We have opened our lists to Italy's skills and competences.
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Such competences often concern tangible issues and can attract much negative media attention.
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Then we would bring together and be able to use the competences of both.
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They will also be given new competences to monitor environmental and social risks in investments.
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"We really have strengthened the competences of the staff in the transfusion center," Dr. Haba said.
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Power was shifting as the resources and competences that come with literacy spread through the population.
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Yet responsibility for overseeing its sprawling financial sector is divided between departments whose competences overlap and conflict.
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President Trump is acting in accordance with his competences and in accordance with his law and Constitution.
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"Satellite is a key pillar, it requires high-technology competences that you can find in Luxembourg," Biewer said.
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Fitch meets with NPL portfolio servicers to understand their track record, operational and IT competences and management experience.
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However, first of all, all this will be cancelled out and Russia will soon acquire the same competences.
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Words and other memes gave humans powerful new competences—for communication, explicit representation, reflection, self-interrogation and self-monitoring.
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"Amazon has the right competencies—substantial competences include logistics, large scale, loyal customer base, and technology infrastructure," Mahaney said.
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" She added: "I think a part of what attracted Bob to me was competences I had within myself, but it was as if once I was within his purview, those competences were only to be used for his needs, in the space where we lived, and not as though they were my own.
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States have so far ignored European Central Bank calls to create such a body, fearing the loss of national competences.
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The OVP wants a slimmer EU that focuses on its "core competences" such as trade and securing its external borders.
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Aides to Davutoglu have so far largely dismissed tensions, arising often from overlapping competences, as matters of style rather than substance.
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"We are convinced that this combination of expert competences will lead to other fascinating results in our archaeological project," Loprieno-Gnirs said.
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It touches on one of the most "national" of competences—who lives in a country and bears its passport—yet has Union-wide consequences.
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The current system, where a "super-regulator" (the Competition and Markets Authority) shares competences with sectoral regulators (such as Ofgem and Ofwat), creates confusion.
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We therefore attribute such strong margins to the selected in-house competences, avoiding costly product innovations and commoditised, or economically less attractive, manufacturing processes.
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They can also bid on open shifts, matching their skills, competences and seniority level, and see their expected and actual salary for the month.
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" "We need personalities with competences, who share these ambitions, who have the credibility to do it, and I'll support the strongest personalities in that respect.
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It's going to be tough to get into the digital world and over-the-top (Internet), given his perception of what his core competences are.
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Justice Minister Tudorel Toader praised the ruling saying Iohannis did not have "the legal ability to evaluate the professional and management competences of high-ranking prosecutors."
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On the other hand, it means that competences must be handed back to local authorities when there are no clear benefits to implementing them at the European level.
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"The opportunity to use data in meaningful and new ways means that we need new and different types of skills and competences to drive agriculture technology forward," said Harper.
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Some economists argue that the current system, where a "super-regulator" (the Competition and Markets Authority) shares competences with the sectoral regulators (such as Ofgem and Ofwat), creates confusion.
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Because I really envy the way it works here, where a lot of businesses will go into the marketplace, they would find capital, and they would find new competences.
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Bill Gates also advocates for young workers to learn to code, and various computing competences routinely top lists of the most-valued skills from careers sites like Payscale and LinkedIn.
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The last part, it holds a number of different benefits, not only do you get skills, but you also get new competences in a much more diverse, multilingual, multicultural environment.
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"We want to buy companies with existing cash flows that are within our existing competences and relatively close to our home markets in Europe," CEO Pekka Lundmark said in an interview.
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"You have a president and a prime minister who both have corporate backgrounds, and who want to ensure that people are appointed on the basis of their competences," said a Macron adviser.
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This time, however, 73-year-old Sorrell wants to keep S4 digital-only and build on core competences in content and programmatic advertising, which involves automated distribution of ads across the internet.
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It's conceivable, too, that the core competences of the organization lie in the best-paid people and that the less well paid would be easier to replace if and when funds return.
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The transformation of the bailout fund into a European Monetary Fund (EMF) is also widely supported among euro zone countries, although the exact competences of a future EMF are yet to be determined.
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If a treaty encroaches on areas beyond Brussels' remit and into "national competences" — investment rules, for example — it will also need ratification by lawmakers in all 27 EU states, a potential stumbling block.
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The Visegrad Group of four central European countries - Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia - demanded that the powers of the EU executive be reined in and more competences be returned to capitals.
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The coalition agreement commits Austria to the EU and the euro, and Sebastian Kurz, the incoming chancellor, will take over European competences that used to sit in the foreign ministry (as did he).
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But there will be no reference to a multi-speed Europe, a senior EU official said, as that could upset east European countries who are less willing to cede national competences to Brussels.
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Twitter's highly public space means users open themselves to some of the same codes of intimacy as conventional relationships, which involves disclosure about highly personal aspects of identities, daily lives, competences and desires.
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Under the reform, EU supervisors will have more powers to tackle the misselling of toxic financial products to investors, and will acquire direct monitoring competences over some markets operators, such as critical benchmarks.
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If a treaty encroaches on areas beyond Brussels' remit and into "national competences" — investment rules, for example — it will also need ratification by lawmakers in all 27 EU states, a potential stumbling block.
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" Margaritis Schinas, the chief spokesman for the European Commission, the executive arm of the bloc, said in a statement that the ruling affirmed "the division of competences between the E.U. and the member states.
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"Such statements go beyond the competences of the EC, which is not entitled to assess the independence and legal legitimacy of constitutional courts of EU Member States," Deputy Foreign Minister Pawel Jablonski told Reuters.
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The end game here is to not care about differences among groups, to treat individuals as individuals, and to realize that, yes, people have different sets of gifts and competences and we can change them.
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It had already been dealt a blow by Germany's constitutional court, which, in a suit with 190,000 plaintiffs, this month ruled that it must not cut across areas under national (as opposed to EU-level) "competences".
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Sharpston said issues such as trade in goods and services, foreign direct investment and government procurement were exclusive EU competences, but trade in air or maritime transport and provisions on labor and environmental standards were not.
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The new entity "will bundle these activities, organize them even more efficiently, strengthen in-house competences in specific areas, and drive forward the transition to electric cars throughout the group," the carmaker said in its statement.
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"The European Commission welcomes today's opinion of the European Court of Justice on the division of competences between the EU and the member states in the EU-Singapore trade agreement," the Commission said in a statement.
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In a statement, leaders will ask the Commission "to examine the need and ways to screen investments from third countries in strategic sectors, while fully respecting members states' competences," a reference to national sovereignty on the issue.
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But Mr. Parmelin "is not the first or the last of the federal councilors who was made fun of for his deficient language competences," said Daniel Kubler, a professor of political science at the University of Zurich.
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"I rule out full independence but not necessarily more autonomy, even if they are now already one of the regions with the highest powers and competences not only in Spain but in the world at large," he said.
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"The capacities and competences of Madame Lagarde totally qualifies her to preside the European Central Bank," he said, adding that her experience at the International Monetary Fund during the financial crisis gives her credibility to face the markets.
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Kurz, who wants a slimmer EU that focuses on core competences, said there was a difference between a bloc that created new posts for officials, who introduce new regulations, or "whether you hire officials who fight human traffickers".
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In other cases, Euro-English is just a naive but incorrect extension of English grammatical rules: many nouns in English that don't properly pluralise with a final "s" are merrily used in Euro-English, such as "informations" and "competences".
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Leonardo, which supplies combat systems and other equipment for military ships, is expected to take part in the alliance, but its role has been repeatedly questioned as its competences overlap with France's Thales, which owns 35 percent of Naval Group.
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"Significant reasons indicate that the ECB decisions governing the asset purchase programme violate the prohibition of monetary financing and exceed the monetary policy mandate of the European Central Bank, thus encroaching upon the competences of the Member States," the court said.
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"We will press on with M&A but we want to avoid transformational deals, acquiring competences focused on our core business," said chairman and co-CEO Mario Rizzante, whose family holding company Alika owns just over 45 percent of the company.
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Such disputes have often ended up at the European Court of Justice, generating some of the case law underpinning fundamental EU principles like non-discrimination between member states, the primacy of European law and clear dividing lines between EU and national competences.
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The significant budget that some of the very-well-funded Southeast Asia unicorns are putting into their 'AI-based apps' or 'AI platform' is unlikely to make a real difference for the consumers, for lack of deep AI competences in the region.
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"The euro area is more resilient now than in years past … I believe the ESM should now progressively graduate into a European Monetary Fund which, however, must be firmly anchored in the European Union's rules and competences," Jean-Claude Juncker, European Commission president, told lawmakers in September.
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"The FDPIC stated in its letter that as it had not received any indication on what personal data may be processed, the Libra Association should inform it of the current status of the project so that the FDPIC could assess the extent to which its advisory competences and supervisory powers would apply," the watchdog said.
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It's also unhappy about the recent adoption of the Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act (aka the Cloud Act), writing that this "expands the abilities of American and foreign law enforcement to target and access people's data across international borders without making use of the mutual legal assistance (MLAT) instruments, which provide for appropriate safeguards and respect the judicial competences of the countries where the information is located".
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Competences are the combination of a business’ knowledge, skills and technology that can give them the edge versus the competition. Conducting such an analysis involves identifying market related competences, integrity related competences and functional related competences.
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The interrelationship between learning outcomes and competences is best illustrated in qualifications frameworks. While learning outcomes often describe competences, competences can also be stand alone. Competences represent a dynamic combination of cognitive and meta-cognitive skills, demonstration of knowledge and understanding, interpersonal, intellectual and practical skills, and ethical values.
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The competences of the Ministry of Higher Education were revised twice after its establishment. The initial competences were issued in 1994 and included supervision of SQU. These competences were revised again in the year 2000Specifying the Competences of the Ministry of Higher Education, Royal Decree No 36/2000, issued on May 6, 2000, published in issue no 671 of the Official Gazette. removing all references to SQU, and then they were refined again in the year 2002.
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The Supreme Court itself should define the boundaries of its competences. It means that the law should be changed, restituting the exclusive proceedings which existed prior to 2010 and vesting respective competences in the SC.
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DISCO – European Dictionary of Skills and Competences is a structured vocabulary for the description of skills and competences in different contexts such as labour market, education, and training, and the recognition of qualifications. DISCO provides a skills and competences classification that is neither linked to occupations nor to qualifications. Instead it functions as a thesaurus of skills and competences which is based on existing international standards and classifications and thus represents a terminological basis for the description of skills and competences, occupations as well as personal skill profiles and CVs, job vacancies, and job requirements or for describing curricula, courses, Diploma and Certificate Supplements or learning outcomes in general. Available in ten language versions (CZ, DE, EN, ES, FR, HU, IT, LT, SE, SK), DISCO is meant to support transnational comparability of competences acquired in an educational or work context throughout Europe.
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Enterprises could also use core competences to raise the values of customers and stakeholders. Alexander and Martin (2013) state that the competitiveness of a company is based on the ability to develop core competences. A core competence is, for example, a specialised knowledge, technique, or skill. The core capability is the management ability to develop, out of the core competences, core products and new business.
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The main goal of the VQTS model is the development of a systematic process for the comparison of competences and qualifications, and for the transnational transfer of competences acquired abroad (for example between education and working environment, or between vocational and higher education).
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The project aimed at creating general as well as particular modular VET opportunities and products in the water management concerning the addressed competences and qualifications. Through this, the VET opportunities and products were able to be related and mapped to those competences and qualifications for the management of sewage treatment plants. In addition, the competence and qualification model offers the basis for the individual identification of missing competences and qualifications, i.e. of clearly limited VET needs.
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The church was subdivided into regional ecclesiastical provinces, territorially mostly resembling the political provinces of Prussia belonging to Prussia before 1866. Each ecclesiastical province had at least one consistory, sometimes more with special competences, and at least one general superintendent, as provincial spiritual leader, sometimes more with regional competences.
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Hesse has been a parliamentary republic since 1918, except during Nazi rule (1933–1945). The German federal system has elements of exclusive federal competences, shared competences, and exclusive competences of the federal states. Hesse is famous for having a rather brisk style in its politics with the ruling parties being either the center-right Christian Democratic Union (CDU) or the center-left Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). Due to the Hessian electoral laws, the biggest party normally needs a smaller coalition partner.
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Removing some of the SC competences (i.e. the use of procedural law norms and some portion of material law norms) is contrary to logic and the principles of legal determination and constitutional status of the SC. These developments made the SC competences “partial”, while the use of authority to revise the procedural law norms led to incapacity in fulfilling the competences the SC enjoys as judicial entity. Therefore, the essence of the SC competences does not fully agree with its constitutional status and rights of public to court protection guaranteed by the Constitution of Ukraine. Considering all these facts, the authority of the SC of Ukraine should be restituted to the status it had prior to 2010 reform.
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In the organizational field, using the mixture of fuzzy sets and the theoretical method of analysis and synthesis, studies the chronological definitions of competencies, and provides a new definition of these (Competence (organization)), which facilitates their measurement. Based on this scientific fact, Perez-Capdevila builds a work algorithm to measure competences from human perception and build maps (defining them), provides a classification of people based on the elements of their competences, provides a procedure to correlate competencies and salary, and builds a simulator that links competencies with productivity and quality of work. He created a method to determine the relationship between work competences and salaries, which evaluates the losses that can be generated due to the lack of competences (whether laboral or professional). In the same way he constructed a simulating device to relate competences with productivity of the work and quality of work.
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Polizia regionale ('Regional Police') is a complex of competences in which the Italian regions are entitled to issue local acts.
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Lastly, in the field of teaching professional competences, she evaluates the comparative efficacy of face to face and online methodologies.
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To reflect these new competences, the authority was renamed to Federal Network Agency for Electricity, Gas, Telecommunications, Posts and Railway (, ).
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In these situations, network institutions can create a synergy between different competences and sources of knowledge allowing dealing with complex and interlined problems.
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In addition, candidates may be asked to sit a third test to ascertain their specific competences relevant to the profile of the competition.
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The skills and competences gained in a Practice Enterprise can easily be transferred and adjusted to other markets, countries and potential work fields.
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They may then opt for their mother tongue for "Language 1" classes in place of those usually provided by their respective chosen language section. For the purposes of second language classes, their respective chosen section then becomes their designated second language. In 2006 the Council of the European Union and European Parliament adopted a European Framework for Key Competences for Lifelong Learning. These competences are incorporated and embedded in the European Schools curriculum. The eight key competences, which all individuals need for personal fulfillment and development, active citizenship, social inclusion and employment form the basis of the school’s curriculum.
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The competences of MOHC are as follows:"Specifying the Competences of the Ministry of Heritage and Culture and Adopting its Organizational Structure", Royal Decree No. 24/2005, issued on February 26, 2005, published in issue no. 786 of the Official Gazette. #Discovering and maintaining cultural monuments and supervising the works of archeological missions. #Surveying, restoring and maintaining historical forts and buildings.
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After a series of protests, the competences of the Consultative Assembly were widened in 2011, giving members the possibility to propose and review laws.
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In the present-day Netherlands, the Koninklijke Marechaussee ("Royal Marshalcy") is a national military police force with civilian competences, similar to the French Gendarmerie nationale.
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In 2002 the municipalities were drastically reformed. Before then all aldermen remained member of the municipal council. The municipal council had all the competences in a municipality and it delegated competences to the council of aldermen and mayor. The council of aldermen and mayor de facto functioned as the executive council of the municipality, but de jure they were little more than a powerful committee.
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The principle of conferral is a fundamental principle of European Union law. According to this principle, the EU is a union of member states, and all its competences are voluntarily conferred on it by its member states. The EU has no competences by right, and thus any areas of policy not explicitly agreed in treaties by all member states remain the domain of the member states. This indicates that the member states have the right to deal with all matters that fall outside the agreements of the EU treaties and the EU can only act within the conferred competences defined by the Member States in the treaties.
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In order to apply to the EEA EFTA States, certain competences and tasks, which are carried out by bodies in the EU pillar, have to be conferred upon bodies in the EFTA pillar. That is why, pursuant to Article 108 EEA, the EEA EFTA States established the EFTA Surveillance Authority and the EFTA Court. The EFTA Surveillance Authority has been granted competences mirroring those of the Commission as regards surveillance, whilst the EFTA Court has been granted competences mirroring those of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). Due to their mirror roles and the need to ensure uniform application of law, ESA cooperates closely with the European Commission.
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The working group Transport Safety uses competences and technological innovations from aviation and space research to develop new solutions for problems of road and rail transport.
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17 The current competences and traditions of the contemporary voivodeship marshal stem from the Public Administrative Reform Act of 1998, which went into effect in January 1999.
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Ministry of Communication () was a department dealing with telecommunications in Poland (telephones, post, telegraph). Liquidated in 2001, its competences were taken over by the Ministry of Infrastructure.
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The Vocational Qualification Transfer System (VQTS) model is a proposal for a structured description of work-related competences. The core elements are the Competence Matrix and the Competence Profiles. A Competence Matrix displays competences structurally in a table according to core work tasks in a specific occupational field (“competence area”) and the progress of competence development (“step of competence development”). Competence Profiles are formed from individual parts of this Competence Matrix.
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The CEFR divides general competences in knowledge, skills, and existential competence with particular communicative competences in linguistic competence, sociolinguistic competence, and pragmatic competence. This division does not exactly match previously well-known notions of communicative competence, but correspondences among them can be made. The CEFR has three principal dimensions: language activities, the domains in which the language activities occur, and the competencies on which we draw when we engage in them.
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Service-dominant (S-D) logic, in behavioral economics, is an alternative theoretical framework for explaining value creation, through exchange, among configurations of actors. It is a dominant logic. The underlying idea of S-D logic is that humans apply their competences to benefit others and reciprocally benefit from others' applied competences through service-for- service exchange. Service-dominant logic has been developed by Stephen Vargo and Robert Lusch.
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If they do not do this, admission is impossible. This means that the institutions have to act in accordance with the principles and should master the ten competences.
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The drama deals with the psychological pressure and the tense triangle of competences under the overriding importance that each participant has to negotiate the actions with his conscience.
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Competence Profiles are formed from particular parts of a Competence Matrix by identifying competences that are relevant to a certain training programme or qualification (organisational profile) or are reflective the competences acquired so far by a person in training (individual profile). Organisational profiles, developed by the authorities responsible for the respective training programmes or qualification, indicate the relevant competences of the specific training programme or qualification on the Competence Matrix and the corresponding number of Credit Points. Individual profiles, developed by the responsible training provider, assess which stage of competence development and Credit Points the student or apprentice has reached so far. Based on the competence profile of the person in training a Competence Profile Certificate can be issued.
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In Belgium, a regulation (, ) is a form of legislation passed by the Brussels Parliament in exercise of its agglomeration competences and by the Common Community Commission in certain cases.
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The concept that career officials bring to the policy process a specific collection of competences not readily adducible from political executives or their party-political appointees attained wide currency.
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In the Lisbon Treaty, however, the charter is incorporated by reference and given legal status without forming part of the treaties. The EU must act and legislate consistently with the Charter and the EU's courts will strike down EU legislation which contravenes it. The Charter only applies to EU member states as regards their implementation of EU law and does not extend the competences of the EU beyond its competences as defined in the treaties.
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The competences required by a teacher are affected by the different ways in which the role is understood around the world. Broadly, there seem to be four models: :the teacher as manager of instruction; :the teacher as caring person; :the teacher as expert learner; and :the teacher as cultural and civic person.F Caena (2011) 'Literature review: Teachers’ core competences: requirements and development' accessed January 2017 at citing Altet et al., 1996; Conway et al.
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To succeed in an emerging global market, it is more important and required to build core competencies rather than to do vertical integration. For example, NEC utilized its portfolio of core competencies to dominate the semiconductor, telecommunications, and consumer electronics market. The use and understanding of the concept of core competences can be very important to enterprises. They can use core competences in order to excel at the contrivance of core products.
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After World War II, women finally received the same rights as men as far as voting was concerned. The post-World War era saw a series of six Belgian state reforms from 1970 until 2014. In 1993, the competences of the Senate were redefined during the fourth State Reform. In 2014, during the sixth State Reform, the Senate transformed in the assembly it is today, with important reforms concerning composition and competences.
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The constitution establishes that all competences not explicitly assumed by the state—the central government—in the constitution, can be assumed by the autonomous community in their Statutes of Autonomy; but also, all competences not explicitly assumed by the autonomous community in their Statutes of Autonomy are automatically assumed by the state. In case of conflict, the constitution prevails. In case of disagreement, any administration can bring the case before the Constitutional Court of Spain.
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The president is the legal representative of the convent, unless he entrusts competences to the prioress.§ 1 (3) Klosterordnung, cf. „Klosterordnung“, on: Kloster Neuenwalde: Aktuelles, retrieved on 19 December 2014.
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The Secretariat of State for Foreign Affairs was created in 1979 as a body of «general competence» destinated to help the Foreign Minister in his duties. This body was suppressed in 1982 and its competences were re-assumed by the Minister. In 1985, the department was reactivated with the level of General Secretariat and was called General Secretariat for Foreign Policy and the Secretary General had the rank of Under Secretary. In 1996, with the change of government, the General Secretariat was subordinated to a new Secretariat of State called Secretariat of State for Foreign Policy and for the European Union, assuming the coordinations competences of the General Secretariat and the competences of the Secretariat of State for the European Union.
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European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations (ESCO) is a multilingual classification of identifies and categorises skills, competences, qualifications and occupations relevant for the EU labour market and education. ESCO has been developed by The European Commission since 2010. ESCO v1 contains about 2 950 occupations, each occupation is classified according to International Standard Classification of Occupations (version 2008). ESCO is published in the 24 official languages of the European Union as well as in Norwegian and in Icelandic.
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The experiences gained through the testing of this model aid the plans of other European research projects which also use competence models, such as the Agricom Project or the Compat.egov Project. 2\. "WACOM instrument" Optimization and adaptation of WACOM (the WAter COmpetences Model) to the vocational education and training systems and cultures in Europe. Finally the WACOM instrument was used for the description of the competences and qualifications and for the improvement of their transparency and comparability.
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The competences of the Ministry of Civil Service is as follows:"Specifying the Competences of the Ministry of Civil Service and Adopting its Organizational Structure", Royal Decree No. 142/2008, issued on December 29, 2008, published in issue no 878 of the Official Gazette. #Suggesting policies and strategies for the development of governmental bodies in relation to organizational and human resources matters. #Supporting the Council of Civil Service. #Making legislation suggestions in the field civil service.
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The competences of the Ministry of Awqaf and Religious Affairs are as follows: Specifying the Competences of the Ministry of Awqaf and Religious Affairs and Adopting its Organizational Structure, Royal Decree No 6/99, issued on January 23, 1999, published in issue no 640 of the Official Gazette. #Undertaking the affairs of awqaf and settings strategies and projects to reserve them and develop their resources. #Preserving the properties of Bayt al-mal. #Setting strategies for managing zakat (charity).
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Upon the resignation of Fientje Moerman on 10 October 2007 in the wake of a public procurement scandal, Ceysens again became part of the Flemish Government, taking over the competences of Moerman.
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The Department of Transport was suppressed in March 1991 and most of its competences returned to the Ministry of Public Works. From 1977 to 1991, seven people served as Ministers of Transport.
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Hortefeux was later replaced by Eric Besson, on 15 January 2009. Besson remained in office until 13 November 2010, when the ministry was abolished. Its competences were redistributed amongst other government agencies.
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Over the years Alectia has developed from a classic engineering company to a knowledge-based company with specialised competences within process technology, occupational health and safety, business consulting, buildings, water, energy and environment.
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Specifying the Competences of the Ministry of Higher Education and Adopting its Organizational Structure, Royal Decree No 6/2002, issued on January 14, 2002, published in issue no 711 of the Official Gazette.
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The government body entrusted with this task was the Directorate-General for Forests. In 1855 the Forestry Advisory Board was founded. In the 20th century, the competences in the environment were varying in rank, being mere commissions, directorates- general or even secretaries of State. All these competences of the ministry were varying between the ministries of development, agriculture and presidency, until 1993 when the term "Environment" reached the rank of ministry, creating the Ministry of Public Works, Transport and Environment.
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Content-creation competence is one of the most important core competences in most media enterprises. Media enterprises with content-creation competences are, for example, especially good at realizing social trends and implementing them into their media products, making them highly attractive for the customers. The product development competence is the qualification for a product portfolio with a steady flow of revenues. In order to achieve this, media enterprises have to be able to develop promising media products and to assess their marketability.
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The memorandum presented an end to the previous Moscow policy, which assumed that the region would have equal status in federation with the rest of the country. It was proposed that the competences of government of the federal Moldova would be divided into three categories: those of the federation, those of individual subjects and those of joint competences. The plan presented several issues risking to cause blockage in policy-making. A lower house, elected by proportional representation, would pass legislation by simple majority.
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The two autonomous cities have the right to become autonomous communities, but neither has yet exercised it. This unique framework of territorial administration is known as the "State of Autonomies". The autonomous communities are governed according to the constitution and their own organic laws known as Statutes of Autonomy, which define the competences that they assume. Since devolution was intended to be asymmetrical in nature, the scope of competences vary for each community, but all have the same parliamentary structure.
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Since then, the Secretariat of the Navy had competences only on the naval forces of the Peninsular Spain, the Canaries and the Balearics because the Secretariat of the Dispatch of the Indies assumed the responsibilities on the naval forces in the rest of the Empire. It wasn't until 1790 that this Secretariat also assumed the competences on the Overseas Navy when the Indies Secretariat was suppressed. The same did the Secretariat of War with the competencies on the land forces in the Indies.
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In 2003, a new Academic Reform was carried out, with which the methodology of Education and Training Based on Contextualized Competences (ECBCC) is innovated and consolidated. For this, it incorporates in a generalized way in the study programs the concept of contextualized competences, as a methodology that reinforces the learning, integrates it and makes it meaningful. Thus, a new flexible and multimodal curricular model is built, in which labor and professional competencies are complemented with basic competencies and key competences that reinforce technological training and strengthen the scientific and humanistic education of the students. It is currently a federalized institution, constituted by a central unit that regulates and coordinates the system; 30 State Colleges; a Decentralized Operation Unit in the Federal District and the Representation of the State of Oaxaca.
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In the Criminal Procedural Act, however, established clearly that the prosecutor is a part of the process. Soon after, in 1886, the Prosecution Ministry lost the competences over the defence of the interests of the Public Treasury in favour of the Solicitor General's Office. Under the francoism, the Ministry lost most of its competences and was just a body to execute orders and to act as a channel of communication between the executive and the judicial power. With the arrival of democracy and the approval of the Constitution of 1978, the Ministry recovered its competences and were granted with new ones, defending not only the interest of the State but also the interest of the citizents, their rights and freedoms and to watch over the independence of justice.
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The federal court system of Brazil has all its organs and competences listed and defined in the Brazilian 1988 Constitution. The National Justice Council is an exclusively administrative organ of the federal court system.
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GBS focuses on six topics, in which the competences of the faculty and the partner network expertise are combined: Finance Management, Bank Management, Risk Management & Regulation, Leadership & Personal Development, Strategic Management and Corporate Social Responsibility.
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Page 9 Play develops children's content knowledge and provides children the opportunity to develop social skills, competences and disposition to learn.Wood, E. and J. Attfield. (2005). Play, learning and the early childhood curriculum. 2nd ed.
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He assumed office on 7 February. Once in office, he enlarged the Secretariat’s competences to include economic diplomacy and became part of the Committee of Experts advising the Spanish government on the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Another SLOOP project partner, ITD-CNR, presented within the Lifelong Learning Programme a new transfer of innovation project, started in October 2009. Sloop2desc means Sharing Learning Objects in an Open Perspective TO develop european skills and competences. Sloop2desc focused on new educational models based on competences and learning outcomes. Specifically, the project referred to the EQF (European Qualification Framework), that was adopted by the EU Parliament and Council in April 2008, establishing general criteria for comparing qualification systems developed and/or adopted in the EU countries.
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In 2009 was re-created. The zenith of its autonomy reached it in 2016 when the prime minister split the Ministry of Industry originating a new Ministry of Energy that assumed also the competences over Tourism and Telecommunications. In 2018, the new government modification integrated the Secretariat of State in the Ministry of Environment in order to establish a transversal environmental policy. This new ministry integrated all the environmental- related competences (except for industrial ones) and received the name of Ministry for the Ecological Transition.
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The minimal skills and competence phrases collected within DISCO II are applicable in the field of education, but also for describing tasks in job vacancies and similar job requirement documents as well as in qualifications, vocational or occupational profiles. The vocabulary available through DISCO – i.e. based on skills/competences – is used to describe occupational as well as qualifications information. Within the ongoing ESCO development – European Skills/Competences, qualifications and Occupations – DISCO is used as one of the sources to enhance the skills/competence pillar.
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The Government made a decision in line with the proposal of Minister of Defence Jussi Niinistö (True Finns) and Juusti was appointed. According to Niinistö, Juusti combines military and civilian competences, technical expertise and financial skills.
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Descriptors are formulated using learning outcomes language, yet they are divided into different domains based on specific contextual decisions. These domains are mostly referred to as sets of like competences which describe progression across the levels.
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Related to this is the power of the court to decide about the conformity with the constitutional order of an international treaty prior to its ratification.Czech Republic. Constitutional Court. "Competences." Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic.
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In an attempt to clarify the division of judicial competences, an administrative council laid down that religious matters were to be handled by religious courts, and statute matters were to be handled by the Nizamiye courts.
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Each individual student is assisted in tailoring the teaching plan to his/her previous competences and specific interests. To broaden the student's perspective, up to 18 ECTS can be obtained with elective courses chosen from the program.
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MRCGP assessment comprises three components, each of which tests different competences using validated assessment methods. In combination these assessments cover the spectrum of knowledge, skills, behaviours and attitudes that are outlined in the GP Specialty Training curriculum.
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Finally the technology competence refers to the employment of modern information and communication technology for the creation and marketing of content. Core competences form the foundation for the strategy formation process in media enterprises. For their future success, the media enterprises have to analyze the current competence basis and compare them with the required, strategically important, core competences derived from an external market analysis. There is a range of different influences on the media management decisions and actions that have to be included in the external market analysis.
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Between 1986 and 1993 the Ministry of the Presidency was renamed Ministry of Relations with the Cortes and of the Secretariat of the Government receiving the Undersecretariat the same denomination. Between 2016 and 2018 the Under Secretary received also the competences of the Undersecretariat of Territorial Administration (current Under Secretary of Territorial Policy and Civil Service) and since 2018 it has also the competences over Relations with the Cortes and Equality. In 2020, the Ministry lost its responsibilities on equality but acquired those on democratic memory and religious freedom.
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In 1705 it was created the ministry under the denomination of Secretariat of the Universal Dispatch and assumed competences not only over the treasury but over war as well. In 1714, it lost the competences over War and was headed by the Universal Mayor of the General Veeduría (Intendente Universal de la Veeduría General), the primitive denomination of the current position of Minister of Finance. This organization lasted a short time and disappeared in 1716. From that moment, the responsibilities of treasury merged with justice and Indies affairs.
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What should we know, understand and be able to do? Key Competences in EU-history and the History of European Integration According to the Tuning Educational Structures in Europe project, the objective of single course modules and degree programmes is to develop “competences”, in the broadest sense, in the learner. In substance the central element in organising the learning process is what the person involved will know, understand and be able to do at the end of it. Attitude too, in this case the historical mind-set or approach, is fundamental.
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All municipalities have the following competences, as regulated by Law Nr. 03/L-040 of the Constitution of Kosovo: # Local economic development. # Urban and rural planning. # Land use and development. # Implementation of building regulations and building control standards.
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Beginning 2010, the city's environmental policy seems difficult to read: There is a Directorate for the Environment at the mayor's office but the site fails to deliver any information. The environmental policy is one of the competences of the .
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While the 1999 Constitution still defines Venezuela as a Federal Republic, it abolished the Senate, transferred competences of the States to the Federal Government and granted the President of the Republic vast powers to intervene in the States and Municipalities.
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In some cases the frequency of refresher training is mandated by regulation or an expiry date on the certification. This is often the case for occupational safety related competences. These are often valid for periods of two or three years.
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In 2003 the majority of shares of Favarger were acquired by Luka Rajic. His intention is to ally the traditional know-how of this chocolate specialist with new managerial competences in order to develop the brand in Switzerland and abroad.
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On September 6 those in charge of the Ministry of Finance, to which the competences of the Artistic Treasure were transferred, proceeded to reshuffle the Committees, headed by the civil governors. Ferrant became the technical assistant and had no executive functions.
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During a state visit to Serbia in 2009, Kaczyński said that the Polish government, on the basis of its constitutional competences, decided to recognize Kosovo and emphasized that he, as the President of the state, did not agree with that.
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The RCVS Professional Development Phase (PDP) that was launched for new graduates in 2007 provides a structured approach to guide the new graduate towards the professional competences they need to develop in either small animal, equine or production animal practice.
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He was a member of the town council of Beveren-Waas from 1989 to 1997 and a member of the province council of East-Flanders (1991–1994). He served as Belgium's Commissioner General for refugees and stateless people (2001–2003). In 2003 he became Secretary of State in the government of the Brussels-Capital Region with the competences of Mobility, the Civil Service, Fire Department, Urgent Medical Assistance and chairman of the Flemish Community Commission with the competences of Culture, Sport, the Civil Service and Media. After the regional elections of 2004 Pascal Smet became a minister.
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For Transnistria, the memorandum presented an end to the previous Moscow policy, which assumed that the region would have equal status in federation with the rest of the country. According to the memorandum Russian troops (no more than 2000 strong, without heavy armaments) would remain in Transnistria for the transitional period but not later than 2020. It was proposed that the competences of government of the federal Moldova would be divided into three categories: those of the federation, those of individual subjects and those of joint competences. The plan presented several issues risking to cause blockage in policy-making.
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The other regions had the opportunity to accede to autonomy via the slower route established in the 143rd article, with a lower level of competences, during a provisional period of five years. After this period, there was to be a progressive transference of competences, with the aim of roughly equalizing all communities. One particular exception was granted to both the Basque Country and Navarre: their fueros or "medieval charters", which had granted them fiscal autonomy, were restored. Despite having a Basque-speaking minority, the province of Navarre chose not to join the soon-to-be formed autonomous community of the Basque Country.
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The Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEH) was a ministerial department in the Government of Spain that merged the traditional ministries of Finance and Economy, with competences on economic affairs, public finance and budgets. It was established on two occasions: the first time during the premierships of Felipe González (1982–1996) and the first term of José María Aznar (1996–2000), and the second time during the premiership of José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (2004–2011). Due to its size and the vast amount of competences on economic and finance affairs under its control, it has been often dubbed as a "superministry".
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The departments are divided into arrondissements, themselves divided into cantons. The chef-lieu d'arrondissement is the subprefecture (). The official in charge is the subprefect (). Cantons have relatively few competences, the most important one being the local organisation of elections (cantons are electoral subdivisions).
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The design center headquarters is located in Moscow with branches in St. Petersburg (and later in Ufa and Samara on the base of design bureaus of holding enterprises). At the initial stage about 400 design-engineers will work in the center of competences.
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On 16 September 2014 John Crombez (SP.a) resigned as Secretary of State for Combating Social and Fiscal Fraud, effective 22 September, to become leader of the SP.a faction in the Flemish Parliament. His competences were taken over by Minister Johan Vande Lanotte (SP.a).
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It is up to the Governing Bodies to pursue the object of the FPF, within the scope of their competences, as well as to promote sports ethics, particularly in the fields of combating violence, doping and corruption associated with the sports phenomenon.
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It is owned by the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology. Its competences are to improve safety in technology and chemistry through research and development, testing, analysis, approvals, advice and information. The headquarters in Berlin are near the Berlin Botanischer Garten station.
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A study showed that the usage of the Glogster EDU educational platform develops necessary competences, such as, communication skills, creativity and intellectual curiosity, critical and systematized thinking, information and media skills, collaborative and interpersonal skills, problem identification, formulation, and solving and social responsibility.
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DOI: 10.7203/relieve.22.1.8048. generated two parallel versions of the Basic Competences Exam (Excoba), a general test of educational skills, using a program they developed called GenerEx. They then studied the internal structure as well as the psychometric equivalence of the created tests.
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In March 2020, to reduce the socio-economic impact of the Coronavirus pandemic, she became the driving force behind a project promoting digital solidarity, through which she invited both individuals and public figures to share services, competences and energy to support Italy's students and workers.
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Like German universities, Jacobs's 3-year program offers athletics in the form of extracurricular activities. The average 30 ECTS per semester include more than 6 courses of soft skills training(e.g. language courses as additional competences). Jacobs also provides career advising as mandatory courses.
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For all areas within its sphere of competence (both vis-à-vis community or regional competences), the Flemish region can conclude international treaties with other states, whether they are national states or member states of a federation. This competence includes development cooperation and foreign trade.
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For instances, knowledge by characterisation of process, entity, energy, etc. Practical knowing describes the subject knowing how to complete a task based on their competences. This is very significant as it shows the conceptual understanding, practice paradigm as well as experiential base during operation.
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Levi 9 IT Services runs .NET development centers in Serbia and Ukraine and maintains core development, data management and business intelligence Microsoft competences. Java - the company is a partner of SUN Advantage Program and works in spheres of Enterprise Java and J2EE software development.
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Most of the laboratory members are official employees of universities, which most of time working for FRUCT projects. After the required level of competences is gained the team either organizes innovation startup or start large research project by using regional and cross-border grants.
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In the Masterclass, more talented pupils follow a programme for three years, focused on the development of their cognitive as well as social-emotional competences. The regular lesson scheme is more compact and there is more room for thinking outside the box and academic broadening.
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This was due to its interest in inheriting Thales site ICT and Defence & Security competences, in order to join the Internet of Things trend in the automotive context and expand internal know-how by strengthening their skills and moving them from automotive to ICT.
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The analysis of the Supreme Court of Ukraine practices and of the respective procedural law leads one to the following conclusions. The competences vested in the Supreme Court of Ukraine attempt to combine the control over norms with court protection in the criminal cases by means of court rulings’ revision. However, the legal levers available to the Supreme Court are not enough for the exercising of the said competences. The use of the means with subjective components (arbitrary application of the norms of material law) and the institute of cases’ submission to the SC substantially complicated practical exercising of public right to court protection and decreased its efficiency.
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A supranational union is a supranational polity which lies somewhere between a confederation that is an association of states and a federation that is a state. The European Economic Community was described by its founder Robert Schuman as midway between confederalism which recognises the complete independence of states in an association and federalism which seeks to fuse them in a super-state.La Communaute du Charbon et de l'Acier p 7 Paul Reuter, preface by Robert Schuman. Paris 1953 The EU has supranational competences, but it possesses these competences only to the extent that they are conferred on it by its member states (Kompetenz-Kompetenz).
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It is critical to manage and enhance the competences in response to industry changes in the future. For example, Microsoft has expertise in many IT based innovations where, for a variety of reasons, it is difficult for competitors to replicate or compete with Microsoft's core competences. In a race to achieve cost cutting, quality, and productivity, most executives do not spend their time developing a corporate view of the future because this exercise demands high intellectual energy and commitment. The difficult questions may challenge their own ability to view the future opportunities but an attempt to find their answers will lead towards organizational benefits.
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After the creation of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the competences of the Supreme Mufti were transferred to the Ulama Majlis in Skopje and the competences of the Reis-ul-ulama were transferred to the Ulama Majlis in Sarajevo. The newly formed Ulama Majlises formed the Rijaset of Islamic Community with its head office in Sarajevo. After the Second World War the Islamic Community of Macedonia became part of the Islamic Community of Yugoslav Federation (Rijaset), with its office in Sarajevo. After the Breakup of Yugoslavia and the independence of Macedonia, this community continues to act as an independent religious community in North Macedonia, based in Skopje.
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In 1833, in the aftermath of the November Uprising and the foiled plan by some Polish activists to start an uprising in Kraków, the partitioning powers issued a new, much more restrictive constitution: the number of senators and deputies was lowered and their competences limited, while the commissars of the partitioning powers had their competences expanded. Freedom of the press was also curtailed. In 1835 a secret treaty between the three partitioning powers presented a plan in which in case of additional Polish unrest, Austria was given the right to occupy and annex the city. That would take place after the Kraków Uprising of 1846.
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The Recife Center for Advanced Studies and Systems (CESAR), is a private innovation, education and entrepreneurship center that uses knowledge about markets, people and technologies to solve complex problems, changing the lives of people and organizations. CESAR develops incremental or disruptive innovation projects, designs and implements high impact educational practices, creates new businesses and promotes entrepreneurship. Some of CESAR's competences and practices involve Digital Transformation, new products and services Experimentation, Agile Methodologies, User experience, Consulting, Software Engineering, Ideation and Prototyping, Business Models and Business Acceleration. CESAR's educational branch, CESAR School, has trained more than 5.000 people in courses that address the new competences needed in the 21st century.
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This development emanated from the beacon schools spread by a group of leading intellects and writers, as well as newspapers, which stressed the need to establish a representative council that sustains more competences in legislation as much as in control. In 1878, the first cabinet of ministers was created, and the parliament re-established and given more powers of exercise (although some matters, like financial affairs, remained outside its competences). In June 1879, the new standing order of the Advisory Council of Representatives was prepared for issuance by the Khedive (Head of State). It stated that the Council consisted of 120 members for Egypt and the Sudan.
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The Ministry of Trade was the department of the Government of Spain responsible for the proposal and execution of the government policy on trade, supply and currency. The department was initially constituted as a split from the Ministry of Industry and Trade in July 1951, and was enlarged in July 1977 by assuming all competences on tourism from the disestablished Ministry of Information and Tourism. It lasted until October 1980, when it was merged into the Ministry of Economy and Trade. The department was reformed in July 1993 under Felipe González, lasting until May 1996 when its competences were transferred to the Ministry of Economy and Finance.
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Berufswertigkeit is a concept of comparative evaluation concerning the competences of persons with different formal educational achievements. It derives from the requirements of modern professional business practice and enables comparisons respectively an assessment of the considered persons or educational achievements from the specific view of professional practice.
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The federal police is a coordinating police département with only a few competences, e.g. in border control or airport and trial security. In the scope of responsibility of the state police departments the federal police can only act with permission or request of the local state police.
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The competences of MOHE are as follows: #Implementing the adopted policies in the fields of high education and scientific research. #Proposing the general policie for high education and scientific research. #Preparing future generations academically in all fields of knowledge. #Supervising high education institutes assigned to the ministry.
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The Council's mandate was three years, and it remained in session for two months each year. It held nine sessions in three legislative terms (25 November 1866 – 6 July 1879). With the lapse of time, the Council?s competences expanded, and opposition trends started to appear.
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The exception is the capital Belgrade, which is not part of any district. The city may or may not be divided into city municipalities. Six cities: Belgrade, Novi Sad, Niš, Požarevac, Užice and Vranje comprise several city municipalities. Competences of cities and these municipalities are divided.
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The Court of Jurisdictional Disputes (Uyuşmazlık Mahkemesi) is the final authority to settle disputes concerning verdicts and the competences of the Justice, Administrative or Military Courts. This court is made up of members from the Court of Cassation's General Assembly and the Council of State's General Assembly.
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Present in 6 sites in the cities of Porto, Braga and Vila Real, INESC TEC incorporates 13 R&D; Centres and one Associate Unit with complementary competences, always looking to the international market. INESC TEC brings together more than 700 researchers, of which around 350 have PhDs.
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The Europass framework was established by Decision 2241/2004/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 December 2004 on a single Community framework for the transparency of qualifications and competences (Europass) and entered into force on 1 January 2005 by its own terms.
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He also studied an academic program about Intercultural competences in the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, (Germany) (2010–2011). In 2011 Meneses Monroy participated in an international congress about poetry. He presented a study about Alfonso Reyes. In 2012 he founded the literary magazine El Comité 1973.
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Dorian, "The Problem of the Semi-Speaker in Language Death," International Journal of the Sociology of Language 12 (1977): 23-32. When semi-speakers form a significant part of the speech community, language contraction often ensues, as the linguistic norms are accommodated to the competences of the speakers.
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General and particular communicative competences are developed by producing or receiving texts in various contexts under various conditions and constraints. These contexts correspond to various sectors of social life that the CEFR calls domains. Four broad domains are distinguished: educational, occupational, public, and personal. These largely correspond to register.
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In Pristina the LDK held its primary-winning 54.46%. The PDK had a slight increase gaining 24.97%. In 2002 nearly three years after the war, the competences of the Kosovan institutions had started to increase slightly. The new mayor elected, Ismet Beqiri, at that time was 38 years old.
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What is more, some employers only pay attention to graduates from prestigious universities, which result in the decrease of competences of normal college graduates. In order to solve this, it is said that the Chinese government is considering restoring these so-called Sanben universities to what they originally were.
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Since 1979, HEC Lausanne offers an MBA programme designed for managers and professionals who want to evolve or acquire new competences and responsibilities in their career. The part-time Executive MBA programme lasts 16 months and participants can choose between two focus areas: Management & Corporate Finance and Healthcare Management.
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In 1993, the decree was reformed to open expectations regarding job training, inter-sectoral linkage, community support, and technological advice and assistance to companies. In 1994, according to the needs of the country, the school adopted the Competency Standards Based Education (EBNC) scheme, initiating the reform of its educational model in congruence with said approach. In 1998, as a result of his experience in the development of training programs under the EBNC scheme, he undertook a project for the accreditation of schools as Centers for the Evaluation of Labor Competences with the purpose of promoting the evaluation of competences acquired throughout the year. life, with the reference in Technical Standards of Labor Competence (NTCL).
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In this sense Teece's Dynamic Capabilities Theory is a move back towards the Resource- Based View of the Firm, but with a broader notion of "Resources" that includes intangible knowledge-based and practice-based resources, not just tangible assets. In the Dynamic Capabilities Theory, "Resources" are firm-specific assets that are difficult for competitors to acquire or imitate, "Organizational Routines" (based on prior work of Nelson and Winter) or "Organizational Competences" are the low-level capabilities of the firm and "Core Competences" are taken from the Hamel and Prahalad concept. Citing Dorothy Leonard (or Leonard-Barton), Teece et al. define (higher-level) Dynamic Capabilities as the "ability to integrate, build and reconfigure" these tangible and intangible assets.
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168 Although the constitution does not equate the council of ministers as 'the government,' due to the powers of the prime minister, the competences of other ministers, independent bodies, and the direct representatives of the prime minister and the cabinet (voivodes) to the voivodeships who supervise the regional administrations, the cabinet carries out various governmental features. This includes the legislation and implementation of policy conducive of governing the state. Due to its constitutional mandate, the council of ministers acts as the main pillar of political authority, directing state administration, Poland's foreign policy, and much of the republic's domestic policy, unless some competences are reserved (by statute) to other organs or to local authorities.
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Towards the end of the 19th century the competition with the newly formed joint-stock banks led to a strategic orientation of the business toward the core competences of a private bank: renouncing the on-balance-sheet business and concentrating on individual financial services. Asset management was of particular importance.
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In 1803, the Commerce Department was established. By decree of August 17, 1810, the Ministry of Commerce was disestablished and its competences were divided between the ministries: foreign trade and customs affairs were transferred to the ministry of finance, and domestic trade and communication affairs – to the ministry of internal affairs.
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In 1717 Effner was sent by the elector to Italy for a study trip. From 1715 to 1726 Effner was then court architect to the elector. Joseph Effner introduced modern French ideas of architecture to the Munich court. After the death of Enrico Zuccalli in 1724 he received even more competences.
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In Germany, a law (§ 11, Behindertengleichstellungsgesetz) requires the authorities to provide information more and more in LS. The federal government enforces the use of LS by the authorities and their competences to write texts in LS.Wortlaut des § 11 BGG online beim Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz, abgerufen am 6.
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The Tschudi Group is a private shipping and logistics company, established in 1883. The company is now owned and run by the fourth and fifth generations of the Tschudi family. The head office is located in Lysaker, Norway. The Group's main commercial competences are shipping and maritime services, logistics and offshore.
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Chevron folding preferentially occurs when the bedding regularly alternates between contrasting competences. Turbidites, characterized by alternating high-competence sandstones and low- competence shales, provide the typical geological setting for chevron folds to occurs. Perpetuation of the fold structure is not geometrically limited. Given a proper stratigraphy, chevrons can persist almost indefinitely.
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Hence they are also said to have concierto económico, an "economic treaty". Since they collect all taxes themselves and only send a prearranged amount to the central government for the competences exclusive to the state, they do not participate in "fiscal equalization", in that they do not receive any money back.
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Administrations, depending on the territory in which they are competent, are classified into three levels. The first level is the General State Administration which competencies spread throughout the country. The second level is made up of the different Autonomous Administrations. Its competences cover the territory of the corresponding Autonomous Community.
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The robotics engineer Joseph F. Engelberger asserts that innovations require only three things: # a recognized need # competent people with relevant technology # financial supportEngelberger, J. F. (1982). "Robotics in practice: Future capabilities". Electronic Servicing & Technology magazine. Innovation processes usually involve: identifying customer needs, macro and meso trends, developing competences, and finding financial support.
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This especially included the death penalty, which was still in force in some cantons. Moreover, the competences for substantive law was largely transferred from the cantons to the Confederation. The cantons retained only the competence in procedural law and cantonal tax legislation and violations. The code has been revised numerous times since 1942.
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The detail of most diver training standards is in the description of the equipment which may be used and the conditions under which the certified diver may be considered competent to operate, and the required exit level knowledge and skill competences that provide evidence of ability to operate safely in these conditions.
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After the 1999 election, he was reappointed as Minister for the Interior, with enlarged competences in the fields of police and water administration. After the 2004 election, he resigned from the government to become president of the Christian Social People's Party group in Parliament. He terminated this mandate after the 2009 election.
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The General Commissariat of Information was created along with the National Police Corps and assumed the competences of the old Central Brigade of Information (BCI). According to the agreements of the Council of Ministers, this service has the rank of secret, and his structure, budget, resources, procedures and agents can not be revealed.
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The Balance of Competences Review was an “audit of what the EU does and how it affects the UK”, carried out by the United Kingdom Government during the Cameron–Clegg coalition. It was launched in 2012 and the set of reports were published in December 2014, but without a single summary final report.
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Point 4 establishes the euro. Point 5 states the EU shall promote its values, contribute to eradicating poverty, observe human rights and respect the charter of the United Nations. The final sixth point states that the EU shall pursue these objectives by "appropriate means" according with its competences given in the treaties.
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Teaching is a highly complex activity.For a review of literature on competences required by teachers, see F Caena (2011) 'Literature review: Teachers’ core competences: requirements and development' accessed January 2017 at This is partially because teaching is a social practice, that takes place in a specific context (time, place, culture, socio- political-economic situation etc.) and therefore is shaped by the values of that specific context.for a useful discussion see, for example: Cochran-Smith, M. (2006): 'Policy, Practice, and Politics in Teacher Education', Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press Factors that influence what is expected (or required) of teachers include history and tradition, social views about the purpose of education, accepted theories about learning, etc.see for example Cummings, W.K. (2003) 'The Institutions of Education.
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Some work skills are implied by IDSA equivalent certification, and are included in diver training for these certificates, but many of the more complex and technical skills must be learned elsewhere. There is no prescription for where these other skills are learned, and it is generally left to the employer to ensure that their employees are competent to do the job for which they are hired, and for the contractor to ensure that they deploy personnel who are competent to do the job for the client. IMCA provides guidance for assessment of several key offshore diving competences, which are transferable between IMCA member employers, but is not directly involved in the assessments. Some of these competences are renewable periodically, to ensure that the diver is currently competent.
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The first year offers a range of compulsory and optional courses in EU history, political science, economics, EU law, lobbying, sustainable development and more. The second year combines high level teaching in the chosen specialisation with either a research track, leading to a Master’s thesis or a professional track, intensifying skills and competences for the labour market. Throughout the programme, the Executive Master in EU Studies teaches research and methodology based on best practices of the academic community. Additionally, the Executive Master in EU Studies offer skills and competences training such as a Council negotiation and ECJ simulation, cross-country comparative statistics, policy briefs, economic analyses and legal memos, opinions and writs as well as project management, public speaking, presentation and debate.
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From the beginning of the twenty first century, the term language coaching started to become used more and more in the field of language teaching and language learning. Theoretically, language coaching encompasses the teaching and training of foreign languages but incorporates principles, models and competences from the field of life coaching. These principles, competences and models may originate from coaching organisations themselves such as the International Coach Federation in the United States or from particular coaching models or practices such as GROW. Thus, the whole process behind life coaching, such as goal setting, action and strategy setting, reviewing goals and really getting coachees to focus on personal development and accomplish feats step by step is then transported into the language learning process.
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However, the 2012 provincial and municipal elections continued the trend of N-VA becoming the biggest party in Flanders. However, sociological studies show no parallel between the rise of nationalist parties and popular support for their agenda. Instead, a recent study revealed a majority in favour of returning regional competences to the federal level.
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As a priority, the JFTC provides support to the NATO Response Force (NRF) joint and component commanders in the training and exercising of the NRF, focusing on joint and combined competences. In October 2008, JFTC relocated from its home on ul. gen. Józefa Dwernickiego (gen. Józefa Dwernickiego Street) to a new simulations centre on ul.
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The Minister for Communications and the Media () is a position in the Luxembourgian cabinet. Among other competences, the Minister for Communications is responsible for overseeing the regulation of mail and of radio and television broadcasting and the apportionment of the radio spectrum. Until 23 July 2009, the position was known as 'Minister for Communications' ().
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1 of 23 March 2011. Both the Prime Minister and the Delegated Authority, if established, use the DIS in function of their competences, with the purpose of ensuring the full unity in planning the informative research of the Information System for the security, as well as in analysis and operative activities of intelligence services.
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These have taken place in Flanders and Wallonia. In the Brussels Capital Region no provincial elections were held as Brussels is not part of any Belgian province, the provincial competences almost entirely being assumed by the Region, the Agglomeration and the Community Commissions. The list numbers used were the same as for the municipalities.
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She lives in San Carlos de Bariloche, and studied at the Centro de Capacitación Técnica de Bariloche. She is a member of the Argentine Army as reserve soldier and technical drawer. She is married to Axel Nicolás Ciuffo, who has also represented Argentina in various competences of biathlon and cross-country skiing. Together, they have one daughter.
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Learning objectives for each stage are specific and focused on demonstration of clinical competences. Emphasis was on the assessment and management of acutely ill patients, but changes in the curriculum have stressed that chronic conditions are also important. Training also encompasses the generic professional skills applicable to all areas of medicine – teamwork, time management, communication and IT skills.
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In June 2020, Böszörményi-Nagy was appointed as President of the Board of the Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design, Hungary's major educational institution for the creative industries. As president he is openly ambitioning to make the university the most recognized hub of innovation and creative industry competences in the Central European region by 2030.
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Since 2012, the school has adopted the Teaching through Competences methodology, the first military school in Brazil to implement this methodology. In this method, knowledgement must be contextualized and integrate the syllabi of the different disciplines into problem-solving situations. With the use of this methodology, students have to reflect and solve problems in a systemic and integral way.
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Karl H. Müller (born 1953) is an Austrian social scientist, and director of the Steinbeis Transfer Center New Cybernetics in Vienna. He is particularly known for his 2005 work with J. Rogers Hollingsworth on "Advancing Socio- Economics: An Institutionalist Perspective" Whitley, Richard. "Business systems and organizational capabilities: The institutional structuring of competitive competences." OUP Catalogue (2007).
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Sejm of the Duchy of Warsaw () was the parliament of the Duchy of Warsaw. It was created in 1807 by Napoleon, who granted a new constitution to the recently created Duchy. It had limited competences, including having no legislative initiative. It met three times: for regular sessions in 1809 and 1811, and for an extraordinary session in 1812.
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Edupower Oy Ab is an international energy management and consultancy company, with headquarters in Vaasa, Finland, and overseas operations in Shanghai, China. Edupower’s core competences include energy and Lean. Services comprise power plant- and energy project consulting, as well as operational development for industry, municipal and educational needs. In addition, Edupower supports project cooperation between industry and higher education.
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Geens was elected a member of the city council of Winksele in 1970. After Winksele's fusion with Herent in 1976 he became a member of that city council. In 1974 in a government led by Tindemans, Geens became Secretary of State for the Budget and Science. In 1976 he was promoted to minister but with the same competences.
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The reserve offers highly qualified instructors and guides and a secure environment for the study of nature. Mbatovi also offers activities for management groups, designed to influence in the attitudes and values of the participants, using a lively focus. The objective of these activities is to develop focused competences related to emotional intelligence, change capacity, group work and leadership.
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The TCE would have conferred upon the EU as new 'shared competences' the areas of territorial cohesion, energy, and space. These are areas where the EU may act alongside its individual member states. The EU has conferred upon it as new areas of 'supporting, coordinating or complementary action' the areas of tourism, sport, and administrative co-operation.
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In more recent times, according to the judiciary structure framed in the Brazilian Constitution, judicial power is divided between judicial branch of the states and the Federal judicial branch, and they have different jurisdictions. The prerogatives and duties of judges are the same, the differences being only in the competences, structure and composition of the Courts.
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Inspired by Williams, Bourdieu and Franco Moretti's application of world systems theory to literary studies, it drew on the disciplinary competences of comparative literature, cultural studies, critical theory and sociology to produce a powerfully distinctive mode of analysis, engagement and argument. The concluding chapter is preoccupied with environmentalist thematics occasioned by Milner's growing interest in Green politics.
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The province was created as a specific administration unit within Italy. Although considered as an integral part of Italy, it was treated as a corpus separatum. Unlike other provinces, it was administered by a High Commissioner, appointed by the Italian Government. The High Commissioner had a similar position as prefects in other Italian provinces, but was given wider competences.
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In RFID and RF communication CISC's competences are covering experience in RFID product development, simulation tool development and RFID measurement systems as well as experience in evaluation, modelling, simulation and testing of RFID products and systems. Furthermore, CISC is experienced with RFID trainings and consulting and plays a leading role in RFID standardization (ISO/IEC, EPCglobal and ETSI).
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A geographical distance from the place of birth or the current residence is not required for this form of "Heimatlosigkeit". The feeling of being uprooted can arise due to a changing landscape in a once familiar environment, through new- or reconstruction of buildings and streets, through societal changes and by devaluation of one's acquired competences throughout life.
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Some people (including the Office of the National Council and law consultant of Zuzana Čaputová, Peter Kubina) said, that the president was still Andrej Kiska, but some other people (e. g. protocolist Ladislav Špaček) said that there was no president and other people thought, that Andrej Danko and Peter Pellegrini, the prime minister, were carrying out presidential competences.
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In the new government of Donald Tusk, est. on 16 November 2007, there was no Ministry of Marine Economy, which was abolished and its competences transferred to other ministries. A similar position of Minister of Marine Economy and Waterways (Polish: ') was again created in the Cabinet of Beata Szydło (est. 16 November 2015) and also assigned to Marek Gróbarczyk.
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In 2010, Rüscher obtained certifications to become a project manager, and in 2012 she completed her academic courses in business management. In 2014, she earned her Master of Business Administration degree in General Management Competences at the Danube University Krems. By 2015, she completed university courses in PR and Integrated Communication at the University of Krems.
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After the end of the Prussian monarchy, the provincial or regional diets were all directly elected by the citizens of the provinces (or regions, respectively), with direct elections first held in 1921 and 1922. These parliaments legislated within the competences transferred to the provincial or regional associations. Before the formal establishment of the new Province, the rural and urban district assemblies elected representatives for the Kommunallandtag Posen-West Prussia, legislating within the competences of the former Posen and West Prussia provincial associations and its premises within the territory of the future Posen-West Prussia. After the formal formation of the province, its parliament was called the provincial diet of Posen-West Prussia which elected a provincial executive body (government), the provincial committee (Provinzialausschuss), and a head of province, the Landeshauptmann ("Land Captain").
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After the 2016 cabinet reshuffle, Dolors Montserrat was appointed Minister of Health and one of his first measures was to raise the rank of the Director of the National Transplant Organization to Director-General in order to strengthen this institution. Barely 1 year later after the assumption of Montserrat, the Güertel case that provoked the resignation of minister Mato also provoked in June 2018 the fall of the Rajoy government through a motion of no-confidence driven by the Leader of the Opposition Pedro Sánchez. After the success of the motion, Sánchez appointed Carmen Montón as Health Minister and the Ministry transferred the competences over equality to the Ministry of the Presidency. Montón also strengthen the consumers affairs competences by recovering the Directorate-General for Consumers Affairs and regained universal healthcare for undocumented immigrants.
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It was by the Organic Act of the Judiciary of 1870 that the Prosecution Ministry was officially created. It was regulated in the Title 20 of the Act and consisted in 91 articles which established its nature, organization, competences, uniform and the process ot access in the prosecution career. The original mission of the Ministry wasn't too much different from now: In the 1880s, two new laws are approved that affected the Prosecution Ministry: the Civil Procedural Act and the Criminal Procedural Act. These laws included the prosecutor into both procedures but its competences are very confusing in the Civil Procedural Act, differending it from the rest of the parts of the conflict but, at the same time, equipping it with the Solicitor General (which was no a real part in the process).
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Network Orchestrators Companies' competences rely on: #Intangibles knowledge, for example companies as Gerson Lehrman Group, AlphaSights, Third Bridge or Coleman Research. #Relationships, for example companies as Facebook, Pinterest, or Instagram. #Assets required by people, for example Uber, Airbnb, TripAdvisor, Red Hat, Lyft, or Instacart. #New “non- management” and “non-ownership” competencies related to facilitating a network of individuals, their individual assets and relationships.
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The apportionment of seats to the individual states is recalculated after each census. The power of the Federal Council is rather limited. In most cases it has only has a suspensive veto, which can be overruled by the National Council. In some situations, however, such as for example legislation that imposes limits on the competences of the provinces, Federal Council approval is required.
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The Human Rights Protection Department was created on January 1, 2018, in one month from the appointment of Giorgi Gakharia to the position of the Minister of Internal Affairs. The competences of the Department cover the timely response and effective investigation into the cases such as domestic offenses, violence against women, crimes committed on the ground of discrimination, trafficking, crime by/against juveniles.
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The description of regulations can be found in Article 288 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (formerly Article 249 TEC). > Article 288 To exercise the Union's competences, the institutions shall > adopt regulations, directives, decisions, recommendations and opinions. A > regulation shall have general application. It shall be binding in its > entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.
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Since January 2017 Tarbes is part of the . This was created by the merger of the Communauté d'agglomération du Grand Tarbes with 6 neighbouring Communautés de communes. Grand Tarbes had been created in December 1995 from the former Communauté de communes de l'agglomération tarbaise. The Communauté d'agglomération has competences related to transportation, travellers, culture, sports, environment, the university and the city's policy.
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Große Kreisstadt (, "major district town") is a term in the municipal law (Gemeindeordnung) of several German states. In some federal states the term is used as a special legal status for a district-affiliated town—as distinct from an independent city—with additional competences in comparison with other municipalities of the district. The title is based on sovereign conferment by the state government.
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On the contrary, South Italy holds the record of students graduated with honours: 944 in Apulia, 802 in Campania and 516 in Sicily. About the competences, the report confirms that "the curriculum of this school does not address the world of work, rather it is meant to educate the future ruling class. Apprenticeships involving all students should be nonetheless implemented".
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This professional maps out and organizes all resources available inside the network, i.e., contacts, experiences, success stories, knowledge, competences and business opportunities. They set up long- term partnerships with mutually beneficial gains with each stakeholder inside all business networks. The CNO is concerned with the self-development of each member of the internal network, and qualifying them to reach their goals.
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There were 33 of them, each one at the head of a Généralité, which at first was simply a tax collection district of France, but became more and more a general administration province of the royal government. Subsequently the Intendants saw their powers and competences increased at such a level, that they were nicknamed "the right hand of the King in the province".
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The Era that will follow the present one will be the Brain Age. In this neuroscience will replace the ancient myths that at present shape how people understand themselves. Further, braintech (see below) will arise that enables humans to reshape the competences of their brain. This Era will continue the reshaping of our species that has happened since its origins 120,000 years ago.
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Delgado's mandate was affected by constant quarrelling with civil governor Martín de Salaverría about competences. This condition continued seamlessly during Machado's short term. In October 1783 the term of civil governor de Salaverría ended, and the Spanish government appointed José María Chacón as his successor. Chacón was supposed to be the first governor since 1779 to be civil and military governor in unison.
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Today, the competences of the waqf Ministry encompass, inter alia: the administration of waqf wealth (which includes much of Syria's property);Precise figures are undisclosed by the Syrian authorities. mufti organization;In Syria a mufti is a legal and religious expert (faqih and 'alim) who has the power to give legally non- binding recommendations (sing. fatwa, pl. fatawa) in matters of Islamic law.
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Sortimo Speedwave, a subsidiary of the Sortimo Grundstücks- und Beteiligungs-GmbH was founded in 2000. Sortimo Speedwave is a certified (VDA 6.1 and ISO 9001) development partner and system supplier. Its core competences are with multifunctional interior vehicle products, cargo management, loading room systems and sidewall claddings. Speedwave designs and develops individual and complete solutions throughout a closed processing chain.
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The Tartu Declaration was adopted at the AGM in Tartu (Estonia) in 2006 and was revised in 2013. It is a detailed analysis that states which principles the EJTA members have to respect when training and educating their students and participants. The Tartu Declaration lists ten core competences, each existing of five parts. Every member needs to sign and implement this declaration.
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The assignment of the National Committees is the promotion and coordination for Belgium of the studies of different scientific disciplines that are within their competences mainly from an international point of view. Each National Committee focuses on a specific scientific study. There are 24 committees. Members of these committees are doctors, professors and people working within a specific scientific field.
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Point 4 establishes the euro. Point 5 states the EU shall promote its values, contribute to eradicating poverty, observe human rights and respect the charter of the United Nations. The final sixth point states that the EU shall pursue these objectives by "appropriate means" according with its competences given in the treaties. Article 4 relates to member states' sovereignty and obligations.
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The Assembly has authority to legislate in a field of competences known as "transferred matters". These matters include any competence not explicitly retained by the Parliament at Westminster. Powers reserved by Westminster are divided into "excepted matters", which it retains indefinitely, and "reserved matters", which may be transferred to the competence of the Northern Ireland Assembly at a future date.
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The competences of MoAFWR are as follows: #Setting and implementing the policies for the development and exploitation of agricultural, livestock, and living water resources. #Preparing the draft laws and regulations related to the management and exploitation of agricultural, livestock, and fisheries. #Developing investment in the fields of agriculture, livestock and fisheries. #Conducting research and studies in the field of agriculture, livestock and fisheries.
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An Open Community has been established so that interested parties can collaborate to develop and disseminate the management methodologies applied to the exploitation of Enterprise Cultural Heritage in organisations. The Enterprise Cultural Heritage Open Community was founded by academics and enterprises to shape a methodology for managing Enterprise Cultural Heritage, develop competences, and maintain and enhance the definition of Enterprise Cultural Heritage.
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As part of the agreement, no other region would use the procedure of article 151, but in exchange, all future autonomous communities would be allowed to establish a parliamentary system with all institutions of self-government. These 'autonomic pacts' between UCD and PSOE would later be formalized with the approving by Congress of the Organic Law of Armonization of the Autonomic Process (known by its acronym, LOAPA) in July 1982. The LOAPA provided for the devolution of competences to take place gradually, according to the ability of each region to assume them, so that in the end all of them possessed the same level of competences. The Law, however, was challenged as unconstitutional by the Catalan and Basque nationalists, with 14 out of its 38 articles being later invalidated by the Spanish Constitutional Court in August 1983.
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On that day, the old Federal District became a new State within the Brazilian Federal Republic, under the name of State of Guanabara. Because it was made up of a single city (the city of Rio de Janeiro), the State of Guanabara was the only State in Brazil not divided into municipalities. Therefore, Guanabara was a state, and its State Government discharged both state and municipal competences.
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As in other Autonomous Communities, some competences were not transferred, for example, Justice. The Statute also defines the symbols that should represent the region: The flag, the coat of arms and the anthem of Cantabria. The Parliament of Cantabria Actividad Parlamentaria, Parlamento de Cantabria website; retrieved 9 June 2007. is the principal self-government institution of the Autonomous Community, being the representative body of the Cantabrians.
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All these institutions are based in Brussels. Nevertheless, both types of subdivisions (the Community and the Region) still exist legally and the distinction between both is important for the people living in Brussels. Members of the Flemish Parliament who were elected in the Brussels Region cannot vote on affairs belonging to the competences of the Flemish Region. The official language for all Flemish institutions is Dutch.
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Passing out parade New colours are presented to RMAS, June 2005. Prince Harry (at attention, to left of horse) is on parade. Sandhurst develops leadership in cadets by expanding their character, intellect and professional competences to a level demanded of an Army Officer on first appointment through military training and education.Commissioning Course Royal Military Academy Sandhurst There are three commissioning courses run at the academy.
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Fabrice Leggeri, Executive Director of Frontex, in November 2015. The European Border and Coast Guard Agency is not a new body. It does not replace Frontex and it retains the same legal personality. What the Commission draft Regulation aims to do is to strengthen the mandate of the EU border agency, to increase its competences and to better equip it to carry out its operational activities.
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These local and regional authorities implement nearly 70% of EU legislation. They help ensure the exercise of European democracy and citizenship. Special rights and competences for regions, cities and communities are supposed to enable and preserve diversity of governance at local and regional level. By thinking beyond traditional EU - Member States relations the EU multi-level governance concept further strengthens regional and transnational cooperation.
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The school is certified ISO 9001 and by the ICPC (International Council for Professional Competences) for quality and professionalism. ;The motto of the school:Latin: Feliciter Eveniendi Facultas (The Faculty Needed to Succeed) ;The crest of the school: The book of knowledge is opened on the coat of the Dauphiné. The dagger protects the knowledge from the ignorants or beotians. Laurel leaf for success, oak leaf for wisdom.
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Nowadays, the fashion industry needs experts in digital fashion, equipped with the above-sketched knowledge and competences. Several Bachelor and Master programs in Fashion have in recent years integrated Digital Fashion courses. While there are not (yet) dedicated scientific journals devoted to the topic, several research activities have been done in the field. Among them, a dedicated conference has taken place in 2015 in Seoul, South Korea.
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In most European countries there is a specific curriculum subject on citizenship through which many of these competences are developed; however, research has indicated that it is the level of democracy at school that is the key driver for developing these competences.Benton, T et al. Citizenship Education Longitudinal Study (CELS): Sixth Annual Report. Young people's civic participation in and beyond school: Attitudes, intentions and influences.
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In history, before separating executive and juridical competences, consistories of Lutheran state churches with central executive powers, therefore usually consisting of jurisprudents and clergy, did also function as courts appointed to regulate ecclesiastical affairs."Consistory" (entry), in: American Heritage Dictionary, retrieved on 2 December 2013. At times the consistories were parastatal offices in charge of all (Protestant) denominations (e.g. in Bremen-Verden) or even all religions (e.g.
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He was the son of Ferrante de Gazzuolo and Isabella Gonzaga, and thus a member of the Italian ducal family Gonzaga. He joined the Imperial army. In 1634 he was already colonel of a regiment. He rose quickly through the ranks, partly by his competences, partly by his family name (Eleonora Gonzaga was the Empress of the Holy Roman Empire, wife of Emperor Ferdinand II).
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However, today these ministries are different departments although closely related because the competences of these ministries are complementary, Between 2011 and 2016 it assumed the responsibilities of the Ministry for Public Administrations and between 2016 and 2018 it assumed the functions on the civil service. Currently, the Ministry of Finance name is widely accepted because the Public Treasury is controlled by the Economy Ministry.
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After his athletics career ended, Aouita worked with mixed success as a consultant for numerous sport institutions, as Technical National Manager in Morocco, and National Distance Coach in Australia thanks not only to his fruitful field experience, but also to his academic competences. Now, Aouita is working as Senior Analyst for Al Jazeera Sports channel. Aouita also has a sports clothing company which was established in 2009.
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The most recent definition has been formalized by Javier Perez- Capdevila in 2017, who has written that the competences are fusions obtained from the complete mixture of the fuzzy sets of aptitudes and attitudes possessed by employees, both in a general and singular way. In these fusions, the degree of belonging to the resulting group expresses the extent to which these competencies are possessed.
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The Senate, rather than the judiciary, acted as the tribunal, and could sit in judgement over government officials impeached by the Sejm. The Sejm Tribunal also had competences in cases of crimes against the state. After the Sejm Tribunal's 1828 acquittal of the National Patriotic Society members, Tsar Nicholas reversed the tribunal's verdict and permanently removed the Sejm's competency to hear other such cases.
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In article 98, the constitution establishes the position and competences of the Czech National Bank (CNB). It assign the CNB the role of central bank, with the primary purpose of maintaining price stability. External interventions into its activities must be permitted by law. It was the then-governor of the national bank Josef Tošovský, who requested that the bank's position be incorporated into the Constitution.
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The municipalities get most of their finances from the national government. Partially through the municipal fund in which the national government puts part of its tax income. This money is divided evenly over the municipalities, which can spend it as they see fit. Moreover, municipalities receive earmarked budgets from the national government, with which the municipality can take care of specific competences such as social security.
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A good bilingual law dictionary needs to take the users' expected language and professional competences into account. The lexicographers therefore must consider the following aspects: dictionary user research, dictionary typology, structure, and presentation of the relevant information. When making a law dictionary, the lexicographers attempt to present the information in such a way that the user is not burdened with excessive lexicographic information costs.
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Due to the shortage of the precious resource water and the consequences of the climate change, numerous European policies have been developed and adopted for the protection and sustainable utilisation of water, creating a huge demand in vocational training.Water supply and sanitation in the European Union Economic factors like privatisation and increasing cost pressure in water management are further increasing these educational needs, leading to the demand for VET opportunities and products that are as short and tailor‐made as possible. The situation of vocational training in water management was addressed by the WACOM instrument, which attempted to define the needed competences and qualifications for the different tasks, working places and employees within the water sector. In this way, WACOM strove to lead to a supposed increase in the volume of mobility throughout Europe as well as to a higher transparency and recognition of qualifications and competences.
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On July 11, 1705, King Philip V created a Secretariat for war and treasury matters, called Secretariat of the Dispatch of War and Treasury mainly because of the War of Succession. Once the war was over, in 1714 the Administration was reformed and two secretariats appeared: one dedicated to the Army called Secretariat of the Dispatch of War and another to the Navy called the Secretariat of the Dispatch of the Navy and Indies. The Secretariat of the Dispatch of the Navy and Indies was suppressed in 1715 and the competences over the Navy were transferred to the Secretariat of War. In 1721 the Secretariat of the Dispatch of the Navy was re-created assuming the competences on the naval forces but on 30 January 1776, the Secretariat of the Dispatch of the Indies was recovered assuming the control of the overseas's naval forces.
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Some peripheral nationalists still complain that the creation of many regions was an attempt to break down their own 'national unity' by a sort of gerrymandering, thus blurring the distinctiveness of their own nationalities. Republican Left Party of Catalonia in favor of using the term "nation" to define Catalonia in its Statute of Autonomy As competences were eventually transferred to all communities in roughly the same degree, some nationalists see little practical distinction between "nationality" and "region", regardless of how the autonomous community defines itself, a dilution that is welcomed by some political parties at the national level. In fact, other communities are also identified as "historical nationalities", including Andalusia, Aragon, the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands, and the Valencian Community. Also, most communities that do not enjoy fiscal autonomy—the "common regime communities"—typically tend to follow Catalonia's lead in their demands for more competences or self-government.
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The Ministry of Industry, Trade and Tourism (MINCOTUR) is the department of the Government of Spain responsible for the proposal and execution of the government policy on industry, trade and tourism, including among its competences the industrial development and of the SMEs, the promotion and defense of the industrial property, the commercial policy of internationalization and of investments and external transactions, as well as the politics of tourism and the rest of competences and attributions that the legal system attributes to it. Likewise, in coordination with the Foreign Ministry is responsible for the international cooperation on this matters. The Industry Ministry, along with the Defence Ministry, has an important presence in the military industry. The MINCOTUR supervises the imports and exports of military materials through the Interministerial Regulatory Board on Foreign Trade of Defense Material and Dual Purpose (JIMDDU) of the Secretariat of State for Trade.
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The Autonomy Statute of Cantabria Constitución española: Estatuto de Autonomía de Cantabria. Congreso de los Diputados: España; retrieved 9 June 2007. of 30 December 1981, established that Cantabria has in its institutions the desire to respect fundamental rights and public freedom, at the same time as consolidating and stimulating regional development through democratic channels. This document gathers all competences of the Autonomous Community that were transferred from the Government of Spain.
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Yoko Tsuno is an electrical engineer, who was raised in Japan but now lives in Belgium. She is quite compassionate and has a knack for making friends. Yoko is also a skilled scuba diver, holds a black belt in aikido, and can pilot both gliders and helicopters. This wide range of competences, together with her near-flawless behaviour, makes Yoko fall into the classic category of a competent woman.
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An agent is an autonomous entity having a set of skills to realize the capacities it exhibits. An agent has a set of built-in capacities considered essential to respect the commonly accepted competences of agents, such autonomy, reactivity, proactivity and social capacities. Among these built-in capacities (BIC), is the "behaviors" capacity that determines its global conduct. An agent has also a default behavior directly described within its definition.
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LIIKE combines the competences of companies, teachers and students into innovative development projects based on the demands of companies. For students of KTUAS LIIKE is a new way of learning by developing solutions to real work-related problems. In LIIKE tasks, studying is directly related to the professional working life in the field of study in question. Local companies as customers are really interested in the outcomes of student’s studies.
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The Labour and Social Security Inspectorate (ITSS) is a Spanish autonomous agency in charge of the control of the compliance with labour and social security legislation. It also offers technical advice and, where appropriate, conciliation, mediation and arbitration in these matters. The ITSS is, therefore, the apex of the Labour and Social Security Inspection System. The law defines the matters of competences of the ITSS as "rules of social order".
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There is one assay office in Praha. Assay Office was established by the Czech National Council Law No. 19/1993 Coll., concerning the Administration Authorities of the Czech Republic in the Field of Hallmarking and Precious Metal Testing, from which the Assay Office competences and duties are resulting. The provision of the financing is included in the Law about Hallmarking and Precious Metal Testing (Hallmarking Act), No. 539/1992 Coll.
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The law was based on the Napoleonic civil code and French commercial and criminal law. The official language was Polish. In 1836 the local police force was disbanded and replaced by Austrian police; in 1837 the partitioning powers curtailed the competences of the local courts which refused to bow down to their demands. The Free City of Kraków was the first purely republican government in the history of Poland.
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The Filmoteca de Catalunya did not exist as such until 1981.Filmoteca de Catalunya. More than 30 years conserving and disseminating film heritage Instead, from 1963 to 1981 it was the Spanish Filmoteca's branch in Barcelona. In 1981, once a democratic regime had been re-established in Spain, the Spanish Filmoteca transferred its responsibilities and cultural competences to the Generalitat de Catalunya, which then created the Filmoteca de Catalunya.
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PADI courses are performance-based diver training programs, and at the introductory level emphasize practical knowledge, safety and motor skills. The basics of diving physics and physiology are introduced during entry level programs. The details of these concepts are left for later courses when they are necessary for the required competences of the specific training. These practices fall within current modern learning philosophies and receive regular updates via peer review.
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It was created in 2018 after assuming the competences and office of the High Commissioner of the Government for Brand Spain and was strengthened in 2020 with the addition of duties in the realms of strategy, communications and economic diplomacy. The Secretary of State for Global Spain is appointed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, and reporting directly to her. The current Secretary of State for Global Spain is Manuel Muñiz.
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The Competency Based Curriculum puts emphasis on seven core competences namely; communication and collaboration, critical thinking and problem-solving, creativity and imagination, citizenship, digital literacy, learning to learn and self- efficacy. According to KICD, the traditional curriculum is teacher-centered while the CBC is learner-centered. Learners are constantly accessed on the seven competencies based on the following areas; Meeting Expectations (ME), Approaching Expectations (AE) and Below Expectations (BE).
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Other activities in this borderline category are au pair placements and voluntary work in charitable institutions and organisations, e.g. as financed under the European Voluntary Service. The practice of some companies to send employees abroad in foreign subsidiaries for a period of time in order to acquire specific competences may also be considered under this label. It should be distinguished from employment abroad in general, which is another matter.
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24 quoted as in Al-jarida al-rasmiyya [Official Legal Gazette] Nr. 20, 1961, at 2705 ff. were definitely curtailed in 1965.Al-marsum al-tashri' [Parliamentary Decree] No. 29 of January 28, 1965, art. 1. The competences to nominate leaders and teachers of mosques as well as religious administrators were eventually transferred to the powers of the Syrian Prime Minister in 1966.Id. at No. 24 of April 13, 1966.
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The ultimate goal of context analysis is to develop a strategic plan. The previous sections described all the steps that form the stepping stones to developing a strategic plan of action for the organization. The trend and competitor analysis gives insight to the opportunities and threats in the market and the internal analysis gives insight to the competences of the organization. And these were combined in the SWOT-i matrix.
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This will require competences in finding, classifying and using critically sources of information appropriate to the historical time period, geographical space or phenomena analysed. Students should have at least a basic knowledge of the methodology of related disciplines and an ability to use this interdisciplinary methodological arsenal (e.g. International Relations theories, security studies, comparative political sociology and political science theory). Learners should be able to combine sources of different kinds (e.g.
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The Assembly is based on the principle of power-sharing, in order to ensure that both communities in Northern Ireland, unionist and nationalist, participate in governing the region. It has power to legislate in a wide range of areas and to elect the Northern Ireland Executive (cabinet). It sits at Parliament Buildings at Stormont in Belfast. The Assembly has authority to legislate in a field of competences known as "transferred matters".
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The Autonomous Government is the executive power of the Autonomous Community. As in the Central Government it responds before its parliament (autonomic parliament). The Government directs the Autonomous Administration within its competences. Contrary to what happens with the Central Government, the decisions taken by the Executive are not sanctioned by the King, and it is the President of the Autonomous Community who signs the laws and decisions on his behalf.
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This new ministry assumed the functions of the Secretary of State for Universities and Research that had been created in 1977 within the Ministry of Education and Science, and other administrative bodies of scientific competence, as well as some bodies dependent on the Office of the Prime Minister. In 1980 the National Museum of Science and Technology was created and in 1986 the Carlos III Health Institute and the Center for Energy, Environmental and Technological Research. Pedro Duque, current Minister of Science, Innovation and Universities. Without reaching two years of life, the Ministry was merged again with the Education Ministry and, with different denominations, remained so until in 2000, when the Premier José María Aznar, created the Ministry of Science and Technology that grouped the competences on scientific research of the Ministry of Education, and the competences on technological development of the Ministry of Industry and Energy, including telecommunications; retaining the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport the universities responsibilities.
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This principle has always underpinned the European Union, but it was explicitly specified for the first time in the failed Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe and carried over into its replacement, the Treaty on European Union. It is spelled out fully in Articles 4Wikisource:Consolidated version of the Treaty on European Union/Title I: Common Provisions#Article 4 and 5Wikisource:Consolidated version of the Treaty on European Union/Title I: Common Provisions#Article 5 of the TEU. Both Articles make clear that the Union acts only within the limits of the competences conferred upon it by the Member States, but then state clearly that 'Competences not conferred upon the Union in the Treaties remain with the Member States'. Article 4(1) repeats this and goes on to stipulate that 'The Union shall respect the equality of Member States before the Treaties as well as their national identities, inherent in their fundamental structures, political and constitutional, inclusive of regional and local self-government.
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Since the Italian unification in 1861, policies related to productive activities were made by the Ministry for Agriculture, Industry and Trade, which was eliminated by the Depretis II Cabinet in 1877 and restored by Cairoli I Cabinet in 1878. In 1916, with the Boselli Cabinet, competences on labour and social security were added while the one on agriculture was removed: the dicastery became then the Ministry for Industry, Trade and Labour. In 1920, the Nitti II Cabinet established the Ministry of Labour and Social Security, maintaining the Ministry of Industry and Trade. Several transformations occurred during the Mussolini Cabinet: the Ministry of National Economy was established in 1923 with the merger of the Ministries of Labour and Social Security, of Industry and Trade and of Agriculture, but it was later abolished in 1929 and its competences on agriculture were given to the reconstituted Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, and those related to industry, trade and labour were transferred to the existing Ministry of Corporations.
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The energy policy in Spain has been traditionally bound to the industrial policy and started taking more importance in 1979, when the Ministry of Industry was modified and named Ministry of Industry and Energy. However, it wasn't until 1996 that the energy was granted with its own higher body, the Secretariat of State for Energy and Minieral Resources, assuming the competences of the General Secretariat for Energy and Mineral Resources. The life of this body was very short, being integrated in the Secretariat of State for Industry between 1998 and 2000 and in the Secretariat of State for Economy between 2000 and 2002, both bodies within the Ministry of Economy. In 2002, the competences over economy and over Energy and SMEs split in two Secretariats of State recovering its autonomy for 2 years until the change of government of 2004, when the new prime minister relegated the body to a General Secretariat level within the Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade.
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These parliaments legislated within the competences transferred to the provincial associations. The provincial diet of East Prussia elected a provincial executive body (government), the provincial committee (Provinzialausschuss), and a head of province, the Landeshauptmann ("Land Captain"; till the 1880s titled Landdirektor, land director).In some Prussian provinces the same office continued to be called Landesdirektor also thereafter. Cf. article: "Landesdirektor", in: Der Große Brockhaus: Handbuch des Wissens in zwanzig Bänden: 21 vols.
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During Prussian Partition, Bromberg fell under Prussian law, in particular regarding construction matter, which was organized with a strictly defined hierarchy. On top were builders and architects with great competences and skills, chosen to act as municipal construction councilors. The position of building consultant was one of the most important in the city administration. This advisor participated in almost all areas of Bromberg public life, from security, transport to urban land management and development.
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While the member states are sovereign, the union partially follows a supranational system for those functions agreed by treaty to be shared. ("Competences not conferred upon the Union in the Treaties remain with the member states"). Previously limited to European Community matters, the practice, known as the 'community method', is currently used in many areas of policy. Combined sovereignty is delegated by each member to the institutions in return for representation within those institutions.
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Within the scope of these competences, the union exercises its powers in a sovereign manner, having its own legislative, executive, and judicial authorities. The supranational Community also has a chamber for organised civil society including economic and social associations and regional bodies. Unlike states in a federal super- state, member states retain ultimate sovereignty, although some sovereignty is shared with, or ceded to, the supranational body. The supranational action may be time-limited.
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The VQTS I project received the Helsinki Award 2006 in the "Recognition of competences and qualifications, ECVET" category, and the gold Lifelong Learning Award 2007 for its contributions to the aims of the ‘Copenhagen Process’. The VQTS II project received the "Best Projects 2007" label in ADAM, the project and product portal for Leonardo da Vinci. These projects have strongly contributed to improvements in vocational education and training in Europe in recent years.
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She resigned after three months in office after a degree scandal and María Luisa Carcedo succeeded her. Carcedo continued with the program established by Montón on fight against pseudosciences and recovering the Observatory of Women's Health. A major restructuring occurred in 2020. The Department of Health lost all its competences on consumer affairs and social servicies, that were transferred to the ministries of Consumer Affairs and of Social Rights and 2030 Agenda, respectively.
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In the federal state of Belgium, healthcare is managed by the federal level. The Flemish Government introduced an additional insurance for non-medical care () in 2001, which proved to be controversial and has a relatively long legal history. Healthcare and social security in Belgium is a federal matter, but the special laws of Belgium grants the three communities several competences, such as "assistance to persons".Special law concerning institutional reforms, title 2, art.
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Some words are given a plural with a final 's' in Euro-English, such as 'informations' and 'competences', to match similar words in European languages (such as 'informations' and 'compétences' in French) while this might be seen as incorrect in British or American English. Some words such as 'actor,' 'axis' or 'agent' are given a meaning as wide as in European languages while their meaning would keep a narrower range in native English.
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In Italy dentists complete 6 years of undergraduate study to earn a degree. Nevertheless, it is possible to agree on certain basic clinical competences common to all member states of the European Union. Admission to Dentistry school is regulated by an entrance test, that is the same of Medicine, made of 80 questions about five subjects: biology, chemistry, mathematics, physics and general knowledge. The number of admissions is different in each University.
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André Renard was member of the Consultative Committee, similar in the European Coal and Steel Community, to the Economic and Social Committee. He was president of this Committee from 1954 to 1955, pushing unsuccessfully for more social and economical competences for it (prices and wage setting, investment).Pierre Tilly, André Renard, Liège-Bruxelles, 2005 pp. 478-496, Wolfram Kaiser, Peter Starie, Transnational European Union: towards a common political space, Routledge, 2009, p.114.
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A framework decision was a kind of legislative act of the European Union used exclusively within the EU's competences in police and judicial co-operation in criminal justice matters. Framework decisions were similar to directives in that they required member states to achieve particular results without dictating the means of achieving that result.Lebeck, Carl, Sliding Towards Supranationalism? The Constitutional Status of EU Framework Decisions after Pupino, 8(5) German Law Journal 501 at 507.
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Meanwhile, in 1980 she had joined the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine whose Nutrition Department was then led by Philip Payne."The Guardian, 23rd March 2012" Payne felt the moment was right to embed nutritional competences inside UN agencies in order to judge the human outcomes of all forms of development. Although this did not materialise, the marriage of clinical and social nutrition was very fruitful and this period was formative.
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The idea of the sense and respond organization was first introduced in a 1993 article by Haeckel and Richard L. Nolan in Harvard Business Review, "Managing by Wire".Harvard Business Review, September 1993 The online repository of intellectual capital on the Sense & Respond Post-industrial managerial paradigm provides access to articles, essays, perspectives and updates on the origin, development, theory, principles, competences and application case studies of Sense & Respond as a business concept.
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In 1995-98 Stroymontazh continued building up its competences as a general contractor on residential construction projects for the leading property developers of St. Petersburg, evolving into a full- fledged development company with its own portfolio of investments by 1998-99. By 2000 Stroymontazh had become a corporation. Its portfolio included projects for whole new residential areas in St. Petersburg. It had its own architecture firm and business divisions in construction and building materials.
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The following day, the Tribunal published clarifications on the sentences where the measures that transferred the parliament competences to the Tribunal and Maduro were partially suppressed. Jurists definied the clarifications as illegal, since the Constitutional Chamber cannot make a review of the sentences for being res judicata (claim preclusion). On 1 May 2017, Maduro convenes a Constituent National Assembly based on a disputed interpretation of Articles 347, 348 and 349 of the constitution.
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The expression Anspruch (§ 194 of BGB) - meaning "claim" - has been "cleared" from procedural elements. And this was the time for "founding" the terms formelles / materielles Recht. However, after World War II the expression formelles Recht obviously was found to be "contaminated" and to a broad extent has been replaced by Prozessrecht, narrowing the idea behind it to "law of litigation" (thereby excluding e.g. the law of other procedures and the law on competences).
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Meanwhile, councillors in the Plenary but not part of the Junta de Gobierno (the opposition) will oversee Mayor's rule. The autonomous community of Catalonia is divided in 4 provinces and more than 900 municipalities. Between these two tiers, there are 41 comarques (singular, comarca), roughly equivalent to 'district' or 'county'. The comarca is a commonwealth, or union, of municipalities with competences in several fields (Law 6/1987 of the Parliament of Catalonia).
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According to the 1923 Constitution, The Egyptian Parliament was bi-cameral, made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The constitution also adopted the principle of equal competences for the two houses with some exceptions. All of the members of the House of Representatives were to be elected, for a 5-year term. On the other hand, three-fifths of the Senate members were elected, and the rest were appointed.
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Before the creation of the Brussels-Capital Region, regional competences in the 19 municipalities were performed by the Brussels Agglomeration. The Brussels Agglomeration was an administrative division established in 1971. This decentralised administrative public body also assumed jurisdiction over areas which, elsewhere in Belgium, were exercised by municipalities or provinces. The Brussels Agglomeration had a separate legislative council, but the by-laws enacted by it did not have the status of a legislative act.
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It means the skill to plan and to manage projects to reach objectives, working both individually or collectively. It is characterized by the initiative, the pro-activity, the independence and the innovation. ("Recommendation of the European Parliament and the Council on the 18 December 2006 on key competences for permanent learning "). GAZE takes that definition of sense of initiative' and, along the same lines, it adopts a wide and inclusive entrepreneurship concept.
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Recently there has been developed a European project translated into English, French, Italian, Swedish, German, Bulgarian, Romanian and Spanish, of course. This project is named as TREIN (Training in Emotional Intelligence), and it can be found in a website below. So this Emotional thought method, as well as being appropriate to develop mental health of everyone, is suitable in work training. This is suitable to teach emotional competences to employers as to employees.
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The Ministry of Communications was a department of the Government of Spain active during the Second Republic and the Civil War. Originally, this ministry had powers on the postal service, telegraphs, telephone and radiocommunications. During the first years of the republic its powers gradually growth, assuming competences on aeronautics, navigation and air transport. Subsequently, in closer times to the civil war, the department assumed powers over the merchant marine and other transports.
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The Council was headed by Naczelnik Panstwa (head of state) Józef Piłsudski and its competences were limitless. On the first day of its creation, the new body, following the notion of Prime Minister, created the Volunteer Army. On July 3, the Council issued an appeal to the nation, in which all citizens of the Commonwealth were urged to join the military. The appeal was supported by all political parties, except for Communists.
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In the realm of his competences, de Polier wrote at least nine but unauthorized articles for the Encyclopédie by Diderot and D'Alembert: Kijovn, Liturgie, Logomachie, Magicien, Magie, Malachbelus, Mânes, Maosim and Messie. Voltaire adopted these articles for his Dictionnaire philosophique (1764), but modified extensively passages when they put in question beliefs on a literal interpretation of Scriptures. On April 13, 1744, he married Elisabeth Antoinette Susanne de Lagier-Pluvianes (1722-1769). Both had five daughters and four sons.
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The benefit of her research has led to increased emphasis on the importance of family nursing within the health service both in Iceland and abroad. Erla Kolbrún has also researched family-based services among nurses and midwives, and its interplay with job satisfaction and with skills and competences in family nursing.Svavarsdottir, E. K., Sigurdardottir, A. O., Konradsdottir, E., & Tryggvadottir, G. B. (2018). The impact of nursing education and job characteristics on nurse's perceptions of their family nursing practice skills.
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It also exercises all competences conferred or devolved to the autonomous communities in the Constitution of Spain and assumed by the community itself in its Statute of Autonomy and any other relevant law. The General Junta is integrated by 45 members called "deputies" (in Spanish: diputados) for a period of four years unless it is dissolved by the President of the Principality, who then calls for new elections. The General Junta meets at the Regional Palace in Oviedo.
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Epigraphy overlaps other competences such as numismatics or palaeography. When compared to books, most inscriptions are short. The media and the forms of the graphemes are diverse: engravings in stone or metal, scratches on rock, impressions in wax, embossing on cast metal, cameo or intaglio on precious stones, painting on ceramic or in fresco. Typically the material is durable, but the durability might be an accident of circumstance, such as the baking of a clay tablet in a conflagration.
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On 16 October 2009 Lauvergeon addressed journalists outside the "Women’s Forum" organised in Deauville. She declared: "To be clear, with same competences, sorry, we will choose the woman or something else rather than the white male." She said these words during the France 2 evening news. L'extrême droite critique Lauvergeon This statement generated reaction and was chosen as an example by Éric Zemmour and Marine Le Pen to explain that positive discrimination was a kind of racism.
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In the fifth book (chapt. 3: τωρινὸς τρόπος τοῦ μελίζειν "the contemporary way of chant", pp. 181-192), he also wrote about a certain effect on the auditory that a well- educated musician is capable to create, and about contemporary types of musicians with different levels of education (the empiric, the artistic, and the experienced type). They are worth to be studied, because the role of notation in transmission becomes evident in Chrysanthos' description of the psaltes' competences.
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The promotion competence is specifically relevant for media products belonging to the film, book or music categories as these are individual products. Here a different promotion strategy than promotion of brand identity is needed. Achieving public attention and thus a better market position for media products constitutes the promotion competence. Media enterprises with cross-media utilization competences can provide content to the recipients in a timely manner, in the desired amount and via the right channel.
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As the time passed by the authorities set further goals and competences for ULB within the national and international framework. ULB has become the first library entitled to the legal deposit from the territory of Slovakia, and it is the only one which has kept this tradition since 1919 until today. Library's historical book collections also have the character of a depository collection. Until 1954 ULB in fact fulfilled the tasks of the national library in Slovakia.
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The offering and consultancy comprises several communication disciplines, from brand and conceptual development to event marketing, advertising, design, web and PR. PS Communication employs a full-time staff of 150 in Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmö, Oslo, Copenhagen and Helsinki. Competences range from business consultants and designers to project managers, art directors and copywriters. PS Communication has an international capacity via independent agency networks, Comvort and United Agencies Network. Partners are represented in over 60 countries world-wide.
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4, also Hilari Raguer, El meu J.B. Roca i Caball (1898-1976), [in:] El Matí 29.01.13, available here Eventually, UDC did not field any candidates. Until the July 1936 coup Roca kept advocating Christian Catalanism,In May he was about to enter a commission of the forthcoming Congreso Juridico, entrusted with working out division of competences between Generalitat and Madrid, La Vanguardia 16.05.36, available here; on July 13 he advocated primary education in Catalan, La Vanguardia 14.07.
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DIALANG is an online diagnostic system designed to assess a person's proficiency in 14 European languages.Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Icelandic, Irish-gaelic, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish and Swedish. Competences tested are reading, writing, listening, grammar and vocabulary, while speaking is excluded for technical reasons. DIALANG was designed primarily for European citizens to assess their language abilities in adherence to Europe’s Common European Framework of Reference – CEFR – as a basis for determining language proficiency.
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Terrain capability was one of the core competences of the company. The assembly plants were located in Helsinki, Karis and Hämeenlinna. The company opened a new facility in Mäntyharju for plastic component production in 1977. The decision was influenced by political control; Finland was suffering of high unemployment rate and the government pressed the company board, which was appointed on political grounds, to move production to an area where the unemployment rate was high.Blomberg. pp. 230–231.
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The whole framework will support the European Qualifications Framework for Lifelong Learning and European Classification of Skills, Competences, Qualifications, and Occupations. In East Asia, The World Bank co-sponsored a yearly (two-day) international symposium In October 2017 with South Korea's Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology and the World Bank to support education and ICT concerns for industry practitioners and senior policymakers. Participants plan and discuss issues in use of new technologies for schools within the region.
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Though legally considered as employees, managers are expected to take over management’s responsibility for the workers and for the development of the company. Managers assume essential duties which involve responsibilities, competences and professionalism in the management and implementation of corporate and institutional objectives. Leaders of this type share common sociological characteristics and interests. This is why the European Parliament expressly supported managers’ entitlement to a separate and independent representation not only on national but also on European level.
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Vordingborg campus The International Honours Degree in Teaching is located in the town of Vordingborg on the southwest coast of Zealand. The programme is focused on students who wish to become teachers with an international profile. The programme was developed due to the increased number of international schools worldwide, that is creating a high demand for teachers with intercultural competences. As a response to this demand, University College Absalon developed an honours degree with an international focus.
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The women's competition was discontinued following the RFL revamping the international player pathway process and introducing a National Performance Programme with a focus on talent identification, player skill development, physical competences and the creation of a performance coaching environment in advance of the RFL opening a National Rugby League Centre in Manchester which will provide facilities for the England Women's team to train at. An Origin Game was also introduced to recreate international competition to develop the elite players.
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In order to navigate in its environment, the robot or any other mobility device requires representation, i.e. a map of the environment and the ability to interpret that representation. Navigation can be defined as the combination of the three fundamental competences: # Self-localisation # Path planning # Map-building and map interpretation Some robot navigation systems use simultaneous localization and mapping to generate 3D reconstructions of their surroundings.Fuentes-Pacheco, Jorge, José Ruiz- Ascencio, and Juan Manuel Rendón-Mancha.
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DigiDoc (Digital Document) is a family of digital signature- and cryptographic computing file formats utilizing a public key infrastructure. It currently has three generations of sub formats, DDOC- , a later binary based BDOC and currently used ASiC-E format that is supposed to replace the previous generation formats. DigiDoc was created and is developed and maintained by RIAria.ee Public Key Infrastructure PKI Competences of RIA: Is responsible for the functioning, development and management of the ID card base software.
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Consequently, these results demonstrated a greater acceptance of more believable (80%), than unbelievable (33%) conclusions. Participants also illustrated evidence of logical competences and the results determined an increase in acceptance of valid (73%) than invalid (41%). Additionally, there's a small difference between believable and valid (89%) in comparison to unbelievable and invalid (56%) (Evans, Barston & Pollard, 1983; Morley, Evans & Handley, 2004). It has been argued that using more realistic content in syllogisms can facilitate more normative performance from participants.
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It had the right to control government officials, and could prepare reviews and reports on them to present to the king. It had legislative competences in court and administrative law. It could issue laws on currency, taxation and budget, deal with issues related to military conscription (such as its size), and amend the constitution. It had no legislative initiative, as that belong only to the king; however, the Sejm could issue petitions to the monarch with proposed legislation.
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On the other hand, three fifths of the Senate members were elected, and the rest were appointed. The constitution also adopted the principle of equal competences for the two branches, with some exceptions. The number of members was increased from time to time. The Chamber of Deputies, for example, had 214 members from 1924–1930, then it increased to 235. The number decreased under the 1930 Constitution which continued in effect from 1931–1934 to become 150.
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In Germany, kreisfreie Stadt (literally circle-free city) is the equivalent term for a city with the competences of both the Gemeinde (municipality) and the Kreis (district, literally circle) administrative level. The directly elected chief executive officer of a kreisfreie Stadt is called Oberbürgermeister (literally Superior Burgomaster, in English "Chief Mayor" or "Lord Mayor"). The British counties have no directly corresponding counterpart in Germany. This German system corresponds to statutory cities in Austria and in the Czech Republic.
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Together with the three territorial administrative levels, there is an extremely heterogeneous group of Administrations with a purely instrumental or institutional character (Institutional Administration), dependent on a parent administration. The plurality of territorial administrations allows them to be created with their own administrative legal personality, different from the parent administration, for the exercise of certain competences. Unlike the parent or creative administration, which has a political character, the instrumental or institutional administration has a strong bureaucratic character.
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In order to reinforce and improve the offer, 80 accompanying jobs have been created in 2012 to help companies formulate their transition strategies towards green construction and allow for time to implement them. Specific help for firms has been put in place via roundtables on EEA jobs, contractor clubs and awareness and vulgarization campaigns. Trainings are organized for various audiences. The objective is to integrate new competences linked to green jobs in training repositories, teaching programs, and trainers' training.
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He served as an adviser to the United Nations Operation in Mozambique in the early 1990s, his first job outside the Netherlands. Between 1995 and 1997, he worked in the private office of Hans van den Broek, who was then the Dutch European commissioner and had shared responsibility for foreign policy. During that time, one of his tasks was defining the EU’s competences on foreign policy.Cynthia Kroet (March 5, 2015), Bert Koenders: The alternative European Voice.
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Recent governments (such as Verhofstadt I Government) have transferred certain federal competences to the regional governments. On 13 December 2006, a spoof news broadcast by the Belgian Francophone public broadcasting station RTBF declared that Flanders had decided to declare independence from Belgium. The 2007 federal elections showed more support for Flemish autonomy. All the political parties that advocated a significant increase of Flemish autonomy increased their share of the votes and seats in the Belgian parliament.
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The Ministry of Communications is a unique department of the Second Spanish Republic. It has been not use in any other time. It was created on 15 April 1931, a day after the proclamation of the republic, and it assumed the powers of the Directorate-General for the Postal Service and Telegraphs of the Ministry of Home Affairs. From this ministry also assumed the competences relating the link between the Government and the Compañía Telefónica Nacional de España.
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It served as the fundamental political institution of the Lordship during the 18th Century. In 1645 the Particular Regiment changed its name to Diputación General and were granted autonomy from the General Regiment. It was formed by seven members; six general members and one president, who was the corregidor. Its function was to govern the Juntas Generales, the Diputación had competences in military and financial issues, as well as the maintenance of the roads and charities.
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The Pécs Model of School Social Work is a model for social work that was developed in the city of Pécs, Hungary, by INDIT Közalapítvány, a Hungarian non-governmental organisation. The model is aimed at helping pupils acquire social competences. According to this model, the school social worker gets and keeps in touch both with the child, the family and the school. Within the Pécs model the school social worker is employed by an NGO independent from the school.
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Competences and powers at voivodeship level are shared between the voivode (governor), the sejmik (regional assembly) and the marshal. In most cases these institutions are all based in one city, but in Kuyavian-Pomeranian and Lubusz Voivodeship the voivode's offices are in a different city from those of the executive and the sejmik. Voivodeship capitals are listed in the table below. The voivode is appointed by the Prime Minister and is the regional representative of the central government.
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Along with separating the Empire's capital (the city of Rio de Janeiro) from the Province of Rio de Janeiro, the 1934 Additional Act put an end to the direct administration of the Province of Rio de Janeiro by the Imperial Government under the responsibility of the Minister for the Empire. Thus, from 1834 onwards, the Province of Rio de Janeiro, with its capital in Niterói, was governed under the same system that applied to the other Provinces of the Empire: the Executive authority was vested in a province president, appointed by the emperor, who served alongside an elected Provincial Legislative Assembly. After this 1834 reform, however, the Province of Rio de Janeiro had no jurisdiction over the city of Rio de Janeiro, that was a separate political entity as the Neutral Municipality, not belonging to any Province. Within the Neutral Municipality, the imperial government, in addition to discharging the competences of the central government, directly discharged, with regard to the city of Rio de Janeiro, the competences that were proper to provincial governments.
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We can focus on the many differences between apprentices and placements in Europe. And we can continue to question the importance of experience abroad for apprentices and other young people in IVET, who often work in small and medium-sized enterprises with a regional focus. However. the reality is that experience of mobility provides apprentices and IVET students with particular competences over and above those obtained from the vocational curriculum including communicative, social, meaning-related and change-related skills. These critical competences benefit the individual apprentice and IVET student personally and they are also likely to make them more employable. Within this discourse, the rationale for the activity lies in the use of placements abroad as a didactic tool to equip participants with so called “key skills” that enable them to cope with the constant changes in occupational profiles, work organisation and career paths arising as a consequence of globalisation and technological change. This corresponds to a focus on education and training as a motor for economic growth, and the aims of the Lisbon-declaration concerning the creation of a ’Europe of knowledge’.
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The adoption of the first Statutes of Autonomy in Catalonia and the Basque Country led to the first regional elections in 1980, which gave a plurality to nationalist parties (CiU and PNV) and to disappointing results for UCD. Both Statutes were approved by the Catalan and Basque citizens through referendums with wide margins, complying with the procedure provided in article 151 of the Constitution for the "fast route" of accessing to autonomy, which allowed for an immediate assumption of full competences. The article 151 procedure was initially thought just for the three "historical nationalities" that had approved a "Statute of Autonomy" of its own during the Second Spanish Republic – namely, the Basque Country, Catalonia and Galicia (which would see its own Statute approved in 1981) – while the rest would accede to autonomy via article 143, assuming fewer powers through a slower and longer process and maybe not even establishing institutions of self-government. Andalusia representatives, however, were firmly opposed to this and demanded for their region the maximum level of competences granted to the "historical nationalities".
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The Government of Spain () is the central government which leads the executive branch and the General State Administration of the Kingdom of Spain. It is also commonly referred to as the Government of the Nation,Article 24 of the Government Act of 1997. In its sentences about competences, the Constitutional Court use the term "Government of the Nation" (it can be saw it at BOE). Political parties, especially right-wing parties and also the left-wing PSOE, often use it.
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Albania has experienced different models of governance, including an international protectorate, a monarchy, a state-party regime and the parliamentary republic as well. Throughout all this period the function of the president of Albania and head of state has been exercised in various forms. The first government after the independence was headed by Ismail Qemali, who also enjoyed the competences of the head of state. On 6 February 1914, Prince Wilhelm Wied was appointed as head of state by the Ambassadors Conference.
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Since December 1988, the Sport Fishing Festival is held here annually at the Lobos Fishing Club, which was founded in 1945.. Various competences were declared by City Tourism Interest, the Province and the Nation. In this contest different activities are carried out, and on conclusion, the Queen of Fishing is selected. A music show is regularly held on a stage erected over the water. The Lagoon sports its own boats and a 150-meter long wharf, restaurants, grills, public telephones, etc.
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The International Doctorate in Translation Studies seeks to promote doctoral programs all over the world based on the conviction that they are a major means of advancing scholarship in the discipline. Translation research is regarded as a broad field encompassing translation, interpreting, audiovisual translation, localization and adaptation. The network's agenda appears on its Foundation Document. The document outlines the objectives of a doctoral program in Translation Studies and the activities required so that students in these programs can acquire the necessary competences.
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Interpersonal status hierarchy :When groups of people interact, some people are given more social esteem and influence than others. The emergence of these differences creates a hierarchy within the group. Status beliefs :"Widely held cultural beliefs that link greater social significance and general competences, as well as positive and negative skills, with one category of social distinction compared to another" (Ridgeway, 2001 p. 638). Diffuse status characteristics :A cue that indicates a person belongs to a particular social group (e.g.
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After the Spanish transition to democracy, Social Security competences passed in 1977 to the newly created Ministry of Health, although Labour Ministry recovered them in 1981. In 1978 the National Employment Institute was created. Later, the creation in 1988 of the Ministry of Social Affairs meant the loss of social policies. Nevertheless, both Departments merged in 1996, after the electoral victory of the Popular Party, assigning itself for the first time the organisms Institute of the Woman and Institute of the Youth.
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Education for Employment and Human Development is regulated by law 1064 of 2006 and the 2888 decree of 2007. It provides a degree of technical education: skills and talents to improve the level of subsistence. Education for employment involves technical skills for work through the formation of "labor competences", which is a Colombian strategy to standardize and certify human resource, expanding and diversify the formation and training of human resources. It includes the education provided by the enterprises to their employees.
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The judiciary, complete with trial courts, appeals courts and a supreme court, operates in the same areas. As a government-in-exile, many branches of government do not fully function, and has affected the constitutional roles of the institutions. Institutions parallel to government structures also have arisen within the Polisario Front, which is fused with the SADR's governing apparatus, and with operational competences overlapping between these party and governmental institutions and offices. A 2012 report mentioned the existence of the Sahrawi Bar Association.
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Nives Odak is a fictional character on Croatian soap opera Ruža vjetrova (Wind fall). The character is played from the show's debut on August 29, 2011 by actress Nives Ivanković.First appearance She is described as a woman from the country with no manners, but due to her talents and competences in business, she, along her brother Stipe, has gotten very rich, although has preserved her rural woman's attitude and behavior. Originally built as an antagonist, she eventually became the series' breakout character.
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Furthermore, the SEAEX is in charge of international issues like terrorism, security, construction of and maintainment of peace, non-proliferation and nuclear disarmament and human rights. Most of the European Union and rest of Europe competences are assumed by the Secretary of State for the European Union, with the exception of those for Eastern Europe. The SEAEX is also responsible for the foreign policy regarding Ibero-America, the Caribbean, the Maghreb, Africa, the Mediterranean, the Middle East, North America, Asia and the Pacific.
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Therefore, competences over Telecommunications were transferred to the Minister of Housing, retaining Holliday as Chairman of Gibtelecom.Vinet becomes new Minister for Telecoms, Gibraltar Chronicle, 29 October 2010 Tim Bristow was the first CEO, a post had held since the company's foundation in 2001, before he stepped down at the end of 2018.Gibtelecom CEO Tim Bristow to step down at end of year, GBC, 12 October 2018 Previously, he was the Financial Secretary of Gibraltar, a post he held for several years.
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The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Belgium was established by the first government of the independent country, on 26 February 1831. At the time, the Foreign Affairs administration existed next to the ministries of War, Finances, Interior and Justice. Over the years, the competences of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs will evolve in keeping with the constitutional changes that Belgium underwent. Alongside the development of the central administration, Belgium's first diplomatic missions are opened in London and Paris, in 1831.
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This pillar also measures learning outcomes from traditional core disciplines such as math, science and reading in secondary schools, as well as completion and attainment rates for post-secondary education. The learning to know pillar covers the majority of the political priorities related to education as stated by European member states.European Council and European Commission. Key competences for a changing world: Draft 2010 joint progress report of the Council and the Commission on the implementation of the Education & Training 2010 work programme.
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The Solicitor General and the Directorate General of Registries and Notaries were directly attached to the Minister and the Secretary of State assumed the competences over international legal cooperation. In 2015, the Office of Asset Recovery and Management (ORGA) was created and assigned to the Secretary of State. As of 2018, the powers of the ORGA are assumed by the Secretary-General for the Administration of Justice (SGAJ). In 2020, the new justice minister, Juan Carlos Campo, renamed all the Ministry's departments.
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A twofold necessity ensued, on the one side, to put into the field collaborations crucial to bringing together the financial resources and technological competences required by an increasingly sophisticated production in the area of materials, electronics and safety systems and, on the other, to identify areas of specialisation in which to play a leading role at a worldwide level. The programme of refinement and improvement of quality control was a strategic factor that gave rise to Fiat Aviazione's success during those years.
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On 25 July 2014 Annemie Turtelboom (Open VLD) resigned as Minister of Justice to become Viceminister- president and Flemish minister of Finances, Budget and Energy. She was succeeded as minister of Justice by Maggie De Block (Open VLD). On 12 September 2014 Philippe Courard (PS) resigned as Secretary of State for Social Affairs, Families, Disabled Persons and Scientific Policy in order to become leader of the PS faction in the Walloon Parliament. His competences were taken over by Minister Laurette Onkelinx (PS).
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The work of ISS MoD is under constant oversight, emphasizing the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, legality, and professional competences. ISS is overseen by the Parliamentary Oversight Commission, the Government, the Court of Audits and Budget Supervision Office, the public, and the Information Commissioner. Apart from the external oversight, the ISS is also subject to internal oversight. It is mandatory for ISS to report to the Parliamentary Oversight Commission about its general activities every four months or more frequently, if necessary.
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Trainees learn many different entrepreneurship skills5 such as Administration skills, Accountancy, Computer- based skills (ICT), Human resources management, Marketing and Sales, Purchasing, Business planning, International trade, and Time management. In addition, they also develop the necessary competences to become a better employee or entrepreneur, such as teamwork, problem solving, taking responsibility and developing self-initiative. Because of the international nature of the programme, trainees also learn about intercultural differences when doing business and additionally they have the opportunity to increase their language skills.
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In its program for the European election of 2019 the People's Party proposes to abolish the European Commission, reduce the number of European parliamentarians and fight against the worker-posted directive. For this party, European Union must be led by a president elected by universal suffrage with clear but limited competences. It also wants to renegotiate the European Union treaties, restrict the judicial activism of the European Court of Human Rights. It declares itself against the Global Compact for Migration.
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The Minister for Finances () is a position in the Government Council of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Among other competences, the Minister for Finances is responsible for overseeing the public finances, including the budget. The position of Minister for Finances has been in continuous existence since the promulgation of Luxembourg's first constitution, in 1848. Since 24 March 1936, the title of Minister for Finances has been an official one, although the position had been unofficially known by that name since its creation.
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In Belgium, an ordinance (, ) is a form of legislation passed by the Brussels Parliament in exercise of its regional competences and by the United Assembly of the Common Community Commission. In principle, ordinances have the same legal force as laws and decrees, but the Federal Government has the authority to suspend ordinances if, in its view, it could jeopardise the role of Brussels as the capital of Belgium or the international role of Brussels, sometimes seen as the "capital of the European Union".
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Ministry of Economic Cooperation with Foreign Countries () was a Polish government administration office, its tasks included implementation of state policy and coordination of activities in the field of economic, trade and scientific and technical relations with foreign countries. The Ministry was established by the Act on the Establishment of the Office of the Minister of Foreign Economic Cooperation of 23 October 1987. The tasks and competences of the liquidated ministry were incorporated into the Ministry of Economy and the Ministry of Treasury.
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The University Library offers its users many services, including a number of services for researchers; bibliometrics and registration of research, and there are contact librarians for all institutes and centres. Furthermore, the library offers e.g. course resources and Libguides, and provides many courses for users on information searching and academic conduct in various connections. The library, together with a number of other units and academic milieus at SDU, has also established a Learning Commons, where students can get help with generic academic competences.
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The Kingdom of Castile conquered and incorporated the islands during the 15th century, although there were indigenous uprisings in later centuries.Juan Bethencourt Alfonso, Historia del Pueblo Guanche, vol. 3. The Canaries acquired various special competences and privileges (fueros),Abreu Galindo, Historia de La Conquista de las siete Islas de Canaria ("Que todas las franquezas y libertades que tenían, se le guardarían"). including a tier of local government called cabildos insulares (island councils), which still exists and is now unique in Spain.
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MAPS users create reflections in a blog or learner diary which can include action plans, abilities, achievements, experiences and thoughts. Each blog entry can then be mapped to a portfolio activity which can be assigned by another person from an institution to which the user belongs. An electronic portfolio activity is made up from a number of objectives, criteria or competences. Evidence mapped to a portfolio task can in turn be mapped to these criteria using the Red Pen tool.
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The Civil Court consists of the civil chambers of the Court of First Instance. Each civil chamber consist of one or of three judges. The Civil Court deals in first instance with civil cases that exceed the competences of the justice of the peace, but it also hears appeals against decisions of justices of the peace in civil cases if the amount involved exceeds 1,240 euro. If the amount involved doesn't exceed this amount, no appeal against the decision of the justice of the peace is possible.
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After the 2007 Belgian federal elections, in the cabinet reshuffle of 28 June 2007, Crevits took over the competences of Kris Peeters in the Flemish Government as Flemish minister of Public Works, Energy, the Environment and Nature. After the 2009 regional elections she became Flemish minister of Mobility and Public Works in the Peeters II Government. After the 2014 elections, she became the Vice-Minister-President and Minister of Education in the Bourgeois Government. Since 9 May 2016 she has also been mayor of Torhout.
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IBEI is chaired by Narcís Serra, Spanish economist and politician who served, among other positions, as Mayor of Barcelona (1979-1982), Minister of Defense of Spain (1982-1991) and Vice President of Spain (1991-1995). The Director of the Institute is Jacint Jordana, Professor of Political Science at the Pompeu Fabra University. His research efforts are focused on the analysis of comparative public policy, regulatory policies and institutions. The Board is the main governing body of the Foundation, while the Scientific Council is responsible for academic competences.
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In order to make project management effective, the managers use risk management tools. It is necessary to assume the measures referring to the same risk of the project and accomplishing its objectives. The project risk management (PRM) system should be based on the competences of the employees willing to use them to achieve the project’s goal. The system should track down all the processes and their exposure which occur in the project, as well as the circumstances that generate risk and determine their effects.
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The VQTS project was closely aligned with the aims of the Copenhagen Process wherein the EU countries declared their willingness to foster employability and lifelong learning in Europe by strengthening cooperation and increasing mobility in vocational education and training (VET). According to the ‘Copenhagen Process’, it should be possible to utilise competences acquired through formal, non-formal and informal learning throughout Europe. The VQTS model is one of the best instruments to implement ECVET and increase the (international) transparency and comparability of qualifications and training offers.
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There has been organized Islamic religious life in Macedonia since the time when Ottoman Empire started administering this region. All(Sunni) Muslims who lived in the Ottoman Empire were part of the Muslim community headed by the sultan, who replaced the role of the caliph. During the reign of the Sultan Murad II the competences of the caliph were transferred to the grand mufti. Since then, the grand mufti was titled Sheykhul-Islam and was considered the highest religious authority within the Ottoman Empire.
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The first minister was Hans Lukaschek, member of the Bundestag for the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and former president of the Zentralverband vertriebener Deutscher, an organisation of displaced Germans. Before the war he was responsible for organising propaganda against the Poles in Upper Silesia.T. Hunt Tooley, "National identity and Weimar Germany: Upper Silesia and the eastern border, 1918–1922", U of Nebraska Press, 1997, pg. 176 He had eight successors, until in 1969 the ministry was dissolved and its competences were distributed among other federal ministries.
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This provision established a protection and respect for the historical rights of the territories that had fueros, "charters", "privileges" or "jurisdictions", which were to be "updated" within the framework of the constitution. These territories were Álava, Gipuzkoa, Biscay and Navarre. The first three joined to form the autonomous community of the Basque Country, whereas Navarre was constituted itself as the Chartered Community of Navarre. The charters that were recognized and updated grant them specific competences not recognized in other autonomous communities, most notably, fiscal autonomy.
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He has also acted as an external advisor to UK Government departments on important EU legal developments, including discussions about the enactment of the European Union Act 2011, as well as the Review of the Balance of Competences Between the UK and the EU. Additionally, he has acted as a fact checker for BBC News "Reality Check" service during the Brexit referendum. He is a joint editor of the Common Market Law Review, a bi-monthly, peer-reviewed law journal covering European Union law.
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Mineur occupied the third place on the Socialist Party list for the European Parliament elections of 2014, the party obtained two seats with Mineur elected on the basis of 52,000 preferential votes. Hereby she won the seat over Eric Smaling. In her campaign she criticized the transfer of competences over issues such as pensions and social rent to the European Union. In the European Parliament she was member of the Committee on International Trade and member of the Delegation to the Cariforum — EU Parliamentary Committee.
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They help governments monitor changes in learning outcomes over time and highlight inequalities in learning achievement among population groups. By identifying correlates of learning outcomes and by providing a deeper insight on how a range of variables interact, LSLA data also provide better understanding of the dynamics behind the performance of education systems. They inform the design of policies and strategies aimed at improving student knowledge and competences as well as equity in learning. LSLAs are designed and implemented to meet a certain level of standards.
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Orocapital is a goldsmith exhibition, conceived in 1986 by the Consorzio Oro Italia by Giovanni Perrone. The combination of competences and experiences, together with the professionalism of each of its members, enabled the consortium to be become a landmark in the goldsmith’s field, acknowledged for its quality, competence and reliability. The consortium's office is located in Florence. Great attention is paid to the evolution of the goldsmith’s market – both at European and at world level – but, above all, to the Made in Italy promotion.
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With this ministry, the Secretariat of State was renamed Secretariat of State for the Information Society and Digital Agenda. Two years later, in 2018, a change in the government provoked that the competences over telecommunications were transferred to the Ministry of Economy and the Secretariat of State was renamed Secretariat of State for Digital Progress. In 2020, the position of Secretary of State for Digitization and Artificial Intelligence was created and it assumed some responsibilities. This new position also assumed the oversight for Red.
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The main tasks of Higher and Professional Education are to contribute, in agreement with Research Areas, Strategic Programs and Partners & Front-End Function, to the improvement of ISMB offer for post-university and professional education, in terms of quality, effectiveness and economic sustainability; to strengthen the links with external bodies (public and private) that are potential customers or recipients of the educational actions; to participate in the preparation of project proposals; to elaborate innovative educational models, based on the technological competences of the Institute.
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An indirect predecessor of the federal office existed already in the Weimar Republic from 1920 to 1929, the Federal Commissioner for Monitoring of the Public Order. In the course of drafting the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany the military governors of the Trizone outlined the competences of federal police and intelligence (Polizeibrief of 14 April 1949). In accordance with this outline the BfV was established on 7 November 1950. At first the BfV was mostly concerned with Neo-Nazism and communist revolutionary activities.
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The competences of MOE are as follows: #Drawing and implementing studies, plans, and policies for ensuring the optimum exploitation of oil and gas wealths. #Managing and supervising the surveys necessary for the oil and gas resources and managing and supervising the economic studies necessary for any project relating to their exploitation. #Supervising all the activities relating to the exploration, excavation, and production of oil and gas by concession holding companies. #Studying international oil and gas markets to develop marketing policies for the production of oil and gas.
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The National Plan for Occupational Health and Safety had a short life, since in 1976 the Social Service for Health and Safety at Work was created by the Ministry of Labour, which replaced the National Plan in all its functions and competences. The National Institute for Occupational Medicine and Safety, the National School for Occupational Medicine and the OSME were also integrated into the Social Service; that is to say, all the organisms on which the Occupational Medicine and Medical Services for Enterprises depended.
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The State of Autonomies, as established in Article 2 of the constitution, has been argued to be based on four principles: willingness to accede to autonomy, unity in diversity, autonomy but not sovereignty of the communities, and solidarity among them all. The structure of the autonomous communities is determined both by the devolution allowed by the constitution and the competences assumed in their respective Statutes of Autonomy. While the autonomic agreements and other laws have allowed for an "equalization" of all communities, differences still remain.
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The city may or may not be divided into "city municipalities". Six cities, Belgrade, Novi Sad, Niš, Požarevac, Užice and Vranje comprise several municipalities, divided into urban and suburban areas. Competences of cities and their municipalities are divided. Of those, only Novi Sad did not undergo the full transformation, as the newly formed municipality of Petrovaradin exists only formally; thus, the City municipality of Novi Sad is largely equated to City of Novi Sad (and the single largest municipality in the country, with around 300,000 residents).
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A special law, or qualified majority law, is a type of legislation in Belgium which requires a qualified majority in both chambers of the bicameral Belgian Federal Parliament to be adopted, amended or repealed. The Belgian Constitution determines which laws require a qualified or special majority. Special laws are primarily used in institutional matters and in matters concerning the competences of the communities and regions of Belgium. One of the best known examples is the Special Law of 8 August 1980 on the Reform of the Institutions.
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FRUCT Association is an incubator of competences and new businesses developed in research cooperation of universities and industry. The main aim of FRUCT projects is gradual establishment of cooperation and long-term partnership between the member teams.Nokia highlighted in St. Petersburg. Initiatives WidSets and FRUCT // SPbIT FRUCT Association actively involves in research process undergraduates and PhD students,Initiative FRUCT — general description // Studying process in IT — HabraHabr helps in formation of research communities in IT and ICT areas and promotes prestige of research career among young people.
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The executive powers are attributed to the government (German: Landesregierung; Italian: Giunta Provinciale) headed by the Landeshauptmann Arno Kompatscher. He belongs to the South Tyrolean People's Party, which has been governing with a parliamentary majority since 1948. South Tyrol is characterized by long sitting presidents, having only had two presidents between 1960 and 2014 (Silvius Magnago 1960–1989, Luis Durnwalder 1989–2014). A fiscal regime allows the province to retain a large part of most levied taxes, in order to execute and administer its competences.
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Secondary education is based on basic education and divided into general secondary education, provided by upper secondary schools, and vocational secondary education, provided by vocational educational institutions. General secondary education constitutes a set of knowledge, skills and competences, set out in the national curriculum for upper secondary schools, the acquiring of which is the precondition for further studies at universities and vocational educational institutions. Upper secondary education is not mandatory. General secondary education is acquired at the gymnasium (in Estonian "gümnaasium"), which is an upper secondary school.
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The framework of training is divided into four areas of competence. The first three competences are relevant to all magistrates, and the fourth is only applicable to chairmen, or chairtakers as they are also known. The four areas of competence are: #Managing yourself – which focuses on the basic aspects of self-management in respect to preparing for court, conduct in court and ongoing learning. #Working as a member of a team – which focuses on the team aspect of the decision making process in the magistrates' court.
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The Church Senate prepares bills and may issue ordinances within the scope of church laws passed by the synod. The church senate proposes up to three candidates for the bishop elections, it appoints the regional bishops and supervises them, it appoints ten members of the synod, it appoints the presidents and vice-presidents of the church office, chooses the Church of Hanover delegates for the Evangelical Church in Germany meetings, it demarks the competences of the bishop, the regional bishops, and the church office.
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Brazil's provinces became States, and the Neutral Municipality became the Federal District (Distrito Federal in Portuguese), with the city of Rio de Janeiro continuing to be the Nation's capital. The old Province of Rio de Janeiro became the State of Rio de Janeiro (retaining Niterói as its capital), and it continued to be an entity completely separate from the city of Rio de Janeiro. While in the imperial era the central government retained the provincial-level functions and the Neutral Municipality discharged only municipal functions, in the new Federal Republic, the Federal District discharged all municipal competences and most competences of a state, except as otherwise provided by the Federal Constitution or by Federal Laws; it elected senators and federal deputies as if it were a state. However, the Federal Government of the newly created Republic assumed the power of appointing the city's executive leaders, and the power to elect the municipal executive of the Republic's capital was only given to the people decades after the capital of Brazil had been transferred from Rio to Brasília, while in the imperial period the leadership of the municipality was elected by popular vote.
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The international cooperation and development policy of Spain exists since the Francoist Spain and the relations with Latin America since the independence of their current states. During the first years of democracy, the competences over this matters were attached to bodies with the rank of directorate-general or less, however, the socialist government of Felipe Gonzalez decided in 1985 to create the current Secretariat of State with the aim to get an "effective cooperation with all the peoples of the Earth", a mandate collected in the preamble of the Spanish Constitution (Constitution § Preamble). Although international cooperation for development is destined for countries around the world, due to historical and cultural ties most of this Spanish cooperation goes to Latin America and the former Spanish territories of Africa like Equatorial Guinea, Morocco or Western Sahara, and also to Asian countries such as the Philippines, also former Spanish territories. The most significant change since its creation was in 2004, when the competencies of the foreign policy of Spain in Ibero-American were transferred to the Secretariat of State for Foreign Affairs, competences that were recovered in very late 2011.
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The method involved in "Emotion to Know" does not frame learning in fragmented exercises, but rather in complex and articulated activities, with a strong association at an affective level, involving more concepts, more competences, and more abilities that are not only potential, but realized. The ways of knowing, the experiences, the education, the knowledge, and the didactics are not presented in a superficial and linear way like the shot of a gun, but are systemic, contextualised, articulated, and complex like the flight of a butterfly. It is an educational and didactic method that does not place experiences, learning, and notions in a superficial rational relation, but rather into a psycho-affective-relational one where learning is essentially a qualitative maturation of the experience, specifically designed to arouse the emotion to know and desire to exist including the competences to solve new and unexpected problems. Interventions in Special Education characterised by the Emotion to Know method aim to link learning to the consciousness and to discover the power of one's own body, through which it is possible to operate on objects, on others, and on the world.
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In some ways, this led to the slippery slope of increasing a lawyer's ability to choose within the legal sphere leading to corruption. Rubin, Avi, Ottoman Nizamiye Courts: Law and Modernity, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011, page 117-20. With regards to this pluralism, law professor Lee Epstein states that, "In an attempt to clarify the division of judicial competences, an administrative council laid down that religious matters were to be handled by religious courts, and statute matters were to be handled by the Nizamiye courts."Epstein, Lee; O'Connor, Karen; Grub, Diana.
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The 1934 Catalan local elections were held on 14 January to elect the municipal councils in all the 1,029 municipalities of Catalonia. These elections were only held in Catalonia, as the 1932 Statute of Autonomy devolved the competences on local elections to the Generalitat de Catalunya. These were the first and only election to be organised by the Catalan Government, since this administration was suppressed by the Dictatorship of Francisco Franco in 1939, after winning the Spanish Civil War. The following free local elections weren't held until 1979, during the transition to democracy.
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Several Flemish parties still advocate for more Flemish autonomy, some even for Flemish independence (see Partition of Belgium), whereas the French-speakers would like to keep the current state as it is. Recent governments (such as Verhofstadt I Government) have transferred certain federal competences to the regional governments. On 13 December 2006, a spoof news broadcast by the Belgian Francophone public broadcasting station RTBF announced that Flanders had decided to declare independence from Belgium. The 2007 federal elections showed more support for Flemish autonomy, marking the start of the 2007–2011 Belgian political crisis.
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Epigraphists are responsible for reconstructing, translating, and dating the trilingual inscription and finding any relevant circumstances. It is the work of historians, however, to determine and interpret the events recorded by the inscription as document. Often, epigraphy and history are competences practised by the same person. An epigraph or epigram is any sort of text, from a single grapheme (such as marks on a pot that abbreviate the name of the merchant who shipped commodities in the pot) to a lengthy document (such as a treatise, a work of literature, or a hagiographic inscription).
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Luis Durnwalder has been governor of South Tyrol from 1989 until 2014. The local government system is based upon the provisions of the Italian Constitution and the Autonomy Statute of the Region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol. The 1972 second Statute of Autonomy for Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol devolved most legislative and executive competences from the regional level to the provincial level, creating de facto two separate regions. The executive powers are attributed to the provincial government (German: Landesregierung; Italian: Giunta Provinciale) headed by the Landeshauptmann Arno Kompatscher, who has been in power since 2014.
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These would be the responsibility of a new single "centre of excellence" in the form of a "teaching quality academy". In response to this, the HEA was formed, and commissioned by the UK's education funding councils and Universities UK to develop the new standards. These became known as the "UK Professional Standards Framework" or "UKPSF". The framework has two elements: the "descriptors" which describe higher education roles and the associated competences, and the "dimensions of practice" which describe the activities, core knowledge and professional values expected of practitioners.
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This included 88 communities with a population of less than 1000, down to Gramos with just 28 inhabitants. With the territorial reforms of the 1990s, Greece has been cited as the first southern European country to follow a coercive top-down approach for territorial reforms, an approach rather typical for northern European countries. Though strengthened by the 1990s reforms, the prefectural second-tier level however did not meet expectations. Largely subverted by an uncoordinated but convergent anti-reform opposition, the reformed prefectures lost a number of important competences following court decisions.
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The Basic Law has been amended 50 times as of 2003. Important changes to the Basic Law were the re-introduction of conscription and the establishment of the Bundeswehr in 1956. Therefore, several articles were introduced into the constitution, e.g., Art. 12a, 17, 45a-c, 65a, 87a-c GG. Another important reform were the introduction in 1968 of emergency competences, for example Art. 115 Paragraph 1 GG. This was done by a grand coalition of the two main political parties CDU/CSU and SPD and was accompanied by heated debate.
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Inclusive entrepreneurship is about a set of attitudes, competences and skills which allow people to turn their dreams into concrete projects or “enterprises” and then see these through to fruition. It is about more than starting an individual business. Inclusive entrepreneurship can be applied to self-employment, starting or growing micro or small enterprises and to social enterprise using business based approaches driven by social mission. Indeed, the personal qualities required for entrepreneurship are essential for success in the knowledge economy – whether this be in the private or public sectors.
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The Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 2006 () provides Catalonia's basic institutional regulations under the Spanish Constitution of 1978. It defines the rights and obligations of the citizens of Catalonia, the political institutions of the Catalan community, their competences and relations with the rest of Spain, and the financing of the Government of Catalonia. This Law was approved by referendum on 18 June 2006 and supplanted the first Statute of Sau, which dated from 1979. The approval was given by the 36% of Catalan people with the right to vote.
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Among other changes, the Senate ceased to be directly elected to become an assembly of regional parliaments, the Brussels-Capital Region was granted constitutive autonomy, and the Regions received economic, employment and family welfare competences as well as greater fiscal autonomy. Belgium was one of the founders of the European Common Market. Between 1999 and 2002, the Euro gradually replaced the Belgian franc (the currency of Belgium since 1830) at the rate of 1 EUR=40.3399 BEF Belgian Euro coins usually depict King Albert II on the obverse.
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No other international form of cooperation is characterized by such far-reaching integration as the European Union. This becomes evident by the number and scope of policy areas covered by the European Union and the way policy is developed. The European Union can be characterised by a mix of classic intergovernmental cooperation between sovereign states and far- reaching supranational integration. Multi-level governance within the EU is understood as respecting competences, sharing responsibilities and cooperating between the various levels of governance: the EU, the Member States and the regional and local authorities.
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The Security Council welcomed political efforts to resolve the situation, in particular the "Basic Principles for the Distribution of Competences between Tbilisi and Sukhumi" to facilitate negotiations between Georgia and Abkhazia. It regretted the lack of progress on political status negotiations and the refusal of Abkhazia to discuss the document, further calling on both sides to overcome their mutual mistrust. The Council's position on elections in Abkhazia, described in 1255 (1999), was reaffirmed. All violations of the 1994 Agreement on a Cease-fire and Separation of Forces were condemned.
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After 1996, both Education and Culture merge again and it was created the Secretariats of State for Universities, Research and Development and for Culture, as well as the General Secretariat for Education and Vocational Training. However, under the second term of José María Aznar (2000-2004), Education loses the research competences for the benefit of the new Ministry of Science and Innovation. In 2004, the new government of José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero recovered the classic name of the Ministry of Education and Science. Again, Culture acquires ministerial rank and Science and Research return to Education.
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After the motion of no confidence against Rajoy of 2018 and the formation of the new government of Pedro Sanchez in June 2018, the Ministry again broke away from Culture and also loses competences on universities, in favor of the Ministry of Science. It is now called the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training. In 2020, some responsibilities of the Ministry of Labour on vocational training in the labour market were transferred to the Ministry of Education and the vocational training itself was boosted by promoting the Directorate-General for Training to General Secretariat.
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The presence of Medical Physicists at Expert level ('Medical Physics Experts') in healthcare in the European Union is required by the 2013/59/Euratom directive. The European Federation of Organisations for Medical Physics(EFOMP) has defined a detailed inventory of learning outcomes for Medical Physics Experts in terms of Knowledge, Skills and Competences (the latter in Europe means 'responsibilities'). In Europe the professional preparation for Medical Physicists typically consists of a first degree in Physics or equivalent (e.g., biophysics, electrical or mechanical engineering, computing), a Masters in Medical Physics and a 2-year training Residency.
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The origin of qualification structures can be traced back to organized education in antique civilizations such as Greece, Sparta, Rome and China. As no specialized career structure existed in these cultures, organized education focused on broad issues of international citizenship, and not on vocational preparedness, which was achieved mainly through informal apprenticeships. As civilizations developed, the role of social class and caste received more emphasis, and people who displayed certain competences were grouped together. The advantage of having participated in and benefited from education gradually became more visible as civilizations developed.
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To do this, we need to develop local purchasing policies and local content. Local content or national preference is to "ensure a rebalancing of wealth by inviting States to capitalize on their natural resources". Apart from the taxes and income received by the host States, it is an excellent instrument for the use of local industrial fabric and local competences, not only in the extractive economy sector (hydrocarbons, mines, forest industry), But also in the service and construction sector. So it is a direct impact on the national economy.
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The northeastern border of Raetia Curiensis with Raetia Vindelica cannot be determined exactly. During the Christianization in the 4th century, the Bishopric of Chur arose in Raetia Curiensis; a first bishop is mentioned in 451/52. Still under Italian rule during the tenure of King Odoacer, Raetia Curiensis nominally passed to Ostrogothic Kingdom in 493, and King Theoderic the Great again began to appoint dux governors, who however had only military competences, while civil administration remained with a praeses. Nevertheless, it appears that the Chur bishops remained de facto independent rulers.
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The Security Council welcomed political efforts to resolve the situation, in particular the "Basic Principles for the Distribution of Competences between Tbilisi and Sukhumi" to facilitate negotiations between Georgia and Abkhazia. It regretted the refusal of Abkhazia to consider the details of the document and called on both sides to overcome their mutual mistrust. All violations of the 1994 Agreement on a Cease-fire and Separation of Forces were condemned. The Council also welcomed the easing of tensions in the Kodori Valley and the signing of a protocol by both parties on 2 April 2002.
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The position of AJEMA was created on July 13, 1895 at the same time as the Naval Staff, which replaced the position of Under Secretary of the Navy. The office was reserved for officers with a minimum position of Rear admiral (Contraalmirante). By Royal decree of March 30, 1899, the Undersecretary of the Navy was re-created and assumed the competences of the Military Secretariat and the Naval Staff, passing its owner to be called Under secretary of the Navy and Chief of the Central Naval Staff. The AJEMA position finally disappeared in 1900.
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The Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) is the fisheries policy of the European Union (EU). It sets quotas for which member states are allowed to catch each type of fish, as well as encouraging the fishing industry by various market interventions. In 2004 it had a budget of €931 million, approximately 0.75% of the EU budget. When it came into force, the Treaty of Lisbon formally enshrined fisheries conservation policy as one of the handful of "exclusive competences" reserved for the European Union, to be decided by Qualified Majority Voting.
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In 1305 Cartagena was returned to the Castile. The kingdom of Murcia lost definitely the territory of the current province of Alicante. The Castilian monarchs proceeded to entrust wide competences to a senior officer called the Adelantado Mayor over the whole Kingdom of Murcia (then a borderland of the Crown of Castile, nearing Granada and Aragon). The kingdom of Murcia was divided into religious manors, nobility manors and señoríos de realengo (type of manioralism in which the noble had the property, but the king had the authority to administer justice).
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Mary's Room is a thought experiment that attempts to establish that there are non-physical properties and attainable knowledge that can be discovered only through conscious experience. It attempts to refute the theory that all knowledge is physical knowledge. C. D. Broad, Herbert Feigl, and Thomas Nagel, over a fifty-year span, presented insight to the subject, which led to Jackson's proposed thought experiment. Broad makes the following remarks, describing a thought experiment where an archangel has unlimited mathematical competences: Roughly thirty years later, Feigl expresses a similar notion.
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Since the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989, Vienna has expanded its position as gateway to Eastern Europe: 300 international companies have their Eastern European headquarters in Vienna and its environs. Among them are Hewlett Packard, Henkel, Baxalta and Siemens. Companies in Vienna have extensive contacts and competences in business with Eastern Europe due to the city's historical role as center of the Habsburg Empire. The number of international businesses in Vienna is still growing: In 2014 159 and in 2015 175 international firms established offices in Vienna.
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Stefan Dušan abolished this tax, as known from a letter dated 26 October 1346 sent from Serres. Dabiživ's competences is explained as that he acted as the royal deputy in Trebinje and Konavle. Earlier, in 1330, the governor of Konavle and the wider area of Trebinje was župan Hlapen. It is assumed that Dabiživ was part of the preparations of organizing a special court of "young king" Uroš V, that while he governed Trebinje he was decided to be the sluga of Uroš V. In 1346, Uglješa Mrnjavčević became the deputy in Trebinje and Konavle.
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Peter worked for eight years in the municipality of Lyngby-Taarbaek, north of Copenhagen, where he was also shop steward. His work there was mainly in the tax department, and he spent the last year in the department for child day care. His formal education was in the area of local government and further training combined with courses in economics, languages, management, ICT and organisational development. Peter’s achievements in the collective bargaining sphere include obtaining binding agreements for state sector employees, enabling them to develop their competences and take on more demanding positions.
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Mühlfeit was born on January 8, 1962 in Jihlava, Czech Republic. In 1986 he graduated from the Faculty of Electrical Engineering of the Czech Technical University in Prague with a degree in Information Technology.Jan Muehlfeit, e-Competences, INSEAD During the era of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, before the Velvet Revolution, he worked in the scientific and technical intelligence serviceJan Mühlfeit, Ústav pro studium totalitních režimů (First National Security Corps under State Security) and used the cover name Masopust (Carnival). In July 1989 he was promoted to senior officer.
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Barinas is part of the Venezuelan federation, which is symmetrical: each entity has its own legal personality, competences, income and autonomous executive and legislative power, with authorities elected by majority rule in universal, direct and secret suffrage for four-year periods and revocable by referendum. They also have their own autonomous comptroller's and procurator's office and a council for planning and coordinating public policies. Venezuela's states are obliged to maintain independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity, and to comply with and enforce the Constitution and the law. The Barinas law emphasizes decentralization as the main goal.
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In June 1856, a majority of the Canal Board, including Treasurer Clark, exchanged the workplace of two resident engineers attached to the canal. The members of the Canal Board, including the treasurer, were accused by Lt. Gov. Henry J. Raymond and State Engineer Silas Seymour of having committed an illegal act, having meddled in the exclusive competences of the State Engineer. On June 23, 1856, Treasurer Clark was suspended by Governor Clark, since the State Constitution provided for the possible suspension of the treasurer but not the other state officers.
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DISCO is also used in several European projects dealing with mobility and transparency of skills and competences, such as YOMTOOL (Youth on the Move Toolkit) or Skillsbank (an ECVET oriented toolkit targeting career guidance and individual training support). On national level, DISCO is used at the Hungarian Europass Centre where the English/French/German/Hungarian-language versions are used for the 'Europass CV wizzard' that utilises DISCO as an integrated online glossary for the Europass CV. In Austria, the Software Competence Centre Hagenberg uses DISCO for developing innovative online job placement software.
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The sole deputy prime minister's office under Narcís Serra from the Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC) was maintained with increased competences on economic affairs. The parliamentary defeat of the 1996 General State Budget bill on 25 October 1995 led to the virtual downfall of González's government, which was forced to prorogue the 1995 budget and ultimately decided to dissolve parliament and call a snap election. It was automatically dismissed on 4 March 1996 as a consequence of the 1996 general election, but remained in acting capacity until the next government was sworn in.
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However, the Ottoman court system lacked an appellate structure, leading to jurisdictional case strategies where plaintiffs could take their disputes from one court system to another until they achieved a ruling that was in their favor. In the late 19th century, the Ottoman legal system saw substantial reform. This process of legal modernization began with the Edict of Gülhane of 1839. These reforms included the "fair and public trial[s] of all accused regardless of religion", the creation of a system of "separate competences, religious and civil", and the validation of testimony on non- Muslims.
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CODE’s learning approach can be described as competency-orientated, self- directed and problem-based, namely by using concepts such as Mastery Learning, Flipped Classroom and Peer Learning. Aside from the subject-specific competences, the curriculum addresses topics like personal development and the ability to reflect oneself by implementation of a mentoring program. From the beginning, students are working project-based and self-regulated in interdisciplinary teams of software developers, interaction designers and product managers. Those projects are created and selected in close cooperation with a number of companies and organisations.
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The Socrates Network for Translator Training (SNTT) is a group of EU universities created in 1990 which provides training for professional translators and interpreters. Its aim is to widen skills and competences through different exchange programmes which offer various courses related to translation and joint research projects. This structured network of academic and professional experience allows students and teaching staff mobility at all levels of university training (BA, MA, PhD). The network is part of the Erasmus Programme and represents a new approach to cooperation and knowledge sharing.
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To date, most public policy interventions informed by behavioral science evidence involve “nudges”; that is, non-fiscal and non-regulatory interventions that steer (nudge) people in a specific direction while preserving freedom of choice.Thaler, R., & Sunstein, C. R. (2008). Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth and happiness. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. Hertwig’s work has focused on “boosts,” an alternative class of non-fiscal and non-regulatory policy interventions grounded in behavioral science. Boosts aim to improve people’s decisional, cognitive, and motivational competences, making it easier for them to exercise their own agency.
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A Rye Field by Ivan Shishkin The Eurasian Economic Union is the top producer of sugar beet and sunflower, producing 18.6% of the world's sugar beet and 22.7% of the world's sunflowers in 2012, as well as a top producer of rye, barley, buckwheat, oats and sunflower seed. It is also a large producer of potatoes, wheat and grain (and grain legumes). Part of the competences of the Eurasian Economic Commission are agriculture subsidies. It is responsible for the coordination of agricultural policy-making between member states and ensuring collective food security.
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Reforms of 1767 and 1773–75 transferred some competences of the sejm to the commissions of elected delegates. From 1768, hetmans were included among the senate members, and from 1775 also the Court Deputy Treasurer. In the senate there was no voting; after all the senators who wished had spoken on a given matter, the king or the chancellor formed a general opinion based on the majority. The Constitution of May 3, 1791 finally abolished the liberum veto, replacing it by majority voting, in most important matters requiring 75% of the votes.
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There is also no judiciary of the Länder, since the federal constitution defines the judiciary as an exclusively federal matter. This centralisation follows a historic model where central power during the time of the empire was largely concentrated in Vienna. However, the state governor (Landeshauptmann) is in charge of the administration of much of federal administrative law within the respective state, which makes this post an important political position. Furthermore, state competences include zoning laws, planning issues and public procurement on the regional level, which adds considerable weight to state politics.
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Joseph II's successor, Leopold II, blamed Kaunitz for the failure and decisively restricted his competences. Kaunitz rejected further rapprochement with Prussia against Revolutionary France in view of the weak rule of Frederick's successor, King Frederick William II, an assessment that was proved to be correct in the War of the First Coalition. Kaunitz finally resigned his office upon the accession of Emperor Francis II. Kaunitz died in 1794 at his city palace in Vienna and was buried in his family vault beneath the Chapel of St. John the Baptist in Slavkov cemetery.
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According to the 1932 Statute of Autonomy, the competences on local elections were devolved to the Catalan Government. The electoral system was determined by the Municipal Law. The number of seats in the Barcelona City Council consisted of 40 members. All City Council members were elected in a single multi-member district, consisting of the Barcelona municipality, using closed lists party block voting: the winning party in number of votes would win the 66% of the seats, the second party would win the 66% of the unfilled seats, and so on.
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More recently, the ministry has gained certain competences. In 1998, the responsibilities previously falling under the Cabinet for Netherlands Antillean and Aruban Affairs, a remnant of the Ministry of Colonial Affairs, were given to the ministry, which was renamed Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations, referring to the relations between the different constituent countries within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. In 2010, security policy, including police and fire services, were transferred to the newly created Ministry of Security and Justice, while the Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations regained public housing in return.
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In the European Union, the principle of subsidiarity is the principle that decisions are retained by Member States if the intervention of the European Union is not necessary. The European Union should take action collectively only when Member States’ power is insufficient. The principle of subsidiarity applied to the European Union can be summarised as "Europe where necessary, national where possible". The principle of subsidiarity is premised from the fundamental EU principle of conferral, ensuring that the European Union is a union of member states and competences are voluntarily conferred to Member States.
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The unprecedented development of subsidiarity in the European Union in the 1990s was caused by the increased of EU policies in the post-Maastricht period. In the 1990s, the European Union was preparing for the future enlargement of Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) as well as for the establishment of the Eurozone, and therefore needed to reinforce its task-allocation model. This model, called EU competences, is subject to the two fundamental principles of subsidiarity and proportionality. Content is copied from this source, which is © European Union, 1995-2018.
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Emotional Intelligence is based on several competencies intended to help a person gain success in personal, professional and social life. These kinds of competencies are usually acquired in the earliest education and throughout adult life, but they are not taught in a specific way. The reason is that these competencies are said not to be taught, since they are characteristic of each individual's personal maturation. There are a great number of training actions favoured by companies, public administrations, entities, institutions and social agents that develop some of these competences.
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It includes ratings of persons, monitors activity by region and person competences and provides public API for reuse. Project Duma 2.0 is a social initiative aimed to improve the laws and to find in Internet effective ways of solving problems. The aim of the project is not simply to inform officials about the citizens' decisions and initiatives, but lobbying of these ideas at the legislative level with the maximum of their application. Duma 2.0 – the first project in Russia, which was created in the global world trend called Citizen 2.0. OpenGovData.
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The Minister for Justice () is a position in the Luxembourgian cabinet. Among other competences, the Minister for Justice is responsible for prisons, extradition, gambling, and the smooth operation of the judiciary. The position of Minister for Justice has been in continuous existence since the promulgation of Luxembourg's first constitution, in 1848. Originally, justice was within the remit of the Administrator-General for Foreign Affairs, Justice, and Religion (Administrateur général des Affaires étrangères, de la Justice et des Cultes), but justice was separated from this office on 23 September 1853.
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Typology is based on a view of the world familiar from Plato's metaphysics called essentialism. Essentialism is the idea that the world is divided into real, discontinuous and immutable "kinds". This idea is the basis for most typological constructions particularly of stone artefacts where essential forms are often thought of as "mental templates" or combinations of traits that are favoured by the maker. Variation in artifact form and attributes is seen as a consequence of the imperfect realization of the template and is usually attributed to differences in raw material properties or individuals' technical competences.
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BLB is a research centre of the TU Braunschweig. The centre is an interdisciplinary research platform for the development of production processes as well as diagnosis and simulation for current lithium-ion batteries and future battery technologies such as solid state and lithium-sulphur batteries. BLB unites 13 professorships from three universities (TU Braunschweig, TU Clausthal, University of Hannover) as well as battery experts from the PTB and integrates the necessary competences along the value chain for excellent R&D; in the field of batteries in Lower Saxony.
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11.1% of the faculty are international. Education and research at Tallinn University focus on five core interdisciplinary fields: educational innovation, digital and media culture, cultural competences, healthy and sustainable lifestyle and society and open governance. Each of the fields is represented by a school of the University: School of Educational Sciences, Baltic Film, Media, Arts and Communication School; School of Humanities, School of Natural Sciences and Health, and School of Governance, Law and Society. The School of Digital Technologies is the sixth school, contributing to all of the fields.
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The Prussian central government appointed for every province an Oberpräsident ("Upper President") carrying out central prerogatives on the provincial level and supervising the implementation of central policy on the lower levels of administration. Since 1875, with the strengthening of self- rule within the provinces, the urban and rural districts (Kreise) elected representatives for the provincial Landtage diets. These parliaments legislated within the competences transferred to the provinces. The provincial diet of Brandenburg elected a provincial executive body (government), the provincial committee (Provinzialausschuss), and a head of province, the Landesdirektor ("Land Director").
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Their competences were divided: the ministry was in charge of Belarusian affairs inside the Lithuanian borders up to the demarcation line with Poland, while the Rada was in charge in Vilnius Region (i.e. between the demarcation line and the border drawn by the Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty). That pushed the ministry into a secondary role as the Lithuanians cared more about the support Belarusians could provide in their territorial conflict with Poland over the Vilnius Region. Semashko resigned in February 1923 when a new cabinet was sworn in.
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It substituted the Provincial Council of the Balearics and possessed some of the basic competences in health and culture, although its main function was drafting a Statue of Autonomy for the archipelago. On a 17 July 1978 decree, the election of its members was defined. On 1 March 1983 the Statue of Autonomy of the Balearic Islands came into effect, and the Inter-island General Council disappeared, being replaced by the Government of the Balearic Islands. During the five years of its existence, the institution had two presidents.
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Many documents concerning the city of Munich can be found in the Staatsarchiv München (Munich State Archives); this is due to the various competences from city and state, which were distributed differently in earlier times, for example in the area of police. Most of the documents in the Stadtarchiv originate naturally from the 19th and 20th centuries, the time after the onset of Munich's strongest growth. The oldest document dates back to 1265. From the period before 1500, the Stadtarchiv has 2381 documents, and from the following three centuries a further 6922.
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The Office of Secretary of State for Tourism was created in summer 1977 after a massive State Administration reform. According to the law that created it, the Secretariat of State assumed the competences of the suppressed Undersecretariat of Tourism and all the bodies that integrated it were transferred to the new Secretariat of State. The Undersecretariat of Tourism was created in 1952 and was integrated in the Ministry of Information and Tourism, that was also suppressed in 1977 and replaced by the Ministry of Trade and Tourism. In 1982, the Secretariat of State is suppressed after a government reform that created a new Ministry called Ministry of Transport, Tourism and Communications and its competences were transferred to a newly body named General Secretariat for Tourism. This General Secretariat survived until 2011 but since 1996 to 2000 was subordinated to the Secretariat of State for Trade, Tourism and SMEs with the First Aznar Government, to the Secretary of State for Trade and Tourism from 2000 to 2004 with the Second Aznar Government, to the Secretary of State for Tourism and Trade from 2004 to 2008 with the First Zapatero Government and from 2008 to 2011 to the Secretary of State for Tourism, after being suppressed by the pro-austerity Government of Mariano Rajoy.
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Elwyn et al. described a set of competences for shared decision-making, consisting of the following steps a) defining the problem which requires a decision, b) the portrayal of equipoise (meaning that clinically speaking there is little to choose between the treatments) and the uncertainty about the best course of action, leading to c) providing information about the attributes of available options and d) supporting a deliberation process. Based on these steps, an assessment scale to measure the extent to which clinicians involve patients in decision-making has been developed (the OPTION scale) and translated into Dutch, Chinese, French, German, Spanish and Italian.
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Classroom education is naturally complemented by hands-on laboratory experience so that methodological aspects are reflected in real-world environment. This approach has proven to be effective and successful, as endorsed by dozens of ALaRI Alumni, as it naturally facilitates the assimilation of deep technical concepts and core competences immediately usable in industry and academia. The study program of the Master of Science in Cyber-Physical and Embedded Systems consists of four full-time study semesters (120 ECTS over two years). The thesis starts during the third semester and completes by the end of the fourth.
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Law determines the competence of the ombudsman and the way he proceeds; delegation is allowed (Subarticle 3). His competence may by law be determined to exceed that given in Subarticle 1; delegation is allowed (Subarticle 4) — in contrast with the arrangement given for the Council of State and the Court of Audit. The constitution has a general Article 79 founding the establishment of other advisory bodies, the "permanent advisory colleges". The law regulates the organisation, composition and competence of these bodies (Subarticle 2); other competences than mere advisory ones may be attributed by law (Subarticle 3); in both cases delegation is allowed.
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The Swedes installed a new authority, Bremen-Verden's General Government (), and chose Stade to be the new seat of government, with Bremervörde being the former Bremian capital, and Rotenburg upon Wümme being the former capital of the Prince-Bishopric of Verden. The Swedish takeover in 1648 became a milestone for Bremen-Verden's interior constitution. Bremen- Verden turned from two elective monarchies into a hereditary double monarchy, with a personal rule of the or administrator exchanged for a viceregent government bound by Swedish instructions. The lax administrative structures were replaced with strictly hierarchic authorities with fixed competences.
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Established under Charles V, the Council of State did not have specific areas of focus or competences, nor territorial scopes determined by what was supraterritorial, which was the reason why the most important subjects and of foreign policy, as well as the subjects relative to the monarch and to the real family. It was established in 1526 when Suleiman the Magnificent threatened Austria. It was the only Council that did not have a president, since it was the monarch who assumed that function. His advisors were not specialists in legal matters but in international relations, like the Duke of Alba or Granvela.
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In some societies, teachers enjoy a status on a par with physicians, lawyers, engineers, and accountants, in others, the status of the profession is low. In the twentieth century, many intelligent women were unable to get jobs in corporations or governments so many chose teaching as a default profession. As women become more welcomed into corporations and governments today, it may be more difficult to attract qualified teachers in the future. Teachers are often required to undergo a course of initial education at a College of Education to ensure that they possess the necessary knowledge, competences and adhere to relevant codes of ethics.
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The Security Council welcomed political efforts to resolve the situation, in particular the "Basic Principles for the Distribution of Competences between Tbilisi and Sukhumi" to facilitate negotiations between Georgia and Abkhazia. It regretted the lack of progress on political status negotiations and the refusal of Abkhazia to discuss the document, further calling on both sides to overcome their mutual mistrust. All violations of the 1994 Agreement on a Cease-fire and Separation of Forces were condemned. The Council also welcomed the easing of tensions in the Kodori Valley and the signing of a protocol by both parties on 2 April 2002.
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DrPH is an advanced and terminal degree that prepares its recipients for a career in advancing public health practice, leadership, research, teaching, or administration. The first DrPH degree was awarded by Harvard Medical School in 1911. According to the United Nations, the world face unprecedented challenges such as climate change, noncommunicable diseases, aging populations, health crises, wealth gap, and the overreliance on the internet. DrPH graduates, who received trainings in evidence-based public health practice and research, are expected to have the competences to convene diverse stakeholders, communicate across a range of sectors, and settings, synthesize findings, and generate practice-based evidence.
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It is the first school in Germany to employ up to 40 students of different teacher professions and Master students of educational science, to run the classes independently and according to an up-to-date way of teaching. The students are trained carefully in special seminars for their educational work at Zoo School, where they find a large field of practical work in their future profession. They may therefore enrich their professional, personal and social competences. Since a new building was opened in September 2005, new topics and methods are included in the every day teaching about the protection of the environment.
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The right to food is enshrined in the constitution, Article 63: > "It is the right of Nicaraguans to be protected against hunger. The State > shall promote programmes which assure adequate availability and equitable > distribution of food.". Nicaragua has included the topic of food sovereignty in framework law, though its status is sometimes controversial: Law on Food and Nutritional Sovereignty and Security, No. 163- 2009, Decree No. 03-2007, Reforms and Amendments to Decree No. 71-98; Regulation to the Law No. 290, Law on Organization and Competences, 2007. At present there are new drafts that update, replace or strengthen the existing legislation.
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Skirbekk has focused on studying health, productivity, and associated determinants from a multidisciplinary perspective with an emphasis on the role of changing labor market demands, technological and cultural changes as well as variation in the attitudes, beliefs, and competences of new cohorts. From considering productivity as an output variable (e.g., measured as value-added, salary levels), a key contribution of his research has been to highlight the integral role of productivity determinants (such as skills, health, and abilities). This research has helped change the focus of age-variation in productivity from something fixed to an entity that is to a greater extent modifiable.
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The Mathematical Literacy thrust was established in 2005 - just prior to the introduction of Mathematical Literacy as a new subject in the post-compulsory phase in 2006. Mathematical Literacy is focused on developing the skills and competences needed to deal with the mathematical aspects of everyday life - as a citizen and a worker. The thrust focuses on research and teacher development in Mathematical Literacy, alongside building post-graduate research attention in this area. Several research publicationsVenkatakrishnan, H. & Graven, M. (2006) Mathematical Literacy in South Africa and Functional Mathematics in England: A consideration of overlaps and contrasts, Pythagoras, 64, 14-28.
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Research and Teaching cohere at the University of Applied Sciences Mittweida. The diverse research activities can be allocated to the following fields of competences: • Laser technology, • Information and communication technology, • High performance mechanical engineering and mechatronics, • Energy and facility management, • Economic sciences and social sciences, • Media and new media within education, • Environment engineering, medical engineering and biotechnology, • Discrete mathematics (network reliability and graph theory). The University of Applied Sciences Mittweida occupies leading places in the Germany-wide research ranking of universities of applied sciences. The college contributes in about 80 research projects and maintains diverse national and international relations to science and economy.
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Portugal, like other European States, has conducted educational policies and reforms to accomplish these objectives. This included the reorganization of both university and polytechnic subsystems and the implementation of extensive legal and curricular changes and the adoption of innovative teaching methods. Its field application process was mostly visible in 2006 and 2007. This reform was elaborated in order to attain an education system based on the development of competences rather than on the transmission of knowledge, and included the development of a system of easily readable and comparable degrees aimed to simplify comparison between qualifications across Europe.
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The polytechnic institutes (institutos politécnicos) of Portugal used to be higher education institutions with very different roles and competences of those encompassed and provided by the universities, because the polytechnics didn't award neither masters nor doctoral degrees, and unlike universities, they didn't develop independent research activities. In the following decades after their start in the 1970s and 1980s, the polytechnic institutions didn't assume their specific role as tertiary education vocational schools, which were created to award practical diplomas in more technical or basic fields. Non- university intermediate professionals and skilled workers for the industry, agriculture, commerce and other services where needed.
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The EIP is an independent and flexible partner to the EU. The Institute is committed to working with governments and the EU, while remaining autonomous to act rapidly and creatively. It will complement and serve to enhance the mediation work of Europe, bringing its own competences and resources to do so and drawing on the normative work of the United Nations. The EIP interacts with the United Nations, other international organisations, regional organisations, non-governmental organisations, private entities, conflict parties, and individuals. The EIP serves as a permanent operational hub for existing European governmental and non-governmental mediation and dialogue expertise.
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In the years 2006 to 2011, she was the leader of the research project "Writing competences and new media"University of Zurich: "Schreibkompetenz und neue Medien" (funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation). Since 2011, she has been the head of a tri-national project "Handbook of Grammatical Variation in Standard German",Project "Handbook of Grammatical Variation in Standard German" together with two colleagues from Austria and Switzerland. Christa Dürscheid was also one of the leading members in the project "SMS communication in Switzerland: Facets of linguistic variation in a multilingual country",Project "SMS communication in Switzerland" which started in 2011.
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The changes were virtually all created by Thorbecke, as the other members of the committee did little but approve of his proposals. The drafted constitution was somewhat reluctantly approved by the States General, and was proclaimed on 3 November 1848. The new constitution established civil rights and parliamentary competences, and introduced direct election of members of House of Representatives and ministerial responsibility, thus limiting the power of the King and turning the country into a complete constitutional monarchy. Despite initial reluctance, William II appointed Thorbecke as formateur in late October 1849, and his first cabinet took office on 13 November.
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It was also entrusted with the mission of making reports and studies on any subject entrusted to him. With the arrival of PM José María Aznar, all mentions to the Deputy Prime Minister were removed (because the Deputy PM was granted with its own Chief of Staff). Aznar also gave the Chief of Staff the rank of Secretary of State. PM José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero continue expanding the powers of the Chief of Staff giving him competences over the protocol and security departments of the Prime Minister's Office as well as entrusting him with advice on economic matters.
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All qualifications frameworks are learning outcomes-based. In qualifications frameworks, qualifications are developed using learning outcomes, and the set of hierarchical levels they consist of are described with a set of learning level descriptors. Qualifications frameworks emerged from two complementary education and training discourses in the late 1980s: the competence approach to vocational education, and the shift to learning outcomes, embedded within the broader concept of lifelong learning. As a result, the interrelationship between competences and learning outcomes was not only firmly embedded in qualifications framework thinking from the very outset, but was also used in a hybridized form.
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However, since he had concerns about the legality of an appointment without papal confirmation, he let the cathedral chapter elect him to be the second capitular vicar, to whom the actual capitular vicar, his eternal opponent Clemens August von Droste- Vischering, had to relinquish all competences. In these years, which were filled with an enormous amount of activity, Spiegel spiritually changed to be a truly religious Christian. After the fall of Napoleon, he again managed to establish close ties with the Prussians, whose benevolence he immediately regained. Hoping to become Minister of Culture, he renounced the diocese of Münster in 1815.
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The radial arm maze has shown to be practicable to investigate how drugs affect memory performance. It has also been shown to be useful in distinguishing the cognitive effects of an array of toxicants. The radial arm maze has also been use for several studies in children and adults.L. Mandolesi; F. Addona; F. Foti; D. Menghini; L. Petrosini; S. Vicari, "Spatial competences in Williams syndrome: a radial arm maze study", International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, May 2009, 27 (3), 205-213 A particular study led by L. Mandolesi used subjects with William's Syndrome (WS) because of the interest placed on their cognitive profile.
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Prior to the establishment of MOHE, the Directorate General of Scholarship and Foreign Relations carried out a role similar to that of MOHE. After MOHE was established in 1994,Amending the Ministerial Formation, Royal Decree No 2/94, issued on January 5, 1994. the General Directorate of Scholarships and Foreign Relations was transferred from the Ministry of Education to MOHE and additional responsibilities were assigned to MOHE involving the supervision of high education institutes and the development of high education policies.Specifying the Competences of the Ministry of High Education, Royal Decree No 15/94, issued on January 11, 1994.
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Health literacy encompasses people’s knowledge, motivation and competences to access, understand, appraise, and apply health information. The Asian Health Literacy Association seeks to understand health literacy levels across Asia in order to inform the direction of future efforts to enhance health service capacities. Furthermore, the association aims to explore the influence of health literacy in the healthcare system, disease prevention and health promotion. Researchers, government bodies, healthcare groups, health and educational professionals working in the above or related fields might participate in this project, discussing health literacy issues in order to develop possible interventions in health education and healthcare services.
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With the appointment of Johannes Stark as president on 1 May 1933, the ideology of National Socialism found its way into the PTR. The convinced advocate of a German Physics terminated diverse research projects on issues of modern physics to which he referred to as "Jewish", among them, in particular, works on quantum physics and on the theory of relativity. Stark also tried to enforce the "Führer principle" (Führerprinzip) at the PTR: in 1935, he dissolved the Kuratorium and took over its competences himself. Jewish employees and critics of the NSDAP (such as Max von Laue) were dismissed.
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The National Committee on Safety and Health at Work (CNSST) created by the Occupational Hazards Prevention Act of 1995, is the collective advisory body of the Spanish Public Administrations in the formulation of prevention policies and institutional participation body in occupational safety and health. It is composed of representatives of the General State Administration, the Administrations of the Autonomous Communities and representatives of the most representative business and union organizations. The National Institute for Safety and Health at Work assumes the General Secretariat of the National Committee, providing the necessary technical and scientific assistance for the development of its competences.
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The application profile is information model that is needed for the development of the technical tools (WP2). It retains full interoperability with Europass CS and integrate the models and taxonomies of EQF, ECVET and e‐competences. The technical tools: The technical tools (XML bindings) attempted to facilitate the exchange of VET certificates between any information systems, databases, online platforms, and repositories for easier and better accessibility, development, and maintenance. The Europass CS Technical Tools are data models as complete XML bindings including a XML Schema Description (XSD) for the implementation within different IT systems and repositories.
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Science fiction being a genre with a recognizable set of conventions and literary genealogies, in which language often includes neologisms, neosemes, and invented languages, techno-scientific and pseudoscientific vocabulary, and fictional representation of the translation process, the translation of science-fiction texts involves specific concerns. The science-fiction translator tends to acquire specific competences and assume a distinctive publishing and cultural agency. As in the case of other mass-fiction genres, this professional specialization and role often is not recognized by publishers and scholars. Translation of science fiction accounts for the transnational nature of science fiction's repertoire of shared conventions and tropes.
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CPR Article 20 Given that it was not possible to create this harmonization at national level, these measures have been taken on a European level following the principle of subsidiarity of Article 5 of the treaty of the European Union. The same treaty specifies that the European Union shall not interfere with the competences of its members states, which are sovereign in defining all means to assure that constructions satisfy their set objectives for health, security and protection.CPR Article 58 This is why the CPR concentrates exclusively on the performances of construction products and the use of the corresponding CE marking.
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CEIOPS' headquarters were located in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. The other Level-3 Committees were Committee of European Banking Supervisors and Committee of European Securities Regulators. CEIOPS was replaced by EIOPA in January 2011, in accordance with the new European financial supervision framework. The reorganisation of macro and microprudential supervisory authorities led to the creation of three new European watchdogs (The European Banking Authority - EBA, the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority - EIOPA, and the European Securities and Markets Authority -ESMA) have replaced the previous EU committees responsible for financial market services, having had only consultative competences.
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They proved a fair match for the fort's defenders, and Governor de Launay, the commander of the Bastille, capitulated and opened the gates to avoid a mutual massacre. According to the official documents, about 200 attackers and just one defender died in before the capitulation. However, possibly because of a misunderstanding, fighting resumed. In this second round of fighting, de Launay and seven other defenders were killed, as was Jacques de Flesselles, the prévôt des marchands ("provost of the merchants"), the elected head of the city's guilds, who under the feudal monarchy also had the competences of a present-day mayor.
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Transplant Procurement Management (TPM) is an international educational programme in organ and transplant coordination that counts with the academic endorsement of the University of Barcelona. It promotes knowledge transfer and development of professional competences in organ donation as key factors to maximize donor potentiality and conversion rates. Using the “Learning by doing” methodology, TPM offers a wide range of online, face-to- face and blended courses, providing one with the opportunity to learn how to identify a potential donor and how to manage all the donation and transplantation process following standards of high quality and ethics. TPM offers programmes of various durations.
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Applicable laws are those relative to that sphere only, so that the administration of schools should rest with those who are legitimately in charge of them, according to their specific competences and skills. Similarly, in a trade organization, the rules of trade only should be applied, and their leaders should be drawn from their own ranks of expertise. Similarly agriculture does not derive its laws from the government but from the laws of nature. Whenever a government presumes to regulate outside its sovereignty, those serving within the affected sphere should protest that the State is interfering in their internal affairs.
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The military response resulted in nineteen Kanak deaths and another three deaths in custody. The Matignon Agreements, signed on 26 June 1988, ensured a decade of stability. The Nouméa Accord signed 5 May 1998, set the groundwork for a 20-year transition that gradually transfers competences to the local government. Following the timeline set by the Nouméa Accord that stated a vote must take place by the end of 2018, the groundwork was laid for a referendum on full independence from France at a meeting chaired by the French Prime Minister Édouard Philippe on 2 November 2017, to be held by November 2018.
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Those councillors are elected between city's inhabitants every four years by direct vote. After being elected, councillors meet in a special Plenary session to determine who will be elected, between them, as city's Mayor. In the next days after the election, the mayor chooses some councillors to set up the executive governing body (Junta de Gobierno or Comisión de Gobierno). After that, and for the next four years, city's mayor and the Junta de Gobierno will govern over the city according to their competences (urbanism, some taxes, local police, licenses for specific activities, cleaning services, etc.).
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The European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS: Union Européenne des Médecins Spécialistes) is a professional organisation of doctors representing medical specialists in the European Union, which was founded in 1958. It is the oldest medical organization in Europe, and represents about 1.6 million medical specialists.. It promotes high levels of medical training and practice, to improve and guarantee the highest level of patientcare. With a current membership from 40 countries, it is the representative organisation of the National Associations of Medical Specialists in the European Union and its associated countries. More than fifty medical disciplines and competences are represented within the organization.
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Following the Fifth State Reform in 2001, the responsibility for the composition, the organization, the competences and the activities of the municipal institutions were devolved to the Regions, as well as the responsibility for the provincial institutions. As a result, there are several differences between the municipal institutions in the Flemish Region, the Walloon Region and the Brussels-Capital Region. The Walloon Region has also further devolved part of its responsibilities to the German-speaking Community with regards to its 9 municipalities. The three Regions can amend or replace the existing legislation on the municipalities, most notably the New Municipal Law.
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Vaníček Vratislav, Velké dějiny Zemí koruny českéI., II. Praha 1999 Ottokar I of Bohemia emerged as the successor at the end of the 12th century, ruling from 1197. As a result of political agreements with both Roman Emperors (Philip of Swabia and Otto IV of Brunswick), he was able to renew the royal peerage for Bohemian kings, confirmed by Pope Innocent III in 1204. The new Roman Emperor and the King of Sicilia Friedrich II then confirmed the Premyslids all competences and powers in the instrument – the famous Golden Bull of Sicily, issued in Basel on 26 September 1212.
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Since the Communities have acquired exclusive right to develop their international relations on those exclusive matters, the King cannot sign, ratify or denounce treaties on their behalf. Only the treaties concluded before 18 May 1993 may be denounced by the King. The rigidity of Belgium sphere of competences raised legal difficulties to the approval of international treaties dealing with both federal and community's issues. These treaties are known as traités mixtes, and is the object of a co-operation agreement between the federal state, the Communities and the Regions (8 Mars 1994), which provides for a complex mechanism of shared responsibilities.
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The 1929 Civil Code abolished also remaining competences of the Islamic courts by stripping the Muslim hierarchy of any forms of political and legal authority. In 1930 the Albanian Ministry of Education passed a decree which forces religious communities to finance their own religious schools and lessons. The law hit the Muslim community hard because they could not finance them, and as a result of it in 1938 there were only 2-3 madrasas left in all of Albania. From 1933 until 1936 all private schools were banned, which in practice meant that Catholic schools could not operate in Albania.
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The PP won a council majority in the 1991 election and José María Álvarez del Manzano was subsequently invested as new mayor, with Aguirre remaining in the municipal government board. Two years later, in 1993, in the reshuffle that followed the fall from grace of firebrand councillor Ángel Matanzo, she assumed additional competences becoming Councillor of Environment, Education, Culture and Sports. In June 1995, after the May election, she became the municipal spokeswoman of the PP and first deputy mayor. Soon after, she was also appointed by the City Council to the Caja Madrid Board of Governors.
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In the EU deal there was a statement specifically exempting the UK from "ever closer union". The precise phrasing of the aspiration, which was in the preamble of the EU's founding treaty and every treaty since is "ever closer union of the peoples [of Europe]". The phrase has symbolic political status but it has little or no legal effect in any of the treaties and thus UK's exemption from it is equally symbolic. The deal is explicit in saying that the presence of the "ever closer union" phrase in the treaties does not of itself grant the EU any specific competences or powers.
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The Constitutional Court elects its own president and vice-president and approves its own rules, schedule and budget. The President of the Constitutional Court (together with the President of the Supreme Court) is the fourth person in the Portuguese state hierarchy (after the President of the Republic, the President of the Assembly of the Republic, and the Prime Minister, in that order) and has several competences, such as conducting the relations between the court and the other authorities, receiving the candidatures for President of the Republic and presiding the court's sessions. The current president () is Manuel da Costa Andrade.
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The Plenum, in general, deals with the audit function and proposes the approach to conflicts affecting the competences or powers of the Court of Auditors to Parliament. It also gives resolutions against the provisions and acts of other organs of the Court in the performance of governmental or staff-related functions. The Plenum is composed of twelve Audit Counsellors (one of whom shall be the President) and the Chief Prosecutor of the Court of Auditors. The Secretary-General acts as secretary of the Plenum, with voice but without vote, and writes the minutes, reflecting the outcome of the deliberations and resolutions adopted.
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In 1969 the development, qualification and test of bi-propellant propulsion systems for satellite orbit and attitude control system was started, with first application on the French and German Symphonie (satellite), which was successfully launched from the Kennedy Space Center on December 19, 1974. 2001 the RIT-10 gridded Ion thruster fully recovers the Artemis (satellite) mission from a total loss. With the maiden flight of the Automated Transfer Vehicle - Jules Verne, launched 9 March 2008, the LAM site demonstrated its orbital propulsion competences within man-rated spacecraft as main sub-contractor for the Propulsion Re-boost SubSystem Assemblies.
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In September 2012, the Supreme Court ruled that, due to a matter of competences, the case must be brought before the justice system of the City of Buenos Aires. Duran Barba and his associates were investigated and prosecuted in the case. Tag Continental, Connectic SRL and Opinión Confidencial, the company created at the end of 2008 by Rodrigo Lugones and Guillermo Garat, the two favorite students of the star consultant of the PRO, were searched for that investigation. He published El Arte de Ganar ("The Art of Winning"), a book on the use of attacking strategies for political campaigns, in 2010.
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The school has achieved sports college status which means the college is a benchmark for the provision sports teaching in the borough, the school often leads and hosts sporting event from Football competition to Netball competitions, the status also means the school gets more fundings for their sports facilities. The college is part of the Socrates Comenius Project, Comenius seeks to develop knowledge and understanding among young people and educational staff of the diversity of European cultures, languages and values. It helps young people acquire the basic life skills and competences necessary for their personal development, for future employment and for active citizenship.
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The Australian Parliament thus retains the right to legislate for the Territory, if it chooses to exercise it. This includes the power to override any legislation passed by the Northern Territory Parliament. For example, in response to the Northern Territory Parliament's passage of the Rights of the Terminally Ill Act 1995, the Territory's voluntary euthanasia law, the federal Parliament passed the Euthanasia Laws Act 1997, which amended the laws granting self-government to the territories–in the Northern Territory's case, the Northern Territory (Self-Government) Act 1978–to remove that area from the legislative competences of the territories.
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The Sahrawi National Council (SNC) or Sahrawi Parliament is the legislature of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. Its structure and competences are guided by the Constitution of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR). The present speaker since 2010 is Khatri Addouh. It was first created by Polisario Front members and Sahrawi tribal notables as the Provisionary National Council in April or November 1975, after the proclamation of Guelta Zemmur. On February 27, 1976, POLISARIO leader El-Ouali Mustapha Sayed announced that the Council had declared the creation of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, of which it became the first parliament.
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Hämäläinen points out that social pedagogy is not a method or a set of methods, but that any method is chosen based on social pedagogical considerations. In the past 3 main methods were defined: # Individual case work – with the aim to improve/develop individual life circumstances, # Social group work – with the aim of developing social competences, # Community intervention work – with the aim to develop social demographic structures. After 1970 a lot of different methods derived from those three. In practice a mono-methodical approach can be barely found; approaches/ concepts of action predominate which include more than the three classic methods.
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The Economic and Social Council (CES) of Spain is one of the two advisory bodies that assist the Government of Spain in its duties. It is the body responsible for advising the Government in socioeconomic and work matters. The CES is composed by 61 counsellors (including its President) divided in 3 groups of 20. The first group is composed by union representatives, the second group is composed by enterprises representatives and the last group is composed by representatives of the agrarian sector, maritime and fishing sector, consumers, social economy sector and 6 experts in the competences of the Council.
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The Security Council welcomed political efforts to resolve the situation, in particular the "Basic Principles for the Distribution of Competences between Tbilisi and Sukhumi" to facilitate negotiations between Georgia and Abkhazia. It regretted the lack of progress on political status negotiations and the refusal of Abkhazia to discuss the document, further calling on both sides to overcome their mutual mistrust. All violations of the 1994 Agreement on a Cease-fire and Separation of Forces were condemned. The Council also welcomed the easing of tensions in the Kodori Valley and the signing of a protocol by both parties on 2 April 2002.
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If the text differed, a special commission (comisie de mediere) was formed by deputies and senators, that "negotiated" between the two houses the form of the future law. The report of this commission had to be approved in a joint session of the Parliament. After the 2003 referendum, a law still has to be approved by both houses, but each house has designated matters it gets to deliberate before the other, in capacity of "deciding chamber" (). If that first chamber adopts a law proposal (relating to its competences), it is passed on to the other one, which can approve or reject.
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The name of the school was chosen following a contest involving the population within the Commission Scolaire des Draveurs jurisdiction territory (the Gatineau sector) in which they suggested different names for the new school. The suggestion "du Versant" from a Polyvalente Nicolas-Gatineau Secondary 4 student was chosen for geographical reasons as the school's location on a steep cliff gives a great view of most of the city of Gatineau and Ottawa just across the Ottawa River. The school's logo was designed by a computer graphics student at the Centre Competences-Outaouais, a vocational school in Gatineau.
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Avianca acquired a 100% stake in Tampa Cargo in 2008. On February 1, 2010 Tampa Cargo was advised that, after concluding the regulatory approval and the approval of competences required to concrete the union announced in October 2009, Synergy Aerospace, the owner of Avianca, and AviancaTaca. Then the AviancaTaca Group created the Cargo Vice-Presidency to which Tampa Cargo and its cargo aircraft fleet belong, naming Tampa Cargo the administrator of the Avianca and Taca commercial aircraft capacity. On September 27, 2011, Avianca ordered four Airbus A330-200F aircraft to replace the existing Tampa Cargo fleet, with deliveries to commence in December 2012.
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Through abstraction it is possible to extend legal rules, which are appropriate to the social phenomenon for which they were originally developed, to other social phenomena, thereby concealing the exercise of social power behind a veil of law'. A Supiot, Beyond Employment: Changes in Work and the Future of Labour Law in Europe (2001). S Deakin and F Wilkinson, The Law of the Labour Market (2005) 90. The EU's competences generally follow principles codified in the Community Charter of the Fundamental Social Rights of Workers 1989,See the Charter's text introduced in the "social chapter" of the Treaty of Maastricht.
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The Community of Serb Municipalities (), or Association of Serb Municipalities (), is a planned self-governing association of municipalities with a Serb majority population in Kosovo. The proposal for the association came as a result of the 2013 Brussels Agreement negotiated and concluded by the governments of Kosovo and Serbia. In accordance with the competences given by the European Charter of Local Self-Government and Kosovo law, the participating municipalities would be entitled to cooperate in exercising their powers collectively through the association. The association would have full overview of the areas of economic development, education, health, urban and rural planning.
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The Security Council welcomed political efforts to resolve the situation, in particular the "Basic Principles for the Distribution of Competences between Tbilisi and Sukhumi" to facilitate negotiations between Georgia and Abkhazia. It regretted the lack of progress on political status negotiations and the refusal of Abkhazia to discuss the document, further calling on both sides to overcome their mutual mistrust. All violations of the 1994 Agreement on a Cease-fire and Separation of Forces were condemned. The Council also welcomed the easing of tensions in the Kodori Valley and the signing of a protocol by both parties on 2 April 2002.
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Participants of the XXI season The main goal of the project is to develop knowledge, skills and abilities of its participants; this applies not only to high-school and university students taking the roles of diplomats, but members of the PSS's preparatory team as well. The project's participant carries off new insights, perfects soft skills and forms critical and analytical thinking. The project is open to all applicants regardless their interests and career plans, for it focuses on gaining competences which can be utilized in everyday life just as in any other field of human activity.
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The Agency for Care and Health relies on the Flemish Care Inspectorate for the inspection of any of the services it is responsible for. The agency has a yearly budget of around 3,850,000,000 euros, of which about half goes to the financing of elderly care. As of 2018, the agency has 285 employees, to which 12 employees will be added in 2019. These employees will be transferred from the National Institute for Health and Disability Insurance as a result of the sixth Belgian state reform, in which some additional competences were transferred from the Belgian federal government to the Communities.
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Presently it is constituted by thirty-nine deputies elected by universal, equal, free, direct and secret suffrage. The primary functions of the Parliament are: to exercise the legislative power, to approve the budgets of the Autonomous Community, to motivate and control the actions of the government, and to develop the rest of the competences that the Spanish Constitution, the Autonomy Statute and the rest of the legal order bestow on it. The President of the Autonomous Community holds the highest representation of the Community and ordinary representation of the Country in Cantabria, and presides over the Government, coordinating its activities. The Government of Cantabria Consejo de Gobierno , gobcantabria.
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In 2004 the ALFA Tuning Latin America Project aimed to 'fine tune' the educational structures that exist in Latin America, initiating a debate whose aim were to identify and improve co-operation between higher education institutions, so as to develop excellence, effectiveness, and transparency. This was an independent project, promoted and coordinated by universities in many different countries, both Latin American and European. Since 2008 to date, the university started a process of curriculum redesign to focus on competences, skills development and learning outcomes. During the redesign process the university ascribed to the Credit Transfer and Accumulation System for its graduate and postgraduate courses.
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The program, designed for students holding a bachelor's degree in Computer Science, Computer Engineering and, more in general, in the domain of Information and Communication Technologies is built around three major methodological pillars: the interaction with the physical world, the embedded (networked) system, and the embedded applications. Courses, integrated to provide a holistic picture of the diversified facets, are given by world renowned, award-winning professors and industrial leaders. Both modular intensive and regular, semester-long courses are offered so that technological awareness, competences and problem solving abilities are built and developed together, within the same framework. These are the profiles and qualifications that industry and research are looking for.
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The province of Greater Poland was acquired by Kingdom of Prussia following the Congress of Vienna, when it was detached from the Duchy of Warsaw and given to Prussia, where it became reorganized as the Grand Duchy of Posen. The King of Prussia gave the Grand Duchy the right to call a parliament in 1823, with specific decrees defining its competences in 1826. The parliament carried the traditions of the General Sejmik of Greater Poland, and insisted on using the Polish word sejm in its name. The Sejm met for the first time on 24 December 1827. The second sejm session begun on 30 January 1830.
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During 2005 there has been progress in the search for a consensus on competences and actors. A codevelopment line was mainstreamed in the Master Plans on Development Cooperation, and two years later, also in the new Integration Plan, called Strategic Plan on Citizenship and Integration 2007-2010, which was finally implemented in 2007, by the Ministry of Labour and Migration. Regional and local authorities soon adopted this win/win approach and consequently launched several codevelopment guidelines within their Integration Plans and Development Cooperation Strategies. Ending 2009, most of the Spanish Regions (Comunidades Autónomas) had considered codevelopment and had set up budget lines both for migrants' associations and Development NGOs.
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Within the scope of competences attributed by Portuguese government strategies and policies for economic and social development, INETI takes up the role of an interface between the results generated by research and development programmes and their technological integration into the private sector (including companies, and other organizations). Its participation in a range of international projects positions it both as a key partner for internationalisation and a source of specialist information across its respective fields. INETI, as a Portuguese Ministry of Economy and Innovation entity, further serves as consultant for public policies in a diverse range of fields including: energy, the environment, sustainability, metrology, norms and certification.
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Democratic supranational Communities, however, are defined by treaty and by law. The union has legal supremacy over its member states only to the extent that its member state governments have conferred competences on the union. It is up to the individual governments to assure that they have full democratic backing in each of the member states. The citizens of the member states, though retaining their nationality and national citizenship, additionally become citizens of the union, as is the case with the European Union The European Union, the only clear example of a supranational union, has a parliament with legislative oversight, elected by its citizens.
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Cossiga declared that his support for D'Alema was intended to end the conventional exclusion of the former communist leaders from the premiership in Italy. In 1999 UDR was dissolved and Cossiga returned to his activities as a senator, with competences in the Military Affairs' Commission. Cossiga's activity as a Senator, on the Senate's website In May 2006, Cossiga gave his support to the formation of Prodi's second government. In the same month, he brought in a bill that would allow the region of South Tyrol to hold a referendum, where the local electorate could decide whether to remain within the Republic of Italy, take independence, or become part of Austria again.
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King Saint Ladislaus and Matthias's coat-of-arms By the middle of the 15th century, the royal treasurer became the most influential member of the royal council. He was in charge to handle part of land-grants, administrated inland and customs revenues, as well as mining royalties, remitted the defrayments of the treasury, but also reported on military and executive matters of the royal castles and towns. The private landowners' income, however, belonged to the tasks of the castellan of Buda. As the direction of economic policies were not involved in the competences of the royal treasurer, the office had never become one of the great baronial dignities of the realm.
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In the Ivory Coast, Kouassi Yao has also worked as the National Director of Equality and Promotion of Gender, Technical Advisor to the Minister of Women, Member of the board of directors of the National Office of Drinking Water, National Coordinator of the Compendium of Female Skills, and as co-ordinator of the Compendium of Women's Competences of Côte d'Ivoire. She has also worked for UNESCO as a chair on their committee on Water, Women and Decision-making. For 2019 International Women's Day, Kouassi Yao was one of 20 Ivorian women honoured by the Global Platform for Enterprising Women. She was described as an "influential and inspiring woman".
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Local government was at the time organised under the Local Government Act 1972, which had been passed during Edward Heath's Conservative administration. Before this, local government in England had been a mixed system, with large urban areas being covered by unitary authorities called county boroughs, and the rest of the country having administrative county councils and many smaller district councils, with different competences. The 1972 Act abolished county boroughs, making them districts in two-tier counties. This, and the consequent loss of education, social services and libraries to county control, was strongly regretted by the larger towns outside the new metropolitan counties, such as Bristol, Plymouth, Stoke, Leicester and Nottingham.
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The Flemish Community ( ; ; ) is one of the three institutional communities of Belgium, established by the Belgian constitution and having legal responsibilities only within the precise geographical boundaries of the Dutch- language area and of the bilingual area of Brussels-Capital. Unlike in the French Community of Belgium,The parliament of the French Community is distinct from the Walloon Parliament; this is more obvious for the parliament of the German-speaking Community because its much smaller territory is within the latter region. the competences of the Flemish Community have been unified with those of the Flemish Region and are exercised by one directly elected Flemish Parliament based in Brussels.
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The General Secretary directly responds to the Minister of Defence for administrative competences and to the CSMD for the technical-operative ones, and he controls 9 general direction of the Ministry. Main tasks of the General Secretary of Defence are related to the actuation of directives issued by the Minister in the field of higher administration, to the operation of technical-administrative field of defence, to the promotion and coordination of technological research relative to weaponry materials. The General Secretary manages the supplying of means, materials and weapon systems for the Armed Forces, the support to the Italian defence industry and direct/indirect offsets.
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Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy of the Republic of Poland was formed in 2005 to administer issues related to labour and social policy of Poland. It was named Ministry of Labour and Social Policy until late 2015 when it was renamed to Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy. The ministry was formed from the former and short-lived Ministry of Social Affairs (created from 2004) and still existing, but reduced Ministry of Economy. From the Ministry of Economy, the new ministry acquired the competences in the fields of employment and combating unemployment, relations and conditions of labor, labor-related benefits, and trade union relations.
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The constitution of Spain of 1978 allowed for the nationalities and regions that integrate the Spanish nation to accede to self-government and be constituted as autonomous communities,First article. which became the first- order political and territorial division of the Spanish territory. Both the process whereby the nationalities and regions were to accede to self- government and the scope of competences that were to be devolved or transferred from the central government, were intended to be asymmetrical in nature. One of the main differences was established in the first additional provision of the constitution, after much debate in the Cortes Generales acting as a Constituent Assembly.
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The Northern Basque Country has 29,759 companies, 107 companies for 1,000 inhabitants and an annual growth of 4.5% (between 2004 and 2006). Invest-PaysBasque.com 66.2% of companies are in the tertiary sector (services), 14.5% in the secondary sector (manufacturing) and 19.3% in the primary sector (mainly agriculture, agribusiness, fishing and forestry). This includes an AOC wine, Irouléguy AOC. Although the Northern Basque Country is part of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques for most administrative entities, it does have its own Chamber of Commerce (the CCI Bayonne-Pays-Basque) and a distinct economy with a pole of competences around the boardsports industry including companies such as Quiksilver and Volcom based on the Basque Coast.
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The Husserlian elucidation of lifeworld provided a starting point for the phenomenological sociology of Alfred Schütz, who tried to synthesize Husserl's phenomenology of consciousness, meaning, and the life-world with Max Weber's sociology and its focus on subjectively meaningful action. Jürgen Habermas has further developed the concept of the lifeworld in his social theory. For Habermas, the lifeworld is more or less the "background" environment of competences, practices, and attitudes representable in terms of one's cognitive horizon. Compared to Husserl with his focus on consciousness, however, Habermas, whose social theory is grounded in communication, focuses on the lifeworld as consisting of socially and culturally sedimented linguistic meanings.
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Some of the Center for Intercultural Dialog's long-term cooperation with educational, research and cultural institutions, include the Berlin State Museums and the Dresden State Art Collections. The main focus of such cooperation projects is the improvement of intercultural competences, which is another profile factor of Berlin International. All projects by the center are supported by the Commissioner for Culture and Media of Federal German Republic, the German Academic Exchange Service with funds of the Federal Foreign Office, the Presidency for Turks abroad of the Prime Ministry of the Republic of Turkey and the Registered Society - Friends of the Museum of Islamic Art in the Pergamon Museum.
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Furthermore, important land-use cases, and conflicts between local governments fell under its jurisdiction, as did legal actions in connection with Possession (as opposed to Property actions). The last category was transferred to the original jurisdiction of the Hoge Raad after 1582, as was the original jurisdiction over cases of maritime law, and the grant of middelen van herstel en gunst (certain legal actions like e.g. the Cession of property by a debtor to his creditor). Unfortunately, when the Hoge Raad received its Instruction from the States-General in 1582 the Instruction of the Hof was not changed at the same time to reflect the transfer of competences in these respects.
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This was reverted again in 2000 when the secretariat of state was split in two. In 2004, the new government gave the competencies over Ibero-America to this Secretariat of State that before belonged to the Secretariat of State for International Cooperation but in 2008 this competences were assumed by a new Secretariat of State for Ibero-America and were re-assumed again in the very late 2010 under the name of Secretariat of State for Foreign and Ibero-American Affairs. With the Rajoy government, the Secretariat of State established its current structure, with the exception of everything regarding Ibero-America and the Caribbean, which was established in 2020.
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For example, Michael Howard, the Leader of the Opposition, said "Who will ever trust you again?" in his response to Blair's statement. In response, opponents of Howard have said that he himself has done a U-turn by asking for a referendum at all. Howard was a member of the Conservative Government that rejected calls for a referendum on the Maastricht Treaty in 1993. This treaty conferred many new competences on the Union, something that the new constitution does not do; this has led to some commentators arguing that it is inconsistent to demand a referendum on the constitutional treaty when one was not held on the Maastricht Treaty.
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The Young Liberals advocate civil liberties, sociopolitics and an ecologically sustainable social market economy. The JuLis focus on political freedom, self- responsibility, equal opportunity, deregulation and reducing the state's influence to its core competences such as the prevention from economic cartels. The Young Liberals often perceive themselves as the policy making stimulus of the FDP and try to propose innovations into the party, sometimes succeeding e.g. in the FDP's decision to challenge the abandonment of the German compulsory military service, to support of the concept of an ecologically-sustainable social market economy, and replacement of existing social welfare benefits with a basic income called Bürgergeld.
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She also co-founded the European Network of Community Psychologists (ENCP) which gave birth to the European Association Community Association (ECPA). She is a member of the editorial boards of the Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, the Global Journal of Community Psychology Practice, Psicologia di Comunità (Community Psychology) and Psicoterapia Familiare (Family Psychotherapy). During her academic career Francescato developed the concept and practice of innovative online teaching methodologies to teach professional competences using computer-supported collaborative learning. She also developed intervention methodologies to promote individual, group, organizational and community empowerment, as well as many intervention programs for the empowerment of women, immigrants and members of disadvantaged communities.
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Short History , Dâmboviţa County Prefecture Following the Romanian Revolution of 1989, a 1990 law brought back the prefecture as an "organ of state administration with general competences", composed of one prefect, two deputy prefects, one secretary and seven members. The law specified how the institution should be organised as well as its attributes. The office--one that represented the Government locally and headed devolved public services of ministries and other agencies--was enshrined in the constitution passed by referendum in December 1991, as well as by a law that year and in 2001. Further legislative reform began with the 2004 Law on the Prefect.
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In 2008, the former German president Roman Herzog claimed that the ECJ was overstepping its powers. He was particularly critical of the court's Mangold Judgment, which over-ruled a German law that would discriminate in favour of older workers. In 2011, the President of the Constitutional Court of Belgium, Marc Bossuyt, said that both the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights were taking on more powers by extending their competences, creating a threat of a "government by judges". He claimed that foreign judges were not always aware of the financial implications of their judgements on national governments.
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The Competences for Community Learning & Development, 2009 seen at , CLD Standards Council Website. The Scottish Government have introduced the following set of principles of which community learning and development related activities should be based on: # Empowerment – increasing the ability of individuals and groups to influence issues that affect them and their communities; # Participation – supporting people to take part in decision making; # Inclusion, equality of opportunity and anti- discrimination – recognising that some people may need additional support to overcome the barriers they face; # Self-determination – supporting the right of people to make their own choices; and #Partnership – recognising that many agencies can contribute to CLD to ensure resources are used effectively.
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The commission established a parallel governing-system, opened Albanian language schools and was recognised as a legitimate executive within the population. The funds needed for the organisation of the parallel system were raised from two sources: 3% from a funding plan established by the Kosovo Government in Exile, and from The Financial Council of Kosovo. Although formally they were elected the local nomenclature was almost non-existent because the competences were taken over by the commissions which functioned as a form of national government. The second elections were organised in 1998, but organisation was poor as the region had been subject to war since 1997.
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In 1990, the Ministry was fusionated with the Ministry of Development but maintain the communications department intact. It wasn't until 2000 when the department was elevated to the level of Secretariat of State and the current department is officially created. At the beginning received the name of Secretariat of State for Telecommunications and for the Information Society and depended from the Ministry of Science from 2000 to 2004 and from the Ministry of Industry since 2004 to its renovation in 2016. In 2016, a new government reestructuration created a new ministry with competences over Energy, Tourism and Communications, being called Ministry of Energy, Tourism and Digital Agenda.
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The training standard that specifies the competency is the benchmark for assessment, and to be valid the assessment must comply exactly with its requirements, so that nothing required by the standard is omitted, and nothing that is not required is included. The assessment tools for a skill therefore need to be designed so that they allow the skill to be tested in compliance with the requirements of the standard. It can be useful to map the assessment tools to the specific competences to ensure that they cover the full scope of the standard. There may be a requirement for periodical validation of assessment tools.
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The public corporate entity Aeropuertos Españoles y Navegación Aérea (Aena) changed its name to ENAIRE (Legislative Royal Decree 8, of 4 July 2014). ENAIRE continues with the same nature and juridical regime envisaged for the public corporate entity Aena, holding exclusive competences in relation to air navigation and airspace, as well as national and international operational coordination of the national air traffic management network. In addition, ENAIRE holds 51% of the shares of Aena S.A., which has been listed on the Stock Exchange since 11 February 2015. The Secretary of State for Infrastructure, Transport and Housing, Rafael Catalá Polo, became chairman of the Public Corporate Entity ENAIRE on 15 July 2014.
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In 1985, the Institute was transformed into a Directorate-General being called Directorate- General of the Spanish Institute for Emigration. The name of this directorate was changed in 1991 to Directorate-General for Migration, a more accurate name because since 1985 this directorate had competences not only over emigration, but also over all kind of migrations.Royal Decree 1458/1991, of October 11, by which the General Directorate of Migrations of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security is created. The Directorate-General change its name many times, in 1996 to Directorate-General for Labor and Migration and in 1998 Directorate General for the Regulation of Migrations.
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The Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia (FAS) () is the federal-level executive governmental organ that controls the execution of the antitrust law and related areas. It is headed by Igor Artemiev. It was established by the Decree of President of Russia #314 by March 9, 2004. In July 2015, on a proposal of the Prime-Minister of Russia Dmitry Medvedev President Vladimir Putin approved the merger of the Federal Tariffs Service with the FAS Russia, adding thus to the competences of the latter mandate with price and tariff regulation, regulation of electricity tariffs, gas prices and certain other tariffs and some functions of natural monopoly regulation.
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Abolition of ZUS (Social Insurance Institution) and KRUS (Agricultural Social Insurance Fund) and transferring their competences to the tax administration. Yet another proposal is free access to the internet in the entire country. The party also pledges to increase disability benefit and to introduce a paid weekly holiday for carers of the disabled. Spring is proposing to reform the current 500+ (child benefit) system so that it would include payment for the first child and to lone fathers or mothers (right now 500+ is only paid for the second and next child, only for first if parent/s income does not exceed a certain amount set by the government).
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It has become a place of socialization or leisure for most people, especially women. > Indeed, the pleasures, meanings and competences which consumers put to work > in shopping centres and department stores are far broader than their ability > to bargain on price and purchase objects: in these spaces people do not just > buy things, they keep up with the world of things, spending time with > friends in a polished environment filled with both fantasy and information. > In fact, around a third of those who enter a shopping centre leave without > having bought anything. In practice, thus, window shopping is an assorted activity, done differently according to the shopper’s social identity.
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The Security Council welcomed political efforts to resolve the situation, in particular the "Basic Principles for the Distribution of Competences between Tbilisi and Sukhumi" to facilitate negotiations between Georgia and Abkhazia. It urged Abkhazia to consider the details of the document and for both sides to overcome their mutual mistrust. All violations of the 1994 Agreement on a Cease-fire and Separation of Forces were condemned. The Council also welcomed the signing of a protocol by both parties on the situation in the Kodori Valley on 17 January 2002 and urged Georgia in particular to implement its provisions and for Abkhazia not to take advantage of the Georgian withdrawal.
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The basic type of judicial division of Portugal is the comarca, corresponding to the territorial area of jurisdiction of a judicial court of first instance. The judiciary organization reform of 2014 simplified the judicial division of Portugal, that until then included 231 comarcas, grouped in 57 círculos judiciais (judicial circles), by themselves grouped in four distritos judiciais (judicial districts). Depending on the size of its population, each comarca could have from a single judicial court of generic competence to a complex structure of diverse courts of specific competences (civil, criminal, criminal procedure, labor, family, etc.). Since 2014, the country has the comarca as its single type of judicial division.
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Ministry of Interior's decree issued in 28 April 2006 says that: Competences of every Police force, including PolTel, has been revised by the Minniti Decree of 15 August 2017, which defines: PolTel is also engaging in investigations to prevent and counteract copyright violations which can be performed online, cooperating with other Italian Police forces and in particular with Guardia di Finanza according to the art. 2, paragraph 2, letter l of the legislative decree n. 68 of 2001. The special Police department guarantees also the general integrity and functionality of the computer network, including the protection of critical infrastructures managed with IT systems and of all national strategic assets.
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In 2010, the American Association of Colleges of Nursing and the Hartford Institute for Geriatric Nursing published the Recommended Baccalaureate Competences and Curricular Guidelines for the Nursing Care of Older Adults. Between 2007 and 2009 the Geriatric Nursing Education Consortium created teaching tools and trained educators in the US to improve gerontological content in nursing education. A few initiatives that were taken to improve gerontological care is “The Nurse Competence in Aging” project which focused on providing grants and assistance to over 50 specialty nursing organizations and provided nurses with a free online gerontological nursing resource center. This resource center can be assessed using the computer, an iPAD, or iPhone applications.
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More widely, the euro-sceptic arguments of the Vlaams Belang are based on four pillars: # loss of sovereignty (for instance on economic sovereignty or on the binding legal order); #the financial cost of the European Union; # less competences for European Union; # leaving the euro (even though in 2019 the party has changed its line and now wants to reform the euro). During the 2019 European election and the 2019 Belgian Federal Election Vlaams Belang made substantial gains in both and polled in second place in Flemish region. At the beginning of 2019 the Party was enrolled in the group of European Alliance of People and Nations in the European Parliament.
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The legal basis for the action taken by the Commission and the ECB can be considered debatable. The creation of this mechanism was due to a political and legal gap in the Treaty of Maastricht. Article 125 TFEU together with article 123 TFEU prevents countries of the eurozone with financial problems from being supported by other stakeholders, like the European Central Bank, European Union institutions or other eurozone countries, within the Monetary Union.Therefore, the competences of the Troika originated in a statement taken by the Heads of State and Government of the EU member states to establish a joint programme and to provide conditional bilateral loans to Greece.
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There are also major differences of opinion between FPÖ and BZÖ about the future of the Federal Council, the upper house of the Austrian Parliament. While the FPÖ would like to enhance it to a real "Länderkammer", the BZÖ calls for political reforms to abolish the Council and to replace its competences with the Landeshauptleutekonferenz. The idea behind this is "to end the blocking politics by the provinces" and furthermore he states' "governors and a small number of councillors should represent their home regions interests after such a reform". Party leader Josef Bucher also suggested to abolish the Federal President and instead make the Federal Chancellor a directly-elected "Chancellor President".
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Specific land codes (1858), civil codes (1869–1876), and a code of civil procedure also were enacted. These reforms were based heavily on French models, as indicated by the adoption of a three-tiered court system. Referred to as Nizamiye, this system was extended to the local magistrate level with the final promulgation of the Mecelle, a civil code that regulated marriage, divorce, alimony, will, and other matters of personal status. In an attempt to clarify the division of judicial competences, an administrative council laid down that religious matters were to be handled by religious courts, and statute matters were to be handled by the Nizamiye courts.
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The international outlook of the VBS model is further illustrated by the fact that the HAK Floridsdorf (Franklinstrasse) is a UNESCO school (one of 44 in Austria), and has partner schools in Denmark and Poland. Furthermore, there is an emphasis on familiarising students with the European Union, for example through Europatage (Europe days) or projects, as for example in the case of the HAK Floridsdorf. Through the concept of HAK Plus, the Vienna Business School focuses particularly on exceptionally talented students, and enriches the existing HAK curriculum with additional skills, such as methodological, personal and social competences, as well as encouraging students to participate in extracurricular activities.
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The existence of the community guards is generally understood as a concession of the federal parliament to the security requirements of the Austrian States (Land), due to the fact, that there is no state police allowed. In order to avoid a weakening of the security competences of the federal administration as far as possible, which would have been the case by setting up a state police, the municipalities were given security-related tasks. Municipal police forces have existed since the beginning of the First Republic of Austria. They were increasingly established where they were found to be necessary due to the tourist situation, such as in some spa resorts.
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To support new students during their first weeks and months at HHU, senior students have been offering orientation tutorials for several years. These are meant to communicate both subject-specific studying and working techniques as well as to act as practical guides to the support and service structures of the university. In addition to academic knowledge, social key competences and language skills are essential prerequisites for a successful start into working life. This is why HHU offers counselling and training in job-relevant skills through its Careers service, the Languages Centre, the Department German as a Foreign Language, the General Studies Centre, and the job-oriented modular study programme KUBUS.
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The educational process at the department based on the principles of dialogical conception of education, aimed to form integrative and communicative competences and involves teaching students of foreign language communication in the context of different cultures. The faculty introduces the basic principles of the Bologna process, uses the European forms of work. Teachers developed and offered to students to choose different kinds of special courses on problems of modern language, literature and methods of teaching foreign languages. They practice innovative forms of individual and independent work: INDZ (Individual Research Assignment), online and group projects, working with linguistic CDs, current and complete computer testing, etc.
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The legislative process in Russia includes three hearings in the State Duma, then approvals by the Federation Council, the upper house and sign into law by the President. Draft laws may originate in either legislative chamber, or they may be submitted by the president, the Government, local legislatures and the Supreme Court, the Constitutional Court, or the Superior Court of Arbitration within their respective competences. Draft laws are first considered in the State Duma. Upon adoption by a majority of the full State Duma membership, a draft law is considered by the Federation Council, which has fourteen days to place the bill on its calendar.
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However, on 1 November 2005, he announced his decision to stay in Bavaria, due to personnel changes on the SPD side of the coalition (Franz Müntefering resigned as SPD chairman) and an unsatisfactory apportionment of competences between himself and designated Science minister Annette Schavan. Stoiber also resigned his seat in the 16th Bundestag, being a member from 18 October to 8 November. Subsequently, criticism grew in the CSU, where other politicians had to scale back their ambitions after Stoiber's decision to stay in Bavaria. On 18 January 2007, he announced his decision to stand down from the posts of minister-president and party chairman by 30 September.
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The Constitutional Court (, ) is a special court, defined by the Portuguese Constitution as part of the judicial branch of the Portuguese political organization. Unlike the rest of the country's courts, the Constitutional Court has important characteristics, such as a special composition, and unique competences. The main task of the court is to review the constitutionality of the newly approved laws, but it also has important powers related to the President of the Republic, the political parties, and referenda. The Portuguese Constitution defines the Constitutional Court as a completely independent organ that operates independently from the other branches of government, such as the Executive or the Legislative.
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The learner should be able to elaborate a research plan, organised around bibliography, documents and other sources (oral, written, material), as appropriate to address the questions posed and to revise (broaden, perfect) it in relation to his or her findings. Ability to identify and utilise appropriate sources of information for a research project The European Union is sometimes compared to an onion (as a sphere) with concentric layers. This is because it has a horizontal synchronic geographical segmentation and a diachronic vertical periodization. Learners need to acquire competences that allow them to distinguish, compare and analyse different periods and spaces of European and European Union history.
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We hope to identify the extent to which the competences listed are sufficient to enable a student to use digital materials and e-learning tools. Our initial results suggest that considerable numbers of university lecturers are making use of some digital resources and e-learning tools, but that not all resources available are used equally. Thus databases of sources are more popular than YouTube videos, and e-learning platforms are used more often than wikis and blogs. Many expressed concerns about the limited nature of training available to staff, which helps explain the disproportionate use of the least challenging digital and e-learning resources.
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The Budget Act of 1900 created the Ministry of Public Instruction and Fine Arts which assumed the responsibilities on culture until 1977. During this period, the Directorate-General for Fine Arts was created in 1915 which had competences on civil constructions related to National Monuments, Museums, Artistic Schools, Painting, Music Schools and other entities of an artistic nature and in 1939 it was created the Directorate-General for Archives and Libraries. Both merged in 1974 in a new Directorate-General for Artistic and Cultural Heritage. In 1946 it was created the Directorate-General for Cinematography and Theater which main task was to censor this cultural sectors.
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Guglielmo Marconi University was originally promoted by the Tertium Foundation, a consortium formed by "Cassa di Risparmio di Roma", the InterUniversity consortium FOR.COM “Formazione per la Comunicazione”, WIND Telecomunicazioni, "Cassa di Risparmio di Bologna" and CARISBO, NTA Srl, in Rome, Italy. The name of the atheneum originates from Guglielmo Marconi, the inventor of long-distance radio transmission, and is one of Italy's oldest telematic institution. Its wide range of lectures, symposiums, workshops and research projects, explore the use of technological advancements in education, providing interdisciplinary knowledge, skills and competences, with a particular emphasis on the global perspective, on the 4th industrial revolution professionals and on contemporary culture.
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The SKL was reestablished in 1937 and deeply linked in the Naval High Command, the Commander-in-Chief also being the commander of the SKL with the Commander of the Naval Command Department (Marinekommandoamt) as the Chief of Staff. Though the competences of the SKL initially were equal to their role in World War I, they were narrowed when the Naval Command Department was split from it. The command was limited to except-domestic sea-areas, where the naval group commands did not possess the operational guidance. Also, the submarine war split and were, under the Commander of the submarines (Befehlshaber der U-Boote), directly subordinate to the Commander-in-Chief.
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A marketing co-operation or marketing cooperation is a partnership of at least two companies on the value chain level of marketing with the objective to tap the full potential of a market by bundling specific competences or resources. Other terms for marketing co-operation are marketing alliance, marketing partnership, co-marketing, and cross-marketing. Sometimes, called as Consortium as well. Marketing co-operations are sensible when the marketing goals of two companies can be combined with a concrete performance measure for the end consumer. Successful marketing co-operations generate “win-win-win” situations that offer value not only to both partnering companies but also to their customers.
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The objective of Executive MBA is to train the new generation of leaders who will have the capacity to take up these challenges: how to build sustainable value; transformational and positive leadership; global and systemic decision-making; managing innovation and change; managing and capitalising upon multicultural dynamics. Executive MBA is targeted at people having responsibilities in an organisation and who have a career development project towards a new role involving leadership and human competences. IÉSEG Executive MBA is accredited by AMBA. This programme provides a registered title with the French RNCP (National Repertory of Professional Certification) Level 1, recognised in France and in Europe.
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The HiFL® regulations refers to the statute as adopted by the Executive Management Board (EMB) that contain the basic principles and detailed rules regarding the governance of the HiFL games and competition. In particular, they specify, based on the fundamental structure, general principles regarding the internal organisation of the MOC, LOC and EMB. They further specify, within the framework of the general regime of competences the general principles regarding the duties, powers and responsibilities of certain bodies, units and other entities of HiFL® as well as of the members of those bodies. Finally, the Regulations clearly defines best practices regarding the execution of the competition in its entirety.
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Damares Alves, Minister of Women, Family and Human Rights, lamented the event and offered support by the Ministry. Rodrigo Maia, President of the Chamber of Deputies, expressed his solidarity towards the families of victims and said that "it's time for Brazil to unite forces and competences to understand what happened and prevent new massacres like that one from occurring". Davi Alcolumbre, President of the Senate, expressed his condolences and tweeted: "I hope that the real causes behind that tragedy be discovered". As a result of the shooting, many congress members brought the question of gun control back into debate, with some criticizing the relaxation of gun laws.
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The Commission's original strategy to encourage exchanges of policies and practices between the Education Ministries of the European Union was based on the development of thematic working groups in the various areas covered by the strategy. Member States were to take part on those areas which interested them. In practice, only a certain number of these groups functioned well - notably those in the areas of teacher training, ICTs and Education/training, key competences for school leavers, and measuring progress through indicators and benchmarks. The latter group has overseen the production of reports by the Commission each year measuring progress and analysing movements in educational indicators against a set of benchmarks (see below).
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Parliamentary life began in Egypt as early as 1866, and since then several forms of national assemblies have been formed, dismantled and amended to reach the present-day form. Since 1866, Egypt witnessed seven parliamentary systems whose legislative and oversight competences varied and reflected the history of the Egyptian people's struggle to establish a society based on democracy and freedom. For more than 135 years of parliamentary history Egypt witnessed 32 Parliaments whose members ranged between 75 and 458 who contributed to writing Egypt's modern political social, economic and cultural history. According to the present-day constitution, the Parliament consists only of the House of Representatives ("Maǧlis an-Nowwab"), a 596-member lower house.
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Today the leading bishop is elected for ten years from the synod and can be reelected for a second term. Since 1817, when the Lutheran, Calvinist and newly founded united congregations formed a common administrative umbrella, later called Evangelical Church in Prussia's older Provinces, the area comprised by today's church body formed part of the two old-Prussian ecclesiastical provinces of Silesia () and of the March of Brandenburg (). Until 1933/1934 the spiritual leaders of the Evangelical church were called general superintendents () with regional competences. The adulteration of the church constitution by the Nazi- submissive German Christians was accompanied by new titles (provincial bishop, ) with hierarchical supremacy over parishioners and church employees, and renamings (provosts instead of general superintendents).
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Just like the preceding Postulate Sejm, the Estates had very limited competences: they met to hear the Emperor decrees, distribute tax assessments, grant Galician titles of nobility to individuals who already held similar titles elsewhere in the Austrian Empire, prepare petitions and appeals to be heard by the Emperor. Polish 19th-century historian, Henryk Schmitt, wrote that the role of the Estates was to listen to the government decisions, and file petitions, which often waited for the royal reply for several years; he thus notes that the Estates were powerless, a "comedy", their only purpose being to fulfill the Congress of Vienna requirement of having some form of "national representation" on the lands of the Austrian partition.
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Mariano Rajoy's government stated shortly after its intention to block such a referendum, which it considered unconstitutional and not within the competences of the Autonomous Community. In spite of this, a not legally sanctioned referendum was held as scheduled, with over 80% voting for independence, albeit on a low turnout of around 40%. Independence parties considered the result a success. Artur Mas explained in a public act on 25 November his plan to reach independence, proposing calling an extraordinary regional election—turned into an alternative vote on independence—at some point during 2015, on the condition that ERC agreed to join a common list with his party to stand together at the polls.
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The implicit hierarchy gender stereotype is stronger for men than it is for women, which means men end up with more status and power than women. These status beliefs are "widely held cultural beliefs that link greater social significance and general competences, as well as positive and negative skills, with one category of social distinction compared to another" (Ridgeway, 2001 p. 638). Because these are so ingrained in culture, individual accomplishments cannot overcome the disadvantages that come with being in a lower status group. Thomas-Hunt and Phillips (2004) found that female leaders who held expertise were less influential than male leaders, and that having expertise actually decreased how expert others perceived them to be.
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Medawar presented a talk on viviparity in animals (the phenomenon by which some animals give live birth) at a meeting on evolution at Oxford in July 1952. Later published in 1953, he introduced an aphorism: > Endocrine evolution is not an evolution of hormones but an evolution of the > uses to which they are put; an evolution not, to put it crudely, of chemical > formulae but of reactivities, reaction patterns and tissue competences. The notion that evolution and diversity of endocrine function in animals are due to different uses of each hormone rather than different hormones themselves became an established fact. The paper is also regarded as a pioneer in the field of reproductive immunology.
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Shared understanding produced by direct communication creates a collective consciousness of instrumental knowledge—technological reality—and of moral rules—value reality—capable of generating prescribed patterns of correlated behavior. Habermas reasoned that mutual understanding produced by communicative action provides socially legitimate value-rational norms. But power structures, such as Weber's religions, bureaucracies, and markets, prescribe contaminated patterns of behavior resulting in "cultural impoverishment" similar to Weber's disenchantment. He shared Weber's fear of the domination of instrumental over value-rational action: "... instrumental rationality (as functionalist reason) has expanded from its appropriate realm of system organization into the lifeworld, and has thereby begun to erode the communicative competences of the members of that lifeworld".
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In Competing for the Future, the authors C. K. Prahalad and Gary Hamel show how executives can develop the industry foresight necessary to adapt to industry changes and discover ways of controlling resources that will enable the company to attain goals despite any constraints. Executives should develop a point of view on which core competencies can be built for the future to revitalize the process of new business creation. Developing an independent point of view of tomorrow's opportunities and building capabilities that exploit them is the key to future industry leadership. For an organization to be competitive, it needs not only tangible resources but intangible resources like core competences that are difficult and challenging to achieve.
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ToolboX is an integrated development environment designed to introduce computer programming in academic subjects with originally no competences in this matter. Its design is based on the premise that, when solving a problem, a student performs a sequence of computations (i.e., proceeds in an algorithmic way), that can be expressed in a computer language, similarly to how it is done on a notebook or blackboard. Besides the environment and the academic contents, ToolboX compiles students' usage data and process it by means of big data algorithms based on artificial intelligence (just in the Andalusian region, a million students have access to this tool, after being integrated in the Guadalinex and Guadalinfo repositories).
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Based on the competences he acquired in this position, Mronz was also appointed Head of the Organising Committee of the World Equestrian Games in 2006, the second largest sporting event in Germany after the Football World Cup that was staged in the same year. For the first time since the Equestrian and Driving World Championships were founded in 1990, this event succeeded in closing on a positive net result. After the great success of the FEI World Equestrian Games, the trade magazine “Horizont” elected Michael Mronz as “Sports Manager of the Year”. In his capacity as Marketing Director, Mronz was responsible for the marketing and ticketing of the World Athletics Championships in 2009 in Berlin.
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The Grundtvig programme is a European funding programme that is part of the European Commission’s Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013European Commission - The Lifelong Learning Programme 2007-2013 and aims to strengthen the European dimension in adult education and lifelong learning across Europe. The programme specifically seeks to address the educational challenge of an ageing population and to provide adults with alternative pathways to updating their skills and competences. The Grundtvig programme encompasses all types of learning, whether these take place in the 'formal' or 'non-formal' system of education for adults, or in more 'informal' ways, such as autonomous learning, community learning or experiential learning. It is open to anyone in adult education.
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The territorial administration in Spain in which 17 autonomous communities were created is known as the "State of the Autonomies". The 15 communities which are not part of the chartered regime belong to what is known as a "common regime", in which the central government is in charge of collecting taxes from all communities and then redistributing them for purposes of a so-called "fiscal-equalization". In practice, richer common- regime communities become net contributors, while poorer communities are net recipients of redistributed money from the central government. Since the two chartered communities collect all taxes themselves and only send a quota for those competences that still belong to the central government, they do not receive anything back.
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The implication of all this is that teacher educators must also be highly skilled in reflective practice. Andrea Gelfuso and Danielle Dennis, in a report on a formative experiment with student teachers, suggested that teaching how to reflect requires teacher educators to possess and deploy specific competences. However, Janet Dyment and Timothy O'Connell, in a small-scale study of experienced teacher educators, noted that the teacher educators they studied had received no training in using reflection themselves, and that they in turn did not give such training to their students; all parties were expected to know how to reflect. Many writers advocate for teacher educators themselves to act as models of reflective practice.
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Provisional Administration (Polish Administracja Zastępcza) was one of the branches of the Department of Internal Affairs of the Government Delegate’s Office at Home in Poland during World War II. It was created in 1940 as a joint initiative of the Headquarters of the Armia Krajowa and the Delegate's Office. It was a kind of shadow administration prepared for the moment of either liberation of Poland or the start of an all-national armed uprising. It was based on the Polish pre-war administrative division, composed of three grades (voivodeship-powiat-gmina), combined with the pre-war military division. In August 1943 the division of competences between the army and the civilian authorities was agreed.
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Spanish "technical engineers" have full competency in their respective professional field of engineering, being the difference that the three or four year Engineers have competence only in their speciality (Mechanical, Electrical, Chemical, etc.)and the "Engineering Superior School" Engineers have wider competences. In the United States, the Technology Accreditation Commission of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) grants 2-year associate degree programs to students that meet a set of specified standards. These programs include at least a college algebra and trigonometry course and, if needed, one or two basic science courses at any accredited school. The number of math and science prerequisite courses depends on the branch of engineering that the student chooses.
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Right across the Highway from the Volkswagen Plant in Puebla, Mexico; and also in 1998 Automotive Veritas de México was established. A long prepared step, that signalized the expansion of the product range and the core-competences, was taken in 1999: the corporation changed its name. This step towards modernization was the renaming, from Veritas Gummiwerke AG to Veritas AG. The expertise does not anymore lay solely on the manufacture of rubber articles. Plastic and metal components equally belong to the product assortment that Veritas, as a successful worldwide supplier of automotive systems, is reckoned with The internationalization of Veritas grew further in 2005, with the acquisition of PS Fertigungstechnik GmbH in Austrian Mieders, where metal products were made.
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The provincial delegates considered that moving the congress to Buenos Aires was oriented to put pressure on the congressmen to secure benefit for the Buenos Aires porteño in the concluding constitutional text. In 1819, these fears became true in the project of the Argentine Constitution of 1819, characterised by a strong centralism around Buenos Aires. The text didn't even aboard the subject of the method of election of the Director of State, but guaranteed him wide competences, including the designation of the provincial governments and the heads of the national administration. The congress also ordered San Martín and Manuel Belgrano to return to the capital with their armies, to defend the authority of the Directory.
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Echeverría, who had joined People's Alliance (AP) on 24 September 1981, ran as candidate in the list of the AP–PDP–UL coalition for the 1983 Madrid municipal election but he was not elected then. Nonetheless he became a member of the Madrid City Council later in the term, on 27 February 1987, covering a vacant seat. He renovated the seat in the May 1987 election, in which he had run 9th in the AP list. After the 1989 successful vote of no-confidence on Juan Barranco and the subsequent investiture of Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún as the new Mayor he became a member of the municipal government board, charged with the competences of Economy and Finance.
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Re-elected in 1991, he had powers in Urbanism during the first municipal government of José María Álvarez del Manzano. During his last term at the city council, between 1995 and 1999 he had competences in Traffic and Citizen Security, also becoming the first deputy Mayor in 1996, replacing Esperanza Aguirre. Following problems in the municipal areas of government within his powers, such as the forging of signatures of municipal policemen, or a municipal by-law punishing people running in the street and people waiting for the bus outside of the shelter, the PP decided to remove him from government responsibilities and designate him a candidate to the 1999 regional election, with no intended executive responsibilities.
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Despite the size of the CHOGM, it was the shortest held, due to the diffusion of powers to other organs that met separately, and had a markedly lower profile than other CHOGMs. The role of the Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group (CMAG) was questioned, in the light of the previous month's military coup in Pakistan, which necessitated Pakistan's suspension from the Commonwealth (hence its non-attendance). However, the competences of CMAG were unchanged by the CHOGM, and its remit was renewed for another two years. Pakistan itself was also not subject to any head of government ministerial action, and decision was postponed until a later date, once the fall-out from the coup could finally be assessed.
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The debates on competitivity brought up the importance of education again. The government encouraged initiatives which went beyond the practices of traditional teaching and which represented innovative projects: the "Neie Lycée", a pilot school based on cooperation and themed projects; "Eis Schoul", a research primary school based on inclusive teaching methods; the "École de la 2e chance" (School of the Second Chance) for school-leavers; and a cross-border school, the Deutsch- Luxemburgisches Schengen-Lyzeum Perl. In 2007, the government submitted three bills which would replace the education law of 1912. Learning was now defined in terms of competences to be acquired, and the age of mandatory schooling was raised to the age of 16.
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As her tomato throwing quickly became a lasting symbol for the confident and autonomous feminist movement which emerged rapidly in West Germany during the ensuing ten years, Sigrid Rüger herself withdrew into the political background. She took a job with the West Berlin-based Federal (i.e. 'national') Institute for Professional Education and Training ("Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung"), where she worked for many years, and for which, during her final years, the focus of her work was on "social qualifications" and "social competences". She became the author and / or producer of a succession of articles and monographs on vocational education and professional development, with a particular emphasis on these topics as they relate to women.
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These findings have led to studies of code-mixing in psychology and psycholinguistics. Sridhar and Sridhar define code-mixing as "the transition from using linguistic units (words, phrases, clauses, etc.) of one language to using those of another within a single sentence". They note that this is distinct from code-switching in that it occurs in a single sentence (sometimes known as intrasentential switching) and in that it does not fulfill the pragmatic or discourse-oriented functions described by sociolinguists. (See Code-mixing in sociolinguistics, above.) The practice of code-mixing, which draws from competence in two languages at the same time suggests that these competences are not stored or processed separately.
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In the first chapter Eco argues against Nietzsche's assertion that the truth is a poetically elaborated "mobile army of metaphors, metonymies and anthropomorphisms" that subsequently get into knowledge, "illusions whose illusory nature has been forgotten". In chapter two, working with ideas derived from Charles Sanders Peirce and Immanuel Kant, Eco compares linguistic and perceptual meaning when confronted with the unencountered. Chapter three explores the Aztec encounter with the horse in terms of Cognitive Type, the private mechanism that allows identification of an object, and of Nuclear Content, which clarifies the relevant features inter-subjectively. To this is added Molar Content, which provides a much broader range of knowledge, even if restricted to specific competences.
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However, Papen also lacked majority support in the Reichstag. His only means to govern was through the emergency provisions of Article 48, and hence via decrees issued by the Reichspräsident Hindenburg, over whom Papen had great influence. The emergency decree of July 20 dismissed the Braun government and declared Papen Reichskommissar (Reich Commissioner) for Prussia, vested in him all the competences of the Prussian ministries, and gave him direct control over the Prussian government.: :Ein Tag als Lehrstück: für die antidemokratische Skrupellosigkeit der Konservativen jener Jahre, für die Hilflosigkeit und Ermattung der stets nur rhetorisch kraftvoll auftretenden Sozialdemokratie, für die Erosion und den Zerfall der republiktreuen Mitte - schon Monate vor der Etablierung des NS-Regimes.
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Feedback from magistrates' appraisals The law and procedures pertaining to magistrates' courts occasionally change, therefore "update training" is provided for magistrates. When there are major changes in legislation, magistrates will be provided with written material or formal training sessions to help them to learn and apply the new law. The justices' clerk and his/her legal advisers play an important part in the training of magistrates by assisting in the delivery of training and providing support in the court room. For a magistrate who wishes to become a court chairman, or to sit in the youth court or family proceedings court, there is additional training to prepare them for the specific competences required for these roles.
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The military educational system, according to the concept of military strategy of the National Armed Forces, has a mission to educate, train and develop professionals pro-active, responsible, aware of the commitment with the defense in depth and its participated actively in the development of the country, achieving a comprehensive and interdisciplinary training that enable them to interact with the management of public or private; the education system will be geared towards a sound humanistic, scientific, research and spiritual culture that promotes leadership and educational self-management, development of competences, which facilitates the adaptation of their knowledge to the continuous transformation of science and technology, with emphasis on the observance and respect of human rights and international humanitarian law.
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In 2019, Danko presided ceremonial assembly of the National Council of the Slovak Republic on the occasion of presidential inauguration of Zuzana Čaputová in the Slovak Philharmonic, and delivered an unscheduled speech to address the participants. This caused a breach of a protocol which states that duties of the outgoing president cease at 12.00 GMT+1 and the elect takes office. Slovak laws state that in an event of vacant presidential seat, some competences of the president are passed to the Speaker of the National Council and to the Government of the Slovak republic. Zuzana Čaputová sworn at 12.07, so there were some polemics, who was the president for this seven minutes.
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The Security Council welcomed political efforts to resolve the situation, in particular the "Basic Principles for the Distribution of Competences between Tbilisi and Sukhumi" to facilitate negotiations between Georgia and Abkhazia. It regretted the lack of progress on political status negotiations and the refusal of Abkhazia to discuss the document, further calling on both sides to overcome their mutual mistrust. All violations of the 1994 Agreement on a Cease-fire and Separation of Forces were condemned, though a protocol signed on 12 May 2005 to strengthen its implementation was welcomed. The Council also welcomed the calm in the Kodori Valley and the signing of a protocol by both parties on 2 April 2002.
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The schools manages certain levels of schools, including Kindergarten, Elementary, Junior, Senior high, and Vocational School. Telkom Fondation also manages four higher education Institutions, Telkom University, Telkom College of Telematics Technology (ST4), Sandhy Putra Tourism Academy Bandung & Telkom Academy Jakarta. Moreover, Telkom Foundation also manages Telkom Professional Development Center (Telkom PDC),, Telkom PDC a training center dedicated in developing Indonesian Human Resource Competences. Realizing the great size of financial power requires in developing education quality, in lines with attempt to complying World Class University level in 2017, Telkom Foundation has established several alternative funding sources; as up until now, Telkom Foundation developed four holding companies, which consist of PT. Edu Jasa Utama (PT.
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The REIO member States are supposed to do the same. Article 17(4) contains the "disconnection clause" that should ensure that REIOs' legal regimes are unaffected by the operation of the Electronic Communications Convention. The matter has important practical consequences. In fact, the absence of an agreed declaration on the distribution of competences between the European Union and its member States has prevented those States from signing or becoming a party to the Electronic Communications Convention:Wolfgang Kilian, "The Electronic Communications Convention: a European Union Perspective", in Amelia H. Boss and Wolfgang Kilian (eds), The United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts: An In-Depth Guide and Sourcebook.
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Castrillo de Larreta-Azelain (2014), being one of the first published papers that focuses on the roles, competences and methodological strategies of teachers in LMOOCs, on the basis of empirical research, identifies their main roles from a theoretical and practical standpoint.Castrillo de Larreta- Azelain, MD (2014). Language Teaching in MOOCs: the Integral Role of the Instructor. In E. Martin Monje & E. Barcena (eds.) Language MOOCs: Providing Learning, Transcending Boundaries. (2014). Berlin: DeGruyter Open, 69–92. The proposed framework links to Salmon's theoretical tutoring modelSalmon, G. (2003). E-moderating: the key to teaching and learning online (2nd edition). London: Routledge. (Salmon, 2003) and is based on Hampel & Stickler's skills pyramid,Hampel, R. & Stickler, U. (2005).
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European Works Councils can be established in multinationals operative in more than two EEA countries if they pass a certain threshold of number of employees. Currently, the company (or the group of companies) needs to employ at least 1000 employees in the EEA and at least 150 employees in two member states. If a company passes these thresholds, an initiative can be taken by the employer or the employees to establish a European Works Council. After such an initiative, a Special Negotiation Body enters into negotiation on the practicalities of the European Works Council: the composition, the competences, the amount of meeting, the need for translation and interpretation in the meetings and much more.
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The majority of courses can be taken as either a Weekend or an Evening option. This is designed to allow students to work and help to pay their way through their courses. The Austrian Service Abroad has been active at the MMU since 2007. The University has established a Centre for African Developmental Studies, to study, research and create African knowledge and understanding, and suggest how this can be applied to inform development in an African context. MMU’s ‘special approach’ will permit new ideas that effectively bridge between local cultures and broader developmental opportunities to be tried and tested, new development models to be synthesized and development competences to be identified and understood in a holistic framework.
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The purpose of the Confea Plenary is to assess and decide on matters related to the competencies of the Federal Council. It is constituted by a president and by 18 federal councilors, according to the provisions of specific regulations, being renewed annually in one third. It is the plenary that appreciates and decides on draft resolutions aimed at regulating and executing the law and on draft normative decision aimed at establishing understandings or determining procedures for unity of action of the Confe / Crea System. The Plenary also regulates integration issues with the state and society, the qualification and professional supervision, and economic and financial control; Appreciates and decides on the normative act of Crea, among several other competences.
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A General Civil Commissioner was then appointed to the Military Board of the Eastern Borderlands, which was to be the highest civil instance in the discussed territories - ruling and executive. In the field, commissioners were assigned to individual armies as inspectors of the General Civilian Commissioner poviat commissioners were to administer the poviat. Maciej Jamontt became the district commissioner for the areas of Białystok, his competences extended to poviats: Białystok, Bielsk, Sokółka, Grodno and Wołkowysk. Augusta Cyfrowicz was appointed as commissioner of the Białystok Poviat, his deputy was Bolesław Szymański, and the government commissioner of Bialystok, Napoleon Cydzik (he was to cooperate with the Provisional Municipal Committee, as well as prepare and conduct in the first municipal elections).
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In 2015 the Supreme Court ruled that at least 25% of school subjects at all levels have to use Castilian as teaching language for those parents who ask for it in order to guarantee that Castilian is not excluded. Some argue that the Supreme Court exceeded their competences as they can not modify laws approved by a Parliament. The educational community has stated that Castilian has never been excluded, with many teachers using it as the language of instruction in their lectures for the sake of flexibility and the laws already had exemptions for non-Catalan speakers. The continuous conflict around the educational system of Catalonia has contributed to the rise of the independence movement in Catalonia.
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Aligned with the Army General Staff guidelines, the School implemented modernization and management improvement projects. At the same time, through specific projects, it preserved historical objects and collections, as well as the memory of previous commanders who entrusted ECEME with personal objects. The School adopts diverse curriculum and disciplines corresponding to the offered courses, using the Teaching by Competences Methodology. It seeks curriculum which continuously is updated and that is reviewed periodically with the use of a methodology substantiated on scientific basis, specially developed for the Brazilian Army education system. The school evaluation system has been continually improved, considering students’ performance in school activities, especially in group work and in the results of formal tests.
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Researchers have not been able to explain and exploit them satisfactorily, but never together. Unfortunately, there is no worldwide repository for such data, and those databases are most often under- exploited using too simplistic analyses, or neglecting cross-correlations among them (most often because such data are acquired and possessed by distinct and competing institutions). The GEFS stands as a revolutionary initiative with the following goals: (i) initiate collaborations with many datacenters across the world to unify competences; (ii) propose a collaborative platform (InnovWiki, developed at ETH Zürich) to develop a mega repository of data and tools of analysis; (iii) develop and test rigorously real-time, high-dimension multivariate algorithms to predict earthquakes (location, time and magnitude) using all available data.
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Kris Peeters, former Minister-President of Flanders, promoting Flanders in Action Both the Flemish Community and the Flemish Region are constitutional institutions of the Kingdom of Belgium, exercising certain powers within their jurisdiction, granted following a series of state reforms. In practice, the Flemish Community and Region together form a single body, with its own parliament and government, as the Community legally absorbed the competences of the Region. The parliament is a directly elected legislative body composed of 124 representatives. The government consists of up to 11 members and is presided by a Minister- President, currently Geert Bourgeois (New Flemish Alliance) leading a coalition of his party (N-VA) with Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams (CD&V;) and Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten (Open VLD).
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1994 reforms under the socialist Papandreou government turned the largely dysfunctional prefectures into Prefectural Self-Government entities (PSGs) with prefects and prefectural councils both being popularly elected. In return, the thirteen administrative regions of Greece, which had already been created in 1987, but in the absence of a working budget remained unable to fulfill even their limited responsibilities, now assumed the prefectures' competences in regard to tax collection, European structural funding and treasury. Part of the subsequent Kapodistrias plan, Law 2539/1997 sharply reduced the number of municipalities and communities from 5.823 to 1.033, after the increasing urbanization had left small communities literally dying out. With a median of just 4,661.5 inhabitants, a large number of small municipalities and rural communities however remained independent.
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According to the Italian Constitution, military courts have the jurisdiction established by law during wartimes while they judge only over military crimes committed by members of the Armed Forces.. The relationship between the Minister of Defence, military magistrates and the Council of Military Judiciary is similar to the one between the Minister of Justice, High Council of the Judiciary and ordinary magistrates. Disciplinary proceeding involving military magistrates is regulated by laws for ordinary magistrates. The military general prosecutor at the Court of Cassation exercise the function of the Public Minister and does not take part to deliberations. Council of Military Judiciary The Consiglio della magistratura militare ("Council of Military Judiciary", CMM) is an autonomous body with competences specular to the ordinary ones belonging to the CSM.
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The unit will be changed to the 15th division to reinforce it and assign new competences in the front of Madrid until that in December 1937, Commander Castillo was replaced by Carlos Fabra Marín, the most veteran of the militias, to be replaced, then by the major of the same scale, Gregorio Herrero del Olmo, who, in turn, was six months later changed by the largest militia Manuel López Cabanas. The officers of the militias and commissars Gil Montoya and Vicente Abad Olmos, Angel Maynar Cebrián, of the PSOE and Pedro Tordesillas Sanz, were among the heads of their General Staff. Within III C. E. E. of the Center was in May 1938 entering to be part of the 18 DIVISION until March 1939.
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The Reichsrat was one of the two legislative bodies of Germany during the Weimar Republic (1919-1933), the other being the Reichstag. The Reichsrat consisted of members appointed by the German states and participated in legislation affecting all constitutional changes and state competences, whereas the Reichstag was the legislative body dealing with both these issues and all other issues and was elected by the people. In other words, the Reichsrat functioned similarly to a parliamentary upper house, such as the House of Lords in the United Kingdom, although the Weimar constitution did not specifically spell out a bicameral parliament. The Reichsrat was the successor body to the Bundesrat of the German Empire (1867–1918), which was a more formalized upper house.
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IDEP aims at federating competences in the field of Public Economics broadly defined as the part of economics that studies the causes and the consequences of public intervention in the economic sphere. AMSE has a triple aim in terms of research development about "Globalization and public action", education regarding Master and PhD degrees and valorization toward local authorities, administrations and corporations, and of information aiming at all public. The AMSE Master is a two-year Master programme in Economics jointly organized with Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales and Ecole Centrale de Marseille. It aims to provide high- level courses and training in the main fields of specialization of AMSE: Development Economics, Econometrics, Public Economics, Environmental Economics, Finance/Insurance, Macroeconomics, Economic Philosophy, and Health Economics.
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There is a training site for the preparation of the WorldSkills national team in IT competencies, as well as a training center, which takes part in developing Federal State Educational Standards (FSES) for vocational secondary education. The Ministry of Informatization and Communication of the Republic of Tatarstan actively supports the professional excellence international movement WorldSkills which secures the team of the Republic of Tatarstan top places in IT competences in championships of both Russian and international level. In 2017, Innopolis hosted the first ever DigitalSkills IT championship-among young professionals under the age of 28 years. It was attended by 120 participants and 118 experts - employees of small, medium and large businesses in the field, students of secondary and higher education.
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The SIGAP strategy (Geographic Information Systems for Protected Areas /Participatory Action) is a research methodology that adopts cartographic semiosis and tests its actual range of application. It takes up concepts presented by international agencies - such as "sustainability", "conservation" participation” - and turns them into operational tools for territorial and environmental planning. Tested in various national and international contexts with regard to a variety of issues (migration, environmental protection, landscape planning, tourism systems, urban regeneration, etc.), the SIGAP methodology deploys the typical range of geography-based competences in the field of applied research. As such it involves all stages of analysis: the adoption of a theory informing land methodology; interaction with local inhabitants for the reading of data; construction of interpretative models and their cartographic visualization.
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As the other higher education universities, "Tashkent State Technical University" has set its own missions in development of technical field in Uzbekistan. They are stated in the official document and constitution of the University. Mission of the University can also be looked as the strategy of development of this university, and it is approved by the rectors of the University and the government representatives of Uzbekistan. There are 4 main missions and plans for development in Tashkent State Technical University, and they are given as follows: # Satisfy the needs of society in the qualified professionals on technical field; # Developing and upbringing of well educated person, with required professional competences; # Developing scientific institutions with high world standards; # Training qualified, competent and democratically thinking specialists.
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During the second post-war period, the Parri Cabinet subdivided again in 1945 the competences between the Ministry of Industry and Trade and the Ministry of Labour and Social Security, while the De Gasperi II Cabinet spun off also the Ministry of Foreign Trade in 1946. In 1966, with Moro III Cabinet, the competence on handicrafts was added and the Dicastery was renamed in Ministry of Industry, Trade and Handicraft. In order to reduce the number of Ministries, the Bassanini reforms issued between 1997 and 1999 and further implementing decrees determined the creation of the Ministry of Productive Activities, after the merging between the Ministries of Industry, of Foreign Trade and Communications. However, the last one was maintained autonomous by the Berlusconi II Cabinet in 2001.
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Even if the user-centred design process implemented in a project guarantees a certain degree of user acceptance and yields a richer understanding of the context of use, the completed product's ability to adapt to changing conditions still plays a central role for a broad acceptance. The operational environment will change, the tasks will be distinct, the end-users will be heterogeneous, and their competences and expectations will evolve. Here again it is impossible for developers to anticipate all possible requirements modifications. Thus, the dynamics of changing conditions shifts the customisation process of the system's characteristics from the development phase to its usage and operation phase because the time needed for a professional development is too short or the new features are too costly.
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Eurochambres' network of Chambers of Commerce and IndustryEurochambres was founded 28 February 1958 as the "Conférence Permanente des Chambres de Commerce et d’Industrie de la CEE" by six members with the mission to promote the views of Chamber organisations on the unification of national legislation at the European level and to form opinions regarding the modifications to be made to commercial legislation. An important objective of the Conférence was also to bring closer competences in order to provide an example of the European cooperation of the highest quality level. The Conférence Permanente held its first assembly in Strasbourg on 28 February 1958. Initial members were national association of Chambers of Commerce and Industry from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and Netherlands.
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EEE-YFU has its own "European Trainer Network", composed of 13 young trainers from 10 different countries, which provides its member organisations with a pool of young people with relevant expertise and knowledge that they can use to organise and facilitate a range of events. This aims to help to increase the capacity for multiplication of competences and knowledge within the international YFU network, and for contributing to the development of training structures of national YFU organisations to provide high quality educational activities. EEE-YFU also has a "Pool of Representatives", composed of 33 young people from various member organisations. The members are an important tool for EEE-YFU's advocacy work, representing EEE-YFU on various seminars, working groups, meetings, conferences and other events.
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The 1972 second Statute of Autonomy for Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol devolved most legislative and executive competences from the regional level to the provincial level, creating de facto two separate regions. Administratively, the province enjoys a large degree of autonomy in the following sectors: health, education, welfare and transport infrastructure. The provincial council comprises 35 members, one of whom must by law be drawn from the Ladin minority. In the last elections in 2013, the strongest party became the Democratic Party (Partito Democratico del Trentino) with 9 deputies, Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party (8), Union for Trentino (5), Lega Nord Trentino (2), Forza Italia (1), Five Stars Movement (1), Trentino Project (1), Ladin Autonomist Union (1), Civic Trentino (1), Administer Trentino (1), with one independent.
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The King appointed the Comites to serve at his pleasure, and they were originally chosen from all classes, sometimes even from enfranchised serfs. The essential competences of the Comes' were comprehensive in his pagus: martial, judicial, and executive; and in documents he is often described as the "agens publicus" ("public agent") of the King or "judex publicus/fiscalis" ("royal judge"). He was at once public prosecutor and judge, and was responsible for the execution of the sentences as well. As the delegate of the executive power, he had the right to exercise the "bannis regis" ("royal ban"), which gave him the right to command his military in the name of the King and to act as necessary to preserve the peace.
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Participation in the European Single Market of the EU: The European Union (EU) is an association of 27 sovereign member states, that by treaty have delegated certain of their competences to common institutions, in order to coordinate their policies in a number of areas, without however constituting a new state on top of the member states. Officially established by the Treaty of Maastricht in 1993 upon the foundations of the pre-existing European Economic Community. Thus, 12 states are founding members, namely, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom. In 1995, Austria, Finland and Sweden entered the EU. Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia joined in 2004.
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The development of the WACOM instrument was supported by the transfer of the competence and qualification model into the water sector and by the adaptation for the selected topic management of sewage treatment plants. WACOM influences vocational training in water management and in additional sectors. The main WACOM products and affects were: 1\. "Competence model for the water sector" Development of WACOM (the WAter COmpetences Model) as the establishment of a competence model for the water sector based on EQF and PAS 1093: the aim was the foundation of the vocational training on the principle of competence modelling based on the identification of the specific demands and needs of the water management and existing practice concerning competence models in the water sector.
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The Ministry of Energy, Tourism and Digital Agenda (MINETAD) was a department of the Government of Spain which existed between 2016 and 2018 responsible for the proposal and execution of the government policy on energy, tourism, telecoms, information society and Digital Agenda.Royal Decree 415/2016, of 3 November, which restructures the Ministerial departments. The Ministry was created for the first time in late 2016 assuming the powers of the Industry Ministry on energy, tourism and telecoms. However, it was dissolved in 2018 after the motion of no confidence against Rajoy's Second Government and its competences were distributed between three ministries: the Ministry for the Ecological Transition, the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Tourism and the Ministry of Economy and Enterprise.
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The Statute of Autonomy is the basic institutional law of the autonomous community or city, recognized by the Spanish constitution in article 147. It is approved by a parliamentary assembly representing the community, and then approved by the Cortes Generales, the Spanish Parliament, through an "Organic Law", requiring the favourable vote of the absolute majority of the Congress of Deputies. For communities that acceded to autonomy through the "fast route", a referendum is required before it can be sanctioned by the Parliament. The Statutes of Autonomy must contain, at least, the name of the community, its territorial limits, the names, organization and seat of the institutions of government, the competences they assume and the principles for their bilingual policy, if applicable.
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When the competences of the 63rd Paratroop Brigade members are analyzed, the point to underscore is the safety coefficient of parachutist training, a parameter which, in spite of several tens of thousands of dives made in the last 15 years, is by far better than the comparable safety indicates for parachute units of the world's most powerful armies. This speaks for the high training standards and competence of the parachutists and a high degree of safety in training. In turn this suggests that strong work discipline, excellent abilities of officers and parachute instructors, highest-quality psycho- physical and expert coaching of the men, thorough checkups and perfect condition of parachute accessories, together with high morale of individual and units, reduce risk.
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Iliria Patrol Boat Class Damen Stan 4207 The Albanian Cost Guard (Roja Bregdetare) is one of the specialized bodies of the Albanian Navy which is responsible for safeguarding human life and coordinating search and rescue at sea, as well as administrative management, navigation security and territorial waters, with coastal guard functions. Among the competences are the safeguarding of human life at sea, the safety of navigation and maritime transport, as well as the protection of the marine environment, its ecosystems and the oversight of the entire marine fishing industry, the protection of resources to that of the final consumer. The latter include inspections on merchant naval, fishing and recreational vessels, also conducted on foreign merchant ships that climb domestic ports.
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The Practice Enterprise concept is applied in different educational systems: from schools, colleges, universities, vocational training institutions3, companies and further training centres worldwide. The primary target group is students from secondary schools and universities. Adults can also participate in the training programme, either as employees, jobseekers, and people with disabilities or women returning to work. This applied way of learning, the ‘learning-by-doing’4 methodology, allows people with all kinds of backgrounds to learn and improve their skills in a Practice Enterprise. Trainees get to know the real-life international business experience and learn and improve important skills such as language and communication skills, intercultural competences and various soft skills which are helpful in finding one’s own path and increase the employability.
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That entails personnel with particular high level of knowledge, skills and competences which can be obtained through the EWF qualification system. There are three pillars which support the EWF Harmonised International Qualification System: # Technical Committee: Harmonised qualification guidelines, rules and procedures are developed and approved by all members # The National Member: Responsible for the supervision and implementation of the system through the Authorised Nominated Body (ANB) # The Approved Training Centers: Approved Training Bodies (ATBs) implement the qualification guidelines In 2012, on its annual report about international qualifications, the European Center for the Development of Vocational Training (CEDEFOP), has considered the EWF qualification system as the best-case example, recognising the ground-breaking work done by EWF on creating a qualification framework which has been globally adopted.
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Using DISCO to describe learning outcomes is an important focus of the DISCO II follow-up project. Job descriptions, CVs, Certificate Supplements as well as other competence-based learning outcomes descriptions use similar terms to describe competences in the area of labour market or education and training. The least common denominator is a single competence term, the greatest common denominator is a phraseological competence description consisting, from a linguistic point of view, of a verb and an object, and possibly context information or attributive enlargements. In DISCO II, the project partnership used Certificate Supplements and other relevant skills profiles and extracted a list of relevant phraseological competence descriptions for the sectors of health care, ICT, environmental protection and social services.
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The ecclesiastical province had its headquarters, the 1815-founded Royal [or Evangelical (as of 1918)] and general superintendent, domiciling in Stettin, taken over from the Brandenburgian Pomeranian Lutheran Church, the latter's local Köslin Consistory had been dissolved in 1815. The Swedish Pomeranian former Greifswald Consistory and the local were stripped of their competences and dissolved in 1849 and 1815, respectively, the general superintendency in Greifswald was not restaffed after 1824. Since initially the office of general superintendent was not provided as a function in the new Evangelical Church in Prussia at all, the respective offices had not been restaffed when their previous incumbents retired, causing a vacancy. However, since the late 1820s the Evangelical Church in Prussia appointed general superintendents in all its ecclesiastical provinces.
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The Leonard model of a Capability is a dynamic model at the micro-level; focused on the detailed mechanisms for development and change of individual capabilities. Building on the work of Hamel and Prahalad, and others David Teece and colleagues developed a macro-level theory of Dynamic capabilities and framework for their management. In this theory a (or perhaps the) "Dynamic Capability" is defined as "the firm’s ability to integrate, build, and reconfigure internal and external competences to address rapidly changing environments." Building on earlier work from the 1960s, the central thesis of the Dynamic Capabilities theory is that "... the real key to a company's success or even to its future development lies in its ability to find or create a competence that is truly distinctive".
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Communities exercise competences only within linguistically determined geographical boundaries, originally oriented towards the individuals of a community's language: culture (including audiovisual media), education, the use of the relevant language. Extensions to personal matters less directly attributed to the language comprise health policy (curative and preventive medicine) and assistance to individuals (protection of youth, social welfare, aid to families, immigrant assistance services, etc.) Regions have authority in fields connected with their territory in the widest meaning of the term, thus relating to the economy, employment, agriculture, water policy, housing, public works, energy, transport, the environment, town and country planning, nature conservation, credit, and foreign trade. They supervise the provinces, municipalities and intercommunal utility companies. In several fields, the different levels each have their own say on specificities.
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A parent-teacher conference, parent-teacher interview, parent-teacher night or parents' evening, is a short meeting or conference between the parents and teachers of students to discuss a child's progress at school and find solutions to academic or behavioral problems. Parent-teacher conferences supplement the information conveyed by report cards by focusing on students' specific strengths and weaknesses in individual subjects and generalizing the level of inter-curricular skills and competences. Most conferences take place without the presence of the students whose progress is being discussed, although there is evidence that their inclusion increases the productivity of the meetings. The meetings are generally led by teachers who take a more active role in information sharing, with parents relegated mostly to the role of listeners.
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The government of the autonomous community of Castile and León appointed Don Alfonso de Ceballos-Escalera y Gila, Marques de la Floresta, as Chronicler of Arms for Castile and León. Don Alfonso also serves as personal heraldic officer to the former King of Spain Juan Carlos I and the current King Felipe VI of Spain . Formerly, everything that the Spanish heralds did had to be reviewed and approved by the Ministry of Justice for it to be valid. However, the legislation of Castile and León established the Chronicler of Arms of Castile and León as the modern equivalent of the ancient King of Arms of the ancient Kingdom of Castile and Leon, with rights to all the traditional powers and competences pertaining to this office.
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The IPTS provides prospective technoeconomic analysis in support of the European Union policymaking process. The prime objectives of the institute are to monitor and analyse science and technology developments, their cross sectoral impacts, their interrelationship with the socio-economic context and their implications for future European policy development. The institute operates international networks, pools the expertise of high level advisors and presents information in a timely and synthetic fashion to policy makers. The Institute's main competences consist in providing policy option analysis and policy impact assessment, analysing the socio-economics of new technologies, delivering techno-economic tools and platforms to their customers, and managing information exchange and consensus-building among policy-makers and stakeholder on highly complex techno-economic issues.
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The origins of this body dated from the 18th century, when a Superintendent of Police was created to oversees the public order in the Kingdom. However, the truly precursor was the Directorate-General for Security and Public Order, which existed between march and October 1858. After this, the competences were directly assumed by the Ministry of the Interior but in 1912 was created the Directorate-General for Security that was in active service until 1986, when the current Secretariat of State for Security was born. The Directorate-General for Security was the main body responsible for the repression after the civil war and with the need of renovate the police and improve the image of the police corps, all the security departments were renamed and reorganizated.
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The great responsibility of developing the Catalan cultural heritage was started by the Commonwealth of Catalonia, and from 1931 on followed by the Ministry of Culture of Catalonia. In that very same year, a proposal for the creation of a National Archive of Catalonia was made by the Archives, Libraries and Fine Arts Conference, but was only in 1936 that a new archive became a reality. Two years before, as a consequence of the transfer of competences from the Government of Spain to the Generalitat, the archive of the Diputació del General's ownership was transferred to Catalan government. On 29 September 1936, a decree signed by Josep Tarradellas, stated that the archive would settle in the Palau Episcopal of Barcelona.
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The assembly building of South Tyrol Luis Durnwalder was governor of South Tyrol from 1989 until 2014 The local government system is based upon the provisions of the Italian Constitution and the Autonomy Statute of the Region Trentino- Alto Adige/Südtirol. The 1972 second Statute of Autonomy for Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol devolved most legislative and executive competences from the regional level to the provincial level, creating de facto two separate regions. The considerable legislative power of the province is vested in an assembly, the Landtag of South Tyrol (German: Südtiroler Landtag; Italian: Consiglio della Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano; Ladin: Cunsëi dla Provinzia Autonoma de Bulsan). The legislative powers of the assembly are defined by the second Statute of Autonomy.
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Following the Constitution of May 3, 1791, the senate's competences were altered; in most cases, the senators could only vote together with the sejm, and the senate's veto powers were limited. Legislative power was limited to the deputies of the sejm (not senators voting separately, except on the senate's privilege of veto, a suspension of a given legislation until the sejm votes on it again during the next session). The king, who nominated senators, ministers and other officials, presided over the senate, and could propose new laws together with the executive government, over which he also presided (the newly created Straż Praw or the Guardianship of Laws). The sejm also had the supervisory role, as government ministers and other officials were to be responsible to it.
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It is often assumed, for example, that young people are automatically computer literate and skilled in the use of search engines and digital resources, but it is often the case that they require training and support. Tied closely with this is our final question which addresses the issue of competencies. The Tuning project has identified a number of key competencies which students of history can be expected to demonstrate. Three competences are related to the use of digital and e-learning resources: knowledge of and ability to use information retrieval tools, such as e-references; ability to use computer and internet resources for elaborating historical or related data; and ability to identify and utilise appropriately sources of information for research projects.
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It is the power of being able to act and to want to act; to provoke a permanent and dynamic passage in a context of reciprocity, from person to person. Without these deep emotional attentions and/or preliminary strategies it often gets difficult to involve a person with a disability, because having as reference RATIONALITY and MOTIVATIONS in order to involve him/her in a project is frequently very difficult or impossible: these are sometimes absent. Therefore, it is essential to create the conditions for success, as it is from this success that the motivations derive. The possibilities of success have to be researched in those fields in which the person with the disability demonstrates even only minimal practical competences.
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Since its inception, the European Community, then becoming the European Union, has faced the remarks and critics of two main school of thoughts: the federalists, defending a centralised decision-making model, and the intergovernmentalists, in favour of a broader share of competences. On one side, the federalist school is in favour of more supranational decisions. For them, most of the decisions should be taken at a central level, by the Union, in order to improve the efficiency of decision-making, enjoy scale economies and avoid negative spillovers issued from local decisions. The fiscal federalism theory therefore perceives the principle of subsidiarity as a guarantee that the decisions will be taken at central level when there would demonstrable benefits of conducting the policy by the Union.
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The department was created in 1988 during the premiership of Felipe González and assumed powers from the Ministry of Labour and Social Security, the National Institute for Social Services, the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Justice. In 1996, the new prime minister José María Aznar abolished the department and transferred its competences to the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. During its first period of live, the department assumed powers relating social services, equality, minors protection and prevention of youth crime, adoptions and foster care and the promotion of cultural communication and youth association. Likewise, the department was responsible for the management of the social programs derived from funds obtained through the personal income tax and in its later years from the government migration policy.
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With the evolution of the different regional administrations during the Spanish transition to democracy, numerous bodies similar to the Ombudsman were created and it was necessary to regulate the competences and relations between these bodies and the State Ombudsman and this was made by a Law in 1985. The protection of the rights and freedoms in the regional level can be made in coordination between the regional Ombudsman and the State Ombudsman. If the administration who made the violation of human rights is the State Administration acting in the region, the State Ombudsman has priority but may ask for assistance of the regional ombudsman in order to be more efficient as well as giving him a copy of the final report with the investigation.
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The broader the opportunities and competences of public activists in visiting the penitentiary institutions, the better is constructive dialogue and cooperation. Let's remind the reader that actual unchangeable figure representing the number of persons serving their sentence in penitentiary institutions is the product of society, and criminogenic situation in the country will not improve unless both the country leadership and the public come to understand that this “social product” should be released from jail with a new positive quality, new attitude towards the crime – this is the main goal of punishment. That is why public participation in psychological transformation of the prisoners should not be restricted, while the state should by all means promote fruitful cooperation and encourage public activists to participate in the reforming of the SPSU system.
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Depending on the project requirements, teams of independent agents form, each contributing their own specific skills and competences, and thus work together efficiently. However, these entrepreneurs usually do not feel like they apply to the term "Mittelstand", as do start-ups that have not been on the market for at least three years. On the other hand, the affinity of small and medium- sized enterprises for one another increases with company size and age; the older and larger the companies, the more they identify themselves as small and medium-sized enterprises. However, among those companies that consider themselves to be medium-sized, according to the IfM Bonn (Institute for Management in Bonn) definition, one in seven is no longer included because they no longer fulfill the criterion of "ownership and management in one hand".
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The area of the Flemish Community is represented on the maps above, including the area of the Brussels-Capital Region (hatched on the relevant map). Roughly, the Flemish Community exercises competences originally oriented towards the individuals of the Community's language: culture (including audiovisual media), education, and the use of the language. Extensions to personal matters less directly associated with language comprise sports, health policy (curative and preventive medicine), and assistance to individuals (protection of youth, social welfare, aid to families, immigrant assistance services, etc.) The area of the Flemish Region is represented on the maps above. It has a population of more than 6 million (excluding the Dutch-speaking community in the Brussels Region, grey on the map for it is not a part of the Flemish Region).
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The German Constitutional Court made a preliminary reference, asking whether the OMT decision was compatible with TFEU articles 119 and 127, on the ECB’s mandate, and TFEU article 123 which prohibits monetary financing of member state budgets. The purchase of government bonds was an economic not a monetary measure because (1) its objective was to neutralise spreads of government bonds (2) it selectively purchased bonds of member states, while monetary policy was meant to be uniform (3) it was related to financial rescue of member states, so was functionally equivalent. OMT was intended to circumvent art 123(1), which prohibits providing overdraft facilities. Under the Honeywell standard, the OMT decision would manifestly exceed EU competence, bringing about a structural shift in the balance of competences, unless interpreted restrictively.
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In 1919 the First Austrian Republic established the first dedicated constitutional court, the Constitutional Court of Austria, which however existed in name only until 10 October 1920, when the country's new constitution came into effect, upon which the court gained the power to review the laws of Austria's federal states.Constitutional Court of Austria - History The Czechoslovakian Constitution of 1920, which came into effect on 2 February 1920, was the first to provide for a dedicated court for judicial review of parliamentary laws, but the court did not convene until November 1921. The organization and competences of both courts were influenced by constitutional theories of Hans Kelsen.Romeu F.R., The Establishment of Constitutional Courts: A Study of 128 Democratic Constitutions, „Review of Law & Economics”, 2 (1), Washington, D.C.: CQ Press, 2006, p. 104.
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The UK Professional Standards Framework (UKPSF) for teaching and supporting learning in higher education is a voluntary scheme for describing the competences and values expected of university teaching staff in the UK. The scheme consists of four 'descriptors', corresponding to different roles in higher education, and defines the areas of activity, core knowledge and professional values expected at each level. UKPSF was developed by the HEA and UKPSF's descriptors correspond to the levels in HEA's professional recognition scheme. The introduction of national professional standards for university teachers was one of the higher education reforms proposed in the 2003 DfES white paper "The Future of Higher Education". This paper outlined government plans to introduce new standards and to ensure that all new university teaching staff achieved a qualification that met them.
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The position was occupied by Rodolfo Martín Villa. The successor of this body the Center for the Prevention and Fight against Maritime and Coastal Pollution was included in the structure of the Ministry, with the rank of Directorate-General and whose competences passed in 2008 to the Ministry of Environment. In 2012, the National Intelligence Centre was integrated in the Ministry and in 2013 it was created the Office for the Implementation of the Administration Reform (OPERA). Since November 2016, it assumes the responsibilities of relations with the Autonomous Communities and the Entities that make up the Local Administration and those relating to the territorial organization of the State but it loses the Secretariat of State for Press, which is transferred to the Office of the Prime Minister.
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Since the Lisbon Treaty came into force, the EU's humanitarian aid action is ruled by Article 214 of the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union.Treaty on the functioning of the European Union, Official Journal of the European Union, 2010-03-30 Humanitarian aid is a shared parallel competency: this means that the EU conducts an autonomous policy, which neither prevents the Member States from exercising their competences nor makes the EU's policy merely “complementary” to those of the Member States.Treaty of Lisbon: questions and answers Until then, humanitarian aid was based, by default, on Article 179 of the EC Treaty (development policy). It used to be part of the Commissioner for Development's portfolio, first Louis Michel and then Karel De Gucht during the first Barroso Commission.
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Nominally, a Statute of Autonomy (, , , , ) is a law hierarchically located under the constitution of a country, and over any other form of legislation (including organic laws). This legislative corpus concedes autonomy (self- government) to a subnational unit, and the articles usually mimic the form of a constitution, establishing the organization of the autonomous government, the electoral rules, the distribution of competences between different levels of governance and other regional-specific provisions, like the protection of cultural or lingual realities. In Spain, the process of devolution after the transition to democracy (1979) created 17 autonomous communities and 2 autonomous cities, each having its own Statute of Autonomy. On 18 June 2006, Catalonia approved by referendum a new but controversial Catalan Statute of Autonomy, enhancing the Spanish territory's degree of autonomy.
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Dezső Perczel, President of the House of Representatives After a speech by István Tisza on 18 November 1904, a representative of the Liberal Party, Gábor Daniel, submitted a motion to change the house rules of the House of Representatives. This motion implied that the competences of the opposition were curtailed and had to put an end to the obstruction. During the following commotion, the President of the House of Representatives, Dezső Perczel, suddenly declared that the proposal had been adopted and that the session was suspended. The testimonies of what had happened exactly varied, but it is believed that President Perczel had silently called for the proposal to be immediately voted on, waving a handkerchief as a sign for the Liberal Party representatives to say "yes" to vote.
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The Regions became responsible for twelve regional taxes, and local and provincial government became a matter for the Regions. The first municipal and provincial elections under the supervision of the Regions were the 2006 municipal elections. The functioning of the Brussels institutions was also amended during the fifth state reform, which resulted among other things in a guaranteed representation of the Flemish inhabitants of Brussels in the Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region. At the end of 2011, following the longest political crisis in Belgium's contemporary history, a constitutional accord between the four main political families (socialists, liberals, social- Christians, ecologists), but excluding the Flemish nationalists, ushered in the sixth state reform which provided for major institutional changes and additional transfers of competences from the federal level to the Communities and the Regions.
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However, an element of retroactivity was provided for at the time in that perpetrators of war crimes committed in the period 1939-1945 have been brought to justice, for example at the Nuremberg Trials. Manos Limpias sought to prosecute Garzón for undertaking his investigation, and accused Garzón of breaking the 1977 amnesty law, exceeding his competences as an investigating judge of the Audiencia Nacional and deliberately acting in an unjust and unfair manner (as in 1998 Garzón dismissed a similar indictment against communist politician Santiago Carrillo, accused of crimes against humanity during the Spanish Civil War, based on the principle of irretroactivity). In May 2009 the Supreme Court accepted Manos Limpias' lawsuit against Garzón for prevarication: his "blatant, deliberate, conscious and arrogant role" in "trespassing against the dead".
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On 25 April 2015 the ruling SNSD party adopted a declaration entitled “Republika Srpska — free and independent — future and responsibility”, stating its intention to organize a referendum on the independence of the Republika Srpska in case competences are not returned from the State to the Entities by 2017. The declaration also suggests that RS authorities might decide “by law which decisions made by the Bosnia and Herzegovina authorities shall be applicable on the territory of Republika Srpska”.48th report to the United Nations Security Council of the High Representative for Implementation of the Peace Agreement on Bosnia and Herzegovina, 5 November 2015 RS president Milorad Dodik reiterated to the press the commitment to an independence referendum in the coming years if his demands are not met.“We have told everybody that we want a dialogue.
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The Under-Secretary of the Presidency, officially Under-Secretary of the Presidency, Relations with the Cortes and Equality is the most senior civil servant of the Ministry of the Presidency of Spain. The Under-Secretary is responsible for assisting the Minister in his duties to support the Prime Minister, preparing the meeting of the Council of Ministers and other governmental meetings, coordinating and directing the common services of the department, controlling the economic, human and technological resources of the Ministry, elaborating the governamental regulations, giving authorization for the use of the Coat of Arms, Flag and other symbols of the State and the competences about the ministry's gender equality and transparency. From the Undersecretariat of the Presidency depends a major department called Technical General Secretariat-Secretariat of the Government and other minor departments.
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The planned Community of Serb Municipalities in Kosovo Municipalities with Serb majorities have additional powers over the appointment of local police commanders, religious and cultural heritage sites within their boundaries; some of them have competences over universities and secondary health which in non-Serb-majority municipalities are a matter for central government (and, through the right of association of municipalities, even those Serb-majority municipalities which are not specifically given these powers may exercise them in association with those that do). The 2013 Brussels Agreement signed by the Government of Kosovo and the Government of Serbia contains provisions for the formation of a Community of Serb Municipalities ( / Zajednica srpskih opština; ) It was expected to be created in 2015, but its formation has been postponed over conflicts about extent of powers.
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Since the arrival of the democracy to Spain, becoming an advanced country was one of the goals of the first democratic governments and that means to have a good network of communications. The importance was such that in 1977, a year before the Constitution was approved, a Ministry of Transport and Communications was created. This Ministry assumed most of the competences that the current Secretariat of State for Communications has and the organs of this ministry dedicated to telecoms had most of them the level of Directorate- General. In 1985, because of the fast growing of the communications systems and media, the department dedicated to telecoms in this Ministry was elevated to the level of General Secretariat and was divided in three departments: for mail, for telecoms and for communications infraestructure.
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In 1949, having overcome the uncertainties and difficulties of the Second World War, the Fiat aeronautical activities were reorganised in the Aviation area. Delays in the production typologies accumulated in the years of autarchy were soon overcome thanks to the technical competences of Gabrielli and the new climate of Atlantic and inter- European collaboration. Already in 1951, Gabrielli had designed the G80, the first Italian jet aircraft powered by a De Havilland “Goblin” turbojet engine. In the early 1950s, Fiat Aviazione started a production revival by means of American orders and, in particular, was the only company in Europe to obtain the licence from NATO for the construction of the F86 K. It entered into an agreement with General Electric and Pratt & Whitney for the production of jet engine components.
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The overall objective of the eCOTOOL project was to improve the development, exchange, and maintenance of VET certificates and their accessibility and transparency by harmonizing Europass with other European instruments (EQF, ECVET) and e‐competences. This attempted to increase the European mobility and transparency of VET systems through: # The development of an Application Profile and Technical Tools based on the Europass Certificate Supplement (CS) under the Brand "Europass CS eco‐tools" # The Adaptation of all Europass CS eco‐tools to the Agricultural Sector and their Pilot Testing and Optimization The eCOTOOL project attempted to provide advanced and sustainable instruments and tools for the Europass CS: First an application profile was developed as an information model from the European instruments to become the European standard for certificate repositories based on the Europass CS specification.
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Titsingh was very keen on having his scholarly questions answered and showed an enormous inexhaustible thirst for knowledge. Looking at his private correspondence three mottos of his behaviour and values can be identified: the rejection of money, as it did not satisfy his enormous thirst of knowledge; an acknowledgment and consciousness of the brevity of life and wasting this precious time not with featureless activities; and his desire to die in calmness, as a "forgotten citizen of the world". In this light he displayed the values of a European philosopher of the 18th century, who was as well interested in his fellow Japanese scholars. Therefore, he also acknowledged their intellectual competences and sophistication and contributed to an intense exchange of cultural knowledge between Japan and Europe in the 18th century.
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The National Electricity Office (DGE - Dirección General de la Electricidad), under the Ministry of Energy and Mines (MEM), is in charge of setting electricity policies and regulations and of granting concessions. It is also responsible for elaborating generation and transmission expansion plans and has to approve the relevant procedures for the operation of the electricity system.OSINERG 2005 The Energy and Mining Investment Supervisory Body (OSINERGMIN - Organismo Supervisor de Inversión en Energía y Miniería), created in 1996 as OSINERG (Mining competences were added recently, in January 2007), is in charge of enforcing compliance with the Electricity Concessions Law (LCE) of 1992 and is also in charge of ensuring the electricity public service. OSINERG is as well the body responsible for enforcing the fiscal obligations of the license holders as established by the law and its regulation.
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Prime Minister Duško Marković and U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo After the promulgation of the Declaration of Independence in the Parliament of the Republic of Montenegro on 3 June 2006, following the independence referendum held on 21 May, the Government of the Republic of Montenegro assumed the competences of defining and conducting the foreign policy of Montenegro as a subject of international law and a sovereign state. The implementation of this constitutional responsibility was vested in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which was given the task of defining the foreign policy priorities and activities needed for their implementation. These activities are pursued in close cooperation with other state administration authorities, the President, the Speaker of the Parliament, and other relevant stakeholders. Integration into the European Union is Montenegro's strategic goal.
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Program Name: Skilling for Sustainable Tourism in Ecuador Partner: VVOB (Flemish Association for Development Cooperation and Technical Assistance) Program Description: The program focuses on Technical, Vocational Education and Training (TVET). It aims to provide students from tourism-related courses in upper secondary with the skills needed to gain decent employment in, and contribute to the sustainability of, Ecuador’s travel and tourism industry. The program also aims to improve teachers’ technical and pedagogical competences through a combination of training, peer learning and remote coaching all of which focus on ‘what to teach’ and ‘how to teach it’. The program is developing teaching materials which highlights the importance of sustainable tourism, and is also improving the content of selected teaching modules, by providing highly organized lesson plans and instructions for competency-based teaching.
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The Métropole de Lyon was created as a metropole from an earlier EPCI (public establishment of intercommunal cooperation) but gained the competences of the departmental council. The departmental council of Rhône only covers the rest of the administrative department (which is still subdivided into two subprefectures, one of which includes the métropole). So the metropole is not a unitary authority, and no longer an EPCI (like other French metropoles), but it has a specific status, considered equivalent to a department council, except that its seats are elected during the municipal French elections (at the same time as its municipal councils in each member commune), and that (like departments and regions, but unlike other French EPCI's including other metropoles) it is a territorial collectivity, with legal personality and fiscal autonomy.
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The main mission is to provide intelligence support to the state government of the Republic of Serbia and Serbian Armed Forces as well as to their members home and abroad. The competences, the jurisdiction of work, responsibilities, tasks, relations, cooperation, are regulated by the Book of Regulations on Internal Organization and Work Position Systematization. Agency motto is "Faster, better and wiser", and its staff and officers in their duties tend to be the first line of defence. Basic objectives are preventing surprises and providing data on security situation in close and wider surroundings, with focus on detecting and monitoring forces and the intentions of a possible enemy, terrorist and extremist forces, as well as on collecting other data on activities in the army, economy and politics which could greatly influence the safety of the country.
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The oldest statistics agency of Spain and the predecessor of the current agency was the General Statistics Commission of the Kingdom, created on November 3, 1856 during the reign of Isabella II. The so-then Prime Minister Narváez approved a decree creating this body and ordering that people with recognized ability in this matter were part of it. On May 1, 1861, the Commission changed its name to General Statistics Board and their first work was to do a population census. By a decree of September 12, 1870, Prime Minister Serrano created the Geographic Institute and in 1873 this Institute changed its name to Geographic and Statistic Institute assuming the competences of the General Statistics Board. In 1890, the titularity of the agency was transferred from the Prime Minister's Office to the Ministry of Development.
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The Peripheral State Administration is an Administration dependent on the General State Administration that, through bodies dependent on it, assure the presence of the General State Administration throughout the national territory. It acts, therefore, as an extension of government and administration. The structure of the Peripheral Administration varies according to the Autonomous Communities, because in the majority of them there are Delegations and Sub-delegations with the exception of the single-province Autonomous Communities, that do not have Sub-delegations, since the competences of these are taken by the Delegations itself (the Autonomous Community of Madrid is a single-province autonomous community that due to its status of Capital of the Kingdom and his population size, has Delegations and Sub-delegations). In the islands, there exists the Island Director.
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Partners for Democratic Change was established in 1989. Responding initially to the monumental changes in Central and Eastern Europe, Partners established Centers across Europe, the Americas, the Middle East, and Africa in this way generating and supporting sustainable capacity and local competences to address governmental, business, and civil society disputes, conflicts, and change issues through mediating processes and programs. Now independent NGOs with unique specializations, the organizations share common core competencies, enabling them to train citizens, government officials, non- government activists, and business leaders through in-country and regional training initiatives, and to apply their mediating and collaborative expertise and methodologies to public disputes and issues. As early as 1998, a next- generation network of the strong and well-established organizations founded by Partners for Democratic Change came into view.
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Despite the apparent parliamentary comfort of the ruling coalition, friction between both PSOE and IU remained an issue throughout the entire legislature, especially after Susana Díaz took over the government in September 2013. In April 2014, an episode of IU's housing counsellor awarding several government houses to homeless families without the president's consent resulted in the counsellor seeing her competences removed and in the coalition pact nearly breaking up. In January 2015, tension between both coalition partners reached its peak after IU proposed holding a referendum among its members in June 2015 on whether to remain or withdraw from the government. In response, Susana Díaz declared that "we need a government which enjoys a stability that currently does not exist", opening the door for a snap election to be held within a short time.
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The Special Representative was to submit a proposal regarding the distribution of constitutional competences between Tbilisi and Sukhumi; the need to increase efforts for a draft proposal on economic rehabilitation and the return of refugees to the Gali region was stressed. The Abkhaz side in particular was urged to engage in negotiations, and Ukraine was to hold the third meeting between the two sides concerning confidence-building measures in March 2001. The resolution reaffirmed the unacceptability of demographic changes resulting from the conflict and all refugees had the right to return. All violations of the 1994 Agreement on a Cease-fire and Separation of Forces were condemned, particularly the military exercise involving the use of heavy weapons in November 2000 that was noted in the Secretary-General's report.
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Despite generally positive nature of the aforementioned act regulating the operation of the potentially dangerous unit, it still contains rudimentary norms, which led, among other things, to the cancellation of its registration. For example, the functions, performance of which falls under the competences of the CF staff still are regarded as the units ‘prerogative: searches of the residential and production zones, personal belongings of the inmates etc. (p.3.7); ensuring law and order, adherence to the procedure of serving the term in CF and PTIC and adjacent territory under the law and other normative and regulatory acts; (p.3.9). In fact, the world practice testifies that specialized units can and should be used only in the emergency situations of mass actions disrupting work in the facilities, group sedition on the part of the inmates, hostages taking and other emergency situations.
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19th-century painting depicting the entry of the Catholic Monarchs in Murcia in 1488 Alfonso de la Cerda donated the Kingdom of Murcia to Jaime II of Aragon on 21 January 1296 in exchange for help vis-à-vis his challenge for the Castilian throne. The city remained under Aragonese control for eight years, until the delivering of the city signed on 16 November 1304, in compliance with the Treaty of Torrellas. The Castilian monarchs entrusted wide competences to a senior officer called the Adelantado Mayor over the whole Kingdom of Murcia (then a borderland of the Crown of Castile, nearing Granada and Aragon). The territory was to become subject of a nobiliary struggle for the political power between the lineage of Don Juan Manuel and the Fajardo family for much of the Late Middle Ages.
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DTEK Academy was founded in March 2010 in Donetsk. The MBA Programme 'Energy of Knowledge' created for middle and top-level managers was launched at the same time. In May 2010, DTEK Academy started the 'Energy of Leader' programme designed for senior executives on the basis of the concept of 5 Roles of DTEK's Leader: Leader, Strategist, Operator, Mentor, and Team Player. The programmes were designed together with leading European and Ukrainian business schools, including LBS, INSEAD and Kyiv Mohyla Business School. Apart from modular programmes for managers, DTEK Academy also offers competences development programmes, professional training courses, online e-courses, foreign language courses and special programmes for the talent pool and potential successors included into the TOP 50 programme. In November 2010, DTEK Academy launched a culture project of the DTEK Academy Movie Club as an informal method of personnel development.
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As with day-to- day business, the minority government provides a flexible institutional response in times of crisis that allows the state to continue to function and to be able to carry out its essential tasks. However, unlike current affairs, the action of a minority government is not locked to current affairs, day-to- day business or urgent decisions. It benefits from the fullness of its competences since it is constituted on the basis of a democratic decision which grants it de facto a certain democratic legitimacy. The main disadvantage of minority government by the elected assembly is that it can be instituted without a majority of the members of Parliament having voted in favour of it, but that, on the other hand, a majority of the members of the assembly is required to dismiss it (76 minimum).
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The Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC) is a nonprofit research institute founded in 1990, aiming to foster research in biomedicine and biotechnology and multidisciplinary graduate teaching at the University of Coimbra. CNC was the first established “Laboratório Associado” in Portugal, and it has steadily increased the scope of scientific competences over the years, with a strong focus on the exploitation of the fundamental mechanisms of ageing and brain diseases. Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology logo To cope with the main expected societal impact of biomedical research a strong integrative effort was made to link our basic research achievements to the biotechnology and applied research, and to the regional economical and productive tissue. The strong partnership developed between CNC and the Clinical Faculty allows for the translation of basic knowledge into clinical applications, enhanced by partnerships with the pharmaceutical industry.
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The Centre Tecnològic per a la Indústria Aeronàutica i de l’Espai (CTAE, Technological Centre for the Aeronautical and Space Industry), was founded in March 2005 as a non-profit private foundation by academia, government and industry in the region of Catalonia, Spain. CTAE is committed to boost the aeronautical and space sector in Catalonia, with a mission to enhance industrial competitiveness, stimulating innovation, and undertaking transversal initiatives involving research centers, government and companies. CTAE offers services of Research, Development and Innovation ("R+D+i") to companies, helping transform concept into product, with the support and the competences of universities and research centers, and financing projects with a mixed formula of public-private funding. CTAE promotes also trans-regional and international cooperation, transfer of technology with other non-aerospace sectors, as well as promotion of activities related to outreach the aerospace sector to society.
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In the face of an inefficient central government, with the national Sejm often disrupted by the liberum veto and the office of starosta losing much of its importance, sejmiks administered a portion of the taxes, and raised their own military (wojsko powiatowe). This period, which was known as the "rule of sejmiks" (rządy sejmikowe), was brought to an end by acts of the one-day Silent Sejm (Polish: sejm niemy) of 1717, which removed most taxation and military competences from the sejmiks. Some sejmiks were also affected by liberum veto until it was abolished for sejmiks in 1766; this was not always the case, as some decided to forgo unanimity and move to majority rule. Where the middle nobility had been the leading force at the sejmiks in the 16th century, the magnates became increasingly influential in the 18th century.
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Shanghai Consensus: Recommendations of the Third International Congress on Technical and Vocational Education and Training 'Transforming TVET: Building skills for work and life', Shanghai, People's Republic of China, 14 to 16 May. in September 2013. The deliberations included regional developments in Europe, notably the European Qualifications Framework (EQF) and in Asia, notably a common standard for competences developed by the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), as well as the move towards regional qualifications frameworks (RQFs) in Central America and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). At the national level, the development of national qualifications frameworks (NQFs) was considered across and beyond these regions, including Mercosur (Mercado Común del Sur, the Common Market of the South) in South America and the development of a transnational qualifications framework (TQF) by twenty- nine small states of the Commonwealth.
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For the best fulfillment of the competences attributed to the Youth Front, this was structured through different bodies, some of a personal nature and others, collective. At the head of the Delegation was the National Delegate of the Youth Front, freely appointed by the National Chief of the Traditionalist Spanish Falange and of the National Syndicalist Movement Offensive Board, Francisco Franco, at the proposal of the Secretary General, on which he depended hierarchically, as stated in article 11 of the founding law. Nothing says in the legal text on the removal of the Delegate, but the Statute of the Movement, in article 23 determines that at the head of each service there will be a Delegate, "appointed and dismissed freely by the National Chief". The organization was structured through services or departments to which they should develop the tasks entrusted.
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The idea of Greater Paris was originally proposed by former French President Nicolas Sarkozy as "a new global plan for the Paris metropolitan region" It first led to a new transportation master plan for the Paris region and to plans to develop several areas around Paris. The "Métropole du Grand Paris" was defined by the law of 27 January 2014 on the modernization of public territorial action and affirmation of cities as part of Act III of decentralization. The plans were considerably modified in December 2015, and the passage into action in two competences, economic development and protection of the environment, was delayed from 2016 to 2017. The plan was first announced on 17 September 2007 during the inauguration of "La Cité de l'architecture et du patrimoine", when Sarkozy declared his intent to create a "new comprehensive development project for Greater Paris".
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Under the Royal Decree 905/1991, of 14 June, the statute of the public entity Aena (acronym for Spanish Airports and Air Navigation) was approved, and this came into force on 19 June 1991, the day following its publication in the Official Spanish Gazette (BOE). The directives for action by the new entity were set by the Government through the then Ministry for Transport, Tourism and Communications, today the Ministry for Public Works, and competences for management of the network of Spanish airports, air navigation facilities and support networks and control over air traffic were entrusted to it. On 29 June 1990, in application of Art. 82 of the Act 4/1990, of 29 June 1990, the public entity Aeropuertos Españoles y Navegación Aérea (Aena), attached to the Ministry for Transport, Tourism and Communications, was created.
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In August 2015, under the Road-map, Iran provided the IAEA with additional details and denied the existence of any program aimed at the development of a nuclear explosive device, and in particular denied the existence of the AMAD Plan. In a 2015 report named Final Assessment on Past and Present Outstanding Issues regarding Iran’s Nuclear Programme, IAEA assessed that: :"a range of activities relevant to the development of a nuclear explosive device were conducted in Iran prior to the end of 2003 as a coordinated effort, and some activities took place after 2003 [but] these activities did not advance beyond feasibility and scientific studies, and the acquisition of certain relevant technical competences and capabilities. The Agency has no credible indications of activities in Iran relevant to the development of a nuclear explosive device after 2009".
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Campaign Against an EU Constitution (CAEUC) was a coalition left-wing political parties, organisations, trade unionists and individuals in Ireland, formed in 2005 to campaign against the anticipated European Union Constitution referendum. The Irish referendum on the issue did not materialise when the constitution was rejected in a constitutional referendum in France and a consultative referendum in the Netherlands (though it had previously been approved in Spain and in Luxembourg by referendums.) The Campaign against the EU constitution remained in existence, and campaigned against the Treaty of Lisbon in Ireland in 2008, alongside Sinn Féin, Libertas and various pro-life groups, on both left and right. The constitutional amendment which was required to enable ratification of the treatyUnder "Crotty v. An Taoiseach" any EU treaty which change the competences of the EU require a constitutional amendment to Constitution of Ireland.
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She was appointed a member of the Higher Education Authority, which oversees and partly funds universities and other third-level institutions in Ireland, in 1997; she also chaired its Audit Committee. Barker accepted an appointment as chairperson of the Blood Transfusion Service Board with effect from April 1999, during a period when the organisation was going through many changes; it was renamed as the Irish Blood Transfusion Service during her time in office. She made proposals to the Minister of Health at the time, Micheál Martin, regarding improvement of corporate governance, highlighting that the board lacked certain competences, including transfusion medicine and medical production, blood end users, HR, the law, and strategy, while instead including such profiles as a hotelier and a marketing executive. She also expressed concern at the treatment of her inputs and role by the Minister and others.
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Countries such as Britain should put forward proposals for returning some competences to national governments, they said, while "the EU should focus mainly on the following areas: a fair and open internal market; trade; currency and financial markets; climate, environment and energy; and foreign and security policy." Also, they proposed the establishment of a European budget commissioner with powers to reject national budgets if they do not correspond to the jointly agreed rules and a "eurozone parliament" comprising the MEPs of eurozone countries to strengthen the democratic legitimacy of decisions affecting the single currency bloc.Karl Lamers and Wolfgang Schäuble (31 August 2014), More integration is still the right goal for Europe Financial Times. On 21 November 2011 Schäuble said the euro would emerge stronger from the current crisis, and ultimately all non-members would be convinced to sign up.
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Venture capital is an example of the so-called smart money, a form of investment that apart from capital also includes mentoring and consulting. An investor paying to become a shareholder of the enterprise, supports it with his knowledge and experience, and helps it develop, which itself is sometimes much more desirable than financing itself. According to the Startup Poland study, aside from the help in the preparation of subsequent funding rounds, startups most often need the investors to introduce them to industry contacts and business mentoring. However, due to the inexperience of fund managers in the most important areas for startups, the offer of Polish investors is far from expected. The funds’ competences, both in terms of assistance in obtaining new investors, and opening contacts in the industry, are derivatives of a dense network of contacts and a solid reputation.
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At the beginning of the 20th century, the Air Force started to make its firsts steps and at the very start they were just the air branch of the Army and later it was also created a Naval Air Force subordinated to the Navy. During the Civil War, the armed forces split into two sides: the republican and the nationalist. In the republican side, there were two main ministries: the Ministry of War and the Ministry of the Navy and Aire Force; in the national side, there were only one unified ministry, the Ministry of National Defence that had all the competences over the three branches. After the Civil War, the francoist regime divided again the former Ministry of National Defence intro three ministries: Ministry of the Army, Ministry of the Navy and the new Ministry of the Air Force (created in 1939).
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Teece et al. also discuss Technological Assets, Structural Assets and Reputational Assets – echoing the three recurrent categories of Distinctive Capability identified by John Kay – Innovation, Architecture and Reputation. The discussion of technological assets and technology-based competences establishes the link to Technology Management and Technology Strategy. Teece et al. also discuss organizational structure, market/industry structure, organizational boundaries, notions of co-specialization in assets, cross-firm integration and the trade-offs between hierarchical management control and a nexus of contracts. This presages notions of the "Virtual Enterprise" or "Extended Enterprise" and establishes the link to Enterprise Architecture. It can be seen therefore that Dynamic Capabilities Theory is a highly integrative theory of the firm that links a wide range of fields including Business Strategy, Strategic Management, Knowledge Management, Technology Management, Technology Strategy, Systems Thinking, Enterprise Architecture or Enterprise Engineering and others.
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The constitution aimed to devolve self- government to both nationalities and regions, if the latter so desired, which were to be constituted as autonomous communities, yet making an implicit distinction between the two groups in the level of competences that were to be devolved, and in the way they were to attain self-government—the three "historical nationalities" (Catalonia, Galicia and the Basque Country) were granted a simplified "fast-track" process, while the rest of the regions had to follow a specific set of requirements. Thus the process was purposely intended to be asymmetrical in nature. The autonomous communities were to be formed from the existing provinces, a division of the centralising regime of the early nineteenth century: an autonomous community could be created by a province or group of provinces with common historical, cultural and economical features.143rd article.
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The autonomous communities of Spain While the constitution was still being drafted, there was a demonstration in Andalusia, which sought to be recognised as a "nationality" as well, and to be granted self-government also through a rapid process. This opened a phase that was dubbed in Spanish as "café para todos", "coffee for all", meaning that all regions would be "served the same"—that all nationalities and regions would accede to self-government in roughly the same degree, if at different paces. Catalonia, the Basque Country and Galicia acceded to autonomy via the fast-track route established in the 151st article of the constitution, with all competences granted, because in the past they had approved a Statute by referendum and they had already established a pre- autonomic provisional government. Andalusia began this process after a referendum in 1980.
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UNESCO created an E-platform for Intercultural Dialogue in 2018, intended "to promote good practices from all over the world, that enable to build bridges between people from diverse backgrounds in order to create more inclusive societies through mutual understanding and respect for diversity". One major section presents short explanations of about two dozen relevant core concepts, from intercultural dialogue to cultural identity to intercultural citizenship drawn from Intercultural Competences: A Conceptual and Operational Framework published in 2013. The Center for Intercultural Dialogue in the US has a website intended to serve as a clearinghouse, with information on everything from publication opportunities to conferences to collaborative opportunities, readings to podcasts to videotapes, jobs to fellowships to postdocs. Profiles of over 200 people interested in intercultural dialogue, and links to over 350 organizations around the world sharing goals have been published on the site.
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The institutional framework of the EEA consists of two pillars and is thus often referred to as the “two-pillar structure”. The EU and its institutions constitute one pillar (EU bodies), while the EEA EFTA States and their institutions constitute the other pillar (EEA EFTA bodies), mirroring those of the EU. Between these two pillars, a number of joint bodies have been established. Through these joint bodies, the 31 EEA States jointly implement and develop of the EEA Agreement. The two pillar structure of the EEA Agreement The two-pillar structure is necessary because the EEA EFTA States have not transferred any competences regarding surveillance and judicial review to the EU. In addition, the EEA EFTA States are also, as a main rule, constitutionally unable to accept binding decisions made by the EU institutions – especially the European Commission and the European courts – directly.
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Exiled for over a decade, Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia regain possession of his territories only on 20 May 1814, restoring the institutions existing before the Napoleonic rule. The corps of the Body Guards was re-established with the same dimension it originally had. On the following 13 July, the King established the "Corps of Royal Carabinieri" (Corpo dei Carabinieri Reali) with the occasional tasks of “escorting royals” (initially belonging to the Body Guards), along with the law enforcement and public security purposes according to the Royal Licences (Patenti Reali). Reforms of Charles Albert of Sardinia (1834-1849) reduced the personnel and competences of Body Guards while giving a greater relevance to the Carabinieri, who were also designated to form a mounted squadron of honour for the wedding of the Crown Prince Victor Emmanuel II with the Archduchess Adelaide of Austria in 1842.
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The Treaties of the European Union are a set of international treaties between the European Union (EU) member states which sets out the EU's constitutional basis. They establish the various EU institutions together with their remit, procedures and objectives. The EU can only act within the competences granted to it through these treaties and amendment to the treaties requires the agreement and ratification (according to their national procedures) of every single signatory. Two core functional treaties, the Treaty on European Union (originally signed in Maastricht in 1992, aka The Maastricht Treaty) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (originally signed in Rome in 1957 as the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, aka The Treaty of Rome), lay out how the EU operates, and there are a number of satellite treaties which are interconnected with them.
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After the Institut national d'études démographiques, the MPIDR is the largest demographic research body in Europe and one of the largest in the world.Tina M. Nebe, Mapping of Competences, Pioneur, July 2003 Conducting basic research into demographic processes, it analyzes the underlying causes of demographic change, describes contemporary demographic trends, produces forecasts for the future direction of demographic processes, highlights the potential consequences facing society, and assists decision-makers in the various political and social institutions by providing them with solid information and expert advice.The institute is participating in four international doctoral training programs: The International Max Planck Research School for Demography,International Max Planck Research School for Demography (IMPRSD) the European Doctoral School of Demography (EDSD),European Doctoral School of Demography the MaxNet Aging Research School (MNARS),MaxNet Aging Research School and the PhD program DemographyPh.D program Demographic Change at Rostock University.
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While Frederick I, together with King Richard I of England and – among others – Adolphus III, left for the Third Crusade, Frederick's defeated rival, Henry the Lion, Richard's brother-in-law, promised to stay calm in English exile. But instead Henry returned in September 1189 and Hartwig warmly welcomed him in Stade and ceded him the Bremian County of Stade with the pertaining revenues. Henry the Lion invaded the County of Holstein, whose absent ruler Adolphus III, a former vassal of Henry, he blamed for felony. Meanwhile, Frederick I's son Henry VI, holding the imperial stake, and his troops seized most of Henry the Lion's allodially owned Guelphic possessions around the city of Brunswick, but not the city itself. Arriving at Bremen in 1190, Henry VI withdrew Hartwig's princely competences (regalia) and forced him to England and then Lüneburg in exile, returning after a few years.
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Since 2015, there are many more coalition governments than previously in municipalities, autonomous regions and, since 2020 (coming from the November 2019 Spanish general election), in the Spanish Government. There are two ways of conforming them: all of them based on a program and its institutional architecture, one consists on distributing the different areas of government between the parties conforming the coalition and the other one is, like in the Valencian Community, where the ministries are structured with members of all the political parties being represented, so that conflicts that may occur are regarding competences and not fights between parties. Coalition governments in Spain had already existed during the 2nd Republic, and have been common in some specific Autonomous Communities since the 80's. Nonetheless, the prevalence of two big parties overall has been eroded and the need for coalitions appears to be the new normal since around 2015.
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In terms of competences, the PPT goes beyond the recognition of individual criminal responsibility in order to assess also the responsibility of states, of business corporations and of international organizations. It aim is to generate truth, memory and moral reparation. The work of the TPP is based on the principles expressed in the Universal Declaration of the Rights of Peoples proclaimed in Algiers in 1976 and the main international instruments protecting human rights. The historical and geographical context of the Declaration, known as the Charter of Algiers, clearly links the general principles of the Declaration for the liberation struggles—which Resolution 1514 (XV) of the United Nations of 14 December 1960 had already put under the protection of international law—with the understanding that the right to self- determination could not be proclaimed as fulfilled and that it did not involve only the political phase of decolonization.
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Chikán A., Kovács E., Matyusz Zs., Sass M., Vakhal P.: Long-term trends in inventory investment in traditional market and post-socialist economies INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION ECONOMICS 181: pp. 14–23. (2016) Chikán A.: Managers' view of a new inventory paradigm INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION ECONOMICS 133:(1) pp. 54–59. (2011) Chikán A., Gelei A.: New Insight into the Competitiveness of Supplier Firms: Aligning Competences and Customer Expectations SUPPLY CHAIN FORUM: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 11:(2) pp. 30–44. (2010) Chikán A.: Co-ordination and public administration in a global economy - A Hungarian point of view SOCIETY AND ECONOMY 31:(1) pp. 71–92. (2009) Chikán A.: National and firm competitiveness: a general research model COMPETITIVENESS REVIEW 18:(1-2) pp. 20–28. (2008) Chikán A.: The New Role of Inventories in Business: Real World Changes and Research Consequences INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION ECONOMICS 108:(1-2) pp. 54–62.
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In a broader sense, this concept also includes the participation of non-state players like economic and social partners and civil society in the decision making process of all levels of governance(thus taking up the vertical and horizontal dimensions of multilevel governance). The Treaty of Lisbon as an important step towards Multilevel Governance The Treaty of Lisbon represents an important step towards institutional recognition of multi-level governance in the way the European Union operates. It strengthens the competences and influence of local and regional authorities in the Community decision-making process giving roles to national (and regional) parliaments and the Committee of the Regions and enshrines the territorial dimension of the European Union, notably territorial cohesion as part of the process of European integration. The Committee of the Regions has established a system to monitor the compliance with the subsidiarity thorough the whole EU policy and law making process.
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The Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (MEFP) is the department of the Government of Spain responsible for proposing and carrying out the government policy on education and vocational training, including all the teachings of the education system except university education, without prejudice to the competences of the National Sports Council in matters of sports education. Likewise, it is also the responsibility of this Department the promotion of cooperation actions and, in coordination with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the promotion of international relations in the field of non- university education. The Education in Spain is established as a decentralized system in which the regions has powers over the basic and secondary education while the central government establishes the general basis of the system and it is responsible for the tertiary education. Currently, the Education Ministry has no authority over universities because it is the responsibility of the Ministry of Universities.
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The institutional solutions involved remodeling the General State Administration, creating a Second Deputy Prime Minister for economic affairs and the position of Minister of Economy through several royal decrees signed on 4 July 1977, appointments that fall in Fuentes Quintana. With the Ministry of Economy recovered, the necessary body is created to group in a single department the different competences in the matter of organization and economic planning and to be able to single out the decisions on economic policy extracting them in part from the Ministry of the Treasury. Its main task was to establish the guidelines of the general economic policy, the short and medium term programming and the study of the proposal of advisable measures to ensure the smooth running of the economy of the country. During the last government of Suarez were merged into one, the Economy and Commerce portfolios.
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Rohrer 2006 The problem of exactly how these images are stored and manipulated within the human brain, in particular within language and communication, remains a fertile area of study. One of the longest-running research topics on the mental image has basis on the fact that people report large individual differences in the vividness of their images. Special questionnaires have been developed to assess such differences, including the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ) developed by David Marks. Laboratory studies have suggested that the subjectively reported variations in imagery vividness are associated with different neural states within the brain and also different cognitive competences such as the ability to accurately recall information presented in picturesMarks, 1973 Rodway, Gillies and Schepman used a novel long-term change detection task to determine whether participants with low and high vividness scores on the VVIQ2 showed any performance differences.
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Since the elections of 21 May 1995, there has been a breakdown of powers between the Chamber of Representatives and the Senate, which resulted in the latter having fewer competences than the Chamber of Representatives. Prior to that, the Chamber of Representatives and the Senate did the same parliamentary work on an equal footing, but now there are three different legislative procedures that can be followed: the one-chamber procedure, the optional two-chamber procedure, and the mandatory two-chamber procedure. In certain matters both Chambers have equal power. These include constitutional revisions, laws requiring a qualified majority, laws on the basic structure of the Belgian State, laws approving agreements of cooperation between the Federal State, the Communities and the Regions, laws on the approval of international treaties, and laws on the organisation of the judiciary, the Council of State, and the Constitutional Court.
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History of FRUCT Association started in 2007 when Sergey Balandin (Principal Scientist of Nokia Research Center), Eugeny Krouk (Professor of Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation) and Jarkko Paavola (Professor of University of Turku) agreed to create joint work group to increase relevance and quality of students' research by involving IT and ICT experts from academia and industry to supervision of the projects.Main web resource of FRUCT Association From the beginning FRUCT attracted attention of the regional media.FRUCT Association overview article in Informatization and Education online journal The first seminar of the work groupWeb page of the 1st FRUCT seminar was held in St. Petersburg in May 2007, where the group was reorganized into the independent informal open innovations community. FRUCT Association is voluntary community that combines R&D; forces of its members using Open Innovations principles to create critical mass of competences and world-class competitive results.
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In the framework of the project, numerous court buildings were constructed, the infrastructure in this area was updated and the most up-to-date technologies was introduced in the courts. The role of prosecuting authorities in the judicial system was also reviewed in the framework of legal and judicial reforms, and its activities have been adapted to international standards and to the requirements of democratic institutions. Thus, a number of previous competences of public prosecution were revoked, warrant to issue arrests was granted to the courts, supervision over courts by Prosecutor’s office were eliminated according to the “Law on Prosecutor's Office” (1999). As a result, the Prosecutor’s Office of Azerbaijan became the independent body to start criminal case, carry out preliminary investigation, oversee the implementation of laws in the activities of investigative and operational-search bodies, and represent as a claimant on behalf of the state in civil issues.
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Article 17 ECC sets forth the applicable rules for those cases where electronic communications fall under the legislative authority of a regional economic integration organisation (REIO). The rationale of article 17 is, on the one hand, to ensure that the Convention will not be applied to commercial relations falling under the scope of application of the legislation of the REIO and, on the other hand, to clarify the distribution of legislative power between REIOs (and therefore unaffected by the Convention) and national States (and therefore under the scope of the Convention in case of cross-border exchanges). In other words, the Convention does not intend to interfere with regional regimes. In particular, article 17(2) ECC requires the REIO that intends to become a party to the ECC to deposit a declaration on the distribution of competences between the REIO and its member States.
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In 1269, 1272 and 1282 the brothers gradually divided their governing competences within the three territorially unconnected Saxon areas (one called Land of Hadeln around Otterndorf, another around Lauenburg upon Elbe and the third around Wittenberg), thus preparing a partition. In the imperial election in 1273 Albert II represented the jointly ruling brothers. In return Rudolph I had married his daughter Agnes of Habsburg to Albert II. After John I had resigned in 1282 in favour of his three minor sons Eric I, John II and Albert III, followed by his death three years later, the three brothers and their uncle Albert II continued the joint rule in Saxony. In 1288 Albert II applied to King Rudolph I for the enfeoffment of his son and heir Duke Rudolf I with the Electorate of Saxony, which ensued a long lasting dispute with the eager clan of the House of Wettin.
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These provinces opposed such a special status, and after considering other options for Madrid—like its inclusion in the community of Castile and León or its constitution as an entity similar to a federal district.—it was decided that the province of Madrid would become a single-province autonomous community by virtue of Article 144 of the Constitution, which empowers the Cortes to create an autonomous community in the "nation's interest" even if it did not satisfy the requirement of having a distinct historical identity. Thus, in 1983, the Community of Madrid was constituted and a Statute of Autonomy was approved taking over all the competences of the old "Diputación Provincial" and the new ones the Statute considered. Sunset in Las Tablas in 2015 During the first 25 years of the "autonomic" period, the region accounted for the biggest economic growth in Spain, becoming a platform for the internationalisation of the Spanish economy, featuring a marked preponderance of the service sector.
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Article 2 of the Charter affirms the prohibition on capital punishment in the EU Following the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009 the fundamental rights charter has the same legal value as the European Union treaties. The Charter referred to in the Treaty is an amended version of the 2000 document which was solemnly declared by the same three institutions a day before the signing of the Lisbon Treaty itself. Article 51(1) of the Charter addresses the Charter to the EU's institutions, bodies established under EU law and, when implementing EU laws, the EU's member states. In addition both Article 6 of the amended Treaty of European Union and Article 51(2) of the Charter itself restrict the Charter from extending the competences of the EU. A consequence of this is that the EU will not be able to legislate to vindicate a right set out in the Charter unless the power to do such is set out in the Treaties proper.
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In 1984 the Civil Service Reform Act reconfigured the Labour Inspectorate, named since 1981 Labour and Social Security Inspectorate, organizing the inspection function around two bodies, the Labour and Social Security Inspectors Superior Corps and that of Labour Comptrollers, as a management body. In 1985 the Inspectorate became a Directorate-General of the Ministry of Labour. Finally, in 1997 and according to the new territorial organization of the State that emerged from the 1978 Constitution, the Labour and Social Security Inspection System was configured as an integrated institutional set, whose functions are exercised respecting the powers of the State and of the Autonomous Communities, reason why the conditions of participation of these regions in the development of the Labour and Social Security Inspection System are established. Consequently, this Law defines an institutional system for Labour and Social Security Inspection that is jointly established within the scope of the State and the Autonomous Communities, based on their respective competences and under the principle of inter-institutional collaboration.
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Football was introduced in Somalia by the Italians, as an amateur sport activity of colonial Mogadishu & surroundings in the late 1920s. In the 1930s, Italian authorities began to organize professional sport in Somalia. These sports were initially concentrated only in the capital Mogadishu.Sport e fascismo (in Italian); p. 248 In 1931 governor Maurizio Rava created the Federazione Sportiva della Somalia, which organized competences of football for the Italian community and promoted the first sport activities among the young native population. In 1933 the first Somali football championship was created in Mogadishu, called Coppa Federazione Sportiva, with three teams ("Societa' Mogadiscio", "Milizia" and the winner "Marina"1933 Somali Championship). In 1938 the football championship was won by the "Amaruini" team, made up mainly of local Somalis; in 1939 the winning team was the "Araba". The full Somali Football teams were established initially around the second half of the 1940s: their competitions were not well organised, but these activities are credited for the initiating of the "Somali liberation movement".
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Starting from the objectives of its activity program, the Ministry of Finance elaborates the necessary set of normative acts regulating the budgetary process, the taxation and accounting system, develops medium and long-term forecasts regarding the financial resources, finds solutions of public finance reform, ensures receipts and payments to the state budget. The ministry also elaborates and promotes the draft annual budget law and, if necessary, draft laws for amending and supplementing the annual state budget law. On the other hand, this state structure carries out the execution of the state budget, administrative-territorial units' budgets, state social insurance budget income and compulsory health insurance fund income. The contracting and guaranteeing of state loans on the internal and external financial market, within the limits of the competences established by the law, the management and monitoring of the internal and external debts of the Government, are also related to the functions of the Ministry of Finance.
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The competences of the fueros at one point in time included the right to establish custom controls, have their own militias as well as some governing institutions, and to manage their civic and fiscal affairs, but these were progressively reduced or completely eliminated — as was the case for the former constituent kingdoms of the Crown of Aragon. The case of the Basque territories was unique, in that their fueros were the only to survive well into the 19th century, even if their scope was much reduced, whereas the fueros of other kingdoms and regions had already been abolished by then. During the 19th century, and in the several constitutions that were written, the monarchy tried to homogenize all regions in Spain, and tried to abolish the fueros of the Basque provinces and Navarre. The constitution of 1837, for example, established that the same codes should govern the entire kingdom, and a single fuero should apply to all Spaniards.
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The Collegium states its concerns in the Preamble to the Declaration of Interdependence: > Alerted by the dangers that threaten the equilibrium of the world and the > future of humanity, the members of the International Ethical, Political and > Scientific Collegium have identified four principal reasons as the origin of > these dangers. The first is a lack of orientation, vision or ethical > practices in the exercise of political, economic, media, and technological > power by those who hold it. Neither States nor multinational corporations > nor other holders of effective power appear to express this vision. The > United Nations identified the objectives to be achieved in order to respond > to the major challenges of the new century; however, its normative function > is weakened by the fragmentation of competences, between the various > international organizations, and by the absence of an integrated mechanism, > such as a world human rights jurisdiction, which would control the effective > and indivisible application of all fundamental rights, whether civil, > political, economic, cultural and/or social.
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This meant that the Hof and the Hoge Raad in practice competed with one another as appellate courts (though formally decisions of the Hof could be appealed to the Hoge Raad) due to a vague delineation of the jurisdictions and competences of the two courts. When in 1795 the Batavian Republic overthrew the old Republic the Hoge Raad was dissolved, but the Hof remained in place, be it that its name was changed in 1798 to Hof van Justitie van Holland en Zeeland (Court of Justice of Holland and Zeeland). With the new constitution of 1801 the province of Zeeland got its own Hof van Justitie (Court of Justice), which was split off from the Holland one in 1803. When the Kingdom of Holland (which had succeeded the Batavian Republic in 1806) was annexed to the French Empire in 1810 all such provincial Courts of Justice were abolished as of January 1, 1811.
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In 1260, Albert I's sons Albert II and John I succeeded their father. In 1269, 1272 and 1282, the brothers gradually divided their governing competences within the three territorially unconnected Saxon areas along the Elbe river (one called Land of Hadeln, another around Lauenburg upon Elbe and the third around Wittenberg upon Elbe), thus preparing a partition. After John I's resignation, Albert II ruled with his minor nephews Albert III, Eric I and John II, who by 1296 definitely partitioned Saxony providing Saxe-Lauenburg for the brothers, and Saxe-Wittenberg for their uncle Albert II. The last document, mentioning the brothers and their uncle Albert II as Saxon fellow dukes dates back to 1295.Cordula Bornefeld, "Die Herzöge von Sachsen-Lauenburg", in: Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg [De slevigske hertuger; German], Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, Neumünster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp.
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The Freedom Association produces many publications on a range of issues through the charity, the Hampden Trust. Recent publications include In Defence of the City, a collection of essays by financial commentators and professionals about the role of financial services in the UK and their contribution to the UK economy with an introduction by Mark Littlewood, Director General of the Institute of Economic Affairs, and Commonwealth, Common-trade, Common-growth, a book advocating a move towards increased trade with Commonwealth countries amidst high growth in developing countries. During 2015, the Freedom Association produced a number of publications celebrating the 800th anniversary of Magna Carta and published, with the help of the Hampden Trust, a new "Magna Carta for the 21st Century". In addition, the Freedom Association publishes a number of reports on the EU through its Better Off Out campaign, such as "The EU's Effect on the UK's Place in the World", which was submitted to the government for their balance of competences review.
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The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), and the United Nations Development Program – Information and Communication Technology for Development in the Arab Region (UNDP–ICTDAR) have come together to initiate Ma3bar, the Arab Support Center for Free and Open Source Software. The objectives of Ma3bar are three-fold: #Capacity building by providing the necessary training and assistance in developing the necessary skills and competences in the public and the private sectors, as well as in non- government organizations, and encouraging the inclusion of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) courses as part of the standard course offerings in universities as well as networking the various FOSS communities that exist in the Arab Region. #Support the creation of applications (or toolkits) that will meet the needs of the local market and lead to the strengthening of local and regional expertise. #Raise awareness at the government and business levels on the potential and viability of open source solutions and applications as solid alternatives to proprietary software.
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The National Library Service puts at disposal the Inter library loan SBN (ILL SBN), a national service of interlibrary loan and document delivery, accessible to everybody and addressed to librarians and end users. The interlibrary loan service was at the base of the SBN project, having integrated competences and projects which had been started in November 1979 by the working group "Co-operation Experience" (Esperienza di cooperazione, ECO), later continued in the project "National Document Access Service" (Servizio nazionale di accesso ai documenti, SNADOC), started in Tuscany in the mid-1980s.. In the 2010s, the loan service can be accessed through the catalogue of the National Library Service, via the ACNP national serial catalogue (Catalogo italiano dei periodici, "Italian Union Catalogue of Serials") and the ESSPER serial catalogue (Catalogo collettivo di spogli di periodici italiani di economia, scienze sociali e storia dell'Associazione ESSPER, "Collective Catalogue of Selected Italian Periodicals of Economics, Social Sciences and History of the ESSPER Association").
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After the 1884 elections, Romero Rubio was appointed Secretary General of the Interior by General Díaz; position that he held until his death. The competences of the Secretary of the Interior under the leadership of Manuel Romero Rubio covered a wide range of powers that, due to their enormous social and political weight, were essential for the constitution of the Porfirian hegemony. The core of the functions of the Secretary was to guarantee public tranquility, which implied its participation in various essential issues for the functioning of the state: Monitor compliance with the Constitution. To achieve this, so the Secretary of the Interior maintained powers to request to the Congress of the Union the partial or total suspension of constitutional guarantees in cases of hazard of public peace, as well as the power to promote before the Chamber of deputies law initiatives and constitutional reforms, which allowed in 1887 the reelection of Díaz.
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These informations are transmitted, under disposition of the premier and after consulting the Comitato interministeriale per la sicurezza della Repubblica (CISR, 'Inter- ministerial Committee for the Security of the Republic'), to public administrations or entities interested to the acquisition of security informations. It elaborates, along with AISE and AISI, the acquisition plan of human and material resources and of every other resource useful for the intelligence activities, to submit for the approval of the Prime Minister. While leaving intact the exclusive competences of AISE and AISI regarding the elaboration of the related operative research plans, DIS elaborates strategical analysis or related to particular situations, formulates estimations and previsions based on the sectorial analytical contributions of AISE and AISI. Furthermore, DIS elaborates, also according to informations and reports of other agencies or entities, global analysis to submit to al CISR, as well as projects of informative research on which the Prime Minister decides, after consulting CISR.
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Tribunal de Corts (High Court of Justice) inside Casa de la Vall, the central Judiciary Court of Andorra In 1601 the Tribunal de Corts (High Court of Justice) was created as a result of Huguenot rebellions in France, Inquisition courts coming from Spain and witchcraft- related believes native to the area, in the context to the Reformation and Counter-Reformation. With the passage of time, the co-title to Andorra passed to the kings of Navarre. After Henry III of Navarre became king of France, he issued an edict in 1607 that established the head of the French state and the bishop of Urgell as co-princes of Andorra, a political arrangement that continues up to the present time. During 1617, communal councils form the sometent (popular militia or army) to deal with the rise of bandolerisme (brigandage) and the Consell de la Terra was defined and structured in terms of its composition, organization and competences current today.
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Her research focuses on the treatment of evidence and role of expertise in environmental governance, against growing reliance on computer modelling techniques. It is characterized by a commitment to experimental and collaborative research practices that bring the different knowledge competences of social and natural scientists into play with those of diverse local publics living with environmental risks and hazards like floods and droughts. Her ideas were developed further in Political Matter (Whatmore & Braun eds. 2010). Her critical ideas have been well received by theorists, but less so by policy-oriented environmental thinkers and traditional geographers less inclined to "theorise" human-environment relationships. Nonetheless, she has been a member of the Science Advisory Council to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) and chair of its Social Science Expert Group; a member of the Science Advisory Group established to advise the Cabinet Office’s National Flood Resilience Review (2016), and as a member of the board of the Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology.
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The competences of the Sejm of the Duchy of Warsaw were limited compared to its predecessor, the Sejm of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It had no legislative initiative (that was limited to the executive, represented by the king and the Council of State), and could only accept or refuse (by simple majority) the legislation on the issues of treasury (finances and taxes) and civil and criminal law, presented to it by the executive. Further, discussions were limited, as only the members of the five-person strong committees (one for treasury and one for each of the two laws), elected in secret ballot and tasked with the analysis of the proposed legislation, and members of the Council of State, had the right to speak. In practice, the members of the Sejm found a way to overcome this limitation, as after the day session would be officially closed, the deputies would remain in the parliament and start a new discussion.
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It is noteworthy that the two groups of Salii did not split their competences so that one group only opened the way to war and the other to peace: they worked together both at the opening and the conclusion of the military season, marking the passage of power from one god to the other. Thus the Salii enacted the dialectic nature present in the warring and peaceful aspect of the Roman people, particularly the iuvenes.A passage of Statius Silvae V 2, 128, to be found in a poem in honour of his friend Crispinus, a Salius Collinus, suggests clearly the difference between the functions of the arms of Quirinus and those of Mars (and Minerva): "Mars and the virgin Actea shew the points ... the arms of Quirinus ... shields born from the clouds and arms untouched by slaughter": the arms of Quirinus were peaceful. This dialectic was reflected materially by the location of the temple of Mars outside the pomerium and of the temple of Quirinus inside it.
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Its area of competence covers the whole administrative region and the two administrative departments (which were kept at state level with their two prefectures and their respective subprefectures for state-managed services). The overseas departements and regions were all proposed to merge their single departmental council (conseil départemental) coexisting with their regional council (conseil régional) on the same territory (at state level they are unified as DROM for their prefectures) into a collectivité unique. The proposal was rejected by local referendum in Guadeloupe and in Réunion, but this occurred in Martinique and French Guiana whose former departemental and regional councils were merged into a single unitary authority named assemblée, elected during departmental elections. Mayotte with its newer status of department chose to keep this designation for its unitary authority, named departmental council (no regional council was ever created), but which also has the competence of a regional council (plus a few specific competences transferred from the state like other French overseas).
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The Department of Information and Tourism was created by a Decree-Law of 19 July 1951. The ministry assumed the competences over media and entertainment —press, cinematography and theater and broadcasting— that until then were attributed to the Undersecretariat of Popular Education, whose head was Manuel Arburúa de la Miyar, while those of tourism had been attributed to the Directorate- General for Tourism, whose director-general had been, since its creation in 1938 and for fifteen years, Luis Bolín and that until then depended on the Ministry of Home Affairs. Another of the bodies that came to depend on the ministry was the National Delegation of Press, Propaganda and Radio, a body that was in charge of the media controlled by the Falange —such as the Movement Press Group or the Network of Broadcasters of the Movement—. The ministry was abolished during the Spanish transition to democracy, assuming the Office of the Spokesperson the powers relating to information and the Ministry of Commerce those of tourism.
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However, whilst Alexander first agreed, after his coronation he refused to affirm this privilege. Later the Nihil Novi act of 1505 affirmed the right of both the Chamber of Envoys and Senate to propagate common law for the kingdom. In 1529 the Senate finally reached a decision on its own composition; after the accession of Mazovia to the Kingdom of Poland, the Senate became composed of Roman Catholic diocesan bishops, provincial governors, lesser and greater castellans, ministers (grand chamberlain, chancellor, deputy chancellors, grand treasurer and court Marshal), all of whom were appointed for life by the king. At this time the competences of the Senate were also laid down as pertaining to participation in legislation, foreign policy and the Sejm Court. The 1661 session of the Senate in Jasna Góra In 1537 the Senate followed a course of action which would have seen it become the most important institution in protecting landowners’ rights and freedoms.
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European Health Insurance Card (Slovenian version pictured) The EU has no major competences in the field of health care and Article 35 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union affirms that "A high level of human health protection shall be ensured in the definition and implementation of all Union policies and activities". The European Commission's Directorate-General for Health and Consumers seeks to align national laws on the protection of people's health, on the consumers' rights, on the safety of food and other products. All EU and many other European countries offer their citizens a free European Health Insurance Card which, on a reciprocal basis, provides insurance for emergency medical treatment insurance when visiting other participating European countries. A directive on cross-border healthcare aims at promoting co- operation on health care between member states and facilitating access to safe and high-quality cross-border healthcare for European patients.
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In fact the elections were non-free, and National Councils had little autonomy, being almost completely dependent on decisions of Polish United Workers Party (PZPR). The tasks of Voivodeship National Council () were to managing the public life of the Voivodeship, social control over the activities of the Voivode and performing the functions of local self-government of the second instance. It was only the Act on the organization and scope of operation of national councils that specified the competences of councils by granting them legislative functions of local government, planning public activities, determining the budget and benefit plan, controlling the activities of state and local executive bodies, and appointing self-government executive bodies. The composition of national councils was determined on the basis of delegating their representatives by trade unions, workers 'and workers' unions, craft and agricultural organizations, cooperative unions, industrial, trade, cultural and educational organizations as well as 2 representatives of poviat national councils.
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The ministry is headed by the minister aided by three deputy ministers. The ministry carries out its activities in accordance with the resolution enacted by the Presidential Decree No. 541 dated November 7, 2008. As of January 2000, the Ministry of Justice acquired the most important competences, such as governing the penitentiary system and its organizational management, functions of Public and Civil Register (in 2004), governing State Archives (in 2004); organizational maintenance of effective governing system, as well as of State Commission of territorial settlement reform and activities of its workgroups (in 2006). Main functions of the ministry are protection of state interests at national and international courts and tribunals; identification of standards of active regulatory acts; bringing Georgian legislation in accordance with international guidelines; formation of the State Register; adjustment of emigration and migration procedures; regulation of Notary Functions, Public Registry Services, Civil Registry Services; maintaining State Archives; enforcement of court decisions; arrangement of the state representation at the European Court of Human Rights.
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Launched in 2015 at the Lille Campus, the Bachelor in International Business, Diplôme d’Études Supérieures en Affaires Internationales, is designed for students interested in management and international business taught entirely in English. Moreover, the programme has been designed and built to allow students to join the labor market after three years of studies. Majority of the students selected into the BIB programme are international students and French students with prior expatriate experience which creates a culturally diverse group and a small class size. Students are taught to manage projects for international companies and to operate in complex business environments in an ethically responsible and sustainable way. Through a mix of theoretical and applied knowledge, the Bachelor in International Business provides students with a solid understanding of the international economic environment; an initial exposure to the business world, with its various elements; and a strong foundation in the disciplines of management for the development of students’ behavioral and managerial competences.
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Coat of arms of the House of Ascania, originally Counts of Ballenstedt In 1269, 1272 and 1282 the co-ruling brothers John I and Albert II gradually divided their governing competences within the then three territorially unconnected Saxon areas (Hadeln, Lauenburg and Wittenberg), thus preparing a partition. After John I had resigned in 1282 in favour of his three minor sons Eric I, John II and Albert III, followed by his death three years later, the three brothers and their uncle Albert II continued the joint rule in Saxony. In 1288 Albert II applied at King Rudolph I for the enfeoffment of his son and heir Duke Rudolph I with the Palatinate of Saxony, which ensued a long lasting dispute with the eager clan of the House of Wettin. When the County of Brehna was reverted to the Empire after the extinction of its comital family the king enfeoffed Duke Rudolph. In 1290 Albert II gained the County of Brehna and in 1295 the County of Gommern for Saxony.
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In practice, what this means, is that the historical territories of the Basque Country have the faculty to maintain, establish and regulate their tax systems, including the ability to collect, manage and inspect all State taxes — that is all the taxes established by the central government — with the exception of import duties and the value added tax. The autonomous community then transfers to the central government a specific amount of money, for the management of those competences that the community did not assume, but that are within the central government's scope of action. This amount is known as cupo, "quota", or aportación, "contribution", and the treaty whereby this system is recognized is known as concierto, "treaty", or convenio, "pact". Navarre, on the other hand, chose not to form part of the autonomous community of the Basque Country and, unlike the other communities, it acceded to self-government by taking as a starting point the recognition of their fueros, based on the Ley Paccionada, "Negotiated Law", of 1841, which had been declared valid.
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Environmental citizenship (EC) is defined as the responsible pro-environmental behavior of citizens who act and participate in society as agents of change in the private and public sphere, on a local, national and global scale, through individual and collective actions, in the direction of solving contemporary environmental problems, preventing the creation of new environmental problems, achieving sustainability as well as developing a healthy relationship with nature. Environmental citizenship includes the exercise of environmental rights and duties, as well as the identification of the underlying structural causes of environmental degradation and environmental problems, the development of the willingness and the competences for critical and active engagement and civic participation to address those structural causes, acting individually and collectively within democratic means, and taking into account inter- and intra-generational justice. Environmental citizenship is a key factor in EU's growth strategy (Europe 2020) and its vision for Sustainable Development, Green and Cycle economy and Low-carbon society (EU-roadmap 2050). Because of its emphasis on rights and responsibilities, there are clear links between the environmental contract and notions of environmental citizenship.
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Livy lists the hostiae, victims, as the first competence of the pontiffs: following come the days, temples, money, other sacred ceremonies, funerals and prodigies. The potential for classification inherent in this text has been remarked by modern historians of Roman religion, even though some, as Bouché- Leclercq, think of a tripartite structure, rather than a division into five (Turchi) or seven parts (Peruzzi). At any rate it is an important document of pontifical derivation that establishes a sort of hierarchic order of competences. Livy continues saying Numa dedicated an altar to Jupiter Elicius as the source of religious knowledge and consulted the god by means of auguries as to what should be expiated; instituted a yearly festival to Fides (Faith) and commanded the three major flamines to be carried to her temple in an arched chariot and to perform the service with their hands wrapt up to the fingers, meaning Faith had to be sacred as in men's right hand; among many other rites he instituted he dedicated places of the Argei.
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Some specific appointments within a professional dive team have defined competences and registration may be required. There is considerable difference in the diving procedures of professional divers, where a diving team with formally appointed members in specific roles and with recognised competence is required by law, and recreational diving, where in most jurisdictions the diver is not constrained by specific laws, and in many cases is not required to provide any evidence of competence. In recreational diving there may be no team at all for a solo diver, a dive buddy is the default arrangement, a three diver team is fairly common for technical diving, and a major technical dive or expedition may have a fairly complex team including surface support personnel made up to suit the requirements of the dive plan. Recreational diving instructors often use an assistant to increase the number of learners they can safely manage in the water, and dive guides may use an assistant to help keep the group together and assist the customers in an emergency.
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The Chernobyl Forum released on 5 September 2005 a comprehensive scientific assessment report on the consequences of the Chernobyl accident titled: "Chernobyl’s Legacy: Health, Environmental and Socio-Economic Impacts".Press release by IAEA, WHO and UNDP "Chernobyl: The True Scale of the Accident" A revised edition was released in March 2006 and is available here, together with the Forum's report "Recommendations to the Governments of Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine". The report covers environmental radiation, human health and socio-economic aspects. About 100 recognized experts from many countries, including Belarus, Russia and Ukraine, have contributed. The report claims to be "the most comprehensive evaluation of the accident’s consequences to date" and to represents "a consensus view of the eight organizations of the UN family according to their competences and of the three affected countries".Chernobyl Forum assessment report "Chernobyl’s Legacy: Health, Environmental and Socio-Economic Impacts" On the death toll of the accident, the report states that 28 emergency workers died from acute radiation syndrome and 15 patients died from thyroid cancer.
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The Brazilian Federal Highway Police (Polícia Rodoviária Federal or PRF) is a federal highway patrol, subordinate to the Ministry of Justice, whose main function is fighting crime on Brazilian federal roads and highways, as well as monitoring and supervising vehicular traffic, although it has also taken on duties that go beyond its original authority, such as action within Brazilian cities and forests in conjunction with other public safety agencies. It was subordinate to the old National Department of Roadways (Departamento Nacional de Estradas de Rodagem or DNER), now the National Department of Transport Infrastructure (Departamento Nacional de Infra-Estrutura de Transportes or DNIT), until the publication of Law 8,028 of 12 April 1990, which redefined the structure of the Brazilian executive branch. Its competences are defined by article 144 of the Federal Constitution and by Law 9,503 (Brazilian Traffic Code), by Decree 1655 of 3 October 1995 and by its internal regulation, approved by Ministerial Decree 1,375 of 2 August 2007. The title patrolman given to the members was abolished in 1998, replaced by the title policewoman/-man.
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In 2004 the Basque Parliament approved the Ibarretxe Plan, whereby the Basque Country would approve a new Statute of Autonomy containing key provisions such as shared sovereignty with Spain, full independence of the judiciary, and the right to self-determination, and assuming all competences except that of the Spanish nationality law, defense, and monetary policy. The plan was rejected by the Spanish Parliament in 2005 and the situation has remained largely stable in that front so far. A particularly contentious point – especially in Catalonia – has been the one of fiscal tensions, with Catalan nationalists intensifying their demand for further financing during the 2010s. In this regard, the new rules for fiscal decentralisation in force since 2011 already make Spain one of the most decentralised countries in the world also in budgetary and fiscal matters, with the base for income tax split at 50/50 between the Spanish government and the regions (something unheard of in much bigger federal states such as Germany or the United States, which retain the income tax as an exclusively or primarily federal one).
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Enterprise Cultural Heritage (ECH) is the combination of history and products that belong to an enterprise and are recognised by the organization as a potential resource of uniqueness, innovation, and differentiation of products and services. Enterprise Cultural Heritage shares a number of similarities with the Creative Industries, as most of the sectors addressed are the same, issues such as product differentiation and intellectual property rights management are also shared, however it has developed in new directions taking inspiration from the concept of the "extended product". Innovative practices in Lifelong Learning have been developed to support entrepreneurs, managers, and professionals in Small and Medium Enterprises to gain competitive advantage through the exploitation of their Enterprise Cultural Heritage when designing and developing products and services. Research studies, looking at the needs of Small and Medium Enterprises demonstrate the existence of the characteristics of Enterprise Cultural Heritage in businesses (mainly related to the craft sector), describe how Enterprise Cultural Heritage is perceived in business organization in terms of practices, information, knowledge, and address the skills and competences needed to manage Enterprise Cultural Heritage.
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Using the Tuning results of the History Subject Area Group as a starting point, we have examined in depth a number of key competences to be developed in studies in the area of the History of the European Union and European Integration. These may be exemplified by the following: A critical awareness of the relationship between current events in the EU and processes in the past and awareness of differences in historiographical outlooks in various periods and contexts Learners should be aware that EU history does not start with European integration in the form of the European communities after 1945 and that processes and structures going further back than 1945 strongly influence the present situation in the EU and the perception of the EU by its inhabitants. Learners should be aware that current events are often seen through an inherited perspective that is historically based in national and regional frameworks. Knowledge of the history of Europe is necessary to be able to interpret the different perceptions of current events in various European nations and regions.
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As soon as the Lower House was closed down, returned to Minas and took part in the works of the Government Council of the Province and later in the Provincial Assembly. In order to be able to go to court in March 1826, he sold a farmhouse. He was a deputy in the first Legislative Chamber of the Empire. The first legislature of the Chamber of Deputies, which was installed in a solemn session on May 6, 1826, in the presence of the emperor, who recommends the adoption of complementary laws, decides on the diffusion of the smallpox vaccine, the regulation of relations between the Church and State; the process of expropriation to the fixation of the Armed Forces; the endowment of the imperial family, the reform of the Judiciary; public education, the creation of legal courses in São Paulo and Olinda; separation of powers and definition of competences; the responsibility of ministers of state for political crimes; the municipal administration and the Criminal Code of 1830, originating in the projects of Vasconcelos and José Clemente Pereira.
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It has been recognised since the mid-1990s by the manager of the DNS root zone, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, as the delegated manager of .SK (changing its name from EUNET Slovakia to EuroWeb Slovakia in 1999 and to SK-NIC in 2006). In 2006, SK-NIC also entered into an agreement with the Slovak Government unique among country codes in Europe, voluntarily transferring some of the competences of domain administration to the State, and submitting to levels of service requirements and a policy-making committee comprising representatives of the internet community as well as the Government. SK-NIC is the most successful country-code Top Level Domain registry in Europe in open engagement of its community as resellers, with over 5900 accredited registrars at its maximum in Slovakia (note: there are only three other ccTLDs registries in the European region with over 1000 registrars, and as an example there are only over 40 registrars in neighbouring Czech Republic or 300+ in Germany, largest registry domain-wide).
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Established under Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, the creation of the Council of Finance (Hacienda) in 1523 was a remarkable rationalization of the Castilian treasury, which until then had two accounts that were continually facing each other (the Major Account, responsible for the collection of taxes and their administration, and Accounts), which was responsible for intervening and verifying the accounts of the previous one). This council consisted of three counselors, normally university graduates with experience in the bureaucracy of the Court and four assistants (Treasurer, finance clerk, accountant and secretary), to decide on matters of the Royal Treasury, were adopted by the full Council or by its three most important courts: the Court of Millions, the Court of Oidores and the Accounts Accountant. Their competences included collecting taxes, administrating them and ensuring that their collection was fulfilled; Executing expenses, proposing new funding sources, proposing budgets and requesting reports from accountants (something like the current accountants) of the other Councils. This Council was characterized by the continuous friction with the other Councils, aggravated by the fact that the members of the Finance Council were rarely of important families, unlike the rest of the Councils.
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Young officers in training are the future military elites, who will have to work ever more closely together for the realisation and consolidation of the Common Security and Defence Policy, regardless of their nationality or their armed forces. It is essential, with view to improve interoperability and to pave the way for a European security and defence culture, that European military students and cadets share parts of their education and training as early as the basic level and become familiar with their future role and responsibilities in international security. Pre- Meeting to the Conference of the Superintendents of the Naval Academies The European initiative for the exchange of young officers, inspired by Erasmus, is meant to lower the barriers which may oppose to free mobility of knowledge, skills and competences of future military officers, their teachers and instructors between the European academies, schools, colleges, universities and training centres. To this end, the initiative supplements the action of the fora that have been created by European military institutes of a same service, such as the Conference of Superintendents of Naval Academies (Navy), the European Air Force Academies (EUAFA – Air Force) and the European Military Academies Commandants’ Seminar (EMACS – Land Forces).
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At the very beginning, like many of the current ministries, the Ministry of Science responsibilities were integrated in the Ministry of Development when it was created in 1832. The first attempt of separating the responsibilities on education and science from the Development Ministry happened in 1886. This year, in order to give more autonomy to the education matters it was passed the Royal Decree of May 7, 1886, which divided the mentioned ministry into two ministries: Ministry of Public Instruction and Sciences, Letters and Fine Arts —with competencies on public and private education, education staff, inspection and promotion of knowledge, promotion of sciences, promotion of writing and fine arts, archives, libraries and museums, the economic and infrastructure issues on these matters, astronomy, statistics, meteorology and metrology, astronomical observatories, population movements and censuses— and the Ministry of Public Works, Agriculture, Industry and Trade —with competences over public investments in infrastructure and transport, agriculture, fishing, food, industry and commerce—. However, this royal decree that divided the Development Ministry into two ministries did not come to pass, as the necessary credits were not approved by the Cortes.
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According to the campaign, all three major British political parties withdrew promises of a referendum on the last major European treaty, which proposed the creation of a European Constitution, after it was re-drafted as the Treaty of Lisbon, and subsequently ratified by the UK on 19 June 2008 by the Labour Government of Gordon Brown. The subsequent 2010 general election unusually produced a hung parliament, leading to a Conservative – Liberal Democrat coalition government bound by an agreement that there would be "no further transfer of sovereignty or powers over the course of the next Parliament", and to cover for future terms, proposed the introduction of the European Union Bill 2010, which sought to "amend the 1972 European Communities Act so that any proposed future treaty that transferred areas of power, or competences, would be subject to a referendum on that treaty". The coalition did not however commit to holding a referendum on the status of the existing membership. A YouGov poll conducted in September 2010 of 1,948 adults in the UK found that if there was a referendum on Britain's membership of the EU, 47% would vote to leave, compared to 33% who would want to remain.
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A diver training standard is a document issued by a certification, registration regulation or quality assurance agency, that describes the prerequisites for participation, the aim of the training programme, the specific minimum competences that a candidate must display to be assessed as competent, and the minimum required experience that must be recorded before the candidate can be registered or certified at a specific grade by the agency. A standard is a description of the quality required of a product, or a way of doing something that has usually been derived from the experience of experts in a specific field. The purpose is to provide a reliable method for people to share a reasonably consistent expectation regarding the scope and quality of the product or service. Training standards allow objective comparison between the training provided by various agencies and the competence indicated by certification or registration to the specific standard, though in most cases, training and competence may exceed the minimum requirement much of the time, and variation between newly certified divers can be considerable, partly due to differences in the training, and partly due to qualities of the candidate.
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In that capacity, she worked closely with Adelaide Aglietta, Alexander Langer and Paul Lannoye and was heavily involved in the implementation of the European Parliament's new legislative competences, subsequent to the institutional reforms culminating in the Treaties of Maastricht, Amsterdam and Nice. In 1999, she was elected as a member of the European Parliament for her first mandate with Ecolo, becoming the first non-Belgian politician to be elected in a Belgian political party and the first Italian national to be elected abroad. During her first legislation, she was active in constitutional affairs and human rights issues, closely following the negotiations for enlarging the EU to include Cyprus and for reform of the EU. She also became involved in several specific environmental issues with a clear European dimension in terms of EU law, such as protection of the Ebro River in Spain, high-speed infrastructures like the Lyon-Turin tunnel, waste in Naples, etc. From 2002 to 2009, she was co-chair alongside Daniel Cohn-Bendit of the Green/EFA group which by then had grown into the fourth largest group in the European Parliament in terms of number of MEPs.
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There varied music genres depending of regions such as: Joropo or Llanera music (from Los Llanos region of livestock culture, its lyrics are messages that express the values of the llaneran people, of European and Indigenous origin music genre, its subgenres are: Pasaje, Joropo central or Joropo tuyero, Joropo oriental, Joropo guayanés, Golpe tocuyano, Quirpa, Joropo llanero), Tambor (Afro- descendent music of mostly of Venezuelan coasts), Gaita Zuliana (the national Christmas music genre, from Zulia state, The topics covered in this genre performers range from love songs and religious figures to humorous and reporting issues. The political element is also starring in many subjects), Changa tuki (from Caracas; is an urban way of life, a form of electronic music that comprises dance, own urban clothing and music; the most representative is its dance, it is difficult and showy, recommended to watch, dance competences are made in different "matinees", its dancers are known as "tuki"; use hair's wicks yellow painted, red tight pants), Calypso made by Caribbean origin people in Southern Venezuela. Also have urban music such as salsa, reggaeton, Venezuelan rock, Venezuelan hip hop, Venezuelan ska, Venezuelan electronic, Venezuelan pop, Venezuelan classical, etc.
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Nowadays, Schwurgericht appears as embodiment for three special task areas of the Große Strafkammer (Grand Penal Chamber) at a Landgericht (medium court level of a German Federal Land's jurisdiction), and again consists of three professional and two lay judges. Its three competences are a) mainly heavy crimes resulting in death of a person (except negligence), or similar heavy crimes like inducing nuclear explosion, and crimes that may result in a punishment over four years, acting as first instance for those crimes, b) for preventive detention decisions or official consignment to a mental hospital, and c) if complexity or difficulty of the case requires a third professional judge. While a Große Strafkammer can usually decide before or at start of a trial to limit itself to two professional judges and two lay jurymen, it cannot do so if it has to function in the above-mentioned three cases. In 1979, the United States tried the East German LOT Flight 165 hijacking suspects in the United States Court for Berlin in West Berlin, which declared the defendants had the right to a jury trial under the United States Constitution, and hence were tried by a West German jury.
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The way in which teacher educators teach has a greater impact on student teachers’ thinking about practice than what teacher educators teach.Russell, 1997 cited in Loughran J. and Berry A.: ‘Modelling by teacher educators’, Teaching and Teacher Education 21 (2005) 193–203 So, teacher educators need to be able to model the competences and attributes they wish their students to adopt.Loughran and Berry 2005; Lunenberg M., Korthagen F. and Swennen A. (2007): ‘The teacher educator as a role model’, Teaching and Teacher Education 23 586–601; Davey, R. and Ham, V. (2011), ‘ ‘It’s all about paying attention!’ … but to what?’ in Bates et al.: ‘The Professional Development of teacher educators’, Routledge, London, 2011; pp 232-247 Swennen et al. (2008).Swennen, A., Lunenberg, M. and Korthagen, F. (2008): ‘Preach what you teach! Teacher educators and congruent teaching’, Teachers and Teaching: theory and practice, 14(5), 531–542 concluded that, in order to ‘model’ what they teach, teacher educators need to develop the ability to link their own (tacit) theories and practice of teaching to public theory, i.e., in Korthagen’s Korthagen FAJ, (2001), ‘Linking practice and theory: The pedagogy of realistic teacher education’.
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However, the direct antecedent is at the beginning of the 19th century, first created by Bonaparte in 1808 in imitation of the French model and a few years later, in 1812, the Cortes of Cádiz created it the Secretariat of the Dispatch of the Governance of the Kingdom and Islands adjacent and the Secretary of the Dispatch of the Governance of the Kingdom for Overseas. The vast majority of authors do not consider the department created by the Napoleonic Government as the original one, because of its invasor nature. With the return of Ferdinand VII, both secretaries were suppressed in 1814, restored during the Liberal Triennium and created as Ministry of the Interior in 1823, which lasted only a short time after being suppressed by King Ferdinand. In 1832 the Ministry of Development was created, which assumed security competences, fleeing from the denominations of «Interior» and «Governance» since they were reminiscent of the time of the war against Napoleon. In 1835 it was again called «Ministry of the Interior». In 1847, all matters related to the services of public, economic and cultural works were disbanded from the Ministry of the Interior.
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An overarching definition of intelligence can be as follows: The more mentally efficient (that is, the faster and the more focused one works towards a goal), capable (that is, the more information one can hold in mind at a given moment), foresighted (that is, the more clearly one can specify one's goals and plan how to achieve them), and flexible (that is, the more one can introduce variations in the concepts and mental operations one already possesses) a person is, the more intelligent we call that person (both in comparison to other individuals and in regard to a general developmental hierarchy). Differences between persons in IQ, or in the rate of development, result additively from differences in all of the processes modeled in the neo- Piagetian theories. Thus, the neo-Piagetian theories differ from Arthur Jensen's theory of general intelligence in that they recognize the importance of specialized domains in the human mind, which are underestimated in Jensen's theory. On the other hand, by recognizing the role of general processes and showing how specialized competences are constrained by them, the neo-Piagetian theories differ from Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences,Gardner, H. (1983).
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At its 44th plenary meeting, on 10 October 2001, the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC),Decision 2001/318 adopted by the Economic and Social Council at its resumed substantive session of 2001 (10 October 2001) having considered the application of the International Association of Economic and Social Councils and Similar Institutions, decided, in accordance with rule 79 of the rules of procedure of the Council, that the organization might participate on a continuing basis, without the right to vote, in the deliberations of the Council on questions within the scope of its activities. Thus, the AICESIS has granted permanent observer status with general competences, under intergovernmental organization (IGO).This enables it to intervene, alongside representatives of governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), to express the views of ESCs/SIs at the ECOSOC annual high-level segment. In November 2006, the Officers of the Governing Body of the ILODecision GB.297/20/4 adopted by the Governing Body during the 297th session (2–17 November 2006) have considered the question of the representation of the International Association of Economic and Social Councils and Similar Institutions at ILO meetings, and vice versa.
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On the other hand, it shared an equal part with other music traditions in a rich and inspiring exchange among musicians of the Ottoman Empire. So the question is not only, how they transcribed the traditional repertory into a more or less modified notation, but also, how they used this medium of written transmission for their own compositions within Orthodox chant. During the 17th century Panagiotes the New Chrysaphes and Germanos of New Patras represent more traditional protopsaltes of the Patriarchate, who cared about the proper understanding of the Byzantine tradition, while others like Petros Bereketis had never been directly associated with the Patriarchate, but their psaltic art became very appreciated, because it combined a very refined knowledge of the traditions with experiments of transition that were inspired by their intimate knowledge of makamlar which he had got thanks to a permanent exchange with other musicians. Already Gregorios Bounes Alyates (Γρηγόριος Μπούνης ὁ Ἀλυάτης), Protopsaltes of the Hagia Sophia before and after the conquest of Constantinople, was recognised by the Sultan for the power that he gained over other musicians, because of his competences to write down and to memorize chant from other traditions and to adapt them according to the own Octoechos style.
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The UK's first polytechnic, the Royal Polytechnic Institution (now the University of Westminster), was founded in 1838 in Regent Street, London. In Ireland the term "institute of technology" is the more favored synonym of a "regional technical college" though the latter is the legally correct term; however, Dublin Institute of Technology is a university in all but name as it can confer degrees in accordance with law, Cork Institute of Technology and other Institutes of Technology have delegated authority from HETAC to make awards to and including master's degree level — Level 9 of the Republic of Ireland's National Framework for Qualifications (NFQ) — for all areas of study and Doctorate level in a number of others. In a number of countries, although being today generally considered similar institutions of higher learning across many countries, polytechnics and institutes of technology used to have a quite different statute among each other, its teaching competences and organizational history. In many cases "polytechnic" were elite technological universities concentrating on applied science and engineering and may also be a former designation for a vocational institution, before it has been granted the exclusive right to award academic degrees and can be truly called an "institute of technology".
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Borrell defeated Almunia, but the latter remained as the party's Secretary General in order to prevent an extraordinary congress, a situation prompting a 'bicephaly' which would see both Borrell and Almunia clashing for months on party direction and strategy issues, as the extent of each one's competences on the party's political leadership remained unclear. Borrell renounced as candidate in May 1999 after it was unveiled that two of his former employees were involved in a judicial investigation for tax fraud, leaving a vacancy that resulted in Almunia being proclaimed as candidate without opposition. United Left (IU) underwent a severe internal crisis throughout 1997 over Julio Anguita's confrontational attitude with the PSOE—to the point of siding with the PP in a number of votes in the Congress of Deputies—as well as with a perceived lack of democracy within IU. Anguita sought to prevent an electoral alliance between United Left–Galician Left (EU–EG) and the Socialists' Party of Galicia (PSdeG–PSOE) ahead of the 1997 Galician regional election, a move which received criticism from Initiative for Catalonia (IC), IU's sister party in Catalonia, with which disagreements over the coalition's political direction had been on the rise since the 1996 general election.
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Numerous other reform procedures have been realised since 1995 under the auspices of TUM's president, Wolfgang A. Herrmann, such as the introduction of efficient guidance and decision profiles, the resolute expansion of the university's autonomy in keeping with the new philosophy of an 'entrepreneurial university', university-wide core competences in the field of informatics, the establishment of central institutes and research platforms with an interdisciplinary focus, the introduction of numerous, attractive Bachelor/Master's degree courses, strategic internationalisation, enhanced collaboration with industrial and social partners, stepping up professional fundraising, the inauguration of the Carl-von-Linde Academy to house the Humanities, Cultural and Social Studies. In 2002, the TUM initiated the setting-up of the very first subsidiary of a German university abroad with its 'German Institute of Science and Technology' (GIST) in Singapore. The commissioning of the new 'Heinz Maier-Leibniz Research Reactor Munich' (FRM-II) in 2004 heralded in a new era of neutron research with applications in the fields of science, technology and medicine. By the summer semester 2010, the TUM comprised thirteen faculties with more than 26,000 students (about 20 per cent of whom came from abroad), about 460 professors of both sexes and roughly 8,500 members of staff.
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