There are now calls for their demolition, even while they stand as pioneering structures in engineering, the first conoidal (cone-shaped) glass domes in the world.
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The height of the depressed conoidal shell attains 6.2 mm, its diameter 6.9 mm.
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The spire is conoidal. It contains about six convex whorls. The large body whorl is depressed-globose. The outer lip is simple.
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The apex is roseate. The base of the shell is light, and clouded with brown. The spiral is low-conoidal. The apex is acute.
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Its sides are slightly convex. The apex is subacute. The protoconch is conoidal, consisting of 3 convex spirally striate whorls. The whorls number 6 to 7.
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The white-glossy shell grows to a height of 6.9 mm. The small shell has a conoidal shape. The whorls are tumid. The base is flattened.
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The spire is depressed conoidal. Its outlines are convex, lower than the aperture. The yellowish- white protoconch consists of 2 convex smooth whorls. The 3½ convex whorls are rapidly increasing.
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The spiral riblets are rufous or pinkish brown. The spire is conoidal with an acute apex. The sides are slightly convex. The small protoconch is conic with about 2 whorls.
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The height of the shell attains 3.5 mm. The small, thin shell is narrowly umbilicate. The spire is globose-depressed, and conoidal. It is subtransparent, corneous or bluish white in color.
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The surface is very bright, shining, polished, and smooth except for fine subobsolete concentric lines around the umbilicus. The spire is conoidal. The apex is minute but obtuse. The suture is impressed.
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The size of the rotund-conoidal shell attains 6 mm. A neat little, rather solid species, with a very pale straw colour. The apex is obtuse. The shell contains five, ventricose whorls.
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The shell grows to a length of 6 mm. The narrowly umbilicate shell is depressed conoidal, and solid. This lusterless shell is whitish. The upper surface is spirally banded with dark brown.
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The size of the shell varies between 10 mm and 30 mm. The thin shell is conoidal, subdiaphanous and imperforate. Its color is, tawny golden-shining. The whorls are a little convex.
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The height of the shell attains 5 mm. The small, thin, white shell has a very depressedly conoidal shape. It is angulated, and tumid on the base. It has a small umbilicus.
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The length of the shell varies between 10 mm and 23 mm. The umbilicate, conoidal shell is olivaceous or yellowish. It is ornamented with obliquely longitudinal tawny stripes. The entire surface is smooth.
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The size of the shell varies between 37 mm and 60 mm. The thin, imperforate, yellowish shell has a conoidal shape. Its apex is acute. It is beautifully iridescent, the underlying nacre shining through.
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The shell grows to a length of 6 mm . The solid, conical shell is elevated, imperforate, and rather thick. Its color is dark bluish-black, or with a purple shade. The spire is conoidal.
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Seaweeds, corals, bivalves and gastropods. Rome, FAO. page 475. C. luhuanus is often mistaken for a cone snail, mainly because of the conoidal outline of its shell, which is relatively unusual among the Strombidae.
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The size of the shell varies between 15 mm and 30 mm. The thick, solid, umbilicate shell has a conical shape and has a blackish color. The spire is conoidal. The apex is rather blunt.
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The shell grows to a height of 14.1 mm. The thin, imperforate shell has a depressed-conoidal shape. It is shining, of a light olivaceous tint or somewhat tinged with pink. Its surface is smooth.
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The height of the shell attains 4 mm, its diameter 8 mm. The shell is deeply umbilicated. suborbicular and slightly conoidal. Its color is brown, variegated with rosy, painted with white lines articulated with black.
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The length of the shell reaches 11 mm. The shell has a depressedly conoidal shape. It is sharply keeled, with a flat base and large umbilicus. It is nacreous under a thin, transparent, yellowish-white layer.
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The acute spire is conoidal. The sutures are slightly impressed. The shell contains about 42 rapidly widening whorls. The large body whorl is rounded at the periphery and a little impressed or margined below the suture.
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Kockelellidae is an extinct conodont family.Family Kockelellidae. G Klapper and DL Clark, Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, Part W: Miscellanea : Conodonts : Conoidal Shells of Uncertain Affinities, Worms, Trace Fossils, and Problema, 1981 Genera are Ctenognathodus and Kockelella.
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Tegula rugosa shells. The height of the shell attains 26 mm, its diameter 27 mm. Some are larger with a height of 50 mm. The solid, heavy shell is narrowly umbilicate and has a conoidal shape.
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The size of the shell varies between 6 mm and 9 mm. The umbilicate shell has an orbiculate-conoidal shape. It is gray with almost round spots. It is sulcatei in a crosswise direction and longitudinally substriate.
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The size of the shell varies between 18 mm and 30 mm. The narrowly perforated shell has a conoidal shape. It is whitish-ashen, ornamented with undulating, oblique, radiating chestnut or blackish stripes. The spire is acute.
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Stanford University Press: Stanford, CA. The spire is low-conoidal. The minute apex is subacute, and spirally striate ; when perfect, the apical whorls are variegated. The 6 whorls widen rapidly. They are nearly plane and sloping above.
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The rather solid, umbilical shell has an orbiculate-conoidal shape. and is radially painted in brown. The convex whorls are transversally crossed by cinguli of equal size and minutely crenulate. They are ornate with longitudinally striated interstices.
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The height of the shell attains 35 mm, its diameter 44 mm. The solid, heavy shell is depressed, broadly umbilicate, and has a conoidal shape. It is black or purplish. The spire is more or less depressed.
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The white, solid, semi-opaque shell has an orbiculate-conoidal shape. The whorls are almost conical and the base is convex containing a large callus. The whorls are obsoletely transversely striated. The round aperture has a continuous peristome.
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Its 5 to 6 whorls are convex and rough, and usually indented a short distance below the suture. The spire is conoidal. The apex is usually blunt, eroded and yellow. The body whorl is rounded at the periphery.
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The spire is short, conoidal to conical. The apex is rounded or acute. The protoconch consists of two spirally striate and lightly pearly whorls, sometimes reddish. The 4 to 5 whorls are slightly convex and rapidly increase in size.
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The height of the shell attains 3½ mm, its diameter also 3½ mm. The shell has a globose- conoidal shape and is profoundly umbilicated. It contains 4½ convex whorls with a short and obtuse spire. It is spirally lirated.
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The size of the shell varies between 3. mm and 11 mm. The umbilicate, thin shell has a depressed- conoidal shape. It is flesh-colored, with paler at periphery and below the suture, fading into corneous around the umbilicus.
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The height of the shell attains 5.5 mm. The small, very minutely perforate, thick shell has a conoidal shape. It is, ashen reddish. The five whorls are separated by canaliculate sutures, convex, the embryonic ones smooth, the rest roughened.
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The size of the shell varies between 12 mm and 25 mm. The heavy, solid shell has a depressed shape. Its spire is low-conoidal, the periphery rounded. The color pattern is whitish or light yellow, closely tessellated all .
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The height of the shell attains 2.5 mm, its diameter 4 mm. The rather small, nacreous shell is wider than high. The surface appears perfectly smooth and glazed with traces of brown wavy lines. The depressed spire has a conoidal shape.
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The whitish-pearly, thin shell is broadly umbilicated. It has a conoidal shape. The 5½ convex whorls are separated by a gradate suture. They are ornamented with oblique, dense regular radiating costellae, and two spiral lirae on the lower part.
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The height of the shell attains 19 mm, its diameter 18 mm. The imperforate, rather thin shell has a conoidal shape. Its apex is subacute . The 5½ whorls are moderately convex, nearly smooth, the upper ones eroded, spirally striate and yellow.
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The height of the shell attains 20 mm, its diameter 25 mm. The imperforate shell is depressed and has an orbiculate-conoidal shape. The six whorls are separated by impressed sutures. The whorls are slightly convex, greenish-black and shining.
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The height of the shell varies between 27 mm and 40 mm, its diameter between 35 mm and 41 mm. The rather depressed conoidal shell is imperforate. Its color is lusterless purplish-black. The conical spire has an eroded yellowish apex.
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Two Civil War cylindro-conoidal bullets The cylindro-conoidal bullet was invented by Captain John Norton of the British 34th Regiment in 1832. It had a hollow base, so that, when fired, the bullet would expand and seal the bore. The origin of his idea is an interesting one: when in southern India, he examined the blow pipe arrows used by the natives and found that their base was formed of elastic locus pith, which by its expansion against the inner surface of the blow pipe prevented the escape of air past it.Of Arms and Men By Robert L. O'Connell p.
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The length of the shell reaches 7.5 mm, its diameter 3 mm. (Original description)The small shell has a narrow and slender shape. The rather long spire shows a conical shape. The protoconch is polygyrous, conoidal, with convex whorls and a pointed apex.
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The size of an adult shell varies between 15 mm and 35 mm. The umbilicate shell has a conoidal shape. The color is isabella-yellow. It is sculptured with very fine subgranose lirae, about 11 on penultimate whorl, 40 on the body whorl.
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The height of the shell attains 5 mm, its diameter 5 mm. The umbilicated, very fragile shell has a conoidal shape. The 5½ whorls are angular and flat above. The first 3 whorls are smooth, the remainder minutely cingulate, granose, and obliquely striate.
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The size of the shell varies between 5 mm and 26 mm. The imperforate shell has an elevated-conoidal shape. The nearly plane whorls are imbricated and angulated below. They are longitudinally nodose- costate, and ornamented with transverse girdles of subdistant tubercles.
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The height of the shell attains 2½ mm, its diameter 2 mm. The very small shell is profoundly umbilicated, and has a conoidal shape. The 5 to 6 whorls are separated by impressed sutures. They are rather convex, planulate at the sutures and subgradate.
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The globose-conoidal shell grows to a height of 3.5 mm. The conical spire has 3½ whorls that are a little convex. They are cancellated with radiating, subdistant lamellae, and show elevated transverse lines in the interstices. The lamellae are flexuous on the base.
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The size of an adult shell varies between 7 mm and 11 mm. The broadly umbilicate shell is depressed and has a low-conoidal spire. It is thin, scarcely shining, and opaque whitish. The upper surface shows radiating maculations of purplish or olive-brown.
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The naturalist Alcide d'Orbigny named the gastropod after Ferdinand de Candé. The size of an adult shell varies between 10 mm and 20 mm. The conoidal shell is olive-yellowish with purplish spots on the top. The shell is elevated and longitudinally unequally striate.
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The size of the shell varies between 17 mm and 23 mm. The rather thin shell has an orbicular shape. The short spire is conoidal. Its color is grayish or pinkish, with narrow reddish- brown irregular longitudinal stripes, often broken into dots on the spirals.
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The thin, subdiaphanous, imperforate shell has a conoidal shape. The whorls display transverse series of granules, the last rounded on the periphery. The thick columella is spirally twisted posteriorly, ending anteriorly in an obtuse, prominent point. The thin outer lip is simple and acute.
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The height of the shell varies between 15 mm and 50 mm. The solid, conoidal shell is imperforate. It is yellowish or light fawn-colored, unicolored or dotted on the spirals with dark brown. The granules are often white by rubbing of the cuticle.
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The shell is imperforate, globosely conoidal, white, under a brownish-yellow epidermis. The incremental striae are regular, stronger on the spire than on the body whorl. The number of whorls is 8. The shell has a narrow, aperture with a deep-seated strong basal lamella.
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The length of the shell is between 12 mm and 24 mm and is 16 mm to 19 mm wide. The conoidal shell is imperforate or narrowly perforate. It is very thick and solid, cinereous. The color of the shell is yellowish or green.
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Shell up to 32 mm in length, acuminate and slender. Color white, semitransparent at apex and porcelaneous near body. Spire sides are straight while whorl sides are slightly convex, and sutures are simple and prominent. Protoconch has 2.5 to 3 glassy and conoidal whorls.
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The solid, conoidal shell has an acuminate spire. The base is obliquely produced. Its color is tawny-red variegated, ornamented by transverse cinguli articulated with chestnut. The whorls are somewhat convex, with a strong nodulose cingulus at the periphery, and beaded lirulae alternating with elevated lines.
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The height of the shell varies between 19 mm and 22 mm, its diameter between 15 mm and 18 mm. The heavy and solid, elevated shell is minutely perforate and has a conoidal shape. Its color is black or purplish. The 5 to 6 whorls are slightly convex.
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The size of the shell varies between 7 mm and 10 mm. The imperforate, solid, light brown shell has a conoidal shape with a rounded body whorl and base. Its elevated spire contains 6–7 convex whorls, separated by deep sutures. The first whorl is planorboid and smooth.
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The shell of this species is left-handed (sinistral). The shell is depressed, rather thin, obliquely striated and decussated with fine spiral lines above, smooth beneath. The shell color is white or whitish with three spiral chestnut bands. The spire is low and conoidal, with 5 slightly convex whorls.
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The large nuclei are about double the size of the small nuclei at about 2-4 µm diameter. Pyriform, spindle shaped or ovoid merozoites with large nuclei differentiate into spheroidal gamonts. The gamonts associate in head to head syzygy with the conoidal complexes juxtaposed. The gametocytes are hemispherical.
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The size of a shell varies between 17 mm and 32 mm. The thin, globose shell is obliquely conoidal. It is fawn colored, with a series of short markings at the periphery alternately reddish and white. It has narrow girdles on the spirals of fine arrow-shaped articulations.
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The length of the shell varies between 4 mm and 8 mm. The small, rather thin, imperforate shell has a globosely conoidal shape. Its sculpture consists of distant rounded spiral cinguli, 5 on the penultimate, 13 on the body whorl with smooth interstices. Its colour is white or cinereous.
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The size of the shell varies between 6 mm and 35 mm. The thick, conoidal shell is imperforate in adult specimens. Its color is dull ashen, dotted with brown, rosy, and black. The 5½-6 convex whorls are separated by profound sutures, the first one eroded, the rest rough.
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The base of the shell shows under a lens very fine, close, regular spiral striae. Well-preserved specimens show red and emerald-green reflections through the thin layer overlying the nacre, like fiery opals. The low spire has a conoidal shape. The sutures are linear and not impressed.
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It is dull cinereous, more or less variegated by brown, blackish or red streaks. The spire is conoidal, generally eroded and white or yellow at the apex. The about 5 whorls are obliquely striate, radiately coarsely and irregularly plicate and rugose above, sometimes nearly smooth. The periphery is rounded.
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The height of the shell attains 5.2 mm, its diameter 5.6 mm. The solid shell has a depressed conoidal shape. It has a false umbilicus. The small protoconch contains 1½ flattened turns, smooth at the origin, and gradually developing four spiral lirae which become granulose cinguli on the adult whorls.
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The size of an adult shell varies between 25 mm and 43 mm. The more or less elevated, imperforate shell has a conoidal shape. It is lusterless blackish or purplish, unicolored or with a few scattered white dots, or yellowish flexiious lines. The yellow or whitish, apical whorls are eroded.
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The height of the shell attains 12 mm. The umbilicate shell has a conoidal shape. It is isabella-colored and sculptured with very fine spiral lirae, about 11 on the penultimate whorl, 40 on the last whorl. They are on the upper whorls distinctly granulose, on the last almost entirely smooth.
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The buds of the flowers have a pointed apex and are ovoid to conoidal. Also, petals that are unopened are twisted. The diameter of the flowers is 5–7 mm and they are 5-parted. Some of the petals are 3–5 mm in long and do not have hair.
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191 In 1836, Mr. W. Greener, a London gunsmith, improved on Norton's bullet by inserting a conoidal wooden plug into its base. Although both inventions were rejected by the British Ordnance Department, the idea was taken up in France, and in 1849 Claude-Étienne Minié adopted Greener's design and produced the "Minié ball".
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The size of the shell varies between 13 mm and 25 mm. The very strong and solid shell has a depressed conoidal shape with a rounded periphery and a profoundly umbilicate axis. It is densely granulate. The overall coloration of the whorls and the spire is dark strawberry red or coral red.
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The height of the shell attains 14 mm, its diameter mm. The umbilicate shell has a conoidal shape. It is granulate-cingulate with the cinguli unequally elevated. The smaller ones are interpolated, numbering 5 to 6 between suture and the periphery, 7 to 8 on the base of the body whorl obtusely angulated.
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The compact shell of species in this genus has an orbicular-conoidal shape and is porcellanous and polished. The subquadrate aperture is longer than wide, The inner lip is straight, forming an angle with the outer lip. The umbilicus is open (not covered by a callous deposit) and perspective. The margin is crenulated.
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The height of the shell attains 2 mm, its diameter 3 mm. The very fragile, umbilicate shell has a subdiscoidal shape and is delphinuliform. The depressed spire is conoidal and obtuse. The five whorls are spirally finely striate, in the middle slightly angled or subcarinate, and flattened between the carina and the suture.
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Circothecidae are a family of Cambrian problematica, sometimes attributed to the Hyolitha,Brasier, M. D. (1986). The succession of small shelly fossils (especially conoidal microfossils) from English Precambrian–Cambrian boundary beds. Geological Magazine, 123(3), 237–256. doi:10.1017/S0016756800034737 though some authors suggest (on the basis of no specified evidence) that they're definitely not.
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The Chassepot used a paper cartridge, that many refer to as being 'combustible', whereas in reality it was quite the opposite. It held an 11mm (.43 inch) round-headed cylindro-conoidal lead bullet that was wax paper patched. An inverted standard percussion cap was at the rear of the paper cartridge and hidden inside.
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Shell depressed conoidal, oval-oblong, the sides straightened, subparallel, thin, semitransparent, horn-colour, with a blackish-green coating. Apex a little inclined to the right, situated at the posterior sixth of the length, flatly convex anteriorly; concentric lines of growth at regular intervals. Interior light brown, shining. Aperture is elongated oval, slightly broadened anteriorly.
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The height of the shell attains 12 mm, its diameter 19 mm. The strong and solid shell has a depressed shape with a low-conoidal spire. The upper and lower surfaces are nearly equally convex. The color pattern is whitish or pinkish, with numerous, close, oblique, zigzag, radiating purplish-brown lines extending to the purple or crimson basal callus.
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The height of the shell attains 6½ mm, its diameter 6 mm. The solid, perforate shell has a conoidal shape. The 6½ whorls are angulate, excavated above, ornamented with granose cinguli with square red spots, and minutely longitudinally striate. The cinguli number 5 on penultimate whorl, 6 on the body whorl, which is angulate at its base.
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The height of the shell attains 12 mm, its diameter 10½ mm. The narrowly umbilicate shell has a conical shape. Its color is maroon or deep brown, with longitudinal undulating flames of white, continuous or interrupted into spots on the base. The elevated spire is conoidal and contains 6 to 7convex whorls, traversed by numerous spiral striae.
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The spire is conoidal with scarcely convex outlines. The about 6 whorls are somewhat convex and separated by well impressed sutures. The body whorl is large and deflected anteriorly. It bears 18 or 19 crowded, closely granose cinguli, of which the 1st, 3d, 5th, 7th, 9th and two upon the base are composed of alternate black and white granules.
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The size of the shell varies between 9 mm and 22 mm. The shell is broadly umbilicated and the spire has a depressed conoidal shape. It is sculptured with very fine, hardly visible spiral striae and is otherwise smooth. It is very shining, ashen-whitish, painted with light yellowish to light brown confluent flammules above and at the umbilicus.
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The size of the shell varies between 13 mm and 20 mm. The depressed, umbilicate shell has a conoidal shape. It is carinate at its periphery. Its color is whitish or yellowish, maculated with brown, generally with a series of blotches at the periphery and beneath the suture, the intervening space unicolored or more or less tessellated.
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The height of the shell attains 14 mm, its diameter 16 mm. The solid, umbilicate shell has a conoidal shape. It is lusterless, white with a series of red spots below the sutures, another beneath the periphery, and more or less closely red-dotted over the whole shell. The acute spire is conical, acute, somewhat scalariform.
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The height of the shell attains 6½ mm, its diameter 7 mm. The small, narrowly perforated shell has a conoidal shape with five whorls. The first is whitish-rosy, the following white, with reddish flammules and spots of green and bluish, especially at the ridges. The surface of the whorls is marked with very fine spiral and vertical striae, and 2 elevated carinae.
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The base is largely white, with a dark streak encircling the callus. The low spire is conoidal and contains seven plane whorls. The body whorl is often somewhat concave above, rounded at the circumference, and slightly convex beneath. The shining surface is smooth, with a few (usually 4) narrow spiral impressed lines just above the periphery, which are obsolete in the adult.
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The length of the shell varies between 15 mm and 25 mm. The imperforate shell has a conoidal shape with a flat base and contains about five whorls. The three upper whorls are three eroded and nearly covered by incrustations, but apparently rather smooth. The penultimate whorl shows oblique wrinkles, crossed by 3 or 4 spiral rows of square granules.
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The small, imperforate, thin, fragile shell has a globosely conoidal shape. Its sculpture consists of very finely spirally striated, with 30 striations on the penultimate whorl and obscured on the body whorl by growth lines. The colour is variable and typical. The 2 apical whorls are white or pinkish-white, on the third whorl 2 purplish bands equidistant from the sutures arise.
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The resulting merozoites spread the infection in the body fat, followed by macronuclear merogony. The macronuclear merozoites differentiate into gamonts. The micronuclei are smaller than the macronuclei by a factor of about 2-3 with the microgametes 1-2 μm in diameter and the macrogametes being 2-4 μm. Pairs of gamonts associate as two hemispherical gametocytes with the conoidal complexes of each juxtaposed.
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The size of the shell varies between 10 mm and 20 mm. The solid shell is depressed with a very low, conoidal spire. Its color pattern is yellow, pinkish or whitish, closely tessellated with purple-brown or bluish slate-color, the basal callus purplish flesh-colored. Its surface is shining, polished, with spiral sulci above, generally 3–5 in number on the body whorl, often subobsolete.
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A typical shell has a height of 10 mm and a diameter of 15 mm. The imperforate shell has a low-conoidal shape above, but is convex beneath. It is glossy and smooth except for fine growth lines and almost obsolete spirals. Its color is white, copiously marbled with purple-brown and pinkish above, with some opaque white spots, and a few indistinct articulated spiral lines.
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The sculpture consists of 5 prominent spiral riblets, the first just above the periphery. There is a low and indistinct spiral riblet on the body whorl outside the suture, and sometimes a fine riblet bordering the funnel-shaped umbilicus. The radiate sculpture is formed by distinct threads, which are equidistant and slightly directed backward, with their interstices wider than the threads. The spire is depressed conoidal.
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Unlike in other cultures, Adena pottery was not buried with the dead or the remains of the cremated, as were other artifacts. Usually Adena pottery was tempered with grit or crushed limestone and was very thick; its decoration was largely plain, cord-marked or fabric marked, although one type bore a nested-diamond design incised into its surface. The vessel shapes were sub-conoidal or flat-bottomed jars, sometimes with small foot-like supports.
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The small, globose-conoidal shell measures 7½ mm. It is narrowly perforate, shining, solid, smooth, except for a few stride around the white umbilicus. Its color is pink, orange, purplish or olive-brown, generally with a series of white blotches alternating with self-colored darker ones below the sutures, a girdle of white blotches around the periphery and often around the umbilicus. The intervening spaces are irregularly strigate with darker zigzag streaks or unicolored.
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The roof of the sports hall consists of eight conoidal 2½-inch thick sprayed concrete shells springing from long pre-stressed valley beams. On the south elevation, the roof is supported on raking pre-cast columns and reversed shells form a cantilevered canopy. Also completed in 1966 was the Mining and Minerals Engineering and Physical Metallurgy Departments, which was designed by Philip Dowson of Arup Associates. This complex consisted of four similar three-storey blocks linked at the corners.
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The whaleback was designed by Captain Alexander McDougall to carry cargoes of iron ore or grain economically around the Great Lakes. A pair of coal-fired Scotch boiler engines provided steam for the three-cylinder, triple expansion steam engine which drove a single screw propeller. The hull was built of heavy steel plates double-riveted to steel angle frames. The bow and stern were of a conoidal shape, with the center part of the hull being roughly cigar-shaped.
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Some manufacturers also have recently introduced the more cylindro-conoidal-shaped "slug" pellets for the more powerful modern PCP air rifles. Compared to the commonly used diabolo pellets, these slug pellets resemble Minié balls and have more contact surface with the bore and hence need greater propelling force to overcome friction, but have better aerodynamics, ballistic coefficient, and longer effective ranges due to the more similar shape to firearm bullets, however they also require a fully rifled barrel for spin stabilization in flight.
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The mid 19th century saw a revolution in artillery, with the introduction of the first practical rifled breech loading weapons. The new methods resulted in the reshaping of the spherical shell into its modern recognizable cylindro-conoidal form. This shape greatly improved the in-flight stability of the projectile and meant that the primitive time fuzes could be replaced with the percussion fuze situated in the nose of the shell. The new shape also meant that further, armor-piercing designs could be used.
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The small, conoidal shell has a tumid conical base. It is bluntly bicarinate and umbilicate with a resinous luster. Its sculpture shows very many irregular oblique faint lines of growth, with a few remote rounded spirals, which are very weak above, stronger on the base, and of which two at the periphery form a feeble double carina. The color of the shell is: a pale transparent resinous brown, flecked below the sutures and, at the periphery with alternate spots of white and crimson.
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The shell of T. gallina is typically high and wide, though it may be slightly higher than wide. The imperforate, heavy, solid, thick shell has a conoidal shape and is elevated. Its colors show alternating whitish and purplish-grey or blackish crowded, slanting axial stripes, speckled with whitish. The stripes occupy the interstices between close, narrow superficial folds of the surface, which may be well-marked, or obsolete, continuous or cut into granules by equally close spiral furrows, the latter sometimes predominating.
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Red form The size of the shell varies between 12 mm and 17 mm. The umbilicate, thin shell has a depressed- conoidal shape. It is sharply transversely lirate with narrow, elevated, sharp lirae, of which three are stronger, alternating with two or three smaller ones; about 12 similar ones are on the base; all of them are crossed and made subgranose by closely crowded growth lines. Its surface is white, painted with scattered red dots and a few larger red spots.
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Pottery was widely manufactured and sometimes traded, particularly in the Eastern Interior region. Clay for pottery was typically tempered (mixed with non-clay additives) with grit (crushed rock) or limestone. Pots were usually made in a conoidal or conical jar with rounded shoulders, slightly constricted necks, and flaring rims. Pottery was most often decorated with a variety of linear or paddle stamps that created "dentate" (tooth-like) impressions, wavy line impressions, checked surfaces, or fabric-impressed surfaces, but some pots were incised with geometric patterns or, more rarely, with pictorial imagery such as faces.
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Their design was made to allow rapid muzzle loading of rifles, an innovation that brought about the widespread use of the rifle rather than the smoothbore musket as a mass battlefield weapon. Delvigne had invented a ball that could expand upon ramming to fit the grooves of a rifle in 1826. The design of the ball had been proposed in 1832 as the cylindro-conoidal bullet by Captain John Norton, but had not been adopted. Captain James H. Burton, an armorer at the Harpers Ferry Armory, developed an improvement on Minié's design when he added a deep cavity at the base of the ball, which filled up with gas and expanded the bullet's rim upon firing.
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A collection of spring-piston air rifles Break-barrel air rifles An air gun, or airgun, is a gun that shoots projectiles pneumatically with compressed air or other gases that are mechanically pressurized without involving any chemical reactions, in contrast to a firearm, which pressurizes gases chemically via oxidation of combustible propellants that generates propulsive energy by breaking molecular bonds. Both the "long gun" (air rifle) and "handgun" (air pistol) forms typically propel metallic projectiles that are either diabolo-shaped pellets or spherical shots called BBs, although in recent years Minié ball-shaped cylindro-conoidal projectiles called slugs are gaining more popularity. Certain types of air guns (usually air rifles) may also launch fin-stabilized projectile such as darts (e.g. tranquilizer guns) or arrows (so-called "airbows").
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Non-lethal munitions, notably smoke, can also be used to suppress or neutralize the enemy by obscuring their view. Fire may be directed by an artillery observer or another observer, including manned and unmanned aircraft pilots, or called onto map coordinates. Military doctrine has played a significant influence on the core engineering design considerations of artillery ordnance through its history, in seeking to achieve a balance between the delivered volume of fire with ordinance mobility. However, during the modern period, the consideration of protecting the gunners also arose due to the late-19th-century introduction of the new generation of infantry weapons using conoidal bullet, better known as the Minié ball, with a range almost as long as that of field artillery.
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