155 Sentences With "consecrations" | Random Sentence Generator

The SSPX denied the validity of the excommunications, saying that the consecrations were necessary due to a moral and theological crisis in the Catholic Church.SSPX FAQ Question 11 (29 June 1987). SSPX.org. Retrieved May 18, 2017.The 1988 consecrations: a theological study (July & September 1999).

The SSPX denied the validity of the excommunications, saying that the consecrations were necessary due to a moral and theological crisis in the Catholic Church.SSPX FAQ Question 11 (29 June 1987). SSPX.org. Retrieved 18 May 2017.The 1988 consecrations: a theological study (July & September 1999).

This list includes conditional (') consecrations and cross-consecrations. Abbinga, FD Bacon, Bartlett, Bateman, Berger, Boltwood, DH Brook, Chamberlain, Corbin, de Ortega Maxey, Palatine, Frippiat, Glenn, Herbert, Hurgon, Jeffrey, Keller, Laigle, Langhelt, Lutgen, Marchese, Needham, Newman-Norton, HP Nicholson, Pillai, Ryswyk, Saul, Singer, Smethurst, Stumpfl, Summers, JSM Ward, Maurice Cantor.

Retrieved May 18, 2017.The 1988 consecrations: a canonical study (November 1999). Sì sì no no via SSPX.org. Retrieved May 18, 2017.

316 The bishop Mattai of Dasen was present at the consecrations of the patriarchs Denha I in 1265 and Yahballaha III in 1281.

The Écône consecrations were a set of episcopal consecrations that took place in Écône, Switzerland, on 30 June 1988. They were performed by Catholic Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre and Bishop Antonio de Castro Meyer, and the priests raised to the episcopacy were four members of Lefebvre's Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX). The consecrations, performed against the explicit orders of Pope John Paul II, represented a milestone in the troubled relationship of Lefebvre and the SSPX with the Church leadership. The Holy See's Congregation for Bishops issued a decree signed by its Prefect Cardinal Bernardin Gantin declaring that Lefebvre had incurred automatic excommunication by consecrating the bishops without papal consent.

9 Aug. 2014 Another driving force for devotions and consecrations to the Immaculate Heart of Mary appeared in the 1917 messages of Our Lady of Fátima. The three children who reported the messages of Marian apparitions at Fátima referred to the Immaculate Heart.Youngest Prophet by Christopher Rengers 1998 page 38 The third apparition reported at Fátima on 13 July 1917, specifically encouraged devotions and consecrations for the triumph of the Immaculate Heart.

The service was quite private, and the consecrations were for a long time unknown to some of the leading nonjurors. Hearne, who at Oxford was in frequent communication with Hickes and Wagstaffe, knew nothing of these consecrations as late as 1732. The only persons present were, besides the bishops, Lord Clarendon and a notary named Douglas. Wagstaffe joined with the former in attesting Hickes's deed of consecration, Hickes doing a like service for him.

Since 2006, Milingo has performed at least four other consecrations. In 2013, Milingo, who still considers himself Catholic, retired from active ministry in the Ecumenical Catholic Apostolic Church of Peace.

In 1977, Slipyj consecrated Ivan Choma, Stefan Czmil and Lubomyr Husar as bishops without approval of the pope in an act of exposition of patriarchal aspirations. These consecrations caused much annoyance to the Roman Curia as episcopal consecrations without papal permission are considered illicit in Roman Canon Law but not Eastern Canon Law.Apostolische Nachfolge: Ukraine. German site of CSSp Province As a Major Archbishop with Patriarchal rights, Slipyj gathered a number of synods of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.

TIME Magazine. Rome July 20, 1925 Chartrand was once described as an "able" bishop,TIME Magazine. Consecrations May 7, 1934 and as "probably closer in contact with his flock than any other" bishop.TIME Magazine.

There is no record of Wagstaffe performing any episcopal duties. There were no consecrations during his lifetime, nor does it appear that he ordained any of the few admitted to holy orders during that time.

These consecrations restored the Orthodox hierarchy in the area that was occupied by Uniate bishops after the Union of Brest in 1596 when Metropolitan Michael Rohoza turned to support the union. Patriarch Theophanes reposed in 1644.

He traveled throughout the United States speaking at graduations, consecrations, funerals, and innumerable other events. These speeches, when coupled with his prodigious authorship, had a tremendous effect in establishing Cincinnati as the center of Reform Jewish intellectualism.

Thuc recanted and repudiated his consecrations for the Palmar-based Carmelite Order of the Holy Face. He asked Pope Paul VI to be forgiven and was absolved of all ecclesial penalties in 1976, until 1981 when he was again excommunicated by Pope John Paul II for illicit consecrations. In 1978, Domínguez claimed that Jesus Christ created him pope in 1978 in a mystical vision and transformed the Order into the Palmarian Catholic Church. Domínguez, now called Pope Gregory XVII, named Corral Cardinal Secretary of State of their church and named him his successor in 2000.

Sì sì no no via SSPX.org. Accessed 2008-01-01 The 1988 consecrations: a canonical study (November 1999). Sì sì no no via SSPX.org. Accessed 2008-01-01 The automatic excommunication was remitted by the Holy See on 21 January 2009.

Christ Church is the centre of worship for the united dioceses and holds notable annual events such as the Citizenship Service. As the cathedral of the southern province of the Church of Ireland it also hosts ordinations of priests and consecrations of bishops.

The consecrations, and the intended new provincial structure, all announced at the Anglican Communion News Service. The decision to become an independent province was rescinded at the diocesan synod in 2017. The new bishops remain in post as auxiliary bishops within the diocese.

Ecclesia Dei is the document Pope John Paul II issued on 2 July 1988 in reaction to the Ecône Consecrations, despite an express prohibition by the Holy See. It said that the two consecrating bishops and the four priests they consecrated were excommunicated. John Paul called for unity and established the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei to foster a dialog with those associated with the consecrations who hoped to maintain both loyalty to the papacy and their attachment to traditional liturgical forms. As is customary for such a papal document, it takes its name from the opening words of its Latin text, Ecclesia Dei, meaning "God's Church".

Alfonso de Galarreta Genua, SSPX (born 14 January 1957), is a Spanish- Argentine bishop of the Society of Saint Pius X. He was declared excommunicated latae sententiae by Pope John Paul II because of his unauthorized consecration by Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre in 1988, deemed by the Holy See to be "unlawful" and "a schismatic act".Apostolic letter Ecclesia Dei The SSPX denied the validity of the excommunication, saying that the consecrations were necessary due to a moral and theological crisis in the Catholic Church.SSPX FAQ Question 11 (29 June 1987). SSPX.org. Accessed 2008-01-01 The 1988 consecrations: a theological study (July & September 1999).

Discussions between the Holy See and the Society of Saint Pius X towards an eventual reconciliation have been ongoing. For years after the 1988 consecrations, there was little if any dialogue between the SSPX and the Holy See. This state of affairs ended when the society led a large pilgrimage to Rome for the "Great Jubilee" of 2000. Nine years later, on 21 January 2009 the Holy See remitted the excommunications of the society's bishops that it had declared at the time of the 1988 consecrations and expressed the hope that all members of the society would follow this up by speedily returning to full communion with the Church.

For a number of years after the 1988 consecrations, there was little if any dialogue between the Society of St. Pius X and the Holy See. This state of affairs ended when the Society led a large pilgrimage to Rome for the Jubilee in the year 2000.

Old Catholic bishops, recognized as valid by Rome, have acted as co-consecrators in episcopal consecrations with Anglicans. By 1969, Dufort argued, all Anglican bishops are now also in the Old Catholic succession. He argued that Apostolicae curae had been overtaken by events.Dufort, Timothy (29 May 1982).

England: Anglo-Saxon Consecrations: 871-1066 - Archontology.org In the autumn of 901, Æthelwold sailed with a fleet from his new allies into Essex. By 902 he and the East Anglian Danes were attacking deep into Mercia, one of Edward's most important allies, as far as Cricklade, in Wiltshire.

Among those consecrated by the leaders of OCR were Richard Williams Morgan and Charles Isaac Stevens, both of these consecrations being on 6 March 1879. Morgan had previously (1874) been consecrated by Jules Ferrette. Morgan joined in the consecration of Stevens on 6 March 1879, as principal consecrator.

The back entrance tower is 10.5 feet high and contains 13 statues of gods and goddesses and 4 lions and a swan with partially human form. Once every 12 years, in keeping with Hindu tradition, the temple is reconsecrated. Previous consecrations are in 1933, 1958, 1980, 1998 and 2016.

Ikenga requires consecration before usage. Normally, an Ikenga is consecrated in the presence of one's kinsmen or agemates by lineage head. Offerings of things like yam, cock, wine, kolanuts and alligator pepper are sacrificed to it. Consecrations are often more elaborate and occasionally less depending on the financial strength of the owner.

Fr. Andrew Stephen Damick largely blames the multiple consecrations by Ignatius as another complication. By the summer of 1933, only six parishes remained in the American Orthodox Catholic Church. Joseph later denied making the agreement that Ignatius would be his successor. His denial was not very significant because he was already sick.

The age of the two brothers at the time of their consecrations is not known, but they were both certainly young men. Eliya died in 1591, and his tomb inscription in the monastery of Rabban Hormizd mentions that he had been a metropolitan for fifteen years and patriarch for thirty-two years.

McGail, Peter. First communion: ritual, church and popular religious identity, 2007 p. 22 By this time Marian consecrations had spread beyond continental Europe and in England Father Frederick Faber had composed a hymn of consecration to the Virgin Mary which included a petition to her motherly role.Doyle, Mary E., Standard Catholic Readers, 2008 p.

According to the Carolingian liturgist Amalarius of Metz, Pope Simplicius was the first pope to carry out consecrations at any other time than in December before Christmas. He began to confer holy orders in February as well.Thiel, p. 175. Edmond Martḕne pointed out that this was the beginning of the custom of the Quattuor Temporum.

The sermon dates from around 1100 and was presumably performed at consecrations, or on the anniversary of such. The sermon text is a theological interpretation of the building elements in the church. It names most of the building elements in the stave church, and can be a source of terminology and technique.Storsletten, Ola (1993).

As the festival approaches, the danjiri cart is prepared with elaborate flower arrangements, prayer cards, ornaments, and religious consecrations. They also make a special song every year. It is believed that spirits or gods reside in the danjiri. The person on the roof of the Danjiri cart controls the direction of movement and performs a traditional fan dance.

Town guild members spend a considerable amount of time to prepare for the festival. Meetings and consecrations are held at shrines days before the festival. The carts themselves must be readied for pulling, as they are stored partly disassembled in warehouses. The carts are consecrated for the big event, and they are decorated in various ways.

He also granted them the right to seek holy oils, consecrations and ordinations from whichever Catholic bishop they wished.J. P. Migne (editor). Patrologiae Series Latina Tomus CLXXX (Paris: Garnier 1902), pp. 1048-1050. The bull of Pope Lucius II of 1144, in which it is alleged that Guastalla was subject to Reggio, is interpolated: Cappelletti, pp. 427-428.

Accessed August 24, 2011. The Anglican Church's provincial council approved its admission as a diocese on June 21. Guernsey took office on September 10, 2011.Anglican Church in North America, "Bishop Investiture and Consecrations to Take Place in September", August 9, 2011. Accessed August 24, 2011. Church of the Word, retained its property and rejoined DOMA in April 2016.

He was the author of occasional Charges, Sermons and Journals. During the mid-1860s, he undertook several bishop's duties (including ordinations of deacons/priests and consecrations of church buildings) in the Diocese of Exeter. In the late 1860s, when Robert Eden, Bishop of Bath and Wells, was ill, Chapman also assisted him as Coadjutor Bishop of Bath and Wells.

Churches with irregular or unresolved canonical status are entities that have carried out episcopal consecrations outside of the norms of canon law or whose bishops have been excommunicated by one of the 14 autocephalous churches. These include nationalist and other schismatic bodies such as the Abkhazian Orthodox Church, Evangelical Orthodox Church, and Russian True Orthodox Church.

Retrieved from on 2017-10-05. In 1986–1987, the Society's adherents in St Mary's, Kansas, were required to attend a series of catechetical sessions in which they were prepared for the forthcoming consecrations and their fallout.Letters in response to "The Society of St. Pius X Gets Sick", Fidelity, December 1992. Retrieved from on 2017-10-05.

Following the 1988 episcopal consecrations without a pontifical mandate, Pope John Paul II declared that the illicit consecrations were a schismatic act which "impli in practice the rejection of the Roman primacy" and that all six bishops involved in the ceremony had incurred automatic excommunication under the 1983 Code of Canon Law. John Paul II wrote, in Ecclesia Dei, that "the root of this schismatic act can be discerned in an incomplete and contradictory notion of Tradition." John Paul II reminded "that formal adherence to the schism is a grave offence against God" and schism is a delict against religion and the unity of the church with a penalty of excommunication. The individual excommunications of each of the SSPX bishops did not extend to the other SSPX members.

On August 15, 1989 Fr. Bilyk was consecrated to the Episcopate as auxiliary bishop. His consecration was the last one in the "Catacomb Church", before Dissolution of the Soviet Union. The principal and consecrator was clandestine bishop Sofron Dmyterko. On January 16, 1991 this consecration, among other clandestine consecrations, was confirmed by John Paul II with appointment as Titular Bishop of Novae.

Since Ebbo had been installed and removed several times as Archbishop of Reims, Altfrid took the unusual step of repeating all consecrations and ordinations of his predecessor to avoid their invalidation. In 864, Altfrid moved the relics of Saint Marsus from Auxerre to an unknown place in Saxony, most likely to Corvey Abbey. His sermon on the arrival of the relics survives.

234-235 before giving instructions on how to summon the angel over each day of the week, including instructions for magic circles, consecrations, use of holy water and exorcisms of fire. This portion uses elements of scripture, Sarum Missal, the Key of Solomon, Arbatel, Honorius, Agrippa, Raziel, and what would become the Tridentine Mass. It also shares some prayers found in the Munich Manual of Demonic Magic.

It was celebrated with nine consecrations, and in the presence of Pujya Shankaracharya and Chief Minister Shankarrao Chavan. One more divine thing about the revered Acharya is that he had a PADAM symbol in his foot middle. He would exhibit that only to those devotees who forbid one of his habit or vowed some PRAN for lifetime. He was the founder of many educational institutes.

The main primary source for the West Syriac bishops of Zuptara is the record of episcopal consecrations appended to Volume III of the Chronicle of the Syriac patriarch Michael the Syrian (1166–99).Michael the Syrian, Chronicle (ed. Chabot), iii. 451–82 In this Appendix Michael listed most of the bishops consecrated by the Syriac patriarchs of Antioch between the ninth and twelfth centuries.

In 1884 he was appointed Archbishop of Turku. However, due to the fact that all the Finnish bishops had died there was no available bishop to consecrate Renvall. As Finland was then an autonomous Grand Duchy under Russian rule, it was politically impossible to obtain a foreign bishop for consecrations. Hence, the oldest theological professor, Axel Fredrik Granfelt, was commissioned to consecrate the new archbishop.

Because the claim of apostolic succession has traditionally been viewed as a primary determinant of the validity of certain sacraments, some Independent Catholic clergy, particularly in the early days of the movement, underwent more than one ordination or consecration in order to be certain of having valid lines of apostolic succession. According to liturgical theology, these lines of apostolic succession are shared by bishops with the persons consecrated or ordained by them and, due to the indelible nature of the sacrament of holy orders, once ordained or consecrated, a person can never be ordained or consecrated again; nor can the orders be taken away. Subsequent ordinations and consecrations are considered "conditional" and without effect unless the recipient has previously received no valid ordination or consecration. These conditional consecrations and ordinations complicate conversations on the historical origins of the Independent Catholic movement and its communities.

A single small chapel, dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene (the Magdalenskapelle or Magdalene Chapel), existed for consecrations and requiem masses. The Virgilius Chapel lay directly underneath this chapel, and a vertical shaft connected the two buildings. In 1782, the cemetery around the Stephansdom was closed. The Magdalene Chapel was destroyed by fire in 1781 and was not rebuilt (presumably as, without a cemetery, there was no need for a funeral chapel).

He was buried in the monastery's cemetery. He made "the claim," according to his obituary, "that through his efforts the American branch of the Old Catholics number[ed] in 1920 about 120,000 in Canada and the United States." After Mathew died in 1919, the declared in 1920 that Mathew's "consecration was obtained ' and that consequently it is null and void." Consecrations derived from Mathew were not recognised by the .

You will be more happy and more useful there, for there is more liberty for women to exercise their gifts." Taking this as a sign from God, she abruptly left the Congregational Church and joined the Methodist Episcopal Church. "I raised a new Ebenezer of gratitude, 'for hitherto the Lord had helped me.' Anew I consecrated myself to the Lord and His service, and with new consecrations came new joy.

The Döbling Cemetery was expanded between 1899 and 1901 by 15,584 m² onto land that was either bought or repossessed for this purpose. The site was expanded by a further 9334 m² to 57,271 m² in 1906. The Jewish section was enlarged into an unused section of the cemetery at the same time. The morgue was renovated between 1907 and 1908 and a chapel was built for consecrations.

In 2000, Allison participated in the consecrations of Charles Murphy and John Rogers, who were both priests in the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, as missionary bishops to the United States from the Anglican churches of Rwanda and Southeast Asia. Bishops Murphy and Rogers provided leadership to the conservative Anglican Mission in America, in which Allison, although remaining a member of the Episcopal Church, has also been active. These consecrations, which occurred in Singapore, were controversial in the Episcopal Church as they were an act of protest against the church's blessing of same-sex unions but were also considered to be a breach of church unity. Other consecrators were Emmanuel Kolini, Archbishop of the Province of Rwanda, Moses Tay, Archbishop of the Province of South East Asia, John Rucyahana, Bishop of Shyira (Rwanda), Alex D. Dickson, retired Bishop of West Tennessee, and David Pytches, former Bishop of Chile, Bolivia and Peru and now a vicar in England.

Criticism of the Écône consecrations centred on the fact that they were carried out against the explicit orders of the then reigning Pope John Paul II. Under the Catholic Code of Canon Law, the consecration of a bishop requires the permission of the Pope, and (unless a papal dispensation has been granted) at least three consecrating bishops. Violation of the rule about the Pope's permission expressed in Canon 1013 has, since 1951, entailed automatic (latae sententiae) excommunication reserved to the Holy See both for the consecrator and for the recipient of the consecration, and in this case there was not only an absence of permission but an actual prohibition by the Pope. Lefebvre and his supporters argued that the circumstances under which the consecrations took place were such that none of the clergy involved was truly excommunicated. One of their arguments was that a 'state of necessity' existed in which the ordinary provisions of canon law could be set aside.

On June 6, 1962, Reh was appointed the ninth Bishop of Charleston, South Carolina. He received his episcopal consecration on the following June 29 from Cardinal Spellman, with Archbishop John Joseph Maguire and Bishop John Michael Fearns serving as co- consecrators. At his consecration, he wore the same vestments worn by Cardinal Spellman and Pope Pius XII at their own consecrations. Between 1962 and 1965, he attended all four sessions of the Second Vatican Council.

In December 1582 he formally adopted the Gregorian Calendar in his diocese. After the conclusion of the Siege of Ypres (1584), Six was invited to that city to reconsecrate the churches. In January 1585 he assisted at the double consecrations in Tournai of Petrus Simons as bishop of Ypres and Clemens Crabbeels as bishop of 's-Hertogenbosch. He died in Lille on 11 October 1586, while en route to attend a provincial synod in Mons.

Wagstaffe therefore was nominated bishop of Ipswich, and Hickes of Thetford, both in the diocese of Norwich. Their consecrations took place on 24 February 1694, at the house of the Rev. Mr. Giffard at Southgate in the parish of Enfield, near London, which apparently was occupied by White, the deprived bishop of Peterborough. A third supposed bishop—Lloyd of Norwich taking the lead—took part in the ceremony, Francis Turner, deprived of Ely.

On presenting himself to the old and increasingly senile Rose, he was consecrated as a bishop. When questioned later, Rose denied having done so, suggesting that perhaps his sister had. Rose had no authority to consecrate Brown, as the canon required no fewer than three consecrating bishops, although the nonjuring church in England had relied on such consecrations. The Episcopal Bishops were furious at Brown's consecration and declared it null and void.

Ngô Đình Thục, written ca. 1978–1980. Einsicht – röm.-kath. Zeitschrift: Munich Thục may have performed other consecrations besides the five bishops at Palmar de Troya and the three sedevacantists in 1981. He is said to have consecrated two priests, Luigi Boni and Jean Gerard Roux, in Loano in Italy on 18 April 1982, but a Dr. Heller, of Una Voce in Munich, has said that Thục was with him in Munich on that date.

Bishops of the American Catholic Church: Stephen Kaminski (Polish), Joseph Rene Vilatte (French), Paolo Miraglia-Gulotti (Italian) The American Catholic Church is a Christian church founded in 1915. Though no longer in existence, many groups have made claims to its lineage through the consecrations of Paolo Miraglia-Gulotti and Frederick Ebenezer Lloyd. The State of Illinois Charter for the ACC obtained by Abp. Vilatte, dated 13 July 1915, is now registered to Abp.

Gommateshwara statue during the Grand Consecration in August 2018 The Mahamastakabhisheka (Grand Consecration/The Great Indian Festival), refers to the abhiṣheka (anointment) of the Jain images when held on a large scale. The most famous of such consecrations is the anointment of the Bahubali Gommateshwara Statue located at Shravanabelagola in Karnataka, India. It is an important Jain festival held once in every 12 years. It is an integral part of the ancient and composite Jain tradition.

Nothing certain is known of the form of these early churches. From perhaps 1063 the present basilica was constructed. The consecration is variously recorded as being in 1084–85, 1093 (the date most often taken), 1102 and 1117, probably reflecting a series of consecrations of different parts.Demus, 3 The size of the church was increased in all directions, especially to the north and south, and the wooden domes replaced by brick, which required thickening such walls as were retained.

As this was without papal mandate, both Faure and Williamson (again) have incurred a latae sententiae excommunication. The SSPX condemned the consecration as "not at all comparable to the consecrations of 1988" and as proof that Williamson and Faure "no longer recognize the Roman authorities, except in a purely rhetorical manner". Exactly one year later, Williamson consecrated Tomás de Aquino Ferreira da Costa as a bishop in Brazil. This consecration also took place without papal approval.

Haliburton became increasingly sympathetic towards Jacobitism and ordained clergy, working closely with re-established episcopalian bishops and archbishops, though the latter often did not inform him about the secret consecrations of new bishops which were taking place. He moved to Denhead in 1710. He died at Halton on 29 September 1715. Twenty days earlier he had attended the raising of the standard of the Old Pretender at Fetteresso, the act which initiated the First Jacobite rising.

In the New Testament, John 10:22–23 says, "Then came the Festival of Dedication at Jerusalem. It was winter, and Jesus was in the temple courts walking in Solomon’s Colonnade" (NIV). The Greek noun used appears in the neuter plural as "the renewals" or "the consecrations" (Greek: τὰ ἐγκαίνια; ta enkaínia).This is the first reference to the Feast of Dedication by this name (ta egkainia, ta enkainia [a typical "festive plural"]) in Jewish literature (Hengel 1999: 317).

Consecrations in Eastern Christianity can refer to either the Sacred Mystery (Sacrament) of Cheirotonea (Ordination through laying on of hands) of a bishop, or the sanctification and solemn dedication of a church building. It can also (more rarely) be used to describe the change of the bread and wine into the Body and Blood of Christ at the Divine Liturgy. The Chrism used at Chrismation and the Antimension placed on the Holy Table are also said to be consecrated.

Anson wrote that in his agreement with Alvares, Vilatte acknowledged that if he "deviated from their Canons and Rules, he would be subject to dismissal from the dignity of Metropolitan." Bishops were consecrated by Vilatte "without authority" from the Patriarch of the Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch, who "therefore does not recognize such consecrations or their derivative consecrations and ordinations." For both Kaminski and Kozlowski, according to Kubiak, "their movements became isolated in the Polonia community, not so much because of the propaganda of the , but rather because of the public opinion negative assessment of the associations of Polonia toward the dissenters." Kubiak wrote: Just before the Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland and wider Revolution of 1905 in the Russian Empire, Stanislaw Osada, in Historya Związku Narodowego Polskiego i rozwój ruchu narodowego Polskiego w Ameryce Północne, wrote in the United States, that Russian agents endeavored to draw believers into Old Catholicism, not for faith but for "implanting in the womb of Catholicism" the basis for Polish discord, to facilitate the Russification of the Catholic Church.

The most famous of the later bishops was Nicolaus Ragvaldi (1426–38), present at the Council of Basle, and in 1438 translated to Upsala. The last Roman Catholic bishop was Ingemar Petri (consecrated 1495), who, by judicious concessions, remained at Vexiö until his death in 1530. He took no part in episcopal consecrations during Gustav I Vasa's reign, when the Catholic hierarchy was replaced by the Lutheran state religion. The chapter of Vexiö consisted of dean, archdeacon, subdean and eleven prebendaries.

Saltman Theobald pp. 100–101 He took part in shire courts in both Norfolk and Suffolk in 1150, and continued to assist with episcopal consecrations throughout the remainder of Stephen's reign.Saltman Theobald pp. 104, 107, 119, 123 No records exist of him being involved with treasury affairs during this time. His witnessing of charters is sparse, and almost always in company with other bishops; this suggests that he was only at court for councils or other similar events.Karn "Nigel" Historical Research pp.

Ball opposed women's ordination in the 1970s and was briefly associated with the Episcopal Synod of America but later changed his position, serving with and ordaining female priests and deacons since at least 1989.Mary S. Donovan, "Women as Priests and Bishops", UALR History Seminar, November 7, 1989; Revised February 13, 1992; July 20, 1992, found at Women as Priests and Bishops. Accessed March 30, 2008. He took part in several consecrations of other bishops, including that of his successors.

Although the word Vanara has come to mean "monkey" over the years and the Vanaras are depicted as monkeys in the popular art, their exact identity is not clear. Unlike other exotic creatures such as the rakshasas, the Vanaras do not have a precursor in the Vedic literature. The Ramayana presents them as humans with reference to their speech, clothing, habitations, funerals, weddings, consecrations etc. It also describes their monkey-like characteristics such as their leaping, hair, fur and a tail.

She also made two solemn consecrations to the Blessed Virgin Mary both on 16 July 1946 and on 8 December 1961 - the latter being on the occasion of the Feast of the Immaculate Conception. Pellesi died on 1 December 1972 in the Franciscan convent at Sassuolo. She had been allowed to return to the convent on 6 November 1972 though her situation had deteriorated and led to her death. At the time of her death she had been reduced to 43 pounds.

I. cap. lxv.) If the dying person cannot take solid food, the Eucharist may be administered via wine alone, since Catholicism holds that Christ exists in his entirety (body, blood, soul, and divinity) in both the solid and liquid consecrations. The sacrament of Extreme Unction is often administered immediately before giving Viaticum if a priest is available to do so. Unlike the Anointing of the Sick, Viaticum may be administered by a priest, deacon or by an extraordinary minister, using the reserved Blessed Sacrament.

On May 1, 2011 the bishops of the UOGCC declared an excommunication against Pope Benedict XVI. On March 29, 2012 the Vatican Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF) published a declaration, urged by the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church and dated February 22, 2012, concerning the main bishops of the UOGCC. It stated that CDF would not recognize the episcopal consecrations of the UOGCC's bishops as valid, and that the bishops of the UOGCC had been excommunicated. The UOGCC bishops wrote a response to the excommunication.

Phillimore continued to serve in the navy, carrying troops of the Royal African Corps to Cape Coast Castle during the First Anglo- Ashanti War in 1824. On the return voyage he stopped to re-provision at St Michael's in August. The English residents of the settlement asked Phillimore to have the burial ground there consecrated, a task he delegated to his ship's chaplain, to be carried out the next day at noon. The chaplain pointed out that consecrations could only be carried out by a bishop.

The Abbey of Saint Gall bought the dominion Glattburg in 1486. Gotthard from the family von Glattburg is first attested as conventual in the Abbey of Saint Gall in 1489; in 1490 he held the office of governor in Wil. On 18 March 1491, he was elected abbot. Shortly thereafter, Gotthard travelled to Rome to receive the papal confirmation of his abbacy on 9 May 1491. He received the correspondent consecrations from Bishop Titus Veltri of Castro in the church Santa Maria dell’Anima on 15 May 1491.

Philip of Spanheim, heir to the Dukedom of Carinthia, refused to take priestly consecrations, and was replaced by Ulrich, Bishop of Seckau. King Rudolph I of Habsburg quarrelled with the archbishops through the manipulations of Abbot Henry of Admont, and after his death the archbishops and the Habsburgs made peace in 1297. The people and archbishops of Salzburgs remained loyal to the Habsburgs in their struggles against the Wittelsbachs. When the Black Death reached Salzburg in 1347, the Jews were accused of poisoning the wells and suffered severe persecution.

The splendour and scale of the church meant it was the chosen venue for the episcopal consecrations of Bishops Henry Henry in 1895, of John Tohill in 1908 and later in 1929 of Bishop Daniel Mageean. One notable feature is the indomitable 7ft tall statue of St Patrick above the door which (like the altar) was carved by the English-born James Pearse, father of Padraig Pearse. A two-ton bell, cast by Thomas Sheridan of Dublin,Bell from Sheridan’s Foundry, Dublin, National Museum of Ireland website. Retrieved 30 October 2017.

He continued to serve as rector until 1956, when he became pastor of St. Francis de Sales Church. On November 4, 1957, Fearns was appointed auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of New York and titular bishop of Geras by Pope Pius XII. He received his episcopal consecration on the following December 10 from Cardinal Francis Spellman, with Archbishop Patrick O'Boyle and Bishop Edward Joseph Maginn serving as co-consecrators, at St. Patrick's Cathedral. At his consecration, he wore the same vestments worn by Cardinal Spellman and Pope Pius XII at their own consecrations.

When Joseph René Vilatte was soliciting for consecration by a bishop with orders recognised by the Catholic Church, he was guided to Alvares, who jointly with Mar Athanasious, and with the permission of the Syriac Orthodox Patriarch, consecrated him in 1892 in Colombo, British Ceylon. This became Alvares' cathedral. Alvares lived in Colombo, Sri Lanka, in the twin villages of Brahmavar & Kalianpur, Karnataka and finally in Ribandar, Goa where he died of dysentery and was buried. Pinto, acting in his capacity as the United States Consul, witnessed Alvares' and Vilatte's consecrations.

In early 1973 he visited the United States. Also in 1973, he was visited by Pope Shenouda III of the Coptic Orthodox Church, Archbishop Makarios, President and Greek Orthodox Primate of Cyprus, and Patriarch Pimen of All Russia. Theophilos at various times visited the Holy Land, several Orthodox sees in Eastern Europe, and also toured the new Ethiopian Orthodox parishes in the Caribbean basin. In February 1972 Theophilos consecrated six new bishops at Holy Trinity Cathedral, the first of two consecrations he carried out during his brief incumbency.

In the Merovingian era, the city was capital of the Kingdom of Orléans following Clovis I's division of the kingdom, then under the Capetians it became the capital of a county then duchy held in appanage by the house of Valois-Orléans. The Valois-Orléans family later acceded to the throne of France via Louis XII then Francis I. In 1108, one of the few consecrations of a French monarch to occur outside of Reims occurred at Orléans, when Louis VI of France was consecrated in Orléans cathedral by Daimbert, archbishop of Sens.

In addition to the sacraments, instituted by Christ, there are many sacramentals, sacred signs (rituals or objects) that derive their power from the prayer of the Church. They involve prayer accompanied by the sign of the cross or other signs. Important examples are blessings (by which praise is given to God and his gifts are prayed for), consecrations of persons, and dedications of objects to the worship of God. Popular devotions are not strictly part of the liturgy, but if they are judged to be authentic, the Church encourages them.

The main primary source for the Jacobite bishops of Tel Patriq is the record of episcopal consecrations appended to Volume III of the Chronicle of the Jacobite patriarch Michael the Syrian (1166–99). In this Appendix Michael listed most of the bishops consecrated by the Jacobite patriarchs of Antioch between the ninth and twelfth centuries. Twenty-eight Jacobite patriarchs sat during this period, and in many cases Michael was able to list the names of the bishops consecrated during their reigns, their monasteries of origin, and the place where they were consecrated.

The consecrations were illicit but valid, and on 13 April 1791 a papal bull deprived Talleyrand of his faculties and threatened excommunication.Orieux, pp. 84–86. Pius VI, Collectio bullarum, p. 53–54: Pariter declaramus suspensos esse ab Omni exercitio episcopalis ordinis, Carolum episcopum Augustodunensem, Joannem-Baptistam episcopum Babylonis, et Joannem Josephum episcopum Liddae, sacrilegos consecratores seu adsistentes, et suspensos partier esse ab exercitio sacerdotalis.... Those who had taken the oath to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy were given forty days to repent and repudiate their false oaths.

Plummer writes: "Many independent bishops have been consecrated multiple times, in an effort to ensure sacramental validity and consolidate claims to the historic episcopate. Such consecrations, in which literally dozens of 'lineages' can be transmitted from one bishop to another, only increase the difficulty of accurately describing the ancestry of any given group." He says that this "crossbreeding of ecclesiastical lineage" has reached such a point that most Independent Catholic clergy share most or all of their heritage in common, even if this shared heritage has not contributed in any way toward jurisdictional unity.

Anson, pp. 180–81. Mathew later consecrated several other bishops who spread through England and North America. Plummer writes that, as a result, "we begin to see the small, endlessly multiplying groups, with a high percentage of the membership in holy orders, which came to characterize the independent movement." From a historical perspective, one of Mathew's most important consecrations was of Frederick Samuel Willoughby, who in turn consecrated James Wedgwood, the co-founder in 1918 of the Liberal Catholic Church, an esoteric community closely aligned with the Theosophical Society and allowing complete freedom of belief.

Bishops are almost always chosen from among monks, and those who are not generally receive the monastic tonsure before their consecrations. Many (but not all) Orthodox seminaries are attached to monasteries, combining academic preparation for ordination with participation in the community's life of prayer. Monks who have been ordained to the priesthood are called hieromonk (priest-monk); monks who have been ordained to the diaconate are called hierodeacon (deacon-monk). Not all monks live in monasteries, some hieromonks serve as priests in parish churches thus practising "monasticism in the world".

Also in 1140, Theobald consecrated Uhtred as Bishop of Llandaff, with Uhtred also swearing to obey Theobald. Likewise, when Theobald consecrated Gilbert as Bishop of St Asaph in 1142, a similar profession of obedience was made.Saltman Theobald pp. 92–94 Along with these consecrations, Theobald's legal efforts enabled him to withstand the attempts of Bernard to turn St David's into an archbishopric, and when Bernard was succeeded by David fitzGerald in 1148, Theobald secured the new bishop's profession of obedience to Canterbury, thus ending the efforts to remove Wales from Canterbury's jurisdiction.

61 ; Diarmid MacCullough, The Later Reformation in England, 1547-1603, 1990 p. 26 ; Christopher Haigh, English Reformations, Religion, Politics and Society under the Tudors, 1993 pp. 240-242 The government recruited four bishops who had been retired by Queen Mary or gone into exile. Two of the four, William Barlow and John Hodgkins had in Rome's view valid orders, since, having been made bishops in 1536 and 1537 with the Roman Pontifical in the Latin Rite, their consecrations met the criteria according to the definition stated in Apostolicae Curae.

In 2003, Archbishop Robin Eames, the Anglican Primate of All Ireland, was appointed by the Archbishop of Canterbury as Chairman of the Lambeth Commission on Communion. This commission studied the state of unity in the Anglican Communion in light of the developments in the United States and Canada. The Commission published its findings, the Windsor Report, on 18 October 2004. The report did not adopt a view on homosexual practice, but nevertheless recommended a moratorium on further consecrations of actively homosexual bishops and public Rites of Blessing of same-sex unions,The Windsor Report 2004.

On Friday 30 September 2005 the Grand Lodge of Macedonia (GLM) was consecrated by the United Grand Lodge of England, with Spencer Compton, 7th Marquess of Northampton, Pro Grand Master, presiding as the consecrating officer. Consecrations of foreign Grand Lodges by the United Grand Lodge of England are relatively unusual. Given the position of UGLE, the original Grand Lodge within world Freemasonry, official recognition of the new Macedonian Grand Lodge followed swiftly. Today the Grand Lodge of Macedonia is recognised by most of the world's regular Grand Lodges.

The Holy Orthodox Church in North America (HOCNA) is an Orthodox Christian church located primarily in the United States and Canada, with additional communities in Latin America, Europe, Africa, and the Republic of Georgia. Many of HOCNA's clergy had been part of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia (ROCOR). HOCNA was incorporated in 1987 by a group of former ROCOR clergy, and received its first two episcopal consecrations from the synod of bishops of Archbishop Auxentius of Athens of the Church of the True Orthodox Christians of Greece. HOCNA's current Primate is Gregory, Metropolitan of Boston.

" By the end of 1923 the was no longer an "independent political organization" as it merged with the Workers Party of America; and, it was dissolved in 1925. McGuire believed that apostolic succession was "essential to authenticate the claims of the ". According to Bains, however, "the questionable authenticity of Vilatte's consecrations haunted their relations with other churches." For example, although three months after being raised to the episcopate, McGuire was granted an audience with Patriarch Meletius IV of Constantinople in New York City, but the "never gained the desired recognition from a major Eastern Orthodox Church.

After receiving news of his appointment, he stated, "I am delighted, of course, that I am going to be a successor of the Apostles, and I am humbly grateful to God." He received his episcopal consecration on the following December 16 from Cardinal Francis Spellman, with Bishops Joseph Patrick Donahue and Stephen Joseph Donahue serving as co-consecrators, at St. Patrick's Cathedral. At his consecration, he wore the same vestments worn by Cardinal Spellman and Pope Pius XII at their own consecrations. He was also given the episcopal ring of Cardinal Patrick Joseph Hayes and the pectoral cross of Archbishop John Hughes.

It is unknown why Bragadino had to leave Venice but from 1574 to 1579 he stayed in Florence and was in contact with Grand Duchess Bianca Cappello whom he promised to heal from infertility with the philosopher's stone. This business may explain the high amount of money (Minucci writes of at least 40,000 scudi) that Bragadino was able to spend for a while. Later, Bragadino had to escape his creditors though and moved to Rome where he became a monk in a Capuchin monastery. He received the minor consecrations and also a higher one, becoming Subdeacon.

On March 19, 2015, Bishop Williamson consecrated Bishop Jean-Michel Faure at the Benedictine Monastery of the Holy Cross in Nova Friburgo, Brazil. Father Faure, a Frenchman, was one of the first members of the Society of St. Pius X and was even initially considered for the episcopacy by Marcel Lefebvre in the 1988 consecrations, though Faure turned down the selection; Alfonso de Galarreta was chosen in his place. Faure served the society as district superior of both Argentina and Mexico for many years. While both had already been expelled from the society, the SSPX condemned the consecration.

An alternative possibility might be that Bain's 23 April 1879 date is a transcription error for 23 April 1878 and that Bain (or Bain's sources) did not appreciate the significant and important distinction between a vardapet and a bishop. Brandreth noted that Chechemian was "said to have been" a titular bishop who "had no jurisdiction to perform consecrations", his doubt, about whether Chechemian was consecrated as a bishop by Chorchorunian, is supported by others. An 1890 letter to the editor from a promoter of Chechemian to the Belfast News-Letter never referred to Chechemian as a bishop.

The ecumenical mission or vision that gave rise to the birth of the Catholicate of the West and to the notion of restoring an ecumenical apostolic succession partially derives from the theology and aspirations of the Catholic Apostolic Church (Irvingites). In the 1930s, there was a somewhat parallel situation in the Church of England in that the Church of England had started to incorporate "Old Catholic" successions within its consecrations of bishops. In the case of the Church of England, the objective was that Anglican orders would meet the criteria declared by the Roman Catholic Church.

In what used to be East Germany both religious observance and affiliation are much lower than in the rest of the country, after forty years of Communist rule. The government of the German Democratic Republic encouraged a state atheist worldview through institutions such as Jugendweihen (youth consecrations) — secular coming-of-age ceremonies akin to Christian confirmation which all young people were encouraged to attend. The number of christenings, religious weddings, and funerals is also lower than in the West. According to a survey among German youths (aged 12 to 24) in the year 2006, most German youths are non-religious (51%).

Gaya is considered to be one of the most ideal places to perform the shraddh. (A shraddh is the Hindu ritual that one performs to pay homage to one's 'ancestors', especially to one's dead parents). As per Hindu belief system, it is believed that a person goes to hell if he dies in the following circumstances - if he meets an accidental death, if he dies without his consecrations being performed, or if he is killed by a wild animal. But, if 'Shraddh rituals' of that person are performed at 'Gaya' then the soul of such a man will get rid of the tortures of the hell and will go to heaven.

1233-1234 (labelled Sessio XIX). Another session was scheduled for Monday 15 July, but it was postponed until the 27th at the Pope's request, due to the arrival of Louis of Anjou, the pretender to the throne of Naples. At the Session of 27 July Pope Alexander confirmed the validity of all of the appointments, ordinations and consecrations made by any of the popes during the Schism. He announced through the Archbishop of Pisa, Alamanno Adimari, that, considering the poor financial condition of the Church, he was remitting a wide range of monies owed to the Apostolic Camera, including death duties on deceased prelates, annates, and arrears owed to the Treasury.

Fernando Arêas Rifan was born in São Fidélis in the diocese of Campos, Brazil and was ordained as a priest of that diocese on 8 December 1974. He joined the Priestly Union of Saint Jean-Marie Vianney, founded by Bishop Antônio de Castro Mayer, who was Bishop of Campos from 3 January 1949 until his retirement on 29 August 1981, and who had refused to accept in his diocese the revision of the liturgy of the Roman Rite by Pope Paul VI.Hall, Nicole. "Old Right Renaissance", CIEL-UK, conf. 2003 On 30 June 1988, Rifan acted as assistant presbyter at the Ecône Consecrations by Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre and Bishop Castro Mayer.

These records tend to be patchy before the 11th century, and the chance survival of a list of bishops present at the consecration of the patriarch Yohannan IV in 900 helps to fill one of the many gaps in our knowledge.MS Paris BN Syr 354, folio 147 The records of attendance at patriarchal consecrations must be used with caution, however, as they can give a misleading impression. They inevitably gave prominence to the bishops of Mesopotamia and overlooked those of the more remote dioceses who were unable to be present. These bishops were often recorded in the acts of the Sassanian synods, because they adhered to their acts by letter.

Bishop Overall, who was highly favored by the king, was sent to meet the Roman Catholic Archbishop. The result of this intervention by Bishop Overall was that Marco Antonio de Dominis was created Dean of Windsor. On 14 December 1617 the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Spalato — who had been consecrated at Venice using the Tridentine Pontifical in October 1600 — assisted Archbishop George Abbot at the consecration of Nicholas Felton, and George Montaigne, elected, respectively, Bishops of Ely and of London, with the Bishop of Rochester, Bishop Overall, and Archbishop Spalato laying on hands. The participation of Spalato was a form of giving additional weight to the consecrations.

The Pope appealed to him not to proceed in "a schismatic act", warning of "theological and canonical consequences".On 3 June, Lefebvre wrote that he would still go ahead with the 30 June consecrations. On 9 June 1988, Pope John Paul II replied to him with a personal letter, recalling the agreement the archbishop had signed on 5 May and appealing to him not to proceed with a design that "would be seen as nothing other than a schismatic act, the theological and canonical consequences of which are known to you." When no reply came from Lefebvre, this letter was made public on 16 June.

Pope John Paul II, an Obituary , Latin Mass Society of Ireland On 30 June 1988, Lefebvre, with Bishop Emeritus Antônio de Castro Mayer of Campos, Brazil, as co-consecrator, consecrated four SSPX priests as bishops: Bernard Tissier de Mallerais, Richard Williamson, Alfonso de Galarreta and Bernard Fellay. Shortly before the consecrations, Lefebvre gave the following sermon: > ... this ceremony, which is apparently done against the will of Rome, is in > no way a schism. We are not schismatics! If an excommunication was > pronounced against the bishops of China, who separated themselves from Rome > and put themselves under the Chinese government, one very easily understands > why Pope Pius XII excommunicated them.

Churches having episcopal polity are governed by bishops. The title bishop comes from the Greek word , which translates as overseer. In regard to Catholicism, bishops have authority over the diocese, which is both sacramental and political; as well as performing ordinations, confirmations, and consecrations, the bishop supervises the clergy of the diocese and represents the diocese both secularly and in the hierarchy of church governance. Bishops in this system may be subject to higher ranking bishops (variously called archbishops, metropolitan or patriarchs, depending upon the tradition; see also Bishop for further explanation of the varieties of bishops.) They also meet in councils or synods.

Kyriakidis identified the need to extract large sums of money from the churches of Saint George, Saint Theodore, Τίμιου Σταυρού and Παναγίας for the educational needs of the town. Sale of church property as well as donations and consecrations resulted in the erection of a new school at the Frontistirion of Argyropolis, a school which was to operate until the Exchange (1923). The Frontistirion comprised a three- grade high school, a seven-grade primary school including scholarship classes, and a six-grade girls' school, as well as a carpet-making technical school. Another public building was the library, the Educational Society Kyriakidis, as well as the Metropolis of Chaldia.

On 3 June, Lefebvre wrote from Écône, stating that he intended to proceed with the consecrations. On 9 June, the Pope replied to him with a personal letter, appealing to him not to proceed with a design that "would be seen as nothing other than a schismatic act, the theological and canonical consequences of which are known to you." Lefebvre did not reply, and the letter was made public on 16 June. On 17 June, Cardinal Bernardin Gantin, Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops sent the proposed bishops a formal canonical warning that they would automatically incur the penalty of excommunication if they were ordained by Lefebvre without papal permission.

The Treaty of Lisbon (1668) allowed the Pope to restore the ecclesiastic jurisdiction in Portugal, previously placed in hold due to the conflict between the House of Braganza and the House of Habsburg: in 1659 had died the last bishop in Portugal. On 12 August 1670 Francesco Ravizza was nominated Apostolic Nuncio to Portugal. He reached Lisboa on 4 May 1671 after had passed in Paris to obtain the support of France in negotiating with the prince-regent Peter II of Portugal. In Lisboa Ravizza performed many episcopal consecrations in order to re-establish a hierarchy there, but he found difficulties to re-establish also the ecclesiastic tribunals.

Tridentine Catholic Mass In the Catholic Church, the Communion bread is fervently revered in view of the Church's doctrine that, when bread and wine are consecrated during the Eucharistic celebration, they cease to be bread and wine and become the body and blood of Christ. The empirical appearances continue to exist unchanged, but the reality is changed by the power of the Holy Spirit, Who has been called down upon the bread and wine. The separate consecrations of the bread (known as the host) and of the wine symbolizes the separation of Jesus' body from his blood at Calvary. However, since He has risen, the Church teaches that His Body and Blood are no longer actually separated.

Dr Henry Williams and his wife lived at Moor Park House, built in 1859 in Beckwithshaw, and acquired by them in 1882.Laminated history sheet for visitors at Beckwithshaw Church: St Michael and All Angels: a brief history of the church The household and estate, expanded in 1882, employed many local people until the late 1970s when Harrison Developments of Leeds bought the buildings and converted them into flats.BBC: Domesday reloaded, Moor Park House Retrieved 29 January 2014 The church was built "entirely at their own expense."The Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer 30 September 1886: "Church consecrations by the Bishop of Ripon: Beckwithshaw" They funded the building at £8,000, with an endowment of £5,000.

In 1988, Williamson was one of four SSPX priests who were ordained as bishops by Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, for which they incurred ipso facto automatic excommunication. The validity of the excommunication has always been denied by the SSPX, who argue that the consecrations were necessary due to a crisis in the Catholic Church. The excommunications, including that of Williamson, were lifted on 21 January 2009, but the suspension of the bishops from the exercise of ministry within the Catholic Church remained in force, except for certain exceptions. The exceptions were granted by Popes Benedict XVI and Francis as a way to foster dialogue and goodwill, and allow the priests limited ministry despite their canonically irregular situation.

The main primary source for the Syriac Orthodox metropolitans of Anazarbus is the record of episcopal consecrations appended to Volume III of the Chronicle of the Syriac Orthodox patriarch Michael the Syrian (1166–99). In this Appendix Michael listed most of the bishops consecrated by the Syriac Orthodox patriarchs of Antioch between the ninth and twelfth centuries. Twenty-eight Syriac Orthodox patriarchs sat during this period, and in many cases Michael was able to list the names of the bishops consecrated during their reigns, their monasteries of origin, and the place where they were consecrated. For the sixth and seventh centuries, Michael's lists are supplemented by several references in other Syriac Orthodox narrative sources.

Continuing Churches with a Catholic or Anglican tradition have sometimes found it difficult to manage the initial separation in that there are a limited number of Anglicans or Roman Catholics who have passed on valid Apostolic succession. Prior to the 1970s, ‘Continuing Churches’ often approached English speaking Old Catholics to obtain Apostolic Succession and to place themselves within the historic episcopacy. This means that although such churches may have continued the beliefs and practices of Anglicanism, they have Apostolic Succession through the Old Catholic bishops Arnold Harris Matthew or Rudolphe De Landas Berghes. Most Continuing Anglican churches, however, descend from the "Denver Consecrations" of 1978 in which the consecrators were bishops in good standing in the Anglican Communion.

The main primary source for the Syriac Orthodox metropolitans of Simandu is the record of episcopal consecrations appended to Volume III of the Chronicle of the Syriac Orthodox patriarch Michael the Syrian (1166–99). In this Appendix Michael listed most of the bishops consecrated by the Syriac Orthodox patriarchs of Antioch between the ninth and twelfth centuries. Twenty-eight Syriac Orthodox patriarchs sat during this period, and in many cases Michael was able to list the names of the bishops consecrated during their reigns, their monasteries of origin, and the place where they were consecrated. Two twelfth-century bishops omitted from Michael's list are mentioned in the Chronicon Ecclesiasticum of the Jacobite maphrian Bar Hebraeus (ob.1286).

The main primary source for the Jacobite bishops of Gubos is the record of episcopal consecrations appended to Volume III of the Chronicle of the Jacobite patriarch Michael the Syrian (1166–99). In this Appendix Michael listed most of the bishops consecrated by the Jacobite patriarchs of Antioch between the ninth and twelfth centuries. Twenty-eight Jacobite patriarchs sat during this period, and in many cases Michael was able to list the names of the bishops consecrated during their reigns, their monasteries of origin, and the place where they were consecrated. For the thirteenth century, Michael's lists are supplemented by numerous references in the Chronicon Syriacum and Chronicon Ecclesiasticum of the Jacobite maphrian Bar Hebraeus (ob.1286).

"Pope seeks immunity in Texas abuse case", The Sydney Morning Herald 17 August 2005. Retrieved 8 October 2011 WebCitation archive On 12 March 1983, Ratzinger, as prefect, notified the lay faithful and the clergy that Archbishop Pierre Martin Ngo Dinh Thuc had incurred excommunication latae sententiae for illicit episcopal consecrations without the apostolic mandate. In 1997, when he turned 70, Ratzinger asked Pope John Paul II for permission to leave the Congregation of the Doctrine of Faith and to become an archivist in the Vatican Secret Archives and a librarian in the Vatican Library, but Pope John Paul ll refused his assent.Caldwell, Simon "Pope Benedict wanted to be a librarian" The Daily Telegraph, 5 August 2010.

Trinity Church offers five services on Sundays, including a now rarely heard modified version of Rite I Morning Prayer including a sermon and extra anthem, as well as a service of sung Compline in the late evening. Weekday services include Wednesday Evensong and Thursday Holy Eucharist with Prayers for Healing. Trinity has played host to many special services over the years, due mainly to its central location in Boston, large seating capacity, and reputation as a parish willing to open its doors and be "Boston's church." These services have included interfaith (Christian, Jewish, Muslim) services immediately following the 9/11 attacks, a similar service following the July 2005 London bombings, and many prominent funerals, consecrations of bishops, and the like.

The main primary source for the Syriac Orthodox bishops of Laqabin is the record of episcopal consecrations appended to Volume III of the Chronicle of the Syriac Orthodox patriarch Michael the Syrian (1166–99). In this Appendix Michael listed most of the bishops consecrated by the Syriac Orthodox patriarchs of Antioch between the ninth and twelfth centuries. Twenty-eight Syriac Orthodox patriarchs sat during this period, and in many cases Michael was able to list the names of the bishops consecrated during their reigns, their monasteries of origin, and the place where they were consecrated. For the thirteenth century, Michael's lists are supplemented by several references in the Chronicon Syriacum and Chronicon Ecclesiasticum of the Jacobite maphrian Bar Hebraeus (ob.1286).

On 4 May 1890, Chechemian received consecration as a bishop for the Ancient British Church from Charles Isaac Stevens, (also known as Mar Theophilus I), patriarch of the Ancient British Church, assisted by Alfred Spencer Richardson, bishop of the branch of the Reformed Episcopal Church in England. Richardson's unauthorised acts, the consecration of James Martin c. 1888 and participation in the conditional consecration of Chechemian in 1890, were according to John Fenwick, in The Free Church of England, "the only time in the history of the Free Church of England or its constituent bodies one of its bishops took part in the consecrations of what are known as episcopi vagantes", and resulted in a canonical case brought against Richardson. Richardson resigned and the case did not proceed.

An episcopal rank given for a Hierarch of a small town or village, under the jurisdiction of a Metropolitan Bishop, a Metropolitan Archbishop or a Bishop. He has the same ecclesiastical authority as that of the other Hierarchs. The exception is that he is to ordain Priests or Deacons and all Minor Orders, to consecrate holy vessels, altars, baptisteries or Churches only in his village or town and only with the authorization of the Patriarch, if assigned within the Patriarchal Diocese, or that of a Metropolitan Bishop, a Metropolitan Archbishop or a Bishop of the Metropolis/Diocese, in which his town or village is. This special Patriarchal, Metropolitan or Episcopal permission is essential for the above-mentioned ordinations and consecrations.

All these point to the probability of the Christians deriving their custom from a Jewish origin. Eusebius of CaesareaEusebius, Ecclesiastical History X. 3. speaks of the dedication of churches rebuilt after the Diocletian persecution, including the church at Tyre in 314 AD. The consecrations of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem in 335, which had been built by Constantine I, and of other churches after his time, are described both by Eusebius and by other ecclesiastical historians. From them we gather that every consecration was accompanied by a celebration of the Holy Eucharist and a sermon, and special prayers of a dedicatory character, but there is no trace of the elaborate ritual of the medieval pontificals dating from the 8th century onwards.

It is possible that his occasional inclusion on the list of the bishops of Whithorn is the result of a scribal mistake or confusion, and that there was no such bishop at that episcopal see. At the end of John of Worcester's Chronicle are lists of bishops of the various dioceses, and the list for Candida Casa includes a certain Heathored as following Beadwulf, Florence of Worcester, The Names of the Bishops of Whitherne but no chronicle (including this one) mentions either Whithorn or its bishop after Beadwulf. However, the various chronicles continue to mention the deaths and consecrations of the bishops at York, Hexham, and Lindisfarne well into the ninth century. Had there been a successor to Beadwulf, it is unlikely that he would have escaped the attention of the chroniclers.

The Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter (; FSSP) is a traditionalist Catholic society of apostolic life for priests and seminarians which is in communion with the Holy See. The society was founded in 1988 under the leadership of 12 priests who were formerly members of the Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX), another traditionalist organization, but were unwilling to remain part of it following the Écône consecrations, which resulted in its bishops being excommunicated by the Holy See. Headquartered in Switzerland, the society maintains two international seminaries: the International Seminary of St. Peter in Wigratzbad-Opfenbach, Bavaria, and Our Lady of Guadalupe Seminary in Denton, Nebraska, United States. The society is officially recognized by the Holy See and its priests celebrate the Tridentine Mass in locations in 124 worldwide dioceses.

For the adherents of this understanding of apostolic succession, grace is transmitted during episcopal consecrations (the ordination of bishops) by the laying on of hands of bishops previously consecrated within the apostolic succession. They hold that this lineage of ordination derives from the Twelve Apostles, thus making the Church the continuation of the early Apostolic Christian community. They see it as one of four elements that define the true Church of Jesus ChristOskar Sommel, Rudolf Stählin Christliche Religion, Frankfurt 1960, p.19 and legitimize the ministry of its clergy, since only a bishop within the succession can perform valid ordinations, and only bishops and presbyters (priests) ordained by bishops in the apostolic succession can validly celebrate (or "confect") several of the other sacraments, including the Eucharist, reconciliation of penitents, confirmation and anointing of the sick.

In 1997, the archdioceses of Texas and of New York were received into the Milan Synod. To correct any deficiencies or perceived ambiguities in their consecrations, which were performed while they were associated with the various splinters of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church, they were accepted through the rite of Chierothesia. (The clergy of North America, as mentioned above as being an independent jurisdiction, were known as the Synod of Orthodox Bishops of the Western Rite until their reception by the Milan Synod, after which the Synod as an independent entity was dissolved.) The Milan Synod's American archdioceses operated under the formal headship of Archbishop Hilarion of Texas from 1997 to 2011, with two bishops and a generally stable presence of approximately 25 to 30 parishes during most of this period.

The Catholic Church has always taught that bishops are descended from a continuous line of bishops since the days of the apostles, which is known as apostolic succession. Since 1896, when Pope Leo XIII issued the bull Apostolicae curae, the Catholic Church has not recognised Anglican orders as valid, because of changes in the ordination rites that took place in the 16th century as well as divergence in the understanding of the theology of episcopacy and Eucharist. However, this view has since been complicated because Old Catholic bishops, whose orders are fully recognised as valid by Rome, have acted as co-consecrators in Anglican episcopal consecrations. According to the church historian Timothy Dufort, by 1969 all Church of England bishops had acquired Old Catholic lines of apostolic succession fully recognised by the Holy See.

Fr.Maximilian Kolbe 1939 In 1854 Pope Pius IX defined the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the apostolic constitution Ineffabilis Deus. This greatly helped the spread of devotions and consecrations to the Immaculata.Creeds of the churches: a reader in Christian doctrine by John H. Leith 1983 page 442-446Most, William G., "Mary's Immaculate Conception", Our Lady in Doctrine and Devotion, 1994 In the early part of the 20th century, Saint Maximilian Kolbe began his efforts to promote consecration to the Immaculata, partly relying on the 1858 messages of Our Lady of Lourdes. He argued that since Mary is Immaculate, by her very nature she is the perfect instrument of the Holy Spirit in the mediation of all graces, given that "every grace is a gift of the Father through his Son by the Holy Spirit".

ICAB holds that apostolic succession is maintained through the consecration of its bishops in an unbroken succession back to the Apostles. All ICAB bishops trace their apostolic succession back to Duarte Costa, a former bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. It is widely believed that ICAB's consecrations follow the Roman Catholic Tridentine rite in a vernacular version of the Pontifical, but this is not certain: ICAB's rites were altered on several occasions, and uniformity in practice has never been enforced anyway; furthermore, the Tridentine rite in an unauthorized vernacular form would no longer be considered the Tridentine rite according to Catholic theology.Jarvis, Edward, God, Land & Freedom: The True Story of ICAB, Apocryphile Press, Berkeley CA, 2018, pp 204-208 ICAB cites the unique case of Ferraz as evidence that its apostolic succession is valid, even by Roman Catholic standards.

Since 1988, Wigratzbad has also hosted the International Seminary of St. Peter, the first seminary of the Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter (F.S.S.P.). The Fraternity was founded in response to the Society of St. Pius X's illicit 1988 Ecône consecrations; several priests and seminarians of that Society wished to remain a traditional Catholic society and offer the Mass and other sacraments according to the Roman Rite as it existed before the liturgical reforms that followed the Second Vatican Council, but nonetheless remain in full communion with the Catholic Church. Bishop Josef Stimpfle of Augsburg announced that he would accept a canonical establishment for the F.S.S.P. in Wigratzbad as early as August 1988, and on November of that year, 31 seminarians began their studies there. The seminary was previously housed in the Wigratzbad's pilgrimage center, but a shortage of space necessitated a new building.

The church was neither the first to be built nor to be consecrated after the Reformation: between 1560 and 1830 most of the existing churches in England were converted and reconsecrated to Anglican worship, and several churches were built quite soon after the reformation, such as St George's Church, Esher, built in 1540, and Old St Leonard's Church, Langho, which was built in 1557; however, when consecrated in September 1620, the service, conducted by the Bishop of Winchester, formed the basis for future Church of England consecrations, so the church can lay claim to be the first to use the revised Church of England consecration service. Peartree House was built by 1617, then altered in the late eighteenth century. It was once home to General Shrapnel inventor of the Shrapnel shell. A boarding school was built next to Jesus Chapel in 1857.

It is now the vestment assigned to the celebrant, whether priest or bishop, for almost all functions except the Mass when the celebrant wears the chasuble instead. The cope is used, for example, in processions, in the greater blessings and consecrations, at the solemnly celebrated Liturgy of the Hours, in giving Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament, and the celebration of other sacraments outside of Mass. For most of these the celebrant may instead wear simply cassock and surplice or alb, both with the stole, for simpler celebrations. The chasuble, which is properly only worn for Mass, may also be worn during processions and other ceremonies that occur directly before or after Mass, such as the absolutions and burial of the dead, at the Asperges before Mass, and at the blessing and imposition of the ashes on Ash Wednesday, to avoid the need for the celebrant to change vestments.

Initially supportive of the Lefebvrist movement, they made a break with it in the aftermath of the Écône consecrations and the subsequent excommunications of archbishop Marcel Lefebvre and the consecrated bishops. On July 25, 1988 after a period of negotiations the monks were relieved of their sanctions and reconciled with the Holy See, while still being authorized to use the pre-concillar liturgy in accordance with the motu proprio Ecclesia Dei issued by Pope John Paul II the day after the excommunications. On June 18, 1989 the monastery was accorded canonical status and on July 2 it was elevated to the rank of Abbey, with Dom Gerard Calvet as its first Abbot. The Abbey was consecrated on October 2, 1989 by Cardinal Édouard Gagnon. On September 24, 1995, Cardinal Ratzinger, then prefect for the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, visited the monastery and celebrated Mass.

See also. They requested two preliminary "signs" before continuing negotiations: that the Holy See grant permission for all priests to celebrate the Tridentine Mass; and that its statement that the 1988 consecrations had resulted in excommunication for the clerics involved be declared void.On January 16, there was another meeting with Cardinal Castrillon, during which the Superior General exposed the necessity of having guaranties from Rome before going ahead in the details of eventual discussions or an agreement: That the Tridentine Mass be granted to all priests of the entire world; That the censures against the Bishops be declared null (Statement of Bishop Fellay to SSPX Members & Friends January 22 2001 ); We thus did require these two signs, first the withdrawal of the decree of excommunication and, secondly, the permission for all the priests of the Latin rite, without distinction, to celebrate the traditional Mass.

At that time he did not repeat at the altar the parts that were chanted by the ministers or choir, as became the custom in the period of the Tridentine Mass Thus Sacramentaries contain no Readings, Introits, Graduals, Communion Antiphons and the like, but only the Collects, the Eucharistic Prayer with its Prefaces, all that is strictly the priest's part at Mass. On the other hand, they provide for occasions other than Mass, with prayers for use at ordinations and at the consecration of a church and altar, and many exorcisms, blessings, and consecrations that were later inserted in the Roman Pontifical and the Roman Ritual. Many Sacramentaries now extant are more or less fragmentary, and do not contain all of these elements. Another name for the Sacramentary (in Latin Sacramentarium) was Liber Sacramentorum (Book of Sacraments), but "Sacrament" in this case means the Mass.

Williams English and the Norman Conquest p. 149 As bishop, he often assisted the archbishops of York with consecrations, as they had few suffragan bishops. In 1073 Wulfstan helped Thomas of Bayeux consecrate Radulf as Bishop of Orkney, and in 1081 helped consecrate William de St-Calais as Bishop of Durham. Wulfstan was responsible for the compilation by Hemming of the second cartulary of Worcester.Williams English and the Norman Conquest p. 145 He was close friends with Robert Losinga, the Bishop of Hereford, who was well known as a mathematician and astronomer. Wulfstan died 20 January 1095 after a protracted illness, the last surviving pre-Conquest bishop.William of Malmesbury, Saints' lives: Lives of SS. Wulfstan, Dunstan, Patrick, Benignus and Indract pp 141–143 After his death, an altar was dedicated to him in Great Malvern Priory, next to those of Thomas Cantilupe and King Edward the Confessor.

The East Syriac Diocese of Amid was a comparatively late foundation. The city of Amid (Diyarbakir) was predominantly an Armenian and Syriac Orthodox centre; there is little evidence for a presence of the Church of the East in the earlier period. Amid was part of the Church of the East Diocese of Maiperqat in 1257, when the bishop Yohannan 'of Maiperqat and Amid' was present at the consecration of the patriarch Makkikha II.Sliba, 120 (Arabic) Some years later the bishop Ishodnah of 'Maiperqat, Amid and Mardin' was present at the consecrations of the patriarchs Denha I in 1265 and Yahballaha III in 1281.Sliba, 121–2 and 124 (Arabic) The diocese of Maiperqat is attested as early as 1018, and given the prominence of Maiperqat in the titles of these two bishops, Amid and Mardin were probably administered by the East Syriac bishops of Maiperqat in the thirteenth century.

In late April 2006, Carey said in a televised interview that the ordination of Bishop Gene Robinson of New Hampshire, US in 2003 verged on heresy because Bishop Robinson is gay and lives in a long-term relationship. His association with Episcopalians Concerned agitated some, and his decision to confirm anti-gay dissidents who refused the ministry of the Bishop of Virginia puzzled the same people. Carey, who remembered the difficulties of the 13th Lambeth Conference that he had presided over in 1998, sought to avoid a major schism in the communion by refraining from further consecrations of gay people.ekklesia.co.uk: "Lord Carey says ordaining a gay bishop verges on heresy", 27 April 2006 In April 2010, Carey submitted a witness statement to an appeal court considering the dismissal of a relationship counsellor who had refused to work with homosexuals, in which he suggested that intervention by senior clerics, including himself, was "indicative of a future civil unrest".

Abbot Leodegar was the son of the baker Heinrich Bürgisser and of Anna Maria Wey. He received his education at the Jesuit College in Lucerne from 18 October 1651 and at the school in Saint Gall from 15 October 1653. He took his religious vows on 27 May 1657 and directly received the low consecrations; on 17 December 1661 he became subdeacon, on 19 May 1663 deacon, and on 20 September 1664 priest. In the following year (1665), he acted as a teacher of syntax. On 29 May of the same year, he became brother inspector. Between 1666 and 1672, Leodegar operated as kitchen master. In 1667, he is mentioned as pastor in Wildhaus; on 11 October 1672, he became pastor in St. Peterzell and in 1673, he is mentioned as pastor in Hemberg. On 26 September 1673, he became administrator in Ebringen. Abbot Gall appointed Leodegar subprior on 15 September 1681 and dean on 14 June 1683.

Rabban Hormizd, Alqosh There were three main concentrations of East Syriac villages in the ʿAmadiya region: in the Sapna valley to the west of ʿAmadiya, in the Tigris plain around Dohuk, and in the Shemkan district, around the valley of the Gomel river. Before the 14th century the apna valley was part of the diocese of Dasen and Beth Ture ('the mountains'), which lay to the north of Marga and also covered the Berwari region and the Zibar and Lower Tiyari districts. The villages in the Dohuk district were included in the East Syriac diocese of Beth Nuhadra, whose bishops resided in the small town of Tel Hesh near Alqosh, and those in the Gomel valley in the diocese of Marga, centred on the ʿAqra region. The last-known bishops of Beth Nuhadra and Dasen, Malkishoʿ and Mattai, were present at the consecrations of Denha I in 1265 and Yahballaha III in 1281 respectively, and it is unclear when either diocese came to an end.

The majority, after the rejection of the Apostles by the other churches, were cared for in separated congregations with ordained ministries. However, when the last apostle died in 1901 without an appearance of the 'Light of the World', the Catholic Apostolic Church declined; since ordination was only possible with Apostolic consent, no further consecrations to the ministry could be made. External evangelism, common since the beginning in 1835, ceased at the same time, and all services were reduced to a shorter form, even in congregations where the full Ministry was operating. Estimated membership at the beginning of the 20th century was 200,000, in almost 1000 congregations worldwide, spread as follows: England: 315, Scotland 28, Ireland: 6, Germany: 348, Netherlands: 17, Austria/Hungary: 8, Switzerland: 41, Norway: 10, Sweden: 15, Denmark: 59, Russia, Finland, Poland and the Baltic States: 18, France: 7, Belgium: 3, Italy: 2, US: 29, Canada: 13, Australia: 15, New Zealand: 5, South Africa: 1.

There is no common definition of the duties of priesthood between faiths; but generally it includes mediating the relationship between one's congregation, worshippers, and other members of the religious body, and its deity or deities, and administering religious rituals and rites. These often include blessing worshipers with prayers of joy at marriages, after a birth, and at consecrations, teaching the wisdom and dogma of the faith at any regular worship service, and mediating and easing the experience of grief and death at funerals – maintaining a spiritual connection to the afterlife in faiths where such a concept exists. Administering religious building grounds and office affairs and papers, including any religious library or collection of sacred texts, is also commonly a responsibility – for example, the modern term for clerical duties in a secular office refers originally to the duties of a cleric. The question of which religions have a "priest" depends on how the titles of leaders are used or translated into English.

Independent Catholics tend to share the view that, "whatever else we may disagree about, we all believe earnestly in apostolic succession!" Many in the Independent Catholic movement who say they possess valid lines of apostolic succession received them from lines derived from Roman Catholic Bishop Carlos Duarte Costa, Roman Catholic Archbishop Pierre Martin Ngo Dihn Thuc or Roman Catholic Archbishop Emmanuel Milingo, who are seen within the movement as having validly, even if illicitly, consecrated and ordained individuals outside the Roman Catholic Church. While making no explicit statement about the validity or invalidity of consecrations and ordinations carried out in the Independent Catholic movement, the Roman Catholic Church suspended Roman Catholic Archbishop Pierre Martin Ngo Dihn Thuc, who had purportedly excommunicated himself by his latae sententiae act of consecrating other bishops and ordaining priests whom the Roman Church will not recognize. English translation: Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, "Decree concerning certain unlawful priestly and episcopal ordinations", 17 September 1976.

197 The Holy See has not commented on the validity of this theory, but has declared with regard to ordinations of this kind carried out, for example, by Emmanuel Milingo, that the Church "does not recognize and does not intend to recognize in the future those ordinations or any of the ordinations derived from them and therefore the canonical state of the alleged bishops remains that in which they were before the ordination conferred by Mr Milingo".Acta Apostolicae Sedis CII (2010), p. 58 Other theologians, notably those of the Eastern Orthodox Church, dispute the notion that such ordinations have effect, a notion that opens up the possibility of valid but irregular consecrations proliferating outside the structures of the "official" denominations. A Catholic ordained to the episcopacy without a mandate from the Pope is automatically excommunicatedCode of Canon Law, canon 1382 and is thereby forbidden to celebrate the sacraments, according to canon law.

The Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX or FSSPX; ) is an international priestly fraternity founded in 1970 by Marcel Lefebvre, a traditionalist French Archbishop who later clashed with the Holy See over the society. The society is named after Pope Pius X, whose anti-Modernist stance the society stresses,Society of Saint Pius X, District of the USA: "Pascendi exposes Modernist tactics" is known for rejecting the indications of the Second Vatican Council in favor of their interpretation of Sacred Tradition, and retaining the Tridentine Mass and the pre-Vatican II ritual books in Latin for the other sacraments. The present Superior General of the society is Davide Pagliarani, succeeding Bishop Bernard Fellay. Tensions between the society and the Holy See reached their height in 1988, when Archbishop Lefebvre consecrated four bishops without the Apostolic Mandate and against a personal warning by Pope John Paul II, known as the Écône consecrations, resulting in Rome issuing a declaration of excommunication against the bishops who consecrated or were consecrated.

Caprara took this as sufficient evidence of repentance, provided that they publicly confess their errors in the presence of Bernier and Pancemont. They informed Caprara that the conditions had been met, and on 17 April Caprara instituted the ten bishops. Next day Bernier and Pancemont denied the truth of the repentance, but it was Easter Day and the day of reconciliation, and the day on which two episcopal consecrations were to take place. Caprara had been deceived and managed, and the Vatican subsequently strongly criticized his actions.Rinieri, I, p. 443. L. G. Wickham Legg, "The Concordats," in: The Concordat was officially approved by votes of the Tribunate and the Legislative Assembly on 8 April 1802. At the same time and in the same bodies, Napoleon had 121 articles, called the Organic Articles, approved as laws of the French State. These articles had not been approved by the Papacy, and had not even been shown in their entirety to the Legate Caprara, before their passage.

There were three main concentrations of East Syriac villages in the Amadiya region: in the Sapna valley to the west of Amadiya, in the Tigris plain around Dohuk, and in the Shemkan district, around the valley of the Gomel river. Before the fourteenth century the Sapna valley was part of the diocese of Dasen and Beth Ture ('the mountains'), which lay to the north of Marga and also covered the Berwari region and the Zibar and Lower Tiyari districts. The villages in the Dohuk district were included in the East Syriac diocese of Beth Nuhadra, whose bishops resided in the small town of Tel Hesh near Alqosh, and those in the Gomel valley in the diocese of Marga, centred on the Aqra region. The last-known bishops of Beth Nuhadra and Dasen, Ishoyahb and Mattai, were present at the consecrations of Makkikha II in 1257 and Yahballaha III in 1281 respectively, and it is unclear when either diocese came to an end.

In 1988 he was officially designated as the "Patriarch of ICAB", and in 1990 he was given the title of "Patriarch of ICAN (union of National Catholic Apostolic Churches)", which then became the WCCAC, the church's international communion, a position which he held until his death in 2009. Castillo Mendez with Eduardo Aguirre Oestmann, Bishop-Primate of ICERGUA It is sometimes said that Castillo Mendez used the Tridentine Pontifical in the vernacular for all episcopal consecrations, but this is disputed: under Castillo Mendez's leadership, and previously, ICAB's rites were often amended or reformed; furthermore, the Tridentine rite in an unauthorised vernacular form could no longer be considered the Tridentine rite.Jarvis, Edward, God, Land & Freedom: The True Story of ICAB, Apocryphile Press, Berkeley CA, 2018, pp 204-208 Like the Eastern Orthodox Church and other Christian churches, he denied papal infallibility and did not support obligatory priestly celibacy. Castillo Mendez acquired a Papal blessing by Pope John Paul II, such as may be requested by any individual for a donation.

According to The Westminster Dictionary of Christian Theology, The Anglican Communion "retained episcopacy, believing it to be not merely an administrative expedient of contingent historical origin but an essential part of the church as founded by Christ." Its claim to apostolic succession is rooted in the Church of England's evolution as part of the Western Church. When Henry VIII broke away from the jurisdiction of Rome in 1533/4, the English Church retained the episcopal polity and apostolic succession inherent in its Catholic past; however, Protestant theology gained a certain foothold and under his successor, Edward VI what had been an administrative schism became a Protestant reformation under the guiding hand of Thomas Cranmer. Although care was taken to maintain the unbroken sequence of episcopal consecrations, particularly in the case of Matthew Parker after Elizabeth I's coming to the throne, apostolic succession was not seen as a major concern: English Reformers such as Richard Hooker rejected the Catholic position that Apostolic Succession is divinely commanded or necessary for true Christian ministry.

What was not and could not be disputed was the actual fact of the unbroken historical succession by the laying on of hands by bishops who had been consecrated with the Roman Pontifical (sometimes referred to as "passing the baton") since two of the four consecrators, William Barlow and John Hodgkins, had valid orders in Rome's view due to their having been consecrated as bishops, in 1536 and 1537 respectively, with the Roman Pontifical in the Latin Rite.As such their consecrations met the criteria according tn the definition stated in Apostolicae Curae. John Scory and Miles Coverdale, the other two consecrators, were consecrated with the English Ordinal of 1550 on the same day in 1551 by Cranmer, Hodgkins and Ridley who were consecrated with the Latin Rite in 1532, 1537 and 1547 respectively - Project Canterbury, Supplementary Appendix A, Notes on the Consecration of Archbishop Parker, by Rev. Henry Barker, 2000; and the Register of the Diocese of Rochester on Ridley All four of Parker's consecrators were consecrated by bishops who themselves had been consecrated with the Roman Pontifical in the Church of England between 1533 and 1547, Cranmer in 1533 before the schism.