In 1976 and 1980, Congress allowed the copyrighting of software.
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He also claims he's in the middle of copyrighting the Carlton dance.
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It's a pretty dangerous precedent to set, copyrighting law in a democracy.
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But I am currently looking into legally copyrighting that image so it's official.
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The suits state that Ribeiro is in the process of copyrighting the dance.
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Hart represents sellers on Amazon who need help copyrighting their products and getting counterfeits removed.
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"If I had money, and lawyers, and time, I'd work on copyrighting recipes properly," she said.
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Copyrighting a book is fairly straightforward, because the copyrightable material is a physical thing you have produced.
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"The original artifact is clearly in the public domain … copyrighting a copy doesn't make sense," he continued.
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In his lawsuit, Alfonso claims he created the dance and is currently in the process of copyrighting it.
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It is the outline for a play, and I have no means of copyrighting it except this way.
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In order to stop other sites from hosting the photos, according to CNN Doe resorted to copyrighting her breasts.
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Big agricultural companies such as Monsanto don't do themselves any favors by copyrighting certain strains, running small farms out of business, and being secretive.
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But while there is plenty of case law regarding the copyrighting of songs and written works, there is far less in the record regarding choreography.
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Kylie and Kendall say renowned photog Michael Miller has no right to sue because he himself committed some sort of fraud in copyrighting the photo.
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Just like Alfonso Ribeiro and 2 Milly, Backpack Kid says he's in the process of copyrighting the dance, but claims Fortnite has still ripped him off.
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Dunham remains in the public eye, and has incorporated the image the culture has of her into her own work, effectively copyrighting the "millennial brat" persona.
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You could copy these word-for-word to add to your own photos (it's not cool to plagiarize, but no one's copyrighting their social media posts — yet).
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But for most porn stars, this dream remains elusive: Copyrighting your junk requires a level of fame only known to a few of the industry's most successful.
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Like calling a car a "lorry" or an apartment a "flat," folks in England refer to cronuts as "crodoughs" — though this linguistic difference has more to do with copyrighting.
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But if the jury rules against Google, and against its more liberal interpretation of copyrighting software APIs, experts worry it could have a chilling effect on the work of software developers.
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Paul Hansmeier and John Steele actually produced some of the pornography, solely for the purpose of copyrighting it so they could file "sham lawsuits" used to shake down their targets, Minnesota U.S. Attorney Andrew Luger said.
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Paez also said the judge erred in instructing jurors about the copyrighting of music elements in the public domain, and should have let them listen to "Taurus" while Page testified, to assess his demeanor and help determine whether he had access.
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The history of copyrighting dance in comparison to other art forms is quite recent: The Copyright Law of 1976 was the first to allow choreographers to protect their work, but even then, it was intended for ballets and other lengthy and prestigious compositions.
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Randazza cites one US Supreme Court decision ruling that a system of bookkeeping was not subject to copyright, but when it comes to copyrighting a system of grammar and vocabulary, a ruling either way will be going boldly where no court has gone before.
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To pursue these demands, the Russian Communist Party would have to get around the fact that international copyright law does not exist, as Gawker points out, or that even if it did exist, copyrighting something as basic as a simple shape in a specific color would be pretty difficult.
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I'll run through a litany of marks against the company very quickly: Keurig sells billions of coffee pods annually, but they're practically impossible to recycle Those coffee pods are made from plastic in a manufacturing process that is itself harmful to the environment Keurig introduced the idea of copyrighting its coffee pods with "Keurig 2.0," meaning your machine could refuse to brew unlicensed coffee K-Cups are often quite expensive compared to ground coffee Pre-roasted and ground coffee, like the coffee found in K-Cups, becomes stale quickly and doesn't taste as good as freshly ground beans I'm just going to reiterate that recycling even a single K-Cup is an incredible pain in the ass.
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In 2008, Tobin filed a lawsuit against John Hardy Limited, alleging harassment of jewelry designers in Bali and improper copyrighting of a Balinese folk motif.
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Early in 2012, the Atlanta Fringe offered five business workshops for artists. The workshop facilitators were professionals in their respective areas. The topics discussed at the workshops were managing volunteers, producing a show, copyrighting original works, grant writing and corporate funding.
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Williamson supports instituting a system like the EU's "Right to be forgotten" in the United States. She also supports copyrighting mugshots to allow individuals have a true "restoration of rights", in an era where one's online presence is keystrokes away.
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In both cases, the relaunch of Las Grecas created no impact. Later, in 2007, and after copyrighting the name Las Grecas, Malicia decided to form a second duet alongside Sofia Lozano, who was later replaced by her former partner from the group Las Suecas, Nani.
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The Court found that the copies of Volume 32 required for formally copyrighting the work had arrived late, so that volume was not copyrighted. Nonetheless, the plaintiff, Myers, was entitled to compensation in full for the infringement damages, if he chose to collect them..
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The game features all of the official teams and drivers that competed in the 1998 Formula One World Championship, although like with its predecessor, Formula 1 97, Jacques Villeneuve's name and image are not featured due to him copyrighting both. The game refers to him as 'Williams Driver 1'.
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He then considered shoes painted by Vincent van Gogh and turned to the examples of Congress's intended targets of copyright in the amicus curiae brief filed by the Intellectual Property Professors. Breyer found that copyrighting those embellishments was not the same as copyrighting an entire cheerleading uniform design because those examples were conceptually separable while the uniform design was not. He reiterated that van Gogh could certainly have received a copyright to prevent people from reproducing his painting, but the request in Star Athletica was an injunction against reproducing uniforms and Breyer felt this decision would be equivalent to giving van Gogh a design copyright that could prevent others from producing those shoes.Star Athletica, slip op.
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Most Middle English Lyrics are anonymous. Because the lyrics reflect on a sort of "community property" of ideas, the concept of copyrighting a lyric to a particular author is usually inappropriate. Additionally, identifying authors is very difficult. Most lyrics are often un-dateable, and they appear in collections with no apparent organic unity.
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During this time, Lomax and his brother Joe compiled For the Sake of the Song, a book of lyrics, sheet music, photos, and essays on Van Zandt. While managing Van Zandt, Lomax found the beginnings of deeply tangled copyrighting and financial issues that would beleaguer Van Zandt for the rest of his life.
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Jurnal TV condemns piracy and promotes copyrighting, that's why all the products are broadcast under license. The company works with Warner Bros., Fox, NBCUniversal, BBC, Walt Disney, etc. TV series shown or showed: House MD, Lie to Me, Prison Break, Lost, Supernatural, Chicago Hope, Alias, The Pretender, Friends, Angel, Buffy, La Femme Nikita, Bones, etc.
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Conellisen, 13 In 1963, the SARB took the step of copyrighting the Springbok emblem and Springbok colours as a badge under the Heraldry Act to pre-empt any other sporting body copyrighting it. The board initially declared, it was happy to share the Springbok colours providing that they were only awarded to white amateur sportspeople representing South Africa internationally.Conellisen, 18–19 It was also an attempt to try and stop the South Africa national rugby league team from using the colours, though Rugby League South Africa circumvented this by developing their own version of the Springbok colours. Later legislation in 1971 was passed in order to enforce apartheid so that only white South Africans could be awarded Springbok colours though this later extended to those deemed as "honorary whites".
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The most significant point is that patent and copyright laws support the expansion of the range of creative human activities that can be commodified. This parallels the ways in which capitalism led to the commodification of many aspects of social life that earlier had no monetary or economic value per se.Bettig, Ronald V. (1996). Copyrighting Culture: The Political Economy of Intellectual Property.
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Maisonave continues to be active in the music world. His company - Maisonave Management - lists talent booking, concert promotions, music publishing and copyrighting amongst its many current services. Over the past few years Maisonave has promoted concerts for Grupo Manía, Tito Rojas and José Alberto "El Canario"."Héctor Maisonave: 60 Años en el Negocio de la Musica," Mega Latina FM, July 1, 2011.
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Cyril Walter Hodges was born in Beckenham, Kent, the son of Cyril Hodges, "a leading figure in advertising and copyrighting". He was educated at Dulwich College, which he recalled as "a wretched imprisonment", and at Goldsmiths' College of Art. Hodges fell in love with Greta Becker, a hopeful ballet dancer, and they married in 1936. She provided "complete domestic support" until she died in 1999.
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When Hale started at Godey's, the magazine had a circulation of ten thousand subscribers. Two years later, it jumped to 40,000 and by 1860 had 150,000 subscribers.Parker, Gail Underwood. More Than Petticoats: Remarkable New Hampshire Women. Guilford, CT: Globe Pequot, 2009: 32. In 1845, Louis Godey began copyrighting each issue of the magazine to prevent other magazine and newspaper editors from infringing their texts.
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He later became a general manager for the Oakland Raiders in the American Football League (AFL) and the Oakland Oaks in the American Basketball Association (ABA). He was also the color analyst for Bill King on Raiders radio broadcasts. Stirling is also credited with being one of the pioneers of fantasy football, helping to invent the concept in the 1960s. He later regretted not copyrighting the idea.
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In July 1956, Hecht, his brother-in-law Loring Buzzell (brother of Hecht's first wife Gloria) and Lancaster formed two music publishing firms; Hecht-Lancaster & Buzzell Music (copyrighting exclusively through ASCAP) and Calyork Music (copyrighting exclusively through BMI)."Buzzell Ties with Hecht & Lancaster", Billboard, March 16, 1957, p8 The purpose of the new venture (a subsidiary of the Hecht and Lancaster Companies/Norma Productions) was to publish and copyright songs from their films' soundtracks and license them to record labels for release in the booming business of vinyls for the home market. The compositions published through Hecht-Lancaster & Buzzell Music and Calyork Music have been released through Columbia Records, Warner Bros. Records, MGM Records, ABC-Paramount Records, Capitol Records, London Records, United Artists Records, Decca Records, Mercury Records, RCA Victor Records, Jubilee Records, Coral Records, Top Rank Records, Date Records, Kapp Records, Apollo Records, Maine Records and Cabot Records.
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American INSIGHT’s documentary-in-progress, Robert Indiana: Full Circle, examines the ingenuity of American Pop artist Robert Indiana, who considered Philadelphia his spiritual home. Inventing, but never copyrighting, the famous LOVE sculpture, Indiana continues to use words and typographic forms to define his distinctive approach to both language and art. American INSIGHT crews have captured hours of footage containing both conversations with him and his public appearances since 1990.
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Harold Thomas speaking with Jane Lomax-Smith at an event in Adelaide commemorating the 30th anniversary of the Aboriginal Flag, 8 July 2001, Harold Joseph Thomas (born c. 1947) is an Aboriginal Australian artist and activist descended from the Luritja people of Central Australia. He is best known for designing and copyrighting the Australian Aboriginal Flag. Thomas designed the flag in 1971 as a symbol of the Aboriginal land rights movement.
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A local publication named Aspen, The Magazine, was founded in 1974. The founder was Ernie Ashley Goodnough. In 1987, Janet O'Grady and Randy Beier bought the company that owned Aspen, The Magazine, and folded the publication. The couple founded the publishing company Ridge Publications, and they co-founded an entirely new title, copyrighting it Aspen Magazine, with both a local and national editorial direction, as well as advertising and circulation business model.
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Myers sued them for copyright infringement and the case eventually went to the Supreme Court. The Court upheld earlier case law, such as Banks v. Manchester, that said court documents belonged to the public domain. In regards to the case at hand, they ruled that the elements of the books that organized or summarized those judicial works constituted intellectual effort and therefore Myers did hold the copyright because he did follow the copyrighting procedures in all cases except one.
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We the Media details how media and its consumption has changed with the introduction of online platforms. Big corporations are no longer able to control what is being published about themselves, while the "former audience," as Gillmor calls it, is no longer passive. The former audience has a larger role in the consumption and production of media. Gillmor believes the aggressive use of copyrighting in America is a cause for the lack of creativity and innovation in the states.
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Though Cameron took up photography as an amateur and considered herself an artist, and despite never making commissioned portraits nor establishing a commercial studio, she thought of her photographic activity as a professional endeavour, actively copyrighting, publishing, and marketing her work. Her family did not see substantial profits from their coffee plantations in Ceylon and Cameron may have been looking to bring in some money with her photography. The portraits of celebrities and the high volume of her photographic output also suggest commercial aspirations.
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In 1884, Barrymore wrote a play titled Nadjezda (meaning "hope"). During this period he sailed with his wife Georgiana and their children Lionel, Ethel and John, then respectively 6, 5 and 2, to England to visit relatives he hadn't seen since migrating to America. (He had inherited some money from his aunt Amelia, one of his family members who helped raise him.) During the trip Barrymore met the great French actress and star Sarah Bernhardt. Without copyrighting his play, he gave her a copy of the manuscript.
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Without Bruch's permission, however, they rewrote the concerto themselves to suit their pianistic abilities, copyrighting their version and depositing it with the Library of Congress in 1916. They performed the premiere of this version with the Philadelphia Orchestra under Leopold Stokowski on 29 December 1916.Classical Net In 1917 they played a further revised version of the work, with the number of movements reduced from four to three, with the New York Philharmonic under Josef Stránský.Liner notes to the Martin Berkofsky/Nathan Twining premiere recording.
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Copyright controversies in online and digital texts affect the way digital rhetoric is utilized. Many of these arguments deal with the problem of cost for the publishers and consumers of scholarly text. Copyrighting materials is an expensive task, especially when the materials can be translated into many other forms of digital sources that are freely found by the public. Because of this ease of transformation, copyright laws are undermined as scholars lose predication in their online materials through maneuvers as simple as copy and paste or translating hyperlinks.
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A Milwaukee, WI date was cancelled. The two Parasol CDs – A Thousand Day Dream and Continuous Shows – include many songs recorded at the band's second rented house (where Axford, Draznik, and Wald lived together from August 1980 to August 1982) at 1204 N. Neil Street in Champaign, near the end of their initial existence. The band set to the task of recording every original composition for copyrighting purposes, before they set out for three live gigs and a recording session (funded by Bomp Records' Greg Shaw) in California in July 1982.
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Born Susan Hutchinson Adams in Missouri in 1835, the daughter of John Adams and Mary Gill, she was educated at Fielding Institute, Lindonwood College and Fulton Female College in Missouri and taught school in Jackson, Mississippi in 1865. She married Cornelius Lewis Neville Vaughan in San Francisco, California in 1876. Her husband died in 1893 and she moved to Arlington, VA to live with her sister Sallie Adams. Vaughan attempted to capitalize on her claim by copyrighting a couple of drawings she made in 1908 and selling them as postcards.
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Marina has used several resources in copyrighting her work to ensure its authenticity and the work can be preserved in its current state. Performance scripts have also been used to preserve a live performance. With these written instructions or steps, the original live work can be re-performed or accurately represented keeping the artist's intentions true to the original work. Although curators and art critics have questioned if these scripts are sufficient materials for preserving and collecting the work; this method can be argued with similar conservation methods used in theater and performing arts.
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He participated in the 1928 and 1929 Columbia Records' field studio sessions in Johnson City conducted by Columbia producer Frank Walker and the 1928 Victor sessions hosted by Ralph Peer in Bristol, Tennessee. From the 1928 Columbia sessions emerged a regional hit song, "Johnson City Blues," in which Greene adapted Ida Cox's tune "Chattanooga Blues" to fit Johnson City. In that era, prior to copyrighting of songs, there was a "public domain" attitude toward songwriting with the artist's style of the song being considered the original feature and not the lyrics.
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Plagiarism Today praised the website for having a "rich API" and being "feature rich", but stated that the website could be "confusing and intimidating to use" for those inexperienced with copyrighting. Sites such as Jamendo , dibujando.net, talentyArt and VirtualGallery have partnered with Safe Creative to protect the output of their users via copyright. Authors of WIPO survey on private registries states that as long as it is possible to testify about the technical characteristics of online registries, there is no reason to doubt about the validity of the generated evidence.
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Fawcett Publications, Inc. went to trial in 1948. Although the presiding judge decided that Captain Marvel was an infringement, DC was found to be negligent in copyrighting several of their Superman daily newspaper strips, and it was decided that National had abandoned the Superman copyright. (Detailed summary of the cases and rulings related to National Comics Publications v. Fawcett Publishing.) As a result, the initial verdict, delivered in 1951, went in Fawcett's favor. National appealed this decision, and Judge Learned Hand declared in 1952 that National's Superman copyright was in fact valid.
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The Iranian Film Council (IFC) is a UK based organization dedicated to fighting piracy and copyright infringement within the film industry, specifically within modern Iranian Cinema. The council was established in October 2013 to focus on website piracy and the illegal transmission of films via satellite channels or video streaming. With legal representation in every territory across the globe, the IFC is able to represent the rights of Iranian film makers. The philosophy of the council is to promote a healthy attitude towards respecting copyrighting laws, in order to push for a more dynamic, valued overall industry.
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The Amor Prohibido album was pressed for a release date of March 13, 1994, and was halted for distribution due to the copyrighting issues with "Fotos y Recuerdos". Vela retold in a 2002 interview how he was awaken by Selena and A.B. because they did not have the clearance for "Fotos y Recuerdos". Singer- songwriter Chrissie Hynde's music producers reported the song to Hynde who did not allow Selena to continue with "Fotos y Recuerdos" until she received an English-language writing of the song. It was only after Vela re-wrote the song into English that Hynde gave Selena the clearance for the recording.
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This belief was displayed for the first time in 2000, when in response to Smirnoff using Che's picture in a vodka commercial, Korda claimed his moral rights (a form of copyright law) and sued advertising agency Lowe Lintas and Rex Features, the company that supplied the photograph.After 40 Years and Millions of Posters, Che's Photographer Sues for Copyright by Matt Wells, The Guardian, August 7, 2000 Lintas and Rex claimed that the image was in the public domain. The final result was an out of court settlement for US$50,000 to Korda,Ariana Hernández- Reguant, Copyrighting Che: Art and Authorship under Cuban Late Socialism, Public Culture 2004 v.
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On the industry side, women's fashion alone was a concern worth hundreds of billions of dollars worldwide. Justice Stephen Breyer speculated that the price of dresses could conceivably double if copyright terms were applied to designs and knock- off brands couldn't compete at lower prices. Justice Sonia Sotomayor and he questioned Varsity over their concerns of monopolization effects, such as a uniform design becoming part of a school's brand identity and compelling them to buy exclusively from Varsity during a century of copyright restriction. In the end, Breyer expressed worry that designers or lawyers might resort to simply copyrighting drawings to sue over the design of any dress or suit.
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They worried that copyright restriction would impact 3D printing by making it difficult to share designs and by creating a fiscal incentive for media companies to crack down on derivative works. Another group of supporters, styled "Intellectual Property Professors," objected to broadly expanding copyright to useful article designs because they considered design patents sufficient and because of specific examples of what Congress considered copyrightable when drafting the 1976 law. In their view, copyrighting the uniform designs would unduly stretch Congress's intent to copyright minor detailing on industrial designs like floral engravings on silverware, carvings in the backs of chairs, or prints on t-shirts.
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County of Santa Clara v. California First Amendment Coalition, 170 Cal. App. 4th 1301 (2009), was a case before the California Courts of Appeal dealing with the ability of a local California agency to limit the disclosure of, or require license agreements for, public records and data requested under the California Public Records Act (CPRA). The court found that as public records, there was "no statutory basis either for copyrighting the GIS basemap or for conditioning its release on a licensing agreement" under United States copyright law because state freedom of information laws preclude a state agency’s reliance on federal copyright unless state law specifically permits it.
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An alternative learning platform: Ruin Academy – Anarchist Gardener - Mizah Rahman, Asian Urban Epicenters 2012 Urban acupuncture produces small-scale but socially catalytic interventions into the urban fabric.Ruin Academy - Casagrande Lab - Ariane Lourie Harrison, Architectural Theories of the Environment: Posthuman TerritoryRoutledge, 2013 Architects’ and designers’ position about organic knowledge is tricky. We are not the ones who carry this collective genetic memory on, but we are in a better position to interpret and negotiate with it, step by step, like a shaman getting answers from the organic side. This can easily go very wrong, when architect starts copyrighting fragments of local knowledge under his ego.
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The name of one of the composers, Shostakovich, was also used in the picture when one of its characters incidentally referred to him in an appreciative manner. All of the music used was in the public domain and had no copyright protection, therefore the court refused to enjoin the use of the names and the music. The court found that the use of the composers' names in conjunction with the compositions is not subject to restraint under the New York State civil rights law (§ 51). In the absence of copyright, others may use the names of the authors in copyrighting, publishing or compiling their works.
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In January 2009, Penders began copyrighting various stories, characters, and artwork that he created for Archie Comics' Sonic the Hedgehog comic series and spin-off titles, and these claims were certified as of April 2010 by the US Copyright Office. After declaring that he would "use every legal means at my disposal to protect and preserve" his works, Archie Comics filed a lawsuit against Penders in the fall of 2010 in an attempt to retain their copyright holdings of his characters and concepts. In the fall of 2012, Archie Comics fired its legal team and replaced it. Following this and a court settlement, many characters created by Penders were retconned, never to appear in the comics again.
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Variations of "Little Sadie" have been recorded under various titles (including "Bad Lee Brown", "Penitentiary Blues", "Cocaine Blues", "Whiskey Blues") by many artists, including Clarence Ashley (1930), Johnny Cash (1960 and 1968), Slim Dusty (1961), and Bob Dylan (1970). Some versions change the southbound location from Jericho (South Carolina) to Mexico. Billy Roberts performed "Hey Joe" regularly in the late 1950s and early 1960s, without copyrighting it, and some other performers including Pete Seeger recognised that it had been developed from Niela Miller's song. In 1962, Roberts registered the song as his composition at the Library of Congress, and recorded a demo tape of it. Niela Miller separately registered some of her songs, including "Baby, Please Don’t Go to Town".
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17 USC 411 (United States Code, Title 17, Section 411) This means that a plaintiff's attempts to remedy an infringement will be delayed during the registration process.U.S. Copyright Office Circular 1 Additionally, in many infringement cases, the plaintiff will not be able recoup attorney fees or collect statutory damages for copyright infringement, unless the plaintiff registered before the infringement began.17 USC 412 For the purpose of establishing evidence that a screenwriter is the author of a particular screenplay (but not related to the legal copyrighting status of a work), the Writers Guild of America registers screenplays. However, since this service is one of record keeping and is not regulated by law, a variety of commercial and non-profit organizations exist for registering screenplays.
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The Seed Vault, also called the "Doomsday Vault", is supported by the Global Crop Diversity Trust and aims to preserve "the raw material of agriculture" to make it available for breeding and research even in the advent of disaster, war, or climate change. The Vault was scheduled to open in late 2008. Skovmand was opposed to patenting individual genes, describing it as "like copyrighting each and every word in Hamlet, and saying no one can use any word used in Hamlet without paying the author".Anthony DePalma, "Texcoco Journal; The 'Slippery Slope' of Patenting Farmers' Crops", The New York Times, May 24, 2000 He routinely released his catalogs of agricultural information on CDs, which he gave away for free, never attempting to patent the work.
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This required DEC owners to buy higher-priced, specially formatted floppy media, which was harder to obtain through standard distribution channels. DEC attempted to enforce exclusive control over its floppy media sales by copyrighting its proprietary disk format, and requiring a negotiated license agreement and royalty payments from anybody selling compatible media. The proprietary data format meant that RX50 floppies were not interchangeable with other PC floppies, further isolating DEC products from the developing de facto standard PC market. Hardware hackers and DEC enthusiasts eventually reverse- engineered the RX50 format, This relatively recent work is a well-developed example of programs to enhance interchange of data between DEC formatted media and standard PC systems but the damage had already been done, in terms of market confusion and isolation.
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Cormontan's train injury compelled her to cease giving voice recitals (which would have required her to stand for extended periods of time), but she continued her career as a music teacher, organist, pianist, choir director, and composer. As a performer in the 1890s, she received highly favorable reviews from numerous local newspapers for her recitals throughout southern Minnesota: her concerts were characterized as a "rare treat," with some attendees gathered outside the town hall entrance and listening from open windows. As late as 1910, at age 69, Cormontan was performing at public gatherings such as conventions and public information sessions for the Red Cross and Farmer's Institute, being described as "a pianist of rare ability." Cormontan was composing and copyrighting works for piano as late as December 1911.
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Ubersoft is a fictional computer software company run by an ethereal being from another plane, otherwise known as Mr. Bunny the Hoppy Computer Guy or just The Boss. Originally called Megasoft, the company was forced to change its name and logo due to software pirates copyrighting both. Famed for marketing tactics such as disabling software features until a customer pays for an upgrade to re-enable them, and implementing features into its software such as making it easier to exit programs by causing it to quit when a customer tries to print their documents, Ubersoft tries to be the bane of the existence of each of its customers. They also charge customers to receive bug fixes, claiming they are feature enhancements and are thus only needed by those customers who want them.
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Unlike film, television, and print items from the era, the copyright status of most recordings from the Golden Age of Radio is unclear. This is because, prior to 1972, the United States delegated the copyrighting of sound recordings to the individual states, many of which offered more generous common law copyright protections than the federal government offered for other media (some offered perpetual copyright, which has since been abolished; under the Music Modernization Act of September 2018, any sound recording 95 years old or older will be thrust into the public domain regardless of state law). The only exceptions are AFRS original productions, which are considered work of the United States government and thus both ineligible for federal copyright and outside the jurisdiction of any state; these programs are firmly in the public domain (this does not apply to programs carried by AFRS but produced by commercial networks). In practice, most old-time radio recordings are treated as orphan works: although there may still be a valid copyright on the program, it is seldom enforced.
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By law, the jury was not allowed to hear original recordings of the songs; instead, they heard an expert perform both songs in court using original sheet music. The trial concluded on June 23, 2016, with the jury, after one hour of deliberation, finding that Led Zeppelin was not guilty of copyright infringement, determining that while Plant and Page had access to "Taurus", the song's riff was not "intrinsically similar" to the opening of "Stairway." The Wolfe estate filed an appeal, and in September 2018, a three judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in San Francisco, California, citing a series of errors by the previous case's judge, threw out by a 3–0 ruling the 2016 district court's decision. According to the appeals court decision, the 2016 trial judge erred in failing to instruct jurors that the trustee could prevail if Wolfe had created a "sufficiently original combination" of "otherwise unprotectable music elements," and also in instructing jurors about the copyrighting of music elements in the public domain.
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" In addition, the publication was founded upon several core principals, including no anonymous authors with all authors identified, an open-access publication without subscriptions, no advertisements, and no copyrighting of articles, with all copyrights retained by authors. One year after its founding in the summer of 2013, editors-in- chief Ajay Major and Aleena Paul retooled the publication as a magazine focused on publishing narratives and reflection articles, and also released a new mission statement for the publication that focused on in-Training as a virtual platform that facilitated self-reflection, community and collaboration among medical students on the global stage. Editor-in-chief and founder Ajay Major explained the rationale for this change in the in-Training mission in an interview: > "...when we went live, we got a huge onslaught of articles in the realm of > humanism in medicine: talking about the first day in gross dissection, the > first patient dying, or the stresses of having a family in medical school. > We found that we had built a publication that reached out to this medical > student audience that so desperately wanted to write.
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The 2000 CD release includes four Cash-written bonus tracks from an unrelated January 15, 1993 demo session Cash did at LSI Studios in Nashville, to send to the Harry Fox Agency in New York for copyrighting purposes for the House of Cash, and were some of the last recordings Cash made before signing with American Recordings. The Return To The Promised Land soundtrack ends with an untitled 10-minute bonus track with John's mother, Carrie (aka "Mama Cash") who plays the piano, sings songs, reads her poetry and speaks of her memories of him as a little boy on their farm in rural Arkansas. This recording predated the Return to the Promised Land recording sessions and was a 1989 birthday present to Johnny Cash from Cash's publicist Hugh Waddell (producer of both Return to the Promised Land audio and video releases), so that Cash would always have his mother playing, singing and talking on tape, whenever he went on tour. A year after making these recordings, Cash would sign with Rick Rubin's American Recordings label, and see a period of career revival (which was under way by the time Return to the Promised Land eventually saw CD release).
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