While America lacks formal diplomatic relations with North Korea, messages are conveyed through the Swedish embassy in Pyongyang, which provides a consular service for US citizens.
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"The Norwegian consular service has visited the citizen that has been arrested in Moscow and is now in detention," said Frode Overland Andersen, a press spokesman for the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
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"It really makes you beg the question as to how the Australian government and its consular service and its foreign service forms its expertise on countries, especially somewhere like Ireland, of which they should know well," he told the Examiner.
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" Sweden's Foreign Ministry, which has twice summoned the Chinese ambassador for meetings, said on Tuesday: "Gui Minhai was seized while in the company of diplomatic personnel who were providing a consular service to a Swedish citizen in need of medical attention.
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They are determined to return, even if that means signing a waiver forsaking their right to consular service — a move they hope will make it easier for them to receive permission from the United States government to travel to the North.
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In 1911 Werner became British Consul-General in Foochow (Fuzhou). He left the consular service in 1914.
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Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Abkhazia :: Consular Service . Mfaabkhazia.org (2011-04-25). Retrieved on 30 May 2011.
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The American Foreign Service Association was preceded by The American Consular Service Association which was founded in the spring of 1918. In March 1919 the American Consular Service Association published the first issue of the American Consular Bulletin. The diplomatic and consular branches of the State Department were combined into a single Foreign Service by the Rogers Act of 1924 and, as a result, the American Consular Service Association gave way to the American Foreign Service Association. It was decided to continue the monthly American Consular Bulletin as the official publication of the expanded association.
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Sir Hiram Shaw Wilkinson served in British Consular Service in China and Japan for 40 years retiring as Chief Justice of the British Supreme Court for China and Corea. Sir James Russell was Chief Justice of Hong Kong. John Carey Hall served in the British Japan Consular Service for more than 40 years retiring as consul-general in Yokohama.
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Haggard's career with the Consular Service began when he was still a youth, in 1901. He was appointed to the foreign office of the General Consular Service, and then as the British Vice Consul at Guatemala, Central America in 1908. He became Vice Consul at Paris in 1914, and at La Paz in 1915. In 1918, Haggard was appointed as the Chargé d'Affaires in Bolivia.
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Sir Alexander Gollan (1840 – 5 May 1902) was a British diplomat who served 40 years in the consular service, ending as British Consul-General for Cuba 1892–1898.
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The staff of the foreign service belonged to a different branch than both the staff at the central office at the Ballhausplatz in Vienna and the consular service.
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The British Government asserts that British National (Overseas) passport holders enjoy the same level of consular service in third countries (outside the UK and PRC) as other British Nationals.
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From 1910 Flecker worked in the consular service in the Eastern Mediterranean. On a ship to Athens he met Helle Skiadaressi,Walker, Heather. Roses and Rain (2006). Melrose Books.
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There are several Maltese residents in India supported by the Maltese Consulate in New Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata that provide Consular service to them. Maltese firms like Malta Enterprises have a presence in India.
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Miéville joined the Far Eastern Consular Service in 1919 as a student interpreter of Chinese. From 1920 to 1927, he served as a private secretary and local vice-consul to successive British Ministers in Peking.
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In 1926 she was a member of the Budget Committee of the Community Chest. She wrote the biography of her husband, Memoir of General E.C. Bellows, who served for many years in the consular service in Japan.
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In 1868, Rutherford Alcock sent him to resolve the Yangzhou riot. He was criticized in Britain for his efforts. Medhurst retired from consular service on 1st January 1877 and was knighted on 20th March the same year.
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Article II, section 2 of the US Constitution authorized the President to appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, "Ambassadors, other public Ministers, and Consuls." From 1789 to 1924, the diplomatic service, which staffed US legations and embassies, and the consular service, which was primarily responsible for promoting American commerce and assisting distressed American sailors, developed separately. With small appropriations from Congress, overseas service could not be sustained based on salary alone. Diplomatic and consular service appointments fell on those with the financial means to sustain their work abroad.
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He then practiced law in Saint Paul, Minnesota. He served in the Minnesota State Senate from 1895 to 1898 as a Republican. Ozmun then served in the United States Consular Service. He was first stationed in Stuttgart, Germany.
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In 1879, Möllendorff assisted Li in procuring weapons and warships from the German companies Vulkan and Krupp. In 1881, Möllendorff left the German consular service because of his complicated relationship to the German minister in Beijing, Max von Brandt.
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After earning a B.A. from the University of Tokyo in 1955, Owada passed the civil service examinations to join the Diplomatic and Consular Service, now known as the Foreign Service.Hills, Ben. Princess Masako: Prisoner of the Chrysanthemum Throne, pp.37.
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Solf joined the German Foreign Office (Consular Service) on 12 December 1888 and was assigned to the Imperial German Consulate General in Calcutta on 1 January 1889. However, he resigned from the consular service after three years to study law at the University of Jena where he obtained his doctorate in law (Doktor juris) in September 1896. His advanced degrees qualified Solf for higher positions in the diplomatic service. He joined the Colonial Department of the Foreign Office (Kolonialabteilung des Auswärtigen Amtes) and in 1898 was assigned as district judge in Dar es Salaam in German East Africa for a short period.
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Margarete Gröwel (14 August 1899 - 20 January 1979) was a German teacher who became a politician (DZP, CDU). Later, in 1953, she became the first woman to serve in the German consular service in Houston.Helmut Stubbe da Luz: Margareta Gröwel. In: Günther Buchstab u.a.
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John Richardson Jr. (February 4, 1921Newsletter of the American Diplomatic and consular service, United States Department of State, 1969. At Google Books – December 26, 2014)Washington Post obituary John Richardson, Jr was United States Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs from 1969 to 1977.
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55 and oversaw the commencement of trade relations between the two nations.San Francisco Call, Volume 98, Number 154, 1 November 1905 Fleming D. Cheshire served in the Consular Service of the United States for 38 years. He is the grand-uncle of jazz musician Andrew Cheshire.
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Educated at Shrewsbury, Pilcher's entered the consular service after passing an open examination in 1935.London Gazette: Issue No. 34217, p. 27 (8 November 1935). His career in the Foreign Service was marked by appointment as one of His Majesty's Vice-Consuls in China in 1940.
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During World War I, Goschen established a relief fund for British citizens still living in Germany who had lost their means of income and for British POWs being held prisoner in Germany. The fund was primarily administered through the United States Consular Service, now the United States Foreign Service.
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32, available here at that stage the company was active also in Portugal and Northern Africa.ABC 12.07.22, available here London, 1930s In parallel to already stable and prosperous business, in January 1931 Oyarzun applied for resumption of consular service and was admitted as agregado commercial de segunda clase.
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Doyle spent a year as an English and History teacher but later pursued her interest in books and became a librarian."Anne Doyle bids farewell to RTÉ." RTÉ News, Sunday, 25 December 2011. She later joined Ireland's Department of Foreign Affairs as an Executive Officer in the consular service.
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By contrast, officials in the northern provinces tended to be Arabists often drawn from the diplomatic and consular service. Whereas northern provincial governors conferred regularly as a group with the governor general in Khartoum, their three southern colleagues met to coordinate activities with the governors of the British East African colonies.
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Between 1955 and 1967 a new design showing the country's coat of arms was issued. Several different types of these exist, and there were separate issues for Consular Service, Federal Revenue, Priority and Revenue. Between 1968 and 1969 a new design showing oil wells replaced the coat of arms issues.
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Student interpreter was, historically, an entry-level position in the British and American diplomatic and consular service, principally in China, Japan, Siam and, in the case of the United States, Turkey. It is no longer used as a title. A number of former student interpreters rose to senior diplomatic positions.
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Greene's opinion carried special weight at this time because Nelson T. Johnson, his former protégé in the consular service, had taken over responsibility for East Asian affairs within the State Department. Tension developed, however, between Greene and the Rockefeller Foundation. This was partly the result of Greene's character and style.
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However, Lansing was chosen as the new state capital in 1847, dashing Marshall's hopes. Gordon was later appointed to the consular service in South America by Zachary Taylor, and died there in 1853. Gordon's widow owned of the house until 1882, when it was purchased by Mrs. Flory Palmer, a local resident.
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Effective May 1963 Spekke became head of the Latvian Diplomatic and Consular Service. 1970 Spekke retired from office. Arnolds Spekke has received the Latvian Order of the Three Stars as well as French, Polish and Swedish orders. After World War II Spekke authored more than 15 important works on Latvian history and Livonian humanists.
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Lander dedicated himself to the consular service, leaving the details of the estate and its reponsibilites to Frederick. The family grew wealthy on the fees paid by the ships they serviced. When Frank arrived in 1845 with his sister he had nothing much to do. By this time the family had a new library.
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Douglas was in China with the consular service, from 1858 to 1865. He then became Professor of Chinese at King's College, London. He was vice president of the Royal Asiatic Society, and the first Keeper of the British Museum's new Department of Oriental Printed Books and Manuscripts when it was created in 1892. He died on 20 May 1913.
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In 2001-03 Nalyvaichenko worked as a general consul (adviser), for the Embassy of Ukraine, Washington, D.C. In 2003-04 he was a director of the Consular service department of MZS. In February 2004 Nalyvaichenko was appointed a deputy minister of MZS. In 2005-06 he served as the Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador of Ukraine to Belarus.
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85 later that year he entered the Spanish consular corpsEl Correo Español 01.04.11, available here; at that time consular service did not count as diplomacy, Oyarzun 1965, p. 85 and in 1912 was already vice- consul in Liverpool,El Eco de Navarra 11.04.12, available here holding the post also in 1913Guía Oficial de España 1913, p.
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His father was Walter Angelo Fox- Strangways, 8th Earl of Ilchester. Fox-Strangways was born in Port Tawfiq in Egypt while his father was serving in the British foreign consular service. He was educated at the now-defunct Kingsbridge Grammar School, and joined the Royal Air Force (RAF) as an apprentice in January 1936, aged 15.
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It administered health policy in Scotland between 1919 and 1928. In 1929 she worked for the new Department of Health for Scotland. She sat on the Committee on the Admission of Women to the Diplomatic and Consular Service. Her most prestigious appointment was with the Beveridge Committee representing the Department of Health, which formed the National Health Service.
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Reader Bullard was born in Walthamstow, the son of Charles, a dock labourer, and Mary Bullard. He was educated at the Monoux School there and later at Bancroft's School, Woodford Green, northeast London, and spent two years studying at Queens' College, Cambridge. He entered the Levant (Western Asia) Consular Service of the Foreign Office in 1906.
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After subsequent postings in North Africa he left the Consular Service apparently under a cloud. Tradition says that he and his wife became involved in the marble trade in Greece. After the death of J.M.W. Turner they retired to England and Joseph applied unsuccessfully to be curator of Turner's gallery. They settled in Lambeth, where his brother's family lived.
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Jordan was born in Balloo, County Down, Ireland, the son of John Jordan, a wealthy Presbyterian farmer, and his wife Mary (née Newell). He apparently never lost his Ulster accent. He was educated at the Royal Belfast Academical Institution, Queen's College, Belfast and Queen's College, Cork. In 1876 he joined the Chinese Consular Service as a student interpreter.
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Leopoldo Zunini (20 December 1868, Savona - June 1944, Sassello) was an Italian diplomat. Zunini joined the consular service in 1896. He was appointed to Marseilles, Bern, Tunis, Montevideo and Lima, before becoming Vice-Consul of Western Australia in 1902. In 1906 he wrote L'Australia attuale (published in 1910), translated in English in 1999 as Western Australia As It Is Today ().
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He was born in Marggrabowa, East Prussia, then in the Kingdom of Prussia (present-day Olecko, Mazury, Poland). He studied law from 1884-87 in Königsberg, East Prussia, and Leipzig. A period as a junior lawyer followed and later he received his doctorate of law. In 1893, he took up a career in diplomacy and entered the consular service in Berlin.
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Sir Herbert Phillips on his departure from Shanghai in 1940. Maj Gen Frank Keith Simmons is immediately behind him Phillips was born on 8 July 1878.Foreign Office List, 1919 Phillips joined the British China consular service as a student interpreter in 1898. In 1900, Phillips was appointed a 2nd Class Assistant and in 1903 appointed Acting Vice Consul in Tientsin (now Tianjin).
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The Australian government requested Gali's family not to publicize the case during her imprisonment period. Gali's release, her criticism of the Australian consular service and her lawsuit against the Starwood hotel network gained international media attention. The story was published in the Huffington Post, A 30-minute documentary film about the case was published in Yahoo! News Australia on the Sunday Night program.
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In 1945 Hay went to work for the consular service of the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs in Paris. A year later he was appointed Attaché de légation. Then in 1948 he was promoted to Class II Secretary of Legation making him responsible for Swiss economic and financial interests in France. In 1952 became an executive member of the European Payments Union.
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Article for Country Life magazine, UK, publ. June 1979. Six of the group were the sons of an army surgeon, Major Robert Winchester Fraser (1819-1892) and his wife Mary Ann Anderson (1820-1898), who married in 1842 and produced a total of nine children. There was one son, Michie, who worked for the Consular Service and remained a bachelor.
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Washburn was born in Middleborough, Massachusetts to Edward and Ann (White) Washburn. He graduated from Cornell University in 1889 and joined the Consular Service in 1890. He earned a LL.B. from Georgetown University after transferring from the University of Virginia in 1895. In 1897, he was appointed Assistant U.S. District Attorney in Massachusetts but transferred to the U.S. Treasury Department in 1900.
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During the 1950s, he worked for the Brazilian consular service in Paris and Rome. He often visited historian Sergio Buarque de Holanda (father of the musician Chico Buarque de Holanda), who was teaching in Italy as a visiting scholar. Vinicius with Pierre Seghers In 1951, Moraes married Lila Maria Esquerdo e Boscoli. He wrote film reviews for Samuel Wainer's Vargoist paper Ultima Hora.
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Wall was born in Mexborough in Yorkshire, the son of George William Wall, a passenger guard on the Great Central Railway, and Maria Ellen (née Moffatt) Wall. After Mexborough School, he studied English at Jesus College, Cambridge and received first-class honors. He also studied Arabic and took the Consular Service Examination. Wall married Eleanor Alexander Riesle on 20 January 1950 and they had one daughter.
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Sir Richard Ashton Beaumont (29 December 1912 – 23 January 2009) was a British diplomat and Arabist who spent most his diplomatic career serving in the Arab world. Educated at Repton School and Oriel College, Oxford, Beaumont joined the Consular Service in 1936, and was sent to Lebanon and Syria. In 1941 he joined the Army and served in Palestine. In 1944 he returned to the Foreign Office.
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He was appointed to a post in the Consular Service of China in 1863 going first to Peking (Beijing). He was then posted in 1887-1888 as Acting Consul General in Corea (Korea), in Canton (Guangdong) 1891-1893 and then until April, 1895, Consul in Foochow (Fuzhou), when failing health forced him to retire after 32 years' service in the Far East.Bushell, S W. 'Thomas Watters - Obituary'.
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Alexander Telford Waugh was born in London on 22 October 1865 and educated at St John's School, Leatherhead, Forest School and in Germany. In 1885, Waugh joined the Levant Consular Service as a student interpreter. He saw service in Albania, where Turkish authority was on the wane, and in Turkish Kurdistan soon after the Hamidian massacres. Waugh was appointed vice-consul at Constantinople in March 1900.
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John Patrick Bashford was born at Beuthen, Germany, now Bytom, Poland. His parents were Maria who was Polish and Roderick who was British. Both worked for the British Consular Service in Germany until the Second World War, when they were transferred to Sweden. Bashford was educated at Wells House prep school in Malvern, St Paul's, southwest London, and then at the Guildhall School of Music.
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In 1959 he headed the legal service and consular service of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He was made Ghana's ambassador to Romania in Bucharest from 1962 to 1966. From 1963 to 1966 he was resident representative of Ghana before the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna. From 1965 to 1967 he was Ghana's Ambassador to France in Paris and Permanent Representative to Unesco.
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Harrison appreciated the forces of nationalism and imperialism which were inevitably pulling the United States onward into playing a more important part in world affairs as it grew rapidly in financial and economic prowess. While the ineffective diplomatic corps was still mired in patronage, the rapidly growing consular service vigorously promoted commerce abroad.Milton Plesur, "America Looking Outward: The Years From Hayes to Harrison." The Historian 22.3 (1960): 280-295.
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George entered the Diplomatic Service in the China Consular Service on 23 October 1908 and was posted to the legation in Peking as a student interpreter. He was promoted to be a second assistant in 1915.Foreign Office List, 1917 After many years service he rose to be appointed a Vice-Consul in China on 27 August 1926. On 27 September 1929 George was appointed a Consul-General in China.
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On 18 February 1936 Norway awarded him the Order of Saint Olav for his consular service on its behalf. However, the honour was overshadowed by tragedy; on 14 March 1936 his mother died at her home at 6 Wentworth Road, Vaucluse, Australia. Brewster-Joske subsequently changed his surname via deed poll to Brewster on 18 November 1938. In the process, he was noted as "a natural born British subject".
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The British legation in Japan, Yokohama, 1865 painting. The former British Consulate in Yokohama (now Yokohama Archives of History) Britain had a functioning consular service in Japan from 1859 after the signing of the 1858 Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Amity and Commerce between James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin and the Tokugawa Shogunate until 1941 when Japan invaded British colonial empire and declared war on the United Kingdom.
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Grant Jones came to China in 1902 as a student interpreter with the China Consular Service, having passed a competitive exam. He was promoted to be a 2nd Class Assistant on July 15, 1909. He served in various consular capacities around China, including Shanghai, Chongqing, Hankow and Changsha. He was promoted to Consul in 1926 in Harbin and served as Consul there and in Amoy (Xiamen) until 1931.
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The government in exile, including the royal family, escaped to London. Politics were suspended and the government coordinated action with the Allies, retained control of a worldwide diplomatic and consular service, and operated the huge Norwegian merchant marine. It organized and supervised the resistance within Norway. One long-term impact was the abandonment of a traditional Scandinavian policy of neutrality; Norway became a founding member of NATO in 1949.
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Jamieson retired from consular service due to ill health at the end of April 1899. After retirement, he became a director of the British and Chinese Corporation, the Chinese Central Railways and Yangtse Valley Company. He also helped establish a "China League" due to disagreements with the policies of the China Association.The Deseret News - 5 Sep 1900 After this was patched up, he served as the president of the China Association from 1914 to 1917.
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She had a brother, William Hugh Montgomery Sinclair (1868–1930) who was a barrister from 1897 before joining the consular service in 1900. She also had a sister Rosabelle. Little is known about her life but she began to receive notice for her woodwork especially when she won a prize for a folding chair at the 1890 show of the Royal Dublin Society. She taught woodwork in Bonnyglen, Dunkineely, and Donegal town.
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Pratt spent his childhood years in Enfield, in the County of Middlesex. He was the youngest of nine children, and following his mother's death was brought up by his elder siblings. He received his early education at Enfield Grammar School, and later at the public schools of Uppingham School and Merchant Taylors' School. After this, he attended King's College London where he took studies aimed at a career with the British Government's Consular Service.
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The Consular Service was established with officials who were expected to serve their entire careers in Japan. The entry-level position was as student interpreter who were expected to learn Japanese. In the early years almost all dealings with Japanese officials were in Japanese and British consular officials had a high standard in the spoken and written language.I Nish, Britain and Japan, Biographical Portraits, p99 This declined over time as more Japanese officials learnt English.
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Román Oyarzun Oyarzun (1882-1968) was a Spanish political activist, publisher, diplomat, entrepreneur and historian. He is best known as author of Historia del Carlismo (1939), for half a century a key reference work on history of Carlism and today considered the classic lecture of Traditionalist historiography. He is also acknowledged as member of the Spanish consular service, briefly editor of a daily El Correo de Guipúzcoa and a Carlist militant himself.
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Industry along Akerselva in Oslo in 1912 With the four-party Michelsen's Cabinet appointed in 1905, Parliament voted to establish a Norwegian consular service. This was rejected by the king and on 7 June Parliament unanimously approved the dissolution of the union. In the following dissolution referendum, only 184 people voted in favor of a union. The government offered the Norwegian crown to Denmark's Prince Carl, who after a plebiscite became Haakon VII.
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Already in Europe on a George W. Dillaway fellowship, Chandler obtained a job in the United States Consular Service as the secretary of the American envoy in Portugal, Charles Page Bryan. The State Department sent him to Japan, where he studied interpreting, and then to Formosa and Manchuria as vice consul. In 1908 he was sent to Montevideo, Uruguay—the beginning of his Latin American experience.Avenius, "Charles Lyon Chandler", pp. 170–171.
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In 1924, having being admitted to practice before the United States Court for China, Allman retired from consular service and practised law in Shanghai.Register of the Department of State, April 7, 1924 He also served as honorary Mexican consul in Shanghai. From 1937, he took over the running of as the editor of the Chinese language Shun Pao newspaper. He was placed on a Japanese black list because of the paper's editorial policies.
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He was born on 11 March 1884 in Double Bay, New South Wales to Jane de Brixton Price and George Knox. Knox attended Malvern College in England and entered the Levant Consular Service in early 1906. The first two years of his training involved studying languages at Trinity College, Cambridge. As a diplomat, Knox was first stationed in Persia, where he became acting consul at Kermanshah and Shiraz in 1910 and 1911, respectively.
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He was appointed Oriental Secretary in 1926, a position which he held until 1944. Partway through his time in Iraq he transferred to the Levant Consular Service. Holt also served as British representative to the Mandates Commission of the League of Nations. In 1930, while serving with the British Embassy in Baghdad, the tall and soldierly Holt was noticed by Freya Stark, who pinned her romantic hopes on him until he rejected her declaration of love.
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Section 1 provided for the issuance of non-renewable alien's passports of six months' validity to non-citizens who had lived in the United States for three years and had made a declaration of intention to become U.S. citizens. This provision was repealed by the Act of June 4, 1920 (, An Act Making appropriations for the Diplomatic and Consular Service for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1921).; see also the text of the 1920 Act on Wikisource.
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King Oscar II, last king of the union of Sweden and Norway. He remained Sweden's king after Norway's independence in 1905. The union between Norway and Sweden, imposed by the Great Powers in 1814, had been under considerable strain through the 1890s, the chief issue in question being Norway's rights to its own consular service. Nansen, although not by inclination a politician, had spoken out on the issue on several occasions in defence of Norway's interests.
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He was born at Brunn in Mecklenburg- Schwerin. He served as an officer of Prussian hussars (1850–1855), entered the consular service and after employment at New York City (1879) and Constantinople (1880) was appointed to Marseilles (1881), and then to Christiania (1889), retiring in 1892. He published about thirty volumes, mostly of lyrics and aphorisms, including Gedichte ("Poems", 3rd ed. 1861), Aus den Kämpfen des Lebens (i868), Deutsche Träume, deutsche Siege (1876), ' (1880), Es war ein Traum (1902).
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Sir Philip George Doyne Adams KCMG (17 December 1915 – 14 October 2001) was a British career diplomat. He was born in Wellington, New Zealand and was educated at Lancing College, Sussex, before going on to read Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE) at Christ Church, Oxford. He joined the Levant Consular Service in 1938 and was posted as a probationary Vice-Consul to Beirut. During the Second World War he was an Intelligence Officer in the Australian Army.
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Smallbones joined the British Foreign Office (Consular Service) on 13 October 1910, and served as Vice-Consul in Portuguese West Africa (present- day Angola),The Times (London) – 4/11/2011 -Robert Smallbones where he was active in work to bring an end to slavery.Miers (1989), p.423 On 24 December 1914 he was appointed Consul at Stavanger in Norway. Smallbones was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire in the New Years Honours List of 1918.
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George Carleton met Harriet Lang Boutelle, who had come to Canton as a YWCA secretary.Harriet Lang Boutelle 1908 They married on June 26, 1918 in Chelsea, Massachusetts.Report of Birth of Children Born to American Parents, American Consular Service; 1919, 1928 Carleton Lacy's son, Creighton Boutelle "Corky" Lacy, was a long-time professor of World Christianity at the Duke Divinity School. Born in Kuling on May 31, 1919, Creighton Lacy grew up in Shanghai and attended Shanghai American School.
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He chose a diplomatic career in the Near East because "[James Elroy] Flecker, whose poetry I had loved in my school days, had been in the Levant Consular Service", and owing to "a liking for travel and oriental philology"."Time, A Falconer" by Mark Valentine, Tartarus Press, 2010. During 1933, Wall was posted initially as Probationer Vice-Consul at Beirut, Lebanon. Subsequently, he was stationed at Jeddah in Saudi Arabia, Tabriz and Esfahan in Iran, and Casablanca in Morocco.
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After Germany swept to control in April 1940, the government in exile, including the royal family, was based in London. Politics were suspended and the government coordinated action with the Allies, retained control of a worldwide diplomatic and consular service, and operated the huge Norwegian merchant marine. It organized and supervised the resistance within Norway. One long-term impact was the abandonment of a traditional Scandinavian policy of neutrality; Norway became a founding member of NATO in 1949.
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Singapore's chief diplomatic mission to the United States is the Singaporean Embassy in Washington, D.C.. It is further supported by many consulates located through the United States. The Singaporean Government maintains consulates-general in several major U.S. cities including: Chicago, Miami, Houston, New York CityAlso serves as the regional consular service for eastern Canada after the closure of Singapore's consulate in Toronto. and San Francisco. The current Singaporean ambassador to the United States is Ashok Mirpuri.
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Stead was born in Washington, D.C. and educated at the University of Virginia. He left the U.S. consular service around 1917 and was a student at Queen's College, Oxford, publishing verses in Oxford poetry. He was ordained and spent time in Italy, before returning to Oxford and Worcester College as a Fellow. Stead was a friend of T. S. Eliot, and close to him at the time of his 1927 religious conversion, baptising him in the Church of England.
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William Alfred Pickwoad was born in BelizeCertificate of Marriage, American Consular Service, Antofagasta, Chile, 27 August 1929 as a British subject on 24 May 1886, the son of Robert Williams Pickwoad and Helen Marian Pickwoad.Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes. Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003 He was educated at Bedford Modern School and St John's School, Hurstpierpoint. His brother, Howell Pickwoad, was the father of the actor William Mervyn Pickwoad.
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Sikorski returned to Poland in August 1989. He briefly served as deputy defence minister in the Jan Olszewski government in 1992, in which he helped launch the Polish bid to join NATO. From 1998 to 2001, Sikorski served as undersecretary of state at the ministry of foreign affairs in the Jerzy Buzek's government, being deputy first to Bronisław Geremek, and then to Władysław Bartoszewski. He oversaw the consular service and initiated reforms of services for Poles abroad.
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William O. Hall was born May 22, 1914, in Roswell, New Mexico. He moved with his family to Prineville, Oregon when he was seven years old. He graduated Phi Beta Kappa from the University of Oregon in 1936, pursued graduate studies at the University of Minnesota, served in the U.S. Navy during World War II, and served in the U.S. Foreign Service thereafter. He worked in the consular service, the United Nations, and the Agency for International Development.
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In 1891 he was appointed as a British consul, a profession he followed for more than 20 years. Influenced by the Boer War and his investigation into colonial atrocities against indigenous peoples, Casement grew to mistrust imperialism. After retiring from consular service in 1913, he became more involved with Irish republicanism and other separatist movements. During World War I he made efforts to gain German military aid for the 1916 Easter Rising that sought to gain Irish independence.
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In 1887 he was made a Fellow of Pembroke, and then paid an extended visit to Iran. He returned to become university lecturer in Persian. In April 1902 he was elected Sir Thomas Adams's Professor of Arabic at the University of Cambridge. Browne was mainly responsible for the creation at Cambridge of a school of living languages of Asia, in connection with the training of candidates for the Egyptian and Sudanese civil services, and the Lebanese consular service.
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The briefing books that were given to him tell him little about the New Texans and their culture and the contents of the trunk that was put aboard the ship for him appall him: contrary to the practices of the Consular Service, he will be obliged to dress in native costume and to carry a pair of automatic pistols in ejection holsters. Evidence he finds while surreptitiously searching Hoddy's quarters implies that he's being set up for assassination, with the approval of the Consular Service. Silk is welcomed to New Texas with a giant barbecue, where he sees a trial and learns that assassination of politicians is a legitimate part of the New Texan political process as long as the assassin can show that his victim “needed killin'”. Back at the embassy he learns more about the murder of Silas Cumshaw, in particular the fact that the killers, three young members of the vile Bonney clan, will be going on trial as assassins, not as common murderers, in three days.
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Marjoribanks was first appointed probationary Vice-Consul in the British Chinese Consular Service in Peking and took up his post on 12 January 1935.“The Foreign Office List and Diplomatic and Consular Year Book 1965”, Page 310, Warrison and Sons Ltd., London He spent much of his first two years in China learning Mandarin, which he quickly spoke fluently, much to the admiration of his colleagues. At a consular cocktail party, he was asked by the first secretary to mix the cocktails beforehand.
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Nonetheless, Stahel verified Mosby's complaints, and former Union Cavalry Major William H. Forbes (who had once stabbed Col. Mosby's coat during an engagement) who now headed Russell and Co. (major traders in the Far East, including of opium) also supported Mosby against Bailey, Seward and their newspaper friends. Alexander McClure of the Philadelphia Times agitated to clean up the consular service. Fred Seward, amidst charges that he was shielding the rascals, resigned by October 1879, and was replaced by John Hay.
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Taking the original ideas, Root worked with Senator Henry Cabot Lodge and succeeded in passing a merit-based bill for the consular service in 1906. Carr began his initial overseas tour in London in 1916. He noted tensions between the diplomatic and consular corps in London and was "shocked to see the staff still wearing top hats and long-tailed coats to work each day". He was further surprised when he heard some of the American diplomatic staff speaking with British accents.
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Hall entered Her Majesty's Consular Service in Japan in 1868, as a student interpreter. Hall spoke fluent Japanese as a result of this time in consular service.See Hansard HL Deb 27 September 1909 vol 3 cc361-83 at 364-5 on the role of student interpreter and their expected proficiency in the language they learn Hall was appointed, acting Vice-Consul at Yedo (Tokyo) between 1869 and 1870. He was called to the bar of the Middle Temple in 1881.
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Joseph Henry Longford (25 June 1849 in Dublin – 12 May 1925 in London) was a British consular official in the British Japan Consular Service from 24 February 1869 until 15 August 1902. He was Consul in Formosa (1895-97) after the First Sino-Japanese War and at Nagasaki (1897–1902). After retiring from the service he became the first Professor of Japanese at King's College London until 1916, and then an emeritus professor of the University of London. He was awarded a D.Litt.
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José Angel Sánchez Asiaín, Economía y finanzas en la guerra civil española, Madrid 2012, , p. 70 It is not clear whether Oyarzun joined the body; he was rather noted for presence in other minor economy-related institutions.in 1937 Oyarzun was noted as Presidente of Comité Sindical de Fertilizantes, another body working under Junta Técnica de Estado and heavily related to producing explosives, Boletin Oficial de la Provincia de Soría 24.11.37, available here In 1939 he resumed consular service, posted to Perpignan.
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The elevation of one of such humble means to the rank of ambassadress was highly unusual for the times. It was explained in part by the almost equally unconventional career of her husband, who entered the Consular Service at the relatively late age of thirty-three and was amongst only a small handful of consuls who crossed the rickety bridge into the mainstream Diplomatic Service. Wives inevitably found themselves on the receiving end of the residual snobbery directed towards such upstarts.
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Lex soli is a law used in practice to regulate who and under what circumstances an individual can assert the right of jus soli. Most states provide a specific lex soli—in application of the respective jus soli—and it is the most common means of acquiring nationality. However, a frequent exception to lex soli is imposed when a child is born to a parent in the diplomatic or consular service of another state on a mission to the state in question.Guimezanes, Nicole.
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Shaw returned to St. Lawrence University after the Civil War, but left before completing his degree. In 1866, he was a successful Republican candidate for the New York State Assembly from the 2nd District of Jefferson County, and he served in the 90th New York State Legislature (1867). In 1868, Shaw was appointed as United States consul in Toronto, Canada. He served until 1878, and Hamilton Fish, Secretary of State, commended Shaw's written reports as the best in the consular service.
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Sir Peter Fenwick Holmes (27 September 1932 – 8 March 2002) was a British businessman, chairman of Royal Dutch Shell from 1985 to 1993. Holmes was born in Athens, and lived in Hungary for a time, as his father had a company there, and his mother was American. His grandfather and great grandfather lived in Turkey, where they worked for the Levant consular service. Holmes was educated at Malvern College, and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he received a bachelor's degree in history.
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Casement was more impressed by Arthur Griffith's new Sinn Féin party (founded 1905), which called for an independent Ireland (through a non-violent series of strikes and boycotts) whose sole imperial tie would be a dual monarchy between Britain and Ireland, modeled on the policy example of Ferenc Deák in Hungary. Casement joined the party in 1905.Brian Inglis, Roger Casement; Harcourt Jovanovich, 1974; pp. 118–20; 134–39 Casement retired from the British consular service in the summer of 1913.
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Before her retirement in 1946 she became Scottish Controller of the Ministry of National Insurance. She sat on the Ryan Committee which examined health insurance, and on the Committee on Admission of Women on the Diplomatic and Consular Service. She is remembered for her work in public health, health insurance, and in her promotion of women in public life. Her most important contribution was to the Beveridge Committee, which was instrumental in helping to establish the National Health Service of the United Kingdom.
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Gubbins was appointed a student interpreter in the British Japan Consular Service in 1871. He was English Secretary to the Conference at Tokyo for the Revision of the Treaties, after Ernest Satow left Japan in 1883. On 1 June 1889, he was appointed Japanese Secretary at Tokyo. He was employed in London at the Foreign Office from February to July 1894 in the Aoki-Kimberley negotiations which resulted in the Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (16 July 1894).
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During the period of the Young Turks, when the national struggle was being conducted by political representatives, the Greek internal organization was careful to act in secret, revealing its presence solely to selected officials. The Balkan Wars brought victory to Greece and led to the union of Macedonia with Greece. Since the consular service was no longer required, the building was thereafter utilized for other purposes. In 1915, the Agricultural Bank of Macedonia operated on its ground floor and basement.
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Henry Jean-Marie Levet (1874–1906) was a French diplomat and poet. Levet worked in the French consular service in his late twenties, but in his early twenties he was only a couple of years older than the more famous poet Leon- Paul Fargue, and they knew each other as young men in the café scene in Paris. Fargue related that Levet loved maps, compasses, and wore beautifully cut English-style suits. He was always willing to help out those with less money.
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Indonesia's first representative in Australia, Usman Sastroamidjojo, was assigned in June 1947 during the Indonesian National Revolution as "chief of the diplomatic and consular service for the Indonesian Republic". Initially located in Melbourne, the representation moved to Canberra in 1949, moving from Hotel Canberra to Deakin before permanently establishing itself in the current embassy location at Yarralumla on August 1971. The building itself had commenced construction since January 1970. The original building was designed by George Holland, and featured a display pavilion called "Wisma Wista Budaya".
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Wilkinson entered Her Majesty's Consular Service in Japan in 1864, as a student interpreter. Wilkinson spoke fluent Japanese as a result of this time in consular service.See Hansard HL Deb 27 September 1909 vol 3 cc361-83 at 364–5 on the role of student interpreter and their expected proficiency in the language they learn In 1872, Hiram Shaw Wilkinson was admitted to the bar of the Middle Temple. He would go on to serve in several legal and judicial offices in the Far East.
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In 1868 or 1869, the McCartees adopted Kin Yamei (1864–1934), the daughter of Christian colleagues who succumbed to disease when she was two years old.Chow, Kai Wing; Lee & Stefanowska (1998) She became the first Chinese woman doctor educated abroad. In addition to his medical work, he became an adviser and interpreter for American officials and was later vice-consul in Chefoo (present-day Yantai) and Shanghai. McCartee acted in place of an American Consul until a regular consular service was set up in 1857.
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Members of the Consular Service wore court uniforms with silver braiding according to rank, in contrast to the gold of diplomatic officers. The King's or Queen's Foreign Service Messengers were entitled to '5th Class' court uniform, upgraded to '4th Class' in 1929. Until about 1965 Foreign Office Regulations and Consular Instructions had required even junior foreign service officers to acquire this formal dress, following completion of their probation period. However, by the end of the 20th century the use of this uniform had greatly diminished.
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After serving in World War I, in France, Vrest entered the class of 1923 at Harvard. He served briefly in the U.S. Consular Service before moving to New York City in 1925. There he was on the staff of H.L. Mencken’s American Mercury, Alfred Knopf publishers, the Saturday Review of Literature, Life magazine, and in 1929 founded the international book collector’s magazine, The Colophon. During this time, Vrest became known as an authority on typography and book collecting and published many articles about various American writers.
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Gilbert Henry Collins (1890 – 1960) was a British author of adventure and detective fiction.Who Was Who in Literature 1906-1934, Gale Research Company, 1979 He was born in Southampton to Henry Collins, a merchant, and his wife Harriett. He was educated at King Edward VI School and served as a Gunner in the Royal Garrison Artillery during the First World War.Medal index card for Gilbert Henry Collins, National Archives, Kew, England. From 1919 through 1922 he served as a member of the British Consular Service in China.
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Agüero was a legal advisor to the Honduran Private Business Council and an associate at Lópes Rodezno law firm. She began working at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation in 2010, and in 2013 joined the Diplomatic and Consular Service of Honduras. Agüero was appointed Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs in December 2015 and became acting Foreign Minister under President Juan Orlando Hernandez in April 2016 after the resignation of Arturo Corrales. She was officially appointed as Minister on 27 March 2017.
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Before the founding of Sandakan, Sulu Archipelago was the source of dispute between Spain and the Sultanate of Sulu for economic dominance in the region. By 1864, Spain had blockaded the Sultanate possessions in the Sulu Archipelago. The Sultanate of Sulu awarded a German consular service ex-member a piece of land in the Sandakan Bay to seek protection from Germany. In 1878, the Sultanate sold north-eastern Borneo to an Austro-Hungarian consul who later left the territory to a British colonial merchant.
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Having been rebuffed by the Consular Service before the war due to his social standing, Phillips joined the Diplomatic Service in 1947, and served successively in Persia, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, Aden, and Iran. He was British ambassador to Indonesia from 1966 to 1968. That year, he was selected as the British ambassador to Saudi Arabia. Having given their agrément, the Saudi government withdrew it when it was learned that Phillips was Jewish, even though Phillips had previously served in Saudi Arabia without any incident.
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Virginia Hall was born in Baltimore, Maryland, to Barbara Virginia Hammel and Edwin Lee Hall. She attended Roland Park Country School and then Radcliffe College and Barnard College (Columbia University), where she studied French, Italian, and German. She also attended George Washington University, where she studied French and Economics. She wanted to finish her studies in Europe, so she traveled the Continent and studied in France, Germany, and Austria, finally landing an appointment as a Consular Service clerk at the American Embassy in Warsaw, Poland in 1931.
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Jamieson joined the British China consular service as a student interpreter in 1864. In 1867, Jamieson was appointed a 2nd Class Assistant and in 1868 appointed Acting Consul in Tainan, Taiwan. In 1869, he was appointed Acting Law Secretary of the British Supreme Court for China and Japan when Robert Mowat went on long leave to study for the bar. Jamieson was originally admitted to the bar of the Inner Temple in 1871 during long leave at home in England, but was in 1880 called to the bar of the Middle Temple.
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Bullock had a 34-year career in the British Consular Service starting in 1913 when his first posting was to New Orleans to deal with British refugees from the Mexican Revolution. In 1914, he was sent to Fernando Pó where he organised operations against the German Cameroons in the run-up to World War I. By 1916, he was in Marseille and moved on to Lima in 1917. In 1922, he was posted to Le Havre, followed by Zagreb in 1926 and also to Addis Ababa. In 1935 he became British consul in Lyons.
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Donald St Clair Gainer was educated at Charterhouse and then in Germany and France. He joined the British Consular Service in 1915 and was vice-consul successively in several towns in Norway (Narvik, Vardø, Christianssand, Tromsø, Bergen), then in Havana where he was chargé d'affaires between ambassadors. After serving at Rotterdam and Munich he was sent in 1929 to set up a new consular post at Breslau (now Wrocław, western Poland). He was Consul-General in Mexico 1931–32, then at Munich 1932–38 'Batavia' is a misprint for 'Bavaria' and Vienna 1938–39.
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As a young man, Pierre's engineering studies at Zurich University were abruptly halted when he was struck in the eye by a tennis ball. This accident resulted in the loss of sight in that eye. After this accident he went to live in Paris where his spare time was spent in the night clubs where Cuban and other Latin immigrants enjoyed their music and dances. He next worked in the French consular service in Liverpool, but was forced to resign when the eye strain began to affect the sighted eye.
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Thus, when the war ended he was selected under the special recruitment scheme for filling vacancies caused by the war and appointed to the Levant Consular Service. After a short period of training in Oriental languages at King's College, Cambridge, he went as Vice-Consul to Thessaloniki, and soon after became third Dragoman at Constantinople. When the Turkish capital moved to Ankara and the office of Dragoman was abolished, Helm went there as Second Secretary. He served there as Consul, and in 1930 was transferred to the Foreign Office, working in the Eastern Department.
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During her stormy adolescence, Tillyard underwent several mystico-religious experiences as a result of which she decided to dedicate her life to God's service. Bizarre manifestations of her dedication persuaded her parents that marriage was the only means of normalising her. On 19 January 1907 Tillyard reluctantly married Greco- American Constantine Cleanthes Graham (born Michaelides); they had two daughters, Elizabeth Mary Alethea in 1908 and Aelfrida Catharine Agatha in 1910. From 1907 until 1914 the Grahams lived in Russia, the United States, Germany and France as Constantine's Consular Service career dictated.
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October 1, 1995 formed the Faculty of International Relations. December 1, 1995 at the Faculty created Department of International Economic Relations, English, Romance and Germanic languages Department. September 1, 1996 were added to the Department of Oriental Languages and the Department of the diplomatic and consular service. In October 1998, a department of international tourism, in August 2000, the Department of Customs and the Department of Private International and European Law, and in September of the faculty included Theory and methods of teaching Russian as a foreign language.
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Lionel Charles Hopkins or L. C. Hopkins (1854–1952) was a British Sinologist noted for his study of the Chinese language. He was known for his collection of oracle bones that were later donated to Cambridge University Library, where many were discovered to have been forgeries. Hopkins went to Beijing in 1874 as part of the consular service. In 1898 he was British Consul at Chefoo,Marlborough Express — 28 July 1898 and in February 1902 he was appointed Consul-General for the Provinces Chihli and Shanxi, to reside in Tientsin.
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The Reorganization Act of 5 April 1906 regularized consular service with fixed tenures of office, fixed salaries, a system of promotion, and seven position classes including consuls general and consuls. This changed the prevailing trend, and in June 1908, the post of consular agency was raised to the rank of a consulate. In December 1908, with the recommendation by the U.S. Department of State, Nathaniel B. Stewart was appointed as the first representative of the American government with the title of Consul in Madras, who served the next two years.
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Cartas de Inglaterra ("Letters from England") is a collection of journalism by the 19th-century Portuguese novelist Eça de Queiroz. He worked in the Portuguese consular service and was stationed at Newcastle upon Tyne from late 1874 until April 1879; from then until 1888 he was at Bristol. During this period he published O Primo Basílio ("Cousin Bazilio") and Os Maias ("The Maias"), but he was also writing occasional London letters for the Lisbon daily newspaper Diário de Notícias. Some of these afterwards appeared in book form as Cartas de Inglaterra.
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Hamson was born in Constantinople, the son of Charles Edward Hamson, a vice-consul in the Levant Consular Service, and of Thérèse Boudon. He was educated at Downside School and at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was a scholar, obtaining Firsts in both parts of the Classical Tripos in 1925 and 1927 respectively. He then turned to the study of law, obtaining taking the LL.B. in 1934 and the LL.M. in 1935. Between 1928 and 1929 he was Davidson Scholar at Harvard and in 1932 he won the Yorke Prize.
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In Chinese, passport is huzhao, meaning "protection document". Consular service is provided by the Chinese government to Chinese passport holders (including Hong Kong and Macau SAR passport holders) and Taiwanese (Republic of China passport holders). Recent consular protection activities include: Due to a volcano eruption on Bali island, Indonesia in Nov 2017, over 17,000 Chinese citizens couldn't return to China on time. When the Bali airport opened temporarily on Nov 29th 2017, the Chinese government organized chartered flights with two state owned airlines: China Southern Airlines and China Eastern Airlines.
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Mowat joined the British China Consular Service in 1864 as a student interpreter. In 1866, he was appointed Acting Law Secretary of the British Supreme Court for China and Japan in Shanghai. He was appointed to the substantive position in 1868. In 1869 Mowat went on long leave to study for the bar and was admitted to the bar of the Inner Temple in 1871.The Law Magazine and Review, Vol 31 In 1876, he was appointed "Deputy Chief Judge", while the Acting Judge of the court, Charles Wycliffe Goodwin was in Yokohama.
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Charles Lyon Chandler (1883June 29, 1962) was an American consul and historian of Latin America–United States relations. A Harvard graduate who came to South America in the Consular Service, he became a student and proponent of Pan- Americanism. His pioneering 1915 book Inter-American Acquaintances proposed a new, Pan-American origin for the Monroe Doctrine. After being denied a permanent diplomatic appointment he worked for the Southern Railway and the Corn Exchange Bank; at the same time he became a respected independent scholar who helped found the Hispanic American Historical Review.
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Since the 1897 "truce" Emin Arslan was designated Consul General of the Ottoman Empire in Bordeaux and almost immediately transferred to Brussels, where he stayed at office until 1908. In Belgium Arslan befriended Roland de Marès (1874–1955), director of L'indépendance belge newspaper, and jurist Ernest Nys. Despite joining the Ottoman consular service Arslan kept publishing articles, sometime with heavy criticism against the government. As a 1900 article in The Nation quoted: > A new advocate for reform in Turkey has risen in Emin Arslan Effendi, the > Consul General in Brussels.
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To build a foreign professional service, with a special decision of the Council of Ministers, in October 1920, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, M.Konica, was asked to find a consul from the old Austrian consuls to be hired for a 2-year period for organizing Albanian consulates and serving as teachers for those who wanted to enter the consular service of Albania. Then, in August 1921, the National Council (parliament), upon the proposal of the Foreign Policy Committee, decided to open the Albanian consulates in Brindisi, Trieste and Florence.
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Margary was born in the city of Belgaum, in British India as the third son of Major General Henry Joshua Margary (d. 1876). Margary was educated in France, at Brighton College and University College in London. Having failed the entrance exam for the foreign service three times, Margary finally passed the exam and was appointed student interpreter in the British consular service in China in February 1867 and left for China the following month. In China, he served in the British Legation in Beijing, and the British consulates in Taiwan, Shanghai and Yantai.
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" His objective was "to look at the accounts of consular officers and to find out how their affairs were conducted abroad." Engaged in the assignment from August 1870 through December 1872, Keim traveled a total of 47,685 miles while "visiting posts in Japan, China, the Malay Peninsula, Java, India, and Egypt, and on the east and west coasts of Latin America, including the Isthmus of Panama, Ecuador, Peru, Chile, Uruguay, and Brazil".Kennedy, Charles Stuart." Of his experiences, said Keim:The American Consul: A History of the United State Consular Service, 1776-1924. Washington, D.C.: New Academia Publishing, LLC, 2015. .
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147 On 23 May the Storting passed the Consulate Act establishing a separate consular service. King Oscar refused his assent; on 27 May the Norwegian cabinet resigned, but the king would not recognise this step. On 7 June the Storting unilaterally announced that the union with Sweden was dissolved. In a tense situation the Swedish government agreed to Norway's request that the dissolution should be put to a referendum of the Norwegian people. This was held on 13 August 1905 and resulted in an overwhelming vote for independence, at which point King Oscar relinquished the crown of Norway while retaining the Swedish throne.
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Apart from these, between the early 1960s and 1968 designs of revenues from Tripolitania and Cyrenaica were reissued with altered inscriptions for use in all of Libya. After the Kingdom was overthrown by a coup d'état led by Muammar Gaddafi in 1969, revenues of the Kingdom were overprinted L.A.R. in Arabic. A new design with a central octagon with rounded edges, surrounded by four rectangular panels was issued around 1970, and this design was reissued several times. A keytype with the country's coats of arms was issued for Consular Service, Passport Fees and War Tax between 1970 and 2002.
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The King's or Queen's Foreign Service Messengers were entitled to 5th class court uniform (upgraded to 4th class in 1929) and also wore a distinctive greyhound badge. Members of the Consular Service wore a slightly different form of the uniform, with silver embroidery rather than gold predominating. The coatee (for both full-dress and levée dress) was in blue cloth, with a Prussian collar, single-breasted buttoning with nine frosted gilt buttons of royal arms, two more buttons on back waist, two more on coat tails. Consuls- general and consuls had embroidered gold and silver lace on collar, cuffs, pocket flaps, and back.
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Hainworth joined the Consular Service in 1939 and in 1940 he was posted to the embassy in Tokyo. He was in Japan on the day of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, and had to wait six months for repatriation, by which time the first American air raids on Tokyo were already taking place. Hainworth was subsequently deployed to the Ministry of Information in Delhi, where he was employed for the rest of the war on public information and propaganda work. In 1946 he went back to Tokyo, among the first diplomats to return to the embassy.
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The vision to create a school of diplomacy and international commerce came from Dr. James Kennedy Patterson, the first president of the University of Kentucky. The 1898 Spanish–American War convinced Patterson a new school was needed that "shall have for its special object the preparation of young men for the diplomatic and consular service of the United States. It shall also provide special training for those who may seek employment in extending upon rational and scientific lines the commercial relations of America." Patterson took as his model the programs he saw then being established at Harvard, Stanford, Chicago, Cornell and Yale.
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King had to retire from the consular service to make their marriage official, and they traveled to England in 1925 on a Japanese ship, to avoid being separated. In 1926, possibly in response to the John Noel film The Epic of Everest (1924),Katie Ives, "Sharp End" Alpinist (August 4, 2015). Lhamo published We Tibetans: An Intimate Picture by a Woman of Tibet, of an Interesting and Distinctive People, a guide to Tibetan culture, religion, and folklore, in English, with an introduction by her British husband.Robert Barnett, "'Violated Specialness': Western Political Representations of Tibet" in Thierry Dodin and Heinz Raether, eds.
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O Primo Basílio ("Cousin Bazilio") is one of the most highly regarded realist novels of the Portuguese author José Maria de Eça de Queiroz, also known under the modernized spelling Eça de Queirós. He worked in the Portuguese consular service, stationed at 53 Grey Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, from late 1874 until April 1879. The novel was written during this productive period in his career, appearing in 1878. A bowdlerized translation of this book by Mary Jane Serrano under the title Dragon's Teeth: A Novel was published in the United States in 1889,See Preface to 1889 translation.
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He was born in Baku, Russian Empire (now the capital of Azerbaijan), the son of British parents Thomas Carter and Edith Harwood- Yarred,New Hampshire, Marriage Records Index, 1637-1947London, England, Church of England Marriages and Banns, 1754-1932 from London and Leicestershire, respectively.1911 England Census His father worked for a British oil company. Carter would later claim his father had been in the British Consular Service (his father was the British Honorary Consul). Carter grew up in the United Kingdom, and enlisted in the Royal Air Force at the age of 15, serving with the RAF's Coast Patrol for eighteen months.
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On September 15, 1789, the 1st United States Congress passed an Act creating the Department of State and appointing duties to it, including the keeping of the Great Seal of the United States. Initially there were two services devoted to diplomatic and consular activity. The Diplomatic Service provided ambassadors and ministers to staff embassies overseas, while the Consular Service provided consuls to assist United States sailors and promote international trade and commerce. Throughout the 19th century, ambassadors, or ministers, as they were known prior to the 1890s, and consuls were appointed by the president, and until 1856, earned no salary.
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Barton entered the Diplomatic Service in the Chinese Consular Service on 16 September 1895 and was posted to the legation in Peking as a student interpreter. From 1899 to 1901 he was posted on special service to the British territory of Weihaiwei. When the Boxer Rebellion erupted in 1900 culminating in the siege of the foreign legations, Barton took part in the Eight-Nation Alliance relief efforts as an interpreter and assistant political officer and was awarded the China War Medal for his actions. On 14 November 1901 he was appointed Vice-Consul to the Consul in Tienstin, Lionel Charles Hopkins.
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In 1891 and 1892, postage stamps of the Imperial British East Africa Company were handstamped locally INLAND REVENUE for use as general purpose duty stamps. In 1895 and 1896, similar overprints were applied to postage stamps of British East Africa, which were already overprints on stamps of the British East Africa Company or India. Around 1898, stamps portraying Queen Victoria were also issued with this overprint. In 1897, the Queen Victoria issue was also overprinted CONSULAR SERVICE, and between that year and 1901, various stamps were also overprinted or handstamped JUDICIAL FEE for use in law courts.
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With a law degree in hand, he decided to join the German foreign service, as that would take him overseas. In 1952–1953 he completed his training for the higher diplomatic and consular service in Speyer, Rhineland-Palatinate, passing the final exam in 1953. He began his career at the German legation in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, followed by a posting to the consulate in Hong Kong from 1957 to 1960, when he took over the consulate in Madras. In 1963 he was promoted to Consul, and in 1964 returned to the Bonn headquarters of the Foreign Office (Auswärtiges Amt).
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Green covers were again issued from April 1993 until March 1994, and included a special tribute to Benjamin Franklin in commemoration of the 200th anniversary of the United States Consular Service. After March 1994, blue passports, with pages showing U.S. state seals, were reissued. In 2007, images showcasing landscapes of the United States as well as places and objects of significance to U.S. history were introduced. Initially, a U.S. passport was issued for two years, although by the 1950s on application by the holder a passport could be stamped so that this time was extended without reissue.
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After becoming Head of the Women's Department at the University of Glasgow, Melville was asked to gather information on the suitability of women for diplomatic and consular service positions. This led to a lengthy correspondence between Melville and educationist Marjorie Rackstraw, warden of Masson House at the University of Edinburgh. Rackstraw was hoping to compile data from all Scottish universities in support of women's potential for governmental service and sought Melville's help to provide information on Glasgow's female graduates. At the height of her career Melville was the most senior female academic in Scotland, notable for her academic achievements and administrative abilities.
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The position of ambassador to the United States is considered to be one of the most important jobs in the Ethiopian diplomatic service, along with the Ambassadors to China, France, the European Union, and the Permanent Representative to the United Nations. The ambassador's main duty is to present Ethiopian policies to the American government and people, and to report American policies and views to the Government of Ethiopia. He serves as the primary channel of communication between the two nations, and plays an important role in treaty negotiations. The ambassador is the head of Ethiopia's consular service in the United States.
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Actually the resignation came in a cloud of controversy around his person and policies. At the end of World War I the Dutch prime minister did acknowledge the high quality of Muller's work in setting up the camps and bringing and maintaining order and human dignity under very trying circumstances. Apart from his position as member of the Consular Examinations Commission, this position was the only Dutch government appointment Muller held inside the Netherlands. From the 1890s onwards, Muller had published with great regularity about the importance of a proper Dutch consular service to promote the Dutch mercantile interests around the world.
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Faculty of Economics & Business was founded on June 17, 1920Nova matica, Volume 42, page 52, as Higher School of Commerce and Transport with the mission of providing education in the areas of banking, home and international trade, transport, consular service, and insurance. The program lasted three years.Sveučilišni vjesnik, Volumes 25-26, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, 1979 Page 398 In the academic year 1923/24 it had 1,125 students. In 1925, by the efforts of the then Minister of Education Stjepan Radić, it grew into the Higher School of Economics and Commerce with legal standing of the university faculty school.
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After graduating from the Melbourne Grammar School, Henry Fulford went to England, to acquire some business experience in London. In 1880 H.E. Fulford joined the British Consular Service and was sent to work in China.Melbourne tragedy: former consul-general found shot. The Straits Times, 17 May 1929 In 1887, when he was a student interpreter at the British Consulate in Newchwang (today's Yingkou), he joined two British officers on leave from India – H. E. M. James of the Indian Civil Service and Francis Younghusband of the British Army – and went with them on a tour of Manchuria.
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In order to indulge his eagerness to travel, Levet joined the consular service and served in India, Vietnam, the Philippines and finally in Argentina. He sent his charming verses home to be published in popular journals. In the introduction to the French edition of Levet’s Poèmes (Maison des Amis des Livres, Paris, 1921; Gallimard 2000), the great French poet Valery Larbaud relates that he read and memorized Levet’s verses, and hoped to meet him when he came back to France on leave. Levet came home sooner than expected with a disease that left him unable to speak.
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At age 20, Phillipps was appointed, to the vice-consulship of the British Legation in Kerch, Crimea. He explored and hunted big game in the Caucasus. He studied law, was called to the bar at Middle Temple but practised law for less than a year. After inheriting the Wolley estate, Phillips-Wolley resigned from the British consular service and joined the fourth battalion of the South Wales Borderers, taught marksmanship, and attained the rank of captain. He was an active cricketer, playing during 1885-86 at county level for Shropshire while at club level for Shrewsbury, scoring in 6 matches 14 runs while taking 22 wickets.
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As his inspection tour progressed, Keim noted that the records management and seamen's support services in Java and India were among the few that were being handled appropriately, and that staff at other offices were sincerely trying to "[clean] up the messes left behind by less scrupulous predecessors [and] run straightforward operations with balanced and accurate books", according to Kennedy.Kennedy, The American Consul: A History of the United State Consular Service, 1776-1924. During this assignment, Keim reportedly also came into possession of a copy of a decree from the government of China concerning the Tientsin Massacre. The translated document was published by the New York Herald on June 18, 1871.
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As an example, the British Consular Service had silver braiding rather than the gold of diplomats. While most countries abandoned diplomatic uniforms at some time during the 20th century, several long-established foreign services have retained them for wear by senior staff on ceremonial occasions such as the formal presentation of credentials by ambassadors. A photo of the 2001 New Year's reception at the Vatican shows the ambassadors of Monaco, the Netherlands, Thailand, the United Kingdom, Spain, France, and Belgium all clad in diplomatic uniform. In recent decades, some ambassadors from Cambodia, Denmark, France, and Italy have also been seen in uniform at the presentation of their credentials.
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The position of ambassador to the United States is considered to be one of the most important and prestigious posts in Her Majesty's Diplomatic Service, along with that of Permanent Under-Secretary of State at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. The ambassador's main duty is to present British policies to the American government and people, and to report American policies and views to the Government of the United Kingdom. They serve as the primary channel of communication between the two nations, and play an important role in treaty negotiations. The ambassador is the head of the United Kingdom's consular service in the United States.
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In 1869, Möllendorff interrupted his studies and went to China in order to join the Imperial Maritime Customs Service in Shanghai. While working for the Customs in Shanghai and later Hankou, Möllendorff acquired a good command of Chinese and quickly passed the required language exam. However, he soon grew dissatisfied with his tasks in the service and left it in 1874 in order to join the German consular service as an interpreter and was eventually promoted German vice-consul in Tianjin. During his service in Tianjin, Möllendorff befriended Ma Jianzhong, who worked in the secretariat of the prominent Qing statesman, governor-general Li Hongzhang.
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Alabaster first came to Siam in 1856 as an interpreter in British service, during the reign of King Mongkut (Rama IV). He later became the acting consul, during which time he worked closely with the king, including on the building of the first modern road in Thailand, Charoen Krung Road."Famous Forebears" He resigned from consular service after a dispute with Somdet Chaophraya Sri Suriwongse,Mead, Kullada Kesboonchoo "The Rise and Decline of Thai Absolutism" pg. 49 and returned to Britain, where he completed his 1871 book The Wheel of the Law, a study of Buddhism which incorporated a translation of Chaophraya Thiphakorawong's Nangsue Sadaeng Kitchanukit.
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In December 1910, Palmer joined the United States consular service as a consular assistant, and was later posted to Mexico City and Bucharest. With the establishment of the United States Foreign Service in 1924, pursuant to the Rogers Act, Palmer became one of the original class of foreign service officers; he was thereafter sent to Madrid, Paris, Jerusalem, and Sydney. From Sydney, Palmer was posted to Afghanistan, in 1945. He proceeded to serve as the United States minister to Afghanistan, from 1945 to 1948; thus, upon the elevation of the legation to an embassy, he became the first United States Ambassador to Afghanistan, which lasted for a few months.
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In 1907 Wyatt-Smith entered the Consular Service in China. He was a student interpreter in Peking (1907–09), and later witnessed the 1911 (Xinhai) Revolution; his photographs of the aftermath of that revolution form part of the 'Historical Photographs of China' project and are held at the University of Bristol. He was later student interpreter in Shanghai (1913–14) and Swatow (1914–17), before being made acting Consul at Tsinan (1917–18) and later at Wuchow (1918–20). Wyatt- Smith was Vice-Consul at Hankow (1921), Shanghai (1922–23), Senior District Officer at Wei-hai-wei (1923–25), Consul at Chinkiang (1926–27) and Tengyeuh (1927–31).
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Two of their other children achieved prominence, Evarts Boutell as an American historian at Columbia and Jerome Davis Greene as a foundation administrator, banker, and secretary of the Corporation of Harvard University. Roger Greene was born in Westborough, Mass., while his parents were on furlough in the United States. After earlier schooling in Japan, he entered Harvard, from which he received a B.A. degree in 1901 and an M.A. the following year. He then obtained a position with the consular service and over the next twelve years held posts in Brazil, Japan, Siberia, and China; at Hankow (1911–1914) he performed with distinction as consul general during the Chinese revolution.
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The ambassador's main duty is to present U.S. policies to the Government of the United Kingdom and people and to report British policies and views to the federal government of the United States. He serves as a primary channel of communication between the two nations and plays an important role in treaty negotiations. The ambassador is the head of the United States' consular service in the United Kingdom. As well as directing diplomatic activity in support of trade, he is ultimately responsible for visa services and for the provision of consular support to American citizens in the UK. He also oversees cultural relations between the two countries.
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Edwin Newton Atherton (October 12, 1896 – August 31, 1944) served as a Foreign Service Officer, Bureau of Investigation (BOI) Agent, Private Investigator, and later, appointed head of the college athletics organization, the Pacific Coast Conference in 1940. Born in Washington, D.C., Atherton studied law at Georgetown University (1914) for only four months. After leaving Georgetown, he was a clerk in a bank and then entered the consular service (January 1916) where during World War I he served in Italy, Bulgaria, and Jerusalem. After the war, Atherton served in Canada, then resigned from consular duties (March 13, 1925 and served the Department of Justice from 1925 to 1927.
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After the adoption of the new Constitution of Norway on 17 May 1814, Prince Christian Frederick was elected king. The ensuing Swedish–Norwegian War (1814) and the Convention of Moss compelled Christian Frederick to abdicate after calling an extraordinary session of the Norwegian Parliament, the Storting, to revise the Constitution in order to allow for a personal union with Sweden. On 4 November the Storting elected Charles XIII as the King of Norway, thereby confirming the union. Continuing differences between the two realms led to a failed attempt to create a separate Norwegian consular service and then, on 7 June 1905, to a unilateral declaration of independence by the Storting.
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Nonetheless, consulates proper will be headed by consuls of various ranks, even if such officials have little or no connection with the more limited sense of consular service. Activities of a consulate include protecting the interests of their citizens temporarily or permanently resident in the host country, issuing passports; issuing visas to foreigners and public diplomacy. However, the principal role of a consulate lies traditionally in promoting trade—assisting companies to invest and to import and export goods and services both inwardly to their home country and outward to their host country. Although it is not admitted publicly, consulates, like embassies, may also gather intelligence information from the assigned country.
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Nonetheless, consulates proper will be headed by consuls of various ranks, even if such officials have little or no connection with the more limited sense of consular service. Activities of a consulate include protecting the interests of their citizens temporarily or permanently resident in the host country, issuing passports; issuing visas to foreigners and public diplomacy. However, the principal role of a consulate lies traditionally in promoting trade—assisting companies to invest and to import and export goods and services both inwardly to their home country and outward to their host country. Although it is not admitted publicly, consulates, like embassies, may also gather intelligence information from the assigned country.
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Grant's most successful appointment, Hamilton Fish, after the confirmation on March 17, 1869, went immediately to work and collected, classified, indexed, and bound seven hundred volumes of correspondence. He established a new indexing system that simplified retrieving information by clerks. Fish also created a rule that applicants for consulate had to take an official written examination to receive an appointment; previously, applicants were given positions on a patronage system solely on the recommendations of Congressmen and Senators. This raised the tone and efficiency of the consular service, and if a Congressman or Senator objected, Fish could show them that the applicant did not pass the written test.
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Soulié de Morant became convinced of the importance of acupuncture when he witnessed the effects of acupuncture treatment during an epidemic of cholera in Beijing. As he served as consul in several Chinese cities, he sought out teachers who could give him instruction in acupuncture. After Soulié de Morant returned to France after several years of consular service, he was persuaded by the prominent advocate of alternative medicine, Paul Ferreyrolles (1880–1955), to put all his efforts into translating Chinese works on acupuncture. Beginning in 1929, he authored a number of articles and works on acupuncture and he became an advocate of acupuncture treatment in the French medical corps.
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He was educated at the Royal Institution School, Liverpool, and became a barrister of the Middle Temple. He intended to engage in the tea trade, studied Chinese, and from 1869 to 1871, in the character of student interpreter, he traveled in Mongolia, and afterwards served at the British consulates in Wenchow, Fusan, and Shanghai, and traveled in Oceania, Eastern Asia, and North America. He retired from the consular service in 1895, became reader in Chinese at University College, Liverpool, in 1896, and in 1901 was appointed to a chair in Chinese at Owens College, Manchester. This chair was part-time and he held it until his death.
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Wilkinson served in the consular service in Japan at the same time as Ernest Satow, the first British student interpreter in Japan and later British Minister in Japan and then China. In later years, Satow described his advice as excellent and pushed for his appointment as Judge of the British Court for Japan and Chief Justice of the British Supreme Court for China and Japan.The Semi-official Letters of British Envoy Sir Ernest Satow from Japan and China (1895–1906), Edited by Ian Ruxton, 1997, p175 Wilkinson was knighted for his services in 1903. In 1905, Sir Hiram retired from the bench in Shanghai, and moved to the townland of Moneyshanere, outside Tobermore, modern-day Northern Ireland.
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Because of his age and a recent bout with typhus, Imbrie could not enlist in the U.S. military; instead he joined the U.S. Consular Service and was sent to Petrograd. He arrived in November, 1917, in the midst of the Russian Revolution.Imbrie, "Report on the Petrograd Consulate, April 5 to September 1, 1918," RG 59 123.813/7 ½ With the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk about to be signed, ending the war between Germany and Russia, the American legation moved north in late February, 1918. In April Ambassador David Francis sent Imbrie back to Petrograd, where he stayed for five months as the primary and at times the sole U.S. representative in the city.
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Satow's rise in the consular service was due at first to his competence and zeal as an interpreter at a time when English was virtually unknown in Japan, the Japanese government still communicated with the West in Dutch and available study aids were exceptionally few. Employed as a consular interpreter alongside Russell Robertson, Satow became a student of Rev. Samuel Robbins Brown, and an associate of Dr. James Curtis Hepburn, two noted pioneers in the study of the Japanese language. His Japanese language skills quickly became indispensable in the British Minister Sir Harry Parkes's negotiations with the failing Tokugawa shogunate and the powerful Satsuma and Chōshū clans, and the gathering of intelligence.
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The proposal for these identical laws, which the Norwegian government in May 1904 submitted, did not meet with the approval of the Swedish government. The latter in their reply proposed that the Swedish foreign minister should have such control over the Norwegian consuls as to prevent the latter from exceeding their authority. However, the Norwegian government found this proposal unacceptable, and explained that, if such control were insisted upon, all further negotiations would be purposeless. They maintained that the Swedish demands were incompatible with the sovereignty of Norway, as the foreign minister was a Swede and the proposed Norwegian consular service, as a Norwegian institution, could not be placed under a foreign authority.
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Corley Smith joined the consular service in 1931 and was posted to Paris, Oran, Detroit, La Paz and Milan. During World War II he was in St Louis and New York, and was engaged in the effort to persuade Americans that Britain's lonely resistance to the Nazis was a grim battle for freedom that the United States should recognise to be in their interest to join. The possibility of a full diplomatic career only opened up to Corley Smith and to others with no private means after the Eden reforms of the 1940s. He was appointed as labour attaché in Brussels in 1945, and caught the attention of Ernest Bevin, foreign secretary in the post-war Labour government.
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Alphonse Louis Marie Nicolas (1864-1939)—better known by his pen name A. L. M. Nicolas—was a Persian-born French historian and orientalist who is best known today for his early work on Shaykhism and Bábism. Although primarily remembered for his academic contributions, Nicolas worked as an interpreter and diplomat with the French Consular Service in Persia for most of his life. Nicolas was among the first Western Orientalists to devote substantial attention to the life and teachings of the revolutionary Persian religious figure known as the Báb, and his work continues to serve as an important source for the study of the early history of Shaykhism, Bábism and the Bahá'í Faith.
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Werner arrived in Peking in the 1880s attached to the British Legation as a student interpreter. Werner remained in the British consular service in China until 1914 serving in postings including time working in the Chancery at the Peking Legation, then a year in Canton (Guangzhou), two in Tientsin (Tianjin) and another couple in Macao. He later spent a year in Hangchow (Hangzhou), one in the Pagoda Anchorage (Mawei), a year in the isolated Kiungchow (Qiongshan) on Hainan Island in 1900, a couple of years on the Gulf of Tonkin in the remote posting of Pakhoi (Beihai) before being posted to Kongmoon (Jiangmen). Promotion saw Werner Consul at the busy tea port of Kiukiang (Jiujiang), serving for four years.
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Playing for Cornwall made Irwin eligible to be selected for a combined Minor Counties team, appearing in one first-class match for the team in 1924 against HDG Leveson Gower's XI at The Saffrons, Eastbourne. Dismissed for a duck by Francis Browne in their first-innings, he improved in their second-innings with a score of 80, his second first-class half century. In that same season he appeared in another first-class match for the Marylebone Cricket Club against Oxford University at Lord's, though he had little success in this match. After retiring from the Royal Navy, Irwin joined the Foreign Office as a Vice consul in the General Consular Service.
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This caused some discomfort to American diplomats, who now had to appear "underdressed", in evening dress, to official functions. In 1910, Theodore Roosevelt attracted considerable attention when he was one of the few foreign representatives at the funeral of King Edward VII who was not in civil or military uniform. For a period of time, U.S. diplomats and consular officers wore modified U.S. Navy uniforms, much as the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps and U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Corps continue to do so today. In 1937, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued an executive order directing that no person in the diplomatic or consular service should wear a uniform or official costume not previously authorized by the United States Congress.
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In recognition of his consular service, Anselmo received two honors from the Italian government—Knight of the Crown of Italy and Officer of the Order of the Crown of Italy. He completed the United States naturalization process, and became a United States citizen, in 1923 and as such was ordered by the Benito Mussolini government to resign his post as vice consul. He was to remain until a successor could be appointed; however, since no one was named, Anselmo remained until the office was ordered to close by the U.S. government in 1941 with the outbreak of war between the United States and Italy. However, in 1950, Fortunato received a reappointment and he remained as an Italian vice consul until his death on July 15, 1965.
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Needless to say, this had not been the original intention of either Madison or Ellsworth. Ellsworth was the principal supporter in the Senate of Hamilton's economic program, having served on at least four committees dealing with budgetary issues. These issues included the passage of Hamilton's plan for funding the national debt, the incorporation of the First Bank of the United States, and the bargain whereby state debts were assumed in return for locating the capital to the south (today the District of Columbia). Ellsworth's other achievements included framing the measure that admitted North Carolina to the Union, devising the non-intercourse act that forced Rhode Island to join the union, and drawing up the bill to regulate the consular service.
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Sir Robert MacLeod Hodgson, (25 February 1874 – 18 October 1956) was a British diplomat and consul. Hodgson was born in West Bromwich, Staffordshire, the son of the Reverend Robert Hodgson, founder of West Bromwich Albion Football Club. He was educated at Radley College, near Abingdon in Oxfordshire, from 1887 to 1893, where he was a prefect, and Trinity College, Oxford, where he captained the University of Oxford hockey team and graduated with a pass degree in 1897. He joined the Consular Service, working at the consulate in Algiers from 1901 to 1904 and becoming vice-consul at Marseille in 1904. In 1906, he was appointed commercial agent at Vladivostok and given the rank of vice-consul two years later and consul in 1911.
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Williams was educated at Berkhamsted School and Pembroke College, Cambridge. He entered Her Majesty's Consular Service in 1932 and served successively at San Francisco, USA; Panama; Paris, France; Hamburg, Germany; Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Reykjavík, Iceland; Leopoldville; Vienna, Austria; 1945–1946, where he was a member of the Allied Control Commission as well; Baghdad, Iraq; New York, USA, (as deputy consul-general from 1950 to 1953); Tunis; the Foreign Office (as an Inspector of Foreign Office Establishments) from 1956 to 1960; and as Consul-General at New York 1960–64. He was Ambassador to Panama 1964–66 and to Spain 1966–69. In 1946 Williams married Miss Masha Poustchine, an Englishwoman descendant from a Russian family; they had a son, Lawrence, and a daughter, Elizabeth.
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Christopher "Kiff" Lintrup Paus CBE (6 November 1881 in Chorlton-on-Medlock - 28 May 1963 in Grantown-on-Spey) () was a British diplomat, who served at the British Embassy in Oslo for several decades, as commercial counsellor and as the British consul in Oslo and head of the British consular service in Norway. He wrote several published reports on industrial and economic affairs in Norway. He attended Jesus College, Oxford (1900–1904), where he graduated with a master's degree. He became commercial attaché at the British Embassy in Oslo in December 1914, in succession to Sir Francis Oppenheimer, was promoted to commercial secretary for Norway in May 1919 and served as the British consul in Oslo from 1926 to 1931.
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Evelyn Basil Boothby (of the family of the Boothby baronets) was educated at Winchester College and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. He joined the Diplomatic Service in 1933 as a student interpreter in the China Consular Service, and continued to work in China until 1945 except for brief interludes in the United States and India during World War II. After the war he was appointed vice-consul in Athens where he met Susan Asquith, granddaughter of H. H. Asquith: they married in 1946. Later he was Counsellor in Rangoon 1951–54, acting as chargé d'affaires between ambassadors. He was Counsellor in the British Embassy in Brussels 1954–59, Head of the African Department at the Foreign Office 1959–62, Ambassador to Iceland 1962–65 and Permanent Representative to the Council of Europe 1965–69.
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Olcott was born in 1872 in Paris, France near the Garden of the Batignolles. She later lived in Albany, New York at both her parents' and grandmother's houses; this was followed by years in the country suburbs of Albany where she was tutored by her parents who provided her with a formative education. Her father, Franklin Olcott, born in America, but educated in Göttingen and Würzburg in Germany, worked in the American Consular Service. He tutored her in German and the classics. Her mother, Julia Olcott, translated children’s stories from French. According to Olcott, her father's strong vocabulary, love for poetry, and researcher’s mind and her mother's fine critical powers, delicate feelings for words, and eager mind, helped to develop her intellectual skills and analytical abilities and had a strong influence on her writing.
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Thomas Eardley Bromley was educated at Rugby School and Magdalen College, Oxford. He joined the British Consular Service in 1935 and was a vice-consul in Japan from 1938The London Gazette, 12 May 1939 until 1941 when Japan entered World War II. He then returned to London and after the war served at Washington, D.C., and Baghdad. Bromley was the first Ambassador to the then Somali Republic after independence on 1 July 1960,The London Gazette, 5 May 1961 then ambassador to Syria 1962–64The London Gazette, 16 March 1962 following its secession from the United Arab Republic, then ambassador to Algeria from 1964The London Gazette, 6 November 1964 until Algeria, along with other members of the OAU, broke off diplomatic relations in December 1965 over Rhodesia. Bromley's last ambassadorship was to Ethiopia 1966–69.
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Eça then worked in the Portuguese consular service and after two years' service at Havana was stationed, from late 1874 until April 1879, at 53 Grey Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, where there is a memorial plaque in his honour. His diplomatic duties involved the dispatch of detailed reports to the Portuguese foreign office concerning the unrest in the Northumberland and Durham coalfields – in which, as he points out, the miners earned twice as much as those in South Wales, along with free housing and a weekly supply of coal. The Newcastle years were among the most productive of his literary career. He published the second version of O Crime de Padre Amaro in 1876 and another celebrated novel, O Primo Basílio ("Cousin Bazilio") in 1878, as well as working on a number of other projects.
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But to no avail, as the Special Committee recommended on 6 March to go ahead with the work in progress, and the conciliatory Hagerup cabinet was replaced with the more unyielding cabinet of Christian Michelsen. Back in Stockholm on 14 March, Crown Prince Gustaf called a joint council on 5 April to appeal to both governments to return to the negotiation table and work out a solution based on full equality between the two kingdoms. He proposed reforms of both the foreign and consular services, with the express reservation that a joint foreign minister — Swedish or Norwegian — was a precondition for the existence of the Union. The Norwegian government rejected his proposal on 17 April, referring to earlier fruitless attempts, and declared that it would go on with preparations for a separate consular service.
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Born on 18 October 1855 as son of a Budapest apothecary, he entered the Austro-Hungarian foreign service in 1884 through its consular service, which was a distinct branch separate from the diplomatic corps and the staff at the Foreign Ministry in Vienna.William D. Godsey, Aristocratic Redoubt: The Austro-Hungarian Foreign Office on the Eve of the First World War, West Lafayette, Purdue University Press, 1999, p. 79. Raised to the nobility in 1896 as Ladislaus Müller von Szentgyörgy, he subsequently served as consul general (with the rank of minister) at Sofia from 1900 to 1904. In March 1904, Müller was appointed as Second Section Chief (equivalent to head of the Political Section) in the Imperial Foreign Ministry in Vienna succeeding Kajetan von Mérey who had been promoted to First Section Chief (equivalent to an Undersecretary).
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Saorstát overprints may be found on Contract Note, County Courts, Dog Licence Registration, Estate Duty, Excise, Foreign Bill, Judicature, Land Commission, Land Registry, National Health Insurance, Petty Sessions, Public Records, Registration of Deeds and Unemployment Insurance stamps. 1960 Wet Time unemployment insurance stamp overprinted 2/10 The Southern Ireland issues and the Rialtas and Saorstát overprints include some of Ireland's rarest revenues. For example, only one copy has been recorded of the 6d Dog Licence Registration stamp with the Rialtas overprint. Key type stamps depicting the Celtic harp, a national symbol of Ireland, were introduced in 1925, and these were issued for Bankruptcy, Circuit Court, Companies Registration, Consular Service, Contract Note, Court of Justice, Customs, District Court of Justice, Estate Duty, Film Censorship, Foreign Bill, Judicature, Land Commission, Land Registry, Official Arbitration, Passport, Public Records, Registration of Deeds and State Service.
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The British Legation Yamate, Yokohama, 1865 painting Ernest Satow is probably best known as the author of the book A Diplomat in Japan (based mainly on his diaries) which describes the years 1862–1869 when Japan was changing from rule by the Tokugawa shogunate to the restoration of Imperial rule. He was recruited by the Foreign Office straight out of university in London. Within a week of his arrival by way of China as a young student interpreter in the British Japan Consular Service, at age 19, the Namamugi Incident (Namamugi Jiken), in which a British merchant was killed on the Tōkaidō, took place on 21 August 1862. Satow was on board one of the British ships which sailed to Kagoshima in August 1863 to obtain the compensation demanded from the Satsuma clan's daimyō, Shimazu Hisamitsu, for the slaying of Charles Lennox Richardson.
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In the 1910s he entered consular service and was assigned abroad, in the 1920s he dedicated himself to business and in the 1930s he resumed his foreign engagements; there is no information on his political or politics-related activities during the period until the mid-1930s.Oyarzun prided himself on doing one thing at a time. In 1944 he wrote: "En cada época de mi vida me he dedicado a lina, gola actividad (creo que con marcada y por todos reconocido éxito), entregando a ella todo mi ser, acaso con excesivo ardor y entusiasmo. Mientras estuve en el periodismo, fui sólo periodista; mientras estuve en la carrera consular o diplomática, fui sólo cónsul o diplomático; mientras estuve en los negocios (excedente voluntario en el escalafón), fui simple hombre de negocios", Román Oyarzun, Historia del Carlismo, Madrid 1944, p.
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In the 1890s, he briefly served the United States in the consular service, and served as a soldier during the Spanish–American War until he contracted typhoid fever in 1898. In the few years between his service as a soldier in the Spanish–American War and his appointment as Commissioner of Ellis Island, William Williams led a profitable career as a lawyer on Wall Street. In 1902, he was chosen by President Theodore Roosevelt to assume the position of commissioner of the immigration at the port of New York, with his headquarters on Ellis Island, which was the location of the U.S. Immigrant Station which served that port. Feeling that corruption at Ellis Island was interfering with national goals for immigration restriction, Roosevelt chose Williams because of their shared beliefs in the Progressive movement, their faith in science as a source of authority, and honest, efficient public service.
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Cards from Wilkinson's collection are now in the British Museum, and are referred to in Catalogue of the collection of playing cards bequeathed to the Trustees of the British museum by the late Lady Charlotte Schreiber by British Museum] by Freeman M. O'Donoghue (1901), pp. 184–185: "Chinese - Collection of modern packs acquired by the testator from Mr. W.H. Wilkinson of H.M. Consular Service, who has kindly furnished the following information: 'The packs contained in this collection were procured during the year 1889-90 from Canton, Swatow, and Foochow in South China, from Ningbo and Shanghai on the central sea-board, from Peking in the north, from Kiukiang and Yichang in mid- China, and from Chungking in the far west...."Catalogue of the collection of playing cards bequeathed to the Trustees of the British museum by the late Lady Charlotte Schreiber by British Museum. Dept. of prints and drawings; O'Donoghue, Freeman M. (Freeman Marius) (1901), pp. 184-194.
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In his 30 years in the Foreign Service Kennedy was a consular officer dealing with the protection of American citizens abroad, the issuance of visas to foreigners and assistance to the growing throng of Americans visiting overseas in Frankfurt, Germany, Saudi Arabia, Belgrade, Yugoslavia, then in the war zone of South Vietnam as consul general, then in more peaceful Athens, Greece, Seoul, South Korea and finally Naples, Italy as consul general. Kennedy retired from the Foreign Service in 1985 and wrote a well-received history of the United States Consular Service which was published in 1990 by the Greenwood Press. A revised edition was published in 2015 and covered the years up to 1924. Realizing that the work of American diplomats was barely acknowledged, except for a few great names, such as Benjamin Franklin, in the teaching of American history, he started an oral history program, first at George Washington University in 1985 and then at Georgetown University.
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The state of quietude which for some time prevailed with regard to the relations with Norway was not to last. The question of separate consuls for Norway soon came up again. In 1902 the Swedish government proposed that negotiations in this matter should be opened with the Norwegian government, and that a joint committee, consisting of representatives from both countries, should be appointed to consider the question of a separate consular service without in any way interfering with the existing administration of the diplomatic affairs of the two countries. The result of the negotiations was published in a so- called "communiqué", dated 24 March 1903, in which, among other things, it was proposed that the relations of the separate consuls to the joint ministry of foreign affairs and the embassies should be arranged by identical laws, which could not be altered or repealed without the consent of the governments of both countries.
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A new proposal by the Swedish government was likewise rejected, and in February 1905 the Norwegians broke off the negotiations. Notwithstanding this an agreement did not appear to be out of the question. All efforts to solve the consular question by itself had failed, but it was considered that an attempt might be made to establish separate consuls in combination with a joint administration of diplomatic affairs on a full unionistic basis. Crown Prince Gustaf, who during the illness of King Oscar II was appointed regent, took the initiative of renewing the negotiations between the two countries, and on 5 April in a combined Swedish and Norwegian Council of State made a proposal for a reform both of the administration of diplomatic affairs and of the consular service on the basis of full equality between the two kingdoms, with the express reservation, however, of a joint foreign minister – Swedish or Norwegian – as a condition for the existence of the union.
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Born in Batumi, Pataradze graduated from the Tbilisi State University with a degree in economics in 1994 and the Batumi State University with a degree in law in 2007. After working for a Batumi-based bank office in the mid-1990s, Pataradze joined the state service in 1996, first at an anti-organized crime unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Adjara and then the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia in 2000. In 2004 Pataradze became a second secretary at the Georgian embassy to Russia in charge of consular service; after Georgia and Russia cut direct diplomatic relations in 2008, Pataradze served as a consular officer at the Georgian interests section at the Swiss embassy in Moscow until 2009. Pataradze was then Georgia's consul general in the northern Greek city of Thessaloniki from 2009 to 2010, consul general to Istanbul from 2011 to 2012, ambassador to Turkey from 2012 to 2013, and ambassador to Kazakhstan from 2013 to 2016.
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By this time Tuck was living in Japan and studying the language full-time, although he was finding the expenses involved much greater than he had expected.The National Archives, ADM 1/7728: Tuck to Captain Stoppard, 18 January 1905; Gubbins to MacDonald, 10 January 1904 [sic: 1905]. Later in 1905 Sir Claude MacDonald instructed John Harington Gubbins, who had been Japanese Secretary in the British Legation for many years and had a good command of Japanese, to examine Tuck on his knowledge of Japanese. Gubbins reported in September that Tuck had gained full marks in colloquial and more than 75% for each of the two written papers, and that he had a good knowledge of Chinese characters. ‘A little further study of newspapers, and a course of instruction in what is known as official dispatch style, would, I think, enable Mr. Tuck to attain the standard required for interpreters in the Japan Consular Service', he concluded.
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Nicolas was born on 27 March 1864, in Rasht, in the Gilan Province of Iran where his father was stationed with the French Consular Service in Persia. As a young man he learned to speak French, Persian and Russian, going on to study at the Special School for Oriental Languages in Paris. After his studies, Nicolas followed his father’s footsteps, joining the consular services in which he served as leading Persian interpreter. An ongoing disagreement between Nicolas’s father and Arthur de Gobineau—secretary and chargé d’affarires at the French legation in Persia, who would go on to be an influential orientalist—led Nicolas to read Gobineau’s book Les Religions et Les Philosophies dan l'Asie Centrale. While Nicolas agreed with his father’s assessment of Gobineau’s work as riddled with errors resulting from Gobineau’s limited grasp of Persian and lack of research acumen, it was through this work that he was first exposed to the life and teachings of the Báb. As a result of his research, Nicolas befriended an employee of the consulate who was a member of the Bahá’í Faith, and who assisted him to meet local Bábís and Bahá’ís.
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Sulu Sultanate trading ranges, during which Sandakan is still a part of the Bruneian Empire. Like most of Borneo, this area was once under the control of the Bruneian Empire in the 15th century before being ceded to the Sultanate of Sulu between the 17th and 18th centuries as a gift for helping the Bruneian forces during the Brunei Civil War. Since the 18th century, Sandakan start to be ruled by the Sultanate of Sulu. In 1855, when Spanish power began to expand in the Philippine archipelago, they began to restrict the trade of foreign nations with Sulu by establishing a port in Zamboanga and issuing a ruling which declared that ships wanting to engage in trade with the Sulu Archipelago must first visit the Spanish port. In 1860, the Sultanate of Sulu became important to the British as their archipelago could allow the British to dominate trade routes from Singapore to Mainland China. But in 1864, William Frederick Schuck, a German ex-member for the German consular service arrived in Sulu and met Sultan Jamal ul-Azam, who encouraged him to remain in Jolo.
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In 1915 he married Nancy Violet Butler (d. 1953), of Melbourne, Australia. After several years in the Consular Service in East Asia, where he acquired a good knowledge of Japanese, Ashton-Gwatkin joined the Far Eastern Department of the Foreign Office in 1919, transferring to the Diplomatic Service in 1921. In 1929, he was sent to the Soviet Union to work at the British Embassy in Moscow, but returned after a year to be secretary of the Anglo-Soviet Debt Committee under Lord Goschen. He participated in several international conferences, including the Imperial Economic Conference in Ottawa in 1932 and the World Economic Conference in London the following year. As a result of his interest in economic affairs, he was instrumental in establishing the Economic Relations Section in the Foreign Office, focused on co-ordinating British diplomatic and economic policies, becoming its first head in 1934.Boadle, D.G. “The Formation of the Foreign Office Economic Relations Section”, Historical Journal, vol. 20, 1977, pp. 919-36. In the late summer of 1938, he served as Chief of Staff on the Runciman Mission to Czechoslovakia and was a member of the British delegation at the subsequent Munich Conference.Vyšný, Paul, The Runciman Mission to Czechoslovakia, 1938: Prelude to Munich, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, Hampshire, 2003, pp.
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