To what extent can a regional government codetermine national policy making?
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They also codetermine the selection of what will become real from possible tastes.
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Children most frequently perceive that they can also codetermine when to do their homework.
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The point is that gene-environment interactions codetermine the most common chronic and lethal diseases.
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Human rights are, most importantly, the rights to codetermine the laws that are to bind you.
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The form and location of buildings, their surface texture and the inclination of the roof codetermine the effect of hail impact.
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The task-dependent fusimotor inputs codetermine spindle activity and, in turn, the complex central connectivity codetermines the functional use of spindle afferent signals.
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Empowering participation implies that participants are in charge of the inquiry by actively helping to create and codetermine in every phase of the research process.
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Variation in genes mediating the pathobiological effect of air pollution in the lung may codetermine the degree to which a person benefits from better air quality.
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This will ensure that the WO are able to codetermine the rules of the game for companies and be able to make direct decisions on the social effects of the money invested.
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You, the historian, and I, the film scholar, similarly codetermine the mediating appearances, the noemata, differently in the act of recognizing that late-1940s Italian society is portrayed by the de Sica film.
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Inspectors have the power to investigate and require changes to workplace systems. HSWA 1974 section 2 also foresees that employees will set up their own workplace committees, elected by the employees and with the power to codetermine health and safety matters with management. Health and safety regulations remain in line with the European-wide harmonised requirements of the Health and Safety Directive.Health and Safety Directive 89/391/EEC Nye Bevan, Minister of Health when the NHS was founded.
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The NLRB's remedial regime is also too weak to protect employees against employer retaliation. And, with respect to the statute's goal of facilitating collective bargaining, the regime's "good faith" bargaining obligation is rendered meaningless by the Board's inability to impose contract terms as a remedy for a party's failure to negotiate in good faith.' This has led to more innovative experiments among states, progressive corporations and unions to create direct participation rights, including the right to vote for or codetermine directors of corporate boards, and elect work councils with binding rights on workplace issues.
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Shareholders provide an essential source of capital investment to corporations, and because of the bargaining position this confers, shareholders typically gain a comprehensive set of governance rights under a constitution. While not technically required, shareholders invariably possess exclusive voting rights, in contrast to many other European jurisdictions which require that employees codetermine (i.e. have the right to elect some of) the members of the board.e.g. in Germany, the Mitbestimmungsgesetz 1976 (Codetermination Act 1976) In this way, and also because of the additional mandatory rights shareholders enjoy under the Companies Act 2006, the UK is a "shareholder friendly" jurisdiction relative to its European and American counterparts.
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In most jurisdictions, directors owe strict duties of good faith, as well as duties of care and skill, to safeguard the interests of the company and the members. In many developed countries outside the English speaking world, company boards are appointed as representatives of both shareholders and employees to "codetermine" company strategy. Corporate law is often divided into corporate governance (which concerns the various power relations within a corporation) and corporate finance (which concerns the rules on how capital is used). Directors also owe strict duties not to permit any conflict of interest or conflict with their duty to act in the best interests of the company.
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The HSE can delegate enforcement to local authorities, whose inspectors have the power to investigate and require changes to workplace systems. In addition, HSWA 1974 section 2 foresees that employees will set up their own workplace committees, elected by the employees and with the power to codetermine health and safety matters with management. Spelling out the general duties found in HSWA 1974, are a set of health and safety regulations, which must also stay in line with the European-wide harmonised requirements of the Health and Safety Directive.Health and Safety Directive 89/391/EEC 19th century regulation limited child labour and working time in factories and mines, but employers were not always liable for accidents until 1937.
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Every jobholder will from 2012 be automatically enrolled in an occupational pension, and can codetermine how their retirement savings are invested and their voice in company shares is used.See Pensions Act 2008 and Pensions Act 2004 ss 241-243 Because pension schemes save up significant amounts of money, which many people rely on in retirement, protection against an employer's insolvency, or dishonesty, or risks from the stock market were seen as necessary after the 1992 Robert Maxwell scandal.Goode Report, Pension Law Reform (1993) Cm 2342 Defined contribution funds must be administered separately, not subject to an employer's undue influence. The Insolvency Act 1986 also requires that outstanding pension contributions are a preferential over creditors, except those with fixed security.Insolvency Act 1986 ss. 175, 386 and Sch.
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Howard Smith Ltd v Ampol Petroleum Ltd [1974] AC 821, per Lord Wilberforce The result is that even though directors may wish to protect employees and stakeholders from ominous bidders, the law responds in other ways. UK workers have a minimal measure of job security, with very limited rights to be consulted, and no formal rights outside collective bargaining to participate in elections for the board or codetermine dismissal issues in works councils. Employees do have rights before dismissal or redundancies to reasonable notice, dismissal only for a fair reason, and a redundancy payment, under the Employment Rights Act 1996.ERA 1996 ss 86, 94 and 135 Moreover, any changes to workers terms and conditions, or redundancies, following a restructuring through an asset (as opposed to share) sale triggers protection of the Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations 2006TUPER 2006 SI 2006/246 meaning good economic, technical or organisational reasons must be given.
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PA 1995 s 33 Every jobholder will from 2012 be automatically enrolled in an occupational pension, and can codetermine how their retirement savings are invested and their voice in company shares is used.See Pensions Act 2008 and Pensions Act 2004 ss 241–243 Because pension schemes save up significant amounts of money, which many people rely on in retirement, protection against an employer's insolvency, or dishonesty, or risks from the stock market were seen as necessary after the 1992 Robert Maxwell scandal.Goode Report, Pension Law Reform (1993) Cm 2342 Defined contribution funds must be administered separately, not subject to an employer's undue influence. The Insolvency Act 1986 also requires that outstanding pension contributions are a preferential over creditors, except those with fixed security.IA 1986 ss 175, 386 and Sch 6 However, defined benefit schemes are also meant to insure everyone has a stable income regardless of whether they live a shorter or longer period after retirement.On the scope of regulation, see Houldsworth v Bridge Trustees Ltd [2011] UKSC 42 The Pensions Act 2004 sections 222 to 229 require that pension schemes have a minimum "statutory funding objective", with a statement of "funding principles", whose compliance is periodically evaluated by actuaries, and shortfalls are made up.
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