operation. Ohlins two-way adjustable dampers, along with adjustable anti-roll bars complete the suspension system. The brakes feature disc brakes all round, with four-piston calipers and radially ventilated and floating discs. A cockpit sited driver adjustable brake bias control is also included.
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This version incorporates active noise suppression, vibration dampers and a composite main rotor. On January 3, 2006, the S-76 C++ replaced earlier versions in production. It is powered by two Turbomeca Arriel 2S2 engines and incorporates an improved and quieter transmission as well as minor changes in the interior equipment and avionics. There were 92 orders for this model as of January 2006.
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High-temperature axial fans – These are high-volume fans designed to operate against low flow resistance in industrial convection furnaces. They may be of either single-direction or bi-directional designs. Extremely rugged, they are most often used in high- temperature furnace (up to 1800 degF) application. Tube axial fans – These are axial fan units with fan wheels located in cylindrical tubes, without inlet or outlet dampers.
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The car has a measurement in curb weight, making the car extremely lightweight, thanks to the use of carbon fiber. The body also features a subframe back at the rear for the engine. The R1R also uses inboard suspension both front and rear, which also features inboard pushrod-operated Koni dampers. The car is able to push downforce that creates more weight than its own curb weight.
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Suspension was modified over the standard suspension with firmer springs and dampers, larger anti-roll bars, stronger front control arm ball joints, a lower ride height, heavy duty steering rack, and slightly more negative camber. Car and Driver magazine track-tested the car, which recorded a 0–60 mph (97 km/h) acceleration time of 5.6 seconds and a 1/4 mile time of 14.3 seconds.
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A Wet multi-plate clutch was driven by gears from the crankshaft, and a four-speed gearbox sent drive to the rear wheel by chain. The MV Agusta had a double cradle frame and girder forks. At the rear there was a swinging arm with friction dampers. Drum brakes were fitted front and back, 190 mm diameter at the front and 160 mm at the rear.
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Old cimbule exhibited in the Međimurje County Museum in Čakovec, northern Croatia Hutsul cimbalom (Ukraine) In Belarus a cymbaly school was established in 1948 by J. Zynovych. The Belarusian cymbaly differs from the concert cimbalom in timbre and size -- it is smaller and produces a sweeter, more mellow tone. Also, pedal dampers are not typically used. Instead, hands and fingers are used to dampen the strings.
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Motorcycle front suspension adopted coil sprung Druid forks from about 1906, and similar designs later added rotary friction dampers, which damped both ways - but they were adjustable (e.g. 1924 Webb forks). These friction disk shock absorbers were also fitted to many cars. One of the problems with motor cars was the large variation in sprung weight between lightly loaded and fully loaded, especially for the rear springs.
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Valves have many uses, including controlling water for irrigation, industrial uses for controlling processes, residential uses such as on/off and pressure control to dish and clothes washers and taps in the home. Even aerosol spray cans have a tiny valve built in. Valves are also used in the military and transport sectors. In HVAC ductwork and other near-atmospheric air flows, valves are instead called dampers.
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The front end design is derived from the earlier Super Hitachi 651 series trains, and the pale pink body colour with red lining is intended to evoke an image of the ume plums for which the area served by the trains is famous. The end cars and Green (first class) cars feature full active suspension for improved ride quality, and yaw dampers are fitted between cars.
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The B4 has adjustable dampers that can be calibrated to provide a softer compression but firmer rebound. The suspension system also has new bushings and anti-rollbars. The car has a Brembo braking system with front and rear brake discs working in conjunction with four piston callipers at the front and two piston callipers at the rear. The callipers are painted in a shade called Alpina blue.
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Artega GT The Artega GT was a two-seat hardtop coupé with a rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout. The car was built on an aluminum space-frame chassis, with carbon-fibre- reinforced bodywork. Suspension front and rear was by unequal-length upper and lower A-arms with coil-over dampers. Mechanical design was handled by Hardy Essig, formerly the technical designer for Porsche.
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In the 1600s, fear of witches caused persecution and trials. More than 200 women were tortured to death in Sweden. The last witch was sentenced in 1704 but it was not until 1779 that the death penalty for witchcraft was repealed. Because of this during this time period doors and dampers were secured to guard against the travel of the witches to Blockula to meet the Devil.
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The main differences from the pre-war model were round headlights as opposed to hexagonal ones, as well as improved leaf springs and dampers. From May 1950 the dashboard was redesigned and the shifter was relocated from the floor to the steering column.Ludvigsen, p. 61 With , the first post-war Kapitän could reach a top speed of , needed 29 seconds to reach , and consumed in the process.
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The rules allow a choice among five different spring rates at each corner, and the new Öhlins dampers offer separate bump and rebound adjustments. The driver can adjust the front anti- roll bar from the cockpit. The new car is substantially faster than the older car, usually lapping about 3 seconds faster per mile of track, but the original car remains legal for SCCA club racing.
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Air is often passed through an air heater; which, as the name suggests, heats the air going into the furnace in order to increase the overall efficiency of the boiler. Dampers are used to control the quantity of air admitted to the furnace. Forced draught furnaces usually have a positive pressure. # Balanced draught: Balanced draught is obtained through use of both induced and forced draft.
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In all cases, three-phase systems will handle more power and operate a bit more smoothly. The excitation is often 208/240 V 3-phase mains power. Many synchros operate on 30 to 60 V AC also. Synchro transmitters are as described, but 50 and 60-Hz synchro receivers require rotary dampers to keep their shafts from oscillating when not loaded (as with dials) or lightly loaded in high- accuracy applications.
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The OF-40 rests on an independent torsion bar suspension system with hydraulic shock absorbers and friction dampers on the first, second, third, sixth and seventh pairs of road wheels. The tank can also drive under water to a limited depth using a snorkel to feed the engine and comes equipped with two water pumps rated at 120 l/min used to evacuate water from the tank during fording.
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The function of a centrifugal pendulum absorber is as with any tuned mass absorbers based on an absorption principle rather than a damping principle. The distinction is significant since dampers reduce the vibration amplitude by converting the vibration energy into heat. Absorbers store the energy and return it to the vibration system at the appropriate time. Centrifugal pendulum absorbers like tuned mass absorbers are not part of the force/torque flow.
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Components may also be held to the steel surface by magnetic bases. Often, the table's legs are pneumatic vibration dampers. For even more accurate setups, one also prevents air movements and temperature gradients by enclosing the surface in a box of transparent plastic such as Plexiglas. One may also use a "flowbox", a device which produces a laminar stream of air flowing downwards, kept at constant temperature by special air conditioning.
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In November 1981 all HL and HLS models were fitted with upgraded interior trim. Finally, in September 1982, a revised Ital range was introduced. The L and 2.0 litre models were dropped and the HL and HLS were replaced by the SL and SLX models. Front suspension was changed to telescopic front dampers across the range and parabolic rear springs were also fitted, together with additional soundproofing and improved trim.
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In 1440, Arnault de Zwolle described what is believed to be the first keyboard instrument which used a tangent action. It is speculated that this was a clavichord or harpsichord. Pantaleon Hebenstreit is credited with the creation in 1705 of the first tangent piano. Christoph Gottlieb Schroter claimed that he invented the new tangent piano by letting blank harpsichord jacks hit the strings, also incorporating dampers into the action.
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This technique proved inadequate when better research on the effects of nuclear weapons became available. It is debated that the concrete structures which were rigidly built on the tunnel floor could collapse from the ground shockwave of a nearby nuclear detonation. Starting in the 1960s, all newer installations were built with steel-framed structures isolated from the surrounding rock with some type of elastic dampers (springs, rubber blocks, etc.).
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The beam axle had being replaced by an unequal level wishbones system, along with coil springs with telescopic dampers. Additionally, the torque tube was also replaced by an open propeller shaft. It was featuring the same 1703cc engine and the 3-speed gearbox also featured on the Ford Consul Mk2, but with modifications. This engine had larger capacity from the car's competitors, subsequently having better performance from them.
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It is commonly used to manufacture O-rings for automotive air-conditioning systems. Other applications include timing belts, dampers, servo hoses, membranes, and seals. Depending on filler selection and loading, HNBR compounds typically have tensile strengths of 20–31 MPa at 23 °C. Compounding techniques allow for HNBR to be used over a broad temperature range, −40 °C to 165 °C, with minimal degradation over long periods of time.
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Ford says the changes have resulted in a 14-percent reduction in drag and a 66-percent increase in front-end downforce. Also new for 2013 is a larger front anti-roll bar and retuned springs. An rpm- adjustable electronic launch-control function is standard, as is four-mode electronic stability control. A Performance package is also offered, adding two-mode adjustable Bilstein dampers and a Torsen limited-slip rear differential.
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Coil springs and dampers were used throughout. The Excel is also known for its good cornering and excellent handling thanks to 50:50 weight distribution. According to Lotus records, only 1 Excel was manufactured to USA specifications. The decision not to release the model in the USA was due to that country's stringent emission regulations (which would hinder the car's performance), and poor sales of the car in Europe.
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Twite, p.1326. In Britain, these were mated to a four-speed gearbox, as the Mark 4T; in international racing, these cars were fitted with a Hewland/Volkswagen 5-speed.Twite, p.1326. A Mark 4A driven by Richard Redgrave finished second in the 1963 Copenhagen Cup at the Roskilde Ring. By then, Merlyns had coil springs and dampers horizontally mounted, operated by rods from the suspension.Twite, p.1326.
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The brakes used in the car have ventilated discs with 4-piston calipers at the front and ventilated discs with 2-piston calipers at the rear. The aluminium calipers feature Alpina lettering with classic Alpina Blue colour. The suspension system is mostly based on the donor car but features adjustable dampers and Eibach springs which are 45 percent more stiffer. The system also features Alpina specific roll bars.
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Boeing, General Electric Aircraft Engines, Goodrich Corporation, NASA, Texas A&M; University and All Nippon Airways developed the Variable Geometry Chevron using a NiTi SMA. Such a variable area fan nozzle (VAFN) design would allow for quieter and more efficient jet engines in the future. In 2005 and 2006, Boeing conducted successful flight testing of this technology. SMAs are being explored as vibration dampers for launch vehicles and commercial jet engines.
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For a time, the surviving CR.42s were relegated to training roles. During spring 1944, a night assault CR.42 Squadron was formed. These aircraft were equipped with flame dampers and bomb racks for the carriage of four 50 kg bombs; however, these planes were reportedly not used operationally. The majority of Hungary's CR.42s were lost in training accidents and strafing attacks by U.S. aircraft during 1944.
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The Cullinan uses a double- wishbone front axle and a 5-link rear axle. It is fitted with self-levelling air suspension and electronically controlled dampers front and rear. It is also equipped with electrically actuated active anti-roll bars. The Cullinan is also fitted with a stereo camera integrated into the front windscreen that scans the road ahead and adjusts the suspension proactively so as to improve ride quality.
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66, no.1754. Robertson, Brooman & Co., London. 1857. p. 280 and in 1862 patented further improvements with the aim of rendering the action very compact by moving the dampers below the hammers and operating them by projections attached at the far ends of the escapement levers. He also claimed a pivoting stand for square pianos in order for them to swing up and out of the way when not in use.
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It has a carbon fibre composite monocoque chassis, and uses Brembo carbon disc brakes with six-piston calipers, whilst the front and rear suspensions consist of double wishbones, push-rod actuated springs connected to Sachs dampers, and anti-roll bars . The car made its first public static appearance at the 1000 km of Nürburgring in July 2006, which was the third round of the Le Mans Series (LMS).
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Natural ventilation schemes can use very little energy, but care must be taken to ensure comfort. In warm or humid climates, maintaining thermal comfort solely via natural ventilation might not be possible. Air conditioning systems are used, either as backups or supplements. Air-side economizers also use outside air to condition spaces, but do so using fans, ducts, dampers, and control systems to introduce and distribute cool outdoor air when appropriate.
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The rear suspension system uses Bilstein continuously variable dampers and the car uses carbon ceramic brakes. The GT-R50 comes standard in 21-inch carbon fibre wheels with Michelin Pilot Super Sport tyres. The design of the body work is a result of a collaboration between Italdesign and Nissan, with the former celebrating its 50th anniversary in 2018. Construction of the body work is mainly of aluminium and carbon fibre.
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In large commercial installations, vacuum or compressed air may be used instead. In either case, the motor is usually connected to the damper via a mechanical coupling. For electrical zone dampers, there are two principal designs. In one design, the motor is often a small shaded-pole synchronous motor combined with a rotary switch that can disconnect the motor at either of the two stopping points ("damper open" or "damper closed").
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Damaged structural members were repaired or replaced, and decorative fixtures such as transom carvings and other artwork, were painstaking restored. When the building was reassembled, aseismic structural augmentation (dampers) was installed to protect it from earthquake damage. New gold leaf was applied to the indoor pillars, and all exposed surfaces were finished with vermilion using traditional methods.Nichiren Shōshū Nyūmon (日蓮正宗入門: "Introduction to Nichiren Shoshu"), p. 337.
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The need for adjustable damping was so great that it was even useful to provide a means of adjusting this whilst driving. This was a feature only used on luxury cars, often larger cars that might need to set their suspension for varying numbers of passengers. Stiffness could be increased between "town" and a stiffer setting for the faster open road. These dampers were best known under the Telecontrol brand name.
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Aston Martin Vantage AMR GT3 leaving the pits at Donington Park The Vantage GT3 is the successor of the V12 Vantage GT3. The engine has a power output of and of torque. It features a quick-shifting Xtrac 6-speed sequential gearbox, an Alcon motorsport multi-plate clutch, Öhlins four-way adjustable dampers, Alcon brakes, and a Bosch anti-lock braking system. The Vantage GT3 has a dry weight of .
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The valves open automatically as the ship climbs; air is released, the ballonets collapse and the helium expands. During descent, air from the propeller ducts, and/or electric fans is used to inflate the ballonets, and keep the envelope from collapsing. The ballonets can be independently filled by using shut-off dampers in the air supply trunking. Through differential inflation a measure of pitch trim can be obtained.
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The dampers are built by Bilstein, and are three-way adjustable (comfort, sport, auto). The car utilises Brembo carbon ceramic brakes with sizes 380 x 34 mm at the front and rear along with 6-piston callipers up front and 4-piston callipers at the rear. Michelin supplies their Sport Cup 2 high performance tires for the cars, to allow for maximum performance and grip. Pankl Racing Systems is the supplier for the differential.
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El-Shafei is known for his work on Squeeze Film Dampers. He is also known for his technology for the control of rotating machinery vibration and has three US patents in his name. In July 2017 El-Shafei won the Innovation Prize for Africa for his invention SEMAJIB (Smart Electro-Mechanical Actuator Journal Integrated Bearing). His invention boosts the performance of energy-generating turbines so the costs to produce power are reduced.
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The suspension consisted of four inverted quarter-elliptical leaf springs. Friction dampers became fitted, at the rear from 1925 on the heavier "Cabriolet". At the end of 1923, the short chassis Type C.2 was lengthened by 10 cm from 2.25 m (7 ft 5 in) to 2.35m (7 ft 9 in) and re-inforced by an additional crossbar which protruded from the rear deck and supported the rear of the body.
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Besides cosmetic changes, the updated Outlander has somewhat reduced cabin noise via increased use of sound insulation, thicker door glass, dynamic suspension and differential dampers, and thicker weatherstripping. The suspension and steering are re-tuned and a new generation Jatco CVT8 transmission introduced for four-cylinder models. The revised SUV first went on sale in Russia in April 2015, followed by the Australia in June and Canada and the Caribbean in July.
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In addition to the safety concerns of Honda's Advanced Compatibility Engineering, there is focus on body stiffness and dynamic handling response by improving structural rigidity around the front strut tower and lower control arm. All but the LX trim feature a strut bar. All trims receive upgraded shocks front and rear. The Touring trim now comes with more sophisticated double piston shocks called "Amplitude Reactive Dampers" that have been recently introduced on several Acura models.
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The narrow angle of the cylinder bank's V allowed the use of a one piece head, a practice used by Lancia in its early V4 automobile engines. The rear suspension was a cantilever design using two springs and friction dampers beneath the saddle, very similar to the 1928 Vincent HRD design. Linked brakes were used, as had appeared on the 1925 Rudge Four. The carburettor was an Amal type 4/014 (bottom petrol feed).
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DSSV dampers were also supplied for Red Bull Racing's four consecutive Formula One titles from 2010 to 2013, and have equipped nearly half the field at the 24 Hours of Le Mans. Road car DSSV applications include the Aston Martin One-77, Chevrolet Camaro Z/28 (Fifth-Generation), Aston Martin Vulcan, Mercedes-AMG GT, 2017+ Ford GT, Chevrolet Colorado ZR2, 2018 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 1LE., Ferrari SF90 Stradale "Assetto Fiorano" spec and Lotus Evija.
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It was transversely mounted in unit with the transaxle transmission assembly, which was below and to the rear of the engine's sump. All models used a fully synchromesh 5-speed "dog-leg" manual gearbox and a clutch-type limited slip differential. Suspension was all-independent, comprising double wishbones, coaxial coil springs and hydraulic dampers, and anti-roll bars on both axles; four wheel vented disc brakes were also fitted. Steering was unassisted rack and pinion.
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A clutch damper is a device that softens the response of the clutch engagement/disengagement. In automotive applications, this is often provided by a mechanism in the clutch disc centres. In addition to the damped disc centres, which reduce driveline vibration, pre-dampers may be used to reduce gear rattle at idle by changing the natural frequency of the disc. These weaker springs are compressed solely by the radial vibrations of an idling engine.
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Most also have vibration dampers for height and pitch. Some also use mechanical feedback systems to sense and counter vibration. Usually the feedback system uses a mass as a "stable reference" and a linkage from the mass operates a flap to adjust the rotor's angle of attack to counter the vibration. Adjustment is difficult in part because measurement of the vibration is hard, usually requiring sophisticated accelerometers mounted throughout the airframe and gearboxes.
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The MC12's chassis is a monocoque made of carbon and nomex, with an aluminium sub-chassis at the front and rear. It has a roll bar to provide additional strength, comfort and safety. Double wishbone suspension with push- rod-operated coil springs provide stability and dampers smooth the ride for the passengers. The front of the car can be raised for speed bumps and hills by pressing a button that extends the front suspension.
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The experimental trainset is being tested at speeds of up to around to evaluate new technologies to be incorporated into new trains to operate in revenue service at speeds of up to . These technologies include dampers to reduce vibration and the likelihood of derailment in major earthquakes. It also tests body designs that reduce snow adherence. The E956 train evaluates two different end car nose profiles, just like the earlier Fastech 360.
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Production version The OWL has carbon fibre body work built around a carbon fibre monocoque chassis weighing . There is a stainless steel support structure incorporated in the roof to increase the strength of the bodywork. Changes to the bodywork from the concept include the addition of wing mirrors, an active rear wing and a redesigned rear glass. The car features a double wishbone suspension system with hydraulic dampers and torque vectoring for improved handling.
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When heat recovery is not required, it is typical for the device to be bypassed by use of dampers arranged within the ventilation distribution system. Assuming the fans are fitted with inverter speed controls, set to maintain a constant pressure in the ventilation system, then the reduced pressure drop leads to a slowing of the fan motor and thus reducing power consumption, and in turn improves the seasonal efficiency of the system.
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Quattroporte 4200 V8 engine The first generation of the Quattroporte had a steel unibody structure, complemented by a front subframe. Front suspension was independent, with coil springs and hydraulic dampers. Rear suspension used a coil sprung De Dion tube featuring inboard brakes on the first series, later changed to a more conventional Salisbury leaf sprung solid axle with a single trailing link on the second series. On both axles there were anti-roll bars.
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Slave starting using a second vehicle in the event of battery failure can be achieved using a connector in the rear of the hull. An auxiliary power unit can supply 4.2 kW of electricity if required. Running gear consists of seven dual rubber-tyred road wheels and four rubber-tyred track return rollers on each side, with idler front and drive sprocket to the rear. Road wheel suspension is provided by torsion bar and dampers.
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The various bushings or ball joints do not have to be on horizontal axes, parallel to the vehicle centre line. If they are set at an angle, then anti-dive and anti-squat geometry can be dialled in. In many racing cars, the springs and dampers are relocated inside the bodywork. The suspension uses a bellcrank to transfer the forces at the knuckle end of the suspension to the internal spring and damper.
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The drivers had to use two pedals to shift: upshift on one side and downshift on the other. A parallelogram fork was used at the rear, which would have been useful to keep chain tension constant, but was not an advantage with shaft drive. The fork was equipped with torsion suspension and friction dampers. The frame was a double cradle, of which the front part was made from tubing and the rear pressed sheet metal.
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2019 Honda NSX In August 2018, Honda announced improvements for the 2019 model year. The improvements included larger front and rear stabilizer bars, which increased front stiffness by 26 percent and rear stiffness by 19 percent, as well as 21 percent stiffer rear toe link bushings. New specially developed Continental tires were also included. These led to software optimizations to the Sport Hybrid SH-AWD system, active magnetorheological dampers, electric power steering and VSA settings.
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The FormulaSPEED car is built on a chassis manufactured by Fast Forward Racing Components and constructed out of 4130 Chrome Moly Alloy steel tubing. The firewall, undertray, and side panels are bonded and riveted aluminum. Fiberglass is used for the bodywork, with 4-layer Kevlar for side protection and composite structure for front crash protection. Suspension is double-wishbone with dampers and springs provided by Öhlins and uprights of billet aluminum alloy 7075.
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CUSCO is a Japanese automotive parts company, specializing in car suspension parts. They are most famous for their coilover suspensions, and are a large presence in the Japanese automotive aftermarket in the domestic Japanese market and around the globe. A notable product of CUSCO is the "E-CON", a coilover suspension set with electronically controlled dampers. Cusco sponsored a high performance, RWD mid-engined two-door version of the Subaru WRX STI for professional racing.
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All notes played with the sustain pedal ring until the player releases the sustain pedal (or until the note completely decays). With the dampers not applied, octave, fifth, and other overtones vibrate sympathetically, producing a richer sound. Most electronic keyboards also have a sustain pedal that holds notes and chords, but only high-end digital keyboards reproduce the sympathetic vibration effect. Electromechanical keyboards and electronic keyboards offer a range of other expression devices.
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A Varsity Punt race between the two University punting societies is planned on the Cam for 2014. Less formal punt races have also been conducted between the Cambridge Dampers Club, and its one-time Oxford rival the Charon Club. Races were conducted on the Cam or the Cherwell using normal pleasure punts in relays, traditionally with female undergraduates on each side as the batons, jumping between boats on each leg of the race.Rivington 1982, p.
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It supported theories of vehicle design which led to most later designs of train. A similar converted UIC long-wheelbase four-wheeled ferry van (HSFV4) was utilised for high-speed trials. HSFV4 had two coil springs with two 45-degree-inclined hydraulic dampers and a traction rod at each corner. Although they were excellent riding vehicles in the railway of the day they were viewed as experimental only and far too expensive for widespread adoption.
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The moped chassis is constructed from two pressed-steel halves welded together down the centre-line, with pressed steel leading link fork front, and swingarm rear suspension with telescopic dampers. The under seat 3-litre petrol tank is single sided on the left of the machine. A plastic toolbox takes the position of a dummy fuel tank on the right hand side. Behind the single seat is a useful pressed steel carrier rack.
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The cars mainly used a tuned version of the proven Riley twin-cam 2.4-litre four-cylinder engine in a light steel box-section chassis of their own design using independent front suspension by coil springs and alloy trailing arms with Girling dampers. The rear suspension used a Riley live axle with coil springs again. Advanced design allowed soft springing to be combined with excellent road holding. Lockheed hydraulic brakes were used.
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In order to maintain indoor air quality, air handlers commonly have provisions to allow the introduction of outside air into, and the exhausting of air from the building. In temperate climates, mixing the right amount of cooler outside air with warmer return air can be used to approach the desired supply air temperature. A mixing chamber is therefore used which has dampers controlling the ratio between the return, outside, and exhaust air.
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The chassis was based on a pressed steel ladder frame with channel-section side members and fabricated and tubular cross members. Suspension was by semi-elliptic leaf springs and Watson Stabilator dampers front and rear, with a tubular beam axle at the front and a live axle and radius rods at the rear. The standard wheelbase was , with a wheelbase of available for seven-passenger bodies. The front and rear tracks were both wide.
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Automotive writer Craig Cheetham opined that Reliants in general appealed to "the older generations among Britain's population" because of the car's durability and that "the average buyers" of the Kitten "were well into their sixties". In October 1976 a new de luxe version of the Kitten, branded as the Kitten DL, was announced. Improvements included revised springs and dampers and a different anti-roll bar. But mainly the DL model was an interior improvement package.
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Powered by two Rolls-Royce Merlin 113/114 piston engines; 266 built. Max level speeds (TAS) with flame dampers fitted were at sea level, at , and at . The NF Mk 38, 101 of which were built, was also similar to the Mosquito NF Mk 30, but fitted with the British-built AI Mk IX radar. This variant suffered from stability problems and did not enter RAF service: 60 were eventually sold to Yugoslavia.
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Because they are tuned an octave above their constituent pitch, true aliquot strings transmit strong vibrations to the soundboard. Duplex scaling, which typically is tuned a double octave or more above the speaking length, does not. And because aliquot strings are so active, they require dampers or they would sustain uncontrollably and muddy the sound. Aliquot stringing broadens the vibrational energy throughout the instrument, and creates an unusually complex and colorful tone.
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Note the indicator stalk from the Morris Marina. Other improvements debuting on the VT included front air intakes below the driving lamps to improve brake cooling, larger intakes in the rear arches, a more ergonomic interior with a revised electronically adjustable dampers, four-piston brake calipers, power steering, and minor engine refinements. Many of these improvements, save the four-wheel drive system, soon transferred to the base Diablo, making the cars visually nearly identical.
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Natural grain leather could now be fitted to the A and C pillars, and two new veneers became available. Technical modifications include re-designed front and rear struts coupled to new steering gear, as well as adjusted dampers and new rear hydraulic axle bearings. The Series II also gained advanced LED headlights. With the Series II Rolls-Royce also offers a "Dynamic Driving Package" that they claim offers a more involving driving experience.
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The black keys are for the "accidentals" (F/G, G/A, A/B, C/D, and D/E), which are needed to play in all twelve keys. More rarely, some pianos have additional keys (which require additional strings). Most notes have three strings, except for the bass, which graduates from one to two. The strings are sounded when keys are pressed or struck, and silenced by dampers when the hands are lifted from the keyboard.
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Spool valve dampers are characterized by the use of hollow cylindrical sleeves with machined-in oil passages as opposed to traditional conventional flexible discs or shims. Spool valving can be applied with monotube, twin-tube, and/or position-sensitive packaging, and is compatible with electronic control. Primary among benefits cited in Multimatic’s 2010 patent filing is the elimination of performance ambiguity associated with flexible shims, resulting in mathematically predictable, repeatable, and robust pressure-flow characteristics.
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In addition to the road cars, the factory produced six GTs built specifically for competition. The interiors of these cars were stripped of all unnecessary trim and carpeting. Brakes at all four wheels became Cooper 'S' discs, and anti-roll bars were fitted front and rear. Other upgraded components included Rose-jointed suspension links, adjustable dampers, an adjustable brake balance bar, and a rubber bladder fuel tank bag and Monza-type fuel filler cap.
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It was revealed in July 2020 that the Grenadier is due to be powered by BMW six-cylinder engines.Tchnical details from the Ineos promotional film. and would feature a box-section ladder frame with up to 4mm wall thickness. The company also announced the vehicle would feature beam axles both front and rear made by the Carraro Group in Italy, while the suspension would be a multi-link set-up with separate coils and dampers.
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The added features included beams, shells, rigid bodies, single surface contact, interface friction, discrete springs and dampers, optional hourglass treatments, optional exact volume integration, and VAX/VMS, IBM, UNIX, COS operating system compatibility. At this point, DYNA3D became the first code to have a general single surface contact algorithm. Metal forming simulation and composite analysis capabilities were added to DYNA3D in 1987. This version included changes to the shell elements, and dynamic relaxation.
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Opposed blade dampers in a mixing duct. A damper is a valve or plate that stops or regulates the flow of air inside a duct, chimney, VAV box, air handler, or other air-handling equipment. A damper may be used to cut off central air conditioning (heating or cooling) to an unused room, or to regulate it for room-by-room temperature and climate control. Its operation can be manual or automatic.
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Beaudoin has been featured by several drumming magazines, including Drums Etc (Canada - Sept. 2014 - magazine cover), Revolver (US - Aug/Sep 2015) and Drumheads (June/July 2016). Beaudoin has previously been endorsed by: Pearl Drums, Paiste Cymbals, Vic Firth Sticks, Evans Drumheads, Puresound Snare Wires, Sennheiser Microphones, Humes & Berg Drum Cases, Roland V-Drums, Neural DSP plugins, GASP bodybuilding clothes, 64 Audio In-Ear Monitors, Czarcie Kopyto drum Pedals and SlapKlatz Gel Dampers.
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Both front and rear of the car were equipped with coil springs, tubular dampers, an anti-roll bar and disk brakes. The coupe was bodied in steel with aluminum hood and trunk lids and weighed dry. Autocar magazine tested the 1000 GT shortly after its introduction and recorded a 0-60 mph time of 14.0 seconds and a 1/4 mile run in 19.3 seconds. At least two fiberglass-bodied convertibles were also produced.
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The car chassis had high stiffness monocoque, of high strength alloy and steel, utilising the latest techniques in assembly with emphasis placed on ease of maintenance and repair. The front suspension of the car was independent, with double wishbones operating entirely on adjustable rod-ends and a separate anti-roll bar. Springing by coil springs was enabled in conjunction with Armstrong dampers, incorporating adjustable spring platforms. The suspension has built-in anti- dive qualities.
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The park spent $3.4 million on repairs to the bridge, including dampers to reduce the bounciness. The lawsuit was settled for $1.95 million with no admission of wrongdoing. The bridge reopened in April 2017, but was closed again in mid-2018 after the wood had started deteriorating significantly, despite the wood's properties as being "extremely rot-resistant". Retrofitting the bridge would have cost almost the same as rebuilding it, in addition to maintenance costs.
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Single track tunnels experience the maximum effect but clearance between rolling stock and the tunnel as well as the shape of the front of the train affect its strength. Air flow caused by the piston effect can exert large forces on the installations inside the tunnel and so these installations have to be carefully designed and installed properly. Non-return dampers are sometimes needed to prevent stalling of ventilation fans caused by this air flow.
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Krauss discusses the physics involved in various concepts and objects described in the Star Trek universe. He investigates the possibility of such things as inertial dampers and warp drive, and whether physics as we know it would allow such inventions. He also discusses time travel, light speed, pure energy beings, wormholes, teleportation, and other concepts that are staples of the Star Trek universe. The book includes a foreword by astrophysicist Stephen Hawking.
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The damping force of a friction shock absorber is adjusted with the central pivot and clamping bolt. A star-shaped spring applies a force to the stack of disks. The damping force is roughly proportional to this force and the clamping nut is provided with a pointer arm to indicate the approximate setting. Installation in rear suspension André Hartford dampers were made in four sizes, according to vehicle weight and intended use.
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They are mounted on flapping hinges and have drag hinge dampers. The control column alters cyclic pitch via a pair of swashplates and pedals make torque corrections and control yaw by changing the relative collective pitch of the two rotors. A mechanical inertial governor limited rotor accelerations; the pilot could increase the collective pitch over that set by the governor but not below it, emergencies apart. The G.11E's fuselage has a tapered, oval section.
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When considering an actuator for a particular application, the most important specifications are typically travel, speed, force, accuracy, and lifetime. Most varieties are mounted on dampers or butterfly valves."Linear Actuator Guide", Anaheim Automation, retrieved May 12, 2016"Electric Actuators", Baelz Automatic, retrieved May 12, 2016 There are many types of motors that can be used in a linear actuator system. These include dc brush, dc brushless, stepper, or in some cases, even induction motors.
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The cabin has been designed to accommodate people from 1.55 m (5 ft 1 in) tall to 1.91 m (6 ft 3 in) tall. The interior also incorporates an additional central screen, allowing the passenger to view information that would normally only be visible to the driver. The car features inboard front springs and dampers and replaceable GRP body panels, which are intended to reduce repair costs in the event of an accident.
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An rpm- adjustable electronic launch-control function was standard, as was a four-mode electronic stability control system. A Performance package was also offered, adding two-mode adjustable Bilstein dampers and a Torsen limited-slip rear differential. In addition to the Performance package, a Track package for road racing could be ordered bringing a transmission cooler, a nose-mounted differential cooler for the Torsen limited-slip unit, and an air-to-oil engine-oil cooler.
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The dampers were actuated via rockers by pushrods from the front uprights. The detachable nose section incorporates the front wing which was bolted from the underside and sat proud of the nose itself. The engine is attached to the tub via studs and nuts and acted as a fully stressed member. The cooling system was configured in a similar manner to that of the Indycars Newey had designed prior to his involvement with Formula One.
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Significant revisions were also made to the suspension to improve the handling: dampers from Bilstein and coil springs from Eibach are used in addition to reducing the ride height by and an increase in spring rate of 60%. Finally, the car was supplied with a unique upgraded twin exhaust system, with exhaust tailpipes branded as "Prodrive". Only 800 cars were made at an MSRP of £25,995. It was available in two colours, Galaxy Grey (380) and Brilliant Black (420).
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It was located by a longitudinal reaction strut on each side, linked to the axle at the front and to the aft leaf spring attachment point at the rear. On 2.4-litre cars, the independent rear suspension consisted on each side of a long oblique stamped steel link (incorporating the spring seat) and a transverse link, attached to the same crossmember which supported the differential; there were coil springs, single hydraulic dampers and an anti- roll bar.
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This piano had five pedals: a keyboard shift (quad to due corde), bassoon, moderator 1, moderator 2, and dampers. A different four-string system, aliquot stringing, was invented by Julius Blüthner in 1873, and is still a feature of Blüthner pianos. The Blüthner aliquot system uses an additional (hence fourth) string in each note of the top three piano octaves. This string is slightly higher than the other three strings so that it is not struck by the hammer.
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The 6-cylinder has larger exhaust tips with a brushed finish while the 4-cylinder makes do with smaller exhaust tips that are polished. The steering rack is carried over mechanically but was retuned electronically. The 4-cylinder is lighter, has 18-inch wheels with a different spoke design from the 19-inch forged wheels, no adaptive dampers, single piston brakes at the front and rear, and has no power seats. Both engines use 6.5-litres of oil.
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In the attached photo of a 5-link live axle suspension, the different types of links can be seen. These links work in tandem with the coil springs, dampers, and sway bar to control all six degrees of freedom of the axle. The upper links (orange) and the lower links (yellow) work in tandem to control the pitch, yaw and the fore and aft movement (surge). The panhard rod (green) controls the left and right movement (sway).
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Domestic water and steam based central heating systems have traditionally been controlled by bi-metallic strip thermostats, and this is dealt with later in this article. Purely mechanical control has been localised steam or hot-water radiator bi-metallic thermostats which regulated the individual flow. However, thermostatic radiator valves (TRV) are now being widely used. Purely mechanical thermostats are used to regulate dampers in some rooftop turbine vents, reducing building heat loss in cool or cold periods.
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The body of the system has forward stabilizers as well as spades and dampers. It has a cannon that can fire 155mm/39 calibre shells with an elevation angle from -3° up to 72° with a traverse limit of 22°. The hydro-pneumatic suspension allows for quick deployment of around 3 minutes and packing in 2 minutes. AH4 has an initial rate of fire up to 5 rounds per minute, and with continuous shooting at 2 rounds per minute.
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The publication gave the verdict: "Audi sends its mid-engined flagship in search of supercar scalps, and largely succeeds - even if rivals like the Porsche 911 Turbo provide greater driving limits." US automotive magazine Car & Driver tested the V10 plus and praised the aggressive design language with less radical "sideblades" along with quick acceleration and the engine noise but criticised the unavailability of some features on the US market cars such as magnetorheological dampers and laser headlamps.
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Another variation is a hybrid between VAV and CAV systems. In this system, the interior zones operate as in a VAV system. The outer zones differ in that the heating is supplied by a heating fan in a central location usually with a heating coil fed by the building boiler. The heated air is ducted to the exterior dual duct mixing boxes and dampers controlled by the zone thermostat calling for either cooled or heated air as needed.
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Driving cab of a DBAG Class 232 The locomotives are constructed on a steel frame with attached carbody; units with electric heating are longer due to the extra space requirements. The two 3-axle bogies pivot on a central pin, with primary suspension being of the coil spring type with additional dampers. The power transmission is electric. In the original Class 130 a 16-cylinder turbo-charged diesel engine created electric energy for the nose-suspended DC traction motors.
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The SX150 came in Spring Grey or Apple Green and the final batch came in White Thorn and internal bodywork was sprayed New White. In foreign markets side panel colours came in Red and Blue. The SX200 only came in New White when it was first released and then White Thorn for the final batch, dampers were sprayed Fiat 690 Metallic Grey. In foreign markets side panel colours came in Red,Blue, Green, Gold, Purple and Black.
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DAVE contains three aluminum beams which will be used to study the effects of microgravity on vibration damping. Each beam contains a mass on the tip which is attached to an accelerometer, used to identify the resonance peaks of each beam. One beam acts as an undamped control system, while the other two beams contain two types of tungsten particle dampers. Each beam is driven by a high-voltage piezoelectric element over a range of frequencies.
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According to Brandt, the only remarkable feature of the 6-ton tanks was their suspension dampers. He advised against firing the tank guns while moving, a guideline that became standard during World War II. Brandt also recommended that all crew members undertake training as drivers.Sigal Fogliani, p. 150 The tanks were employed primarily as part of artillery units, almost as self-propelled support pieces, and infantry units were not trained to operate jointly with armoured units.
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For mechanical pianos it is possible to press down the sustain pedal only partially such that the dampers just touch the strings very slightly. This technique for the advanced pianist is called half pedaling and allows a fine variation of the sound. It can be observed that with half pedaling the damping is more effective for the higher tones. An example for a musical piece that is played with half pedaling by some pianists is Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata.
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The net result was a reduction in overall weight, but the unsprung weight increased due to the relocation of the brakes more than offsetting the weight reductions on springs and dampers, and the NVH isolation deteriorated slightly. In 1993 on late XJ40 models, the attachment of the lower wishbone to the hub carrier was changed to use a bolt with eccentric head, enabling the rear toe-in adjustment that was not possible before without bending the arms.
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The lower 48 floors contain shops, restaurants, clinics, and offices. The building contains two tuned mass dampers on the (hidden) 71st floor on opposite corners of the building. On the 69th floor there is an observatory, Sky Garden, from which one can see a 360-degree view of the city, and on clear days Mount Fuji. The tower contains what were at their inauguration the world's second fastest elevators (installed by Mitsubishi Electric), which reach speeds of ().
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Furthermore, the Xi featured an electronically controlled suspension with four-way adjustable shock absorbers (dampers) and adjustable pneumatic springs in addition to the standard coil springs. This system automatically adjusts spring and damper rates commensurate with road conditions, speed and driving style. An anti-lock braking system (ABS) and driver's airbag became available for the first time on both Veradas. The New Zealand export cars were badged Magna and V3000, based on their respective four- and six-cylinder engines.
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Cort added dampers to the chimney, avoiding some of the risk of overheating and 'burning' the iron. Cort's process consisted of stirring molten pig iron in a reverberatory furnace in an oxidising atmosphere, thus decarburising it. When the iron "came to nature", that is, to a pasty consistency, it was gathered into a puddled ball, shingled, and rolled (as described below). This application of grooved rollers to the rolling mill, to roll narrow bars, was also Cort's invention.
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The annular atmospheric condenser was easier to control with respect to cooling rates. The gas in the tall vertical cylinders was annular in form and allowed an inside and outside surface to be exposed to cooling air. The diagonal side pipes conveyed the warm gas to the upper ends of each annular cylinder. Butterfly valves or dampers were fitted to the top of each vertical air pipe, so that the amount of cooling could be regulated.
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The suspension setup in the third generation Saga, like the FLX previously, consists of MacPherson struts with stabiliser bars at the front and torsion beam axles at the rear. However, Proton has fitted new springs and dampers, as well as a new strut bar in the engine bay for improved handling and control. Proton has also lowered the steering ratio to 16:1 from 20:1 previously, and reduced the steering effort to 2.75 kgf from 3.0 kgf.
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Lotus Evora S In 2010, Lotus unveiled a high performance variant of the Evora called the Evora S. The "S" in the name stood for "Supercharged". The car had the same standard design but was more powerful, now rated at and of torque due to a new supercharger manufactured by Harrop. The exhaust of the car was also replaced with a single-tubed exhaust system. The suspension's dampers were re-calibrated to suit the vehicle's new suspension characteristics.
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VAMTOX systems have a system of valves and dampers that direct the methane flow across the ceramic bed. On system start up, the system preheats and raises the temperature of the heat exchange material in the oxidizer bed to or above the auto-oxidation temperature of methane (1,000 °C or 1,832 °F). Then the preheating system is turned off and mine exhaust air is introduced. When the methane-filled air reaches the preheated bed, it oxidizes and releases heat.
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University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, 1989. p.345 the Mathushek Piano Manufacturing Company brought out Spinet Grand square pianos which occupied "only the space of a lounge"Federal Trade Commission Decisions, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 1939. p.1151 which updated the old colibri design and substituted current grand piano actions and dampers. A patent for improvements incorporated in it was issued to Fernando A. Wessell, of Red Bank, New Jersey in 1935.
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The connection between motor and reduction gear is via a diaphragm coupling, and the gearbox output drives a hollow shaft connected to the axle via a flexible coupling. The bogie suspension system consisted of coil primary suspension, and flexicoil secondary suspension with anti-hunting and anti-rocking dampers. Tractive forces from bogie to locomotive were transferred via traction rods connected to a low lying connection at the bogie pivot centre. Mechanical braking was by wheel mounted disc brakes.
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An early Yezdi Roadking CB Unit Model The bike was silently launched in India in the late 1970s by Ideal Jawa. It had a prominent fuel tank and was finished in signature Jawa maroon and sometimes in black and gold pinstripe, priced slightly higher than the Classic and CL II models. The troublesome contact breaker ignition was replaced in 1993 with an electronic CDI unit. Until 1989, Roadkings had a provision for adjusting the front fork dampers.
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Yaw dampers usually consist of a yaw rate sensor (either a gyroscope or angular accelerometer), a computer/amplifier and a servo actuator. The yaw damper uses yaw rate sensor to sense when the aircraft begins a Dutch roll. A computer processes the signals from the yaw rate sensor to determine the amount of rudder movement that is required to dampen out the Dutch roll. The computer then commands the servo actuator to move the rudder that amount.
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The increase in moving parts and crankshaft load is one drawback. Car washes often use these triplex- style plunger pumps (perhaps without pulsation dampers). In 1968, William Bruggeman reduced the size of the triplex pump and increased the lifespan so that car washes could use equipment with smaller footprints. Durable high- pressure seals, low-pressure seals and oil seals, hardened crankshafts, hardened connecting rods, thick ceramic plungers and heavier duty ball and roller bearings improve reliability in triplex pumps.
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As well as being lower and stiffer, it has quicker dampers, larger anti-roll bars, harder bushings and hydraulic Self-levelling suspension (SLS) on the rear. This allows the rear ride height to remain constant even when the car is fully loaded. At the inauguration of the new, shorter Nürburgring in 1984, a race with identical cars was held, with former and current F1 drivers at the wheel. A then unknown Ayrton Senna took first place.
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The tires were from Kumho, using a set of tires called the Kumho Ecsta V720 ACR, a variant of the V720 specifically built for the ACR. The front tires are P295/25R19Z, slightly smaller than the regular Viper, and P355/30R19Z at the rear. Suspension system is manufactured by Bilstein, which has 10 settings for rebound and compression tuning for the dampers. The options for the car are very diverse, like all of the other Viper trims.
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The car features 95% new bodywork, Ohlins dampers and an adapted cooling system. In addition, as per the new Generation 2 Regulations, Traction control has been introduced, while some safety-related changes have been made to the driver's headrest and seat, along with Zylon side panels. A new engine, the Nissan VK56 is also introduced, with an additional 35 hp. The car had its initial shakedown at the Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours, ahead of its unveiling.
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Another fairly recent method incorporates magnetorheological dampers with a brand name MagneRide. It was initially developed by Delphi Corporation for GM and was standard, as many other new technologies, for Cadillac STS (from model 2002), and on some other GM models from 2003. This was an upgrade for semi-active systems ("automatic road- sensing suspensions") used in upscale GM vehicles for decades. It allows, together with faster modern computers, changing the stiffness of all wheel suspensions independently.
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Sauter produces hardware and software for regulation, control and building management systems for applications in the fields of heating, ventilation and air conditioning. The product range includes room sensors, transducers, thermostats, pressure switches, electrical actuators, pneumatic actuators, valves, mixing valves, and dampers. On the management level, Sauter develops various software solutions for building management, as well as systems and room automation stations for individual room control and room management. Development and production takes place at the factory in Basel.
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This section is not an exhaustive set of rules; it is intended to give the reader an idea of the preparation level of the cars in this class. Spec Focus use specific Multimatic Inverted Dynamic dampers with Multimatic springs and adjustable front and rear sway bars, SVT Brake kit. Toyo Tires are specified for the Spec Focus Series. The tire are 215/45x17 Toyo R888 Race tires that will fit on a Ford Racing Performance Parts 17x7 wheel.
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Rubber dampers provide shock absorption, and hydraulic brakes are used for wheel braking. The power plant comprises one 340 hp Textron Lycoming GSO-480-B1J6 piston engine and Hartzell HC-B3Z20-1/10151C-5 three-blade metal variable-pitch propeller. The engine cooling airflow is intensified by means of two specially designed ejectors. 36 US Gal of fuel contained in two rubber tanks enables a flight range of 350 NM for the fully armed configuration of the aircraft.
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It survives today (and is kept in Salzburg, previously having been the property of Mozart's son Carl in Milan), but cannot provide reliable testimony for Mozart's own performance practice due to Walter's modifications: the type of hammer mechanism appears to have been changed and furthermore when Mozart owned the piano there may only have been hand operated levers for the dampers. A Walter instrument in Nuremberg, inv. MIR 1098, dated ca. 1790 by Latcham, uses hand operated levers.
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It was natural that the first HVAC controllers would be pneumatic since engineers understood fluid control. Thus, mechanical engineers could use their experience with the properties of steam and air to control the flow of heated or cooled air. After the control of air flow and temperature was standardized, the use of electromechanical relays in ladder logic to switch dampers became standardized. Eventually, the relays became electronic switches, as transistors eventually could handle greater current loads.
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Digital outputs are typically relay contacts used to start and stop equipment, and analog outputs are typically voltage or current signals to control the movement of the medium (air/water/steam) control devices such as valves, dampers, and motors. Groups of DDC controllers, networked or not, form a layer of system themselves. This "subsystem" is vital to the performance and basic operation of the overall HVAC system. The DDC system is the "brain" of the HVAC system.
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An opposed-blade, motor-closed, motor-opened zone damper. The damper is shown in the "open" position. Close-up of the motor connections. This damper can switch the electrical power to control additional "slave" dampers, minimizing the electrical load on the damper's control circuitry and power transformer A zone damper (also known as a Volume Control Damper or VCD) is a specific type of damper used to control the flow of air in an HVAC heating or cooling system.
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A linear actuator is an actuator that creates motion in a straight line, in contrast to the circular motion of a conventional electric motor. Linear actuators are used in machine tools and industrial machinery, in computer peripherals such as disk drives and printers, in valves and dampers, and in many other places where linear motion is required. Hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders inherently produce linear motion. Many other mechanisms are used to generate linear motion from a rotating motor.
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The E89 Z4 came standard with BMW EfficientDynamics technologies, such as regenerative braking and electric power steering. Models also feature an electric parking brake, engine start-stop system, directional headlights, and a driving mode selector with Comfort, Sport, and Sport+ modes which adjust throttle and gearbox behaviour, power steering weighting, and the adjustable dampers (with the optional 'Electronic Damper Control'). The models could also be ordered with the iDrive infotainment system with BMWConnected services and keyless entry.
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Shortly after its discovery, the inerter principle was used under the name of J-damper in the suspension systems of Formula 1 racing cars. When tuned to the natural oscillation frequencies of the tires, the inerter reduced the mechanical load on the suspension. McLaren Mercedes began using a J-damper in early 2005, and Renault shortly thereafter. J-dampers were at the center of the 2007 Formula One espionage controversy which arose when Phil Mackereth left McLaren for Renault.
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The five-star hotel has been operated by Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts since 2001, hosts 277 guest rooms and retail stores, and houses 142 luxury condominiums on the upper floors. The Four Seasons Hotel's restaurant is decorated with artwork and the hotel also operates a 10,000 sq.ft. fitness center. Non-linear viscous dampers located at the top of the hotel tower help dampen some of the wind sway due to powerful winds off the Pacific Ocean.
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All 31 cars ran on bogies of a newer design, classed X28250 by NZR, which offered a superior quality ride through inertial dampers and better suspension, and bore a resemblance to the Kinki-Sharyo- manufactured bogies, classed X27250 by NZR, under steam and postal vans built by Kinki. The bogies built especially for the Northerner trains four years later and the FM-class guards vans two to six years after that, and classed X28280, were heavily modelled on those under the Silver Star.
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The Third Doctor was a suave, dapper, technologically oriented, and authoritative man of action who practised Venusian Aikido. A keen scientist, he maintained a laboratory at UNIT where he enjoyed working on gadgets in his TARDIS. In his spare time, he was fond of motoring, handling all manner of vehicles. His favourite car was a canary-yellow vintage roadster that he nicknamed "Bessie", a construct which featured such modifications as a remote control, dramatically increased speed capabilities, and inertial dampers.
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Exhaust steam was re-condensed instead of escaping and fed back to the boiler. The locomotive was intended to operate conventionally in the open, but in tunnels dampers would be closed and steam would be generated using the stored heat from the fire bricks. Fowler's A class locomotive The first trial on the Great Western Railway in October 1861 was a failure. The condensing system leaked, causing the boiler to run dry and pressure to drop, risking a boiler explosion.
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Torre Mayor The Torre Mayor is located on Paseo de la Reforma at the western end of the colonia. It was finished in 2003, and from then to 2010, it was the tallest building in Latin America. It continues to be the tallest building in Mexico at 225.4 meters tall. Due to the earthquake-prone city, this tower was built with 96 dampers, which work like car shock absorbers to block the resonating effect of the lakebed and its own height.
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In 1945, the plant was given a work plan to produce items that were of the utmost importance for the recovery of the USSR economy: rotating steam cylinders, water-jacket furnaces, dampers, drying cylinders and traveling trolleys. The plant also continued the production of items for the Ministry of Defense. In 1946, the enterprise was renamed the Kuybyshev Strommashina Plant. In 1959, the plant switched from manufacturing relatively simple machines to producing highly complex equipment for the country's construction and chemical industries.
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The Silver Spirit II and Silver Spur II were refinements of the original models, introduced at the 1989 Frankfurt Motor Show. Suspension design saw the most change, with "Automatic Ride Control" introduced, a fully automatic system that adjusted dampers at all four wheels in real time. Other updates included the adoption of ABS and fuel injection as standard for all models and markets. The last Mark I Silver Spirit/Spur was chassis no KCH27798, with Mark II cars starting with 29001.
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The same changes applied to the V·Spec N1 were applied to the V·Spec II N1, with the exception of the V·Spec II carbon bonnet which was now unpainted. In May 2001, the M·Spec was introduced. It was based on the V-Spec II, but had special "Ripple control" dampers, revised suspension set up, stiffer rear sway bar and a leather interior with heated front seats. The 'M' on the M·Spec stood for Mizuno who is the chief engineer of Nissan.
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Richard won the 2001 WRC Drivers Championship for SWRT. The RB320 was available only in Obsidian Black, and also features bespoke alloy wheels and specially developed Prodrive suspension using Bilstein dampers, a sports spring kit with revised rear anti-roll bar and a ride height lowered by at the front and at the rear. Also standard was a chrome mesh front grille, front lip spoiler, quick shift gearchange, side sill plates and RB320-branded gear knob, carpet mats and exclusive exterior badging.
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The trusses had a span of in the long-span areas and in the short span area. The trusses connected to the perimeter at alternate columns, and were on centers. The top chords of the trusses were bolted to seats welded to the spandrels on the exterior side and a channel welded to the core columns on the interior side. The floors were connected to the perimeter spandrel plates with viscoelastic dampers, which helped reduce the amount of sway felt by building occupants.
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The convertible top folded away out of sight in a compartment located behind the cockpit. Some component cars were sold as a roadster with no convertible top. The Series 1 had dual wishbone suspension with coil-over remote reservoir dampers mounted inboard, and actuated by "rocker arms". The engine was mounted completely behind the front axle and drove a drive shaft supported in a "torque tube" that spun a 6 speed ZF trans-axle specially modified for the Series 1.
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Springs are mounted in the same place with the dampers inside them. Shock and spring arrangement The 'shocks' present in channel trucks are there to dampen the turning system, and help reduce the oscillations of the trucks on the board commonly described as speed wobble. The springs are there to return the deck to centre after a turn has been performed, neither are there to provide suspension between the deck and axles. They have a kingpin that can't move vertically which prevents this.
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The 2009 model of the Daytona has had over 50 technical improvements according to Triumph.Daytona 2009 Specifications While the only cosmetic changes were to the front fairing and turn signals, the new model is lighter, the ECU has been remapped to increase the rev limit and produce a power increase of , a taller first gear, and handling has improved through high and low speed dampers. In addition, the 2009 model's ECU is compatible with Triumph's OEM plug and play quickshifter.
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In addition to the narrow V engine, another first for Lancia were brakes on all four wheels. The first examples produced left the factory with rear wheel brakes only and were upgraded later. The brake pedal acted on the front brakes and transmission brake, while the rears were actuated via a hand lever. The rest of the mechanicals were as on other coeval Lancia models: ladder frame, solid axles front and rear with semi-elliptic leaf springs and Hartford dampers.
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However, due to its premium trim level, customers could add options like navigation, electric power steering, HID xenon headlights and fog lights, partially negating some of the weight savings. Indeed, the NSX Type S was the most expensive NSX trim model available in 1997 at ¥10,357,000 (or $85,000 in 1997 dollars). Honda also extensively revised the Type S suspension to incorporate much stiffer front dampers and a thicker rear sway bar. Honda produced 209 NSX Type S units between 1997 and 2001.
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The G-2s were similarly equipped to the G-1s; however, due to wartime conditions, the underwing drop tank racks were replaced with the much simpler V.Mtt-Schloß fittings, to allow for a number of underwing configurations. Some G-2s were also fitted with the additional oil tank in place of the MG 17s; however, not all were outfitted with the oil tank. Some G-2s were fitted with exhaust dampers and landing lights in the left wing leading edge for night operations.
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The tower is built on an island called Zaķusala (English: Hare Island) in the middle of the River Daugava, and the base of the tower is located about above mean sea level. The tower is built to resist winds up to without any noticeable vibration with the help of three dampers installed at the level. Though seismic activity is rare, the tower was designed to withstand a magnitude 7.5 earthquake. The projected service life of the tower is 250 years.
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This model was sold by Dodge. The 2.0 part of the moniker refers to the updated aero package, which incorporates a bigger rear wing, new front dive planes, and a new carbon-fiber front splitter. The package improves downforce to 400 pounds at 150 mph versus the 2014 Viper TA's 278 pounds at 150 mph. The internal parts have also been improved, with a much better suspension setup, new two-piece Brembo rotors, and improved shocks, dampers, springs, and stabilizer bars.
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Like the base V6-equipped Mustang, the 2010 Mustang GT included new spring rates and dampers to improve ride quality and control. AdvanceTrac was also standard in the Mustang GT though a special Sport Mode setting was added for spirited driving. The 2010 Mustang GT came with standard 18-inch wheels – one inch greater than the previous Mustang GT's standard wheels – while 19-inch wheels were a new option. Newly available for the Mustang GT for 2010 were two performance packages.
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In the vicinity of the fire, services were destroyed, including high-voltage cables, low-voltage cables, communications, lighting systems, traction and junction boxes over a length of 800 metres. Five hundred metres of track had to be replaced, as did 800 metres of overhead line, 800 metres of refrigeration pipe and signalling equipment over a length of 1,500 metres. Four escape cross-passages and five pressure relief ducts had to be refitted with new doors and dampers. The damage was in interval 3.
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The suspension system is the same as the B3 and features 40 percent stiffer springs as well as the wheels and tyres. The dampers are set to be softer in compression and firmer in rebound. The bushings and anti-rollbars are Alpina specific and the car's front sub-frame and strut-brace have been modified to accommodate the engine. There are four exterior colour choices available, those being Classic Alpina Green, Classic Alpina Blue, Sapphire Black and Mineral White with optional Alpina pinstripes.
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In contrast, inline six engines have no primary or (significant) secondary imbalances, and with carefully designed crankshaft vibration dampers to absorb torsional vibration, will run more smoothly at the same crankshaft speed (rpm). This characteristic has made the straight-six popular in some European sports-luxury cars, where smooth high-speed performance is very desirable. As engine reciprocating forces increase with the cube of piston bore, the straight-six is a preferred configuration for large truck engines.Nunney, pp. 40–47.
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Bridges vibrate under load and this contributes, to a greater or lesser extent, to the stresses. Vibration and dynamics are generally more significant for slender structures such as pedestrian bridges and long-span road or rail bridges. One of the most famous examples is the Tacoma Narrows Bridge that collapsed shortly after being constructed due to excessive vibration. More recently, the Millennium Bridge in London vibrated excessively under pedestrian loading and was closed and retrofitted with a system of dampers.
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Performance upgrades for the SVR including the 5.0L supercharged V8 shared with the Jaguar F-Type, with a power output of and torque output of the transmission has been programmed to shift 50% quicker and to keep the torque converter locked up once it is in second gear. The chassis had also been revised for the model. Debut of Adaptive Dynamics with Magnetorheological dampers. New for the SVR is the addition of an Active exhaust system with electronically controlled valves.
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The Lancia Prisma was a four-door, five-seat saloon with steel unibody construction, front-transverse mounted engines in block with the transaxle and all-independent suspension. Suspension consisted of MacPherson struts with offset telescopic dampers and coil springs, and anti-roll bars on both axles. The front struts were located by a stamped steel control arm and one radius rod; the rear by two parallel transverse links (the rearmost one adjustable for toe regulation) attached to a crossmember and one trailing link.
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In 1826 Wornum patented improvements to what he called in the specification the professional piano, claiming a pizzicato pedal positioned between the two ordinary pedals and operating linkages arranged to press the dampers against the strings,Harding. p. 231 a pinned single action where the damper lever was raised by a button at the end of a wire attached to an extension on the sticker"Recent Patents" London Journal of Arts and Sciences vol.14, no.79. Sherwood, Gilbert & Piper, London. p.
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Though a guitar amplifier's microphonics distortion is sometimes appreciated as part of the "special sound" of a guitar amplifier, a faulty vacuum tube or other component can cause out-of-control positive feedback. Unwanted microphonics-related audible distortions can often be alleviated by using commercially available vacuum tube mechanical dampers. The term may also be used to describe a video artifact common in older video cameras. Before the introduction of solid-state CCD sensors to produce the image, vacuum tubes performed this task.
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The ride height is 20 mm lower than the standard Golf. Golf R models equipped with the optional 'DCC' (Dynamic Chassis Control), offer three suspension modes: 'Comfort', 'Normal', and 'Race'. Each mode adjusts the stiffness of the suspension damping, thereby offering drivers a way to change the way the vehicle responds by the push of a button. Comfort mode places the dampers in the softest setting, increasing the absorption of road imperfections allowing for a smoother and more comfortable ride.
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The triangular shape of the struts precludes the laying of tenant floors, so these sections house mechanical floors instead, typically in groups of two. Additional stabilizer elements such as tuned mass dampers also require mechanical floors to contain or service them. This layout is usually reflected in the internal elevator zoning. Since nearly all elevators require machine rooms above the last floor they service, mechanical floors are often used to divide shafts that are stacked on top of each other to save space.
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The ProActive Chassis Control II active suspension system used in the 720S is an evolution of the system used in the 650S but is lighter than the previous version. The new system features accelerometers on the top and pressure sensors at the bottom of the dampers in order to precisely communicate to the car's onboard computer the driving conditions in real time in order for optimum suspension settings. The system uses findings from a PhD course at the University of Cambridge.
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The Mayflower used a version of the pre-war Standard Flying Ten's side-valve engine updated with an aluminium cylinder head and single Solex carburettor. The engine developed at 4200 rpm. The 3-speed gearbox, with column shift, came from the Standard Vanguard and had synchromesh on all the forward ratios. There was independent suspension at the front using coil springs and telescopic dampers, but a solid axle with semi-elliptic leaf springs, also based on the Vanguard's design, was at the rear.
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In order to improve efficiency and occupant comfort, HVAC systems are commonly divided up into multiple zones. For example, in a house, the main floor may be served by one heating zone while the upstairs bedrooms are served by another. In this way, the heat can be directed principally to the main floor during the day and principally to the bedrooms at night, allowing the unoccupied areas to cool down. Zone dampers as used in home HVAC systems are usually electrically powered.
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The downside is that Hydragas is, unlike the Citroen system, not height adjustable or self-levelling. Hydragas was introduced in 1973 on the Austin Allegro and was used on several models, the last car to use it being the MG F in 2002. The system was changed in favour of coil springs over dampers, due to cost reasons, towards the end of the vehicle's life. When it was decommissioned in 2006 the Hydragas manufacturing line was over 40 years old.
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The package enables the engine to produce and of torque. The package also includes the replacement of the standard suspension system with an evolution of the 959 S' suspension system fitted with modern dampers and titanium springs for improved handling and ride-height along with new tyres. The headlamps are replaced with new Xenon headlamps, providing better illumination than the original units. In addition to the package, Canepa also introduced a production of the 959 SC (Sport Canepa) limited to 50 cars.
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The suspension system was based on longitudinal torsion bars for primary springing and featured fully independent suspension at all four wheels using double wishbones. Each wheel station was also fitted with a rubber cone and cup system to buffer extreme upward suspension travel with energy control exercised by double-acting telescopic hydraulic dampers. This system gave an exceptional cross-country performance. Front and rear axles were constructed into a cradle sub-assembly, which could be rapidly exchanged in the field.
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Engine output flows through a new single-clutch 7-speed Graziano automated manual to a limited-slip rear differential; the carbon fibre driveshaft spins in an aluminium torque tube. From there, power is applied to the pavement via a set of (285/35) Bridgestone Potenza tyres on 19-inch cast aluminium wheels. Bushings, springs, and dampers were stiffened for the S model and the steering rack is quicker than in the base model. These modifications result in an exceptional level of response.
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Rear suspension is by two trailing links, an upper link and a lower a-arm. In the interest of creating close racing and limiting cost, the rules state that no modification is allowed until the rules expressly permit it—at one time even replacing the mirrors on the car was prohibited. The engines cannot be modified, and they are sealed to make it easy to detect cheating. The cars all use the same tires, springs, dampers, and adjustable anti-roll bars.
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But the team ended the season on a positive note, with Depallier's testing not having gone in vain when Giacomelli stuck his Alfa on pole at the last race of the season at Watkins Glen; he led most of the race until electrical failure put him out of the race. Rear view of 179B (1981) in Turin Automobile Museum. Alfa Romeo Historical Museum. At the beginning of the season, the 179s were fitted with adjustable dampers and denoted as 179C.
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The two-tone black and Titanium Grey Pearl Nappa leather with carbon fiber trim is exclusive to G 63 model, The optional AMG Trail Package can be specified for G 63 model only. The package adds softer settings for the adaptive dampers as to enhance the off-road driving and manoeuvrability. The 20-inch wheels with five sets of twin spokes and all-terrain tires are part of the package. A black skid plate and mud flaps behind the rear wheels are fitted to the body.
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The engine was connected to a four-speed preselector gearbox with right-hand change lever and the Girling system rod operated brakes had large drums. Half-elliptic springs provided the suspension controlled by friction dampers. Although the original car as shown at the 1933 London Motor Show had a wheelbase of , in order to cater for a wider range of bodies, production cars from 1934 had this extended by to . The factory supplied the running chassis for £270 to customers who could then select their own coachwork.
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Frederick Barrett was a lead stoker working in boiler room 6 when Titanic struck an iceberg on the night of 14 April 1912. Boiler room 6 was at the site of the impact with the iceberg. Barrett was talking to the second engineer, Mr. Hesketh, when the red light and bells came on signalling the order to stop the engines. He shouted to the men in the boiler room to shut the dampers, the doors to the furnaces and to shut off the wind for the fires.
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The Mark X was the first Jaguar saloon to feature independent rear suspension designed by William Heynes, who was Jaguar’s Technical Director and Chief Engineer. It differed from earlier large Jaguar saloons in having 14" wheels instead of the more common 15". It used a wider- track version of Jaguar's IRS unit first seen on the E Type, which was subsequently used on Jaguar vehicles until XJ-S production ended in 1996. The front suspension used double wishbones with coil springs and telescopic dampers.
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Since the twin-turbo V6 engine occupies almost twice as much space as their 3-cylinder engines, the fuel tank had to be relocated to the nose of the car, where a luggage compartment used to be. It comes in the form of a Formula 1-type foam-rubber fuel bladder. The bigger engine also forced a change from separate coil springs and dampers to concentric units to support the de Dion rear suspension. Ten cars were built and presented at the Castle Solitude.
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To control the mechanical vibrations at the origin, isolating fittings, elastic mounting of engines, elastic holding of pipes or dampers can be installed. These will absorb a part of the vibrations (and the noise) produced by the machines. To control the electromagnetic vibrations at the origin, skewing the electric motor or choosing a better slot/pole combinationJ. Le Besnerais, V. Lanfranchi, M. Hecquet and P. Brochet, "Optimal Slot Numbers for Magnetic Noise Reduction in Variable-Speed Induction Motors," in IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol.
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It is common to find uprights and even grand pianos that lack a middle pedal. Even if a piano has a middle pedal, one cannot assume it is a true sostenuto, for there are many other functions a middle pedal can have other than that of sostenuto. Often an upright's middle pedal is another half-blow pedal, like the one on the left, except that the middle pedal slides into a groove to stay engaged. Sometimes, the middle pedal may only operate the bass dampers.
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No specific engine or transmission details were announced as part of the unveiling; the production Aviator will offer plug-in hybrid (PHEV) capability as an option, the first Lincoln vehicle to do so. Making their way into the production vehicle, several technology features made their debut on the 2018 prototype Aviator. Tying the vehicle camera system with the continuously controlled dampers, Suspension Preview Technology looks at the road ahead for surface irregularities (i.e., potholes), preparing the suspension for impact and its effect on vehicle ride.
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V10 FSI engine in the R8 5.2 quattro The V8 engine in the R8 4.2 quattro As Volkswagen Group owns both Audi and Lamborghini (Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.), some of the R8 is shared with the Lamborghini Gallardo, including some of the chassis and floorpan, door handle mechanisms, transmissions, and the revised V10 engine. The base R8 is made distinct by its German designed exterior styling, cabin, smaller V8 engine, magnetic dampers, and pricing. The R8 (with the V8 engine) has a curb weight of .
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Variants of the RC series have all-wheel steering, 2 piece brake rotors, variable suspension dampers, and a Torsen limited slip differential. , the trim levels are "Version L" and "F-Sport". The RC 350 naturally aspirated V6 produces at 6,600rpm and at 4,800rpm. While comfort and luxury were the aim of the RC series, sportiness was also part of the equation, although its heavy curb weight dampens the car's performance driving capability especially against the RCs direct competitors such as the BMW 440i and Audi A5.
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On May 20, 2010, authorities closed the bridge to all motor traffic due to strong oscillations caused by windy conditions. The bridge remained closed while it was inspected for damage until the morning of May 25. It was then reopened for public access. To suppress the oscillations of the bridge, semi-active tuned mass dampers were developed and implemented by the German company Maurer Söhne in collaboration with the Swiss Federal Laboratories Empa and mutually with the University of the German Federal Armed Forces.
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The P.11 had an open cockpit, provisioned with a windshield composed of Plexiglas. Instrumentation included a suite of navigation and engine control gauges, while many of these components originated within Poland, one notable exception was the German- built compass. The safety equipment included an arrangement of several flame dampers, a flare gun, and oxygen tanks for the pilot. Only a few P.11s were furnished with radio sets, leading to pilots being typically reliant upon hand signals and pre-arranged manoeuvres to communicate with one another.
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The suspension used semi- elliptic leaf springs in both the front and rear as well as fitted friction type dampers. Brakes were only provided on the rear wheels. The drum-type brakes were 220 mm diameter (increased to 225 mm in 1928), and were operated by foot-pedal, which differed from the hand-lever operation employed in both the CS and CC automobiles. Standard equipment was ample for the period, consisting of a speedometer with recording odometer, an ammeter, and the dashboard incorporating lighting.
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An unusual feature of the suspension cables carrying the deck is that they are not vertical, as for most suspension bridges, but rather arranged in a zig-zag fashion, with adjacent mounts closely spaced. The triangulation this offers is an attempt to reduce vibration, as is the prominent use of Stockbridge dampers on the cables. The bridge is long, consisting of a central span between the towers and the two side spans. The towers rise to above mean high water and are of hollow box construction.
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Instead of traditional dampers and springs, F500 cars utilize a very simple elastomeric spring medium contained in a cylindrical canister. The rules state the elastomer must be 2" in diameter by 1" in thickness, but the design and implementation of the elastomeric springs (commonly called "pucks" by the competitors) is wide open. Additionally, each chassis manufacturer produces bodywork of their own design, which adheres to dimensional constraints. These regulations allow for very competitive racing at a relatively low cost, which rewards driver and car set-up skills.
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Tesla began delivering the higher performance version of the Roadster in July 2009. The Roadster Sport has adjustable dampers and a new hand-wound motor, capable of in 3.7 seconds. Scotty Pollacheck, a high-performance driver for Killacycle, drove a 2010 Tesla Roadster Sport at the Wayland Invitational Drag Race in Portland, Oregon, in July 2009. He did a quarter-mile (~400 m) in dry conditions in 12.643 seconds, setting a new record in the National Electric Drag Racing Association among the SP/A3 class of vehicles.
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The Burraq MRAP is powered by an Isuzu NPS-75 engine delivering 150 horsepower (110 kW). The Isuzu NPS-75 engine originally drives a manual transmission with an option of automatic transmission also. Capable of manual and automatic power-shifting, the transmission has 5 forward and 1 reverse speed(s). The suspension consists of hydraulic dampers and leaf springs with telescopic shock absorbers, which provide a stable firing platform while the vehicle is moving at speed over rough terrain particularly in North-West Pakistan.
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The Schumacher Menace GTR is a radio-controlled car made by Schumacher Racing Products, powered by a nitro fuel engine. It is essentially a Schumacher Menace made into an on-road car. This is accomplished using lower shock towers, shorter dampers, different tires, wheels and other small adjustments. The end result is an on-road car that is just as fast as the Schumacher Fusion in a straight line speed but that can corner a lot faster due to its wider chassis and more stable nature.
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The rear de Dion transaxle found on the Alfetta and derivatives- GTV, 90 and 75- provided these cars with excellent weight distribution. The handling advantages were noted in contemporary reviews.Cars and Vehicle Magazine, May 1973 The transaxle design, in combination with a Watt's parallelogram linkage, inboard rear brakes and a well-located de Dion rear suspension, resulted in balanced traction and handling. The front suspension design was unusual in that it incorporated independent longitudinal torsion bar springs acting directly onto the lower wishbones and with separate dampers.
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The DRC's main advantage is that it operates without the need for complicated electronics, as required in similar systems from Mercedes-Benz and other competitors. Its main drawback is that the DRC dampers have been known to fail (leaking fluid from the cross-linked circuits), which can affect the handling and ride quality of the vehicle; some owners have reported needing multiple replacements of faulty DRC units and many drivers have opted to replace the system with simpler and more reliable aftermarket coil-over suspension.
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Like the previous RS6 and the B7 RS 4, this generation of RS 6 includes Audi's "Dynamic Ride Control" (DRC) Sports suspension system. The system is mainly mechanical, using a pump to provide additional pressure in the diagonally linked dampers (shock absorber) during cornering, to counteract rolling and pitching. The system can dynamically adjust the stiffness at each damper constantly to maintain both a comfortable ride and a high grip. In this version, it has a three-way level control, selectable from the Multi Media Interface controls.
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It consisted of upper and lower A-arms with telescopic hydraulic dampers and longitudinal torsion bars running back along the chassis for springing. An anti-roll bar was fitted at the front as well. The rear of the M550 prototype used the same type of suspension as the front, moved rearward along with the engine and transaxle. This proved unsatisfactory and so the final production cars received a new system that comprised new trailing arms designed by Matra with transverse torsion bars and telescopic shock-absorbers.
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All cars would be run on slick tyres and aimed to have top speeds similar to Formula One cars. Rumours circulated that Avon would be the series' control tyre supplier but the prototype of the car was fitted with Goodyear tyres. The suspension would have consisted of pushrod activated rockers acting on coil spring and the adjustable dampers would have variable rate anti-roll bars. Suspension uprights would be constructed from fabricated steel assemblies with four-wheel carbon brake discs and four piston calipers.
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165 For a number of years after 1983, the Cambridge Dampers Club also took part in the annual Scottish Boat Race against the Honourable Society of Edinburgh Boaters, racing along the Union Canal between Hermiston and Ratho for the Antlers Trophy. In May 2011 Red Bull held the "Punt to Point" competition in Oxford, featuring head to head checkpoint racing. In Tübingen, Germany, a race with similar punts () on the Neckar river, has been performed annually since 1956, with about 50 punts taking part.
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According to The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, a mute is a "device used on a musical instrument to modify its timbre by reducing the intensity of certain partials and amplifying others". More generally, it refers to "any of various devices used to muffle or soften the tone of an instrument". The act of using a mute is called "muting". Brass mutes are occasionally referred to as "dampers", but "dampening" usually means reducing or deadening the sound after it has been played.
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Series 3 (12 batteries) was a major upgrade to the 7.5/57 system. Here, a lot more emphasis was placed on nuclear survivability and the individual units were further spread out. Each unit was also made completely self-sufficient and the accommodations were improved to increase comfort. To improve protection against ground shockwaves, the older concrete structures which had been rigidly built inside the tunnels were replaced with steel framed structures which were placed on elastic dampers thus decoupling them from the surrounding rock.
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Fluid flow interaction with large structures often lead to resonance problems known as Vortex-induced vibrations, as represented in the first full-scale records on a long-span suspension bridge. Prof. Frandsen has been involved in solving many vibration problems including the development of coupled solvers between fluid and structure, e.g., using tuned liquid dampers to suppress wind induced oscillations. Underpinning her academic experience, she has analysed and designed Offshore Oil and Gas Installations in seas worldwide estimating forces of ocean waves, buckling resistance, etc.
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The modified suspension system featured Koni dampers having 30% stiffer rebound than the original and having a modified rear subframe arrangement with wishbones and radius arms relocated to provide greater triangulation and reduce axle tramp. The new shocks were 100% stiff at the front and 50% stiff at the rear. The braking system had ventilated brake discs and were moved outward for better cooling and stability. The interior was also modified and now had Recaro racing bucket seats and a new steering wheel with optimised feedback.
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In 1952 MG Car Company updated the "Y" Type and an improved model was launched, known as the "YB". The "YB" had a completely new Lockheed twin leading shoe braking system, 15 inch wheels and a much more modern hypoid type of back axle. Road holding was also improved by the introduction of smaller wheels (the "Y" and the "Y/T" both had wheels). The "YB" also had an anti-roll bar fitted to the front of the car and stronger shock absorbers, or dampers, were fitted.
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Bodied by Touring, it was aerodynamically sleeker, accelerated better, and had higher top speed. It was joined by the drophead 402, of which just 24 examples were built. The 403 followed in 1953, which featured improved brakes, gearbox, dampers, heater, and engine (a detuned racing motor, in fact). Bristol would use this same engine in the 450, entered at Le Mans in 1953; it broke its experimental crankshaft, but despite being less than aerodynamically ideal proved fully five seconds a lap quicker than the competition.
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The four WindSeekers opened in 2011 are based on the same prototype design by Dutch amusement ride manufacturer Mondial Rides. The WindSeeker at Canada's Wonderland was the first to be completed and thus the first to be tested. It was discovered during testing that the swings could rock back and forth once rotation reached full speed, and were close to hitting each other in some cases. Therefore, hydraulic dampers not included in the original design were added to all four WindSeekers to reduce this rocking.
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Both mechanical and intumescent dampers form part of passive fire protection (PFP) systems, such as fire- resistance rated walls, floors, or even ducts or cable tray fireproofing. As such, they are PFP systems. However, whether an opening is mechanically closed or whether it is the physical/chemical action of an intumescent that does the work, the fact that they are activated by heat and then move to fulfill a fire safety function, also technically qualifies them to form part of active fire protection (AFP) systems.
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Many very tall towers have their support structures at the periphery of the building, which greatly increases the overall stiffness. A third limit is dynamic; a tower is subject to varying winds, vortex shedding, seismic disturbances etc. These are often dealt with through a combination of simple strength and stiffness, as well as in some cases tuned mass dampers to damp out movements. Varying or tapering the outer aspect of the tower with height avoids vibrations due to vortex shedding occurring along the entire building simultaneously.
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Like the preceding LZ-1 through LZ-4, the LZ-5 utilized designer Glidden Doman's unorthodox gimbaled rotor head system, which featured the elimination of rotor hinges and dampers and included blades of soft-in-plane dynamic design. The servo control system was entirely contained within the rotor head, with no external oil tanks or plumbing. The tail rotor was also hingeless and free floating to eliminate stresses in rapid tail rotor turns. In other ways it had a conventional helicopter main rotor and tail rotor configuration.
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When a pipe is suddenly closed at the outlet (downstream), the mass of water before the closure is still moving, thereby building up high pressure and a resulting shock wave. In domestic plumbing this is experienced as a loud banging resembling a hammering noise. Water hammer can cause pipelines to break if the pressure is high enough. Air traps or stand pipes (open at the top) are sometimes added as dampers to water systems to absorb the potentially damaging forces caused by the moving water.
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The friction disk material was usually a wooden disk between the two faces of the steel arms. As for the development of the clutch and brake shoes, the development of these friction materials was in its infancy. Treated leather had been used for clutches and although it offered good friction behaviour, it was prone to stiction when first moving off and also failed when overheated. Asbestos-based friction materials were sometimes used for racing, in an attempt to keep dampers working correctly even when overheating.
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Introduced in June 2019, the A110S is a high performance and lightweight variant of the A110. The A110S benefits from increased power output (from ) from its 1.8-litre turbocharged four-cylinder engine as well as stiffer springs, new anti-rollbars, dampers, and carbon-ceramic brakes as sassed equipment. The ride height is lowered by and the car is fitted with special Michelin Pilot Sport 4 tyres having a stickier compound contributing to more grip on the tarmac. The engine was returned by installing a larger turbocharger.
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Due to faulty smoke dampers within the ventilation duct network, the toxic fumes circulated throughout the hotel's air conditioning system, accelerating the spread of the poisonous gases. The continued operation of the resort's ventilation system contributed to the fire's harmful effect. On the casino floor, there was no outlet for the smoke, which was spread into the hotel tower by the ventilation system. Smoke rapidly filled the resort's telephone switchboard room, and operators there only had enough time to warn people on the casino floor.
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The Megane Renault Sport dCi 175 is a version with a 2.0-litre (1,997 cc) diesel engine. Engine is rated at at 3,750 rpm and at 2,000 rpm. The Cup Chassis option (available for dCi 175 Lux) includes tyre pressure monitor deletion, 18-inch anthracite alloy wheels with 225/45R18 Continental SportContact 2 tires, retuned dampers and spring rates, disconnectable ESP and anthracite coloured door mirror housings. The Sport Hatch version includes Recaro front seats, and the vehicle is lighter (1470 kg kerb, gross).
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The Ford Shelby GT-H also had the Ford Racing Handling Pack (FR3) which included specially tuned dampers, lowering springs, sway bars, strut tower brace, and a Ford Racing 3.55:1 ratio rear axle assembly. A total of 500 cars were built to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the original Shelby GT350H. For 2007, a convertible version of the GT-H was offered for rental at Hertz. This time the convertibles came with a custom light bar reminiscent of the 1968 Shelby Mustang convertibles.
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Thus, a high-Q tuned circuit in a radio receiver would be more difficult to tune, but would have greater selectivity, it would do a better job of filtering out signals from other stations that lie nearby on the spectrum. High Q oscillators operate over a smaller range of frequencies and are more stable. (See oscillator phase noise.) The quality factor of oscillators varies substantially from system to system. Systems for which damping is important (such as dampers keeping a door from slamming shut) have Q = .
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With much shorter passenger journeys in mind, the Class 320 units originally lacked the toilets of the Class 321 units and also began life with a lower speed capability () due to the much closer spacing of stations on the North Clyde route. The lower design speed meant that yaw dampers could be omitted from this class but during 2010, yaw dampers were fitted across the class allowing them to travel at . This meant that the units could be used on the sections of the Argyle Line route shared with the West Coast Main Line (and in theory, the Airdrie-Bathgate extension of the North Clyde Line and beyond – although this is at the moment prevented by the lack of external CCTV cameras on the units (as fitted to Class 334 and 380) for driver-only operation (DOO) and there is currently no station DOO equipment east of Airdrie), and also allows full-speed running in multiple with Class 318 stock, which has had 90 mph capability from the outset. The interior decor includes paintings of various landmarks and famous sights along the various SPT rail routes on the car ends.
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Uses a TCM 639231A3 fuel injector. Same as the IO-360-D except for accessory drive provisions. The crankshaft has two 6th order dampers. ;IO-360-CB : at 2800 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.5:1. Uses a TCM 639231A3 fuel injector. Same as the IO-360-C except for modified crankshaft. The crankshaft has one 6th and one 4½ order damper. ;IO-360-D : at 2800 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.5:1. Uses a TCM 639231A3 fuel injector. Same as the IO-360-A except for power rating and oil cooled pistons. The crankshaft has two 6th order dampers. ;Rolls-Royce Continental IO-360-D :Licence production in the United Kingdom by Rolls-Royce ;IO-360-DB : at 2800 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.5:1. Uses a TCM 639231A3 fuel injector. Same as the IO-360-D except for modified crankshaft. The crankshaft has one 6th and one 4½ order damper. ;IO-360-E : at 2800 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.5:1. Uses a TCM 639231A3 fuel injector.
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The first was the Ghibli Kit Sportivo, whose namesake handling kit included wider tyres on OZ "Futura III" split-rim wheels, specific springs, dampers and anti-roll bars. The second was the limited edition Ghibli Cup, which brought some features of the Open Cup racer into a road-going model; it debuted at the December 1995 Bologna Motor Show. It has a engine rated at . Interior At the time the Ghibli Cup had the highest ever specific power output of any street legal car at per litre, surpassing the Bugatti EB110 and Jaguar XJ220.
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Mazda RX-8 40th Anniversary Edition - Metropolitan Grey Mica 2007 saw the introduction of a limited edition to celebrate the 40th anniversary of Mazda's rotary engine. It had 10-spoke, 18-inch diameter alloy wheels of a new design that were later incorporated in the 2009 facelift. Also added were blue-light front fog lamps, a 40th Anniversary badge on each front wing and an aerodynamic rear spoiler. Exclusive sport-tuned suspension with Bilstein dampers were added along with an enhanced urethane foam injected front cross member intended to improve steering feel.
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The bike had a prototype sprung frame built under the Bentley and Draper patents. The frame as far back as the gearbox bracket was normal K. Behind this however is a triangulated tubular swinging fork assembly worked in a trunnion bearing. From the rear fork-ends two seta-stays were pivoted and connected to the sprung part of the frame below the saddle by a system of links and spindles incorporating two coil springs. Friction dampers were fitted to these links and there were also two more at the bottom pivots at the fork-ends.
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Weatherization measures may include caulking, weather- stripping, insulation, vent dampers, replacement of broken glass, repair or replacement of primary doors, and furnace tune-ups. Weatherization workers may not be able to install all the materials, but they will do the most important weatherization within the dollar limits allowed. When a home is scheduled for weatherization service, a crew will come to install the necessary materials in the home. After the work is completed, the client will be asked to sign a statement saying the work was done properly and to the client's satisfaction.
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As part of Nissan's plan to build the ultimate 370Z track car, a campaign allowing fans to vote which components will be used in the project took place in association with Facebook and Autoblog. The suspension choices (hosted by Autoblog) include NISMO S-Tune Springs and Dampers, KW Variant 3s and an A'PEXi S1 Damper System. The completed vehicle includes a GReddy twin turbo kit, GReddy Ti-C catback exhaust system, KW Variant 3 suspension, Stoptech big brake kit with 2 piece aerorotors, Volk TE37SL wheels and a Metalloy decal kit.
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The Lempor had a four-jet blastpipe with extended petticoats to provide truer ejector proportions. To accommodate the arrangement, the smokebox was extended by . Steam flow in the cylinders was improved by streamlining the edges of the piston valves which were each equipped with an additional valve ring to reduce leakage. The firebox was modified to the GPCS system wherein principal combustion is effected using secondary air introduced above the firebed through ducts in the firebox sides, while primary air was restricted through dampers and a redesigned grate.
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Vibrations in the main cable were passed down through the clamp and into the shorter damper, or "messenger", cable. This would flex and cause the symmetrically-placed concrete blocks at its ends to oscillate. Careful choice of the mass of the blocks, and the stiffness and length of the damper cable would match the mechanical impedance of the damper to that of the line, and greatly attenuate oscillation of the main cable. Since Stockbridge dampers were economical, effective and easy to install, they became used routinely on overhead lines.
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The Porsche Carrera GT's carbon-ceramic (silicon carbide) disc brake Notable technology includes a pure carbon fibre monocoque and subframe produced by ATR Composites Group of Italy, dry sump lubrication and inboard suspension. At speeds above , the electronically operated rear wing raises into the airstream to reduce lift. The radiator of the Carrera GT is about five times the size of that of a 911 Turbo of its time. The car's front and rear suspension system consists of pushrod actuated shock absorbers and dampers with anti-roll bars.
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All three units initially continued borrowing their aircraft from day fighter units. The day fighter units began to protest at the numbers of their aircraft which were being written off because of the hazards of night operations; the numbers soared with the onset of winter, with pilots often being forced to bail-out through being unable to find an airfield at which to land safely. Crash landings were also frequent. Eventually all three Wilde Sau units received their own aircraft, which were often modified with exhaust dampers and blind- flying radio equipment.
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The knee lever to replace the hand stop for the damper control was developed in Germany sometime around 1765. According to David Crombie, "virtually all the fortepianos of the last three decades of the eighteenth century were equipped with a knee lever to raise and lower the dampers ... "Crombie, D. (1995). Piano: A Photographic History of the World's Most Celebrated Instrument, San Francisco: Miller Freeman Books, 19. Sometime around 1777, Mozart had an opportunity to play a piano built by Johann Andreas Stein, who had been an apprentice of Gottfried Silbermann.
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Temperature monitoring and control instrumentation is used in fired heaters and furnaces to adjust the fuel flow valve (FCV) to maintain a desired thermal output. Waste heat recovery units (WHRU) are used to extract heat from the flow of hot exhaust gases from a gas turbine to heat a fluid (heating medium). Instrumentation includes controllers to maintain a desired temperature of the heating medium by closing or opening dampers in the exhaust gas flow. Low temperature alarms (TSL) are used where cold fluids could be routed to pipework which is not suitable for cold service.
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The upgraded Mk II, introduced in October 1963, had Armstrong Selectaride electronically adjustable rear dampers and minor styling changes. Changes on the Mk III, the final version of the series which was introduced in June 1965, included a minor reduction in overall length, deeper windscreen, equal size headlamps without chrome bezels, improved interior ventilation, wood-veneer dashboard, the addition of overriders to the bumpers, and a dual-circuit braking system. Car no 104/2308, the blue car illustrated in this article is a mildly modified Mark Two which left the factory in May, 1965.
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The Racing Puma's suspension was developed and honed by Ford's specialist division at Boreham, Essex, and the cars' monocoque shell was originally designed to be Ford's WRC entrant. Stig Blomqvist spent months fine-tuning the car's handling to ensure its chassis dynamics where perfected. The wider track, uprated springs, dampers, and special geometry settings refined the car's cornering poise to another level beyond the standard car's already excellent handling. The upshot of the improved chassis finesse was a bias towards tracks, hence the car has a very firm ride.
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Rear suspension was completely revised, with trailing arm units controlled by Armstrong dampers. The rod and cable brake systems of previous cars was also replaced by a Lockheed semi hydraulic and rod braking system (front brake fully hydraulic, but rear brakes still rod operated from a central floor-mounted hydraulic cylinder) acting on all three wheels. Two further models were added to the range in May 1962 and June 1962 respectively, the Mark G Ranger and the Mark G Estate. The estate featured a large hatchback, hinged at the roof.
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This is achieved by silently depressed keys and by use of the middle pedal, in order to release the dampers so that certain notes may be set into sympathetic vibration by striking other notes. In this way many different timbres can be created for the same pitch. Over the course of the piece, a series of pitches treated in this way follows the C, with irregular, unpredictable durations and intervals of entry, and each time with a different colouring. The repetitions of these central notes makes them particularly obvious .
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Behind the engine there is a dry single- plate clutch and six-speed gearbox that was made by ZF. The vehicle is equipped with a two-step reduction gear that doubles the number of gears. Both axles are rigid and driven and equipped with air S cam drum brakes. Suspension is carried out by leaf springs and the front axle has hydraulic dampers. The axle load is nearly even and the frame allows torsional bending which helps the wheels keeping their contact on ground also on rough terrain.
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Sport bikes have a short wheelbase and an aggressive steering geometry to provide the ability to make very quick changes in direction. This has the harmful side-effect of making the bike less stable, more prone to feedback from uneven road surfaces, and more difficult to control.Honda Electronic Steering Damper If the front wheel significantly deviates from the direction of travel when it touches down, it may cause an unwanted wobble. Steering dampers are factory installed on some high-end sport motorcycles and fitted to most contemporary racing bikes to counter these behaviours.
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Steering dampers are also mounted to off-road motorcycles such as motocross bikes.Two of the best from Honda A damper helps keep the bike tracking straight over difficult terrain such as ruts, rocks, and sand, and also smooths out jolts through the handlebars at the end of jumps. They also reduce arm fatigue by reducing the effort to control the handlebars. Rotary motorcycle steering damper (centre left) On motorcycles, one end of the damper is mounted to the steering yoke or triple tree, the other to the frame.
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In order to obstruct the busy shipping traffic on the canal as little as possible, it was hoisted into place within half a day on 9 July 2005. The cross-section of the bridge changes fluently from a deep triangular section at mid-span, where stiffness is needed, to a shallow section that merges into the concrete approaches. The angle of its sides makes it 'stealthy' to marine radar, again to ensure that it doesn't impede commercial shipping. Additionally, tuned mass dampers have been fitted, to prevent the bridge from wobbling as people walk across.
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Chassis and engine changes made to the experimental 4CLs eventually coalesced into the 4CLT, the appended T denoting its tubular chassis. The improvements in torsional rigidity that the tubular construction brought were required to counteract the increases in torque and power resulting from the twin-supercharger upgrade of the elderly inline-4 engine. Power was up to approximately , from the 4CL's 220. Other changes included the use of roller bearings for the crankshaft, forged (rather than cast) rear suspension components, and the chassis was designed to run with hydraulic dampers from the outset.
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The tie cables are 90 mm diameter on the large arch and 65 mm on the smaller. The aggregate concrete deck sections are 7.5 m long and down to 125 mm thick in places, making it one of the thinnest bridge walking surfaces. The handrails and parapet are stainless steel while the balustrade is made from stainless steel wire. To ensure any bridge oscillation is controlled, the deck is fitted to the underside with seven tuned mass dampers – one on the short arch, and six on the larger weighing 5 tonnes in all.
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Other advances for performance were that the valves had spring dampers and the muffler was a straight-through type. With these improvements the engine achieved . It also had modern filters for air, oil, and fuel, an improved thermostat, and a Lanchester vibration damper. In 1931, Studebaker introduced "Ovaloid" headlights which were oblong in shape and made identification of the President and other "senior" Studebaker models easier. Presidents manufactured in this era were considered to rival more expensive marques such as Cadillac, Packard, Lincoln, and Chrysler’s Imperial model range.
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Silbermann invented a device by which the player could lift all of the dampers off the strings, permitting them to vibrate freely, either when struck or sympathetically when other notes were played. This is the function in later pianos of the damper pedal. Silbermann's device was different from the modern damper pedal in two respects. First, it was not actually controlled by a pedal, but rather was a hand stop, which required the player to cease playing on the keys for a moment in order to change the damper configuration.
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Thus, it was a device for imparting an unusual tonal color to whole passages, rather than a means of nuanced expression as the pedal is today. Second, Silbermann's device was bifurcated, permitting the dampers of the treble and bass sections to be lifted separately. This latter feature has recently been reintroduced to the piano, in the form of the fourth and fifth pedals of pianos made by the Borgato firm; see Innovations in the piano. There are at least two possible reasons for why Silbermann invented his damper-lifting mechanism.
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This reduced much of the superheater's effectiveness on undulating track and where frequent stops are required. A report had been submitted in Natal earlier to the effect that superheating was of little or no advantage on that System, where the many short and steep gradients prevented a high degree of superheat from being attained with the automatic dampers in use at the time. In view of the added cost and weight of the superheating equipment, the arguments against it in Natal were therefore considered reasonable at the time.
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In a chemical process, independent variables that can be adjusted by the controller are often either the setpoints of regulatory PID controllers (pressure, flow, temperature, etc.) or the final control element (valves, dampers, etc.). Independent variables that cannot be adjusted by the controller are used as disturbances. Dependent variables in these processes are other measurements that represent either control objectives or process constraints. MPC uses the current plant measurements, the current dynamic state of the process, the MPC models, and the process variable targets and limits to calculate future changes in the dependent variables.
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However it was well known in French and German musical circles of the early 18th century, and Hebenstreit gained fame and fortune playing it. Hebenstreit named the instrument after himself. Glowing reviews of its qualities appear in the writings of a number of prominent commentators of the day, such as Johann Kuhnau. The instrument died out with Hebenstreit's retirement, but the idea of allowing sympathetic resonance from undamped strings was adopted into mechanisms that would disengage the dampers in various ways on early keyboard instruments such as the clavichord, called "pantalon stops".
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It had dampers, a thermostat, 550 rpm spin speed, and 10 programs. In 1961, Candy moved to Brugherio, midway between Monza and Milano, where the new company headquarters and a large industrial site were completed, including the company's Research and Development laboratories. In 1966, the Stipomatic was launched: an automatic dishwasher with two compartments; at the same time, the Superautomatic washing machine was launched. In those years, design became a strategic asset in product development: appliances were designed by key names such as Piero Geranzani, Joe Colombo, Marco Zanuso, Mario Bellini, and Giorgetto Giugiaro .
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Equally, the system is commonly disengaged prior to landing, as it could inhibit the available control authority to the pilot at the critical moment of touchdown. On several modern aircraft that are outfitted with a yaw damper, these systems become engaged automatically once the aircraft has surpassed a pre-set altitude (e.g. 200 feet); older aircraft typically have this function manually selected by the flight crew. Pilots who are used to flying aircraft with yaw dampers need to be particularly aware when transitioning to aircraft that lack such systems.
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Suspension consists of twin wishbones with Proflex dampers. The body styling has been done by Keith Burden and Tom Webster. It appears that some components of the vehicle have been taken from existing production cars, the doorline in particular appears very close to that of the Ford Ka. The engine is a naturally aspirated, 4-cylinder, 2.5-litre Millington Diamond Engine producing 350 BHP. Transmission is via a six-speed gearbox, manual or semi-automatic, and by mechanical front and rear differentials with the option of mechanical or active central differential.
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ASCOD Ulan in an army exercise In terms of mobility, the Spanish Pizarro is fitted with a MTU SV-183 TE22 engine, while the Austrian Ulan includes a MTU 8V-199-TE20 engine. The smaller Spanish engine gives it a power-to-weight ratio of 21, and the larger engine one of 25, offering both vehicles excellent mobility. Both versions use a Renk HSWL 106C hydro-mechanical transmission, and suspension based on torsion bar and rotary dampers; designed and manufactured by "Piedrafita". The ASCOD uses Diehl type 129 tracks.
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The uprated hydraulic damping obviated the need for the rear inertia dampers. It was designed to be a comfortable ride by matching the frequencies encountered in human bipedal motion. This suspension design ensured the road wheels followed ground contours underneath them closely, while insulating the vehicle from shocks, enabling the 2CV to be driven over a ploughed field without breaking any eggs, as its design brief required. More importantly it could comfortably and safely drive at reasonable speed, along the ill-maintained and war-damaged post-war French Routes Nationales.
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The new Van Ness Campus was to replace both the California Campus and Pacific Campus for inpatient care. Further, the new facility came with several patient safety focused innovations, and is the first known structure in North America to use viscous wall dampers designed to absorb strong seismic activity. Van Ness Campus officially opened on March 2, 2019. Ground was broken in September 2014 to build a 120-bed replacement hospital at St. Luke's, after years of dispute over whether CPMC would continue to operate a hospital in the Mission District.
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Each cabin is long, wide, and has a wheelbase of . The suspension system is made of four helical without dampers and hinged spiral-spring stop brakes. Each tram supports a capacity of seat 30 passengers, with the total capacity of 38 possible across six bunks (that sat five passengers), eight standing and conductor. Each cabin includes two water tanks, with the largest with a capacity for that functioned as a counterweight and supported refrigeration circuit for the brakes, and the small tank with a capacity for that supported the rear brakes.
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The Evora is constructed on a lightweight aluminum tub with an additional front crash structure also made from aluminum, along with a steel rear sub-frame which houses the drivetrain. The chassis was designed to utilize bespoke 6000 series alloy extrusions which are then bonded with an epoxy based adhesive, and subsequently riveted together in order to increase torsional rigidity. The Evora also utlises forged aluminium double wishbone suspension with Bilstein high-performance gas dampers and Eibach coaxial coil springs. A hydraulically assisted power steering is used for increased maneuverability.
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Pull-rod suspension and cool refer to a specialised type of automotive suspension system which is largely based on a double-wishbone system, incorporating elements of the commonly used MacPherson strut. In cars, suspension refers to the system by which the vehicle maintains contact between all of its wheels and the ground. This is commonly achieved via use of dampers and springs, providing downward forces on the wheels to counteract impact shocks. However, this strut is mounted across the chassis, parallel to the ground, as opposed to the perpendicular system commonly used.
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As all the three trim levels were offered in both DuoSelect and Automatica versions, the lineup grew to six models. The Quattroporte Sport GT S was introduced at the Frankfurt Motor Show in September 2007. Taking further the Sport GT's focus on handling, this version employed Bilstein single-rate dampers in place of the Skyhook adaptive system. Other changes from the Sport GT were a lowered ride height and 10 mm wider 295/30 rear tyres, front Brembo iron/aluminium dual-cast brake rotors and red-painted six-piston callipers.
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A stability augmentation system (SAS) is another type of automatic flight control system; however, instead of maintaining the aircraft on a predetermined attitude or flight path, the SAS will actuate the aircraft flight controls to dampen out aircraft buffeting regardless of the attitude or flight path. SAS can automatically stabilize the aircraft in one or more axes. The most common type of SAS is the yaw damper which is used to eliminate the Dutch roll tendency of swept-wing aircraft. Some yaw dampers are integral to the autopilot system while others are stand- alone systems.
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The GT-H came with the Power Pack that included a cold air intake, revised exhaust system and custom performance calibration, boosting power to 319 hp (238 kW) and torque to 330 lb·ft (447 N·m). The GT-H also includes the handling package with lowering springs, improved dampers, sway bars, a strut tower brace and a 3.55:1 ratio rear axle assembly.Shelby GT-H Official Page A total of 500 units were ordered by Hertz for the 2006 model year, and 500 convertible models were announced for 2007.
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The Decker Brothers piano had typical late square action and dampers, but very good scaling ahead of its day. A Decker Brothers piano has been more recently described as having "the most unusual design in the bass." This is because the strings go under the plate at the tuning pin end with the tuning pin sticking up through a hole. It is guessed that this was done in order to get the string coil closer to the pinblock and so to have more of the tuning pin actually in the pinblock.
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The Dragonfly was known as the Dart while in development and was based on the Mark V Douglas and an earlier prototype. Aiming to overcome the outdated image, designers were commissioned from the Reynolds Tube Company to develop a completely new open duplex frame of welded tubing, including a swinging arm with twin Girling dampers (state of the art for the time) with leading link front suspension. The strengthened and streamlined engine had a modern coil ignition, AC generator and distributor, with bolt-through cast iron cylinders and heads and pushrods made from Duralumin.
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Air handlers typically employ a large squirrel cage blower driven by an AC induction electric motor to move the air. The blower may operate at a single speed, offer a variety of set speeds, or be driven by a variable-frequency drive to allow a wide range of air flow rates. Flow rate may also be controlled by inlet vanes or outlet dampers on the fan. Some residential air handlers in USA (central "furnaces" or "air conditioners") use a brushless DC electric motor that has variable speed capabilities.
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From October 1939 the K-M20 was designated the W-M20 and modified to include girder-forks and removal of the valanced rear mudguard. During late 1940 some civil specification M20s were purchased by the War Office which were civil models with a military paint scheme. In 1941 front and rear number plates were removed and between 1941 and 1942 active service use in North Africa showed the need for easy adjustment of the fork dampers. Special damper knobs were made of bakelite (later replaced with pressed steel).
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This string resonance also occurs when other notes are played that are harmonically related to the pitch of an aliquot string, though only when the related notes' dampers are raised. Many piano-makers enrich the tone of the piano through sympathetic vibration, but use a different method known as duplex scaling (see piano). Confusingly, the portions of the strings used in duplex scaling are sometimes called "aliquot strings", and the contact points used in duplex scales are called aliquots. Aliquot stringing and the duplex scale, even if they use "aliquots", are not equivalent.
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The lead architect was Foster and Partners, with Kendall/Heaton Associates the collaborating architect, and interior design by Gensler with Foster and Partners in collaboration. The L.F. Driscoll Company was the construction contractor. The tower contains approximately 1.566 million rentable square feet, including 1.334 million rentable square feet of office space, 230,112 square feet of hotel space, and 2,682 rentable square feet of retail space. A set of five tuned sloshing dampers containing 125,000 gallons of water are located in the ceiling of the 57th floor, beneath the hotel lobby.
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For the 2020 model year, Dodge introduced a SRT Super Stock model slotting in between the Hellcat Redeye and the Demon. The engine is the same as the Redeye, but is slightly more powerful at . This is enabled by a revision of the powertrain calibration, which increases the redline from 6300 to 6400 rpm. Additionally, the Super Stock gains lightweight 18-inch wheels with the same drag radials as the Demon, along with a shorter final-drive ratio and drag-optimized suspension tuning for the Bilstein adaptive dampers in Track Mode.
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The tone produced resembles that of the Wurlitzer but brighter and with less sustain, largely owing to the design having no sustain pedal mechanism. The same firm's "Cembalet" uses rubber plectra and separate urethane foam dampers but is otherwise almost identical. Hohner's later "Pianet T" uses silicone rubber suction pads rather than adhesive pads and replaces the electrostatic system with passive electromagnetic pickups similar to those of the Rhodes, the reeds themselves however being magnetized. The Pianet T has a far mellower sound not unlike that of the Rhodes instruments.
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Tuned mass dampers are widely used in production cars, typically on the crankshaft pulley to control torsional vibration and, more rarely, the bending modes of the crankshaft. They are also used on the driveline for gearwhine, and elsewhere for other noises or vibrations on the exhaust, body, suspension or anywhere else. Almost all modern cars will have one mass damper, and some may have ten or more. The usual design of damper on the crankshaft consists of a thin band of rubber between the hub of the pulley and the outer rim.
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A schematic of a simple spring–mass–damper system used to demonstrate the tuned mass damper system Tuned mass dampers stabilize against violent motion caused by harmonic vibration. A tuned damper reduces the vibration of a system with a comparatively lightweight component so that the worst-case vibrations are less intense. Roughly speaking, practical systems are tuned to either move the main mode away from a troubling excitation frequency, or to add damping to a resonance that is difficult or expensive to damp directly. An example of the latter is a crankshaft torsional damper.
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Cristofori's new instrument remained relatively unknown until an Italian writer, Scipione Maffei, wrote an enthusiastic article about it in 1711, including a diagram of the mechanism, that was translated into German and widely distributed. Most of the next generation of piano builders started their work based on reading this article. One of these builders was Gottfried Silbermann, better known as an organ builder. Silbermann's pianos were virtually direct copies of Cristofori's, with one important addition: Silbermann invented the forerunner of the modern sustain pedal, which lifts all the dampers from the strings simultaneously.
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Essentially, increasing the current flow into the damper magnetic circuit increases the circuit magnetic flux. This in turn causes the metal particles to change their alignment, which increases fluid viscosity thereby raising the compression/rebound rates, while a decrease softens the effect of the dampers by aligning the particles in the opposite direction. If we imagine the metal particles as dinner plates then whilst aligned so they are on edge - viscosity is minimised. At the other end of the spectrum they will be aligned at 90 degrees so flat.
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Contemporary cimbalom makers also create smaller instruments. These run the gamut from less weighty versions of Schunda's original concert layout to truly portable fully chromatic cimbaloms (which use Schunda's signature tuning pattern and note layout but with reduced range in the bass). Modern makers also continue to craft new and traditional folk style instruments. A smaller more portable version of the concert cimbalom was produced in Ukraine from the 1950s to the 1980s that came with detachable legs and dampers, but could be carried more easily than the larger concert instrument.
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Owing to the size of the torpedo, the U3's tail gear needed to be lengthened. The U3 also was fitted with the 2,000 PS BMW 801S engine, and the tail from the Ta 152. ::Fw 190 F-8/U4 — created as a night bomber, was equipped with flame dampers on the exhaust and various electrical systems such as the FuG 101 radio altimeter, the PKS 12 automatic pilot, and the TSA 2 A sighting system. The U4 was fitted with only two MG 151/20 cannon as fixed armament.
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Jeld-Wen UK (former Boulton & Paul) make doors on Swallownest Ind Est on the B6200 in Aston cum Aughton. Laycast were nearby until November 2006, based off the B6200 at Aston cum Aughton, at which steel flywheels, vibration dampers and compacted graphite iron clutch plates were cast at its foundry. Kiveton Park Steel is on the B6059 next to Kiveton Park railway station, mostly in North and South Anston (east of Wales). Macalloy threaded tension bar at Mariinsky Theatre in Russia Macalloy in Dinnington is a world-leader in threaded tension bar.
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The 3200 GT's coupé body seats four people and has a . The steel unibody structure was complemented by a front tubular subframe supporting the drivetrain and a rear subframe supporting the suspension links and the differential. Suspension was of the double wishbone type all around, with forged aluminium control arms and uprights, coaxial aluminium-bodied dampers and coil springs, and two anti- roll bars. The gearbox was in line with the front-mounted engine, and transmitted power to the rear limited slip differential via a two-piece aluminium driveshaft.
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Aluminum used on the structure which contacts the P-POD must be anodized to prevent cold welding, and other materials may be used for the structure if a waiver is obtained. Beyond cold welding, further consideration is put into material selection as not all materials can be used in vacuums. Structures often feature soft dampers at each end, typically made of rubber, to lessen the effects of impacting other CubeSats in the P-POD. Protrusions beyond the maximum dimensions are allowed by the standard specification, to a maximum of 6.5 mm beyond each side.
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Introduced in 2017, the B4 S is a high performance variant of the B4, with further upgrades to the engine including 10 percent larger turbochargers, 20 percent larger intercoolers and an upgraded engine management system with 35 percent more capacity. All of these upgrades allow the engine to generate between 5,500 and 6,250 rpm and of torque at 3,000 rpm. The car features the same 8-speed automatic transmission as the standard B4. The suspension setup is relatively the same as the B4 but has new springs, dampers and toe-in tuning.
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The car is available with 20-inch classic Alpina multi-spoke alloy wheels in Ferric Gray finish. The Edition 99 has a stiffer suspension system than the B4 S called the Alpina Sports Suspension Plus along with modified adjustable dampers. A limited slip differential and a torque vectoring system is available as an option. The interior features piano black lacquer trim with "Edition" lettering, new sports seats, the shift paddles finished in matte black and a stainless steel plaque signifying the production number of the car out of the 99 units produced.
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The spacecraft's solar panels, at thick, are among the thinnest ever deployed on a satellite. Pegasos 57 solar cells are capable of generating 14.25 watts and feed 32 on- board 900 mA·h batteries, producing a maximum of 107 watts available power. The solar panel and antenna deployment systems made use of memory metals, passively activated by solar radiation, which allowed for smoother deployment and less agitation of the vehicle's attitude. For passive attitude control, Pegaso uses a series of magnets and inertial-magnetic dampers for single-axis alignment along Earth's magnetic field.
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While Talby attempts to repair it, the laser malfunctions, blinding Talby and knocking him unconscious, causing extensive damage to the main computer, and damaging the bomb release mechanism on Bomb #20. Due to the damage to the ship's computer, the crew members cannot activate the release mechanism and attempt to abort the drop. After two prior accidental deployments, Bomb #20 refuses to disarm or abort the countdown sequence. The computer activates dampers to confine the blast to a diameter of one mile, but that is all it can do at the moment.
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Driving controls are duplicated at each side of a central driver's desk, which also contains a range of instruments and surmounts the main control-gear cubicle. Two upholstered seats hinged from the cab sides, windscreen wipers and sun visors are provided. Each bogie is a one-piece cast steel H frame with primary suspension consisting of coil springs in pockets above the axleboxes. Hydraulic dampers are fitted, but neither secondary suspension nor bogie intercoupling were considered necessary for a low-speed locomotive operating on shunting and transfer duties.
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Renault Mégane Trophy rear view The Mégane Trophy based on the second generation Mégane R.S. Trophy was unveiled in 2009, sharing only visual appearance with its road legal counterpart. The car was destined to compete in the European Mégane Trophy race series for privateer race teams. The Trophy features a composite body with a space frame chassis and a mid-mounted 3.5-litre Nissan-Renault V6 engine rated at and mated to a 6-speed sequential transmission driving the rear wheels. The suspension system has full adjustable dampers.
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The "Sportshift" automated manual transmission benefited from a software update, while a lightened flywheel was introduced for both the manual and the Sportshift versions. Aston Martin also stiffened the suspension and the suspension system now uses Bilstein dampers. An optional sports pack was offered with stiffer springs for better handling and all-new 5-spoke alloy wheels. Sportshift-equipped models also received a new dual throttle mapping update which allows the driver to choose from the default sport mode, or comfort mode, which gives more comfortable shifts and throttle input for drivability.
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The ACR Neon, available with the DOHC engine, featured four-wheel disc brakes, Arvin non-adjustable struts for 1995–1996 models and Koni adjustable dampers for 1997–1999 models, thicker anti-sway bars, stiffer suspension bushings, fast-ratio steering, heavy-duty wheel hubs, and a five- speed manual transmission with a shorter .81 fifth gear and final drive ratio of 3.94 for quicker acceleration. 1995 through 1997 models featured adjustable camber. The computer-controlled speed limiter was removed from 1995 ACR models (limited to on later models), and ABS was also, to save weight.
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Already in 1934 it became obvious that Renault had been right in advising to select a different suspension type. The standard one proved to be much too flimsy and especially the oil shock dampers were very maintenance intensive. Both the three vehicles built in 1935 and the two rebuilt prototypes were therefore fitted with an improved AMR 35 suspension type with rubber cylinders. Prototype 79758 had been used to test three different systems: the first with the trailer wheel touching the ground, the second with five road wheels and the last was the one selected.
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The water system is composed of two large coolers that fed through a water oil heat exchanger in the right hand sidepod. The gearbox was attached to the engine through a bell housing that formed the lower part of the engine oil tank, the upper part being a sculpted carbon fibre affair. Of six speed longitudinal configuration the gearbox differed to most conventional layouts in that the selector mechanism was located at the front of the assembly. The rear suspension like the front utilised pushrods compressing the horizontally mounted Koni dampers via rockers.
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The M1 has an unassisted rack and pinion steering, double wishbone suspension system with adjustable coil springs and Bilstein gas filled dampers. The road car had softer suspension bushings to have better ride quality and tractability. The ventilated brakes of the car measured at the front and at the rear and were constructed from steel. The M1 used special Campagnolo alloy wheels measuring 7x16-inches at the front and 8x16-inches at the rear fitted with Pirelli P7 tyres (having sizes of 205/55 VR15 at the front and 225/50 VR15s at the rear).
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The tower has seismic proofing, including a central shaft made of reinforced concrete. The main internal pillar is attached to the outer tower structure for the first above ground. From there until the pillar is attached to the tower frame with oil dampers, which act as cushions during an earthquake. Additional resilience is achieved through an "added mass control mechanism" (or tuned mass damper) – a damping system which, in the event of an earthquake, moves out of step with the building's structure, to keep the center of gravity as central as possible to the tower's base.
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Georg Knorr (1859–1911) Bruno Kunze (1854–1935) Knorr-Bremse GmbH, Berlin (1908) Süddeutsche Bremsen-AG, Munich (1924) Knorr-Bremse AG headquarters today, Munich Knorr-Bremse AG is a German manufacturer of braking systems for rail and commercial vehicles that has operated in the field for over 110 years. Other products in Group's portfolio include intelligent door systems, control components, air conditioning systems for rail vehicles, torsional vibration dampers, and transmission control systems for commercial vehicles. In 2019, the Group's workforce of over 28,000 achieved worldwide sales of EUR 6.93 billion. The Group has a presence in over 30 countries, at 100 locations.
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163 the ES 300 featured one powertrain option, a 3.0-liter V6 capable of and of torque and a four-speed automatic – although a , 2.5-liter 2MZ-FE V6 was also offered in the equivalent Japanese-market Windom. The ES 300 could go from in 7.7 seconds. The third generation ES was also slightly longer (overall length increased by ) but weighed less than the previous model, and its drag coefficient was , improved over its predecessor. For the first time, an Adaptive Variable Suspension, capable of adjusting individual wheels' dampers according to road conditions (within 0.0025 seconds), was offered.
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Suspended from the 92nd to the 87th floor, the pendulum sways to offset movements in the building caused by strong gusts. Its sphere, the largest damper sphere in the world, consists of 41 circular steel plates of varying diameters, each thick, welded together to form a diameter sphere. Two additional tuned mass dampers, each weighing , are installed at the tip of the spire which help prevent damage to the structure due to strong wind loads. On 8 August 2015, strong winds from Typhoon Soudelor swayed the main damper by – the largest movement ever recorded by the damper.
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The suspension setup at the front and the rear of the vehicle consisted of a double wishbone pushrod actuated torsion bar with the dampers housed inside the monocoque of the car. It had bodywork elements designed to direct airflow into the chassis. Its engine, a naturally aspirated V8 variant of the BMW S65 used in the company's M3 model, was angled at 90 degrees, and underwent a re-badging by Praga. Engineers used the production block of the S65, reducing its capacity to for the best possible efficiency rate, The engine produces approximately for a maximum speed of 9,500 revolutions per minute (rpm).
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The Bernard 200 T was powered by a de Havilland Gipsy III inverted four-cylinder air-cooled piston engine, driving a two-blade propeller, housed under a latched dural cowling which opened like a car bonnet. Its fixed tailwheel undercarriage had aerodynamically clean, cantilever main legs, each built from a single, tapered girder with fairings added to its leading and trailing edges. These legs were mounted on the fuselage immediately behind the front doors and at window-sill height, with pneumatic dampers inside the cabin behind the front seats; this arrangement led to the low fuselage and easy access.
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Devin D Porsche (1957) In 1958 Devin released a new model named the Devin D. This model came with a new body style and was built on a Devin-designed ladder chassis with a wheelbase of . The front suspension of transverse torsion bars and trailing links was from Volkswagen, while single coil-over-dampers and trailing arms were used at the rear. The buyer had the choice of rear-mounted air-cooled four-cylinder boxer engines from either Volkswagen or Porsche. The VW engine displaced and developed at 3700 rpm, while the Porsche engine displaced and made at 4500 rpm.
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The suspension is by double A-arms, manganese bronze trunnion, coil springs and tube shocks at the front, optional anti-roll bar, and with worm and peg steering. Unlike MGs of the same period, the steering mechanism and linkage have considerable play and friction, which increase with wear. The rear is conventional leaf springs, with solid axle and lever arm dampers, except that the (box) frame rails are slung under the axle. The wheels are 15 inches in diameter and 4.5 inches wide (increased from 4 inches after the first few TR2s), with 48-spoke wire wheels optional.
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That name would be more accurately descriptive of what the pedal accomplishes, i.e., sustainment of a single tone or group of tones. The pedal holds up only dampers that were already raised at the moment that it was depressed. So if a player: (i) holds down a note or chord, and (ii) while so doing depresses this pedal, and then (iii) lifts the fingers from that note or chord while keeping the pedal depressed, then that note or chord is not damped until the foot is lifted—despite subsequently played notes being damped normally on their release.
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This design of superheater produced a superheat of from above saturation temperature. The passage of gases through the large flues and around the superheating pipes was controlled by a damper, which was automatically operated by a steam cylinder connected directly to the steam chest. When the throttle was opened, the pressure in the steam chest would open the damper, which would be closed again by a counterweight when steam was shut off. Superheater dampers were used for many years until it was determined that damping was unnecessary, since the life of the superheating elements was not increased appreciably by their use.
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Instrumentation includes sensing devices to measure process parameters such as pressure, temperature, liquid level, flow, velocity, composition, density, weight; and mechanical and electrical parameters such as vibration, position, power, current and voltage. The measured value of a parameter can be displayed and recorded either locally and/or in a control room. If the measured variable exceeds pre-defined limits an alarm may be provided to warn the operating personnel of a potential problem. Automatic executive action can also be taken by the instrumentation to close or open shutdown valves and dampers, or to trip (stop) pumps and compressors.
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The top chords of the trusses were bolted to seats welded to the spandrels on the exterior side and a channel welded to the core columns on the interior side. The floors were connected to the perimeter spandrel plates with viscoelastic dampers that helped reduce the amount of sway felt by building occupants. Hat trusses (or "outrigger trusses") located from the 107th floor to the top of the buildings were designed to support a tall communication antenna on top of each building. Only 1 WTC (north tower) actually had an antenna fitted; it was added in 1978.
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The bridge was designed with a dual-hinged stiffening girder system, allowing the structure to withstand winds of , earthquakes measuring up to magnitude 8.5, and harsh sea currents. The bridge also contains tuned mass dampers that are designed to operate at the resonance frequency of the bridge to dampen forces. The two main supporting towers rise above sea level, and the bridge can expand because of heat by up to over the course of a day. Each anchorage required of concrete. The steel cables have of wire: each cable is in diameter and contains 36,830 strands of wire.
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As exhibited in Paris, the P.10 had a tall single axle undercarriage mounted on a pair of vee- struts on either side. These were bungee sprung, though there were plans for oleo dampers. The P.10 was not the first metal British aircraft, for the unlikely looking Seddon Mayfly holds that priority; but it never had a realistic hope of flight. One lesser novelty, which was to become a standard Boulton & Paul feature was the mounting of the Lucifer on a hinge so that it could be swung sideways for servicing without disconnecting pipework etc.
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Channel truck Channel trucks are common on mountainboards, and are made up of an axles mounted to the truck bottom piece, which is suspended from a top hanger by a kingpin. They are mounted to the deck using nuts and bolts through the hanger part, on an angle, (usually 35°). When the board is tilted laterally the axles turn together to angle the wheels in the direction of the turn. Two polyurethane dampers sometimes known as "egg shocks" are mounted between the hanger and the axle housing on each truck to provide resistance to the lean of the rider during turning.
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1851 was the year of the Great Exhibition in London's Hyde Park. Stephens' indelible "blue-black writing fluid" and other inks received favourable press reviews and the company's wood stains for oak, mahogany and walnut were used on the doors and panels of the Exhibition buildings. The Prince Consort, visiting early one morning, was reported to be much impressed by the results. Later that year, Stephens' Ink company advertisements featured not only inks and wood stains but also patent propelling pencils, parallel rulers, and stamp and label dampers, and claimed patronage by Prince Albert and other European royals.
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A unison or octave will provoke the largest response as there is maximum likeness in vibratory motion. Other links through shared resonances occur at the fifth and, though with much less effect, at the major third. The principle of sympathetic resonance has been applied in musical instruments from many cultures and times. Apart from the basic principle at work on instruments with many undamped strings, such as harps, guitars and pianos with the dampers raised, other instruments are fitted with extra choirs of sympathetic strings, which respond with a silvery halo to the tones played on the main strings.
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It has been extended and applied to a wide variety of engineering problems, including multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) systems, buildings, frames, bidirectional and torsional response of hysteretic systems, two- and three- dimensional continua, soil liquefaction and base isolation systems. The Bouc–Wen model, its variants and extensions have been used in structural control—in particular, in the modeling of behaviour of magneto-rheological dampers, base-isolation devices for buildings and other kinds of damping devices. It has also been used in the modelling and analysis of structures built of reinforced concrete, steel, masonry, and timber.
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The tunnels are vented to the atmosphere at the San Francisco and Oakland ends and are vented to each other (through the upper gallery) with remotely-operated dampers long by high over every third door. Each end of the tube is secured to the vent structures with a patented sliding seismic joint which allows six degrees of freedom (translation along and rotation about three axes). As-designed, the joints allow movement of up to along the tube's axis and up to vertically or laterally. A restaurant was constructed atop the transition structure (vent) on a pier behind the Ferry Building.
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First, as an organ builder, he may have favored the idea of providing the player with a variety of tonal colors. The same impulse led German harpsichord builders of the time occasionally to include two-foot (two octaves higher than normal pitch) and sixteen-foot (one octave lower) choirs of strings in their instruments. In addition, Silbermann had until 1727 built very large hammer dulcimers, called pantaleons, on behalf of Pantaleon Hebenstreit, who achieved a sensational career with virtuosic playing on this demanding instrument. The pantaleon, like any other hammered dulcimer, had no dampers and thus created a wash of sound.
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Compets play a practice instrument, where the levers strike tuned bars with hammers (like a xylophone), allowing them to learn the instrument without the whole campus listening. To advance to the next round of competition, compets must demonstrate their mastery of the three songs, in addition to sight reading a piece. This audition is played on the main chimes console, but compets only press the dampers halfway, and therefore the chimes remain silent. Those who pass the silent audition move on to coached concerts, and then, finally, judged concerts, where compets take on the full responsibilities of a chimesmaster.
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The Dallara F312 was designed to meet the new for 2012 FIA Formula 3 regulations, which were much more restricted compared to previous Formula 3 Regulations, and led to reduced downforce levels. Compared to the previous generation Dallara F308, the 312 features a higher monocoque and a lower nose-section than the outgoing model, with the front dampers and springs being placed inside the tub, a first for a Dallara F3 Car, alongside a revised Aerodynamic Package. The car was unveiled at the Masters of Formula 3 event on the 20th of October 2011 at Circuit Zandvoort, in the Netherlands.
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The sole transmission option was the 7-speed dual-clutch transmission (M-DCT) and the official acceleration time for the GTS is 4.4 seconds. The car weighs less than the regular M3, due to a lighter centre console and door panels, polycarbonate side and rear windows, a lack of rear seats and the removal of acoustic insulation. Suspension changes include adjustable camber angle and ride height, a rigidly mounted rear axle and revised dampers. The front brakes were upgraded to 6-piston calipers with larger rotors, and the rear brakes were upgraded to 4-piston calipers with larger rotors.
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Some features of newly improved stoves include a chimney, enclosing the fire to retain heat, designing a pot holder to maximize heat transfer, dampers to control air flow, a ceramic insert to reduce heat loss, and multi-pot systems to allow for cooking multiple dishes. Stoves are now known to be one of the least-cost means to achieve the combined objective of reducing the health burden of IAP and in some areas reducing environmental stress from biomass harvesting.Healthy Stoves and Fuels for Developing Nations and the Global Environment, Kammen, D. 2003. Accessed 12 May 2007.
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The Dongting Lake Bridge () is a bridge with cable-stayed bridge section over Dongting Lake in Yueyang, northeastern Hunan Province, China. Cable-stayed section consists of three tower supporting a center spans of 310 m each and two identical side spans of 130 m each.MR damping system on Dongting Lake cable-stayed bridge The bridge is one of a handful of "next generation" bridges worldwide, and includes cable dampers that use magnetorheological fluid which have the capability to change viscosity in response to an electromagnetic field. The bridge includes four lanes of traffic--two lanes in each direction.
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The most powerful form of this engine, and quattro four-wheel drive, makes for a time of 5.5 seconds, and an electronically limited top speed of . Audi offers both six-speed manual and six-speed S-Tronic automatic transmissions with the S3. The spring ratings and dampers were revised, along with the body kit. Like its predecessor, although badged a "quattro" model, the S3 does not employ a Torsen centre differential (as in other common quattro models), but instead uses the Swedish Haldex Traction system in its on-demand four-wheel drive transmission, due to the transverse engine layout.
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The facility uses a combination of elastomeric base isolators and hydraulic viscous dampers (similar to those used in an MX missile silo) to absorb the energy generated during a seismic event and to protect the building's structural integrity. The emergency department is a level II trauma center and consists of 15 observation rooms, 8 treatment rooms, 8 trauma rooms, and 3 law enforcement rooms. The hospital has a helicopter landing area, which is equipped to accommodate medivac and military helicopters. There is an outpatient building on the ARMC campus, which houses 109 examination rooms and 8 procedure rooms.
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The turbocharged cars were fitted with Koni dampers and wider tyres than on the naturally aspirated model. Ultimately, TVR also produced small numbers of the Taimar Turbo and 3000S Turbo. Among all the Turbo cars, four were built with the "Special Equipment" (SE) specification, which included a leather interior, flared wheel arches, large Compomotive split-rim alloy wheels, and a limited-slip differential. Of these four cars, three were Taimar Turbo SEs and one was a 3000S Turbo SE. The single 3000S Turbo SE was used by Martin Lilley as his personal transport until he sold it.
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COLBERT's Vibration Isolation System was designed to work without power, and also to be more reliable than its predecessor. COLBERT will rest on springs that are hooked to dampers, which are then connected to a standard-sized rack that has been extensively reinforced in order to handle the power produced by COLBERT users. The rack alone weighs 2,200 pounds, which is its contractual design limit, and is also louder than the first treadmill which is a trade-off Wiederhoeft said is necessary to increase its reliability. "Noise and reliability are fighting against each other here," Wiederhoeft said.
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Suspension system is manufactured by Bilstein, which has 10 settings for rebound and compression tuning for the dampers. The options for the car are very diverse, like all of the other Viper trims. One example is the ACR Extreme Aero Package, which was the same package used to help the car break a total of 14 track lap records. The package included the addition of a removable extended front splitter extension, a new adjustable dual-element rear wing, four dive planes, six removable diffuser strakes, removable brake ducts, and removable hood louvers, and if removed, will reveal a hood gap.
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Fine-tuning of the project occurred after a wind loading and pedestrian induced vibration analysis. Two tuned mass dampers were installed inside the outer box beam as well as one inside the inner box beam at the furthest extension of the Skywalk to reduce pedestrian footfall vibration. The walkway could carry 822 people that weigh each without overstress, but maximum occupancy at one time is 120 people. Closer view of the entrance building to skywalk The Skywalk was assembled on top of the canyon wall in line with its final placement and moved into final position by a jack and roll rig.
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Modifications to the mechanicals of the Viper included a 27-gallon fuel cell, differential cooler, ducted brakes, improved driver and engine cooling, trap door oil pan, low-inertia flywheel, an improved double-wishbone suspension system, new spherical bearing control arm attachments, two-way adjustable coil over dampers, and a driver-adjustable blade-type rear anti-roll bar. The anti- lock braking system added a distribution control system. The initial price of the car is around $100,000. The Viper Competition Coupe was initially built for use in the Viper Challenge Championship one-make series starting in 2003.
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In September 2014, McLaren launched an additional model to the range, the 625C, available in both coupé and roadster bodystyles and aimed at specific markets in the South Asia Pacific region. As with the 650S, the 625 in the model's name refers to the engine's power output in PS while the C refers to Club which hints at the less extreme nature of the car. Powered by the same 3.8-litre twin-turbocharged V8 engine, but with a reduced power output of . The 625C is fitted with new dampers and a revised suspension setup, including softer spring rates.
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A problem with water collecting in the aircraft's wings during rainstorms necessitated the construction of a special hangar at a cost of $700,000. The hangar was constructed in 1925 at the nearby Fairfield Air Depot. XNBL-1 Although the XNBL-1 was not put into production, it had advanced features such as aluminum fuselage components, adjustableThe pilot could lower the front wheels of the four-wheel bogeys so they would contact the runway surface first during the landing. These wheels were cushioned by long-stroke hydraulic dampers which absorbed the landing load as the airplane settled onto the remaining wheels.
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Yet the soul > (if I may use the word) of the instrument never changed—that had been built > into the box at the beginning.Source: Malcolm Bilson (2001), "Mozart's > Walter piano," Early Music 29:333-334. In writing this, Bilson was offering > a modern analogy to support the possibility of a comparable performer- > builder relationship between Mozart and Walter 200 years earlier, with > Walter modifying his instrument to meet Mozart's needs by adding knee levers > (functionally equivalent to pedals) to control the dampers. The scholarly > controversy Bilson addressed was whether Mozart's Walter piano permitted him > to 'pedal', in the modern sense of the term.
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Jaguar developed two variants of the engine: the 3.0 L variant was intended for competition in the IMSA series and the 3.5 L variant was intended for competition in World sports car championship. Both variants were fitted with two Garett turbochargers and produced varied power outputs of and respectively depending on the level of boost. Tony Southgate designed a new chassis for the car which was compact and the evolution of the carbon fibre monocoque of the previous XJR-8/XJR-9. The chassis incorporated double wishbone suspension with push-rod actuated dampers front and rear, with the rear suspension mounted overboard.
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The Audi Le Mans Quattro has a number of high-tech features, including the headlights which are composed entirely of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The structural framework of the body, the Audi Space Frame (ASF) shared with the Lamborghini Gallardo, is made entirely of aluminium, while the outer skin is made out of carbon fibre and aluminium. The car also features an electronically controlled rear spoiler which raises at . The Le Mans Quattro featured the magnetic ride magneto rheological dampers, also installed in the latest TT, which gives the car a firmer and more responsive drive and improved handling characteristics.
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The location of the injection ports and the mixing of over-fire air is critical to maintaining efficient combustion. Retrofitting over-fire air on an existing boiler involves water-wall tube modifications to create the ports for the secondary air nozzles and the addition of ducts, dampers, and the wind-box. This technique is currently used in 116 pulverized coal-fired units on a total capacity of 50 gigawatt electrical (GWe) as a standalone measure. It is used in combination with other primary measures for NOx control in 175 coal-fired units on a total capacity of 53 GWe.
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Like all its PQ35 platform-mates, the new 8J TT now has a multi-link fully independent rear suspension to complement the front independent suspension. The entire suspension system can be enhanced with Audi's new active suspension, "Audi Magnetic Ride", available as an option. This is based on BWI Group's MagneRide, which uses magneto rheological dampers (this means that an electronic control unit for the suspension will automatically adjust its damping properties depending on the current road conditions and driving manner). The new TT also features a revised rear spoiler which preserves the clean aesthetics of the TT when not raised.
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Contrary to active fire protection measures, passive fire protection means do not typically require electric or electronic activation or a degree of motion. Exceptions to that particular rule of thumb are fire dampers (fire-resistive closures within air ducts, excluding grease ducts) and fire door closers, which must move, open and shut in order to work, as well as all intumescent products, which swell, thus move, in order to function. As the name suggests, passive fire protection remains inactive in the coating system until a fire occurs. There are mainly two types of PFP: intumescent fire protection and vermiculite fire protection.
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The hydraulic dampers at the front had their damping rate controlled by governor and so varied with the speed of the car, making it superior to its predecessor, the 25/30 H.P. and on par with the Phantom III. The car was still built on a separate chassis but this was now of welded rather than the traditional riveted construction. The drum brakes were assisted by a mechanical servo driven by the engine patented by Hispano-Suiza and built by Rolls-Royce under licence. Wire wheels of 17 inch diameter were fitted, with the spokes usually covered by removable discs.
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42ter: 2 × 12.7 mm (.5 in) machine guns with two additional guns mounted in blisters under the wings. ;ICR.42: Experimental floatplane version designed by CMASA, top speed decreased by only 8 km/h (5 mph) in spite of the 124 kg (273 lb) increase in weight. ;CR.42LW: Night harassment, anti-partisan aircraft for the German Luftwaffe. The aircraft were equipped with exhaust flame dampers, a pair of 12.7 mm machine guns and underwing racks for four 50 kg bombs. 150 were built, of which 112 were accepted into service by the Luftwaffe.Håkan & Slongo 2009. ;CR.
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Chevrolet Camaro Concept The Chevrolet Camaro Concept was designed by a South Korean- born designer Sangyup Lee. The car was based on the Holden developed GM Zeta platform. It was powered by a 6.0-liter LS2 V8 engine rated at with active fuel management. The engine was mated to a T56 6-speed manual transmission and the car was equipped with front and rear suspension featuring progressive-rate springs and gas-pressurized dampers, four-wheel vented disc brakes with 14-inch rotors, 21-inch front and 22-inch rear five-spoke cast alloy wheels, and 275/30R21 front and 305/30R22 rear tires.
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The Corvette C6 featured new bodywork with exposed headlamps, revised suspension geometry, a larger passenger compartment, a larger V8 engine and a higher level of refinement. It is 5.1 inches (13 cm) shorter than the C5, but the wheelbase was increased by 1.2 inches (3 cm). It is also one inch (2.5 cm) narrower. The new LS2 engine has a power output of at 6,000 rpm and of torque at 4,400 rpm. Like the C5, the Corvette C6's suspension consisted of independent unequal- length double wishbones with transverse fiberglass mono-leaf springs and optional magnetorheological dampers.
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The Torsen rear differential further divides the torque delivered to each rear wheel according to grip available. A shorter final drive ratio (3.111 instead of 2.944 on the HF 4WD) matched the larger 6.5x15 wheels to give 24 mph/1000 rpm (39 km/h per 1000 rpm) in fifth gear. Braking and suspension were uprated to ventilated front discs, a larger brake master cylinder and servo, as well as revised front springs, dampers, and front struts. The HF Integrale was facelifted with bulged wheel arches for the wider section 195/55 VR tyres on 15-inch 6J alloy wheels.
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The Leopard 2 has a torsion bar suspension and has advanced friction dampers. The running gear consists of seven dual rubber-tyred road wheels and four return rollers per side, with the idler wheel at the front and drive sprocket at the rear. The tracks are Diehl 570F tracks, with rubber-bushed end connectors, which have removable rubber pads and use 82 links on each track. For use in icy ground, up to 18 rubber pads can be replaced by the same number of grousers, which are stored in the vehicle's bow when not in use.
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A standard tuned mass damper for wind turbines consists of an auxiliary mass which is attached to the main structure by means of springs and dashpot elements. The natural frequency of the tuned mass damper is basically defined by its spring constant and the damping ratio determined by the dashpot. The tuned parameter of the tuned mass damper enables the auxiliary mass to oscillate with a phase shift with respect to the motion of the structure. In a typical configuration an auxiliary mass hung below the nacelle of a wind turbine supported by dampers or friction plates.
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Schmidt superheater The construction of the header and its connections to the steam pipe and steam chest were such that steam had to pass through the elements on its way from the boiler to the cylinders. The flow of heat through the large superheater flue tubes was controlled by damper doors (marked "D" in the diagram), hinged or pivoted below the header in the smokebox. The damper doors were actuated by a small automatic steam cylinder and piston attached to the outer shell of the smokebox. While the regulator was shut, the dampers were kept closed by a counterweight fitted to a crank.
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Due to these phase shifts the feedback signal of some frequencies can ultimately become in phase with the input signal and thus turn into positive feedback, creating a runaway condition. Even before the point where the phase shift becomes 180 degrees, stability of the negative feedback loop will become compromised, leading to increasing under- and overshoot following a disturbance. This problem is often dealt with by attenuating or changing the phase of the problematic frequencies in a design step called compensation. Unless the system naturally has sufficient damping, many negative feedback systems have low pass filters or dampers fitted.
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Similarly to the previous generation, a Handling Speciale (HS) package was made available for the California T, providing sportier handling at the expense of a stiffer ride. The Handling Speciale includes stiffer springs front and aft, retuned magnetorheological dampers, faster gear shifts when in Sport mode, a reprogrammed F1-Trac stability control, and a new sport exhaust system. Visually, the HS package-equipped cars are distinguished by a matte grey grille and rear diffuser, matte black diffuser fences and matte black exhaust tips. The California T Handling Speciale was unveiled at the March 2016 Geneva Motor Show.
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The hydraulic dampers of the multi-link rear suspension were also re-tuned to match the front suspension changes. Mazda engineers and designers addressed concerns regarding cabin noise level by redesigning or changing multiple systems and adding sound-deadening material to the roof lining and hood panel. The bumper-to-bumper warranty was reduced to 36 months / 36,000 miles while the powertrain warranty was increased to 60 months / 60,000 miles in most markets. In the UK, all Mazda3s have a 3-year unlimited mileage warranty, 3-year roadside assistance and 12 year anti perforation warranty as standard.
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358 and two double actions with additional levers mounted to a second rail for operating the dampers as well as checks for the hammer. The first of these was arranged like the action from his 1811 patent with the backward facing escapement on the key operating the check lever wire; in the second the check lever wire was operated by the sticker. The sticker was pinned to the underside of another lever, hinged to the hammer rail and carrying the escapement.Robert Wornum, Improvements in pianofortes. No. 5384, 4 July 1826 Abridgments of Specifications relating to Music and Musical Instruments.
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The front suspension geometry was changed to decrease the scrub radius thus decreasing steering effort without adding a bulky power steering system. The camber curve was also much improved, the dampers are moved inside the coil springs, and new sealed bearing/hub units were used in 1988. The rear suspension featured multi-link (two lateral links and one trailing arm) Chapman strut suspension, and the tie-rod related bump steer experienced with the earlier suspension design was fixed. The brakes were also upgraded to vented rotors on the front and rear with an improved slide caliper design having larger diameter slides.
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HiFi-Plus, Issue 68 The principle behind it is that the turntable is an inert platform that allows the stylus to track the surface of the record accurately whilst being protected from external vibrations. The platter, sub-chassis, armboard and tonearm mechanically form a closed loop, and sit on top of dampers (usually three springs) which isolate the sub-assembly from its motor and its base. The motor, mounted (directly or indirectly) on the top plate, drives the turntable platter via a belt. The compression spring system of the XA was much improved upon, and popularised in the Linn Sondek LP12.
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With the 2014 Competition Package, the M6 comes with a sportier exhaust system with black tips, stiffer springs, dampers, and anti-roll bars, steering is more direct than the base M6, the twin- turbocharged V8 engine utilised in the M6 is updated and is rated at and of torque. This results in a 0 to acceleration time of 3.9 seconds for the coupe and Gran Coupe versions. In 2016, the Competition Pack engine was upgraded to and of torque, resulting in a 0 to acceleration time of 3.8 seconds for the coupe and Gran Coupe versions.
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Stockbridge dampers, invented and patented in the 1920s by George H. Stockbridge, an engineer for Southern California Edison, contributed greatly to the durability of overhead cables in conditions giving rise to Aeolian vibration. Failures were still common, particularly in the great featureless expanses of the Australian landscape, and Dulhunty was inspired to invent the Dogbone damper in 1976. His innovation was to offset the weights sideways in order to introduce a third degree of freedom, twisting the damper cable in addition to bending it up and down. Additional intra- strand friction was created in the damper cable, dissipating significantly more energy.
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The front subframe was made from aluminum. Front suspension used a double wishbone layout, while the rear was a multi-link with a Precision All Wheel Steer (P-AWS, front-drive models only) system. ZF Sachs (ZF) supplied the "Amplitude Reactive Dampers" with two piston valves per damper. 18-inch wheels were standard, and 19-inch wheels with a noise reducing harmonic construction feature were optional for non-hybrids and standard on hybrids, a feature similar to that used in the previous face-lifted 2011 Acura RL. Suspension tuning was oriented towards the sportier side of comfort.
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Isolated raised-floor systems are used to safeguard essential equipment against earthquakes. The technique has been incorporated to protect statues and other works of art—see, for instance, Rodin's Gates of Hell at the National Museum of Western Art in Tokyo's Ueno Park. Base isolation demonstration at The Field Museum in Chicago Base isolation units consist of Linear-motion bearings, that allow the building to move, oil dampers that absorb the forces generated by the movement of the building, and laminated rubber bearings that allow the building to return to its original position when the earthquake has ended.
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The 8C 2900 was designed to compete in sports car races in general and the Mille Miglia in particular. It used the 2.9 L version of the 8C engine and was based on the 8C 35 Grand Prix racing chassis. As such, it had an inline 8-cylinder 2.9-litre engine using two Roots type superchargers fed by two updraught Weber carburettors and fully independent suspension with Dubonnet- type trailing arm suspension with coil springs and hydraulic dampers at front and swing axles with a transverse leaf spring at the rear. 1936 Alfa Romeo 8C 2900A roadster.
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Aston Martin Vantage N400 To commemorate the company's racing successes at the Nürburgring, Aston Martin released the limited edition N400 at the 2007 Frankfurt Motor Show. The N400s 4.3-litre V8 was tuned to produce hence the name, and the car also featured a sports pack which included lightweight graphite-finished wheels, uprated springs and dampers and a new rear anti-roll bar. The N400 was available in three special paint colours; Bergwerk Black, Lightning Silver and Karussell Orange. Each N400 came with perforated leather trim, including a map of the Nürburgring stitched on the center armrest, and a numbered plaque.
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Same as the TSIO-360-A except for rating, crankshaft dampers provision for cabin pressurization. ;TSIO-360-CB : at 2800 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 7.50:1. Same as the TSIO-360-C except for a modified crankshaft. ;TSIO-360-D : at 2800 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 7.50:1. Same as the TSIO-360-C except for cabin pressurization. ;TSIO-360-DB : at 2800 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 7.50:1. Same as the TSIO-360-D except for a modified crankshaft.
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They served in the military, often as members of the Seabees, the Naval Construction Battalions, and fought to protect the military installations they built. The fact that SMWIA membership more than doubled between 1938 and 1946– from 24,372 to 52, 932– reflected the vast expansion of sheet metal work during the war. At the same time, air-conditioning was becoming a necessity, not a luxury, in commercial, industrial, and residential structures, making sheet metal workers an "indispensable factor" in the building and construction industry. SMWIA handled the job from beginning to end, fabricating and installing the ductwork, dampers, and louvers, a job required.
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Zn/La shows signal of metal-bound ligand- based at 397 nm while Zn/Eu shows signals of lanthanide metal at 581, 594, 616, 652 nm and signals of ligand at 397 nm indicating that the ligand is sensitive to metal biding. In addition to the multi-responsive properties, gold metallogels can prove to be useful in cosmetics, food processing, and lubrication. Those gels are used in drug delivery, to trap active enzymes and bacteria inside them. Furthermore, the basis of certain technologies, producing valves, clutches, and dampers, rely on the multi-responsive nature of metallogels to electric and magnetic stimuli.
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The suspension bridge had to be closed almost immediately after delivery due to unexpected vibrations in the cables caused by the wind. An investigation of the problem was undertaken during the next several weeks by professors of civil and mechanical engineering from the Eindhoven University of Technology, the Delft University of Technology and professor Albert Zasso of the Politecnico di Milano. It was finally determined that the problem was vortices of wind forming in the lee of the cables, causing far heavier vibrations than expected during design. A solution was found by applying additional dampers on the cables.
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Unlike emergency lights, emergency lighting is not a type of light fixture; it is a pattern of the building's normal lights that provides a path of lights to allow for safe exit, or lights up service areas such as mechanical rooms and electric rooms. Exit signs, Fire alarm systems (that are not on back up batteries) and the electric motor pumps for the fire sprinklers are almost always on emergency power. Other equipment on emergency power may include smoke isolation dampers, smoke evacuation fans, elevators, handicap doors and outlets in service areas. Hospitals use emergency power outlets to power life support systems and monitoring equipment.
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The C.8R incorporated drag hinges, due to blade flapping motion causing high blade root stresses in the rotor plane of rotation; this modification resulted in other problems such as ground resonance for which drag hinge dampers were fitted. The resolution of these fundamental rotor problems opened the way to progress, confidence built up rapidly, and after several cross-country flights a C.8L4 was entered for the 1928 Kings Cup Air Race. Although forced to withdraw, the C.8L4 subsequently completed a tour of the British Isles. Later that year it flew from London to Paris thus becoming the first rotating wing aircraft to cross the English Channel.
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On the other hand, in the conception of the Matute Remus when separating the board from the supports it is possible to implement dampers grounded. The road system is divided into 3 parts: the eastern part consisting of a ramp 122 m long, 26 m wide and a maximum height of 7.10 m; the western part, a 119 m ramp that joins another 400 m of bearing slab that in turn connects with the hanging part. The hanging section has a length of 165 meters supported by 78 tendons or braces. Its total length is 930 m and 26 m wide, which includes 3 lanes each way.
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Standard equipment includes LED headlights, electronically controlled dampers, electric and heated sports seats, and two 12.3-inch displays for the instrument panel and iDrive system. G05 X5 models are also available with laser headlights, heated and cooled cupholders, a panoramic sunroof with LED patterns, and a Microsoft Office 365 and Skype for Business subscription with over-the-air updates. A new Digital Key system also enables a smartphone to be used as a keyfob to lock or unlock the car via NFC. xLine and M Sport packages are also offered alongside the standard trim and feature different body styling and exclusive exterior paint colours and upholstery choices.
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In the case of heating medium with the falling temperature of the first fluid the controller would act to open the TCV to increase the flow of heating medium thereby raising the temperature of the first fluid. The controller (TIC) may also generate high (TAH) and low temperature (TAL) alarms to warn operating personnel of a potential problem. Fin fan coolers use air to cool gases and liquids. The temperature of fluid is controlled (TIC) by opening or closing dampers on the cooler or adjusting the speed of the fan or the pitch angle of the fan blades thereby increasing or decreasing the flow of air.
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And so, while listening to an MP3 of Wagner he received as a present from his grandson and riding in a luxury car, Takaichi asked Shinji how progress was going in expanding the company's automobile electronic component field. CD players were losing popularity but the automotive market for small electric motors was booming. In an ordinary automobile, 50 to 60 small motors control everything from door locks and power windows to power seats, steering locks, air conditioner dampers, car mirrors, head lamps, navigation systems and audio visual equipment. But in a luxury car like the one Takaichi and Shinji were riding in, over 100 small electric motors are used.
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An image of a claviharp from the 1891 Scientific American The claviharp is a 19th-century musical instrument that combined a harp with a keyboard. Johann Christian Dietz invented the instrument in 1813 CE. His grandfather was one of the first upright piano manufacturers. Struck by what he saw as difficulties and defects of the harp, in 1810, he built an instrument à cordes pincées à clavier, which connected a keyboard to the harp strings. He made the instrument to address limitations of the harp—susceptibility of catgut strings to atmospheric change, inconsistency of sound as finger motion varies, limited diatonic scale (without pedals), and lack of dampers.
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Harmonics and torsional vibrations can greatly reduce crankshaft life, or cause instantaneous failure if the crankshaft runs at or through an amplified resonance. Dampers are designed with a specific weight (mass) and diameter, which are dependent on the damping material/method used, to reduce mechanical Q factor, or damp, crankshaft resonances. A harmonic balancer (sometimes crankshaft damper, torsional damper, or vibration damper) is the same thing as a harmonic damper except that the balancer includes a counterweight to externally balance the rotating assembly. The harmonic balancer often serves as a pulley for the accessory drive belts turning the alternator, water pump and other crankshaft driven devices.
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The 8 Litre was built on Bentley’s largest rolling chassis, a ladder frame with large tubular steel cross-members downswept from the front and rear axles towards the centre to lower the centre of gravity. Neither engine nor gearbox contributed to the bracing of the chassis. Suspension by long semi-elliptic leaf springs was controlled by double acting dampers, friction on the front and hydraulic on the rear axle, and all four wheels were fitted with Dewandre vacuum-servo-assisted drum brakes, the forward brakes being of Bentley-Perrott design. Steering was by worm and sector and castor action could be adjusted to suit individual taste.
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All wheel drive was standard on both the 9-2X and the 9-7X. Saab also specified their own front seats incorporate active head restraints, unlike the fixed headrest seats in the equivalent Impreza WRX. The rear suspension arms are aluminum, with further reduction of unsprung weight achieved by using plastic in place of heavier components, bushings unique to the Saab, and recalibrated dampers. The steering had been made more responsive and exact in the Aero by using the steering rack shared by the STI version of the WRX, which features a faster 15.0:1 steering ratio, more rigidly mounted steering hardware and stiffer chassis bushings.
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Beneath each pier the seabed was first reinforced and stabilized by driving 200 hollow steel pipes vertically into the ground. The pier footings were not buried into the seabed, but rather rest on a bed of gravel meticulously leveled to an even surface (a difficult endeavor at this depth). During an earthquake, the piers can move laterally on the sea floor with the gravel bed absorbing the energy. The bridge decking is connected to the pylons using jacks and dampers to absorb movement; too rigid a connection would cause the bridge structure to fail in the event of an earthquake and too much lateral leeway would damage the piers.
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The Vectron is designed to be easily reconfigurable to a variety of country or work specific configurations; reconfiguration to different safety systems is simplified with pre-designed mounting points for track equipment, modular safety equipment cabinets in the locomotive body and a driver's desk designed for a wide variety of information equipment. The locomotives are also available in a medium power () version for regional passenger and medium freight work as well as a high power () version. DC only versions are only available in medium power. The standard design speed is , which can be upgraded to with the addition of semi-active yaw dampers incorporating a bogie–bogie steering mechanism.
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The downside of using fuel containing ethanol in classic and vintage cars is that the ethanol is corrosive and will eat away at rubber parts in the car's fuel system. This applies to many cars and other gasoline powered vehicles, such as boats, that were designed or manufactured before the early 1990s, after which ethanol blended fuel started to become widespread. The ethanol in fuel results in fuel hoses, fuel pumps, fuel dampers, seals, gaskets, diaphragms and other rubber parts becoming defective more quickly. Current replacement parts are sometimes designed to withstand the corrosive effects of ethanol, but in a car with original parts the ethanol will cause damage.
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Other changes include the Xtrac paddle-shift operated 6-speed sequential transmission, an Xtrac Salisbury type differential, six-piston Brembo front brake calipers with four-piston rear calipers, custom adjustable front and rear antiroll bars, and two-way adjustable Ohlins TTX-46 front struts and TTX-36 rear dampers. Exterior changes include wider front fenders, a hood extractor, aerodynamic side skirts, lightweight carbon fiber doors and front fascia, a custom GT4 specification carbon fiber rear spoiler, GT4 specification front dive planes, and a GT4 specification carbon fiber front splitter the car also has 18-inch forged Forgeline one-piece alloy wheels with racing slicks. The total weight of the car is .
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The Q-code 351 "Cobra-Jet" (also called 351-CJ, 351-4V) was produced from May 1971 through the 1974 model year. It was a lower-compression design that included open-chamber 4V heads. The open-chamber heads exhibited superior emissions characteristics and were required to meet the more stringent emissions standards for 1972 and beyond. The "351 CJ" high-performance engine included a different intake manifold, high-lift, long-duration camshaft with hydraulic valve lifters, different valve springs and dampers, a 750-CFM spread-bore 4300-D Motorcraft carburetor, dual-point distributor (with four-speed manual transmissions only), and four-bolt main bearing caps.
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Released as the road version for Japanese market of the Type 380RS-Competition race car, the Type 380RS includes a detuned version of the 380RS-C race engine, rated at 257 kW (350 PS/348 hp) at 7200 rpm and 397 N·m (40.5 kgf·m/293 lbf·ft) of torque at 4,800 rpm. Brembo disc brakes are fitted, as are Bridgestone Potenza RE-01R tires (245/40R18 in front, 275/35R19 in the rear), Front and rear dampers from Yamaha and forged RAYS alloy wheels. NISMO Type 380RS is priced 5.397 million (5.14 million+tax) yen ($38695 USD). Only 300 units were produced from 2007 through to 2008.
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Compared to the new Mercedes-Benz system, Citroën's was belt-driven, exactly like a conventional power steering pump; failure of the Citroën system thus might result in loss of suspension. The 6.9 was shipped with hard rubber emergency dampers that served as temporary springs and allowed the car to be driven in the event of a hydraulic failure. The special hydraulic fluid required by the system was stored in a tank inside the engine compartment. Ride height could be altered by a dash-mounted push-pull knob under the speedometer that raised the car an additional two inches (50 mm) for increased ground clearance.
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Unlike the original, the car retains the mid-engine layout. A trim piece running from the front of the car to the rear spoiler recalls the dorsal fin present on the Type 57 SC. The car features a floating windscreen and has masked A-pillars. The La Voiture Noire will be powered by the same 8.0-litre quad-turbocharged W-16 engine from the Chiron having the same power output figures but the 7-speed dual-clutch gearbox and the all-wheel-drive system are heavily revised in order to allow for a more relaxed driving experience. Softer dampers and a revised chassis contribute to the factor.
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To prevent the instrument vibration on surrounding areas during experiments, the shaking table has a vibration isolation system, including 80 dampers, 96 airbags and air springs, and a reaction mass (16m x 16m x 7.6m, weighing about four thousand tons.) Under the table are twelve actuators, which produce the shaking movement in six degrees of freedom. There are four actuators for each axis, and the hydraulic power is provided by two electrical pumps and three diesel pumps. The weight of the shaky table and the model is balanced by four static supports. By doing these experiments, engineers can understand a structure's response to an earthquake.
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The prescribed operational requirements were the carriage of mail, freight and passengers (in order of priority) between Bathurst in South Africa and Cairo in Egypt, complementing BOAC's flying boat operations between England and Bathurst. The order was quickly met by converting existing B.Mk.I Warwicks, by removing the military equipment, fairing over gun turrets, along with the installation of cabin windows, a freight floor, long-range fuel tanks and exhaust stack flame dampers (for night flights). The Warwick used Barnes Wallis' geodetic airframe construction pioneered in the Wellesley and Wellington. In this system, a network of intersecting structural members made from duralumin were covered by wired-on fabric.
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A device similar to the sustain pedal in effect was invented by the piano pioneer Gottfried Silbermann; it was operated by the player's hands rather than a pedal. A later eminent early builder, Johann Andreas Stein, may have been the first to allow the player to lift the dampers while still playing; his device was controlled by a knee lever. Until the onset of the Romantic era in music, the sustain pedal was considered a special effect, used only in particular circumstances. Only with the Romantics did a fairly constant use of the pedal come to be regarded as an essential element of piano sound.
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The rear was even more radical with vertical coil spring/dampers replacing the leaf springs and two trailing arms with a A- bracket (which connected to the differential housing and brackets near the trailing arm pivots) sorting out axle location. To support this set-up, further braces were put behind the rear seat and from the rear wheelarch down to chassis in the boot. The stiffening braces meant that the spare wheel had to be moved from the standard Cortina's wheel well and was bolted to the left side of the boot floor. The battery was also relocated to the boot, behind the right wheelarch.
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It was also thought that the sophisticated suspension would not stand up to the daily rigours to which freight vehicles were subjected. However in the early 1970s these experiments resulted in ten covered air- braked vans (COV-AB) being fitted with Taperlite suspension consisting of a long double leaf spring and having hydraulic dampers inclined at 45 degrees to effect both vertical and lateral movement. On test these vehicles were capable of 90 mile/h (MPH) but in service were limited to 75 mile/h due to their running with other UIC long-link suspension vans. Ultimately they were converted to standard after a few years, except two examples.
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The system replaces the separate springs and dampers of a conventional suspension system with integrated, space efficient, fluid filled displacer units which are interconnected between the front and rear wheels on each side of the vehicle. Each displacer unit contains a rubber spring, and damping is achieved by the displaced fluid passing through rubber valves. The displaced fluid passes to the displacer of the paired wheel, thus providing a dynamic interaction between front and rear wheels. When a front wheel encounters a bump fluid is transferred to the corresponding rear displacer then lowers the rear wheel, hence lifting the rear, minimising pitch associated with the bump.
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VAMTOX units have a system of valves and dampers that direct the air flow across one or more ceramic filled bed(s). On start-up, the system preheats by raising the temperature of the heat exchanging ceramic material in the bed(s) at or above the auto-oxidation temperature of methane , at which time the preheating system is turned off and mine exhaust air is introduced. Then the methane-filled air reaches the preheated bed(s), releasing the heat from combustion. This heat is then transferred back to the bed(s), thereby maintaining the temperature at or above what is necessary to support auto-thermal operation.
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To arm and service the cannon the bomb bay doors were replaced by manually operated bay doors: the F and NF Mk IIs could not carry bombs. The type was also fitted with a gun camera in a compartment above the machine guns in the nose and was fitted with exhaust flame dampers to reduce the glare from the Merlin XXs.Bowman 2005, p. 13. In the summer of 1942, Britain experienced day-time incursions of the high-altitude reconnaissance bomber, the Junkers Ju 86P.Birtles 2017, ch. 6. Although the Ju 86P only carried a light bomb load, it overflew sensitive areas, including Bristol, Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire.
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One lane at a time needed to be closed and replaced, so as to minimize traffic disruptions. During the deck replacement, five lanes were kept open at all times using a movable barrier, with three Bronx-bound lanes during the morning rush hour and three Queens-bound lanes during the evening rush. Other renovations included adding mass dampers to stabilize the bridge deck; repainting the two towers and the bridge deck; and installing variable-message signs. The deck replacement was completed by 2007. However, cracks were soon observed in some of the new panels, and by 2014, cracks had been observed in 66 of 408 panels, necessitating approximately of rib welds.
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The autoharp is a musical instrument in the chorded zither family. It features a series of chord bars attached to dampers, which, when pressed, mute all of the strings other than those that form the desired chord. Although the word autoharp was once a trademark of the Oscar Schmidt company, the term has colloquially come to be used for any hand-held, chorded zither, regardless of manufacturer. terminology on the "Chorded zither" (referred Autoharp without trademark infringement with Oscar Schmidt International), "Guitar-Zither" (patented by Fred Menzenhauer in 1894), and "Chord zither" (referred Guitar-Zither, appeared in The Oxford Companion to Musical Instruments, and The New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments).
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The primary air input to a ball tube mill performs a dual function. It is used for drying and as the fuel transport medium, and by regulating it the mill output is regulated. Governed by the pulverized fuel outlet temperature requirement, the cold air and hot air dampers are regulated to achieve the correct primary air temperature. In addition to raising the coal temperature inside the mill for drying and better grinding, the same air works as the transport medium to move the pulverized coal out of the mill: it travels through the annular space between the fixed trunnion tubes and the rotating hot air tube onwards to the classifier.
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The standard suspension set-up is fixed-setting steel dampers, with the Skyhook adaptive suspension available as an option along with a new exhaust system, and upgraded Brembo brakes. The seats were also offered with various leather and Alcantara trim options. The upgrades were made to make the car more powerful and more appealing to the buyers while increasing performance, with acceleration from happening in 4.9 seconds and a maximum speed of . Aside from the power upgrades, the car featured new side skirts, unique 20-inch wheels unavailable on the standard car, a small boot lip spoiler, and black headlight clusters in place of the original silver.
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The chassis is made of stamped and boxed steel sections, and is complemented by two aluminium subframes: one at the front supporting the engine and providing suspension attaching points, and a tubular one at the rear supporting both suspension and differential (or the entire transmission in transaxle cars). Structural body panels are steel, the bonnet is aluminium and the boot lid is a single sheet moulding compound piece. The suspension system consists of unequal length control arms with forged aluminium arms and cast aluminium uprights, coil springs and anti-roll bars on both axles. Dampers are either fixed-rate and set up for handling or "Skyhook" adaptive.
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Almost instantly, the servo-regulated suspension generates counter forces to body lean, dive, and squat during driving maneuvers. Williams Grand Prix Engineering prepared an active suspension for F1 cars in 1992, creating such successful cars that the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile decided to ban the technology. Computer Active Technology Suspension (CATS) co-ordinates the best possible balance between ride quality and handling by analysing road conditions and making up to 3,000 adjustments every second to the suspension settings via electronically controlled dampers. The 1999 Mercedes-Benz CL-Class (C215) introduced Active Body Control, where high pressure hydraulic servos are controlled by electronic computing, and this feature is still available.
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The main difference with the Gilera 500 4C was the shaft drive of the MV. at the front was a chrome- molybdenum Girder fork and in the back was a double swinging arm with torsion springs and friction dampers. The engine block was also not exactly the same as that of the Gilera: with the MV Agusta the cylinder heads could be removed whereas on the Gilera they were cast in one piece with the cylinder block. On 1 May 1950, engineer Arturo Magni also came to MV Agusta and became responsible for the further development of the racing engine. Magni had previously worked with Remor at Gilera.
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Engine development did not focus on peak power output but towards producing a very wide powerband (or power curve). Typically, power output in excess of 300 hp was available from 3000 rpm to the 7500 rpm maximum, with a peak of 330–340 hp at around 5500 rpm. At 2000 rpm (the engine idle speed in "stage" mode) power output was slightly above 200 hp."Subaru Rally Engine – Developing a World Rally Car power plant", page 23-30, Race Engine Technology, issue 005, 2004 By 2004, the best cars had ABS, electronic clutch control, paddle-shift, traction control, three active differentials, ride height control with GPS, electronic dampers and active suspension.
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A standby gas treatment system (SGTS) is part of the secondary containment system. The SGTS system filters and pumps air from secondary containment to the environment and maintains a negative pressure within the secondary containment to limit the release of radioactive material. Each SGTS train generally consists of a mist eliminator/roughing filter; an electric heater; a prefilter; two absolute (HEPA) filters; an activated charcoal filter; an exhaust fan; and associated valves, ductwork, dampers, instrumentation and controls. The signals that trip the SGTS system are plant-specific; however, automatic trips are generally associated with the electric heaters and a high temperature condition in the charcoal filters.
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Due to the tower's location being close to an active fault in a highly seismic region and also subjected to typhoon winds, the St. Francis Shangri-La Place was the first building in the world to feature a revolutionary ‘damping’ system designed by international engineering company Ove Arup & Partners. The new system, which minimizes the standard wobble in high-rise buildings, employs the same technology used to strengthen the Millennium Bridge in London. This makes the St. Francis Shangri-La Place one of the safest buildings. The usual methods employed to strengthen buildings are to reinforce it with significant extra structure or to install tuned mass dampers.
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2012 Audi RS5 Coupé Changes to the RS5 Coupé for 2012 included upgraded dampers and springs on the suspension front, new electric power steering replacing engine-driven hydraulic power steering, exclusive retractable rear spoiler, red cam covers, and a carbon fiber intake manifold, optional piano black trim, twenty-inch graphite-colored wheels, a sport exhaust system with black finishers. RS5 Coupé was unveiled at the 2011 Frankfurt Motor Show, followed by the 2012 Geneva Motor Show. The RS5 Coupé went on sale in the US as the 2013 RS 5 Coupé. The RS5 Coupé went on sale in India, priced at Rs 96.81 lakh.
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The energy dissipated within a medium as sound travels through it is analogous to the energy dissipated in electrical resistors or that dissipated in mechanical dampers for mechanical motion transmission systems. All three are equivalent to the resistive part of a system of resistive and reactive elements. The resistive elements dissipate energy (irreversibly into heat) and the reactive elements store and release energy (reversibly, neglecting small losses). The reactive parts of an acoustic medium are determined by its bulk modulus and its density, analogous to respectively an electrical capacitor and an electrical inductor, and analogous to, respectively, a mechanical spring attached to a mass.
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The Russell Collection, St. Cecilia's Hall (University of Edinburgh) There is a photograph of a copy built by Michael Cole in 1960 now in the Cantos Collection at Michael Cole's website The instrument shows no evidence of alteration (it was quite common for piano buyers to have their instruments altered, for example to extend their compass with extra notes) The mahogany case with boxwood cross-banding encloses a wooden frame and soundboard with paper rose. Trichord throughout (there are three strings to each note) Compass is five octaves (FF-f3). Two pedals – una corda and damper lift. There is a three-legged trestle stand with pedal mechanism for lifting the dampers.
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The gearbox was also from an F1 car: a Leyton House-March Engineering 6-speed sequential manual transmission modified for endurance racing. This transmission would prove to be problematic throughout the car's lifetime. The J2X-C used double wishbone suspension, with push-rod actuated coil springs over dampers at both ends of the car; the front suspension was mounted on the carbon-fibre monocoque, whilst the rear suspension was mounted to a carbon-fibre sub-structure that had been designed to allow quick transmission replacement. The car's radical bodywork generated a high amount of downforce; it was calculated to give approximately of downforce at , and at .
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The A410 had a carbon fibre monocoque chassis, with double wishbone suspension, with push-rod actuated coil springs and dampers at both ends of the car. The naturally-aspirated Judd GV4 engine produced around at 10,250 rpm, whilst it made of torque at 8,500 rpm. Although the power output was similar to that of the most successful LMP900 car, the Audi R8, the naturally aspirated engine produced far less torque than the 3.6-litre, twin-turbocharged V8 engine in the R8; around less. The A410 used a 6-speed sequential gearbox, driving the rear wheels, and featured carbon fibre disc brakes, as was standard within the class.
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The bridge experiences occasional brief closures during very severe weather, such as the St. Jude storm of October 2013. Due to high longitudinal and transverse loads acting over the bridge and to accommodate movements between the superstructure and substructure, it has bearings weighing up to 20 t each, capable of bearing vertical loads up to in a longitudinal direction and up to in transverse direction. The design, manufacturing and installation of the bearings were carried out by the Swiss civil engineering firm Mageba. Vibration issues, caused by several cables in the bridge moving under certain wind and temperature conditions, were combatted with the installation of compression spring dampers installed in pairs at the centre of the cables.
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The other major factor controlling the cornering speed of the cars is the design of the tyres. From to , the tyres in Formula One were not "slicks" (tyres with no tread pattern) as in most other circuit racing series. Instead, each tyre had four large circumferential grooves on its surface designed to limit the cornering speed of the cars. Slick tyres returned to Formula One in the season. Suspension is double wishbone or multilink front and rear, with pushrod operated springs and dampers on the chassis – one exception being that of the 2009 specification Red Bull Racing car (RB5) which used pullrod suspension at the rear, the first car to do so since the Minardi PS01 in 2001.
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The XJR, introduced in 1988, was a high-performance model that was finished by the Oxfordshire-based JaguarSport company, a dual venture by Jaguar and race team TWR, at TWRs Kidlington-based factory alongside the XJ220. Based upon a Sovereign model, it was fitted with uprated suspension with unique Bilstein dampers, a revised power steering valve to increase the steering weight by 40% and special exterior paint and exterior styling touches. Early examples were fitted with a 3.6 L AJ6 engine in standard tune but later models had a TWR tuned version of the 4.0 AJ6, with new inlet manifolds, uprated cams and a tweaked ECU. Some examples are also fitted with a larger bore JaguarSport exhaust system.
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In an effort to improve ride quality, the Railways converted 742 Z from a four- wheeled van to a bogie guards van. It featured cast bogies with outside spring dampers, and entered service as 742 ZZ. It was theorised that the extra springs between axles and bogie, as well as between bogie and frame, would help to reduce vertical forces experienced due to less than ideal track geometry, though it is not clear how the fitting of bogies would have helped with coupler slack problems. The van ran on experimental trains from December 1958. Departmental officers rode other trains as well to gauge the difference in riding qualities across different van types.
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According to The Scotsman newspaper, the use of aerosol cans is against school policy. The report from the Scottish Fire and Rescue Service found that the design of the building contributed greatly to the spread of the fire: "the number of timber lined walls and voids, and original ventilation ducts running both vertically and horizontally throughout the building" as well as "a vertical service void", which "ran the entire height of the building … [and] allowed flames, hot gases, and smoke to travel". Fire and smoke dampers, which are intended to prevent the spread of fire and smoke through ducts, had not been retrofitted. In addition, an intended fire suppression system for the building had not been completed.
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Jacobs bogie of a KTX-I train. The two trailers rest on the large air spring of the secondary suspension (partially covered by the mud flaps), below it the inter- trailer and the bogie-trailer yaw dampers. Like all TGV variants, the KTX-I is a permanently coupled trainset that consists of two traction heads, that is powered end cars carrying no passengers, flanking a fixed set of passenger cars or trailers that are articulated with Jacobs bogies between them. Though the KTX-I is based on the TGV Réseau, it has 18 instead of 8 passenger cars, making them the longest member of the TGV family with a monobloc configuration, that is a single set of articulated cars.
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Helical torque-sensing differentials such as the Torsen or Quaife (available on cars in certain stock trims such as the S15, FD3S, MX-5, JZA80, and UZZ3x) are also adequate. It is common for drifters to change the final gear ratio depending on the type of track layout. The clutches on drift cars tend to be very tough ceramic-brass button or multiple-plate varieties for durability, as well as to allow rapid "clutch kick" techniques to upset the grip of the rear wheels. Gearbox and engine mounts are often replaced with urethane or aluminum mounts, and dampers are added to control the violent motion of the engine and gearbox under these conditions.
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Peter Collins from Kidderminster, later drove for HWM, BRM and Vanwall, then for Ferrari. Dellow styling was created by Lionel Evans at his Radpanels coachbuilding business in Kidderminster. The car evolved through several variants known as Mk I to Mk V. Early cars had the Ford beam front axle with a transverse leaf spring and short Panhard rod, quarter elliptics at the rear and Andre Hartford friction dampers all round. The Ford torque-tube was suitably shortened and the vast majority of cars used the 3-speed Ford gearbox but a very small number of cars (KOX 300 being an example) were produced to customer order with a 4-speed gearbox, from the 10M series Morris.
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The motors differed from the class 312 in that the gear ratio is lower which accounts for the maximum speed of 75 mph compared to 90 mph on the Class 312. The B4 bogies on the Class 310 are fitted with friction primary dampers whereas on the 312 they are hydraulic. The main fleet of Class 310/0 units was replaced on the Euston commuter routes with Class 317/1 units which began to enter service on the route in late 1987, however the Class 317 units were then superseded by the new build of Class 321/4 within about 2 years. Most Class 310 units that survived into the 21st century were withdrawn between 2001 and 2002.
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It has been conjectured that the improvement in Silbermann's instruments resulted from his having seen an actual Cristofori piano, rather than merely reading Scipione Maffei's article. The piano action Maffei described does not match that found in surviving Cristofori instruments, suggesting that Maffei either erred in his diagram (he admitted having made it from memory) or that Cristofori improved his action during the period following Maffei's article. Silbermann is credited with the invention of the forerunner of the sustain pedal, which removes the dampers from all the strings at once, permitting them to vibrate freely. Silbermann's device was in fact only a hand stop, and thus could be changed only at a pause in the music.
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The Ital was the last production car to wear the Morris badge, although there was a Morris badged van version of the Metro produced until 1984. Production of the Ital was switched from Cowley to Longbridge in September 1982 to allow the Cowley plant to be upgraded for production of the forthcoming Austin Montego and Austin Maestro. At this time, the Ital received an upgrade with different front and rear suspension (parabolic rear springs and telescopic front dampers) and models were redesignated SL and SLX. The saloon was dropped from the line in February 1984 with the van and estate completing outgoing contracts for another six months, until they too were axed.
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In 2000, Courage Compétition introduced the C60 as a clean-sheet replacement for the Courage C52. Like its predecessor, the C60 was designed by Paolo Catone, and was the first all-new car since the Courage C41 was introduced. The C60 used a carbon fibre and aluminium honeycomb monocoque chassis, whilst its suspension consisted of double wishbones, pushrods and horizontally-located dynamic dampers. SMG Compétition were the first team to run the car, and their C60 was fitted with a 4-litre naturally-aspirated Judd GV4 V10 engine, In 2001, Pescarolo Sport began using the C60 and their C60s used a Sodemo-developed 3.2-litre twin-turbocharged Peugeot A32 V6 engine, capable of a claimed power output of .
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The car had a weight distribution of 42% at the front and 58% at the rear because of the mid-mounted engine. The 17-inch OZ racing alloy wheels wrapped in tyres measuring 235/45 ZR17 at the front and 335/35 ZR17 at the rear provided optimum grip. The race-style independent suspension consisted of adjustable anti-roll bars at the rear, inverted wishbones, parallel radius rods, anti-roll bars; rising-rate coil springs and adjustable Spax gas telescopic dampers at the front and the rear respectively. The brakes were made by AP racing with vented discs front and aft along with four piston callipers at the front and rear and had servo-motor assistance.
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Utilising the same fully independent four-link front suspension, and double wishbone rear, as its related A6 and S6, the RS 6 was lowered by , with a 30% stiffer spring rate, and 40% increased compression damping. The RS6 also served as the debut model for Audi's "Dynamic Ride Control" (DRC) system. The DRC system is mainly mechanical, and uses a pump to provide additional pressure to individual dampers (shock absorbers) during cornering, acceleration or braking; to counteract rolling and pitching. The system can adjust the stiffness at each individual damper constantly; to maintain both a comfortable ride on straight roads, and a high level of poise and grip when cornering hard, accelerating, or braking.
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These were generally called viola d'amore; another historical example is the baryton, for which Haydn wrote many trios. Other instruments such as the harp, lute, guitar, harpsichord and piano do not have additional strings, but make use of the effect by allowing their playing strings to vibrate sympathetically when they are not being played directly. In keyboard instruments like the piano, the string dampers can be raised to produce this effect. The guitar is normally unable to produce effective sympathetic string resonance for tones other than E (resonance from the 6th and 5th strings, tuned to E and A, respectively), B (from the 6th string), D (from the 4th string), and A (from the 5th and 4th strings).
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In response to the detailed design submission that Fairey had produced for their proposal, the Ministry decided to award the firm a contract to produce a total of four development aircraft for demonstration and flight testing purposes; the company later decided to construct a further two more rotorcraft as a private venture. Meanwhile, a solution for the Skeeter's troublesome resonance issue had been developed, which involved the adoption of a redesigned undercarriage and the fitting of revised blade friction dampers on the rotor head. These improvements allowed Saunders-Roe to finally demonstrate that the ground resonance problems had been fixed when the Skeeter Mark 5 underwent testing by the A&AEE; in March 1954.Flight 1956, p. 355.
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Mass balance protruding from an aileron used to suppress flutter In the period 1950–1970, AGARD developed the Manual on Aeroelasticity which details the processes used in solving and verifying aeroelastic problems along with standard examples that can be used to test numerical solutions. Aeroelasticity involves not just the external aerodynamic loads and the way they change but also the structural, damping and mass characteristics of the aircraft. Prediction involves making a mathematical model of the aircraft as a series of masses connected by springs and dampers which are tuned to represent the dynamic characteristics of the aircraft structure. The model also includes details of applied aerodynamic forces and how they vary.
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Other mechanical changes were made to the suspension system, where the Sport GT S single-rate dampers took place of the Skyhook system, ride height was further lowered and stiffer springs were adopted. The exterior was distinguished by a specific front grille with concave vertical bars, black headlight bezels, red accents on the Trident badges, the absence of chrome window trim, body colour door handles and black double oval exhaust pipes instead of the quad round exhaust pipes found on other Quattroporte models. On the interior, the veneer trim was replaced by "Titan Tex" composite material and the cabin was upholstered in mixed Alcantara and leather. The Quattroporte Centurion Edition was presented in March 2009 for the UK market.
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The car is powered by a 3.7-litre Duratec 37 V6 engine also powering the JS P4 generating a maximum power output of coupled with a 6-speed sequential manual transmission with paddle shifters mounted on the steering column. The car utilises a Brembo braking system with 4 piston calipers front and aft with front brake discs and rear brake discs, double wishbone suspension with actuated push-rods at the rear along adjustable anti-rollbars and dampers and a driver focused interior designed to accommodate tall drivers with a heated windscreen as standard equipment. The JS2 R is designed to have low running costs and easy maintenance. The car can be homologated for FIA Group E category.
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The McLaren MP4-12C utilized a unique hydraulic configuration to suspend the vehicle as opposed to more traditional coil springs, dampers and anti-roll bars. What McLaren has called "ProActive Chassis Control," the system consists of an array of high and low pressure valves interconnected from both left to right and front to back, and the typical anti-roll bars were omitted entirely. When high pressure meets high pressure under roll conditions, stiffness results; and subsequently when high pressure meets low under heave and warp, more give is allowed, ultimately providing a firmer, competent suspension setup in spirited driving, and a very plush, compliant and comfortable ride when moving at slower, constant speeds.
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The aim for fire protection systems is typically demonstrated in fire testing the ability to maintain the item or the side to be protected at or below either 140 °C (for walls, floors and electrical circuits required to have a fire-resistance rating) or ca. 550 °C, which is considered the critical temperature for structural steel, above which it is in jeopardy of losing its strength, leading to collapse. This is based, in most countries, on the basic test standards for walls and floors, such as BS 476: Part 22: 1987, BS EN 1364-1: 1999 & BS EN 1364-2: 1999 or ASTM E119. Smaller components, such as fire dampers, fire doors, etc.
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The first C41 was built in October 1994, and it was fitted with a Comptech-developed 5-litre Chevrolet V8 engine, which, in 1995 24 Hours of Le Mans trim, was claimed to produce around . The power was transmitted to the rear wheels via a 5-speed Intermotion SDC gearbox, whilst Brembo brakes were used to slow the BBS wheels. KONI developed the suspension, which consisted of double wishbones made out of fabricated steel, and pushrod-operated dampers with coil springs. The Chevrolet engine remained the primary engine for the 1995 and the start of the 1996 IMSA GT Championship seasons, but by the middle of 1996, different engines began to be fitted.
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New options include a 10.5-inch head-up display (HUD), adaptive dampers, open-pore wood, 17-speaker audio system with four ceiling mounted speakers, and as introduced on the 3rd-gen RDX, 16-way power full grain leather front seats with 4-way lumbar adjustments. 287x287px 287x287px To improve passenger safety in frontal oblique collisions a front passenger 3-chamber airbag developed with Autoliv is standard and the ACE structure has been upgraded to disperse crash forces more effectively in frontal oblique impacts. Two tunnel caps made from 780-MPa steel originate from the 1500-MPa lower dash ending behind the front seats to assist in directing crash loads away from the lower foot compartment.
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Lotus was subcontracted by Isuzu to fine-tune the suspension of the Impulse, through selection of stiffer dampers, larger sway bars, and softer springs. All of the second generation Impulses had the Lotus-tuned suspension. A non-Lotus innovation in the Impulse was the development of the Nishiboric passive rear- wheel steering system which adjusted the toe of the rear wheels by changing the rear wheel alignment through the range of suspension travel. The combination of the burst of the Japanese economic bubble, rising emissions and crash safety requirements, and continued restrictive market segment changes by General Motors forced Isuzu out of the car making market and brought an end to the Impulse.
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Like its predecessor's, the car's best result in a WRC event remained a fourth place. The Accent WRC3, featuring new dampers and engine internals among other changes, debuted at the 2002 Tour de Corse. The car, though, in such capable hands across its lifespan as the four-time world champion Juha Kankkunen, ex-Subaru rally-winning and former Group A champion Kenneth Eriksson and former British Rally Champion Alister McRae, albeit the former two in the twilight of their careers, was reasonably competitive at times and showed some promise. Belgian Freddy Loix and 1991 Rally Catalunya winner Armin Schwarz were among the other drivers so long synonymous with life in the works-fettled Accents.
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The properties of smart fluids have been known for around sixty years, but were subject to only sporadic investigations up until the 1990s, when they were suddenly the subject of renewed interest, notably culminating with the use of an MR fluid on the suspension of the 2002 model of the Cadillac Seville STS automobile and more recently, on the suspension of the second-generation Audi TT. Other applications include brakes and seismic dampers, which are used in buildings in seismically-active zones to damp the oscillations occurring in an earthquake. Since then it appears that interest has waned a little, possibly due to the existence of various limitations of smart fluids which have yet to be overcome.
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Teams altered their cars to run at medium to high levels of downforce and the dampers, springs and suspensions were optimised to adapt to the bumpy track surface. Formula One's control tyre supplier Bridgestone brought the soft and the medium dry compound tyres to the race. After winning the preceding Australian Grand Prix—the first of the 17 World Championship races—Ferrari driver Michael Schumacher led the Drivers' Championship with ten points; his teammate Rubens Barrichello was in second with six points, and Ralf Schumacher of the Williams team had four points. British American Racing's (BAR) Jacques Villeneuve was fourth with three points and Benetton driver Giancarlo Fisichella was fifth with two points.
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These used a belt coiled inside a device such that it freely wound in under the action of a coiled spring, but met friction when drawn out. Gabriel Snubbers were fitted to an 11.9HP Arrol-Johnston car which broke the 6 hour Class B record at Brooklands in late 1912, and the Automotor journal noted that this snubber might have a great future for racing due to its light weight and easy fitment."Some accessories to see at Olympia", The Automotor Journal, Nov 2nd , 1912, p1284 One of the earliest hydraulic dampers to go into production was the Telesco Shock Absorber, exhibited at the 1912 Olympia Motor Show and marketed by Polyrhoe Carburettors Ltd.
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"Hookup man" ensures that aircraft launchbar (left) and holdback fitting (right) are properly seated in the catapult. ABEs operate and perform maintenance on steam catapults, barricades, arresting gear, and associated equipment ashore and afloat; operate catapult hydraulic systems, retraction engines, water brakes, jet blast deflectors, deckedge and Integrated Catapult Control Stations (ICCS), and jet blast deflector control panels; arresting gear engines, sheave dampers, deckedge control station, and associated equipment; perform aircraft handling duties related to the operation of aircraft launching and recovery equipment. Most of the work in this rating is performed outdoors on the deck of aircraft carriers, in all climatic conditions, in fast-paced and often potentially hazardous environments. ABEs work closely with others in aviation ratings.
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As such, the chassis should more properly be considered a subframe - it is readily changeable and most Elans on the road today have had a new chassis fitted at some point, either due to accident or decay. The engine & gearbox are located between the front fork arms and the differential between the rear fork arms. The front & rear suspensions attach to the ends of their respective arms (turrets at the end of the arms hold the suspension springs & dampers). Pre-restoration engine showing Ford bottom end and Lotus head, timing chest, cam cover This design resulted in light weight, high rigidity (by contemporary standards), and easy driver/passenger access through wide door openings with low sills.
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Tuned mass damper in Taipei 101, the world's third tallest skyscraper Typically the tuned mass dampers are huge concrete blocks mounted in skyscrapers or other structures and move in opposition to the resonance frequency oscillations of the structures by means of some sort of spring mechanism. The Taipei 101 skyscraper needs to withstand typhoon winds and earthquake tremors common in this area of Asia/Pacific. For this purpose, a steel pendulum weighing 660 metric tonnes that serves as a tuned mass damper was designed and installed atop the structure. Suspended from the 92nd to the 88th floor, the pendulum sways to decrease resonant amplifications of lateral displacements in the building caused by earthquakes and strong gusts.
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The suspension was tuned by SVT with unique spring rates, dampers, stabilizer bars, and strut tower brace and was sourced from Ford Racing. Unique Goodyear Eagle F1 Supercar tires were developed for the KR with a unique compound. With the same tread pattern as the Eagle F1 Supercar tire on the 2007–2009 GT500 they can only be identified by a unique Goodyear "Wingedfoot" emblem on the sidewall. The 2008–09 GT500KR draws on styling cues from the classic 1968 "King of the Road" GT500KR model, and the 2008 model includes "40th Anniversary" badging; both years will have availability of standard GT500 colors with "LeMans" stripes, and Carroll Shelby signature embroidered seats.
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The gearbox was then attached behind the engine, and the rear suspension – consisting of lateral top links, twin radius arms and reversed wishbones– attached to the gearbox and the rear bulkhead. The front suspension – upper and lower lateral links and radius arms – and the steering column were attached to the two bulkheads in front of the driver. Coilover springs and Koni dampers mounted outside of the body were employed front and rear. A M7A on display in the Donington Collection The outer bodywork was mostly formed by the monocoque, except for the nose and cockpit which were covered by glass-reinforced plastic (GRP) panels; the engine sometimes also had a GRP cover.
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The effective length is calculated from the actual length of the member considering the rotational and relative translational boundary conditions at the ends. Slenderness captures the influence on buckling of all the geometric aspects of the column, namely its length, area, and second moment of area. The influence of the material is represented separately by the material's modulus of elasticity E. Structural engineers generally consider a skyscraper as slender if the height:width ratio exceeds 10:1 or 12:1. Slim towers require the adoption of specific measures to counter the high strengths of the wind in the vertical cantilever, like including additional structures to endow greater rigidity to the building or diverse types of tuned mass dampers to avoid unwanted swinging.
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The cars were built on behalf of Ford by another company well known for its expertise in producing fibreglass bodies - Reliant. To aid weight distribution, designers mounted the transmission at the front of the car, which required that power from the mid-mounted engine go first up to the front wheels and then be run back again to the rear, creating a complex drive train setup. The chassis was designed by former Formula One designer Tony Southgate, and Ford's John Wheeler, a former F1 engineer, aided in early development. A double wishbone suspension setup with twin dampers on all four wheels aided handling and helped give the car what was often regarded as being the best balanced platform of any of the RS200's contemporary competitors.
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The only modifications to the GPU pantograph were an increase in the stiffness of the pneumatic dampers, and a reduced total aerodynamic lift of the structure. The suspension on the trailers was jacked up by 20 mm (1 in) by overinflating the secondary suspension air bladders and inserting shims, to provide additional suspension travel and to make up for the larger wheels on the power cars. The brakes on the trailers were tuned to allow a heat dissipation of 24 MJ per disk instead of the usual 18 MJ, with a total of 20 discs. Many of the modifications listed above, including the synchronous traction motors, were tested at speeds over 400 km/h on TGV Sud- Est trainset 88.
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The WRX is equipped with multi-phase valve struts to improve ride quality while retaining good handling. The tachometer was moved to center, and the speedometer was moved to the right. In 2004, Subaru of America announced it would sell the WRX STi. Subaru Tecnica International's president said in an interview with Road & Track magazine that he wished to beat the Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution in the US. Thus, each iteration of the US-spec WRX STi is essentially the same as the respective J-spec STi Spec C. All part numbers matched up, including the part-numbers for the glass windows and dampers. However, instead of the EJ207, the United States receives the first EJ257, a 2.5-liter version of the EJ207.
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The main modification that separated the R3 from the GTi was its double stitch welded chassis, which meant the car was welded twice for increased structural rigidity, aided by the inclusion of front and rear suspension strut braces. The R3 was also stripped of its sound-deadening material and driver's airbag, which helped bring the weight down to just 995 kg. Suspension improvements included uprated springs and dampers, thicker anti-roll bars and lower ride height. The brakes were also modified to have Anti-lock braking system removed as well as the original ventilated front discs and solid rear discs and replaced by cross-drilled and slotted DBA (Disc Brake Australia) discs all round. M1144 series brake pads were supplied by Mintex Racing.
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At the same time the control and ballast systems were brought up to a new standard shared with the LS7: fully automatic control hook-ups, a mass- balanced flaperon drive system (previous versions having anti-flutter dampers), airbrake locks relocated in the wings, a trigger-activated trim system in place of the trim wheel, a new ballast system that did away with plumbing inside the fuselage and Mylar seals for all control surfaces. ;LS6-c18:reduction in ballast capacity to 100 litres to accommodate the 18 metre wing extensions with winglets and an increase in maximum speed up to 280 km/h. ;LS6-18w:further convergence with the LS8: winglets for the 15 metre span and stronger spars allowing an increase in ballast capacity to 140 litres.
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29 Further problems regarding the firebox of the locomotive were only discovered during restoration, including a poorly dimensioned ashpan and dampers that were again too small, strangling the fire of air when operating at speed.'British Railways standard 3 cylinder 4-6-2 express passenger steam locomotive No. 71000' (HMSO, British Transport Commission), p. [58] Further, British Railways "Modernization Plan" was already under development concurrent with the construction of 71000 raising other questions. Following experience of occasional cracks appearing near the spring brackets of the Britannias and Clans, a substantial rearrangement took place in this area that resulted in the locomotive riding on three cast steel "sub-frames" carrying the ten front- most spring brackets and lengthened spring brackets behind the rear driven axle.
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The 1970 Parallel Time storyline of the Gothic soap opera Dark Shadows was heavily inspired by Rebecca including the costume ball scene. The second Dark Shadows motion picture Night of Dark Shadows also took inspiration from the novel. The film was parodied on The Carol Burnett Show in a 1972 skit called "Rebecky", with Carol Burnett as the heroine, Daphne; Harvey Korman as Max "de Wintry" and in the guise of Mother Marcus as Rebecky de Wintry; and Vicki Lawrence as Mrs Dampers The plots of certain Latin- American soap operas have also been inspired by the novel, such as Manuela (Argentina), Infierno en el paraíso (Mexico), the Venezuelan telenovela Julia and its remake El Fantasma de Elena on Telemundo.
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His fundamental contributions to aerodynamics and aeroelasticity has led to advances in the analysis, design and performance assessment of tall buildings and long span bridges. He has conducted from wind tunnel modeling to stochastic and CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) based simulations and finally to the full-scale monitoring of some of the signature buildings around the world including more recently Burj Khalifa. It utilizes a novel “SmartSync” system featuring “Internet-of-Things” (IoT) concept with built in layers of intelligence for data management and analysis. He has advanced models for damping in tall buildings and motion mitigation devices like tuned liquid dampers from design, prototype testing to post installation monitoring in buildings in the US and in the Pacific-rim.
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A variety of session modes and session settings are available for offline and online play. Offline campaign, special events, custom championships, hotlap, quick race, drift, drag and race weekend sessions can be played alone or against AI. A server manager tool allows to create servers for online sessions, LAN sessions are also supported. When joining an offline/online session players can adjust their car through a setup interface. Depending on the car this includes gear ratios, tyre compounds, tyre pressures, fuel, suspension settings like anti-roll bars, wheel rates, ride height, packer rates, travel range, damper settings like bump stops and rebounds, heave dampers, alignment setting, drivetrain settings for differential lock and preload, hybrid settings, adjustments to the wings, brake bias, brake power, engine limiter, etc.
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Mild exterior and interior changes were made to the appearance of the vehicle (including a larger rear spoiler and fixed headlights without pop up covers). The 2.0 L non-turbo engine was replaced with a 2.3 L SOHC I4 engine, rated at , 127 lb·ft The 2.3 L engine was offered only in the US market, because the larger engine would have obligated Japanese consumers to pay more annual road tax, thereby affecting sales, as well as the larger engine conflicted with Japanese government regulations concerning maximum displacement for cars classified as "compact". All Impulses received a Lotus-tuned suspension beginning in the 1988 model year, which consisted of redesigned sway bars, stiffer dampers, and a change in previous spring rates.
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The floors were connected to the perimeter spandrel plates with viscoelastic dampers, which helped reduce the amount of sway felt by building occupants. The towers also incorporated a "hat truss" or "outrigger truss" located between the 107th and 110th floors, which consisted of six trusses along the long axis of core and four along the short axis. This truss system allowed optimized load redistribution of floor diaphragms between the perimeter and core, with improved performance between the different materials of flexible steel and rigid concrete allowing the moment frames to transfer sway into compression on the core, which also mostly supported the transmission tower. These trusses were installed in each building to support future transmission towers but only the north tower was ultimately fitted with one.
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Each used more distinctly ringing, undamped vibrations of sympathetically vibrating strings to add to the tone, except the Blüthner Aliquot stringing, which uses an additional fourth string in the upper two treble sections. While the hitchpins of these separately suspended Aliquot strings are raised slightly above the level of the usual tri-choir strings, they are not struck by the hammers but rather are damped by attachments of the usual dampers. Eager to copy these effects, Theodore Steinway invented duplex scaling, which used short lengths of non-speaking wire bridged by the "aliquot" throughout much of the upper range of the piano, always in locations that caused them to vibrate sympathetically in conformity with their respective overtones—typically in doubled octaves and twelfths.
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It was the first WindSeeker to use the Fast Lane program. The WindSeeker at Canada's Wonderland was originally scheduled to open on May 8, 2011, one week after that of Kings Island. On May 24, 2011, after problems were discovered during testing, Canada's Wonderland announced on their Facebook page that it would open to the public later that day, but it was quickly closed again when further mechanical problems were discovered. From May 24 to mid-June 2011, the ride was intermittently closed because of a variety of problems, most of which have since been resolved. At the beginning of October 2011, the hydraulic dampers used on the Knott's Berry Farm model were added to reduce the amount of swing movement even more.
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Nevertheless, there were still incidents: on June 14, 2011, the swings on Cedar Point's WindSeeker began to sway in different directions, and some seats almost collided with each other. In one reported case, a rider had to extend his leg to stop the seat in front from hitting him. In another, a seat collided with the kneecap of a rider who had closed their eyes. Official explanations suggested that the hydraulic dampers could fail under high winds: apparently, high winds and the imbalance arising when some swings are full and others not could cause the swings to collide. On June 29, 2011, Jennifer Valentyne of Breakfast Television Toronto rode the WindSeeker at Canada's Wonderland for her "Live- Eye" spot on the show.
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New larger 14-inch brakes come standard as well as 19-inch F Sport wheels, a new front bumper, rear spoiler, F Sport steering wheel, F Sport seats and a new suspension system with AVS adjustable dampers. Lexus GS 450h interior with bamboo accents (US) The redesigned interior gains the Lexus Remote Touch mouse controller system in place of the previous touchscreen, linked to a split-view widescreen dashboard display. Save energy + airflow control (S-FLOW): The world's first system that sends air only to where vehicle occupants are seated in order to maintain and improve comfort while also improving fuel efficiency Other interior features include Mark Levinson surround sound system. Front 18-way power seats are available; 10-way power seats are equipped standard.
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2006 Infiniti FX The FX series was updated for the 2006 model year with new options and standard features. The updates included an exterior facelift with new grille, bumper, wheel design and three new exterior colors, and inside a revised center console with new color screen. Many features previously optional were made standard, including the 300-watt Bose audio system, RearView Monitor, 7-inch color display, Advanced Air Bag System (AABS), leather seating surfaces with heated front seats, ten-way power driver's seat with power lumbar support and eight- way power passenger's seat. The FX45 featured additional upgrades, including new 20-inch wheels, leather-appointed seats, a revised sport-tuned four-wheel independent suspension with new dampers, a Bluetooth system, and the Premium Package became standard.
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In hybrid and diesel engine motor vehicles, a pump fitted on the engine (usually on the camshaft) is used to produce vacuum. In petrol engines, instead, vacuum is typically obtained as a side-effect of the operation of the engine and the flow restriction created by the throttle plate, but may be also supplemented by an electrically operated vacuum pump to boost braking assistance or improve fuel consumption. This vacuum may then be used to power the following motor vehicle components: vacuum servo booster for the hydraulic brakes, motors that move dampers in the ventilation system, throttle driver in the cruise control servomechanism, door locks or trunk releases. In an aircraft, the vacuum source is often used to power gyroscopes in the various flight instruments.
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Dulhunty was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia in 2004 for "service to international trade through the design, manufacture and export of equipment for large high voltage electric systems, and to aviation, particularly through the Seaplane Pilots Association of Australia." In 2008, the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) conferred its James N Kurby Award on Dulhunty for "outstanding eminence, distinction, and public recognition". Sir Richard Kingsland described Dulhunty as a "truly Renaissance man, and his contribution to the business and engineering life of post-war Australia ... astonishing." In June 1986, Dulhunty's Dulmison UK Ltd received a Queen's Export Award in recognition of its successful exports of power-line equipment, particularly vibration dampers, from its plant in Corby, Northamptonshire.
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Museum, with Hamon Tower on the right The current building was completed by architects Jacques Herzog, Pierre de Meuron and Fong + Chan and opened on October 15, 2005. Structural, civil and geotechnical engineering was provided by Rutherford & Chekene; Arup provided mechanical and electrical engineering. Herzog & de Meuron won the competition in January 1999 beating out other short-listed architects Tadao Ando and Antoine Predock. The terrain and seismic activity in San Francisco posed a challenge for the designers Herzog & de Meuron and principal architects Fong & Chan. To help withstand future earthquakes, “[the building] can move up to three feet (91 centimeters) due to a system of ball-bearing sliding plates and viscous fluid dampers that absorb kinetic energy and convert it to heat”.
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The left pedal when depressed caused the whole keyboard and action to slide to the right against a return spring mounted inside the case. This caused the hammers to strike only one of the strings in its normal trichord and is now generally known as the "una corda". (In Cristofori's original design and in the Viennese pianos of the 18th Century, the una corda was operated by a knee lever since many pianos, like harpsichords, were not supplied with a dedicated stand and might be mounted on a convenient chest or cupboard). The right hand pedal operated a mechanism that lifted all the dampers away from the strings, Americus's own original idea that was not copied by the Viennese piano makers until much later.
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Heat transfer efficiency is improved when the highest temperatures near the combustion sources are used for boiling and superheating with the cooled combustion gases exhausting from the boiler through an economizer to raise the temperature of feed water entering the steam drum. An indirect contact or direct contact condensing economizer will recover the residual heat from the combustion products. A series of dampers, an efficient control system, as well as a ventilator, allow all or part of the combustion products to pass through the economizer, depending on the demand for make-up water and/or process water. The temperature of the gases can be lowered from the boiling temperature of the fluid to little more than the incoming feed water temperature while preheating that feed water to the boiling temperature.
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The 370Z GT Edition is a version of the 370Z Coupé commemorating Nissan's global success in GT racing and 40 years of the Z in the UK. It is built for the UK market and it includes a choice of 3 body colours, (Pearl White, Kuro (metallic) black and Black Rose), grey 'GT' stripes running along the flanks of the car, 19 inch RAYS forged alloy wheels in dark anthracite colour, retuned dampers to provide the ideal balance between ride comfort and high- speed handling, a rear view parking camera as part of the Premium Connect satellite navigation system, a tyre pressure monitoring system, seven-speed automatic option with snow mode and revised underbody insulation to reduce road noise. The vehicle went on sale starting at £35,000, and deliveries began on 1 June 2011.
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The Mark 3 looks similar to Mark 2D, 2E and 2F coaches, but is of a completely different design. It has a ridged roof and under-frame skirt, compared with a smooth roof and visible below-frame equipment on the Mark 2. The bodyshell is long, almost longer than the Mark 2, of full monocoque construction with an all-welded mild steel stressed skin, and has a reputation for its exceptional strength and crashworthiness. An important advance over its predecessor was the adoption of secondary air suspension between the body and the bogies, giving an exceptionally smooth ride. The bogies, classified BT10 (BT5 on the prototype vehicles), were designed specifically for the Mark 3 and have coil-spring primary suspension with hydraulic dampers, enabling a maximum speed of – the Mark 2 is limited to .
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The 6.9 was the first Mercedes-Benz to be fitted with the hydropneumatic self-levelling suspension system introduced by Citroën in 1954, unlike the 600 and 6.3 which employed air suspensions. Using a combination of fluid-filled struts and nitrogen-filled pressure vessels or "accumulators" in lieu of conventional shock absorbers and springs, the system was pressurized by a hydraulic pump driven by the engine's timing chain. Compared to the new Mercedes-Benz system, Citroën's was belt-driven, exactly like a conventional power steering pump; failure of the Citroën system thus might result in loss of suspension. Conversely, every unit of the 6.9 was shipped with hard rubber emergency dampers that served as temporary springs and allowed the car to be driven in the event of a hydraulic failure.
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Avro Manchester II, showing two exhaust dampers Vulture powered Hawker Tornado prototype, with two rows of ejector exhausts The Vulture had been intended to power the Hawker Tornado interceptor, but with the cancellation of Vulture development, Hawker abandoned the Tornado and concentrated on the Hawker Typhoon, which was powered by the Napier Sabre. Likewise, the same cancellation caused the abandonment of the Vulture-engined version of the Vickers Warwick bomber. The only aircraft type designed for the Vulture to actually go into production was the twin-engined Avro Manchester. When the engine reliability problems became clear, the Avro team persuaded the Air Ministry that switching to a four-Merlin version of the Manchester, which had been in development as a contingency plan, was preferable to retooling Avro's factories to make the Handley Page Halifax.
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Given the seismic activity in Mexico City, the building was equipped with security measures including 40 seismic dampers. It is anchored to the ground with 195 concrete piles which penetrate 60 meters into the old swampy landfill of Mexico City. After the two strongest earthquakes in Mexico City, both the 1957 Guerrero earthquake and the 1985 Mexico earthquake, it is considered one of the safest skyscraper in the world along with Torre Mayor, Torre Ejecutiva Pemex, World Trade Center Mexico City, Torre Latinoamericana (Latin American Tower), HSBC Towe, Edificio Reforma Avantel, St. Regis Hotel & Residences and Torre Insignia. This building, together with the Edificio La Nacional, Edificio Miguel E Abed APYCSA, the Torre Latinoamericana, Tower Contigo and Edificio El Moro, is one of only six buildings that survived five major earthquakes throughout its history.
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The U2 was also equipped with the TSA 2 A weapons sighting system that improved the U2's ability to attack seaborne targets with a BT 700.Mondey 2006, p. 72. ::Fw 190 F-8/U3 — heavy torpedo bomber was outfitted with an ETC 502, which allowed it to carry one BT-1400 heavy torpedo (). Owing to the size of the torpedo, the U3's tail gear needed to be lengthened. The U3 also was fitted with the 2,000 PS BMW 801S engine, and the tail from the Ta 152. ::Fw 190 F-8/U4 — created as a night bomber, was equipped with flame dampers on the exhaust and various electrical systems such as the FuG 101 radio altimeter, the PKS 12 automatic pilot, and the TSA 2 A sighting system.
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Because these positions are located close to the center of engine, they contribute less to countering any rocking motions - hence the use of external balance weights (e.g. in the crank nose pulley), which requires less extra mass for the same balancing effect. Unfortunately, the uneven firing in each bank (see below), as well as the 90° piston phases themselves, do contribute to torsion in the crankshaft which can be noticeable - it is for this reason that crossplane V8s have tuned mass dampers fitted to them, again usually on the free end of the crankshaft. Coventry Climax discovered that a sufficiently short-stroke flatplane engine was smoother and more powerful at higher rpm, both likely partly due to a relative absence of these torsional vibrations, and switched to this design with their Mk.III FWMV in 1963.
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On post war units, reinforcement frames have been introduced on the chassis and under the cabs, as the first 108 units showed some mechanical weaknesses in those points; in the mid-1980s it was decided to reinforce only the chassis on pre-war units (however units 026 an 065 never received these modifications). To reduce parasite motion, dampers were mounted between the carbodies: glycerine-type from units 1-276 and special-oil type from unit 277 onwards, although these were later eliminated in 1977 because considered useless. The first 108 units had different rheostat ventilation shafts on the roof than the rest of the units ones, although these were later replaced with the more efficient shafts used on the latter units. They also had sliding oil-buckles, while following units had rolling bearing ones.
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Resale values were exceedingly low and in Finland, official numbers on removals from the automobile registry gave Wartburg the shortest average life span of any maker listed, at nine years and three months. The Wartburg 353 was commonly nicknamed "Trustworthy Hans" or "Farty Hans" by owners due to its durability and copious exhaust emissions, especially when cold and/or overoiled. Noteworthy characteristics of the model are: simple design, dependability, occasional and cheap maintenance, strong chassis-based car frame, front-wheel drive, rear wheel ABS regulator, a 525-litre trunk, innovative electronic gauges fitted after 1983. Disadvantages in terms of passengers' comfort are well known too: lack of any sound dampers led to significant engine feedback in the coupe which itself was in turn very boomy and reverberating, leading to another nickname, "The barrel".
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The 182 Trophy included 16 Inch Speedline Turini Alloy wheels as seen on the 172 Cup, the Spoiler from the Clio 255 V6, Recaro Trendline seats and exclusive 727 Capsicum Red Paint with Trophy Decals lacquered onto the Side skirts. Each car had an individually numbered plaque on the base of the driver's seat. The biggest difference however between the 182 Cup and 182 Trophy was the inclusion of Sachs Remote-Reservoir dampers. The basic principle of a Remote- Reservoir damper is that because there is a separate reservoir for the gas or oil which fills the shock they can either be of a reduced length or can house a longer rod, this means that the sizing of the shock can be optimised for the application in which it is being used.
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2013 Ferrari California HS To give the clients a more dynamic driving experience, an optional HS (Handling Speciale) package was developed as part of the update in 2012 (for the US 2013 model year). It can typically be recognized by a no cost option of a silver coloured grille and silver ventilation blisters behind the front wheel wells. The HS package includes Delphi MagneRide magnetorheological dampers controlled by the ECU with 50% faster response time utilizing a patented Ferrari software, stiffer springs for more precise body control and a steering rack with a 9% quicker steering ratio (2.3 turns lock to lock as opposed to the standard rack's 2.5). Overall it does away with some driving comfort trading it for reduced body roll, higher-speed cornering, and better handling during aggressive vehicle operation.
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On some pianos (grands and verticals), the middle pedal can be a bass sustain pedal: that is, when it is depressed, the dampers lift off the strings only in the bass section. Players use this pedal to sustain a single bass note or chord over many measures, while playing the melody in the treble section. An upright pedal piano by Challen The rare transposing piano (an example of which was owned by Irving Berlin) has a middle pedal that functions as a clutch that disengages the keyboard from the mechanism, so the player can move the keyboard to the left or right with a lever. This shifts the entire piano action so the pianist can play music written in one key so that it sounds in a different key.
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Race mode stiffens the dampers to their most aggressive setting, reducing body movements and increasing adhesion to the road for more precise high speed driving. Race mode also increases throttle response, firms up the steering for a heftier feel, and alters the shift pattern of the DSG gearbox (where fitted) as well as increases the speed of the Adaptive headlamps (AFS) response time. On top of ESC Sport mode, as found on the GTI and GTD, which delays intervention of the electronic stability control system, the R offers the option fully to disengage the ESC, for track driving. For the Canadian market, the optional Discovery Pro 8" infotainment system is available as part of the single option "Technology Package", while only the 6.5" Discover is available to US consumers.
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Renault Mégane R.S. 275 Trophy In response to SEAT setting a new record for a Front-wheel drive production car at the Nürburgring race track with the Leon Cupra 280 at 7:58.4, Renault developed the 275 Trophy-R to retake the title a few weeks after. With Laurent Hurgon driving, the record was reclaimed with a Nürburgring lap time of 7:54.36.7m54.36s : new lap record at the Nürburgring for Mégane R.S. 275 Trophy-R – Renault Sport, 16 June 2014 The Mégane R.S. 275 Trophy features an Akrapovič titanium exhaust system increasing the power output to at 5,500 rpm while the torque is unchanged at at 3,000 rpm. Other changes include Öhlins dampers with Allevard composite coil springs and 19-inch Speedline Turini wheels with Michelin Pilot Sport Cup 2 tyres.
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Forcing the gimbal to rotate causes the wheel to precess resulting in gyroscopic torques about the roll axis, so that the mechanism has the potential to right the vehicle when tilted from the vertical. The wheel shows a tendency to align its spin axis with the axis of rotation (the gimbal axis), and it is this action which rotates the entire vehicle about its roll axis. Ideally, the mechanism applying control torques to the gimbal ought to be passive (an arrangement of springs, dampers and levers), but the fundamental nature of the problem indicates that this would be impossible. The equilibrium position is with the vehicle upright, so that any disturbance from this position reduces the height of the centre of gravity, lowering the potential energy of the system.
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On 8 December it was decided to abandon the unrealistic three ton weight limit and install larger fuel tanks and heavier armour; the vehicles were again sent back. In April 1933 Renault submitted two types, fitted with 0.5 ton weights simulating an up-armouring from nine to thirteen millimetres maximum: 79758 rebuilt with a horizontal rubber spring suspension and 79757 fitted with a suspension derived from that of 79760, but now with a central vertical spring and the casings of the horizontal springs filled with oil to make them act as dampers. They were tested until June 1933 and, against the strong advice of Renault favouring the rubber springs, on 6 June a production was ordered for prototype 79757 as the AMR Renault modèle 1933 or AMR 33.
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All of them were based at Treviso- Sant'Angelo. During 1964, the pre-production aircraft of 103mo Gruppo were replaced by production standard G.91 R/1 combat aircraft; thus 16 of the pre- production aircraft were converted for service with the Italian aerobatic team, the Frecce Tricolori; these conversions, which had their armament removed and other modifications such as the addition of pitch dampers, ballast, and smoke tanks beneath the wings, were designated as the G.91 PAN. The G.91 PAN reportedly accumulated roughly 1,500 flight hours per year, and had an average efficiency in excess of 90 per cent. In late 1964, the first batch of two-seater G.91T/1 aircraft, which had lengthened fuselage to accommodate an additional seat for training purposes, was delivered to the Scuola Volo Basico Avanzato (Amendola flying school for advanced jet training).
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Some passive systems use a small amount of conventional energy to control dampers, shutters, night insulation, and other devices that enhance solar energy collection, storage, and use, and reduce undesirable heat transfer. Passive solar technologies include direct and indirect solar gain for space heating, solar water heating systems based on the thermosiphon, use of thermal mass and phase-change materials for slowing indoor air temperature swings, solar cookers, the solar chimney for enhancing natural ventilation, and earth sheltering. More widely, passive solar technologies include the solar furnace, but this typically requires some external energy for aligning their concentrating mirrors or receivers, and historically have not proven to be practical or cost effective for widespread use. 'Low-grade' energy needs, such as space and water heating, have proven over time to be better applications for passive use of solar energy.
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The X-REAS system links the dampers diagonally by means of hydraulic hoses and fluid using a mechanical center valve which reduces body roll during hard cornering. All 4runners were equipped with skid plates for the engine, transfer case, and fuel tank to prevent damage during off-roading. The Hill-Start Assist Control (HAC) system prevents the 4runner from rolling backwards on inclines and a Downhill Assist Control (DAC, 4WD only) modulates the brakes and throttle automatically without driver inputs for smooth hill descents at very low speeds, both electronic aids are standard on 4WD models. Major standard features included a tilt and telescoping steering wheel, remote keyless entry, single zone automatic climate control, power driver's lumbar support, power rear tailgate window, and on V8 models a tow hitch receiver bolted directly to the rear frame crossmember.
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Velocette is a line of motorcycles made by Veloce Ltd, in Hall Green, Birmingham, England. One of several motorcycle manufacturers in Birmingham, Velocette was a small, family-owned firm, selling almost as many hand-built motorcycles during its lifetime, as the mass-produced machines of the giant BSA and Norton concerns. Renowned for the quality of its products, the company was "always in the picture" in international motorcycle racing, from the mid-1920s through the 1950s, culminating in two World Championship titles (1949-1950 350 cc) and its legendary and still-unbeaten (for single-cylinder, 500 cc machines) 24 hours at over 100 mph (161 km/h) record. Veloce, while small, was a great technical innovator and many of its patented designs are commonplace on motorcycles today, including the positive-stop foot shift and swinging arm rear suspension with hydraulic dampers.
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A Treatise on the Principal Trades and Manufactures of the United States. Edward Young, Philadelphia 1856 p.440-441 The 1848 article also stated the firm employed about sixty workers, and had manufactured between 3,000 and 4,000 pianos, upwards 500 of them with the Aeolian attachment. In 1847 Gilbert patented a cast iron frame for grand pianos with the ordinary resisting bars combined with bars perpendicular to the strings—one of which was to be connected with the front edge of the sounding board—in order to prevent the case sides from twisting,Timothy Gilbert "Metallic Frame for Pianofortes" United States Patent no. 5,202 July 24, 1847 as well as a double action for horizontal pianos with springs meant to support the weight of the hammers and dampers in order to lighten the touch of the keys.
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It uses front MacPherson struts in combination with either a twist beam or multi- link at the rear, and the option of adaptive dampers. Compared to its predecessor, the C118 is 48 mm (1.9 in) longer, 53 mm (2.1 in) wider and loses 2 mm (0.1 in) in height, while its wheelbase has been extended by 30 mm (1.2 in). All models feature the Mercedes-Benz User Experience (MBUX) infotainment system, including the "Hey Mercedes" voice-controlled assistant and a new Interior Assist gesture control system. Standard models feature two 7-inch displays for the instrument cluster and MBUX screen, and can be upgraded to 10.25-inch screens, a full-color head-up display, adaptive cruise control, active steering assist, and active brake assist. The X118 CLA Shooting Brake was unveiled at the 2019 Geneva Auto Show.
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Porsche Cayman GT4 In 2015, a high performance track oriented version of the Cayman, named the Cayman GT4 was introduced, using a revised and a slightly de-tuned version of the 3.8-litre flat-six engine from the 911 (991) Carrera S. The GT4 was available only with a 6 speed manual transmission and weighed . It has a vented front bumper to improve cooling for the additional radiator, with a lower lip spoiler as well as a fixed rear wing for providing downforce. Compared to the standard Cayman, it features a 30 mm lower ride height, upgraded brakes from the 991 GT3, a limited slip differential combined with Porsche Torque Vectoring, and Porsche Active Suspension Management with dampers derived from the 991 GT3. A number of reinforcements were also made throughout the chassis to keep it stiff and well balanced.
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While this condition rarely occurred during normal driving conditions, it was much more prevalent on race tracks where speeds were much higher. To address the problem and improve the NSX-R's cornering stability at the limit, Honda added one aluminium bracket under the front battery tray and added one bracket in front of the front radiator to add more chassis rigidity replacing the entire suspension system with a more track oriented unit, featuring a stiffer front sway bar, stiffer suspension bushings, stiffer coil springs and stiffer dampers. The standard NSX has a somewhat rearward bias in its spring and bar rates, where the rear was relatively quite stiff versus the front. This means that the lateral load transfer distribution, or the amount of load that is transferred across the front axle versus the rear while cornering, is rather rear biased.
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New for 2002 was a $2,695 40th Anniversary option package which included the NASCAR-inspired rear spoiler and roof fences, polished dual-outlet exhaust tips, hood with heat extractors, and 15-spoke chrome wheels previously offered with the 2001 Special Edition package. Unique elements such as the Dark Cherry Metallic paint, 40th Anniversary badges, and Ruby Red and Graphite interior trim with the 40th Anniversary logo embroidered on the front seats and floormats differentiated this option package from the previous year's offering. One 40th Anniversary Sedan was further customized with a lowering package, different wheels, and exhaust for SEMA and featured in Hot Rod Magazine as the GP40. The lowering package, provided by GM Accessories, consisted of new front and rear adjustable springs, adjustable front and rear dampers and Z-rated tires mounted on forged aluminum wheels.
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Pull-rod suspension, being able to move components away from essential air channels, is therefore able to reduce the workload on the smaller engines and improve acceleration across the power band. Another essential benefit of utilising pull-rod suspension when designing a car for formula racing is streamlining components to not only reduce drag, but also to improve downforce. Drag as a whole is an essential area of concern for any kind of racing car, as drag plays a direct role in determining the overall performance of the vehicle, not only reducing acceleration and top speed, but also creating turbulence and instability. With a conventional suspension system, shock dampers and other similar components are positioned underneath the vehicle, disturbing air around them and reducing the efficiency with which air is moved over and around the vehicle, generating substantial drag.
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The A-Spec sport suspension changed out the four spring and damper (shock absorber) strut assemblies. The A-Spec suspension featured lowering springs (approximately 0.75 inch) and revalved dampers. The ride was stiffer, but not overly so, and handling was improved with less body roll, more controlled cornering and enhanced feel. Reportedly Acura chose to make the RL's A-Spec suspension more compliant than the very stiff A-Spec sport suspension upgrade for the Acura TL, in keeping with the two different missions of the cars: luxury for the RL, luxury sport for the TL. Acura RL A-Spec retained the same suspension geometry as the stock Acura RL suspension alignment specifications. The other A-Spec performance upgrade was A-Spec 18x8 inch alloy wheels, a 10-spoke lightweight design (about the same weight as the 5-spoke 17x8 inch OEM wheels).
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Dampers, springs and steering were retuned, and the tyres were wide 175/65 Michelin TRX on R 340 alloy wheels. In true Lancia tradition the exterior of the HF was relatively understated: changes were limited to silver "HF" badging on the grille, a deeper chin spoiler, black trim as on the GT, black roof drip rail mouldings, black side skirts with small silver "turbo" badges in front of the rear wheels, the 1982 roof spoiler painted in black, air intake cowls on the bonnet grilles, bronze-tinted athermic glass and 8-spoke alloy wheels. The cabin featured a leather-covered steering wheel and supplementary digital instrumentation with bar indicators; the upholstery material was the usual beige Zegna fabric, and Recaro sport seats covered in the same cloth were optional. About ten thousand Delta HF were made, in a two-year production period.
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To reduce rolling resistance for improved fuel economy and to avoid overheating and failure of tires at high speed, tires are designed to have limited internal damping. So the "wheel bounce" due to wheel inertia, or resonant motion of the unsprung weight moving up and down on the springiness of the tire, is only poorly damped, mainly by the dampers or shock absorbers of the suspension. For these reasons, high unsprung weight reduces road holding and increases unpredictable changes in direction on rough surfaces (as well as degrading ride comfort and increasing mechanical loads). This unsprung weight includes the wheels and tires, usually the brakes, plus some percentage of the suspension, depending on how much of the suspension moves with the body and how much with the wheels; for instance a solid axle suspension is completely unsprung.
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The Ariete is powered by a 25.8-litre turbo-charged Fiat-Iveco MTCA 12-cylinder diesel engine in a Vee configuration rated at 937 kilowatts (1,250 hp) at 2,300 rpm, with a maximum torque of 4,615 N·m at 1,600 rpm driving through a ZF LSG3000 automatic transmission, with four forward gears and two reverse, allowing for a top cruising speed of 65 km/h and a 0–32 km/h acceleration in 6 seconds. The computer-controlled transmission allows it to climb grades rated up to 60%, and can ford waterways of up to 1.25 m on-the- fly. The entire engine and transmission assembly can be replaced in under 1 hour. The Ariete's independent suspension system consists of 14 torsion bars with suspension arms, 10 hydraulic shock absorbers (installed on roadwheels numbers 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7) and 14 friction dampers.
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Suspension was handled by double wishbones with coil springs and telescopic dampers at the front, and a de Dion tube system with torsion bar springs at the rear. While this arrangement had been state-of-the-art in the early years of the 1950s, by the time that the DBR4 made its first public appearance most racing car manufacturers were moving to all-round independent suspension, offering better handling, traction and road-holding than the older system employed at the rear of the Aston. The DBR4 was the last new Grand Prix car to use the de Dion system. This same suspension system would be adapted to the DBR3 sports car which was being developed at the same time as the DBR4, but would be abandoned less than a year later when the DBR3 was considered a failure.
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The test car, which had the optional hydraulically powered top and window operation (£40 extra), cost £824, including taxes. The handling was average, but adequate for the era, with coil independent suspension at the front and leaf springs at the rear, employing lever arm shock absorbers or 'dampers' which, when worn, resulted in a characteristic 'wave motion' over undulating surfaces. The underpinnings were somewhat less exotic than the all-enveloping bodywork: the chassis and running gear were based on that of the well-proven 1949 Austin A70 Hampshire saloon (not to be confused with the smaller entry level A40 Devon). Brakes were initially a mix of hydraulic (front) and mechanical (rear) with drums, replaced by a fully hydraulic brake setup from 1951 onwards on the hardtop coupe (saloon)which with large diameter finned drums and vented wheels.
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The independent front suspension featured double wishbones, coil springs, telescopic dampers, and an anti-roll bar, all carried in a separate subframe mounted to the body by rubber bushes (with only minor revisions, this system was used on subsequent Jaguar saloons including early versions of the XJ). The live rear axle used a simplified version of the D-Type suspension, with inverted semi-elliptic springs cantilevered into the main body frame with the rear quarter section carrying the axle and acting as trailing arms. Transverse location was secured by a Panhard rod, the system being a significant improvement over other contemporary Jaguar saloons and sports cars (the reason for the unusual inverted leaf spring arrangement was the same as for the D-Type: to transfer all rear axle loads forward to the unitary body shell. The rear of the car was unstressed).
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In November 2012, Renault presented a new version of the Fluence in partnership with engineers from Renault Sport from France, as well as engineers from Brazil and Argentina. The project focus was to offer the first Renault Sport product developed out of France to enthusiasts and customers who were looking for something more than the available mid-range sedans until that date for Brazil and Argentina markets, notably customers who were willing to have more performance without compromising final price budget. Based on the Privilège version, with all equipment and options, the GT version received special attention to suspension (springs and dampers) and the same engine and gearbox offered in the Megane GT for Europe. The engine is commercially designated TCe180 (Turbo Control Efficiency), which refers to the 2.0F4Rt engine family tuned with at 5500 rpm and of torque at 2250 rpm.
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Residents of an affected community might be informed that shelter in place is being implemented through the news media, Emergency Alert System, Reverse 911, warning sirens or horns, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration weather reports, and announcements from vehicles equipped with public address systems. In the United States, facilities like nuclear power plants are required to be equipped with audio alert systems that can be heard within a radius. Once a shelter in place is called, residents are expected to immediately go indoors, bring all children and animals with them, and to close and lock windows and doors. All ways in which outside materials may enter the shelter area should be eliminated, including closure of fireplace dampers, shutting off ventilation or climate control systems, and prepare an area for pets to eliminate waste that does not require allowing them outside.
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Stopping power is aided courtesy of carbon-ceramic brakes, which measure at the front, at the rear, and are produced by Brembo.Specification, Braking System ”Discover the Vulcan”, Aston Martin, 2015 Engine power delivery is selectable using a selector knob in the car, with the first option setting the power to , the second option setting the power to , and the third and final option allowing the engine to deliver the full of power output. The Vulcan generates GT3-car levels of downforce via its prominent front splitter, rear diffuser and adjustable rear wing. Aston Martin states that the car will produce at and at its Vmax speed. The car has a race-derived pushrod suspension with anti-dive geometry and is complemented by Multimatic’s Dynamic Suspension Spool Valve (DSSV) adjustable dampers and anti-roll bars, front and rear driver-adjustable anti-lock braking, and variable traction control.
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Changes to Civic hatchback include retuned electric power steering to provide a more secure control during higher speeds, front and rear dampers were revised for improving body control, toe and camber of the rear suspension were realigned to improve the hatchback's handling, privacy glass on the lower rear window, piano black touches on the number plate surround, tailgate and lower bumper; piano black front bumper, new alloy wheels, darker wheel arch garnishes, white stitching on the seats, steering wheel and knee pad; aluminum inserts around the cup holder, glossy black inserts. 2014 Honda Civic Tourer (Germany) The Civic Tourer was designed and developed in Europe. It is based on the architecture of the 5 door, and at launch, included most of the updates as mentioned above. Additionally it includes an adaptive rear damping system and the largest capacity trunk space in its class (624l VDA below tonneau).
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The AMG C 63 uses a similar 4.0-liter turbocharged V8 to the Mercedes-AMG GT sports car. Mercedes offers it with two outputs: and of torque for the C 63 and and of torque for the more potent C 63 S. By moving to the downsized and turbocharged engine, Mercedes claims the W205 version consumes 32 percent less fuel than the model it replaced. The C 63 should also be able to complete the 0-62 mph (0–100 km/h) sprint in 4.1 seconds with a top speed limited to , and 4.0 seconds in the S with a top speed of with a special request from AMG to raise the speed limiter. The car still uses a seven-speed automatic transmission that sends power to the rear wheels and gets three- stage adaptive dampers specific to AMG models along with speed-sensitive variable steering.
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This required modifications to the damper and spring rates of the bogies and the fitting of inter-coach "car coupler dampers" to improve damping between the vehicles."The Mk 4 and Mk 5 coaches for British Rail Intercity Part 2: testing, commissioning and service experience with the Mk 4 coach and development of the Mk 5 specification", J A Higton and D R Temple, Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, Vol 206, 1992. Disabled access was another priority of the design, so the door vestibules were enlarged to allow a more generous turning circle for a wheelchair. With ever-increasing levels of overcrowding, the so-called 'gangway passenger' had become an important consideration, so the vestibule environment was improved with carpeted walls, better lighting, sealed gangways and carriage doors plus four flip-down seats per vestibule (since removed and replaced with bench style perch seats).
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E. C. Fernandes and M. V. Heitor, "Unsteady flames and the Rayleigh criterion" in See Chapter 8, Section 6 and especially Section 7, re combustion instability. Such effects are very difficult to predict analytically during the design process, and have usually been addressed by expensive, time-consuming and extensive testing, combined with trial and error remedial correction measures. Screeching is often dealt with by detailed changes to injectors, or changes in the propellant chemistry, or vaporising the propellant before injection, or use of Helmholtz dampers within the combustion chambers to change the resonant modes of the chamber. Testing for the possibility of screeching is sometimes done by exploding small explosive charges outside the combustion chamber with a tube set tangentially to the combustion chamber near the injectors to determine the engine's impulse response and then evaluating the time response of the chamber pressure- a fast recovery indicates a stable system.
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The XKR-S GT is a limited (30 units in United States and Canada, 10 units in the UK; worldwide production was 45 units) version of XKR-S coupé. Technical highlights included a six-speed transmission, active electronic differential, bespoke aerodynamic components and suspension developments to increase downforce and optimised high-speed cornering ability (a wider front track, increased camber, revised bushings, a new steering system and faster steering ratio, height-adjustable and bespoke adaptive dampers with twin spring system and increased rates of 68% at the front and 25% at the rear), a carbon ceramic brake system (398 mm and 380 mm front/rear discs, 6/4-piston front/rear monoblock calipers) The car was unveiled by Jaguar in 2013 at the New York International Auto Show, followed by the 2013 Goodwood Festival of Speed. Delivery to UK customers commenced in October 2013.
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In 1987 International Motors Group of West Bromwich (IM Group) were awarded the official Isuzu franchise for the UK. (They also at the time represented Subaru and Hyundai in the UK.) IM Group still marketed the Piazza in single trim/engine form, but they only sold the updated 'Lotus' Piazza. The earlier cars sold by Day became known as 'pre- Lotus' cars; the suspension and handling of these pre-Lotus cars was derided by UK Press as poor, especially the live axle arrangement at the rear, which by the late '80s was seen to be antiquated. The updated 'Handling by Lotus' car was available from 1987 and the handling, although keeping the live axle arrangement, was transfomed by Lotus in the UK after significant development work, involving modified suspension layouts, larger brakes, specially produced dampers and Goodyear tyres. The 'Handling by Lotus' cars had updated interior and exterior equipment.
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When heavily loaded the springs could bottom out, and apart from fitting rubber 'bump stops', there were attempts to use heavy main springs with auxiliary springs to smooth the ride when lightly loaded, which were often called 'shock absorbers'. Realising that the spring and vehicle combination bounced with a characteristic frequency, these auxiliary springs were designed with a different period, but were not a solution to the problem that the spring rebound after striking a bump could throw you out of your seat. What was called for was damping that operated on the rebound. Although C.L. Horock came up with a design in 1901 that had hydraulic damping, it worked in one direction only. It does not seem to have gone into production right away, whereas mechanical dampers such as the Gabriel Snubber started being fitted in the late 1900s (also the similar Stromberg Anti-Shox).
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The Jaguar F-Type 400 Sport, a special-edition model that would remain on sale for just one year, was launched as part of a raft of revisions to the British sports car. The F-Type 400 Sport launch edition is powered by an upgraded version of the 3.0-litre supercharged V6 engine producing a power output of (hence the name) and the addition of the Super Performance braking system (which features 380 mm front and 376 mm rear discs and black calipers with 400 Sport logo) and a Configurable Dynamics system which allows drivers to select individual settings for the throttle, transmission, steering and dampers. The F-Type 400 Sport features unique 20-inch alloy wheels. The car features '400 Sport' badges on the front splitter and rear of the car, as well as the centre console, steering wheel, tread plates and embroidered headrests.
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As with previous production-based Mustang race cars, Multimatic Engineering was approached by Ford Performance to develop a complete race-only version of the S550 Shelby GT350R. The resulting competition derivative, the GT350R-C, has safety equipment and roll-over protection homologated to FIA and IMSA specifications; Bosch MS5.0 ECU and ABS controller; MoTeC instrumentation and datalogging; adjustable anti-roll bars; Multimatic DSSV spool-valve dampers and other competition upgrades. Though delayed until the third race of the 2015 Continental Tire SportsCar Challenge, the GT350R-C was competitive right away: having earned pole position for its debut race, the GT350R-C won the next two rounds, and took three wins overall in its debut season. Success continued into 2016 as privateer team C360R finished behind the sole entry of factory-supported team Multimatic Motorsports for a 1–2 GT350R-C finish in the season-opener at Daytona.
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Rear quarter view On 8 September 2017, to coincide with the marque's 70th anniversary year at the Goodwood Revival, a new Griffith was revealed under the now resurrected TVR marque, featuring design work by Gordon Murray. It features a Cosworth modified Ford Coyote 5.0-litre V8 engine producing , double wishbone suspension with adjustable coilover dampers, a carbon fibre ground effect chassis.. It can accelerate from 0 to in approximately 4 seconds, and can achieve a top speed in excess of . The new Griffith retains the manual transmission as used in the previous TVR models, making it a proper driver's car, but includes ABS, power steering, and traction control as standard, in order to handle the high power output and keep the car stable at high speeds. The extensive use of carbon fibre helps save weight, and as a result, it weighs less than , with a 50:50 weight distribution achieved through the Griffith's architecture of aluminum and carbon fibre components, which improves handling.
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In an investigation report released in October 2006, representatives from the Grand National Party expressed concern about the practice to use parts from other trains for spare parts, but Korail stated that that is standard practice in case of urgency with no safety effect, and the supply of spare parts is secured. Korail is also conducting a localisation program to develop replacements for various imported parts, starting with auxiliary inverters and brake cylinders, and continuing with other auxiliary electrical equipment in the passenger cars and yaw dampers. On June 13, 2007, near Cheongdo on the upgraded Daegu–Busan section, a damper acting between two cars of a KTX-I train got free at one end due to a loose screw and hit the trackbed, throwing up ballast that hit cars and caused bruises to two people on the parallel road, and generating smoke inside the train's passenger compartment. The train was stopped by emergency braking when passengers noticed the smoke.
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The R8 LMS ultra Unveiled at the 2013 Geneva Motor Show, the R8 LMS ultra is a modified version of the Audi R8 LMS with CFRP (carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic) doors with high-energy absorbing new crash foams, new PS1 safety seat developed by Audi, updated transmission providing additional reserves on long-distance runs, increased engine power to (depending on restrictor regulations) with higher torque at lower engine speeds, a larger engine oil cooler and transmission fluid cooler, relocated steering hydraulics oil cooler to the vehicle's midsection, enlarged air vents, improved air flow to radiator and interior, front 18-inch wheels with Michelin 30-65/18 tyres, optimized brake cooling at the front wheels, uniball joints transverse control arm mounts, weight-reduced compression and rebound-adjustable gas dampers from Bilstein, wider front hood with louvers, new wider rear wing with larger end plates, new front plate with optimised diffusion under the front end.
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Yellow in America which was limited to 500 units but known as the Inazuma Edition in Canada which was limited to between 200-250 cars. This special edition is based on the Limited trim level for the BRZ and features the optional Performance package as standard, which includes 4 piston Brembo brakes in the front, 2 piston Brembo brakes in the rear, and Sachs dampers, a special yellow body colour called Charlesite Yellow with black trim, a yellow embroidered BRZ logo on the sears, and yellow accents and stitching throughout the interior. In February 2018, Subaru of America released a limited edition SOA 50th Anniversary edition BRZ based on the Limited trim level featuring Heritage Blue exterior colour, satin chrome exterior trim and badging; and SOA 50th anniversary emblem. The interior features black upholstery with contrasting silver stitching; silver seatbelts; and the 50th Anniversary logo embroidered on the front seats and carpeted floor mats.
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From July 1981 to September 1982, German RS dealers marketed a limited edition, Zakspeed inspired, left-hand drive only, 'Werksturbo' model capable of . Based on the 3.0 S, this derivative featured widened Series X bodywork, front and rear 'Ford Motorsport' badged spoilers, deep 7.5j four-spoked RS alloy wheels fitted with Pirelli P7 235/60VR13 tyres and an RS badged engine. The engine was based on a normally aspirated carburetor equipped 2.8-litre Cologne V6, Ford Granada (Europe) engine using electronic ignition, a tuftrided crankshaft, heavy duty head gaskets and oil pump, an oil cooler and a single Garrett T4 turbocharger providing 5.4 psi of boost, a limited slip differential, Bilstein dampers all around, an anti dive kit, uprated RS anti roll bars and single rear leaf springs, the engine put out 188 Hp at 5500 rpm. Figures of around 200 produced examples are common, but numbered transmission tunnels possibly indicate 155 conversions were made.
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J2; this very car was third overall at Le Mans 1950 Sydney Allard soon saw the potential of the economically more vibrant – but sports car starved – U.S. market and developed a special competition model to tap it, the J2. The new roadster, weighing just 18.5 cwt, was a potent combination of a lightweight, hand-formed aluminium body fitted with new coil spring front suspension, fitted with inclined telescopic dampers, and de Dion-type rear axle, inboard rear brakes, and , Mercury flathead V8, with the option of an Ardun hemi conversion. The J2 had a disturbing tendency to catch fire when started. Importing American engines just to ship them back across the Atlantic proved problematic, so U.S.-bound Allards were soon shipped engineless and fitted out in the States variously with newer overhead valve engines by Cadillac, Chrysler, Buick, and Oldsmobile. In that form, the J2 proved a highly competitive international race car for 1950, most frequently powered by Cadillac engines.
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The second generation Delta's world première was held at the March 1993 Geneva Motor Show, alongside that of the final "Evo 2" HF Integrale. Sales commenced in May. Initially the Nuova Delta was offered with three engines and outputs varying from : an entry level SOHC 1.6-litre, and two DOHC inline fours with Lancia's twin counter rotating balance shafts, an 8-valve 1.8 L and a 16-valve 2.0 L. Trim level were three: base and LE for the 1.6 and 1.8, base and richer LS for two-litre models. The sportier 2.0 HF was also unveiled in Geneva, but went on sale in September; it used a version of the 16-valve 2.0 L equipped with a Garrett T3 turbocharger and an intercooler to produce . Mechanical changes from the other Deltas included upsized 205/50 tyres, stiffer suspension, standard 4-way ABS, a "Viscodrive" viscous coupling limited slip differential and, in the HF LS trim, electronically adjustable dampers with two settings.
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The range of modifications allowed was quite narrow - few mechanical engine modifications were allowed (save for lightening within set limits and baffled sumps) although the choice of ECU was free, and this could liberate some extra power itself, and most of the modifications allowed were to promote longevity rather than increased performance, although the boundaries of these two areas were blurring towards the end of the group's lifespan. Furthermore, cars with forced induction engines were fitted with a restrictor in front of the charger to limit power.Subaru parts lists for the Group N base car (PDF) Originally, Group N meant that all the interior trim had to be present (including the rear seat), but it later changed to allow removal of the trim aside from the dashboard and replacement of the door trim. The springs and dampers were free, as are the internals of the gearbox and the final-drive ratio, providing that the homologated gear ratios and gear change pattern were respected.
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This contained a spring inside the telescopic unit like the pure spring type 'shock absorbers' mentioned above, but also oil and an internal valve so that the oil damped in the rebound direction. The Telesco unit was fitted at the rear end of the leaf spring, in place of the rear spring to chassis mount, so that it formed part of the springing system, albeit a hydraulically damped part."What a Chauffeur Expects to see at Olympia", The Automotor Journal, Nov 9th 1912, p1313 This layout was presumably selected as it was easy to apply to existing vehicles, but it meant the hydraulic damping was not applied to the action of the main leaf spring, but only to the action of the auxiliary spring in the unit itself. The first production hydraulic dampers to act on the main leaf spring movement were probably those based on an original concept by Maurice Houdaille patented in 1908 and 1909.
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Alfa Romeo Montreal C pillar The first production car, Tipo 105.64, was shown at the 1970 Geneva Motor Show and was quite different from the original, using a 2593 cc 90° dry-sump lubricated, cross-plane V8 engine with a bore of 80.0 mm and a stroke of only 64.5 mm and using SPICA (Società Pompe Iniezione Cassani & Affini) fuel injection that produced around , coupled to a five-speed ZF manual gearbox and a limited-slip differential. This engine was derived from the 2-litre V8 used in the 33 Stradale and in the Tipo 33 sports prototype racer. The chassis and running gear of the production Montreal were taken from the Giulia GTV coupé and comprised double wishbone suspension with coil springs and dampers at the front and a live axle with limited slip differential at the rear. Since the concept car was already unofficially known as The Montreal, Alfa Romeo kept the model name in production.
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The vehicle was unveiled in 2007 Geneva Motor Show. Update included new LED daytime running lights, as well as a freshened centre console with revamped controls and materials. New Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI) V6 petrol engine with greater power and fuel efficiency (206 kW / 280 PS) which satisfy Euro-5 emissions standards is also available. Other changes to the car for 2009 included: three new types of alloy wheels (17, 18 and 19 inch), a slightly modified radiator grille, three new exterior colours, the new leather colour, the new wood trims, white switch illumination instead of red, accent and switch trim in the new "Warm gray" colour, an upgraded car key, makeup mirror in the rear on the LWB version, dampers optimised for low-friction, Carbon fibre-reinforced Silicon Carbide (C/SiC) ceramic composite brakes (front) on the Phaeton W12, as well as a rearview camera (Rear Assist) and blind spot warning system Side Assist.
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2013 Mazda Miata Club New features included using coordinated black and silver features to the respective soft- top and power retractable hardtop cars, front bumper has a bigger grille opening as well as a revised fog lamp design and new lip spoiler, a new luxury tan color interior option, implementing Active Bonnet for pedestrian protection, and weight reduction via re-designed front bumper, new 17-inch aluminum wheels and even with the internal wiring. While no modifications were done to the powerplant, Mazda did retune the ECU on the manual transmission MX-5 to provide a more linear throttle response. Braking performance has also been altered, with the brake booster being modified to better modulate braking performance on the roadster. U.S. market Touring trim was replaced by Club trim with addition of black headlamps, black side mirror covers, 17"x7" gun metal black alloy wheels, Bilstein dampers, limited-slip differential, body color dash trim, red stitched black cloth seats, MX-5 decals, and more pronounced front and rear aerodynamic splitters.
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Later it was installed with Kutonase (cable cutting equipment).Griehl 1991, pp. 49–50. The Do 217 E-1 and E-2 could reach 535 km/h at 5,300 m and none had a problem with maintaining altitude with BMW 801s, even with weapons, dive-brakes and dampers added, provided it had an all-up-weight of less than twelve tonnes. Machines over thirteen tonnes were difficult to handle and needed experienced pilots at the controls.Griehl 1991, p. 51. The failure of the Heinkel He 111, Dornier Do 17, and Junkers Ju 88 during the Battle of Britain and The Blitz led the OKL to see the Do 217 as the only heavy bomber in the Luftwaffe which had the range, bombload and fighter defences for long- range bombing attacks. The E-2 had incorporated all the new design features such as the Drehlafette DL 131 turret and a modified bomb bay which allowed to hold 3,000 kg of bombs. The E-1s originally were given the FuG X, 16, 25 and PeilG V and FuBI 1 radio sets and navigation aids.
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It was an E-2 conversion with altered cockpit and DB 603 engines and operated from the central Luftwaffe Erprobungstelle aircraft test centre at Rechlin from September 1942. During the winter, the prototype performed long-range and high-altitude flights. On 16 November it was forced landed for unstated reasons. Different engine-cooling systems were tried and flame retarders added, although the addition of the dampers caused a reduction in speed of 15 to 25 km/h depending on altitude. The first production prototype series M-0 aircraft (M-01) crashed in Lake Müritz, just north of the Rechlin test base, on 9 September 1942, while on an engine test. The M-02 was given wing reduction to 59 m2, which became the predecessor of the M-3. The M-03 refined the design with DB 603 A-1 engines but crashed after a mid-air collision with a Dornier Do 215 on 14 May 1943. Six 0-series aircraft (Wrk Nr. 1241 to 1245) were manufactured.Griehl 1991, p.142.
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The Celsior, named after the Latin word for "supreme", was largely identical to the LS. Models came in either basic "A", upgraded suspension "B", or fully equipped "C" trim specifications. The Crown and the Crown Majesta, which appeared later in 1991, were only available at Toyota Store locations which carried Japan-only Toyota luxury models, like the Century. The Celsior introduced two world firsts: high-performance twin-tube shock absorbers and an air suspension combined with an upgraded version of Toyota's semi-active dampers Toyota Electronic Modulated Suspension, called Piezo TEMS. This was ahead of its time: Mercedes-Benz first introduced a similar electronically controlled air suspension on the 1999 Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W220) (Airmatic). Adding incentive for early U.S. sales was a base price of US$35,000, which undercut competitors by thousands of dollars and brought accusations of selling below cost from rival BMW. Being a flagship luxury sedan in the full- size segment, the relatively low starting MSRP was actually targeted to be at $25,000 during initial stages of development.
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Audi S4 Sedan quattro (8EC, North America) Audi S4 Cabriolet with optional 7-spoke alloy wheels (8HE, U.S.) Audi S4 Avant quattro (8ED, Europe) The Audi B7 platform Audi S4 quattro, based on the Audi B7 A4, debuted in late 2004. Although Audi classifies it as a new car, the differences between it and the outgoing B6 S4 casually appear to be primarily cosmetic, and is still classified by the internal designation: Typ 8E (although with revised sub-designations - saloon: 8EC, Avant: 8ED, and Cabriolet: 8HE). It has the same 4.2-litre V8 engine (identification code: BBK) as the B6 S4, producing a power output of at 7,000 rpm, and torque at 3,500 rpm. There are a few mechanical changes, such as revised springs and dampers and, from model year 2007, an updated Torsen T-3 automatically biasing centre differential, featuring a 'default' asymmetric 40:60 front-rear torque split on manual transmission models, along with the later Bosch ESP 8.0 Electronic Stability Programme and gloss black painted brake calipers.
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Bentley Continental GT Speed Bentley Continental GT Speed Changes to the Continental GT for 2008 include a reduction in kerb weight due primarily to optimisation of suspension and cooling system components and an increased use of aluminium parts in the suspension. Other changes include a revised Servotronic power steering for improved feel and feedback, optional fade-resistant carbon ceramic brakes provide improved brake feel (only available on 20-inch wheels), new, more upright front grille and larger lower air intakes give improved airflow to aid engine cooling; chromed headlamp bezels, two new exterior paint colours (Cumbrian Green and Granite), two new leather hide colours (Newmarket Tan and Cumbrian Green), new low-friction dampers, new 'Sport Traction' mode for the Bosch 8.1 ESP system and a Bentley 'B' brake pedal. The Mulliner Driving Specification includes drilled alloy sport foot-pedals, knurled chrome/hide gear lever, diamond quilted hide to seat facings, doors and rear quarter panels. The Continental GT Speed is a version of the Continental GT with increased engine power to and of torque.
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Weight transfer during cornering, acceleration or braking is usually calculated per individual wheel and compared with the static weights for the same wheels. The total amount of weight transfer is only affected by four factors: the distance between wheel centers (wheelbase in the case of braking, or track width in the case of cornering) the height of the center of gravity, the mass of the vehicle, and the amount of acceleration experienced. The speed at which weight transfer occurs as well as through which components it transfers is complex and is determined by many factors including but not limited to roll center height, spring and damper rates, anti-roll bar stiffness and the kinematic design of the suspension links. In most conventional applications, when weight is transferred through intentionally compliant elements such as springs, dampers and anti-roll bars, the weight transfer is said to be "elastic", while the weight which is transferred through more rigid suspension links such as A-arms and toe links is said to be "geometric".
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In September the tanks were united in the first French Cavalry mechanised unit ever: the experimental Détachement Mécanique de Sûreté. The experience showed that they were very agile, but also noisy, poorly balanced and lacking sufficient range; unsurprisingly, the crew was always in for a bumpy ride. After the exercise they were sent back to Renault, who shortly afterwards submitted three types for evaluation to the Commission d'Expériences du Matériel Automobile at Vincennes: prototype 79758, still with the original suspension, 79759 with added internal hydraulic dampers and 79760 with a fully new suspension consisting of a central bogie with a leaf spring and wheels at the front and the back connected to two horizontal helical springs. In November and December 1932 the "Commission de Vincennes" tested them, using as reference changed specifications determined on 10 June 1932. They were found to have a sufficient speed (56.25 – 60 km/h), but an insufficient range of 166 - 188 kilometres and to be too heavy with a weight of 4.8 tons.
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For this manual transmission model, Acura designed a new self-adjusting dual-mass clutch system for increased holding power and improved modulation compared to the previous generation. Additional differences from the automatic transmission SH-AWD model include more aggressively tuned front dampers and springs, stiffer engine and transmission mounts, unique Electric Power Steering (EPS) tuning, hill start assist, and improved front/rear weight distribution. The fourth generation Acura TL adds further electronic convenience items, now including a central multifunction display, an eight-speaker 276-watt audio system with a six-disc CD changer, XM Satellite Radio, USB port connectivity (including full iPod control support), and Bluetooth Audio (for streaming music from a cell phone). Both models offer an optional Technology Package, which includes premium Milano leather seats, keyless start, a joystick-based (no longer touchscreen) navigation system updated with a new full VGA display and the ability to provide weather information and traffic-based rerouting, and the Acura/ELS audio system with 10 speakers, 440 watts of power, DTS CD compatibility for 5.1 surround sound, DVD-A, as well as an internal hard drive with 13 GB of storage dedicated for audio.
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The redesigned mesh pattern on the front fascia allows for maximum airflow to the supercharger's intercooler heat exchanger, while dedicated brake-cooling intakes and wider grille outlets on the bottom serves as air diffusers. It rides on 19×10-inch front and 20×12-inch rear spin-cast aluminium wheels on Michelin Pilot Sport P285/30ZR19 front and 335/25ZR20 rear tires. Inside the Z06, there are a choice of two magnesium frame seats (GT seat or a Competition Sport seat with more aggressive side bolstering), a steel-reinforced grab bar on the center console for the passenger, soft-touch materials on the edge of the console, and a fully wrapped interior with Nappa leather, aluminum, carbon fiber, and microsuede, depending on the trim level. Mechanical features of the Z06 include Brembo brakes (371×33-mm front and 365×25-mm rear two-piece steel disc brakes, aluminum six-piston front and four-piston rear fixed calipers), uniquely calibrated SLA-type front and rear suspension design, Magnetic Ride Control dampers, electronic limited-slip differential (eLSD) integrated with electronic stability control, and Performance Traction Management.
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STS-69 saw the first flight of the International Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker (IEH-1), the first of five planned flights to measure and monitor long-term variations in the magnitude of absolute extreme ultraviolet (EUV) flux coming from the Sun, and to study EUV emissions from the plasma torus system around Jupiter originating from its moon Io. Also aboard Endeavour were the combined Capillary Pumped Loop-2/Gas Bridge Assembly (CAPL-2/GBA) payload. This experiment consisted of the CAPL-2 Hitchhiker payload designed as an in-orbit microgravity demonstration of a cooling system planned for the Earth Observing System Program and the Thermal Energy Storage-2 payload, part of an effort to develop advanced energy generation techniques. Also a part of this payload were several Get Away Special (GAS) experiments which investigated areas such as the interaction of spacecraft attitude and orbit control systems with spacecraft structures, fluid-filled beams as structural dampers in space and the effects of smoldering combustion in a long-term microgravity environment. Another payload flown with a connection to the development of the Space Station was the Electrolysis Performance Improvement Concept Study (EPICS).
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The GT theme extended to the interior which included sports-contoured front seats, leather and wood-rimmed Momo 4 spoke steering wheel and leather trim accents on doors, dash and centre console. Walnut inserts matching the Momo wheel were added to the door tops and T-bar surround while door handles were polished chrome. A premium 250 Watt 9 speaker audio system and alarm were also standard. This premium model came only in Navy Blue or Regency Red. Engine: Fairlane 195 kW: Windsor 5-litre V8, OHV, electronic multi-point fuel injection, 9.00:1 compression, GT-40P Explorer heads, roller rockers, special camshaft, upgraded 65mm throttle body and engine management system, electronic ignition, low restriction extractor exhaust system, 195 kW @4700rpm, 410Nm @ 3900rpm (net) Transmission: BTR M97LE, electronic 4 speed auto, GT Adaptive Shift Strategy, T-Bar shift. Ratios: 1st 2.39:1 - 2nd 1.45:1 - 3rd 1.00:1 - 4th - 0.68:1, Reverse 2.09:1 Rear axle: 3.45:1, LSD Suspension: Front: Independent, upper and lower wishbones with urethane inner bushes, unique coil spring/strut-type dampers, GT camber and castor kit and 28 mm anti-roll bar.
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The Delta HF 4WD was unveiled at the April 1986 Turin Motor Show, becoming the top of the Delta range. The HF 4WD's 1,995 cc, twin-cam, 8-valve engine with two counter-rotating balancing shafts was derived from the Lancia Thema i.e. turbo saloon. It was equipped with a Garrett turbocharger, a wastegate valve, an air-to-air intercooler and Weber IAW integrated electronic ignition and fuel injection; to support turbocharging it also adopted tri- metallic crankpin and main bearings, sodium-filled valves, bronze valve guides and an oil cooler. Engine output was at 5,250 rpm, and of torque at 2,750 rpm, that could rise to for short periods of time thanks to an overboost function. On the Delta HF 4WD the torque split ratio of the central epicyclic differential stood at 56/44 front to rear. The basic suspension layout of the Delta 4WD remained the same as in the rest of the two-wheel drive Delta range: MacPherson strut–type independent suspension on all four corners, dual-rate dampers and helicoidal springs, with the struts and springs set slightly off- centre. The suspension mounting provided more isolation by incorporating flexible rubber links.
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Mass dampers are frequently implemented with a frictional or hydraulic component that turns mechanical kinetic energy into heat, like an automotive shock absorber. Given a motor with mass m1 attached via motor mounts to the ground, the motor vibrates as it operates and the soft motor mounts act as a parallel spring and damper, k1 and c1. The force on the motor mounts is F0. In order to reduce the maximum force on the motor mounts as the motor operates over a range of speeds, a smaller mass, m2, is connected to m1 by a spring and a damper, k2 and c2. F1 is the effective force on the motor due to its operation. Response of the system excited by one unit of force, with () and without () the 10% tuned mass. The peak response is reduced from 9 units down to 5.5 units. While the maximum response force is reduced, there are some operating frequencies for which the response force is increased. The graph shows the effect of a tuned mass damper on a simple spring–mass–damper system, excited by vibrations with an amplitude of one unit of force applied to the main mass, m1.
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McDonnell had been interested in the flying-crane concept from just after the war, investigating rotors driven directly by ramjets and compressed air tip jets on the McDonnell XH-20 Little Henry, the cancelled McDonnell 79 Big Henry and the McDonnell XV-1 high-speed compound helicopter. The expected advantages included: (1) inherent angle of attack stability; (2) increased inherent pitch and roll damping; (3) greatly improved dynamic helicopter stability; (4) ability to start and stop in high winds; (5) no need for tracking and no dampers required; (6) no possibility of mechanical instability or ground resonance; (7) very low vibration; (8) low maintenance due to absence of highly loaded bearings, reduction gears, shafting, and anti-torque rotor; and (9) automatic rotor speed control. McDonnell started development of a private- venture flying crane helicopter in December 1956, progressing rapidly with a mock-up in January 1957 and the first of two prototypes flying on 13 November 1957, piloted by John R. Noll. The airframe of the Model 120 was very simple, comprising a welded steel-tube open structure, with the three-bladed main- rotor mast and gas-producers attached without covering.
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Experimentation with antennae filters and transmitter dampers did little to alleviate the interference problems. In early April 1983, just over one month after the long-awaited increase, St. Cloud State University voluntarily elected to reduce KVSC's output power to 1,300 watts until a more permanent solution to this interference could be found. Funding and permits were granted, allowing KVSC to erect a new antenna, away from the campus area (formerly located on top of Sherburne Hall). The new transmitter site was built near the intersection of Highway 15 and Interstate-94, where high-power broadcasts would be less likely to interfere with the St. Cloud residents. The power increase was finalized on September 24, 1992. KVSC now broadcasts with an operating power of 16,500 watts, covering a 70-mile broadcast radius with a potential audience of nearly two million listeners in the central Minnesota region. In November 1993 KVSC's sports department adopted the policy of not broadcasting Indian team mascot names in stories and within KVSC play-by-play coverage. This policy was put in place to recognize and respect Native Americans and Indigenous people's perspective on team mascot names. KVSC began broadcasting 24 hours a day in September 1994.
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Rear view The car takes inspiration from the Bugatti Type 57SC Atlantic along with the Bugatti Vision Gran Turismo concept in terms of design and has track performance as its main focus. The car includes a redesigned exhaust system featuring quad exhaust pipes, a 1.8 metre wide fixed rear wing (23% wider than the retractable wing on the Chiron), a NACA duct on the roof that channels air to the rear of the car on a central fin and ultimately on the rear wing for improved downforce, a large front chin spoiler, more refined side skirts, larger air intakes on the front, new head lamps and tail lamps, a vent in the bonnet for improved radiator cooling and vents on the front wheel arches to cool the brakes. The interior in the Divo is relatively similar to the more luxurious Chiron, but has Alcantara upholstery and carbon-fibre trim in order to save weight. Other notable changes include stiffer springs and dampers, carbon-fibre wiper blades and intercooler shroud, grooved wheel spokes, reduced sound insulation, a lighter sound system and removal of the storage lockers present in the doors and centre console for a weight saving of over the Chiron Sport.
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Bentley Continental GT3 Bentley Continental GT3 The Continental GT3 is a rear-wheel-drive race car version of Continental GT V8 coupe, based on the Continental GT3 Concept Racer. It was unveiled at the 2013 Goodwood Festival of Speed, followed by the 2013 Rolex Monterey Motorsports Reunion and the 2014 Goodwood Festival of Speed. It includes a 4.0-litre twin-turbo V8 engine rated at , as well as a Xtrac six- speed sequential gearbox with a limited-slip differential in transaxle, racing clutch, steering wheel mounted paddle operated pneumatic gear shift, Drivetrain Carbon fibre propshaft, double wishbone suspension front and rear, four-way adjustable racing dampers; hydraulic power-assisted steering, ventilated iron disc brakes front and rear, Brembo 6/4-piston front/rear calipers, driver-adjustable brake bias, FIA-specification steel roll cage, Sparco six-point FIA safety harness, onboard fire extinguisher, onboard pneumatic jack system, FIA-specification racing fuel cell, race-specification ABS and traction control, lightweight race battery, OZ Racing 18x13-inch rims with 310/710R18 tyres and the removal of the leather and wood interior trim. The design was completed by a specialist team of engineers from Bentley Motors supported by the Continental GT3 Technical Partner, M-Sport Ltd.
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Tokyo Motor Show 2009 The Stealth is a limited production run version of the Lotus Exige S with supercharged and intercooled Inline-4 engine from Exige Cup 260 rated at at 8,000 rpm and of torque at 6,000 rpm, matte black body colour, Phantom Black triple stripes that run the length of the car, carbon-fibre front splitter, oil cooler inlet vanes, side airscoops and rear spoiler, seats and centre console made from carbon fibre, anodised handbrake and gear knob in anthracite colour, carbon- fibre components in high-gloss clear lacquer finish, Lotus Launch Control, Lotus Traction Control, variable-slip traction control, Öhlins 2-way adjustable dampers, Eibach Springs with variable-height spring platforms, matt black lightweight forged wheels with Yokohama 048 LTS tyres, ride height adjustment to reduce the ride height from to , lightweight flywheel, sports- type clutch plate, heavy-duty clutch cover, C64 six-speed gearbox (with an aluminium casing) and Accusump (engine oil accumulator unit). Orders for the 'Lotus Exige Scura' began from 21 October 2009 in Europe, South Korea, Australia, South Africa, Thailand, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, New Zealand, Indonesia and Malaysia. The vehicle was sold in Japan as 'Lotus Exige Stealth'. The Exige Stealth was unveiled at the 2009 Tokyo International Motorshow.
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