Someone compared the smell of the wine to cow dung.
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The method was organic because cow dung was the only fertilizer.
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And, why India's science funding features so much mysticism and cow dung.
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He was horsing around with a shotgun, aiming it at a pile of cow dung.
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All of these things, including firewood and cow dung for fuel, are provided by the environment.
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Slabbert kneels down, pulls apart a pile of cow dung, and tenderly picks out a beetle.
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But the real highlight, Mr. Sartore says, is extracting beetles from cow dung — because every creature counts.
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If a farmer knows the art of using cow dung or cow urine, Lakshmi—prosperity—will start flowing.
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An even greater concern for human health comes from cow dung, which contains nasty bacteria such as E.coli.
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And where there's smoke, there's PAHs, released from burning fuels such as wood, maize cobs and cow dung.
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Cow dung sanitary pads The Indian government's apathy and utter ignorance of women's health issues is deeply concerning.
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And the beetles that feast on the cow dung are a treat of birds, bats and other animals.
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Cow dung has been tapped as a resource to generate energy from the United States, to Zimbabwe to China.
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LeRoy shooed away some grazing cattle and used a rake to remove cow dung from the prime tent spots.
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We took in the processing facilities and digesters, also painted by Tremlett, where cow dung is transformed into electricity.
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They foraged for wood to build their tents, and took dried cow dung from the neighbors for their roofs.
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After I cleaned the cow dung off my kit I was presented with a rosette that read 'For valor.
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They then covered the whole courtyard with a thin layer of cow dung, which hardens into something like plaster.
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To prevent the pigments from cracking and coming loose from the canvas I use cow dung as a bonding agent.
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If you shovel cow dung for a living, the sight and smell of poop might not affect you as much.
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Fertilizer and cow dung also run into rivers and cause toxic algal blooms that kill plants and fish, Behrens says.
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It makes use of Locatelli's cow dung, which is otherwise expensive and wasteful to dispose of, and it provokes people.
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When Americans dismiss something as "bullshit", Mr Shan recalls the patties of cow dung they used to treasure as fuel.
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Beehive-shaped clay pottery kilns, fired with wood or cow dung, sit behind the homes, with piles of firewood stacked alongside.
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Disposing of cow dung became a problem, so they installed a biogas plant to convert it to electricity for lighting and cooking.
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I'd left the smell of cow dung from the farms along US 80 behind and properly entered the outskirts of Montgomery, Alabama.
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Over the years hundreds of coal-burning factories have been shut and the local government has banned the burning of cow dung.
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In the ancient scriptures of India, it is mentioned that the goddess of prosperity, Lakshmi, resides in cow dung and cow urine.
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Rural homes also rely on more than 11,000 biogas systems to create methane from cow dung and other types of animal waste.
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"There have been no weddings here for at least two years," said Nishad, standing outside a derelict wedding hall strewn with cow dung.
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Toilets, often the only concrete structure in the house, are sometimes used to store firewood, grass, chickens, cow-dung cakes and food grains.
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Like the other women in the village, Learpoora lives with her mother in a small manyatta made of wood, twigs and cow dung.
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Residents of the village, 3,500 meters (153,800 yards) above sea level, use cow dung to heat their homes and solar power to warm water.
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Here the scents are more domestic: parched cow dung, acrid but pleasant, and the sickly-sweet spice of chai, cooked on an open fire.
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Shankar Lal, an ideological ally of the prime minister's, in an interview with the Indian Express extolled the many health merits of cow dung.
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In another, from the northern state of Haryana, two people are made to sit on the road and eat a concoction including cow dung.
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This philosophy takes an eccentric turn in one of the bathrooms of Locatelli's castle, where the walls are partially made of exposed dried cow dung.
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Until a few months ago, his studio was the farm's derelict milking parlor; patches of 50-year-old cow dung remain bonded to the floor.
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In June 2014, the EPA unveiled a "partnership" with the dairy industry to speed up the adoption of methane digesters that turn cow dung into energy.
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The rangers advised digging one-meter-deep trenches around the irrigated fields and using a traditional technique of putting piles of smoldering cow dung along their perimeter.
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The increase, the researchers say, is likely due to an alteration in the microbial community found inside the cow's ruminant (grass-digesting) stomach and inside cow dung.
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Museo della Merda has one of the most ambitious manure projects, baking cow dung into "merdacotta," which can be used to make bricks, tiles, and even tableware.
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Families and midwives have been known to put butter, turmeric, ash, cow dung and even rat feces on stumps to promote healing; many babies die of tetanus.
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Davenport's team has devised a solution, applying a mixture of cow dung and chilli pepper -- foul smelling and irritant -- to maize as a means to ward off Kipunjis.
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They were marking what Narendra Modi's government hopes will be the beginning of the end for an age-old poverty trap: collecting firewood and cow dung for cooking.
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Some wrestlers, from pastoral communities where cows play a critical role in livelihoods and culture, smear their faces and chests with white ash from fires of cow dung.
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Immediately after her death, one officer, Ramon Mifsud, about whom the journalist had written, posted a message on Facebook describing her as "cow dung" and cheering her murder.
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It features animal and human figurines made of mud and cow dung, which is still used as fuel, construction material and even as insect repellent in the countryside.
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The government department said quacks were peddling fake cures on social media, advising viewers to spread cow dung, sleep next to onions, and eat garlic to avoid the virus.
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The narcissus N. Actaea illustrates the indole paradox: From a distance it smells like honey, but up close you can pick up traces of black pepper and cow dung.
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"It's not all about Trump," former representative Bobby Bright said Saturday, sitting on a folding chair in the middle of a field, dangerously close to several piles of cow dung.
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"In the absence of medicines, snakebite victims have been known to drink petrol, electrocute themselves or apply a poultice of cow dung and water to the bite," Carrie Arnold writes.
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Last week, a viral video showed two men being forced to consume a mixture of cow dung, urine, milk and other dairy products, for allegedly transporting beef in the state.
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Believe it — Jalila Essaidi and her team have perfected a process to transofrm the abundant cellulose found in cow dung to create a hardy, soft fabric (that also doesn't smell).
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Each cooker can cut the gathering of wood or cow-dung (still used in over half of all households, and mainly foraged by women) by up to an hour a day.
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Furthermore, because of the immobility that using paper/cloth/cow dung imposes on them, it is common practice for girls to drop out of school for the week of their period.
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They point to the need to curb other sources of pollution such as thermal power plants, the burning of wood and cow dung in winter, and the use of diesel vehicles.
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In an infamous stunt, Salahuddin threw the dried cow dung that was to be used as cooking fuel into a big vat of milk, ruining a family's entire batch of ghee.
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But moves of this nature will be difficult in a country where a judge claimed just a few years ago that cow dung was more valuable than the Koh-i-noor diamond.
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That's the conclusion of a new study, which looked at the impact of a three-day course of the antibiotic tetracycline on the amount of heat-trapping methane released from cow dung.
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He met sisters Kimberley and Rebecca Yeung, who created a homemade spacecraft that soared 78,000 feet in the air and landed 51 miles away – near cow dung, but not actually in it.
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Farmers in the German town of Kamenz dumped a 10-foot-tall pile of cow dung in front of a freestanding frame that commemorates a landscape rendered in one of George Baselitz's paintings.
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Toilets, often the only concrete structure in the house, are used as a storeroom for firewood, grass, chickens, cow-dung cakes and food grains, or double up as goat-sheds or even temples.
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The first shot apparently missed the car, and though it took Johnson a few more tries, he eventually blasted the side of the car with a whole mess of cow dung, Rocheleau said.
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Last year, an Iowa woman entered a legal battle with her neighbors after being charged with harassment for mailing a bag of cow dung to them because they complained about her dog barking.
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Most women in India (88%) still use scraps of cloth, newspaper, ash, wood shavings, dried leaves, hay or even cow dung -- basically the cheapest, most absorbent material that they can lay their hands on.
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Though an angry mob smashed in the windows of her hotel and pimps slung cow dung at her at public meetings, Butler's campaign was successful in pushing one burden of criminality away from women selling sex.
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Seelro lives in the rural village of Allah Dino Seelro, where people live in mud huts, use cow dung as cooking fuel, and transport their goods on donkey carts, and residents are terrified of catching the disease.
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How, for instance, did he know enough about chemistry to be able to hunt down Cholmondeley (Tom Hollander), the man who can turn cow dung, pigeon droppings, prostitute urine, ashes, and stolen salt peter into homemade gunpowder?
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After a season set entirely in a small Texas town, many of whose residents were key characters, the show blew up the town in a cow-dung-methane explosion and (apparently) killed off most of the characters.
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According to the new research, residential biomass burning is the largest individual contributor to air pollution across India, with many poor residents relying on burning wood, crop residue or cow dung to heat homes or to cook food.
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DFID said harmful information circulating on social media and WhatsApp included quacks peddling fake cures for the coronavirus such as drinking bleach, rubbing mustard and garlic into the skin, spreading cow dung, and sleeping next to chopped onions.
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According to conversations that I have had with women in pilot villages of the MHS, the low quality of the government sanitary pads, meant that alternatives -- made with cloth, hay or even cow dung cakes -- were often considered more comfortable.
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Instead they use "synthetic cloth, ash, sand, dry leaves, cow dung, newspapers and even polythene... anything and everything that will absorb [the blood]," says Anshu Gupta, the founder of Goonj, a social enterprise which distributes cloth pads to India's poorest women.
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Following basic hygienic principles, such as refraining from eating food dropped in a field strewn, for example, with cow dung is unequivocally important to maintain but an over concern for the unachievable and ill-advised ideal of sterility is another thing altogether.
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Though he had followed Ayurvedic practices since childhood thanks to his mother, it wasn't until then that he learned the methods of Ayurvedic farming, such as using cow urine to enhance soil, cow dung to preserve seeds, and neem oil to prevent pests.
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Cow dung is a huge polluter of methane, and some of the only ways to get rid of it is to burn it (for fuel), or go through a toxic anaerobic respiration process in manure lagoons (Google it, but on an empty stomach, please).
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Her disability never prevented her from exploring the outdoors with her sister and friends: They would climb trees, ride horses, chase goats and come back home covered in fire ant bites and mud and cow dung, so filthy they had to be hosed down.
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You can "subscriptionize" nearly anything (and we're definitely moving in that direction with monthly bacon deliveries, connected floors and even subscription cow dung), but that doesn't mean you just slap a monthly price and a stamp on a product, ship it and you're done.
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MINGKAMAN, South Sudan (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - In the early morning, smoke from burning cow dung rose over hundreds of animals sleeping tightly side by side, with children dotted between them, warming their hands in the smoke, their faces covered in white ash to fend off flies and mosquitoes.
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Running a subscription service like a shipping service While you can "subscriptionize" nearly anything (and we are definitely moving in that direction with monthly bacon deliveries, connected floors and even subscription cow dung), that doesn't mean you just slap a monthly price and a stamp on a product, ship it and you're done.
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The journey to the Chhota Shigri Glacier, in the Himalayan peaks of northern India, begins thousands of feet below, in New Delhi—a city of twenty-five million people, where smoke from diesel trucks and cow-dung fires dims the sky and where the temperature on a hot summer day can reach a hundred and fifteen degrees.
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They included assaults of Muslim men and women in trains; the stripping and beating of lower-caste Dalits in western India; the force-feeding of cow dung and urine to two men in northern India; the rape of two women and the killing of two men in the state of Haryana for allegedly eating beef at home.
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So his sound recording equipment—hydrophones, bat detectors, lapel microphones—captures a transportative soundscape that has everything from the hum of flies on cow dung to drones flying over the moor, the dawn chorus of birds, cattle, bats, soccer fans cheering and chanting from a nearby stadium, water dwelling insects mating, grass swaying, and the thumping music and screams from the fun fair that comes every year to the moor.
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Aside from the ordinary dustiness of a hot country that is under constant construction and has tens of millions moving along poorly paved roads, there are the airborne effluents of coal-fired power plants, crematoria, fire-cleared rice paddies, factories and furnaces burning cheap pet coke and furnace oil, millions of poorly tuned vehicles running on low-grade fuel, diesel-powered locomotives and generators, and cooking stoves fed by cow dung and wood.
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Rural and urban India have roughly similar levels of exposure to air pollution, according to a comprehensive study released in January by an international team of scientists, including experts from the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay and the Health Effects Institute in the US. The study also found that the biggest source of air pollution was residential biomass burning by individuals, in other words, people burning cow dung, wood, or other materials for heating or cooking.
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Drying cow dung fuel Water buffalo dung drying on the wall of a house, Yuanyang County, Yunnan Mound of cow dung fuel in India Cow dung, also known as cow pats, cow pies or cow manure, is the waste product (faeces) of bovine animal species. These species include domestic cattle ("cows"), bison ("buffalo"), yak, and water buffalo. Cow dung is the undigested residue of plant matter which has passed through the animal's gut. The resultant faecal matter is rich in minerals.
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The first described strain of M. vaccae was isolated from cow dung.
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Cow dung is nowadays used for making flower and plant pots. It is plastic free, bio degradable and eco friendly. Unlike plastic grow bags which harms nature, cow dung pots dissolves naturally and becomes excellent manure for the plant.
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Larvae are found in cow dung, rotting tree stumps, old hornet's nests, and moss.
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Because Sepsidae flies are often found in the same regions, there can be competition between species, like from S. neocynipsea which also prefers fresh cow dung for reproduction. However, some fly species, like S. duplicata prefer dry and old cow dung; this is known as niche differentiation.
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Cow dung, urine and other bovine products are still used extensively in the traditional Hindu medicine, Ayurveda.
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The gas is rich in methane and is used in rural areas of India and Pakistan and elsewhere to provide a renewable and stable (but unsustainable) source of electricity. In central Africa, Maasai villages have burned cow dung inside to repel mosquitos. In cold places, cow dung is used to line the walls of rustic houses as a cheap thermal insulator. Most of villagers in India spray fresh cow dung mixed with water in front of the houses to repel insects.
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It is also dried into cake like shapes and used as replacement for firewood. In Rwanda, it is used in an art form called imigongo. Cow dung fuel in Bangladesh Cow dung is also an optional ingredient in the manufacture of adobe mud brick housing depending on the availability of materials at hand. A deposit of cow dung is referred to in American English as a "cow pie," or less commonly "cow chip," and in British English as a "cowpat".
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Cows are reared for milk and cow-dung. Sheep-rearing is also predominantly practised for wool and dung.
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II. Muscidae acalypterae, Scatophagidae. Paris: Éditions Faune de France 28 Bibliotheque Virtuelle Numerique pdf The larva develops in cow dung.
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Cow Dung Sepsis thoracia is a dung fly and prefers cow dung and buffalo dung, especially in human-managed agricultural grasslands. However, the flies typically avoid horse dung. They are a tropical and subtropical species that are extremely heliophilic, or attracted to sun. They are most active between the months of July and October.
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Cow dung, which is usually a dark brown color, is often used as manure (agricultural fertilizer). If not recycled into the soil by species such as earthworms and dung beetles, cow dung can dry out and remain on the pasture, creating an area of grazing land which is unpalatable to livestock. In many parts of the developing world, and in the past in mountain regions of Europe, caked and dried cow dung is used as fuel. Dung may also be collected and used to produce biogas to generate electricity and heat.
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Panaeolus papilionaceus var. parvisporus is a little brown mushroom that grows in horse or cow dung and is in the genus Panaeolus.
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The habitat is meadowland and woodland. The adult flies from May to October. Larvae have been found in cow dung and compost.
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While cow urine and cow dung has benefits as fertilizers, the proponents' claims about curing diseases and cancer have no scientific backing.
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A cow pat. Aqua omnium florum or all-flower water was water distilled from cow-dung in May, when the cows ate fresh grass with meadow flowers. It was also known less euphemistically as aqua stercoris vaccini stillatitia (distilled water of cow dung). This was used as a medicine to treat a variety of ailments including gout, rheumatism and tuberculosis.
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The kolams are generally drawn while the surface is still damp so the design will hold better. Even powdered white stone (வெங்கசங்கள் பொடி / மொக்குமாவு) can be used for creating Kolam. Occasionally, cow dung is also used to wax the floors. In some cultures, cow dung is believed to have antiseptic properties and hence provides a literal threshold of protection for the home.
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Fire wood, Cow dung, LP gas are the main fuel used as domestic source of energy in rural areas of Mustang District. About 54.01 percent households apply wood/firewood as the domestic energy for cooking purposes. Cow dung is used by 24.99 percent households. Most of the businesses and hotels of the district use LP gas (18.12%) as cooking fuel.
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60, 1-167. The flight period is April to October. The larvae are sub-aquatic, occurring in cow-dung, slurry and dung- enriched mud.
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Larvae are associated with cow dung. Adults males feed on nectar, while adult females feed on protein rich pollen, reflecting the cost of developing eggs.
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IRSNB, no. 60, pp. 1–167. The larva is aquatic, occurring in shallow, nutrient rich standing water and in cow-dung, silage pits and compost heaps.
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When dry, it is used in the practice of "cow chip throwing" popularized in Beaver, Oklahoma in 1970.Town of Beaver, Oklahoma On April 21, 2001 Robert Deevers of Elgin, Oklahoma, set the record for cow chip throwing with a distance of . Cow dung is also used in Hindu religious fire yajna as an important ingredient. Cow dung is also used in the making of panchgavya, for use in Hindu rituals.
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The Caryophanaceae were a family of Gram-positive bacteria, now reclassified into the Planococcaceae. Only one genus, Caryophanon, was represented by this family. It is found in cow dung.
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They also feed on the bark and may feed to some extent upon the living tissues. Larvae were also found in silken tunnels in and beneath dried cow dung.
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March–December, on leaves, bushes, shrubs, etc. Larva under old bark, in cow dung, causing decay in beets, under the bark of pine with Tomicus piniperda under Quercus bark.
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Lighting a Sigri requires a substantial amount of effort. First, the fuel (either coal, cow dung or wood pieces) is loaded through the upper opening. A piece of cow dung (perhaps soaked in kerosene) is then lit and inserted through the hole in the side of the Sigri, below the iron rods. The Sigri is then left in a well- ventilated area until it stops emitting smoke, once up to temperature it will produce a smokeless heat.
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Key process requirements: • Availability of space - may vary depending on the quantity of waste but 500 sq. ft. is typically sufficient • Availability of water and electricity nearby Raw material requirements: • Easily available bedding material like paddy straw, coconut palms, coconut choirs and sugarcane bagasse. • Supply of cow dung (either dry decomposed or at least 15 days old) as a primary source of food for earthworms. Wet cow dung if available abundantly can be stored or stacked.
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Jeevamrutha storage cans Gomutra is used as a manure for production of rice. Jeevamrutha is a fertilizer made from a mixture of cow urine, cow dung, jaggery, pulse flour and rhizosphere soil.
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Video clip of M. meridiana feeding on flowers This species is ovoviviparous, as the eggs hatch prior or within an hour after deposition.Peter Skidmore The Biology of the Muscidae of the World The female lays up to five eggs in a lifetime, each one in a different pat, at two-day intervals. Eggs are laid in cow dung. Adults can be found between late April and late October, particularly in cattle-rearing areas, on cow dung or basking in open ground.
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Enzymes in the dog feces helped to relax the fibrous structure of the hide before the final stages of tanning. Elephants, hippos, koalas and pandas are born with sterile intestines, and require bacteria obtained from eating the feces of their mothers to digest vegetation. In India, cow dung and cow urine are major ingredients of the traditional Hindu drink Panchagavya. Politician Shankarbhai Vegad said in 2015, "I am witness to it, cow dung and urine are a 100 per cent cure for cancer".
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60, 1-167. The flight period is mid April to end August. The larvae occur in mud and fen peat beside water, in field drains, slurry and in cow dung on water-logged ground.
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K. baurii is a common species found in freshwater habitats. It wanders about on land more than any other of the mud turtles and can sometimes be observed foraging for food in cow dung.
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Gorehabba or Gore Habba is a festival or ritual in India, of splashing cow dung on each other. This festival is celebrated a day after Diwali's Balipadyami in the small village of Gummatapura in Karnataka, India.
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He tries to run out of the house, but the cow dung makes him slip and the usu falls down from the roof, killing the monkey by crushing his heart, causing him to bleed out and die.
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Then Marudhavaanan gives his father just a small box containing three cow dung cakes and palm leaf documents which are loan promissory notes from his friends. The angered father throws the cow dung cakes out, and to his surprise sees there are gold coins and precious gems like diamonds & pearls in them. Thiruvengadar hurries home to see his son. But Marudhavaanan was not at home and Sivakalai gives Thiruvengadar a very small box, which the son Marudhavaanan had given her, to be handed over to his father, before the son had disappeared.
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With the help of several allies — a chestnut, a cow dung, a bee, and an usu (large heavy mortar) — they go to the monkey's house. The chestnut hides himself on the monkey's hearth, the bee in the water pail, the cow dung on the floor, and the usu on the roof. When the monkey returns home, he tries to warm himself on the hearth, but the chestnut strikes the monkey so that he burns himself. When the monkey tries to cool himself from the burn at the water bucket, the bee stings him.
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Nepalese people perform this worship at a place cleansed with holy water, cow dung and red mud; they light the whole house with candles and lamps. From Lakshmi Puja, Deusi and Bhailo is played by gathering with friends.
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A regional variation of the baked potato is known in rural Armenian villages surrounding Lake Sevan as "p'ur" (). Dried cow dung is stacked and used as fuel to slowly bake unseasoned potatoes which are placed in the center.
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Also living Rhingia rostrata has an orange scutellum, though this fades to brown in dead specimens. But it still has the distinctive long snout of all Rhingia species. Larvae are associated with cow dung. Adults feed on nectar and pollen.
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View of Chamba. Chamba Town. Buildings in Chamba were traditionally constructed using local materials. Buildings were made out of dry stone masonry, with the walls and floors of the older houses plastered with a concoction of clay and cow-dung.
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The developmental time of the larvae is four days and five hours, optimally at a temperature of 26-28 °C. In cow dung, 15-22 days marks the total developmental time. These flies enter dormancy in response to dropping temperatures.
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The tadpoles are suspension feeders that scrape organic and inorganic matter from rocks, plants and log substrates. Adult squirrel tree frogs are very aggressive predators on insects and other invertebrates. They have been observed visiting porch lights in the evening to catch the bugs drawn in by the lights and circling piles of fresh cow-dung to devour the midges that were attracted to the cow-dung. An examination of tree frog stomachs found that nine were empty; four contained beetles; two contained only plant debris; and the rest contained a mixture of crayfish, spiders, crickets, and ants.
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The story of Aristaeus was an archetype of this ritual, serving to instruct bee keepers on how to recover from the loss of their bees. By extension, it was thought that fumigation with cow dung was beneficial to the health of the hive.
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Sometimes the houses are built on small hills; and some houses are built at the feet of hills. The building material is clay, cow dung, and paddy grass. Bamboos are used in construction of walls. The roofs are constructed suitable to geographical conditions.
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Keep all the things for puja ready, near the altar. The total duration of the puja - start to finish – will be around 3 hours. Decorate the front door with mango leaves. The place near the altar is cleaned (with cow dung, where possible).
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The word muck has much usage in the English language, referring in some cases to agricultural soil, and in others to dirt in general, and animal dung in particular. Origins are probably from Norse, Danish, and Proto- Germanic roots referring to cow dung.
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The people who settled at Sanganakallu were early agriculturists, who cultivated small millets and pulses. They kept sheep, cattle, and had separate areas for dumping dung (ash mounds). It is hypothesized these ash mounds were for burning cow dung possibly in a ritual manner.
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Sepsis thoracica, more commonly known as the black scavenger fly, a species of fly from the genus Sepsis and the family Sepsidae. It was discovered by Robineau-Desvoidy in 1830. It resembles a small flying ant. The fly is most commonly found inhabiting cow dung.
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He is the icon whose brains can be picked for anything on earth. The current editor of the magazine is Sorit Gupto. "Gobar" is the Hindi and Nepali word for "cow dung". It was chosen to capture the eco-philosophy and tradition of generating wealth from waste.
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The Istalinga is made up of small blue-black stone coated with fine durable thick black paste of cow dung ashes mixed with some suitable oil to withstand wear and tear. The Ishtalinga is a symbolism for Lord Shiva.Citation error. See inline comment how to fix.
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For his latest quest to conquer the city Zhakhakoo has sent a Blob for the mission. Blob is a strange creature resembling a thump of cow-dung or smelly wet upla. The Blob jumps on unsuspecting target and sucks all the life force out of them.
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God is not photes but it is a Stone. First the stone is washed and the temple cleaned with Cow-dung (Chhaan). The stone and piece of Sawar Stick are placed inside. After Bhagat incense sticks are lit,(Diva) the people pray for Villages happiness, Peace and prosperity.
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The staircase was once secret and easily secured, admitting only one person at a time into Nana Phadnavis's darbar hall. Nana Phadnavis's reception "darbar" hall has an attached bedroom with a teakwood bedstead. The bedstead is an intricately carved four-poster. The floor is paved with clay and cow dung.
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Eggs are laid in almost fresh cow-dung. The larvae are trimorphic and leave the egg in the first instar and may reach maturity without resorting to carnivory. Adults are found around cattle on which they feed, and in farm buildings such as milking parlours etc. Flight from May to October.
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This happened 300 years ago between Arjuna and Vaiparu rivers. A priest – Poosari – woman filled her basket with the cow dung she gathered and was prepared to go home with the basket but could not lift it alone. She asked others to help her. They too could not lift the basket.
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In a cave on the property, several pre- colonial artefacts were discovered. Chief amongst these were San artefacts dating from over 150,000 years ago, turquoise beads dating back to the traders from ancient Phoenicia. The site also contains a preserved early Voortrekker period home with a historically accurate cow dung floor.
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Psilocybe chuxiongensis is a species of psilocybin mushroom in the family Strophariaceae. Described as new to science in 2014, it is found in subtropical China. The type specimens, collected in August 2009, were found growing singly to scattered on cow dung. It is generally found in grasslands where cattle have grazed.
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Psilocybe thaiaerugineomaculans is a species of psilocybin mushroom in the family Strophariaceae. Found in Chiang Mai University Park (Chiang Mai Province, Thailand), where it grows on cow dung, it was described as new to science in 2012. The specific epithet thaiaerugineomaculans refers to its similarity to Psilocybe aerugineomaculans, and to Thailand.
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It is covered by the gelatinous grayish-brown gleba. The spores are cylindrical to ellipsoid, 4–6 by 1.5–2 μm, smooth, and hyaline. The fruit body, when fresh, smells similar to cow dung. This fetid odor is common to stinkhorn fungi, and attracts insects that help to disperse the spores.
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Then the whole thing is dried and fired in an oven with cow-dung cakes. The wax model melts and flows out, while some of it vapourises. The metal alloy of bronze is melted and poured into the empty clay-mould. This particular bronze alloy is known as Pancha Loham.
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Found in open and wooded habitats, sunbathing on foliage in sheltered spots. The flight period is from July to November. Females lay eggs on fresh dung, manure or in close by soil where the larvae develop. The larvae have been reared from cow dung, compost, rotting vegetation and decaying fungi.
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Wood is generally used for cooking purposes and agricultural waste are also used. Cow dung cakes are also important fuel as far as cooking are concerned. Woods are collected from the nearby forest in abundance due to this whole forest cut on larger scale and there are very few trees left.
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The Kathputhli housing structures there are mainly semi-permanent. It is legally considered to be a colony, rather than a "slum" which generally denotes illegal squatters. It is constructed of claybrick, cow dung and concrete. A few of the canteens and tea stalls have access to mains power and water.
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Vibhuti is the holy ash obtained from sacred puja rites involving fire. Also a variant called Basma used as Vibhuti is prepared from the purified ashes of cow dung. Ash as the product of fire is considered intrinsically pure. It is used on the forehead, normally as three horizontal lines representing Shiva.
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The Bhateva Parshwanath Jain temple was built in first half of 19th century at the cost of . The temple is built with stone and has profusely carved images and figures including that of 24 Tirthankaras. The image of chief deity is made of sand and cow-dung. The floor is covered with marble.
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The cow dung ensures that the roof is waterproof. The enkaj or engaji is small, measuring about 3 × 5 m and standing only 1.5 m high. Within this space, the family cooks, eats, sleeps, socializes, and stores food, fuel, and other household possessions. Small livestock are also often accommodated within the enkaji.
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In the 1960s Javier Cabrera Darquea began to collect and popularize the stones, obtaining many of them from a farmer named Basilio Uschuya. Uschuya, after claiming them to be real ancient artifacts, admitted to creating the carvings he had sold and said he produced a patina by baking the stone in cow dung.
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This plaster is composed of > alluvial soil, mixed with a portion of cow-dung to prevent it from cracking, > and with chopped grass to enable it to adhere, the coat being put on with a > light spade and smoothed over with a plasterer's trowel. It is run over > occasionally afterwards with the trowel to fill in the cracks; and on being > quite dry, whitewashed with lime, plaster of Paris, or apple-tree ashes and > sour milk, the latter forming a tolerable substitute for lime as > whitewash.Cunningham, Chapter VIII The interior might have a coating of plaster made from a variety of available ingredients: mud, clay, cow-dung. The inside face of the slabs might be whitewashed, or have newspaper pasted over them.
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Panchagavya or panchakavyam is a mixture used in traditional Hindu rituals that is prepared by mixing five ingredients. The three direct constituents are cow dung, urine, and milk; the two derived products are curd and ghee. These are mixed in proper ratio and then allowed to ferment. The Sanskrit word panchagavya means "five cow-derivatives".
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HGSA also proposed and led beef policing in Haryana. HGSA is the first organisation in India who is setting up university to research on cow dung and cow urine. The organization also regulates and preserves on the functionality of bill associated with cow protection law i.e. Gauvansh Sanrakshan and Gausamvardhan Bill under Haryana Government.
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Most people in rural India use dried cow dung and wood gathered from forests as fuel for cooking. But these fuels are smoky and may cause serious lung and eye diseases. Collecting dung and firewood takes a great deal of time. MPRLP helps villagers draw on government funds to build their own biogas plants.
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The ceremonial ploughing had to be done with bulls and not by oxen as usual. After the earth had been turned up it had to be sprinkled thoroughly with milk, then cow-dung, then with grain-barley sesame, cotton, millet peas and paddy. Then the area was enclosed by a fence called don khram (ေဒါင္းျခံ).
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And the caste Hindu argued that untouchables polluted the tank by taking water from it. To purify the tank cow-urine and cow-dung were used. 108 pots containing a mixture of these products were emptied into the tank while Brahmins recited mantras. The tank was then declared fit for upper caste hindu consumption.
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Zero Budget Farming is a variation on natural farming developed in, and primarily practiced in southern India. It also called spiritual farming .The method involves mulching, intercropping, and the use of several preparations which include cow dung. These preparations, generated on-site, are central to the practice, and said to promote microbe and earthworm activity in the soil.
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Holi is known as Phaguwa in the local Bhojpuri dialect. In this region as well, the legend of Holika is prevalent. On the eve of Phalgun Poornima, people light bonfires. They put dried cow dung cakes, wood of the Araad or Redi tree and Holika tree, grains from the fresh harvest and unwanted wood leaves in the bonfire.
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Psilocybe fimetaria is found growing solitary to gregariously on horse or cow dung, in grassy areas or in rich soils, and often fruits in large rings, from September to November, known from Canada (British Columbia and New Brunswick), the Pacific Northwest (Washington, Oregon, and Idaho), Chile, Great Britain, and Europe. Widely distributed but not very common.
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Divorce was discussed. In desperation, Catherine tried every known trick for getting pregnant, such as placing cow dung and ground stags' antlers on her "source of life", and drinking mule's urine. On 19 January 1544, she at last gave birth to a son, named after King Francis. After becoming pregnant once, Catherine had no trouble doing so again.
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Two masjids (mosques), Jama Masjid and Pirzada Masjid, were built during the Mughal era and are currently in ruins. Parts of them have been demolished by the villagers and used for making, drying and storing hand-made dried cow dung cakes (called Uple उपले in Hindi and Gosse गोस्से in Haryanvi) or as fuel in Chulha (stoves) for cooking.
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Some build Bali icons out of clay or cow dung. In the evening, as night falls, door sills of every house and temple are lighted with lamps arranged in rows. Community sports and feasts are a part of the celebrations. Some people gamble with a game called pachikalu (dice game), which is linked to a legend.
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Next day King mandhata went there and found Cow dung (Gomaya).He prayed to Lord Ganesha and worshipped Gomaya only assuming Lord ganesha is in that place. Note that Gomaya is very very pure. After he worships King was able to get the Krishna Idol the way he wanted and that Krishna is Our Dear Lord Ghore Gopal Krishna.
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Three walls are prepared for the painting, the front wall and the two on either side of it. The front or central wall is very large, twice the size of each of the sidewalls. These walls are treated with two layers of cow dung paste and one layer of white chalk powder. Unmarried girls bring in these materials.
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It is associated with a wide variety of waterbodies, from large lakes and rivers down to areas as small as ditches, small ponds and muddy puddles. Larvae have been found in cow-dung, very wet manure or very wet old sawdust. This species visits flowers; it also commonly rests on leaves. It often emits a buzzing sound when resting.
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Govardhan Puja is a principal ritual performed during Annakut. Although some texts treat Govardhan Puja and Annakut as synonymous, the Govardhan Puja is one segment of the day-long Annakut festival. There are many variants of how Govardhan Puja is performed. In one variant of the ritual a god (Lord Krishna) is made out of cow dung in horizontal position.
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The rondavel is usually round or oval in shape and is traditionally made with materials that can be locally found in raw form. Its walls are often constructed from stones. The mortar may consist of sand, soil, or combinations of these, mixed with cow dung. The floor of a traditional rondavel is finished with a dung mixture to make it hard and smooth.
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Fuel used for cooking was cow dung. Generally 1 meal was cooked hot and eaten, and the other meal eaten cold. A man with BINR 10 was comfortable, one with BINR 20 respectable, one with BINR 50 was prosperous and one with BINR 100 was wealthy. However the cost of living and salaries were much higher in British Indian cities.
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Peziza fimeti is a species of ascomycete fungus belonging to the family Pezizaceae. Found in Europe and North America, the fungus grows on cow dung. It produces small, light brown, cup-shaped fruit bodies up to in diameter. The asci (spore-producing cells) are cylindrical (or nearly so), with dimensions of up to 280 µm long and 18 µm in diameter.
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Dyes for the cloth are obtained by extracting colors from various roots, leaves, and mineral salts of iron, tin, copper, and alum. Various effects are obtained by using cow dung, seeds, plants and crushed flowers to obtain natural dye. Along with buffalo milk, myrobalan is used in kalamkari. Myrobalan is also used to remove the odd smell of buffalo milk.
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Rice can be cultivated by different methods based on the type of region. But in India, the traditional methods are still in use for harvesting rice. The fields are initially ploughed and then fertiliser is applied which typically consists of cow dung and then the field is smoothed. The seeds are transplanted by hand and then through proper irrigation, the seeds are cultivated.
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The chief mourner walks ahead of the bier, taking fire in a porcelain pot. The bier is put down half way to the burning or burial ground, and a sweet ball and a pice are thrown on the spot. A pyre of cow dung is prepared and the body placed upon it. The chief mourner shaves his mustache and head and bathes.
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The offices of Marsh Enterprises are located in Amarillo's tallest building, Chase Tower. In 1975, Marsh went to Washington, D.C. dressed in a western jacket and carrying a pail of cow dung to attend the bribery trial of former Governor John B. Connally, Jr. In the 1990s, Marsh had faced four lawsuits alleging imprisonment, sexual misconduct, and harassment of teens.
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Before beginning the puja, Hindus consider it important to cleanse and purify the space where the Puja is being carried out. For this, “Guggal” or Loban (Benzoin) is lighted using either coal or dried pancakes made of cow-dung. Its incense armotic fumes are considered to purify the atmosphere. However instead, Readmade Dhoop Cones brought from the market are also used.
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A typical folk dance form, popular in Tanuku of West Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh, Butta Bommalu which literally means basket toys are made of wood- husk, dry grass and cow dung. Each dancer wears a different mask over the head and shoulders enlarging the scope of the performer and dances to a non-verbal rhythm which adds colour to the movements.
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At night, the shops were secured by wooden shutters. The shop-keeper sat on the floor of the shop, or on one of the lower shelves. The traders were cloth merchants, grocers, gold smiths, etc. The shops sold sugarcane, coconut, bananas, rice, sweets which were hung on a string and various grains which were kept in baskets with were smeared with cow-dung.
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At night, the shops were secured by wooden shutters. The shop-keeper sat on the floor of the shop, or on one of the lower shelves. The traders were cloth merchants, grocers, gold smiths, etc. The shops sold sugarcane, coconut, bananas, rice, sweets which were hung on a string and various grains which were kept in baskets with were smeared with cow-dung.
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The Vidyapith Dairy has a total of 121 cows with an average yield of 375-390 ltrs. per day (2017–18). Almost the whole of the milk produced is consumed by the inmate students and residential staff. The dairy has mechanised milking facility and the cow-dung produce obtained is used to run bio-gas plants, used in kitchen-cooking in Vidyapith.
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Powered by a Stirling engine running on a combustible fuel source, it claims to be able to produce drinking water from almost any sourceMalnson, Donald. "Dean Kamen aims to clean water, generate electricity with Slingshot machine", Engadget, April 23, 2008. Accessed October 20, 2009. by means of vapor compression distillation, requires no filters, and can operate using cow dung as fuel.
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The Dodoth homesteads are usually in valleys, and have dry season pastures on nearby hillsides. Unlike other people of the region, they therefore do not have to migrate with the seasons. Dodoth homesteads are isolated from one another, surrounded by a strong wall made of upright poles with interwoven branches cemented with mud and cow dung. Cattle are kept within the walls at night.
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The content derived from the decomposition of the leaf-fall and the accumulation of cow-dung is the other constituent of this layer. Ancient potsherds found here would have been due to the disturbances caused at the site during the road construction. The second layer is the basal one that was developed through the weathering of the parent rock. This layer is devoid of any cultural material.
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It is not drawn like a picture. Patterns are created based on certain systems. Generally, women get up early in the morning and clean the area just outside the entrance of their houses with cow dung, sprinkle the area with water and draw the Chaook. In Maharashtra and Karnataka, rangolis are drawn on the doors of homes so that evil forces attempting to enter are repelled.
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Eristalis cryptarum is a European species of hoverfly. Known as the bog hoverfly, it only lives in and around wet heathland and valley mires. Its larvae are assumed to live in peat that is saturated with water, such as that found in these boggy areas. The female has been observed depositing eggs on and close to very fresh cow dung along oligotrophic seepages in moorland.
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There are remains of several dakha floors found at the Domboshaba monument made of soil mixed with cow dung spread across the monument. The older dakha house floors were exposed by amateur archaeologists and soil erosion over time. These floors were made with soils that have high ratio of clay to gravel. It is believed that the house floors were fired to strengthen them for longer periods.
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The material combines the twin principles of sustainability and transmutation, which are the museum's baseline. It combines the twin materials of dried cow dung and Tuscan clay. The Merdacotta was used in "simple, clean rural shapes", devoid of adornment and embodying "ancient principles", thereby making the first tangible products bearing the Museo della Merda brand. These objects include bowls, flowerpots, jugs, mugs, plates, and tiles.
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The remaining 88% meet their energy needs using hydrocarbon (coal, gas, and paraffin) and/or biomass (wood, cow-dung, and crop waste). The task of collecting these have severe social and health costs which accrue primarily to rural women and children. A radial network of roads converges in Nongoma Local Municipality. The rural roads are generally in poor condition and are often inaccessible during the rainy season.
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At night, Vairam sees her husband getting kidnapped by someone who she thinks is Udhayappan, although it is Sivakasi in truth. When Vairam confronts her confused elder brother, he hits her, gaining her sympathy votes. Vijay fakes a threat by Udhayappan towards Vairam, resulting in Udhayappan's men attacking villagers. The people turn against him and Moolimungari, who is covered in cow dung for making Udhyappan an MLA.
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In 2011, some scenes of the movie Agent Vinod & In 2017 climax scenes of the Tamil Movie Theeran Adhigaaram Ondru were shot at the site. The film's crew raised new structures for their set. They painted the ruined walls with Taliban insignia and Urdu words for their shooting requirements. They also covered some of the walls with cow dung to get the rustic look.
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People buy new clothes and Dhoti and buy new items for the festival, decorate the entrance of their houses with fresh mango leaves. Mango leaves and coconuts are considered auspicious in the Hindu tradition, and they are used on Ugadi. People also clean the front of their house with water and cow dung paste, then draw colorful floral designs. People offer prayer in temples.
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Some individuals also sometimes eat pieces of cow dung. Historically, one individual has been observed to swallow a cowhide whole. Food brought to nestlings by their parents includes fish and eels, small mammals such as rats, and invertebrates. However, the proportions of these taxa differ between years depending on availability and the food brought to the nest for the young consists predominantly of aquatic organisms.
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The Viraja Homa is a Hindu fire-sacrifice which is performed during the ceremonies whereby a Hindu monk takes up the vows of renunciation (Sannyasa). The Viraja Homa is thus part of the full Sannyasa Deeksha (monastic initiation). This Homa is also performed while preparing or making Vibhooti (Bhasma)from pure cow dung. This is performed during the every month of Shivarathri day generally.
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There were only three randomized controlled trials for the use of plants for burns, two for aloe vera and one for oatmeal. There is little evidence that vitamin E helps with keloids or scarring. Butter is not recommended. In low income countries, burns are treated up to one-third of the time with traditional medicine, which may include applications of eggs, mud, leaves or cow dung.
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The next morning he observed a young woman making cow dung patties. While placing a patty on a wall, she stood in the alidha pose, with her right foot forward. When she saw Krishnananda watching her, she was embarrassed and put her tongue between her teeth. Krishnananada took his previous worship of Kali out of the cremation grounds and into a more domestic setting.
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It can handle all types of bio-degradable waste like food waste, floral and vegetable waste, garden waste, cow dung and paper waste. The non vegetarian food items can also be used. However they take longer time to decompose which could produce poor smell. The dry waste like glass, thermocol, plastic, rubber or likewise which does not decompose cannot be used in the process.
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After painting, the pots are fired on open ground or in pit ovens. Two or three small pots may be fired together, but larger ones are fired individually. They are set on a pile of dried cow dung and wood and if fired on open ground, covered with a large overturned pot called a “saggar.” For polychrome pots, air is allowed to circulate inside the firing chamber.
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It is about 21–33 mm in length. Adults are shiny dark brown to black in color. They are much largely aggregated species that can be found undercover of decaying litter layers in the agricultural and horticultural land areas and forests on humid soils. Mainly herbivores, they are known to eat any decaying and rotting leaves and vegetable parts, and even wood, decaying fish, and cow dung.
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Bhelwara Sohrai This Sohrai art form can be monochromatic or colorful. The people coat the wall with a layer of white mud, and while the layer is still wet, they draw with their fingertips on it. Their designs range from flowers and fruits to various other nature-inspired designs. The cow dung that was earlier used to cake the walls of the house is used to add colour.
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The wings are somewhat bent down at the tips. The larvae are scavengers and have been reared from dead or decayed materials including Alectryon macrococcus, Bambusa, banana, Ricinus communis, Clermontia, decayed fruits, dry cow dung, palm fronds, Pipturus, rotten wood, Sicana odorifera, sugarcane and Thespesia populnea. The full-grown larva is 15–18 mm long and dull dirty white. The pupa is 6-6.5 mm in length and light brown.
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The admixture used in box-moulding is clay powder in certain proportion depending on the type of moulding used. Other materials used are white dammar, a type of resin drawn from coniferous trees, and castor oil. Cow-dung cakes are the common type of fuel employed to melt the metal before it is poured into the moulds. Parting sand is used to facilitate easy removal of the moulded product.
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Along the way, he mocks her belief in a leap year tradition of women proposing to men. A herd of cows blocks the road. Anna steps in cow-dung while attempting to move the animals, and tries to clean her shoes while leaning on Declan's car, which causes it to roll downhill into a stream. Continuing on foot, Anna flags down a van with three travellers who offer her a lift.
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From the probable derivation of the word 'Lonari' (lona – salt) it is likely that the hereditary occupation of the caste was once preparing salt, and Lonaris following that occupying are still found in Belgaum district. Most of them are now cement makers and charcoal burners. They buy lime nodules and burn lime with charcoal and cow-dung cakes in a circular brick kiln. Some are husband-men and labourers.
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In order to survive, the prisoners eat raw mice, snakes, frogs and insects they can find or grass, tree leaves or bark. Some prisoners even eat undigested beans or corn kernels from cow dung, although they are punished when detected. Ill prisoners still have to work to avoid beatings and reduced food rations. There is just one military doctor in the prison, no medical devices and almost no medicine.
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In order to shift household dependence on firewood, Bhutan began re-exploring biogas development from cow dung. This included a five-year trial program in Chukha, Samtse, Sarpang, and Tsirang Districts from 2011 to 2015. Bhutan had previously explored generating biogas in an identical fashion in the 1980s, but the program was abandoned after failures in training of masons and users, after- sales service, and site follow-up.
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While midwives did not typically offer prenatal care, postnatal care was more common. Midwives sometimes stayed in the house to care for the woman and child, especially if the delivery had been a difficult one. Soft masses such as milk and bread, onion and cornmeal, cow dung, pancakes, or potato scrapings were used to treat mastitis. A cloth soaked in camphor was applied to engorged breasts to draw out milk.
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Rangoli On the festive day, courtyards in village houses will be swept clean and plastered with fresh cow-dung. Even in the city, people take the time out to do some spring cleaning. Women and children work on intricate rangoli designs on their doorsteps, the vibrant colours mirroring the burst of colour associated with spring. Everyone dresses up in new clothes and it is a time for family gatherings.
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The remnants of raw materials such as reed, cow dung, sawdust, and agate are found, giving archaeologists hints of how the kiln was operated. A large mud-brick building faces the factory, and its significance is noted by its plan. Four large rooms and a hall, with an overall measurement of . The hall has a large doorway and a raised floor in the southern corner of the building.
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At the age of twelve, Sapkal was married to a man twenty years her senior in Wardha District. In her new home, she fought against the exploitation of local women, who collected cow dung, by the forests department and landlords. She bore three sons by the time she turned twenty. At the young age of twenty, when nine-months pregnant, Sapkal was beaten and left to die by her husband.
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Applying the Tika The fourth day of Tihar is called Govardhan Puja, where the ox is worshipped and celebrated. The ox is seen as an analogue to the cow in Hinduism, as the ox provides manual labor, especially important for an agricultural country like Nepal. Vaishnav Hindus also perform Govardhan Puja, which is worship towards the holy Govardhan mountain. A pile of cow dung is taken as representative of the mountain and worshiped.
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1.14% had toilets connected to sanitary sewers, 14.67% had toilets connected to septic tanks, and 1.65% had flush toilets connected to other systems. For fuel used in cooking, a majority of households (65.99%) used mainly cow dung cakes, with 17.43% using firewood and 8.86% using crop residue (the remainder used other fuels). Most households (76.52%) did not have kitchens in the home; 17.18% did have kitchens in their homes, while the remainder cooked outdoors.
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Traditionally, the daily worship and care of the plant is the responsibility of the women of the household. Though daily worship is prescribed, Tuesdays and Fridays are considered especially sacred for Tulsi worship. Rituals involve watering the plant, cleaning the area near the plant with water and cow dung (considered sacred) and making offerings of food, flowers, incense, Ganges water, etc. Rangoli (decorative designs) of deities and saints are drawn near its foot.
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Those who have had some training in the management of ponds usually fertilize their ponds with either chicken droppings or cow dung and any other organic house waste. Production is usually in the range of 5 kg to 10 kg/100 m2 (i.e. 500 kg to 1,000 kg per hectare) per annum. The number of ponds at this level is estimated at 11,000 to 15,000 pounds with nearly 80 percent currently active.
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Another major plant, a proposed 60-megawatt plant at Kurichu in eastern Bhutan, was included in the Sixth Development Plan (1987–92). Other sources of energy included biogas, used in some districts for lighting and cooking and primarily generated from cow dung. Solar energy was used for a variety of purposes, including heating dwellings and greenhouses and lighting hospitals. Despite the potential solar energy that might be produced, Bhutan's mountainous terrain prevents maximum use.
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The geometric Imigongo art originates from Rwanda in East Africa, and is associated with the centuries-old sacred status of the cow. It evolved from mixing cow dung with ash and clay and the use of natural dyes. The palette is limited to the bold colours of the earth. The art is traditionally associated with women artists, as is the elaborate art of basket weaving of the area, with its own regular friezes.
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Irrigation is frequent and light, and standing water should not remain for more than half an hour. Dried leaves and wood ash are applied to the furrows at fortnightly intervals and cow dung slurry is sprinkled. Application of different kinds of leaves at monthly intervals is believed advantageous for the growth of the betel. In three to six months the vines reach 150 to 180 centimeters in height and they will branch.
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She would then sand the edges of her design to create more rounded forms. She used an old-style yucca brush when adding painted designs to her pieces. Some of her favorite designs were the Avanyu (water serpent), birds, clouds, seeds uncurling, thunderbird (mythology) figures and kiva steps. When firing she used juniper wood and cow dung, placing the pots upside down on a metal grate to allow the flames to swirl evenly around them.
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95 The different customs and traditions of the native people elicited both his disgust and admiration. For example, he considered the Khoikhoi's custom to grease their skin with fat and dust as an obnoxious habit about which he wrote in his travelogue: "For uncleanliness, the Hottentots have the greatest love. They grease their entire body with greasy substances and above this, they put cow dung, fat or something similar."Thunberg 1986, p.
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The lines are drawn with a paste mixed from water and vibhuti (consecrated ash from burnt cow dung), as a reminder that merging with the divine is urgent since the physical body is impermanent. The dot in the center is a bindu. When placed on the forehead, it indicates the third eye. It also symbolizes the unmanifest, from which the cosmos emerges, as well as the point at which the many becomes one.
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Mandana (literally painting) wall and floor paintings are the best-known painting traditions of Malwa. White drawings stand out in contrast to the base material consisting of a mixture of red clay and cow dung. Peacocks, cats, lions, goojari, bawari, the swastika and chowk are some motifs of this style. Sanjhya is a ritual wall painting done by young girls during the annual period when Hindus remember and offer ritual oblation to their ancestors.
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The nests are made of ground debris such as sticks, branches, and cattails. Old nests will be refurbished, or nests of other species may be taken over and refurbished with sticks being added on top of the old nests. Odd items such as paper, rubbish, barbed wire, cornstalks, plastic and steel cable have been incorporated into nests. Bark from trees and shrubs will be used for lining along with grasses and cow dung.
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After three days of restoration, the Taliban pictures, the Urdu phrases and the cow dung was removed from the walls. In 2015, the Rajasthan government decided to actively develop the village as a tourist spot. The project is being undertaken as a public-private partnership with Jindal Steel Works. The plan includes establishment of visitor facilities such as a cafe, a lounge, a folk-dance performance area, night-stay cottages and shops.
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When Marudhavaanan is 16 years old, he goes on a pleasure trip on a boat and encounters a big fish. By his touch, Marudhavaanan ends the curse of the Gandharva (cursed to be the giant fish). Marudhavaanan goes on business voyage with merchandise and returns with only a small box and two bags of sand. Opening the box, his father Thiruvengadar finds only three cow dung cakes, which he throws away in disgust.
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Well contented with their hilltop, they spent the next few months in a hut made of bamboo and plaited palm leaves with no facilities, no furniture, and a floor covered simply with cow dung. While the center of their lives was the prayer of the Church and celebration of its feasts and mysteries, they had to find a way of supporting themselves, so they soon started a dairy farm with cattle imported from Jersey.
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The method Chudakarma Sanskar varies a lot depending on the culture or ethnicity. As per Sanskarmala, A bhrahmin bhoj is conducted which is followed by head shaving and ends with Pooja offerings Baby's hairs are considered as sacred and are disposed mixing with wheat flour or Cow dung. Also, a mix of Curd, milk and turmeric is applied which works as antiseptic and moisturizer to keep the baby safe from cuts if any.
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The common name cowslip may derive from the old English for cow dung, probably because the plant was often found growing amongst the manure in cow pastures. An alternative derivation simply refers to slippery or boggy ground; again, a typical habitat for this plant. The species name veris (of spring) is the genitive case form of Latin "ver" (spring). However, primrose P. vulgaris, flowers earlier, from December to May in the British isles.
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A number of historic buildings are preserved - The Stone Church - a Norman-style church, originally built from stone, yellowwood, glass and clay. Rev Pacalt's second mission cottage was constructed in approximately 1813. Consisting of sod walls, a thatch roof and cow-dung floor, it was declared a national monument in 1976. William Anderson built the first manse, a two-storied building with thick stone walls and abundant yellowwood, it was also declared a national monument in 1976.
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Psilocybe semilanceata is a saprobic grassland species. Psilocybe semilanceata fruits solitarily or in groups on rich and acidic soil, typically in grasslands, such as meadows, pastures, or lawns. It is often found in pastures that have been fertilized with sheep or cow dung, although it does not typically grow directly on the dung. P. semilanceata, like all others species of the genus Psilocybe, is a saprobic fungus, meaning it obtains nutrients by breaking down organic matter.
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Sometimes, an image of Ganesha is crafted with cow-dung. This crafted Ganesha is then bedecked with arugampul (kind of grass), thumbai (white flowers) and avaram (yellow flowers). The pongal cooked in mud pots are placed on the floor where a Kolam is drawn and skirted with red sand. Then, pongal-rice along with turmeric, ginger, sugar cane, yellow garlands and a stick that is used to drive the bulls are also placed as offering to Ganesha.
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Prey species can include small mammals, amphibians, reptiles, fish, crabs, insects, their larvae, earthworms, shellfish and young birds. Bird species that are culled can range from large, colonial nesting birds such as storks and herons to small passerines. Reptiles taken often including snakes, lizards and small freshwater turtles as well as young American alligators. This species, along with other caracaras, is one of few raptors that hunts on foot, often turning over branches and cow dung to reach food.
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The glowing symbol in the foreground is a tripundra, a mark warn on the forehead to indicate a belief that Shiva is the Ishvara, or Supreme Being. The three horizontal lines represent the soul's three bonds: maya, karma, and anava. Traditionally, the lines are drawn with consecrated ash from burnt cow dung, as a reminder that merging with the divine is urgent since the physical body is transitory. The dot in the center of the tripundra is a bindu.
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Saturday is the official weekly holiday. Main holidays include the National Day (birthday of the king) 28 December, Prithvi Jayanti, (11 January), and Martyr's Day (18 February) and a mix of Hindu and Buddhist festivals such as dashai in autumn, and tihar late autumn. During tihar, the Newar community celebrates its New Year as per local calendar (Nepal Sambat). Most houses in rural Nepal are made up of a tight bamboo framework with mud and cow-dung walls.
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The sites along the trade routes are typified by the Sudanic and Djenne style mosques that were influenced by the Islamic traders who frequented the routes in search of gold and slaves. Along the way they converted much of the population of the region to Islam which led to the construction of the mosques. The mosques themselves are constructed of local timber and mud-brick (cow dung and soil), and require constant maintenance thus necessitating broad conservation efforts.
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Music and dance are an integral part of Rwandan culture, particularly drums and the highly choreographed intore dance. Traditional arts and crafts are produced throughout the country, including imigongo, a unique cow dung art. Rwanda has been governed as a unitary presidential system with a bicameral parliament ruled by the Rwandan Patriotic Front since 1994. The country is member of the African Union, the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, COMESA, OIF and the East African Community.
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The plants are grown in rows with a spacing of 20–50 cm. When the plant achieves a height of 8–25 cm, the seedlings are harrowed with a rake three to four times and weeded two to three times. Cow dung, wood ashes or rotted water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) or its ashes are used as manure. The yield of the crop responds more to water availability and soil organic matter than to high mineral nutrient status.
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They have to rub cow dung and palm oil on their bodies and must also sleep on the floor. Widows are also expected to wear black, the color of mourning, for two years to properly show their loss and respect for their late husband."Gender and Power Relations in Nigeria" These practices widely vary in severity and methods, based on the individual cultural backdrop. However, there has been a major decline of such practices in recent years.
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Today the farm grosses $350,000 and is deemed a commercial farm by the United States Department of Agriculture. Salatin's philosophy of farming emphasizes healthy grass on which animals can thrive in a symbiotic cycle of feeding. Cows are moved from one pasture to another rather than being centrally corn fed. Then chickens in portable coops are moved in behind them, where they dig through the cow dung to eat protein-rich fly larvae while further fertilizing the field with their droppings.
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An area where handicraft is most widely practiced in Bastar is Kondagaon. Vessels, jewellery, images of the local deities, and some decorative works of art are made through a process called the lost wax technique, which is quite simple and happens to be perfect for tribal settings. The Bastar district specializes in the preparation of items from Dhokra and unique woodcraft styles. The artifacts prepared from Dhokra technique of this art use beeswas, cow dung, paddy husk and red soil in the preparation.
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"Turd Blossom" (or Sand Turd) is a Texan United States term for a flower which grows from a pile of cow dung. As Turd Blossom, the term has gained fame in the United States as a nickname that was reportedly assigned by former U.S. President George W. Bush as a term of endearment for his former chief political advisor, Karl Rove. In July 2005, several newspapers declined to run two Doonesbury comic strips portraying Bush addressing Rove by this nickname.
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Imigongo, a unique cow dung art, is produced in the southeast of Rwanda, with a history dating back to when the region was part of the independent Gisaka kingdom. The dung is mixed with natural soils of various colours and painted into patterned ridges to form geometric shapes. Other crafts include pottery and wood carving. Traditional housing styles make use of locally available materials; circular or rectangular mud homes with grass-thatched roofs (known as nyakatsi) are the most common.
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Floors might consist of the original ground upon which the hut was erected, but various mixtures of sand, clay, cow-dung, and similar materials were laid to make a firmer, more level, or harder-wearing indoor surface. Termite mounds, crushed and watered, had many of the properties of poured concrete when used as flooring material.Cox, 1969. p. 50 Termites mix their saliva, faeces and other substances to bind soil particles and form their mound: this type of flooring was known as 'ant bed'.
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The floor was earth, but Dad had a mixture of > sand and fresh cow-dung with which he used to keep it level. About once > every month he would put it on, and everyone had to keep outside that day > till it was dry. There were no locks on the doors. Pegs were put in to keep > them fast at night, and the slabs were not very close together, for we could > easily see anybody coming on horseback by looking through them.
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In the past, fire was common in Indian villages during March–April because of huts. Indian huts are made from bamboo and hays which are very prone to fire. Even villagers were using woods and cow dung cakes for cooking, so catching fire was common in village but due to strong wind during March and April fire used to spread fast in surrounding area. Khajuraha has seen major fire in 1988 when almost all houses of Brahmins tollas were burnt.
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An idol of Akka Mahadevi holding Ishta Linga in her left hand Lingayatism worship is centred on the Hindu god Shiva as the universal god in the iconographic form of Ishtalinga. The Lingayats always wear the Ishtalinga held with a necklace. The Istalinga is made up of small blue-black stone coated with fine durable thick black paste of cow dung ashes mixed with some suitable oil to withstand wear and tear. The Ishtalinga is a symbolism for Lord Shiva.
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Local people collect firewood mostly from the forest. 1,785 households in Mustang use wood or firewood as cooking fuel, 52 households use kerosene, 599 households use LP gas, 826 households use cow dung, 24 use electricity, while cooking fuel of 19 households are unknown. As lighting fuel, 3,177 use electricity (including 824 solar electricity using households), 71 use kerosene, while 39 households did not report their lighting fuel. The lower part of Mustang has recently been connected to the National Electricity Grid.
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Flickers also eat berries and seeds, especially in winter, including poison oak and poison ivy, dogwood, sumac, wild cherry, grape, bayberries, hackberries, and elderberries, as well as sunflower and thistle seeds. Flickers often break into underground ant colonies to get at the nutritious larvae there, hammering at the soil the way other woodpeckers drill into wood. They have been observed breaking up cow dung to eat insects living within. Their tongues can dart out beyond the end of the bill to catch prey.
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Sc. stercoraria They spend a considerable amount of their life foraging for nectar and their insect prey, Sc. stercoraria. They feed on dung for protein and nectar for carbohydrates. While they are found to mostly feed on cow dung, they have been shown to feed on horse dung if it is available in their area. The competitor density they face largely depends on the amount of eggs laid in the dung pat from which they emerged. They don’t face much outside species competition.
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She first got great recognition in the 1970s for a body of experimental work made from cow dung as she did not have funds for anything else. Her talent was spotted by the politician and Prime Minister Indira Gandhi during an art exhibition, who later encouraged her to take sculpting as a profession. She is a great admirer of Auguste Rodin and uses naturalism as her leitmotif. Her interest and association with nature was kindled by her father, a botanist.
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The process involves soaking the yarn in oil, mixing with cow dung for disinfecting, washing in a running stream, boiling it 40 times for seasoning and roughening for a coarse feel. The barks are separately taken out in flakes for powdering in a refined process that gets mixed and boiled with the yarn. It would take a week to weave a dupatta , and a month for a saree. The red colour comes from the roots of the aal tree (Indian Madder).
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The concept of treating colon diseases with fecal matter originated in India. Charak Samhita and many other ancient Ayurveda text that date back to more than 3,000 years recommend intake of cow dung and cow urine for multiple stomach-related disorders. Fourth-century Chinese medical literature also mentions use of fecal matter to treat food poisoning and severe diarrhea. Twelve hundred years later Ming dynasty physician Li Shizhen used "yellow soup" (aka "golden syrup") which contained fresh, dry or fermented stool to treat abdominal diseases.
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Govardhan has since become a major pilgrimage site in Braj for devotees of Krishna. On the day of Annakut, devotees circumambulate the hill and offer food to the mountain—one of the oldest rituals in Braj. The circumambulation consists of an eleven-mile trek dotted along the way with several shrines, before which devotees place flowers and other offerings. Families create an image of Giriraj Govardhan (the mountain) from cow dung, adorning it with miniature cow figures as well as grass as twigs, representing trees and greenery.
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An example of a mechanical vector is a housefly, which lands on cow dung, contaminating its appendages with bacteria from the feces, and then lands on food prior to consumption. The pathogen never enters the body of the fly. In contrast, biological vectors harbor pathogens within their bodies and deliver pathogens to new hosts in an active manner, usually a bite. Biological vectors are often responsible for serious blood-borne diseases, such as malaria, viral encephalitis, Chagas disease, Lyme disease and African sleeping sickness.
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Lead white was being produced during the 4th century BC; the process is described by Pliny the Elder, Vitruvius and the ancient Greek author Theophrastus. The traditional method of making the pigment was called the stack process. Hundreds or thousands of earthenware pots containing vinegar and lead were embedded in a layer of either tan bark or cow dung. The pots were designed so that the vinegar and lead were in separate compartments, but the lead was in contact with the vapor of the vinegar.
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The Chinese consulate in Kolkata also condemned similar statements reportedly made by Dilip Ghosh, president of the West Bengal unit of the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party. Some politicians claimed that drinking cow urine and applying cow dung on the body could cure coronavirus. WHO's chief scientist Soumya Swaminathan rubbished such claims and criticised these politicians for spreading misinformation. Reports of harassment of people from Northeast India, which shares a border with Tibet and Myanmar, in Chennai, Pune and Hyderabad were reported following the outbreak.
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Houses on hills usually have two stories, with the livestock living on the ground floor. Often a verandah runs along the side of the house. The roof is pitched to deal with the monsoon season and the house may sit on raised platform, plinths or bamboo poles to cope with floods. On the flat lands, adobes are usually made of mud or sun-baked bricks, then plastered inside and out, sometimes with mud mixed with hay or even cow dung and whitewashed with lime.
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This simple technology traps the methane produced by cow dung during anaerobic breakdown and provides gas for cooking as well as a nutrient- rich slurry that makes an excellent manure. MPRLP works with Gram Sabhas to get buy-in from villagers, to help them take advantage of government subsidies and to set up repair services to make sure the gas plants can be fixed if they go wrong. By the end of 2010, around 5000 family-size biogas plants had been built in 800 villages.
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The seeds are planted in holes punched through these sheets and cow dung manure and sprays are added to the fields. Nearly half of the fruit in the region belongs to the Sweet Charlie variety of California, with Camarosa and Winter Dawn being the other two major varieties. Other notable varieties include Rania and Nabila. Mahabaleshwar strawberry is used in making various food products in the region such as preserves, jams, fruit crushes, ice-creams, milkshakes, strawberry with fresh cream, strawberry fudge, strawberry wine and jelly toffees.
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Mycobacterium vaccae is a nonpathogenic species of the Mycobacteriaceae family of bacteria that lives naturally in soil. Its generic name originates from the Latin word, vacca (cow), since the first Mycobacterium strain was cultured from cow dung in Austria. Mycobacterium vaccae originates from the Ugandan Lang'o District, where locals claimed that a "muddy substance had the power to cure a number of ailments". Research areas being pursued with regard to killed Mycobacterium vaccae vaccine include immunotherapy for allergic asthma, cancer, depression, leprosy, psoriasis, dermatitis, eczema and tuberculosis.
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The Spanish name is often interpreted in English as "Staked Plains", but is more accurately rendered as "stockaded" or "palisaded plains". The name probably derives from the steep escarpments on the eastern, northern, and western periphery of the plains. Francisco Coronado and other European explorers described the Mescalero Ridge on the western boundary as resembling "palisades, ramparts, or stockades" of a fort. Other sources refer vaguely to "stakes" used to mark routes on the featureless plain, often meaning piles of stone, bone, and cow dung.
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In addition, the maternal families are entitled to a lavish and honorable parent-in-law funeral sponsored by the paternal family. The Ingenuity of Bikpakpaam: Bikpakpaam are clever and innovative in their traditional settings. Inventions by the forefathers of Bikpakpaam include farm implements/tools, musical instruments, hunting tools/weapons such as liluul, butom, ilopiin, kakpola, kitaln etc., Their architectural and construction prowess and techniques led to domestic structures like libubul, lipil, kachala, kikpawung, and n-yaam (for painting), tinabin (cow dung) (for plastering houses) etc.
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During large festivities held by the Khan, he would give his important diplomats special robes to wear with specific colors according to what was being celebrated. These were worn only during the specific festival, and if one was caught wearing it at other times, punishments were extremely severe, as were the rules during the time of Khubilai Khan. The footwear of the traditional Mongol Empire consisted mainly of boots or leather sandals made out of cow fur. This footwear was thick and often smelled of cow dung.
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The crab's children seek revenge with the help of an usu, a snake, a bee, arame (kelp), and a kitchen knife. The name of the story, the list of allies, and the details of the attacks vary in different parts of Japan. For example, in Kansai one of the allies is a quantity of oil. In a version of the story published in a Japanese textbook in 1887, an egg appears in place of the chestnut and a piece of kelp replaces the cow dung.
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An alternative ritual conducted by Uttar Pradeshis is prayer of "gaur mata" the earth. Specifically, celebrants will take a bit of soil, sprinkle water, and then place kumkum on it, treating it as an idol/manifestation of the fertile Mother Earth. In Rajasthan, stories are told by older women in the family, including narratives of Karva Chauth, Shiv, Parvati and Ganesh. In earlier times, an idol of Gaur Mata was made using earth and cow dung, which has now been replaced with an idol of Parvati.
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The radio-carbon dates for this settlement range from 7th to late 19th century AD indicating occupation of more than one thousand years. The hill was part of the formation of early states in Southern Africa with cattle keeping as major source of economy. This was supplemented by goats, sheep and foraging as well as hunting of wild animals. The remaining features of Toutswe settlement include house-floors, large heaps of vitrified cow-dung and burials while the outstanding structure is the stone wall.
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Llansantffriad F.C., which later became Total Network Solutions used the Recreation Ground as their home ground since 1959, though it had been used as the centre of football in Llansantffraid-ym-Mechain prior to this. Up until 1990, the Recreation Ground had no stands or clubhouse, which required players to change in a nearby pub. Being a recreation ground, it was also used to graze cows requiring clearing of cow dung before each match. They also used to play in the Welsh Premier League.
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Shaibalini Devi and he had been the father of three children. Bhaba was dead against the publicity of the mystic power of him: he used to say "If people get to know about me, I'll become cow dung!". The Devotees of Bhaba Pagla transmit numerous narratives and testimonies on the miraculous powers of their master. One of which was a sketch of Goddess Kali which Bhaba drawn himself when appearing before him The Divine Mother offer herself as a model and ordered him to make a portrait of her.
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Milk and milk products were used in Vedic rituals. In the postvedic period products of the cow—milk, curd, ghee, but also cow dung and urine (gomutra), or the combination of these five (panchagavya)—began to assume an increasingly important role in ritual purification and expiation. Veneration of the cow has become a symbol of the identity of Hindus as a community, especially since the end of the 19th century. Slaughter of cows (including oxen, bulls and calves) is forbidden by law in several states of the Indian Union.
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In terms of cooking, most households (79.55%) used firewood as fuel, with 13.38% using cow dung and 5.72% using crop residue. Most households (74.81%) did not have a kitchen at home; 20.41% did have kitchens. 58.53% of households had access to banking services. 20% of households owned radios in 2011, 12.91% had televisions, 0.5% had a computers with internet access and 7.07% had computers without internet, 1.67% had landline telephones and 55.31% had cell phones (1.52% had both), 43.01% had bicycles, 5.15% had motor scooters, motorcycles, or mopeds, and 1.36% had automobiles.
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Individuals are usually assured that the electricity they are using is actually produced from a green energy source that they control. Once the system is paid for, the owner of a renewable energy system will be producing their own renewable electricity for essentially no cost and can sell the excess to the local utility at a profit. A 01 KiloWatt Micro Windmill for Domestic Usage In household power systems, organic matter such as cow dung and spoilable organic matter can be converted to biochar. To eliminate emissions, carbon capture and storage is then used.
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Cheng-Bin Wang, a Prague-based Chinese national, discovered the new beetle species on Hainan, a semi-tropical island off China’s southern coast in the contentious South China Sea. The Rhyzodiastes (Temoana) xii, which can be loosely translated as 'Xi’s Rhyzodiastes', lives in decaying logs in the rainforests of the Jianfeng mountain range. Wang collected three samples, including one male found in rotten wood and another male pulled from cow dung. It is an example of a wrinkled bark beetle, which is part of the broader ground beetle family, which includes gas-emitting bombardier beetles.
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Nishkramana (, ) (literally, first outing) is the sixth of the 16 saṃskāras (sacraments) practiced by the Hindus. On the day of the Nishkramana, a square area in the courtyard from where sun can be seen is plastered with cow dung and clay and the sign of svastika is marked on it. The mother of the child scatters grains of rice over it. The child is brought by a nurse, and the ceremony ends when the father makes the child look at the sun with the sound of the conch-shell and the chanting of Vedic hymns.
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In 1985, the festival grew too large for Worthy Farm, but neighbouring Cockmill Farm was purchased. That year saw a wet festival with considerable rain; Worthy Farm is a dairy farm and what washed down into the low areas was a mixture of mud and liquefied cow dung. This did not prevent festival-goers from enjoying the knee-deep slurry in front of the pyramid stage. 1989 was the first year that impromptu, unofficial sound systems sprung up around the festival site – a portent of things to come.
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A large untidy shallow cup of sticks usually in the foliage near the top of trees, the nest takes anywhere from two to six weeks to be built. It is constructed of thin twigs and is around across when newly built, but growing to around across and deep after repeated use. The nest is lined with green leaves and felted fur, though linings of grass and cow dung have also been reported. It is generally located in the canopy of an isolated or exposed tree in open country, elevated or more above the ground.
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The greatest use of cow dung in India is in farming where it is used as natural manure for farmers' crops. In short, it's a mainstay of rural India, and an appropriate symbol for eco-friendly technology. Anil Agarwal the founder-director of Centre for Science and Environment, India’s leading environmental NGO, aptly called ‘Gobar’ the symbol that embodies the spirit of the Indian environmental movement. As he correctly reflected, the widespread and diverse use of gobar in Indian society stands up to every principle of good environmentalism.
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The Bali-Vamana-Trivikrama legend relief in a Nepalese Hindu temple. The farming community celebrates this festival, particularly in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, by performing Kedaragauri vratam (worship of goddess KedaraGauri – a form of Parvati), Gopuja (worship of cow), and Gouramma puja (worship of Gauri – another form of Parvati). Before worship of cows, on this day, the goushala (cowshed) is also ceremoniously cleaned. On this day, a triangular shaped image of Bali, made out of cow-dung is placed over a wooden plank designed with colourful Kolam decorations and bedecked with marigold flowers and worshipped.
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In Sri Lankan architecture a pila is a type of veranda that was used for sitting, resting or working on that is most notably found in the homes of Sinhalese farm houses. The floor or platform is projected beyond the walls creating a continuous narrow ledge on the exterior of the building. Sri Lankan houses and other buildings that featured a courtyard could also have an inner pila. The pila was built up from stone and earth brick which was smoothly plastered and finished with cow dung, creating a hygienic, hard and impervious surface.
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10 In Bihar, the sixth day ceremony is called Chhathi or Chhati ("sixth") and Shashthi is known by the epithet Chhati Mata ("Mother Chhati"). A lump of cow dung dressed in red cloth or paper and covered with vermilion, symbolising the goddess, is kept in the lying-in room. Here, the new-born baby is oiled and dressed in new clothes and rings and then named; a feast follows this ceremony. Childless people may perform a vrata (ritual) in worship of Shashthi, called either Chhati Mata or Shashthi Vrata, in an effort to conceive.
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Many dung dwelling insects are adversely affected by the process as dung is a habitat and full of minerals needed by animals. Some chemicals once excreted from cattle are poisonous to dung beetles resulting in reduced habitat, less feeding and mating grounds and even mortality of some dung beetles. If dung beetles are impacted then the role in fertilising the land and spreading cow dung will be cut short. Some chemicals used infiltrate the meat and can stay in the system of the animal for a period of time.
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In some parts, a small image of the folk Lohri goddess is made with gobar (cattle dung) decorating it, kindling a fire beneath it and chanting its praises. The folk Lohri goddess is believed to be an ancient aspect of the celebration, and is part of a long tradition of Winter solstice celebrations manifesting as a god or goddess. In other parts, the Lohri fire consists of cow dung and wood with no reference to the Lohri goddess. The bonfire is lit at sunset in the main village square.
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Ponnu (Kavya Madhavan) is a typical self-made village girl. She has survived odds after her father's murder when she was just a child. A vivacious girl with a mind of her own, she does everything under the sun—from rearing goats, milking cows to gathering firewood and cow dung in order to repay her father's debts. So he fills the surroundings with stereotypes: There is a villainous Tamil moneylender Pandi (Kalabhavan Mani), a deceptive father figure (Murali) and film-crazy lover-boy Benny (Sunil Kumar alias Narain).
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They name the child Marudhavaanan, the divine child grows up and follows in his father's footsteps. Once, the father Pattinatthar sent his adopted son Marudhavaanan on a ship with Merchantile goods for overseas trading. When the son came back, there was a severe storm and he arrived safely at home. Marudhavaanan's merchant friends from his business trip meet his father & say that they had lost all their goods in the storm at sea, but Marudhavaanan had only brought back sacks full of paddy husks and cow dung cakes.
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There is a sensuous, tactile quality to her work which exercises a compelling hold on the viewer."Dalmia, and Datta, and Sambrini, and Jakimowicz, and Datta (1997) Indian Contemporary Art Post-Independence Mukherjee studied under K. G. Subramanyan, and derived heavily from his artistry. Sonal Khullar writing on Subramanyan's influence on her wrote in Worldly Affliations Mukherjee a former student, "[...] use jute, wood, rope, and cow dung to create environments at once magical and mundane. Their inventiveness with visual language and investments in ordinary materials are a legacy of Subramanyan's teaching, writing and art-making.
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Pilobolus is named after a phototropic fungus that Jonathan Wolken's father was studying in a lab at the time of the company's inception. The fungus grows on cow dung and propels itself with extraordinary strength, speed and accuracy. Pilobolus was founded by a group of Dartmouth College students in 1971. It has long been based in Washington Depot, Connecticut with offices in New York City and Belgium. The company tours domestically and internationally, performing works from its over 100-piece repertory as well as new pieces, created at a pace of about two per year.
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The dining room is usually perpendicular to these rooms; the bedrooms flank the courtyard, and the kitchens and service areas are at the rear of the house. In the case of two-story houses, a staircase, either from the foyer or the dining room, leads to more bedrooms. Consisting of humble burnt earth plastered over with cow dung and hay, or with elaborate patterns made with tiles imported from Europe, the floors in Goan houses have been both workplaces and statements. Almost all Goan houses have a false ceiling of wood.
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These include dipping the seeds in cow dung emulsion, smoking the seeds before storage, or hot water treatment. Once the seeds are properly treated, the farm land in which they are to be planted must be thoroughly dug or ploughed by the farmer to break up the soil. After the soil is sufficiently ploughed at least 3-5 times, water channels are made 60–80 ft apart to irrigate the crop. The next step after farmers ensure soil is well suitable for planting and growing is planting the rhizome seed.
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The dining room is usually perpendicular to these rooms; the bedrooms flank the courtyard, and the kitchens and service areas are at the rear of the house. In the case of two-story houses, a staircase, either from the foyer or the dining room, leads to more bedrooms. Consisting of humble burnt earth plastered over with cow dung and hay, or with elaborate patterns made with tiles imported from Europe, the floors in Goan houses have been both workplaces and statements. Almost all Goan houses have a false ceiling of wood.
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Although the floor art of the western Himalaya region, comprising Jammu and Himachal Pradesh, is called likhnoo, it is also called chowk or chowka poorna. According to Tadvalkar (2011),Ephemeral floor art of India history tradition and continuity.Researcher: Tadvalkar, Nayana in the mountainous region, it is common for women to draw "folk paintings on the floors, thresholds, walls, grain stores, ritual places etc." The process involves sweeping the floor and then plastering it with cow-dung which, once it begins to dry, is then smoothed with a round stone.
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505-524 accessed: 14 January 2008 By 1795 the former Templar mills were being used for preparing lead. Sheets of lead were placed in clay pots and submerged in urine, then heated by decaying cow dung. The process converted the lead to lead oxide, and it was then finely ground to form a pigment for white, yellow and red lead paint. A new watermill was established on the marshes by Prince Rupert for an improved method of boring guns, however the secret died with him in 1682 and the enterprise collapsed.
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The most popular genre is hip hop, with a blend of dancehall, rap, ragga, R&B; and dance-pop. alt=Photograph depicting a bowl shaped off-white woven basket with tall conical lid and black zigzag pattern Traditional arts and crafts are produced throughout the country, although most originated as functional items rather than purely for decoration. Woven baskets and bowls are especially common. Imigongo, a unique cow dung art, is produced in the southeast of Rwanda, with a history dating back to when the region was part of the independent Gisaka kingdom.
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Ziemann and his group arrived in Nágpúr on March 27. Throughout this trip, he preached in Hindustání to locals and gave out Bible sections. He also learned the Mahrathí language there and preached to public audiences daily from 6 am-12 pm and sometimes, locals would throw mud and cow-dung at him. He was forbidden from preaching in October and therefore left Nágpúr on November 1, arriving back at Chupráh in January 1845, where he studied the local language, preached, visited village-schools and spent time with orphans.
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He also found local clay deposits and began experiments to determine how the ancient pottery was made. Unlike pottery revivals in Arizona and New Mexico, which depended on the help of experts, Quezada revived Paquimé pottery all on his own. For example, he found that vessels of pure clay were too brittle and after studying the edges of the broken old pottery, he discovered the use of sand and other coarse material as a temper. He also discovered that dried cow dung made an excellent, inexpensive firing fuel.
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In the ritual, people go to the jungle accompanied by groups of drummers and cut one or more branches of the Karam tree after worshiping it. The branches are usually carried by unmarried, young girls who sing in praise of the deity. Then the branches are brought to the village and planted in the center of the ground which is plastered with cow-dung and decorated with flowers. A village priest(called Pahan) offers germinated grains and liquor in propitiation to the deity who grants wealth and children.
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Eugénie became ill with tuberculosis and in winter 1846 moved into the so-called Hofküche directly behind the Villa Eugenia, since it could be better heated. Her doctors gave her odd treatments, including the inhalation of fumes from cow dung and the burning of moxa sticks on her chest. Due to the risk of spreading the disease, she could only see her husband rarely, and even then only at a distance. In summer 1847 she set off to seek a cure at the Badenweiler spa, but on the return journey she died at the Hotel Post in Freudenstadt on 1 September 1847.
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Mahlangu follows a local tradition through which this particular type of painting technique is handed down in the family, communicated, learned and transmitted only by women (in the past). These paintings are closely connected with the ancient tradition of decorating the houses on the occasion of the rite of passage for boys. Between 18 and 20 years of age, the youth of the tribe go to "a school of circumcision", the ritual that confirm their passage to adulthood. To celebrate this event the women completely repaint the inside and the outside of their houses with a preparation of cow dung and natural pigments.
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Teach Moling (St Mullin's in Co. Carlow), and Moling harbored him after hearing the madman's story. It might be noted that earlier, Suibhne had sung a stave predicting this place to be the place where he would meet his demise, and likewise, the Saint also knew this to be the madman's resting place. As Suibhne attended Moling's vespers, the priest instructed a parish woman employed as his cook to provide the madman with a meal (collation), in the form of daily milk. She did so by emptying milk into a hole she made with her foot in the cow dung.
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10th Annual Proceedings of the History of Medicine Days According to Michael D. Parkins, sewage pharmacology first began in ancient Egypt and was continued through the Middle Ages, and while the use of animal dung can have curative properties, it is not without its risk. Practices such as applying cow dung to wounds, ear piercing, tattooing, and chronic ear infections were important factors in developing tetanus. Frank J. Snoek wrote that Egyptian medicine used fly specks, lizard blood, swine teeth, and other such remedies which he believes could have been harmful. Mummification of the dead was not always practiced in Egypt.
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Families usually kept a few cows, sheep and hens, along with a single horse and pig. They grew a variety of crops such as oats, potatoes, hay and turnips, obtained water from wells and used horses to meet their transportation needs.Ritchie, p. 10 As well as agricultural exports, they also exported flagstones from the island and imported peat to burn as fuel; they were dismissive of the practice in some of the Orkney Islands of using cow dung as fuel, referring to the northern island of Sanday as "the little island where the coos shit fire".
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The south east of Rwanda is noted for imigongo, a unique cow dung art, whose history dates back to when the region was part of the independent Gisaka kingdom. The dung is mixed with natural soils of various colours and painted into patterned ridges, forming geometric shapes.Briggs and Booth (2006), pp. 243-244 Otherart and crafts include pottery/ceramic, painting and wood carving are made mostly by artist students from Ecole d'Art de Nyundo, the unique school of art Rwanda had from 1959 until today, wherever they are another different institutions who are trying to train visual and audio arts in this days.
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Travelers gathered and ignited dried cow dung to cook their meals. These burned fast in a breeze, and it could take two or more bushels of chips to get one meal prepared. Those traveling south of the Platte crossed the South Platte fork at one of about three ferries (in dry years it could be forded without a ferry) before continuing up the North Platte River Valley into present-day Wyoming heading to Fort Laramie. Before 1852 those on the north side of the Platte crossed the North Platte to the south side at Fort Laramie.
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According to a paper published by Michael D. Parkins, 72% of 260 medical prescriptions in the Hearst Papyrus had no curative elements.10th Annual Proceedings of the History of Medicine Days According to Michael D. Parkins, sewage pharmacology first began in ancient Egypt and was continued through the Middle Ages. Practices such as applying cow dung to wounds, ear piercing and tattooing, and chronic ear infections were important factors in developing tetanus. Frank J. Snoek wrote that Egyptian medicine used fly specks, lizard blood, swine teeth, and other such remedies which he believes could have been harmful.
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The legume vine Mucuna pruriens is used in the countries of Benin and Vietnam as a biological control for problematic Imperata cylindrica grass: the vine is extremely vigorous and suppresses neighbouring plants by out-competing them for space and light. Mucuna pruriens is said not to be invasive outside its cultivated area. Desmodium uncinatum can be used in push-pull farming to stop the parasitic plant, witchweed (Striga). The Australian bush fly, Musca vetustissima, is a major nuisance pest in Australia, but native decomposers found in Australia are not adapted to feeding on cow dung, which is where bush flies breed.
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Gale Publishing Similarly, the Haryana Review (1981) states that artists plaster the mud walls with cow-dung which is then whitewashed. Lines are then drawn which create symbolic paintings representing "profit, fortune and prosperity".Haryana Review (1981) The Lalit Kala Akademi reported in 1968 on how artists in North India draw paintings noting that some artists "have a special gift for depicting colourful scenes from the epics: some work only in very fine line work in black ink and sindhur (rose-madder)". In the same publication, the prevalence of wall art on the festival of Sanjhi is described.
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The 461 nests inside were built on elm wood boards, some of brick and clay, mixed with straw and cow dung. The clay for building nests in the dovecote and for building the village's wattle and daub houses came from clay pits in Biddenham village. It is not known when the dovecote ceased to be used for its original purpose. After falling into disrepair, it was restored in 1932 with advice from Sir Albert Richardson, a leading English architect, and teacher and writer about architecture during the first half of the 20th century, who lived in Ampthill in Bedfordshire.
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Among the initial allegations reported in the Mail on Sunday on 12 August 2017 were that seventeen instructors from the Army Foundation College, having taken their trainees to battle camp in Kirkcudbright, had pushed cow dung into the recruits' mouths, held their heads under water, and kicked and punched them repeatedly during bayonet training. The recruits concerned were aged 17; the instructors were all corporals or sergeants, and included veterans of the Afghanistan War and Iraq War. The instructors faced 40 charges of battery, actual bodily harm and other ill- treatment. All the accused denied any wrongdoing.
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Certain prophets of the Old Testament who exhibited signs of strange behaviour are considered by some scholarsGorainoff I. Les Fols en Christ... Р. 15–16; Saward J. Dieu a la folie. P. 15. to be predecessors of "Fools for Christ". The prophet Isaiah walked naked and barefoot for about three years, predicting a forthcoming captivity in Egypt ; the prophet Ezekiel lay before a stone, which symbolized beleaguered Jerusalem, and though God instructed him to eat bread baked on human waste, ultimately he asked to use cow dung instead ; Hosea married a harlot to symbolize the infidelity of Israel before God .
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After many difficulties, Bhaskaran, with the support of Nallathambi, establishes a tutorial for Class X students. Nallathambi goes and gets money from Velpandi, a local don, who signs an agreement that if his son Paalpandi does not pass in his exam, he will take Nallathambi's property and make him work in his cow dung place. Velpandi reveals his family history: his father, in his Class X examination, forced his teacher to write the exam. Velpandi, during his exam, wrote only four words in his paper with a billhook symbol, blackmailing the teacher into making him pass or risk being killed.
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Cow dung provides food for a wide range of animal and fungus species, which break it down and recycle it into the food chain and into the soil. In areas where cattle (or other mammals with similar dung) are not native, there are often also no native species which can break down their dung, and this can lead to infestations of pests such as flies and parasitic worms. In Australia, dung beetles from elsewhere have been introduced to help recycle the cattle dung back into the soil. (see the Australian Dung Beetle Project and Dr. George Bornemissza).
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Historically, the Paravars were involved in sea-related activities such as pearl diving, fishing, navigation, boatbuilding and the making of salt. It is known that during the visit of Francis Xavier the Paravars were using two different types of boat for net fishing, which he called the vallam and the toni. The latter was also used for trips to other coastal settlements and for trading journeys as far away as the Maldives. They were both large, open vessels with masts as well as oars; the sails were made with cotton, stiffened by boiling with roots and cow dung, and the fishing nets were made from coconut fibre.
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The sage worships Shiva with bilva leaves and Bhasma. Then he appeals to Shiva to enlighten him on the norms of the Tripundra and thus acquire emancipation. He asks Shiva to let him understand the process of making Bhasma, what and how many hymns to be chanted while preparing it, when and how to apply it, and who are the people seeking it. At the dawn hours, states the text, cow dung should be gathered and placed on the leaves of Aswattha tree (sacred fig), dried by any process of heat by uttering the Triyambaka mantra; then lit up to produce the sacred ash.
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Sheela Gowda (born 1957 in Bhadravati, India) is a contemporary artist living and working in Bangalore. Gowda studied painting at Ken School of Art, Bangalore, India (1979) pursued a postgraduate diploma at Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, India (1982), and a MA in painting from the Royal College of Art in London in 1986. Trained as a painter Gowda expanded her practice into sculpture and installation employing a diversity of material like human hair, cow-dung, incense and kumkuma powder (a natural pigment most often available in brilliant red). She is known for her 'process-orientated' work, often inspired by the everyday labor experiences of marginalized people in India.
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In the creation myth recorded by Harry Johnston, Kintu appears on the plains of Buganda with a cow which was his only possession and he fed on its milk and cow dung before being rewarded bananas and millet from the sky god, Ggulu. Before his encounter with Ggulu, Kintu meets a woman named Nambi and her sister who had come from the sky. They first take his beloved cow to Ggulu to prove his humanness and to seek Ggulu's permission of his admission into the sky. Once arriving in the sky, Kintu's humanness is tested by Ggulu through five consecutive trials, each one trickier and more difficult than the last.
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Today, Shashthi continues to be worshipped on the sixth day of each of the twelve lunar months of the Hindu calendar, as well as on the sixth day after childbirth in the lying-in chamber where the birth has taken place. Shashthi is worshipped in a different form in each of these lunar months as the deities Chandan, Aranya, Kardama, Lunthana, Chapeti, Durga, Nadi, Mulaka, Anna, Sitala, Gorupini or Ashoka. In North India, Shashthi is worshipped at childbirth and puberty, and during marriage rites. When the pregnant woman is isolated during childbirth in the lying-in chamber, a cow-dung figure of the goddess is traditionally kept in the room.
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Cathedral Square, protesting the loss of regional democracy in Canterbury Sam Mahon has become involved with preventing water pollution in the Canterbury Region and is using art to highlight the issue. In late October 2009, Mahon made a bust of Environment Minister Nick Smith out of dairy-cow dung in order to publicise the campaign to stop the Hurunui River from being dammed for irrigation. He later sold the sculpture on online auction website Trade Me, where he described the sculpture or the subject as "light and hollow and highly polished". In March 2010, the National Government passed legislation that saw elected members of Environment Canterbury replaced with government-appointed commissioners.
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Mainly in rural and mountainous areas of the country, where people often have no ventilation in the home due to cold outdoor temperatures, they tend to use solid and biomass fuel. Almost 64% of indoor cooking is done with firewood, and 10% of households burn cow dung due to lack of improved stoves, gas for cooking, and better ventilation. This is a major problem to cause environmental health issues like conjunctivitis, upper respiratory irritation, and acute respiratory infection. In Kathmandu, ambient air pollution due to construction projects, the high population which results in an increased number of vehicles, and bad conditions of the road lead to hazardous pollution Skolnik, Richard.
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She would often receive help from either her husband or her children. The firing had to be done early in the morning on a clear, calm day when wind would not hinder the process. They started by carefully placing all of the pots to be fired in a fire pit, and then covered them carefully with broken pieces of pottery and aluminum sheets or any metal scraps they could find. In order to allow ventilation to keep the fire burning, they left small spaces uncovered, after which they meticulously surrounded the homemade kiln with cow chips - very dry cow dung - used to fuel the fire, careful to leave the vents free.
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Oral history describes an incident wherein Andrianjaka and Ralambo were engaged in the defense of Ralambo's capital at Ambohidrabiby, which was threatened by the advance of Antsihanaka warriors.Piolet (1895), p. 208 Andrianjaka reportedly suggested an innovative defensive tactic to annihilate the enemy by filling the town's hadivory (defensive trenches) with cow dung and rice husks, lighting it on fire, and covering the smoldering embers with burnt rice stalks so that the area resembled a patch of land recently re-cleared for planting through tavy (slash and burn agriculture). The enemy troops reportedly marched into the trap, sinking into the embers and burning or suffocating to death.
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Founded on 2 October 1932 in Kwatta, Wanica District, S.C.S. Jai-Hind was named after the Indian patriotic battle cry "Jai Hind" (Hindi: जय हिन्द) by the local villagers of Hindustani descent. The club is mostly made up of farmers from the small village who originally played on a cow field, where the cows would need to be chased away before each match and the cow dung removed. The maintenance of the playing field was kept up by the players themselves, who would use hewers to cut the grass. The team players are all farmhands who spend their days getting up early, milking the cows, working on the fields and coming home to rice, beans and mud fish.
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A natural loss of a cattle from untimely death can cripple a poor family, and thus slaughtering a creature so useful and essential is unthinkable. According to Harris, India's unpredictable monsoons and famines over its history meant even greater importance of cattle, because Indian breeds of cattle can survive with little food and water for extended periods of time. According to Britha Mikkelsen and other scholars, cow dung produced by young and old cattle is the traditional cooking fuel as dung-cakes and fertilizer in India. The recycling substitutes over 25 million tons of fossil fuels or 60 million tons of wood every year, providing the majority of cooking fuel needs in rural India.
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McKenna cites other cultures who use and venerate psychedelic plant- drugs in religious ceremonies such as at Chavin de Huantar, Peru. Gordon Wasson, who initially suggested that the soma plant was A. muscaria, described Psilocybe cubensis as "easily identified and gathered" in India, and eventually hypothesized, along with McKenna, that P. cubensis was perhaps the true identity of soma. McKenna and Wasson both unsuccessfully attempted to use A. muscaria to achieve a state of consciousness conducive to the development of a religion. The 9th mandala of the Rigveda suggests that the cow is the embodiment of soma, which provides support for McKenna's theory because P. cubensis is known to grow in cow dung.
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His yearning for a spiritual awakening at this point can be gauged by the fact that he started to dispose all his money to the poor and the remaining he just threw. He liked a particular sweet dish, so he bought it, kept it in front of Lord Ram's idol and then mixed cow dung in it and ate it. Now he could not even think about the dish he once liked so much. On the day of departure to Sajjangad, Which also coincided with Vijayadashmi, he suddenly felt that he was going there to find out the creator of the universe who had control over the living, nonliving things and also time and space.
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The first gobar (cow dung) gas-fired power plant (25 MW) in Landhi Bhains Colony is on the cards. This will not only take care of a part of the colony's dung - turning a negative feature into a positive one - but also yield 1,500 tons of natural fertilizer daily. The project will resolve a significant environmental problem and simultaneously produce badly needed electricity in the city of Karachi, which is an immediate and pressing need. The importance and scale of the project is underscored by the inauguration of the project by H.E. Mr. Phil Goff, Minister for Trade of the Government of New Zealand together with the Karachi City Nazim, Syed Mustafa Kamal.
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The natural watercourse passes to the east over the Middlesex Filter Beds Weir, just below Lea Bridge Road. A nature reserve occupies the former Middlesex Filter beds on the island between the two watercourses. By 1795, the former Templar mills were being used for preparing lead (submerged in urine, and heated by decaying cow dung, the lead was converted to lead oxide, and then finely ground to form a pigment for white, yellow and red lead paint). A new watermill was established on the Crown land of the marshes by Prince Rupert for an improved method of boring guns, however the secret died with him in 1682 and the enterprise collapsed.Granger's Biographical History, vol. ii. p. 407. 4to. edit.
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Well contented with their hilltop, they spent the next few months in a hut made of bamboo and plaited palm leaves with no facilities, no furniture, and a floor covered simply with cow dung. While the centre of their lives was the prayer of the Church and celebration of its feasts and mysteries, they had to find a way of supporting themselves, so they soon started a dairy farm with cattle imported from Jersey. On 6 August 1968, Fr. Francis took Indian citizenship. Later the same month Fr. Bede, after ten years in Kristiya Sanyasa Samaj,Kurisumala Ashram, left for Shantivanam with two brothers, Br. Anugrah and Br. Ajit, to take over that ashram from Swami Abhishiktananda.
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The Śrī Sūkta describes Śrī as glorious, ornamented, royal, lustrous as gold, and radiant as fire, moon and the sun. She is addressed as the bestower of fame, bounty and abundance in the form of gold, cattle, horses and food; and is entreated to banish her sister alakṣmī (misfortune), who is associated with need, hunger, thirst and poverty. The hymn also associates Śrī with (agrarian) fertility and she is described as the mother of Kārdama (mud), moist, perceptible through odour, dwelling in cow dung and producing abundant harvest. The Śrī Sūkta uses the motifs of lotus (padma or kamala) and elephant (gaja) – symbols that are consistently linked with the goddess Śrī-Lakṣmī in later references.
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Shelter covered in cattle dung for waterproofing As a historically nomadic and then semi-nomadic people, the Maasai have traditionally relied on local, readily available materials and indigenous technology to construct their housing. The traditional Maasai house was in the first instance designed for people on the move and was thus very impermanent in nature. The houses are either somewhat rectangular shaped with extensions or circular, and are constructed by able-bodied women. The structural framework is formed of timber poles fixed directly into the ground and interwoven with a lattice of smaller branches wattle, which is then plastered with a mix of mud, sticks, grass, cow dung, human urine, and ash.
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By 2019, The Netherlands entered a nitrogen emission crisis as the RIVM reported that the severely damaging effects of nitrogen on Dutch soil could only be halted by direct action. The institute found that farmers were responsible for 46% of the countries' nitrogen emission, mostly due to cow dung produced by the livestock industry. This led Tjeerd de Groot, a member of the House of Representatives for D66, to propose new policy to halve the current Dutch livestock on September 9, 2019. The RIVM's findings coupled with De Groot's policy proposal led to resistance by Farmers Defense Force, a farmer activist group. It claimed that the institute had used “shady methods” to ”portray” farmers as big time polluters.
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In 1977, during the BBC documentary Pathway to the Gods, Uschuya produced an Ica stone with a dentist's drill and claimed to have produced a fake patina by baking the stone in cow dung. That same year, another BBC documentary was released with a skeptical analysis of Cabrera's stones, and the new-found attention to the phenomenon prompted Peruvian authorities to arrest Uschuya, as Peruvian law prohibits the sale of archaeological discoveries. Uschuya recanted his claim that he had found them and instead admitted they were hoaxes, saying "Making these stones is easier than farming the land." He engraved the stones using images in books and magazines as examples and knives, chisels and a dental drill.
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In a recent innovation, following the planting practice in Israel, adopted in India by the National Council of Research in Banana (NCRB), the spacing of plants has been modified into a triangular pattern which can now accommodate 1,710 plants instead of earlier 1,210 plants per acre which is said to have increased the yield by about 20 tons per acre. Planting is done during August/September, and before planting, the suckers are dipped in cow dung water overnight to prevent any diseases to the plant. Desuckering operation is carried out at an interval of 45 days and the total time taken from planting to harvesting is about 18 months. There are no "pre or post harvest techniques" for its preservation.
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Citation error. See inline comment how to fix. The jangam always wear the Ishtalinga held with a necklace.Citation error. See inline comment how to fix. The Istalinga is made up of small blue-black stone coated with fine durable thick black paste of cow dung ashes mixed with some suitable oil to withstand wear and tear. The Ishtalinga is a symbolism for Lord Shiva.Citation error. See inline comment how to fix. It is viewed as a "living, moving" divinity with the devotee. Every day, the devotee removes this personal linga from its box, places it in left palm, offers puja and then meditates about becoming one with the linga, in his or her journey towards the atma-linga.Citation error. See inline comment how to fix.
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Biodigesters convert organic wastes such as food waste, human waste and animal waste into nutrient rich liquid fertilizer and biogas (thus a renewable fuel made up primarily of methane). A biodigester is made up of a bag or tank that holds the organic 'wastes' over a period in which bacteria breaks down the organic matter and produces biogas. Biogas is used as a replacement for kerosene, firewood, or any other combustible fuel source used in the developing world such as cow dung. Biodegesters thus produce renewable energy, cut down on odors and pathogens in organic materials, reduce surface and groundwater contamination, improve indoor air quality and provide a source of high quality organic fertilizer as a byproduct—that has been shown to improve crop yields and decrease fertilizer costs.
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The museum commissioned artists David Tremlett and Anne and Patrick Poirier to transfigure the mechanical digesters "into a sign" mixing allegorical symbols with botany, thereby creating "a work of evolutionary land art".Cow Dung Goes High Style New York Times Style Magazine Luca Cipelletti was the principal architect. Within the Gazzola Castelbosco, exhibit spaces are designed to reinforce the themes, beginning with the museum's repeated use of the dung beetle the Egyptian's considered the scarab to be divine as a symbol of the heavenly cycle and of the idea of rebirth or regeneration and to provide proof that shit "is a useful and living material". Thus, it combines historical references (including Pliny's Naturalis Historia) to point out that waste and recycled materials can be the basis for a better civilization.
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For three months abscesses formed, and other incisions were made; my strength was prostrated; the knee stiff and alarmingly bent, and walking was impracticable. Many cures were attempted by the natives, who all sympathized with me in my sufferings, which they saw were scarcely endurable; but I had great faith – was all along cheerful and happy, except at the crises of this helpless state, when I felt it would have been preferable to be nearer home. The disease ran its course, and daily, to bring out the accumulated discharge, I stripped my leg like a leech. Bombay (an interpreter) had heard of a poultice made of cow-dung, salt, and mud from the lake; this was placed on hot, but merely produced the effect of a tight bandage.
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In 1971, the portion on which the farmstead is situated was bought from the Kruger family by the Simon van der Stel Foundation which painstakingly restored the various buildings to their former glory. Built in a neat row, the buildings bear witness to his sense of order and symmetry. Simple building methods and materials are evident, such as rough beechwood lintels, cow dung, peach pip and blood floors and roof beams fastened by dowels and leather thongs. Period furniture and authentic wallpaper have been recreated by craftsmen in Europe; Kruger's rifle is on show - possibly the one with which he killed a lion at the age of 14 - together with one of his many bibles and the bellows organ, played by his wife Gezina, plus many gifts given to him by visiting state dignitaries.
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The statues are made using the technique of wax casting and the cast can be of two types - solid and hollow cast. Solid wax casts are traditionally used and the model of the required image is cast as a mould filled with wax, made by mixing pure bee wax with resin from the Platanus orientalis and ground nut oil in the ratio 4:4:1. The wax pattern is coated with three layers of clay known as investment with each layer made from different clay. The first coat about 3 mm thick is made when fine loam or alluvial soil collected from the Kaveri river bed finely ground with charred paddy husk mixed with cow dung, the second layer by mixing clay from paddy fields with sand and the third layer being a mix of coarse sand with clay.
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This has not been sustained by subsequent investigations. Alternatively Mark Merlin, who revisited the subject of the identity of soma more than thirty years after originally writing about itMerlin, Mark, Man and Marijuana, (Barnes and Co, 1972) stated that there is a need of further study on links between soma and Papaver somniferum. (Merlin, 2008)Merlin, M., Archaeological Record for Ancient Old World Use of Psychoactive Plants, Economic Botany, 57(3): (2008) In his book Food of the Gods, ethnobotanist Terence McKenna postulates that the most likely candidate for soma is the mushroom Psilocybe cubensis, a hallucinogenic mushroom that grows in cow dung in certain climates. McKenna cites both Wasson's and his own unsuccessful attempts using Amanita muscaria to reach a psychedelic state as evidence that it could not have inspired the worship and praise of soma.
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Worship through beauty, New Delhi: APH Publishing Corporation, 2005 The early tradition of preparing sanjhis made of cow dung and flowers, which is still practiced in the villages, has been taken up by the Vaishnava temples around the 15th/16th centuries and developed into a highly sophisticated art form practiced by specially trained Brahman priests. "Artist couple from UP bring Sanchi art to Udupi", Deccan Herald, 1 August 2011 The major type of temple sanjhi is prepared from dry colors upon an octagonal earthen platform symbolizing an eight-petalled lotus. The heart (hauda) of the design constitutes the seat of the divine couple, the sanctum sanctorum; from here, an intricate layout of artfully interlocked diagonal patterns enables the expansion of divinity towards the eight directions. The worship of a mystic design as in sanjhi is rooted in early Hinduism and Tantrism, and has obvious parallels in Vajrayana and Mahayana Buddhism.
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The slab hut had been previously relocated to Mount Brown where it had been used as a feed shed but in 1968 was slated for demolition to make way for the southern freeway. Instead members of the society were given permission to dismantle it and reassemble it at the museum. Ken Thomas completed the building of the hut in 1979, including installing a cow dung floor.Herben, 2014 A 'blacksmith's shop' was built by Ken and Don Thomas between 1971 and 1972 on the premises using historic timbers obtained in 1967 from the demolition of Goldena Cottage at Marshall Mount near Dapto, the original home of the Adam and Sarah Denniss family dating from the c.1850s ('Timeless Wollongong', Wollongong Advertiser 31 August 2011, quoted in Herben, 2013, 031) On 24 August 1974 the society celebrated the opening of a "colonial kitchen" built into the former 1885 Battery Room.
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At one meeting pimps threw cow dung at her; at another, the windows of her hotel were smashed, while at a third, threats were made to burn down the building where she was hosting a meeting. The Home Secretary, Henry Bruce, who set up a Royal Commission in 1871 to examine the Contagious Diseases Acts At the 1870 Colchester parliamentary by-election the LNA fielded a candidate against the Liberal Party candidate Sir Henry Storks, a supporter of the Acts, who had implemented a similar regime when he commanded the British army in Malta. Butler held several local meetings during the campaign; during one, she was chased by a group of brothel owners. The presence of the LNA candidate split the Liberal vote and allowed the Conservative Party candidate to win the seat; Butler considered that "it proved to be somewhat of a turning-point in the history of our crusade".
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Throughout the ban, domestic beef farmers and local activists opposed re-opening of the market to U.S. claiming that American beef would cause mad cow disease.Beef farmers full of worry over future When the Lotte Department Store attempted to sell US beef in July 2007 during the Roh Moo- hyun administration, local activists stormed the meat counters and hurled cow dung at department store workers, abruptly terminating the resumption of sales.Beef sales bring out a storm of protests When President Lee Myung-bak assumed office in February 2008, it was widely expected that he would relax the ban on US beef as part of the process of ratification for the South Korea – United States Free Trade Agreement concluded by his predecessor, Roh Moo- hyun. Lee Myung-bak's attempt to reopen the Korean market to US beef along with protests against the Free Trade Agreement led to the country's largest anti-government protests in 20 years.
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The traditional Kipsigis housing plan is a product of the Kipsigis/Kalenjin heritage and the cultural transitions of the Kalenjin. To begin with, the immediate household consisted of grass- thatched huts with conical roofs which sometimes had a pointy pole at the top (to imply if the homestead had a father/husband still alive); and the walls were made of mesh of vertical wood poles and horizontal branches and then filled with a sludge of wet soil, which after it dries, white clay is used as decoration and sometimes, red ochre. For the floor, women make a sludge of cow-dung and clay soil and spread it on the floor evenly. The homestead huts included the main hut, a hut for unwed initiated men and boys (bachelors among the Kipsigis are explicitly guys who have passed about 40 and are still single, unwed initiated youth instead are not regarded as bachelors), a makeshift hut for initiated women (occasionally).
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While at Pithoragarh, Baker found his English construction education to be inadequate for the types of issues and materials he was faced with: termites and the yearly monsoon, as well as laterite, cow dung, and mud walls, respectively, Baker had no choice but to observe and learn from the methods and practices of vernacular architecture. He soon learned that the indigenous architecture and methods of these places were in fact the only viable means to deal with local problems. Inspired by his discoveries (which he modestly admitted were 'discoveries' only for him, and mere common knowledge to those who developed the practices he observed), he realized that unlike the Modernist architectural movement that was gaining popularity at the time denouncing all that was old just because it was old didn't make sense. Baker adopted local craftsmanship, traditional techniques and materials but then combined it with modern design principles and technology wherever it made sense to do so.
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The average family income in India was $6,671 per household in 2011.Table 3.4, World Consumer Income and Expenditure Patterns – Annual Household Income Euro Monitor International (2013) According to 2011 census data, India has about 330 million houses and 247 million households. The household size in India has dropped in recent years, the 2011 census reporting 50% of households have four or fewer members, with an average 4.8 members per household including surviving grandparents. These households produced a GDP of about $1.7 trillion. Consumption patterns note: approximately 67% of households use firewood, crop residue or cow-dung cakes for cooking purposes; 53% do not have sanitation or drainage facilities on premises; 83% have water supply within their premises or from their house in urban areas and from the house in rural areas; 67% of the households have access to electricity; 63% of households have landline or mobile telephone service; 43% have a television; 26% have either a two- or four-wheel motor vehicle.
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After receiving his doctorate from the University of Innsbrück in Austria, Bornemissza fled central Europe to escape the post-World War II Soviet regimes and travelled to Western Australia, where he arrived on 31 December 1950. Six months after arriving on Australian shores, while working with the Department of Zoology at the University of Western Australia,Collis, B (2002) Fields of Discovery: Australia’s CSIRO, pub. Allen & Unwin, Australia, ch. 2, p 46, he remarked upon the large number of old, dry cow dung pads that covered cattle grazing fields near Wooroloo, Western Australia \- Riley, Kathy (July 2009), Beetle Mania, Australian Geographic and compared this to the relatively dung-free cattle fields of his native Hungary. In Hungary and elsewhere in the world, dung beetles have adapted to be able to roll and bury large, moist cattle dung pads but native Australian beetles, which co-evolved alongside the marsupials, were not able to utilise bovine dung, since cattle were only relatively recently introduced to Australia in the 1880s.
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The Guru's original name was Rudraswamy. During the course of his travels across Southern India, he met one of the other reincarnated Ganadheeshwaras, Sri Kempaiah Swamy, who had forgotten his original purpose of life and was caught up in the mundane pleasures, problems and desires of human life. With the intent to enlighten Kempaiah Swamy, Rudraswamy sat in meditation on a big mound of refuse and cow dung (referred to as ‘Thippe’ in the local languages). This foul smelling mound was intended to be composted for use as a fertilizer in the fields and such mounds can be seen even today in the fields of rural India. Since the ‘Thippe’ was along the path that Kempaiah had to take to reach his fields, he could not help but notice the divine looking Sadhu seated on the foul heap of refuse. Slowly other passersby too noticed this Sadhu and began referring to him as ‘Thippe’ swamy – the Swamy who was seated on the mound.
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The mountain and the whole area show several examples of megalithic art, for the most part small monuments which are common on the Atlantic basin of the Basque Country, dating from the Neolithic and Bronze Age. 34 stone circles, four dolmens, three cists and two menhirs can be found locally, dating from the megalithic era. The menhir of Eteneta on the rear slopes of Adarra According to the anthropologist Jose Miguel Barandiaran, legend states that the Basque mythological giant Sanson got angry with a crowd of people dancing in Arano, so he intended to kill them. Yet when he was about to hurl a stone at them from the mountain Buruntza, he slipped on cow dung and the stone fell short on this spot, resulting in the current stone of Eteneta The ancient remains of a man buried with a dog and lamb were unearthed in a local cavern, dating from around 4,000 BC. The surroundings of the cavern are currently somewhat in a poor condition due to a polluted stream nearby.
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