" Circular A-4 also states that a systematic identification of all of the costs and benefits that are associated with a forthcoming regulation should include "non-quantitative and indirect costs and benefits.
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The SEC could begin by weighing the costs and benefits of the rules that the PCAOB oversees, like SOX 85033, and the costs and benefits of day-to-day enforcement and inspection activity.
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Within cities the balance of costs and benefits favours NIMBYs.
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The FMCSA measured the costs and benefits of the rule.
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It also matters how costs and benefits are distributed — i.e.
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Now let's compare the costs and benefits in four areas.
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There are also reputational costs and benefits associated with CRA.
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That this has costs and benefits is almost beside the point.
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The calculation of both costs and benefits inevitably involves some guesswork.
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"Calculating the conservation costs and benefits is not sufficient," he wrote.
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Let us look at the costs and benefits facing potential immigrants.
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"We don't fully understand the costs and benefits," Dr. Duboscq said.
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Antitrust has never been just about costs and benefits or fairness.
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The following examines the costs and benefits of joining the clubs.
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The tradeoff between costs and benefits still matters for new drugs, too.
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But it's worth looking at the costs and benefits of that decision.
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The Olympics offer different costs and benefits for different kinds of athlete.
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Dr. Duboscq is interested in the costs and benefits of social behavior.
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But some tariffs remain, providing a reminder of the costs and benefits.
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That has allowed researchers to examine the real-world costs and benefits.
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The discount rate is how economists value costs and benefits across time.
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The issue over the mercury rule has focused on costs and benefits.
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Because the technology is so new, the costs and benefits aren't clear yet.
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Each firm has to make a trade-off between the costs and benefits.
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Dividing a policy's costs and benefits between men and women can be hard.
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Regulation inherently requires tradeoffs between costs and benefits, possible advantages versus potential harms.
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In truth, the costs and benefits of Basel III were never actually tabulated.
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Let me take a moment to explain the distribution of costs and benefits.
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It really came down to the cold, hard weighing of costs and benefits.
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And each regulatory change should be evaluated based on its costs and benefits.
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New demands for water and electricity changed the calculus of costs and benefits.
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What do you think the costs and benefits would be to your retirement?
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What is more, the costs and benefits are radically uncertain and unevenly distributed.
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The ease of creating and accessing media has had obvious costs and benefits.
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Like the 2017 Republican tax bill, all bills distribute costs and benefits to taxpayers.
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The costs and benefits of mating decisions are highest when you are most fertile.
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It's about having sensible environmental and regulatory policy that properly assigns costs and benefits.
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It's based on a real misreading of the costs and benefits of US leadership.
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They didn't weigh the costs and benefits or wage any internal battle with themselves.
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For starters, there is the awkward question of the distribution of costs and benefits.
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What we are seeing in Georgia today is a mismatch between costs and benefits.
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Mess around with those costs and benefits enough, and the thing can come crashing down.
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Indeed, economists often work on the basis that tangible costs and benefits outweigh subjective values.
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In every instance, these actors weigh the political costs and benefits of support and opposition.
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Membership has been evaluated in terms of costs and benefits, not as an emotional commitment.
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Survivors weighing expected costs and benefits of reporting may reasonably decide not to do so.
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Much of the debate is over how to measure the costs and benefits of regulations.
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Consequently, Americans are misled about the costs and benefits of people owning and carrying guns.
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In this, he tried to calculate the costs and benefits of decarceration in financial terms.
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Have an open and honest discussion about the costs and benefits of our diversity programs.
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But animal behavior often doesn't fit neatly into an economic accounting of costs and benefits.
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A recent academic study, however, is illuminating on the costs and benefits of 404 exemptions.
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As it happens, though, we know something about the costs and benefits of federal regulations.
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But this has to be weighed against the costs and benefits of other therapeutic forms.
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Israel must judge whether Russia will permit such actions, and gauge the costs and benefits accordingly.
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The German emphasis on training and the British preference for flexibility both have costs and benefits.
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Sonny Liew's brilliantly inventive "The Art of Charlie Chan Hock Chye" weighs those costs and benefits.
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EVANS SAYS HE IS OPEN-MINDED ON BALANCE SHEET COMPOSITION, NEED TO WEIGH COSTS AND BENEFITS
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Judge Collyer also said that regulators should have weighed the costs and benefits of the designation.
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Among other things, it includes a bold estimate: the aggregate costs and benefits of federal regulations.
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Compiling costs and benefits, it turns out, is not a path to influence for a judge.
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Political leaders must take a hard look at the costs and benefits of social distancing interventions.
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Equitable access to higher education is an issue that requires careful assessment of costs and benefits.
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But Tuesday's fast-moving events underscored the potential costs and benefits in a striking new way.
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This shows exactly why weighing the costs and benefits of crime-fighting policies is so important.
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In a recent post, I laid out the costs and benefits Republicans would face in impeaching Trump.
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A second difficulty is that the costs and benefits of immigration fall on different levels of government.
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Increasing economic risks are complicating the BOJ's task of balancing the costs and benefits of its policy.
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Weighing the costs and benefits of a return to graduate school can itself require an advanced degree.
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This office oversees the methodology that agencies use to count up costs and benefits for new rules.
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I recently reviewed the research on the costs and benefits of Airbnb's rapid expansion in recent years.
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But the Green New Deal largely dispenses with analysis of the costs and benefits of climate policy.
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But the Senate bill would repurpose those same tools to reverse the flow of costs and benefits.
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But when you line up the costs and benefits, he argues, there probably was more at play.
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A more balanced assessment of the costs and benefits of good and bad moods is long overdue.
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It also looked at changes year by year to see how costs and benefits accrued over time.
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I don't think it has any basis in economic reasoning about the costs and benefits of trade.
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The Justice Department faced similar questions of social costs and benefits with AT&T in the 1950s.
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Yet for the moment, it appears Xi is still weighing the potential costs and benefits of intervening.
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Another headline captured; another opportunity to think seriously about the costs and benefits of European standards passed up.
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And how will all of these potential costs and benefits balance out — a net gain or net loss?
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The costs and benefits depend on which interests lawmakers are keeping in mind as they write the bills.
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Removing the cost will drive a wedge between the costs and benefits of pursuing education in different fields.
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But she also said the BOJ must carefully assess the costs and benefits of its ultra-loose policy.
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Costs and benefits were then added up to a single "net present value" (NPV) for the Roadless Rule.
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Policymakers debated the costs and benefits of the third round of purchases that had begun in September 2012.
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Bush's EPA was accused of withholding an important report on the costs and benefits of air pollution regulations.
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Analysts say the city-state is weighing the costs, and benefits, of staging the event in the future.
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As a result, the costs and benefits of sweeping new rules like these would be harder to assess.
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And proof of this link is an important consideration when weighing the costs and benefits of Sarbanes-Oxley.
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It's the old story of costs and benefits of building America on the backs of cheap immigrant labor.
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A proper consideration of tax regulations, however, requires an entirely different way of looking at costs and benefits.
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Naturally, assessing the future costs and benefits of any action is subject to uncertainties — perhaps very large uncertainties.
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The vast majority of these costs and benefits come from eight regulations from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
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Their objective is to compel North Korea to reconsider the costs and benefits of its nuclear missile programs.
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On an economic level, the costs and benefits of America's global security guarantees prove rather difficult to calculate.
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The CCC did not calculate a payoff from developing better governance; its costs and benefits are hard to estimate.
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"Investments must be subject to continuous assessment of their costs and benefits," transport minister Grant Shapps said on Wednesday.
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British attitudes towards immigration once again appear untethered to a rational assessment of the costs and benefits of migration.
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However, it's still a useful tool in estimating the costs and benefits of different ways to fight climate change.
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Whatever its level, that number needs to be fed into a reckoning of the costs and benefits of speed.
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One provision would require that the Congressional Budget Office review and approve the costs and benefits of proposed rules.
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Every defendant, of course, must weigh the costs and benefits of settling rather than litigating claims they consider dubious.
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It examined the costs and benefits of linking up America's three big grids into a single, functional national grid.
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A vigorous debate is taking shape between affected industries over the costs and benefits of this border adjustment provision.
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"Women are entirely capable of weighing the costs and benefits of different health choices" on their own, she says.
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For more than a decade the think-tank has assessed the global costs and benefits of different development schemes.
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The plan would allow private health insurers to offer Medicare plans if they meet requirements on costs and benefits.
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It's at this new equilibrium where the rubber meets the road in assessing the costs and benefits of regulation.
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It reduces: Adding up all the costs and benefits of distributed solar is a difficult and somewhat subjective undertaking.
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Hundreds of think pieces followed, debating the costs and benefits of "postponing procreation" in the name of professional advancement.
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The tactical gameplay requires you to think a few steps ahead, balancing the costs and benefits of each move.
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The report tallies agency analyses of the costs and benefits of regulations issued between October 2014 and September 2015.
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Several years ago, Brinton began comparing the costs and benefits of composting food with those of anaerobically digesting it.
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However, to my knowledge, there was no comprehensive analysis of the total social costs and benefits of the policy.
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Honolulu, Hawaii just passed a moratorium on monster homes while a committee investigates the costs and benefits to community.
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There are costs and benefits of being stashed, and—unsurprisingly—it isn't always a great deal for the stashee.
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Locals worried about jobs and wages, and fretted that the costs and benefits of the change would be unfairly distributed.
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Monogamous relationships are just one potentially valid option among many, all of which have risks and rewards, costs and benefits.
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Even setting aside matters of personal conscience, the costs and benefits for bosses of sitting alongside the president have changed.
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Yet new research reveals that for many, the short-term costs and benefits are more finely balanced than textbooks assume.
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If you have to borrow, weigh the costs and benefits of all the options available to you, La Spisa said.
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Patiently, the panellists set out the costs and benefits of receiving a few hundred refugees in Twin Falls each year.
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The Obama Administration studied the potential costs and benefits of a preventive war intended to destroy North Korea's nuclear weapons.
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The decision is a result of bank's ongoing evaluations of the costs and benefits of serving different industries, he said.
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It would perversely change the proper calculation of costs and benefits for setting future public health and environmental regulatory standards.
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So privacy advocates should carefully weigh the costs and benefits of Apple's decision for both the company and its customers.
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Utility is an economic concept used to analyze the costs and benefits of different goods and services for different people.
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It may be comforting to believe that politics is driven by more or less rational considerations of costs and benefits.
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If they had, negative attitudes about the costs and benefits of going to the moon might have been far different.
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Deterrence works when a person makes a rational calculation of the potential costs and benefits of a course of action.
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Organizations need to weigh the costs and benefits of investing in the practices required to protect and sustain critical assets.
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Recently, a former Facebook executive encouraged me to think of our internet model as a proposition with costs and benefits.
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On Thursday, the EPA issued a notice that it's planning to revise how it evaluates costs and benefits in making regulations.
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"EPA is constantly evaluating approaches to improve transparency and communicate uncertainty regarding costs and benefits of its regulatory actions," Hewitt said.
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Politicians' choices are almost always the result of analyzing the costs and benefits a given option would have for those constituencies.
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Walloons, it seems, were in this case all too aware of the possibility of an unequal distribution of costs and benefits.
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RAND, a non-partisan think-tank, has spent two years assessing the costs and benefits of the postwar order for America.
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But the same paper sadly notes "greater debate and uncertainty" among Americans about the costs and benefits of that leading role.
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"In guiding monetary policy, the BOJ must thoroughly scrutinize the costs and benefits of its policy from various perspectives," she said.
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So when academics look at the costs and benefits of various types of infrastructure, what projects do they find most valuable?
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For children with ADHD or anxiety or depression, parents and doctors have to weigh the costs and benefits of pharmacological intervention.
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Above all, new regulations should take into account the costs and benefits, as well as the potential effects, on small businesses.
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The decision is a result of the bank's ongoing evaluations of the costs and benefits of serving different industries, he said.
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But for all the Games' pomp and circumstance, academic literature is unequivocal about the costs and benefits of hosting the event.
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But we try [to] weigh the costs and benefits and do it in a way that is cathartic for our readers.
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Roughly speaking, discount rate measures how we value future costs and benefits — how much we discount them relative to present investments.
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Being smart and reasonable about the costs and benefits of every strategy decision is critical to winning wars against all enemies.
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We use aggression as a tactic both within and between groups, and we do so cautiously, weighing the costs and benefits.
|
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Rather than just provide a tutorial in media economics, Professor Krueger schools us in the costs and benefits of creativity itself.
|
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Some state governments and local think tanks have prepared estimates of the costs and benefits of Medicaid expansion in their region.
|
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She has hinted at launching a review of the ECB's tools and policy framework to weigh up their costs and benefits.
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She said agencies would need to study the costs and benefits of deregulation, just as they would do before proposing regulation.
|
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The Democrats said the Labor Department failed to provide a quantitative analysis of the costs and benefits of the rule change.
|
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Corporate decisions are driven by the balance of costs and benefits, and the benefits of offshoring are typically large and enduring.
|
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By rewriting the way costs and benefits are evaluated, Mr. Wheeler's proposal threatens regulations governing a host of other environmental poisons.
|
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Agencies are only required to report the costs and benefits of regulations with an economic impact of $2628 million or more.
|
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One thing that's been missing, however, is a comprehensive prospective analysis, projecting the total costs and benefits of RPSs going forward.
|
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That seemingly trivial step converts exhortation about treating women fairly into the coin of government: costs and benefits, and investments and returns.
|
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If Washington's picking up the tab, there's no reason [for states and local governments] to worry too much about costs and benefits.
|
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They have insight into different liabilities — they are the ones best set up to gauge the costs and benefits of different actions.
|
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But unlike pollutants such as carbon dioxide, electricity markets have internalized the external costs and benefits of reliability to a significant extent.
|
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The beneficial ownership provision in this legislation requires, at a minimum, more study by the GAO to weigh its costs and benefits.
|
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In the 1960s, Becker proposed that every human's decisions are based on the economic costs and benefits of his or her actions.
|
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The EPA announced in December it will change the way it evaluates costs and benefits for the mercury and air toxics rule.
|
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She also said the government should have analyzed costs and benefits to MetLife, the likelihood it would fail and possible counterparty losses.
|
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Now, put aside accidents, and still, there are many other costs and benefits that smart transportation systems will be asked to manage.
|
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Problem is, such a high discount rate makes far-future costs and benefits — the kind found in climate models — all but worthless.
|
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But it cannot tell us whether the problem is worth solving, or how to weigh the costs and benefits of solving it.
|
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Among those moves are a science "transparency" proposal and plans to reconsider how EPA calculates the costs and benefits of new rules.
|
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The costs and benefits of each new project will need to be weighed on a case-by-case basis, according to Sovacool.
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The Choice Act also requires an analysis after five years of how regulations actually turned out in terms of costs and benefits.
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Mester also mentioned that the Fed is studying the potential costs and benefits of a digital currency issued by a central bank.
|
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Weighing the costs and benefits of a government shutdown In the midst of the government shutdown, there is a looming humanitarian crisis.
|
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The tax partnership between the federal and local levels of government deserves some attention here, because of the asymmetry of costs and benefits.
|
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This issue of the costs and benefits of computing one's way through life, he said, has been largely overlooked in biology so far.
|
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It only happens when the costs and benefits are genuinely, 100 percent even — or when the politician is done trying to build power.
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It's just, let's stipulate, being foolish, or it's refusing to attend to costs and benefits, or it's in the grips of interest groups.
|
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While the court largely backed the CFTC, it required the commission to address costs and benefits of some of its cross-border rules.
|
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A recent report from the Brookings Institute concluded that net metering "benefits all ratepayers when all the costs and benefits are accounted for".
|
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Over the years, the EPA and Office of Management and Budget have issued studies of the costs and benefits of clean air regulations.
|
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If applied to all clean air rules, the redefinition of costs and benefits could eliminate health-based limits on dozens of toxic emissions.
|
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Judge Kavanaugh is upfront about this and states that his approach rules out any "examination of costs and benefits" in the dissenting opinion.
|
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The new paper underscores a broader rethinking among economists of the costs and benefits of policies aimed at encouraging industrial competition across borders.
|
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A rational pursuit of resilience would follow Sowell's formula to analyze alternatives, assess costs and benefits and apply objective and widely accepted science.
|
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The Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association trade group called for the OMB to conduct a comprehensive analysis of potential costs and benefits.
|
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Those OMB reports on the costs and benefits of regulations can still be found on another government website that archives Obama-era documents.
|
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The federal government has long recommended discount rates of 3 percent and 7 percent for valuing costs and benefits across a single generation.
|
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Instead, he's opted to change how the EPA weighs costs and benefits in environmental regulations, tipping the scales in favor of weaker rules.
|
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Now, the Wisconsin Department of Administration has requested a reassessment of the costs and benefits to the state regarding the far-tinier facility.
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"At the end of the period, a review could assess the costs and benefits to determine if this exemption should be made permanent."
|
|
What's missing from the complex analyses of overall costs and benefits is a simpler consideration of how individual customers respond to solar pricing.
|
|
This version of Donald Trump is a thoughtful policymaker who carefully weighs costs and benefits and pushes policy in a more rational direction.
|
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When it comes to making such short-term sacrifices, most of us don't rely on a cold, rational analysis of costs and benefits.
|
|
CNBC Make It spoke with Charlie Javice, founder & CEO of online FAFSA platform Frank, to break down the costs and benefits of each option.
|
|
Analyses by OMB, which is tasked with weighing the costs and benefits of new significant rules, often find that regulations are a net good.
|
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There is not much holding it up apart from the institutions we build, which themselves rest on a fine balance of costs and benefits.
|
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Private insurance will not be eliminated under the plan proposed Monday, though it will have to adhere to "strict" requirements on costs and benefits.
|
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"It will be about the costs and benefits of having the very low and negative deposit facility rate that we have today," Coeure said.
|
|
" Brock T. Jolly, CFP and partner with Veritas Financial, said people don't understand "the trade-offs between costs and benefits and the fine print.
|
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The Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association has called for the OMB to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the rule's potential costs and benefits.
|
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The Bank's review will look at the costs and benefits of having longer redemption periods for funds holding assets that are hard to sell.
|
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The process required to enact an AUMF would also provide for a public debate on the costs and benefits of a U.S. military role.
|
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We watch characters constantly consider the costs and benefits of their work and the effects it has on their personal lives and mental states.
|
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A Brookings Institution policy brief investigated the trade-offs between costs and benefits of pushing back the start times of high school in 2011.
|
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Without addressing the perceived inequities in the distribution of costs and benefits from new regulations, climate action will continue to face strong domestic opposition.
|
|
With solar pricing policies up for debate in many states, a growing array of studies have compared the costs and benefits of net metering.
|
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In any calculation about possible future costs and benefits, economists use a "discount rate," whereby we value future benefits less than present-day benefits.
|
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And of course, as the researchers repeatedly acknowledge, each state contemplating an RPS will need to do more customized analysis of costs and benefits.
|
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It was the conclusion of a tortured primary season, in which Ryan spent months weighing the costs and benefits of aligning with his party's nominee.
|
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Businesses are well aware of their marginal costs and benefits—how much it costs to produce an additional unit of output versus the incremental gain.
|
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"The Trump Administration is providing regulatory certainty by transparently and accurately taking account of both costs and benefits," said an EPA statement on the proposal.
|
|
He sensed that voters are more than adding machines, weighing the costs and benefits of this stale tax plan or that tired promise of help.
|
|
During this part of the ritual, I wonder whether I should share my story, consider the costs and benefits of tearing myself open once again.
|
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But it is also because voters will be influenced not by a cool calculation of costs and benefits but by their general view of Europe.
|
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BHP said the association's policy conflicted with its view that energy markets should be fuel- and technology-neutral and take into account costs and benefits.
|
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Unfortunately, the poor and misleading analyses underlying energy and fuel efficiency regulations issued during his presidency undermine a legacy of objectively balancing costs and benefits.
|
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At minimum, the politicization of pandemic makes it even harder to evaluate the costs and benefits of the radical policy prescriptions currently on the table.
|
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Because people may ignore the positive spillovers when weighing the costs and benefits, too few people will get vaccinated, unless the government somehow promotes vaccination.
|
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A more complex set of models than the one we used would be necessary to incorporate the other costs and benefits of repealing Dodd-Frank.
|
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Rudd commissioned a study of the costs and benefits of European immigrants to the U.K. economy to come from the country's independent Migration Advisory Committee.
|
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But if the economic expansion falters, the administration is likely to come under pressure to reconsider the costs and benefits of its aggressive trade policies.
|
|
Just ask the Germans and the Russians whether our numerous Polish uprisings against their diktats were based on a calculus of immediate costs and benefits.
|
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This proposal would formalize the SEC's attempt at balancing costs and benefits at the PCAOB, and do so in an ongoing and more transparent way.
|
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In the early 1990s, it ranked medical procedures according to their costs and benefits, and Medicaid uses this list to decide which services to cover.
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Putting costs and benefits into perspective As for costs, we need strategic patience, and it is fundamentally wrong to talk about costs of $7 trillion.
|
|
Back in 2007, a federal judge ordered the Department of Transportation to take climate change into account when weighing the costs and benefits of new regulations.
|
|
When governments set uniform wage regulations, they require all companies—each with their own and distinct marginal costs and benefits—to abide by the same rules.
|
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And while scientists wrestle with the long term costs and benefits, there are other ways to help more people here in the US give up cigarettes.
|
|
When machines were replacing agricultural labor in the early 20th century, people weren't debating the costs and benefits to society of becoming a social media manager.
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And it's very easy to sit here and say: Oh, people should take the costs and benefits into account and they should really do something calculated.
|
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The extremist right-wing media, having become fair-weather friends of dynamic scoring, are creating misleading headlines about costs and benefits associated with the DREAM Act.
|
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This special report will consider what the private sector is providing that the state is not, and look at the costs and benefits of its growth.
|
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Bringing back extinct species should be treated like any other conservation program — a case-by-case assessment within the context of long-term costs and benefits.
|
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"We will allow private insurers to offer Medicare plans as part of this system that adhere to strict Medicare requirements on costs and benefits," writes Harris.
|
|
Such data as we have suggests that agencies do err — sometimes in understating and overstating both costs and benefits — without a systematic skew toward benefits understatement.
|
|
At the same time, there are areas where the Trump administration has been less careful in consideration of costs and benefits than it ought to be.
|
|
So NREL ran modeling on four different plans for a national transmission system and assessed their costs and benefits from the period of 280 to 215.
|
|
"In particular, it will be about the costs and benefits of having the very low and negative deposit facility rate that we have today," Coeure said.
|
|
Banking sector researchers say small companies may be reluctant to hedge because of a lack of knowledge about the choices, costs and benefits available to them.
|
|
" Addressing critics who argue that higher capital requirements would keep banks for lending and hurt the economy, Kashkari said, "This is about analyzing costs and benefits.
|
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When looking at the costs and benefits to society of a regulation, it makes little sense to ignore certain benefits because of how they are labeled.
|
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And in his version of events, behaviors once considered 'uneconomic'— the pathology of crime, or the romance of love — reflect the calculus of costs and benefits.
|
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The focus should be about other costs and benefits of the political status options for both Puerto Rico and the American people, including all Puerto Ricans.
|
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Evaluate Costs and Benefits Help students develop a thorough understanding of the issue through an exploration of the advantages and disadvantages of the Dakota Access pipeline.
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In any given situation, we should allow our children to weigh the costs and benefits of engaging in it, perhaps even helping them with the calculation.
|
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But to save it—to save all our beaches—I understand that we must talk of the costs and benefits associated with these sand-filled margins.
|
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And the significant majority of costs and benefits from EPA come from the Clean Power Plan issued in 2015 to regulate carbon emissions from power plants.
|
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Of course, he could weigh the costs and benefits and recognize that what matters most to workers in South Carolina and other states is job creation.
|
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This approach is useful in considering the costs and benefits of regulation, but it has significant downsides, especially if you're comparing across countries as GiveWell is.
|
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His successor is vowing to look at the "costs and benefits" of negative rates, while others are critical that re-starting quantitative easing is too aggressive.
|
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And with Ian Little, also of Oxford University, he developed a new method of analysing costs and benefits that ended up being widely used in development work.
|
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If you're trying to figure out whether something is worth doing, you could really go deep into the weeds trying to capture all the costs and benefits.
|
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You should also work with a fee-only financial planner to evaluate the pluses and minuses and work through the costs and benefits of several policy enhancements.
|
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The Administrative Procedure Act outlines a robust process for changing regulations which requires an analysis of the costs and benefits that would have to justify the changes.
|
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In the end, Republican and Democratic members of Congress have to account for and measure out the costs and benefits of having more or less open borders.
|
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Instead, we should carefully examine the costs and benefits of each regulation (as agencies are already required to do) and continually improve our ability to do so.
|
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Research organizations would use the data to help policymakers gain insights on program costs and benefits, ultimately informing how much taxpayers are spending to accomplish intended outcomes.
|
|
Amazon's scale comes with great opportunity, and risk, for business owners who should consider the costs and benefits carefully before determining where Amazon fits in their strategy.
|
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Will the next White House take an aggressive posture on imposing new regulations or adopt a more cautious approach that requires the costs and benefits to align?
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Many behavioral economics studies have found that people are present-biased, meaning that their behavior reflects greater concern for the present rather than future costs and benefits.
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But NATO is not a golf club, and money, the only thing Mr. Trump prizes, is just one, narrow measure of the costs and benefits of belonging.
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With more clarity about the true nature of the threats on the ground, aid programs could be subjected to a more stringent analysis of costs and benefits.
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And yet, like any choice, from a psychologist's perspective, there are costs and benefits to keeping yourself and your loved ones in the dark on your prognosis.
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Another House poison pill rider would prevent EPA from assessing the economic impact of climate change in estimates of costs and benefits of its science-based rules.
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Speaking at parliament's lower house financial committee, Kuroda also said the BOJ would weigh costs and benefits if the central bank were to deploy additional easing steps.
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Budget overruns are common in the history of Olympics hosting and Pyeongchang has once again ignited the debate over the costs and benefits of organizing the games.
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Both Duflo and Banerjee are immigrants themselves, and economic disputes over the costs and benefits of immigration and trade have become incredibly politically contentious in recent years.
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As companies and governments gain new abilities to follow people across the internet and around the world, the costs and benefits of technological advances are becoming clearer.
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While it's easy to think of people as coolly rational, weighing political costs and benefits, the truth is that things are a bit more complicated than that.
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Sure, there are cross-cutting issues where there will be potential costs and benefits associated with each choice, but usually the bottom line favors one choice over another.
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Cook said, and elaborated on in his book Paying the Tab: The Costs and Benefits of Alcohol Control, that this neglect of alcohol policy doesn't match the evidence.
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Choosing to be open about my life has brought me joy, but everyone needs to conduct a personal assessment of the potential costs and benefits of coming out.
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But recent research into the environmental costs and benefits and some tough-to-ignore market realities have even the most ardent of recycling fans questioning the current system.
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Coeure said any options available to the ECB came with both costs and benefits but that would not stop the bank from using them to fulfill its mandate.
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Rather they should be guided by empirical evidence, rigorous analysis of regulatory costs and benefits and basic economic principles taught on every college campus across the country together.
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On April 18th its study of the costs and benefits of European Union membership concluded that Brexit could reduce GDP after 15 years by as much as 6.2%.
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The CEA report confines itself, explicitly, to questions of costs and benefits: whether locking so many people up for so long is an efficient way to reduce crime.
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Weighing the costs and benefits of diverse projects is astute, and not only for poor countries like Bangladesh or Haiti (next in line for the Copenhagen Consensus treatment).
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The commission, which makes the forecasts three times a year, may update its estimates about the costs and benefits of the ongoing large-scale migrations to European nations.
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"Reasonable people can differ on the costs and benefits of exploring whether maximum employment really corresponds to a lower unemployment rate than we are seeing now," he said.
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"If a decision is going to be implemented immediately, we just care about the immediate consequences, and we discount the long-term costs and benefits," Dr. VanEpps said.
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In addition, the judges asked Mr. Scalia about whether it was the job of the regulatory council to estimate the potential costs and benefits of the SIFI label.
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Also, when considering the costs and benefits, we should keep in mind that Google's funding is finite so its allocation is more zero-sum than is generally acknowledged.
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Adding to the controversy is the Labor Department's failure to include a numerical analysis of the costs and benefits of the rule when it formally released the proposal.
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This past June, Scott Pruitt, who was the E.P.A.'s administrator at the time, called for a new way of calculating the costs and benefits of environmental regulations.
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We have each studied overseas deployments of US military personnel for nearly a decade and have recently come together to research the costs and benefits of such deployments.
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In a paper published in Nature Ecology & Evolution this month, the researchers concluded that the biodiversity costs and benefits almost never come out in favor of de-extinction.
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But any federal law aimed at reducing state incarceration rates must confront the fact that criminal justice costs and benefits are scattered across agencies at every level of government.
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As instructed, agencies would need to systematically estimate both the potential costs and benefits of a proposed rule, including those impacts that might be indirect or hard to quantify.
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Innovations in vaccines, for example, have saved millions of lives … We should not decide against the use of a tool before potential costs and benefits can be fully evaluated.
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Some policymakers suggested the Fed should discuss the costs and benefits of new tools for reducing demand for reserves parked at the U.S. central bank, according to the minutes.
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"Without access to the restricted data, regulatory programs could become more or less stringent than they otherwise would be, with consequences for both regulatory costs and benefits," they said.
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The report suggests that immigration is not a clear-cut issue in which one side is right and the other wrong, but that there are both costs and benefits.
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Creating a bipartisan consensus on this topic may be difficult given the current political climate, but Congress could consider the potential costs and benefits of the following steps: 85033.
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It also said costs and benefits for each country should be outlined and that each should allocate financial support proportional to the benefits they could expect from the project.
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As we start a new legislative cycle with new congressional balances, we need to rack and stack priorities, risks, costs and benefits with rational thought, not just restating fears.
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That report argued there wasn't enough research to evaluate the costs and benefits of a federally mandated policy that often leads to lost educational opportunity for emotionally underdeveloped youths.
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We constantly weigh costs and benefits with thought experiments to imagine what the consequences of different choices might be, and emotion experiments to imagine how different outcomes would feel.
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That's where Priority Private Care, with its care center on the Upper East Side, saw an opening for a clientele familiar with the costs and benefits of concierge medicine.
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That critical process would vet scrupulously the intelligence indicating an imminent threat and examine thoroughly both the costs and benefits for American goals in the region of the action.
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Instead, they're more like other forms of redistribution, with costs and benefits that have to be weighed against one another, and against other ways to design a safety net.
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But new data Tuesday shows the complexity of the costs and benefits of trade — and how reducing the trade deficit, if not done right, could leave Americans worse off.
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EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt issued a notice that the agency intended to repeal the Clean Power Plan, which it said relied on controversial calculations of economic costs and benefits.
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At the same time, the House passed a bill requiring the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, the country's derivatives regulator, to assess the costs and benefits of proposed regulations or orders.
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So while companies inside and outside Britain would want to continue to do cross-border business, their ability to understand the costs and benefits of that would be highly impaired.
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Meanwhile, he's continuing to run up the score for Trump, most recently changing how the EPA measures costs and benefits to favor less regulation in various areas, including climate change.
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Britain is consumed by fundamental arguments: about the role of the nation-state in a global economy; about the costs and benefits of immigration; and about the merits of capitalism.
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And most crucially, says Susan Sherman at Johns Hopkins University, one of the authors of a report on the costs and benefits of such sites, they connect people to recovery.
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He proposed a public infrastructure bank, to be staffed by technocrats who would appraise the costs and benefits of capital projects and put some money behind the ones they approved.
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In multiple conversations, Podesta and other Clinton aides debated specific wording of various statements, weighed the political costs and benefits of actions and even consulted each other on Twitter posts.
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Ultimately, policy leaders and subject matter experts (humans), together with input from public and private stakeholders, should always make the final decisions as to which costs and benefits outweigh others.
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There's still a lot we don't know about vaping's personal and public health costs and benefits, because it just hasn't been around long enough for the experts to find out.
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The White House regulations website was down Monday, and a number of reports on the costs and benefits of regulations from the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) had disappeared.
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"Like it or not, those who adopted the 21st Amendment took the view that reasonable people can disagree about the costs and benefits of free trade in alcohol," Gorsuch wrote.
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A 2013 California law requires local governments to publish the details of any tax incentive over $100,000, along with an analysis of costs and benefits, and to hold a hearing.
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Given that there are both costs and benefits of relinquishing some of our privacy when using the internet, maybe we should focus on how to make privacy policies more understandable.
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DEREGULATION COST-BENEFIT If it makes sense to require a systematic analysis of the costs and benefits of any new regulation, it makes equal sense when looking at removing regulation.
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First in line would be an administrative change that seeks to reduce public-sector costs and benefits and to make it easier to fire workers, analysts in the poll said.
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It's not a policy undergirded by an especially rational analyses of the costs and benefits—it's guided by a sense that appliances used to be better, along with everything else.
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A former coal industry lobbyist, Mr. Wheeler recently proposed a revision to the way the government evaluates the costs and benefits of regulating mercury emissions and, more broadly, air pollution.
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Currently, the method used by the US government to calculate the future costs and benefits of policies (including climate policies) is a fixed discount rate, pegged to market interest rates.
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He drummed up some research money, then spent a few years conducting feasibility studies, looking for a likely site in the Ruhr Valley and running the numbers on costs and benefits.
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A December draft report from the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) showing the costs and benefits of EPA regulations was removed from Trump's site and relegated to President Obama's archives.
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Over the longer term, the debate about costs and benefits diverges even more, fueled by deep uncertainty about technology, economic growth and whether other countries will similarly act to cut emissions.
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"Given the unsatisfactory progress with this voluntary approach, the Commission will shortly launch an impact assessment study to evaluate costs and benefits of different other options," Vestager said in an Aug.
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It has said that the Labor Department, which has also faced criticism from the Securities and Exchange Commission for its proposal, did not conduct an adequate analysis of costs and benefits.
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As Miller notes, the accounting is for 85033 major rules — those with an annual economic impact of $100 million or more — that agencies have calculated both monetized costs and benefits for.
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I spoke with Sadik-Khan, who now leads the urban transportation group NACTO, about her career as an urban planner and about weighing the costs and benefits of protected bike lanes.
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"Like it or not, those who adopted the 21st Amendment took the view that reasonable people can disagree about the costs and benefits of free trade in alcohol," Justice Gorsuch wrote.
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The government's tabulation of the costs and benefits needs to weigh the consequences for the people who work in the plants against the benefits for the people who own the plants.
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What they did: MIT researchers compared costs and benefits of state policies called renewable portfolio standards (RPS) in Ohio, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin and other states — and the effects of making them tougher.
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In this lesson, students will explore the issue of water access, examine how desalination presents a potential solution, and finally, weigh the costs and benefits of various approaches to water scarcity.
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This continual harassment is the tool that can be appropriated by stakeholder activists, those subject to the external costs (and benefits) of corporate activity even if they aren't direct holders of equity.
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It also asks the agency to examine costs and benefits of a new regulatory structure that could replace the current money transmission system, which some in the industry have argued is inefficient.
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The agency also started changing how it calculates the costs and benefits of environmental regulations, limiting what counts as harmful and defining "benefits" narrowly, a move favored by industries like chemicals manufacturers.
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The economic costs and benefits of Trump's plan "will all depend on how wide the new brackets are and how large the standard deduction is under the revised tax plan," Greenberg said.
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Indeed, at her confirmation hearing, Trump's nominee to lead the White House Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Neomi Rao, agreed that agencies should consider both the costs and benefits of deregulation.
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The plan would allow private health insurers to offer Medicare plans if they meet requirements on costs and benefits, according to a preview of the plan provided to Reuters by her campaign.
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Instead, the Department of Energy is contemplating the use of "emergency" authorities that would forgo markets, fail to balance costs and benefits, and address only a small part of the resilience puzzle.
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It may be enough that he is forcing conversations — about news media misbehavior, about the costs and benefits of higher education, about the shape of future societies — that we need to have.
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I borrow this concept from political scientist James Q. Wilson's classic The Politics of Regulation, in which he tries to explain regulatory politics in terms of these patterns of costs and benefits.
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And when Mr Trump seeks to bring them about with a wrecking ball aimed at allies and global institutions, what is the balance of costs and benefits to America and the world?
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" The report noted that though the possibility of a Skynet-like human extinction event is low, "many supporters believe it merits attention because of the extreme nature of its costs and benefits.
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Waters said the proposal was made without consultation on costs and benefits or impact on markets, and that ESMA and the Commission had not shown how existing delegation rules were not working.
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To see how this advice might improve our current budget process, consider the information requirements for good budgeting: The amount available for spending and the costs and benefits of each considered alternative.
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Sanders doesn't really say anything about the costs and benefits to immigrants themselves — whether that's people who've been living illegally in the United States or potential future guest workers — one way or another.
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He also seemed to imply that global warming could be a net positive for humanity, which is flat out wrong when considering all the costs and benefits of different regions of the world.
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Based on a population of 8.5 million, they compared the direct and indirect costs and benefits of building those additional miles of bike lanes versus maintaining the status quo before they were built.
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"A separate body, formed under the FSB, could be convened to meet, when and as needed, to consider updates to UTI technical guidance, including costs and benefits of such updates," notes the FSB.
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"The facts are that the Obama administration's estimates and analysis of costs and benefits was, in multiple areas, highly uncertain and/or controversial," an anonymous EPA spokesperson told VICE News in an email.
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At the same time, though, it's not that the administration is soberly tallying up monetary costs and benefits of refugee resettlement and clucking its tongue because the balance ends up in the negative.
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Amamiya, a nominee for one of the two BOJ deputy governor posts, told a confirmation hearing in parliament's lower house that the bank would scrutinise the costs and benefits in guiding monetary policy.
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When it comes to embellishing corporate earnings, managers weigh the costs and benefits: mainly the probability and consequences of getting caught in an accounting scandal against the potential for a higher stock price.
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While we cannot completely eliminate these trade-offs, we can make thoughtful decisions about how the costs and benefits of an algorithm are distributed across groups, particularly populations that already face widespread discrimination.
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Amamiya, a nominee for one of the two BOJ deputy governor posts, told a confirmation hearing in parliament's lower house that the bank would scrutinize the costs and benefits in guiding monetary policy.
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"If you are unable to weigh the costs and benefits and integrate or remember contexts in which the similar situation has gotten you into trouble, you are less likely to inhibit that behavior."
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Focusing on the story of the efforts of the mayor and the townspeople of Jean Lafitte allows the reader to understand the costs and benefits of flood protection on a very personal level.
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But Stoltenberg showed that, unlike the President, he won't let Russia off the hook so easily, while acknowledging that the costs and benefits of the partnership are more nuanced than a balance sheet.
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And this column is not meant as comprehensive accounting of costs and benefits, even though questions about the costs to employers, the potential for misallocation of resources, or other concerns need to be addressed.
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A draft of the memo, which was obtained by CNBC, had instructed the Labor Department to push back the effective date by 180 days and conduct a review of the rule's costs and benefits.
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This is significant because it's often difficult to tell whether "partner fidelity" in animal relationships is due to the immediate costs and benefits of helping each other, or due to some shared relationship history.
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We're safer with leaders who think through the costs and benefits of different options, including ones that may take time to have their effects, such as sanctions, containment, and other forms of soft power.
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"If they are serious about it, let's hear what the reasons are, what the rationale is, what the arguments are, whether they have lined up what the costs and benefits will be," he said.
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His research includes studies of the economics of early care and education including costs and benefits, the long-term effects of preschool programs on children's learning and development, and the distribution of educational opportunities.
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The Census Bureau tries to smooth out some of these differences with what it calls a measure of "supplemental poverty," which adds many of those other costs and benefits to the standard poverty rate.
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He stirred up momentum for the idea in Albany by convening a panel known as a wage board to study the potential costs and benefits of such a big increase in entry-level wages.
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Like other economists, I also focus on the numbers and have automatic questions about costs and benefits, but more importantly, how different pieces of this gigantic policy would interact with and impact each other.
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The complexity of approval and funding processes causes local politicians to either delay projects as they lobby for federal funding or to "overpromise and underdeliver" on costs and benefits to push a project through.
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Once the proposed rollbacks of vehicle and power plant rules are finalized, environmental groups and states like California plan to sue, including on the process that the administration used to tally costs and benefits.
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Say the US-China trade war contributes to a downturn: To many administrations, it would be worth weighing the costs and benefits of a trade dispute, even if they did ultimately stay the course.
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In most cases, they do manage to jigger the costs and benefits around so that there is at least a subset of the population — young, healthy, non-poor people — who end up better off.
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While most of us were enjoying the holidays and opening our presents, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) belatedly released its required annual report to Congress on the costs and benefits of regulations.
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Fetherstonhaugh has also argued that the museum's expansion actually increased the value of the apartments and that residents can't "pick and choose" the costs and benefits of living next to London's second most-attended attraction.
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COSTS AND BENEFITS The United States consumed 3.4 billion barrels of gasoline and 1.5 billion barrels of distillate fuel oil in 2018, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration ( "Petroleum Supply Monthly," EIA, March 2019).
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COSTS AND BENEFITS The United States consumed 3.4 billion barrels of gasoline and 1.5 billion barrels of distillate fuel oil in 2018, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration ( "Petroleum Supply Monthly", EIA, March 2019).
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And the issue of control is connected to that, in that the more control end users have over their own data, the more they're able to make informed choices in weighing the costs and benefits.
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Although the CBO's projections have not been perfect — no forecasts ever are — the CBO has provided vital information to policymakers who would otherwise lack an understanding of the probable costs and benefits of their actions.
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The White House on Friday quietly released its annual draft report to Congress on the costs and benefits of regulations and the results show that major rulemakings over the past decade have yielded great benefits.
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An extensive discussion of the costs and benefits of Medicare-for-all failed to include any conversation about abortion rights, even though abortion coverage is a key part of the health care plans of Sens.
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Many of the would-be borrowers gathering in Beijing this weekend are likely to carefully scrutinize the costs and benefits of Chinese loans; some may be poor, but that doesn't make them unaware or unsavvy.
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Of course, if real war, or even serious attacks on Americans, result from the Soleimani killing, things could change, though the distribution of the political costs and benefits of such horrific outcomes is equally murky.
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"It's a wonderful moment for the first country to evaluate the costs and benefits of metallic mining and say no," said Andrés McKinley, a mining and water specialist at Central American University in San Salvador.
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Since there is no monetary value attached to thoughts or prayers, the researchers assessed their value by looking at their willingness to pay (WTP), which measures the monetary value of the perceived costs and benefits.
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Once all its costs and benefits are netted out, the bill can raise rates for residential customers no more than 25 cents a month, and for businesses no more than 1.3 percent above 2015 rates.
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HAMBURG (Reuters) - German container group Hapag-Lloyd is on course to achieve better earnings and further reduce debts this year as it cuts costs and benefits from merger savings in an improving shipping industry, it said.
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Julie Shah, another researcher at MIT, has been analysing the costs and benefits of robot over- and under-communication, and is using that information to design algorithms which can decide when and what communication is appropriate.
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Theoretically, if the tax is set at the correct social cost of the externality, the market becomes more efficient, with better information; it inexorably finds the "right" level of pollution, based on full costs and benefits.
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Chief Justice John Roberts, writing for an 8-0 court, said that the lower court should consider whether the agency's assessment of the "costs and benefits" of a critical habitat designation on private land was flawed.
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It's also looking at whether to adjust the reporting of the costs and benefits of revised rules if a subsequent analysis suggests the impacts weren't adequately analyzed or if the impacts are different than originally expected.
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Many people involved in defense policy think about waterboarding in terms of its costs and benefits — and have decided that whatever dubious benefits it has for intelligence gathering aren't worth its costs, such as losing credibility.
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Consumer Bureau Director Kathy Kraninger has also proposed taking aim at a regulation that tracks discriminatory lending, calling for public comment on the "costs and benefits" of collecting additional data as a 2015 agency rule requires.
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While the Fed hasn't developed its own digital currency, it is continuing to "carefully analyze the costs and benefits of pursuing such an initiative in the U.S.," Powell said in a letter to lawmakers in November.
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It's also reassuring to listen to a candidate who has clearly thought through the costs and benefits of the slew of policy proposals on the table, even if she comes to different conclusions than I do.
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Robert Jackson, a Democrat-appointed commissioner, has said the proposed rule does not make any serious attempts to understand the costs and benefits for investors as the economic analysis supporting the agency's rules is too weak.
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If President Trump weighs the economic and public health costs and benefits, he will see that the nation and the world will benefit from a green, low-carbon future, whether that's in Pittsburgh or in Paris.
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In an editorial endorsing Pruitt's move, the Wall Street Journal editorial page argued that Obama's EPA "juked the numbers to justify costly regulation" by including "social costs and benefits" to make the case for regulating greenhouse gases.
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"The main message doesn't seem all that different ... The general tone of weighing the costs and benefits were in Governor Kuroda's comments as well," said Shinichiro Kadota, senior FX and yen rates strategist for Barclays in Tokyo.
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"By refraining from acting with undue haste, you will ensure that agency staff may fully assess the costs and benefits of rules, making it less likely that unintended consequences will harm consumers and businesses," his letter said.
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Scalia correctly pointed out that since deregulatory measures also result in costs and benefits, such a requirement would slow down the Reagan agenda and pose problems if rule repeals were challenged in court on cost-benefit grounds.
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The FMCSA measured the costs and benefits of the rule: "The only quantifiable cost of the final rule is the value of the person's time necessary to buckle the seat belt, which is negligible," the agency wrote.
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Yang, 44, said he wants to "inform parents that it is entirely up to them whether their infant gets circumcised, and that there are costs and benefits either way," while not supporting a ban on the practice.
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In 2018 William Nordhaus, his longtime colleague—and rival, although there was no animosity between them—won the Nobel prize in economics for his work on the costs and benefits of acting to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions.
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Yet, judging the costs and benefits of such a policy reversal comes down to a matter of perspective and largely depends on where one begins in approaching the question, whether from a warfighting, deterrence or nonproliferation perspective.
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While such a landscape can be a challenge, it is indeed the purview of states and their citizens to consider their own circumstances, weigh costs and benefits of various approaches, and make the choices they deem best.
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Estimates would be generated based on different economic theories and spotty data, and as a result there would be such a wide range of costs and benefits that any conclusion would be no more than a guesstimate.
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Thus, Trump is not going to bless Merck if it comes up with a better anti-lung cancer drug, Cramer said, and he doesn't care about trying to figure out the costs and benefits of orphan drug status.
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The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), which decides if drugs should be used on the state health service, said in draft guidance on Thursday that more research was needed on the drug's costs and benefits.
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"Any estimates of potential future costs and benefits of aligning with the EU acquis (laws) as it changes should be assessed separately, and the assumptions about the future changes clearly described," the committee's chair, Nicky Morgan told Hammond.
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WASHINGTON (Reuters) - A independent study of the financial costs and benefits of Wall Street 'stress tests' could be released as soon as Tuesday and may strengthen calls to reform U.S. banking rules, said sources familiar with the report.
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But Congress should subject the president's use of these authorities to implement economic policy to procedural constraints that balance the need to move quickly during crisis with the need to weigh carefully the costs and benefits of regulation.
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He also said the court did not consider whether FWS's assessment of the costs and benefits of the land designation was flawed in a way that would have rendered its designation arbitrary, capricious or an abuse of discretion.
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He pointed out that "there is no evidence that Congress has ever weighed the costs and benefits of authorizing court orders of the sort at issue in this case," because in 1986 that was simply not an issue.
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"This is an early stage of the negotiations," Bailey told the Treasury Select Committee in a hearing on the costs and benefits of EU membership, ahead of a British referendum on staying in the EU expected in June.
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Instead of relying on multilateral institutions that have been pillars of world trade — and American power — since World War II, the president vowed to revise America's approach, stressing bilateral costs and benefits, and national security, very narrowly defined.
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Had it been a PayPal, Visa, or Mastercard initiative that Facebook partnered with, the public debate about it might have been about its costs and benefits rather than about Facebook and everything else the company has done wrong.
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She kept hammering that word "choice," as if women being bullied for massages by a large naked movie producer are characters from the pages of a microeconomics textbook, deliberating the potential costs and benefits before determining their preferences.
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That's according to a new study on the costs and benefits of an estate tax to states from Enrico Moretti of the University of California, Berkeley, and Daniel J. Wilson of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.
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The problem with the mercury and air toxics rule, the Supreme Court said was that the EPA should have considered costs and benefits before it even started writing the rule, not just in the process of writing it.
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"The devil is in the detail," Bailey told a British parliament committee hearing on the costs and benefits of EU membership, where legislators expressed doubts about whether the EU concessions on regulation and other areas amounted to much.
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As soon as we start to moralize an issue, we stop thinking about it in terms of costs and benefits, dismiss anyone that disagrees as immoral, and harshly punish those we see as villains to protect the 'victims.
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It will give technical advice, advising on practical matters like what engineering designs will be more resilient in the face of climate change, and it will help leaders think through the costs and benefits of climate change plans.
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The result is that ideas that have long nipped at the edges of the political conversation are now smack in the middle of it, and think tanks, industry groups and candidates are earnestly analyzing their costs and benefits.
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"We learned during her nomination hearing that she believes in promoting competition and appropriately tailoring regulations by taking into account both costs and benefits," Rob Nichols, president and chief executive of the American Bankers Association, said in a statement.
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If it's too much for you to weigh the costs and benefits of each possible inconvenience you could face during air travel, we get it, especially since everything could still end up going wrong on any airline you choose.
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Before issuing the original rule, EPA released a detailed analysis of the compliance costs and benefits and determined that the rule would yield net benefits of approximately $170 million per year by 85033, as well as substantial unquantified benefits.
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Women in Congress are uniquely positioned to ensure the empowerment of women is integrated into foreign policy and defense strategy, and that the impact on women is considered when evaluating the costs and benefits of domestic and international programs.
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All of these failures of markets were solved by technologies, developed and produced by companies employing thousands of people, that simply would not have existed if governments had not mandated their costs and benefits be recognized by the marketplace.
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When federal agencies calculate the costs and benefits of climate regulations, they use a figure called the "social cost of carbon," an estimate of the harm caused by releasing more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and increasing global warming.
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It's hard to prove that, but a study published in the Journal of Urban Health tried to quantify the costs and benefits of Open Streets programs in Bogotá; Guadalajara, Mexico; Medellín, Colombia; and San Francisco based on 2009 data.
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There are still a lot of questions left to be answered, and the team hopes that the study will inspire more research on the prevalence of same-sex behavior across the animal kingdom and its potential costs and benefits.
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Policy decisions are most appropriately made when considering the best possible public sector role and likely economic costs and benefits, rather than simply determining whether the government can provide a good or service more cheaply than the private sector.
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What to watch: The disquiet has even reached the ECB's expected next president, Christine Lagarde, who promised Wednesday to review the costs and benefits of negative interest rates and bond purchases, though most expect her to continue the policies.
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The memo sought a list of all department employees or contractors who have attended any meetings on the social cost of carbon, a measurement that federal agencies use to weigh the costs and benefits of new energy and environment regulations.
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"By refraining from acting with undue haste, you will ensure that agency staff may fully assess the costs and benefits of rules, making it less likely that unintended consequences will harm consumers and businesses," a letter to the administration said.
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It asked for a list of all department employees or contractors who have attended any meetings on the social cost of carbon, a measurement that federal agencies use to weigh the costs and benefits of new energy and environment regulations.
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The money would be used to devote more resources to analyze the economic costs and benefits of its rules, boost compliance examinations of clearing houses that help reduce counterparty trading risks, and further advance its newly unveiled financial technology initiatives.
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"The first thing is to find out what they indeed are planning and to have a new, more independent and reliable analysis of the economic impact and the costs and benefits to the state of the project proceeding," Peacock says.
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Pantheon; 27.993 pages; $30 and £25A brilliantly inventive graphic novel, which took several years to complete, weighs up the costs and benefits of life in the small, authoritarian, model city-state that Lee Kwan Yew founded half a century ago.
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The views expressed are his own) LONDON, April 17 (Reuters) - The White House will have to weigh costs and benefits carefully before tightening sanctions on Iran and Venezuela further and decide whether the economic price is worth the diplomatic gains.
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Reasonable people can disagree about the right way to strike the balance, but that's all there is to it — a political balancing act of costs and benefits in which the imperatives of border security need to be balanced against other considerations.
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If it closely follows the playbook of popular messaging apps like WeChat and LINE, Facebook will eventually introduce news and publishing services within its messaging products that will require publishers to weigh the costs and benefits of another platform integration.
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The memo sought a list of all department employees or contractors who have attended any meetings on the social cost of carbon, a measurement that federal agencies use to weigh the costs and benefits of new energy and environmental regulations.
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Even before last year's presidential election, some of the biggest veterans and military organizations were urging the department to better monitor for-profit colleges that were misleading veterans about the costs and benefits of enrolling, and violating legal and regulatory standards.
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One cannot help feeling, when reading it, that it is designed to implicate the region, historically, in the dirty work of globalization at a moment when many of its residents are conflicted about the costs and benefits of such arrangements.
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And it sure doesn't mean asserting your sovereignty over all other considerations or breaking out of the giant E.U. market, where the U.K. sends over 40 percent of its exports, without a serious national discussion of the costs and benefits.
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But the Trump administration's analysis of the U.S. vehicle market and the costs and benefits of the rule was flawed because it overestimated the positive outcome of a rule significantly weaker than what it replaces, the SAB said in its report.
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Scientists claim that "there are costs and benefits" to weigh up and that cutting emissions hard in the short term may cost a lot of money but it is still cheaper than paying for carbon dioxide removal later this century.
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The EPA has put off a regulation making it harder for power plants to dump toxic metals into public waterways, ostensibly to "reconsider" the rule's cost and feasibility—though, like every EPA reg, its costs and benefits were studied before it was finalized.
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Eyevine Hulking hazards In his book "The Economics of Waste", Richard Porter, an academic, examined the costs and benefits of the American government's decision to tighten controls on leachate from landfills in 1991, using data supplied by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
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Republicans' use of Congress's right of review to repeal 14 rules issued late in Mr Obama's presidency was not based on a careful consideration of costs and benefits, so much as on an insistence that the rules were too burdensome for businesses.
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When planning a destination theme park vacation, one likely has grandiose visions of a marathon week in Orlando, deciding between a myriad of resort options with differing costs and benefits, securing competitive FastPass times months in advance, and snagging coveted dining reservations.
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The fMRI scans revealed brain activity in two regions while the participants were making their decisions: the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), where the costs and benefits of decisions are weighed, and the striatum, an area of the brain responsible for determining value.
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Mr Obama suggested that the costs and benefits of gun ownership look different on the streets of Chicago or similar big cities, where handguns enable far too many murders, and 12-year-olds can obtain a gun more easily than a book.
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Ever since President Trump's withdrawal announcement, together with the reaction, and the eventual settling on keeping a residual US presence to protect the oil and fight ISIS, there has been no shortage of analysis about the costs and benefits for the U.S. withdrawal.
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As we all know, the cost of a college education has been increasing for years, so it was only a matter of time before potential students began weighing the costs and benefits of substantial debt and asking whether it's really worth it.
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Congress isn't having it, even going so far as to ban the Department of Defense from spending any money to study and analyze the costs and benefits necessary to figure out which bases are vital and which are unnecessary to our national security.
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Presumably, Republicans are also banking on the fact that they can take the almost-certain campaign donation windfall from passing this bill and plow that money into messaging that further blurs the costs and benefits of this legislation and further undermines traceability.
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This precedent set by El Salvador should encourage other nations to hold inclusive debates about the costs and benefits of metal mining before allowing their nonrenewable resources to be dug up to the detriment of the many for the benefit of the few.
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But the Trump administration's analysis of the U.S. vehicle market, as well as the costs and benefits of the rule, were flawed because they overestimated the positive outcome of a rule significantly weaker than what it replaces, SAB said in its report.
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Executives stood by their decision and were noncommittal about what came next: Shutterstock wouldn't agree to all future censorship requests, and it would evaluate them on a case-by-case basis, weighing the costs and benefits in each case, the three people said.
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But Damore also made reasonable points about different ways to pursue diversity and the costs and benefits thereof, in an earnest and dialogic style that a healthy corporate culture would have found a way to answer without swiftly giving him the ax.
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First, they should prioritize strategic planning about the evolution of their digital presence, comparing the costs and benefits of in-house versus outsourcing, perhaps even developing a hybrid model where conceptualization and architecture are run internally, while development and operations are outsourced.
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And whether it's by design or default, Elliot weighing the costs and benefits of being a passive person versus an active one has set the stage for several other characters to do the same this season — and in much more interesting ways.
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Prior to finalizing the CAT, the SEC should conduct a publicly available analysis that evaluates the costs and benefits of the CAT, and applies the cost benefit analysis to ensure that the CAT is implemented efficiently, with costs allocated appropriately amongst the stakeholders. 8.
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On the monetary policy side, future policymakers might choose to consider some additional tools that have been employed by other central banks, though adding them to our toolkit would require a very careful weighing of costs and benefits and, in some cases, could require legislation.
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With that critique in mind, I talked to Sunstein about whether adding up the costs and benefits of regulations is a workable way to run a government, whether the politics can ever work, and if the Trump administration is undermining the "revolution" his book documents.
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The surface transportation bill that lawmakers passed at the end of 2015 created a working group that is required to submit a report to Congress within nine months that suggests a preferred option for restoring service, outlines costs and benefits and identifies potential funding sources.
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Fitch assesses the likelihood of the imposition of capital and/or exchange controls or a formal or informal moratorium on private-sector external debt by evaluating the incentives faced by the individual country's authorities to impose such controls and the costs and benefits involved.
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The committee's assessment is aided by the Country Ceiling Model (CCM), a simple scoring model with 16 input indicators that attempts to capture the costs and benefits - and therefore the incentives faced by the authorities in deciding whether to impose exchange and capital controls.
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Sofie Miller, a senior policy analyst at George Washington University's Regulatory Studies Center, said the report is not a tally of the costs and benefits of rules issued by the Trump administration, but rather a window into the regulatory activity undertaken by the Obama administration.
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The Los Angeles researchers called for an analysis of the costs and benefits associated with testing the backlog, and -- despite the eloquent moral arguments that all kits should be tested -- emphatically state that these issues should not be dictated by community pressure from victim groups.
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The committee backed the need for the bloc's securities watchdog ESMA to examine the costs and benefits of forcing a foreign clearing house to obtain a licence in the EU, and to check if EU customers have viable substitutes to a foreign clearing house.
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Op-Ed Contributors The Trump administration has mangled the costs and benefits of one of the most significant climate regulations of the Obama years in an effort to justify its repeal, which Scott Pruitt, the administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, announced on Monday.
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Lawmakers have asked Homeland Security officials to evaluate the costs and benefits of deploying thousands of employees overseas while the department is looking to hire 15,000 new ICE and border patrol agents in the United States as part of President Trump's crackdown on illegal immigration.
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Lower outer borough bridge tolls and money for roads and bridges were in an earlier plan proposed by Move NY, a grass-roots campaign, as a way to garner broader support by distributing the costs and benefits of congestion pricing more equitably across the city.
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It involves doing cost-benefit analyses that include both the projects' direct costs — the sort of thing that investors base decisions on — and their "externalities," the costs and benefits to society such as air or water pollution or useful knowledge uncovered by research and development.
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Sofie Miller, a senior policy analyst at George Washington University's Regulatory Studies Center, said the report is not a tally of the costs and benefits of rules issued by the Trump administration, but rather a window into the regulatory activity undertaken by the Obama administration.
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" He weighs the relative costs and benefits of voting for the Republican candidate, writing that while Mr. Moore has not been convicted in a trail of sexual misconduct, "Americans do not have the luxury of waiting for a trial before the election is held.
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One reason that I have misgivings about what's been called ''quandary ethics'' — ethics conceived of as solving puzzles like these — is that, as in this case, it can be close to impossible to calculate the costs and benefits of the various outcomes you consider.
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A team of Canadian astronomers has now authored a new report that outlines the costs and benefits of a backup location, should it have to move once and for all, at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos (or ORM) on La Palma in Spain's Canary Islands.
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More broadly, he offered a clear illustration of his core foreign policy belief: All issues should be seen as business transactions, with a Trump administration choosing which allies to support — and which enemies to confront — based solely on its assessment of the economic costs and benefits.
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"There was almost certainly disagreement within the administration about the costs and benefits of coming down hard on ZTE," he said, adding that the optics of the United States killing China's No. 2 telecommunications manufacturer would not have been good for broader trade and tech policy negotiations.
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We could disagree vigorously, or even angrily, about the weight to place on the various tradeoffs inherent in any policy (everything has costs and benefits) but I still could see how, given a set of assumptions, everyone could believe their path was the best for society.
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That proportion of the agency's analysis – the assessment of costs and benefits amounts to 37 percent of pages contained in the directive – is particularly high, but not inconsistent with the committed attention that the agency has devoted to economic justifications to its rules in the last five years.
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"We too have resorted to unconventional methods and, as in the past, we will not shy away from using these methods if it is in the interests of the country as a whole," he said, adding the SNB always had to carefully consider costs and benefits of such actions.
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Nonetheless, the weaker version suggests a second commandment for technologists: In regulating new technologies, balance costs and benefits, and work with your fellow citizens, your nation's lawmakers, and the world's diplomats to enact reasonable laws that limit the potential damage of a new technology, as further evidence is forthcoming.
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If the public had quietly weighed the costs and benefits of EU membership, it was often hard to hear that analysis through a din of stuff-the-lot-of-them rage from the Leave camp, and the first growls of mutual recrimination among Labour and Conservative politicians backing Remain.
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" Kohn was the sole dissenter on a conference panel of former government officials when asked whether policymakers have gone too far in imposing sweeping regulations after the crisis, saying, "Regulators need to do the best they can to accomplish their objectives and to balance the costs and benefits.
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In testing how Donald J. Trump and Hillary Clinton might respond to the not-too-distant possibility of trucks that drive themselves, we might get at something most political debates fail to address: how the candidates are weighing the costs and benefits of rapid, unpredictable and transformative technological change.
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After New York State and New York City officials publicized details about the economic costs and benefits of Amazon's plan to open a new 25,000-employee office in Queens, many New Yorkers and local politicians vocalized objections to the online retail giant's planned entry into Long Island City (LIC).
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Mr. Trump's sudden abandonment of the Kurds was another example of the independent, parallel foreign policy he has run from the White House, which has largely abandoned the elaborate systems created since President Harry Truman's day to think ahead about the potential costs and benefits of presidential decisions.
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We're saying if there is a shock — trade being a big example of one because it creates a clustered shock — it's going to create individual suffering for individual people and community suffering for individual communities, as opposed to diffused costs and benefits that our trade models have in mind.
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"The costs and benefits of completing further phases of the Bar-Boljare highway in the near term need to be carefully analysed," the IMF said, adding that a rush to complete the project could entail large fiscal costs that would leave the economy much more vulnerable to shocks.
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As Philip Cook, a public policy expert at Duke who wrote Paying the Tab: The Costs and Benefits of Alcohol Control, told me, the last time Congress raised the federal alcohol tax was 1991 — and that has let the actual impact of the tax erode due to increasing inflation.
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CONYERS DAVISActing directorSchwarzenegger InstituteUniversity of Southern California Los Angeles I agree that the costs and benefits of speed on public roads have to be balanced, but I was surprised that your leader supporting the reduction of speed limits in France did not mention Germany ("Live fast, die fast", June 2nd).
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"I preliminarily understand that a T+2628 settlement cycle would produce distinct challenges and generate costs magnitudes above a T+28503 settlement cycle, but I encourage commenters to tell us whether that is true and also identify the costs and benefits of each alternative relative to one another," he said.
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"Of all the people who might be called on to advise Congress about how to weigh the costs and benefits of consumer regulations, I am surprised that my Republican colleagues would choose a witness who might have one of the worst track records in history on this issue," added Warren.
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" Mr. Hornbuckle pointed to Republican legal victories against the Obama administration, such as the case against the Clean Power Plan, and said, "The Justice Department will continue to defend the rightful prerogative of federal agencies to appropriately review and reconsider the costs and benefits of regulations adopted in previous administrations.
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As Philip Cook, a public policy expert at Duke University who wrote Paying the Tab: The Costs and Benefits of Alcohol Control, previously told me, the last time Congress raised the federal alcohol tax was 1991 — and that's let the real impact of the tax erode due to increasing inflation.
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The decision by the Cour de Cassation could also have ramifications for France's wider "gig economy", as other taxi and food delivery apps from Deliveroo and JustEat to UberEats rely heavily on self-employed riders to conduct their business without having to meet a range of employee costs and benefits.
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Many will argue over the costs and benefits of using this escalatory rhetoric with the KJU regime, but actually, what we must also focus on is how Trump's "fire and fury" statement could provide an opportunity for others to undermine the United States' standing and moral authority in the world.
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As Philip Cook, a public policy expert at Duke University who wrote Paying the Tab: The Costs and Benefits of Alcohol Control, previously told me, the last time Congress raised the federal alcohol tax was 1991 — and that has let the actual impact of the tax erode due to increasing inflation.
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While we could see full-scale 5G implementation across health systems in time, we think hospitals will continue to dip their toes in the proverbial 5G water until uncertainties over the costs and benefits of 5G implementation are made clear by early movers like the VA.Want to read more stories like this one?
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Working out how best to do that has been the subject of decades of intellectual debate within economics, leading to the majority view (if not the consensus) that targeting a low but positive rate of inflation provides a balance of costs and benefits as good as or better than alternative policy targets.
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But the unique demography of killer whale social groups may motivate younger females to invest more competitive effort into reproduction, tipping the costs and benefits of reproduction for older females, said Darren Croft, a professor of animal behavior at the University of Exeter in England and an author of the new paper.
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"The danger of having given it greater visibility is that actually there are going to be more of those efforts to play to the policy in a political way rather than considering carefully the costs and benefits of each portion of what one is doing," said Dali Yang, a professor at the University of Chicago.
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But he pointed out that fossil fuels had led to "large benefits" as well, including victory in World War II. To that end, he asked both sides to prepare a 10-page brief over the next week, arguing whether or not the cities' claims required an analysis of the costs and benefits of fossil fuels.
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"Every year that the government has calculated the costs and benefits of federal regulations, it always has shown that health, safety and environmental protections are one of the best investments we can make — with returns on investment that would make Fortune 500 companies jealous," Amit Narang, the group's regulatory policy advocate, said in a statement.
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Olson's insight was that narrow interests facing high-stakes public policy outcomes would have an easier time mobilizing politically, both because the costs and benefits of public policy would be so large for them that it would justify participation and because the social pressure of small groups makes such groups easier to organize and sustain.
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Tony Blair refused to avail himself of available brakes to migration from eastern Europe in 2004 because he treated immigration as an ideological matter (proof that he was committed to the double liberalism of free markets and progressive values) rather than as a practical issue with costs and benefits that needed to be weighed against each other.
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As President Trump spoke approvingly of new taxes on imports in his address to Congress on Tuesday night, and as his new commerce secretary, Wilbur L. Ross, seeks to renegotiate the North American Free Trade Agreement, cities like Evansville are where the costs and benefits of those policies will be measured in paychecks, pink slips and household budgets.
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Lessons can be learned from each case study on how to effectively communicate as a company in the current political environment, but the overall result of these activities is proof that there is room for these companies to remain politically active as long as they are cognizant of the costs and benefits associated with their actions.
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In the past week, even as Democrats asked the Justice Department to investigate Pruitt and federal inquiries and audits of his ethical conduct in office keep piling up, Pruitt managed to deliver two wins for industries that don't like EPA regulations: continuing to roll back rules on toxic chemicals and change how the EPA weighs costs and benefits of regulations.
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I think a lot of the voters take him seriously but not literally, so when they hear the Muslim comment or the wall comment, it's not, 'Are you going to build a wall like the Great Wall of China but, 'We're going to have a saner, more sensible immigration policy' and 'How do we strike the right balance between costs and benefits?
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According to the Guttmacher Institute report Adding It Up: Costs and Benefits of Meeting The Contraceptive Needs of Adolescents, presented last month at the Women Deliver conference in Copenhagen, some two-thirds of adolescents in Africa and Latin America report having sexual intercourse by the age of 22.1; in Asia, the figure is around 23.2%, and that's among both married and unmarried teens.
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Tehran's next steps will likely continue the hallmarks of its playbook developed over the course of its 40-year campaign to entrench its own influence at the expense of its adversaries—purposeful rather than wanton projection of power, conscious of the balance of costs and benefits, opportunistic in exploiting openings or weakness, inventive in the application and wide-ranging in scope.
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"My view is that although it makes sense to take stock and consider the costs and benefits of advisory committees currently in operation — just as past administrations have — setting arbitrary caps and targets for reduction is difficult to defend if one's goal is to ensure that government decisions are well informed," public policy expert Stéphane Lavertu of the Ohio State University told BuzzFeed News by email.
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"This is going to have an impact," said Lance Christensen, a certified public accountant and tax practice leader at Margolin Winer & Evens in Garden City, N.Y. Christensen is alerting his clients to the increased real cost of tickets and said firms would use an array of factors to calculate the costs and benefits of the tickets and other entertainment options like theater and golf outings.
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These standards are admirable: the benefit to humanity must be greater than the real or potential harm to the study participants; the participants must understand the risks and benefits of the research and must be able to consent; participants must be selected in a fair and equitable manner, and costs and benefits of the research must be distributed fairly and equally to all potential participants.
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"Rather than focus on the overall costs and benefits of a particular regulation, the RFA requires the agency to undertake an analysis that determines the impacts of the rule on small entities and then considers alternatives that reduce or minimize those impacts," the company said in it's complaint Larry Faircloth, a Republican in the West Virginia House of Delegates and e-cigarette user, is also suing the agency over the rules.
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"In order to evaluate the current marketplace and to assess the potential impact of the proposed rules, we believe it is essential for independent, peer-reviewed studies to be completed of current developments towards market-based solutions and of the potential costs and benefits of the proposed rules, including the impact of the proposed rules on diversity of programming, independent and minority television programming, content protection and consumer privacy," they said at the time.
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In other words, if the federal courts are effectively going to make up a right to sue that no constitutional or statutory text endorses — perhaps an altogether dubious enterprise — they at least should avoid such an undertaking in circumstances presenting considerations of foreign relations and border protection; such considerations are meant to be addressed by the executive branch, and involve the weighing of costs and benefits of a kind the judiciary is ill-suited to assess.
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What's more, the House bill contained a staggering number of harmful policy riders — riders to make it harder for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to protect youth and the nation's public health from e-cigarettes, cigars and other tobacco products; delay more protective ozone pollution standards adopted by EPA in 2015; block initiatives to reduce methane emissions; and keep the federal government from taking into account the full costs and benefits of rules that impact climate change — just to name a few.
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For example, internal audit teams should look at the following new regulator activity recommendations and check that they operate in a similar way: - acts in a forward-looking manner, seeking to anticipate and where possible act on emerging corporate governance, reporting or audit risks, both in the short and the longer term; - advances innovation and quality improvements; - promotes brevity, comprehensibility and usefulness in reporting; - is proportionate, having regard to the size and resources required and balancing the costs and benefits of recommended actions; and - prioritises activity on the basis of risk.
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There is an enormous range of opinions among well-qualified climate scientists, geologists, physicists, and other relevant scholars abouthow each of the thousands of subsystems of the climate system will respond to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration; how much warming will come from the added CO2; how much harm and benefit will come from that warming; how much benefit will come from the fertilizing effect of rising CO2 on almost all plants; how to balance those harms and benefits against the benefits of the energy derived from fossil fuels; and what would be the costs and benefits of efforts to reduce CO85033 emissions by substituting other energy sources for fossil fuels.
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We want to change the way regulations are written based on five key principles: Meaningful public engagement in the rulemaking process Prioritization of unbiased, scientific information in rulemaking Consideration of public costs and benefits Transparency and clarity in how rules will be enforced and how compliance can be attained Regular evaluation of whether regulations are working With millions of Americans dependent on small businesses to provide for their families, and with communities across the country placing their hopes for growth and prosperity on startups and the small business economy, government officials should do all they can to reduce the burden of regulation on small firms—lowering the cost of doing business and making it easier to compete and win in the global economy.
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Coase's theory of the firm: a reading list1 "The Nature of the Firm" by R H Coase, Economica, 19372 "The Problem of Social Cost" by R H Coase, Journal of Law and Economics, 19603 "Industrial Organisation: A Proposal for Research" by R H Coase, NBER, 19724 "Production, Information Costs and Economic Organisation" by Armen A Alchian and Harold Demsetz, American Economic Review, 19725 "Transaction-Cost Economics: The Governance of Contractural Relations" by Oliver E Williamson, Journal of Law and Economics, 19796 "The Costs and Benefits of Ownership: A Theory of Vertical and Lateral Integration" by Sanford Grossman and Oliver Hart, Journal of Political Economy, 19867 "Multitask Principal-Agent Analysis: Incentive Contracts, Asset Ownership and Job Design" by Bengt Holmstrom and Paul Milgrom, Journal of Law, Economics and Organisation, 19918 "The Firm as Sub-economy" by Bengt Holmstrom, Journal of Law Economics & Organisation, 19999 "The Theory of the the Firm as Governance Structure: From Choice to Contract" by Oliver E Williamson, 200210 "Contracts as Reference Points" by Oliver Hart and John Moore, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2008
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