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790 Sentences With "closest relative"

How to use closest relative in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "closest relative" and check conjugation/comparative form for "closest relative". Mastering all the usages of "closest relative" from sentence examples published by news publications.

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Instead, the play's closest relative is Samuel Beckett's "Waiting for Godot".
Jane Goodall, pioneering chimpanzee expert, has studied man's closest relative for six decades.
The closest relative that the database found was a second cousin, Johnson said.
A probate-court judge, taking Mooney to be Henry's closest relative, approved the conservatorship.
With this new technique, the researchers used hairs from horses, the rhino's closest relative.
While the leggy sweeties are often confused with zebras, the okapi's closest relative is the giraffe.
Despite the manatee's aquatic habitat, its closest relative is actually a land-bound giant — the elephant.
So you can't really paint them as the peace-loving alternative to our other closest relative, the chimp.
"Fungi are, in the 'tree of life,' the closest relative to animals," Loron told Motherboard in an email.
For about 15% of these people, the closest relative found was a second cousin or closer, the study showed.
That kind of behavior is emulated in a recent video posted on Instagram featuring a chimpanzee, humankind's closest relative.
Coming on the heels of unicorn mania, the Midnight Mocha Frappuccino's closest relative is a holiday drink: the Peppermint Mocha.
The closest relative to one seed, found near the coast of southern France, is now grown solely in the Alps.
Zoe, a self-professed proud communist, said she lives by her mother's philosophy: Your closest relative is your neighbor next door.
Wolves, meanwhile — the dog's closest relative and an animal that has never been domesticated — notably don't look to humans for help.
Though the rhinos at the center are a different species, Durrant says they are the closest relative to the northern white.
Her entry into the medical field was inspired not by her own medical scare but by that of her closest relative.
Its closest relative is hagelslag, a chocolate sprinkle sandwich topping from the Netherlands—and yet even the Dutch stop at rainbow food colouring.
" Continues Reigns, "Pretty much a decade of just something that only my closest relative and friends knew, to now telling the whole world.
The potential sponsor is generally the closest relative in the US. HHS is supposed to place children with sponsors as quickly as practicable.
It is "the closest relative to the ancestral Native American population in northeastern Siberia that has been found to date," the study authors wrote.
"We're just working to try and figure out who the next-closest relative would be, and that takes a lot of time," she said.
According to researchers, the giant penguin's closest relative is another Paleocene species, Crossvallia unienwillia, and this second discovery provides further evidence that early penguins were massive.
The Dawn earns only 14 miles per gallon, similar to its closest relative, the hardtop Wraith coupe, which it shares the 122.5-inch wheelbase, suspension, and drivetrain.
"2019-nCoV is a bat virus, and SARS-CoV, which caused an epidemic in 2002 and 2003, is the closest relative seen previously in people," Jones said.
So the Tully's closest relative is probably the modern lamprey, a jawless fish that hangs onto the sides of other bigger fish and rasps away at their skin.
Killen's take on Houston barbecue, the closest relative of which is probably Central Texas-style barbecue, puts a fine-dining chef's values into the context of a backyard pit.
Last April, as I arrived for Passover seder at the home of a cousin I had never met, but who was nonetheless my geographically closest relative, I passed a camel walking down the street.
The virus was so obscure that, trying to be helpful in an interview, he explained: "Its closest relative is Spondweni" — a virus named for a place in South Africa that is no longer even on maps.
Their closest relative, the Hawaiian monk seal (Neomonachus schauinslandi), has occasionally been known to doze off in small caves beneath the waves, but as marine biologist Alexandros Karamanlidis told New Scientist, this behavior was previously unheard of in the Mediterranean species.
Compared to its closest relative, a carbon tax in the Canadian province of British Columbia that was capped at $30 in 23, it is expensive, and some of those costs would likely be passed from industry and utilities companies to consumers.
Compared to its closest relative, a carbon tax in the Canadian province of British Columbia that was capped at $30 in 2732, it is expensive, and some of those costs would likely be passed from industry and utilities companies to consumers.
With its wood-paneled Victorian interiors that play host to hundreds of natural history curiosities — the skeleton of a Gorgosaurus libratus, a handwritten letter from Charles Darwin, a taxidermied passenger pigeon — the Redpath Museum is Canada's closest relative to a Wunderkammer.
Having used some of this to fertilise eggs in vitro from the closest relative - the southern white rhino - they hope to use the same techniques to create an embryo of a pure northern white rhino with eggs harvested from the two females.
On the scale of science fiction– and fantasy-inflected YA movie franchises, the Divergent series hangs somewhere in the middle, a few rungs above The Maze Runner and The Mortal Instruments and an extension ladder below its closest relative, The Hunger Games.
Barring emergencies, children aren't supposed to be in Border Patrol custody for more than 72 hours before being sent to HHS — which is responsible for finding and vetting a sponsor to house the child (usually their closest relative in the United States).
The closest relative to Flinthook is one of my favorites of the last few years, Rogue Legacy, in which players are forced to start from scratch after dying, but with the chance to buy upgrades and perks that might make the next run more successful.
The world of Trailer Park Boys is a world we've never really seen on TV, a backwater world of run-down fable or real-life cartoon (the show's closest relative is the turn-of-the-century Cartoon Network classic Ed, Edd n Eddy; the boys are basically grown-up versions of the Eds).
The trend in pregnant women infected with SARS, the closest relative of the new coronavirus, is no more reassuring: In one small study of 12 pregnant women in Hong Kong who developed SARS during the 2003 outbreak, three died, and four of the seven women who were in their first trimester had a spontaneous miscarriage.
The most illuminating comparison was between the giraffe and its closest relative, and only other living member of the Giraffidae family, the okapi: As you can see, the okapi has a kind of long neck, but not, like, a giraffe-long neck, despite the fact that these two species diverged only 11 to 12 million years ago and share about 19 percent identical genes.
Dear Heloise: I made an "emergency information" card with information I hope I never need: Husband: cellphone and car info (make, model, color, license number) Wife: cellphone and car info (make, model, color, license number) Pets: names and descriptions (plus location, if caged) Pet care: Prearrangement with friend or kennel to come pick up pets in an emergency — name, contact person and phone number Family doctor: name and phone number Closest relative: name and phone number Closest friend: name and phone number Neighbor: name, address and phone number Susan P., New Braunfels, Tex.
Its closest relative is the frosted hairy dwarf porcupine (Coendou pruinosus).
Its closest relative is the brown hairy dwarf porcupine (Coendou vestitus).
Fruits are indehiscent. Its closest relative is the Tasmanian endemic Anodopetalum.
Cricetulus migratorius was their next closest relative, and Tscherskia was basal.
Its closest relative appears to be the Caribbean deepwater clingfish Gymnoscyphus ascitus.
Its closest relative, Dirca palustris, lives in the eastern half of North America.
Ricordea yuma’s closest relative, and the only other member of the genus Ricordea, is Ricordea florida.
A closely related, perhaps undescribed species might exist in Colombia. Alexander G. Ruthven believed Atelopus ignescens to be the closest relative of the Guajira stubfoot toad (Atelopus carrikeri). Later studies have indicated that its closest relative is an undescribed species from central Ecuador (Bolívar and Chimborazo Provinces).
S. ligneus is the most frequently collected species in the genus Semiotus. Its closest relative is Semiotus serraticornis.
It has eyes 50% larger than its closest relative. This indicates special adaptation to its low light environment.
This shrub is a resident of scrub, woodland, and forests in western North America. The closest relative of Spiraeanthus.
A 2016 genetic analysis showed that the closest relative of the rough-scaled snake is the tiger snake (Notechis spp.).
Most linguists (see for instance Viacheslav Chirikba 2003) believe that Ubykh is the closest relative of the Abazgi dialect continuum.
The closest relative of Hypericum humboldtianum is Hypericum callacallanum in Peru, which has three-nerved sessile leaves and larger flowers.
In a 2013 cladistics study, evolutionary scientists Marcell Cardillo and Renae Pratt found that its closest relative is B. brevidentata.
A 2016 phylogenetic analysis found that Ixalerpeton was the closest relative of Dromomeron. The phylogenetic tree recovered is partially reproduced below.
Kevin Thiele placed it in a subseries Integrifoliae, where he found strong support for it and B. saxicola to be each other's closest relative. The two were a sister group (i.e. next closest relative) to the four then-recognised subspecies of B. integrifolia. The subseries all bear whorled leaves apart from B. canei and B. aquilonia.
Hengeveld died in 2001 at the age of 90, in Bergen. His closest relative is Nick Hengeveld, who operates a Discord server.
The closest relative of the eastern lowland olingo is the western lowland species, B. medius, from which it diverged about 1.3 million years ago.
Flounders did not wholeheartedly approve of the Major as Mary — his closest relative and family member — was to be 'taken from him' by this marriage.
As the closest relative, Germanicus becomes Emperor and returns to Rome. Whether the power of "massing" exists or not is left vague by the novel.
They also found that D. sterea is the closest relative of P. tetanetron and therefore both D. sterea and D. acupictus were reassigned to Hutchemys.
Additionally, it was concluded that D. ater's closest relative is the yellow-headed caracara (Milvago chimachima), existing on the phylogenetic tree as a sister group.
The species of the genus Brotogeris form a monophyletic group whose closest relative is the monk parakeet. The species are positioned in two separate clades.
Their analyses suggest a phylogeny that differs greatly from George's taxonomic arrangement. Banksia ilicifolia and B. oligantha form a clade, that is they are each other's closest relative, with Banksia cuneata resolving as the next closest relative, suggesting a monophyletic B. subg. Isostylis; but the clade appears fairly derived (that it, it evolved relatively recently), suggesting that B. subg. Isostylis may not merit subgeneric rank.
The genome of Latimeria chalumnae was sequenced in 2013 to provide insight into tetrapod evolution. The coelacanth was long believed to be the closest relative to the first tetrapods on land due to its body characteristics. However, genetic sequencing proved that the lungfish is in fact the closest relative to land tetrapods. The full sequence and annotation of the entry is available on the Ensembl genome browser.
Musgravea is a genus of rainforest tree from north-eastern Queensland. It was published in 1890 by Ferdinand von Mueller, and named in honour of Sir Anthony Musgrave, Governor of Queensland from 1883 to 1888. Together with its closest relative Austromuellera, it lies within the subtribe Musgraveinae of tribe Banksieae in the subfamily Grevilleoideae of family Proteaceae. After Austromuellera, its closest relative is Banksia.
The subfamilies Orchidoideae and Epidendroideae clearly formed a monophyletic group and Dressler believed that their closest relative was Vanilloideae. In 2006, a study based on the plastid genes rbcL and atpB found the closest relative of this pair to be Cypripedioideae, rather than Vanilloideae.Kenneth M. Cameron. 2006. "A comparison and combination of plastid atpB and rbcL gene sequences for inferring phylogenetic relationships within Orchidaceae".
The whistling warbler was originally given the genus, Leucopeza bishopi, but it was later changed to Catharopeza bishopi because of its stoutness in many areas of its body. There are competing beliefs on who the closest relative to the whistling warbler (Catharopeza) is between Phaeothlypis and Dendroica. A study done by Mark Robins and Theodore Parker in 1976 argued that Phaeothlypis was Catharopeza’s closest relative. This was argued by comparing various characteristics of Phaeothlypis, Dendroica, and Catharopeza. For example, Catharopeza has a dark plumage, while Dendroica has a green one, and Catharopeza’s foraging, morphology, and song were more similar to Phaeothlypis’ than Dendroica’s. Other studies believed Dendroica was Catharopeza’s closest relative.
Within that set of closely related species, the closest relative of C. pagurus is the Jonah crab, C. borealis, from the east coast of North America.
63 (U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Jan 1, 2004). Its closest relative appears to be Channa burmanica, which is endemic to northern Burma.
"A phylogenetic classification of tribe Poranthereae (Phyllanthaceae)." Kew Bulletin 63(1):41-59. Its closest relative is Pseudophyllanthus. Poranthera is native to Australia and New Zealand.
Human HPS90AB1 shares 60% overall homology to its closest relative HSP90AA1. Murine HSP90AB1 was cloned in 1987 based on homology of the corresponding Drosophila melanogaster gene.
Flora of Australia 45: 1-521. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra. Its closest relative is Campynemanthe, endemic to New Caledonia, sole other genus of the family.
Little is known about this species’ predators. Its closest relative, the southern red bishop, builds nests within reed beds near water, providing coverage from possible nearby predators.
Its holotype is located in Miyazaki, Japan. The species' closest relative is Platyrhina hyugaensis, the Hyuga fanray, due to the similarity of the two rays' thorn patterns.
It is different from its closest relative, the Luzon hairy-tailed rat (Batomys granti), in its cytochrome b sequence, moderate body size, colour patterns, and skull structure.
Laidleria is an extinct genus of unusual armored temnospondyl from Early Triassic of South Africa. Its closest relative was Uruyiella. Laidleria was 30–40 cm in length.
Among the languages of the Lezgic group, Tsakhur appears to be the closest relative of Rutul. The Tsakhur language. The ETHEO Project. Last updated 11 October 2005.
Marine and Freshwater Research 61: 980–991. This research reveals the Mary River cod's closest relative is the eastern freshwater cod (Maccullochella ikei) of the Clarence River system.
Kupsabiny and a dozen other languages form the Southern Nilotic branch of the Nilotic family. The closest relative of Kupsabiny is Sabaot, spoken across the border in Kenya.
The closest relative of the six species of Bolbolenellus is the genus Nephrolenellus. The other genera of the Biceratopsinae (Biceratops, Emigrantia, Eopeachella, Peachella, and Olenelloides) constitute the sistergroup.
99 and the fur is somewhat paler. Unlike Transandinomys talamancae, possibly the closest relative of the genus Nephelomys, N. devius apparently lacks preputial glands.Weksler et al., 2006, p.
Supplementum Plantarum Systematis Vegetabilium:357. (see External links below). The closest relative of Hoplophyllum is Eremothamnus, another native of southern Africa.Vicki A. Funk, Raymund Chan, Stirling C. Keeley. 2004.
DNA-DNA hybridization studies suggest that genus Tchagra is their closest relative, though biological traits also link them to Laniarius, shrike-flycatchers (i.e. Bias and Megabyas) and other genera.
Its closest relative is Amphorogyne, also endemic to New Caledonia.Der, J. P., and D. L. Nickrent. (2008. A Molecular Phylogeny of Santalaceae (Santalales).” Systematic Botany 33 (1): 107–16.
Joseph Dalton Hooker described Gaultheria depressa in 1847 from a collection by Ronald Campbell Gunn at Ben Lomond in Tasmania. The species name is Latin depressa "flat". Analysis of DNA shows the next closest relative to Gaultheria depressa is the New Zealand species Gaultheria antipoda, which suggests the Australian populations of G. depressa dispersed to Australia from New Zealand. The next closest relative to the two species is the New Zealand species Gaultheria oppositifolia.
Rowley and Russell, p. 203. Their closest relative, based on allozyme studies, appears to be the orange-crowned fairywren of the monotypic genus Clytomyias from the mountains of New Guinea.
However, based on molecular genetic data, its closest relative is T. hainanensis. Tylototriton vietnamensis is a small newt, with total length . The main threat to this species is habitat degradation.
The Borneo kauri grows to a maximum height of 50 metres. It has a long narrow cone and dark green leaves. The closest relative of this species is Agathis dammara.
The giant Canada goose is occasionally classified with the Moffitt's Canada goose, forming a singular subspecies. It is also, alongside the dusky Canada goose, the closest relative to the Hawaiian goose.
Pterosphenus belong to the Palaeophiid snakes, a clade which includes all snakes outside of blind and thread snakes. Its closest relative is Palaeophis, of which both belong to the subfamily Palaeopheinae.
Other linguists, however, consider Otomi to be a dialect continuum that is clearly demarcated from its closest relative, Mazahua. For the purposes of this article, the latter approach will be followed.
Their language belongs to the Pamean sub-branch of the Oto-Pamean branch of the Oto-Manguean language family, the closest relative of the Chichimeca Jonaz language is the Pame language.
The fruit is red, ovate, with thin flesh, ripening in July. Chloroplast DNA sequencing has shown that its closest relative is Prunus dictyoneura, at least as far as chloroplasts are concerned.
Tylomelania carbo is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pachychilidae. The sister group (the closest relative) of Tylomelania carbo is Tylomelania toradjarum.
It is covered in soft fur which is mostly dark brown in colour. Its closest relative is thought to be the Luzon montane forest mouse, based on genetic and morphological similarities.
Steadman et al., 1988, pp. 63-65, 118 Its closest relative is Aegialomys xanthaeolus, the only other species in the genus, which is found in coastal Ecuador and Peru.Weksler et al.
The Timor leaf warbler (Phylloscopus presbytes) is a species of Old World warbler in the family Phylloscopidae. It is found on Timor island. Its closest relative is the Rote leaf warbler.
Podonephelium is a genus of shrubs and trees in the family Sapindaceae. The genus is endemic to New Caledonia in the Pacific and contains nine species. Its closest relative is Alectryon.
The Puerto Rican tody is the closest relative to the motmots of Central America. It is thought that the Jamaican tody (Todus todus) gave rise to the Puerto Rican tody after hurricane dispersals, but the relationship between both species has not yet been confirmed. Studies show the Todus group probably developed before the Pleistocene. Mitochondrial gene studies point to the motmots as their closest relative, although egg white protein electrophoresis studies suggest a relationship to kingfishers.
Based on closeness of internal transcribed spacer DNA, the closest relative of G. morbida is G. fassatiae. The specific epithet morbida refers to the deadly pathogenic effect it has on its host.
Its closest relative is the monotypic genus Campynema from Tasmania,Vinnersten, A., and K. Bremer. (2001). Age and Biogegraphy of Major Clades in Lilliales.” American Journal of Botany 88 (9): 1695–1703.
Some publications support the placement of Vancleavea within Proterochampsia as a member of the family Doswelliidae. However, the discovery of Litorosuchus, the closest relative of Vancleavea, has cast doubt on this hypothesis.
Molecular sequence data indicates T. aegyptiaca closest relative is Chaerephon jobimena of Madagascar. These two species plus Tadarida brasiliensis of the Americas form a clade believed to be about 9.8 million years old.
The species is endemic to Australia’s subtropical Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea. Its closest relative may be Korthalsella disticha of Norfolk Island. Recorded host species include Elaeodendron curtipendulum and Jasminum simplicifolium.
Deliciosi species mainly have an orange or reddish- coloured latex and taste mild to slightly bitter. They are strict mycorrhizal associates of conifers. The next closest relative of L. deterrimus is L. fennoscandicus.
In some of these Talarurus was the sister species of Nodocephalosaurus. Comparison between the skull of Euoplocephalus and other North American ankylosaur taxa. Note the presence of Nodocephalosaurus, the closest relative of Talarurus.
The 1889 book 'The Useful Native Plants of Australia records that "This edible fungus is found on the branches of Fagus Cunnittghamii, or native Beech. Tasmania." The evolution of the genus parallels that of the host genus Nothofagus; hence C. septentrionalis, the closest relative, parasitises Antarctic beech (Nothofagus moorei), the closest relative of myrtle beech. Ancestors of the two species are thought to have diverged from the South American and New Zealand Cyttaria species between 28 and 44 million years ago.
P. falciparum is now generally accepted to have evolved from Laverania (a subgenus of Plasmodium found in apes) species present in gorilla in Western Africa. Genetic diversity indicates that the human protozoan emerged around 10,000 years ago. The closest relative of P. falciparum is P. praefalciparum, a parasite of gorillas, as supported by mitochondrial, apicoplastic and nuclear DNA sequences. These two species are closely related to the chimpanzee parasite P. reichenowi, which was previously thought to be the closest relative of P. falciparum.
Pseudophyllanthus is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Phyllanthaceae. It is one of the eight genera in the tribe Poranthereae. Its closest relative is Poranthera. Its sole species is Pseudophyllanthus ovalis.
Partial skull in left and medial view In 2010 and 2011 cladistic analyses of McDonald and colleagues, Hippodraco has been recovered as a basal member of the Styracosterna and its closest relative was Theiophytalia.
Its closest relative is Sphenostemon.Tank, D. C., and M. J. Donoghue. (2010). Phylogeny and Phylogenetic Nomenclature of the Campanulidae Based on an Expanded Sample of Genes and Taxa. Systematic Botany 35 (2): 425–41.
Afar is classified within the Cushitic branch of the Afroasiatic family. It is further categorized in the Lowland East Cushitic sub-group, along with Saho and Somali. Its closest relative is the Saho language.
This Geum looks very different from other species in its genus that grow in the area. Its closest relative is probably Geum peckii, which does not occur in the same region.Geum radiatum. The Nature Conservancy.
Origin and phylogeny has been obtained by Antonio Arnaiz-Villena et al.. Estrildinae may have originated in India and dispersed thereafter (towards Africa and Pacific Ocean habitats). Its closest relative is the red-headed finch.
Acantholiparis caecus grows to a maximum length of 5.7 cm, which is slightly less than what is known of its closest relative, the spiny snailfish. Females are larger than males, whose maximum size is 3.9 cm.
Further Observations upon Hyperodapedon gordoni. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 43, 675-694. Hyperodapedon's closest relative is Rhynchosaurus, and they both share a synapomorphy that the dentary is half the length of the lower jaw.
Some more recent studies place Gerobatrachus as the closest relative of Lissamphibia, the group that contains all modern amphibians including frogs, salamanders, and caecilians, or place modern amphibians far from Gerobatrachus within a group called Lepospondyli.
The Niuean language does not contain the glottal stop, which is present in its closest relative, Tongan. This has caused some distinct words to merge. For example, Tongan (year) and (fight) have merged in Niuean as .
The closest relative within the family is believed to be the rufous vanga, which is thought to have split from the helmet vanga 800,000 years ago. The specific name prevostii commemorates the French artist Florent Prévost.
Its closest relative is the monotypic Eurasian genus Asperugo. These two are probably close to Anoplocaryum, a genus of Central Asia and Siberia. The relationships of Anoplocaryum have never been investigated by cladistic analysis of DNA sequences.
Its closest relative within the group is the Christmas Island frigatebird (F. andrewsi). A Late Pleistocene fossil wing phalanx and proximal end of humerus indistinguishable from the living great frigatebird were recovered from Ulupau Head on Oahu.
Soemmerring's gazelle is named after German physicist Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring. Soemmerring's gazelle is more genetically related to Grant's gazelle (N. granti) and Thomson's gazelle (Eudorcas thomsonii) with Soemmering's gazelle being the closest relative of the two species.
The Bulgarian Hound (, Balgarski Barak), also known as the Barak, is a hunting dog from Bulgaria. This breed is prevalent in the north, northwestern and central regions of Bulgaria. Its closest relative is the Slovak Rough-haired Pointer.
The species was first described by the American ornithologist Robert Ridgway in 1885. Its specific epithet, cucullata, is the Latin word for "hooded". Its closest relative is the beautiful jay (C. pulchra) of Colombia and Ecuador;Goodwin, p.
Zygodontomys is a genus of rodent in the tribe Oryzomyini of the family Cricetidae. Its closest relative may be Scolomys. It ranges from Central America east to the Guianas. It contains two species: Zygodontomys brunneus and Zygodontomys brevicauda.
Texmelucan Zapotec (Central Sola de Vega Zapotec) is an Oto-Manguean language of western Oaxaca, Mexico. It is a divergent Zapotec language, having only 10% intelligibility with its closest relative, Zaniza Zapotec. Both go by the name Papabuco.
The closest relative of Dactylanthus is Hachettea from New Caledonia. Along with Mystropetalon from South Africa, they comprise the Southern Hemisphere group Mystropetalaceae. All three are holoparasites, lacking chlorophyll, and are descended from hemiparasitic root parasites which could photosynthesise.
The genus Acradenia was first formally described in 1853 by Richard Kippist in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London and the first species described was A. frankliniae. The closest relative to Acradenia is Crossosperma from New Caledonia.
Craugastor taylori resembles Craugastor megalotympanum, which may be its closest relative. The holotype of Craugastor taylori, a male, measures in snout–vent length. Dorsum is smooth and pale cream in colour. Skin has some faint markings; limbs are banded.
The closest relative of A. everta is thought to be Alsophila rigens. Further study is needed to determine whether these two taxa represent the same species or not. If this is the case, the name A. rigens takes priority.
Its closest relative is the monotypic genus Atherosperma from Australia.Renner, S. S., D. B. Foreman, and D. Murray. (2000) Timing Transantarctic Disjunction in the Atherospermataceae (Laurales): Evidence from Coding and Non Coding Chloroplast Sequences. Systematic Biology 49: 579–91.
The Maendeleo horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus maendeleo) is a recently discovered species of bats in the family Rhinolophidae. It inhabits caves of the Coastal Lowland forests of Tanzania. Its closest relative is the Adam's horseshoe bat. It was described in 2000.
Vietnamophryne (common name: Indochinese dwarf frogs; Vietnamese: nhái lùn; Thai: ueng tham khrae, ) is a divergent genus of Asterophryinae frogs found in Indochina. Its closest relative is the genus Siamophryne. The genus Vietnamophryne was first described by Poyarkov, et al. (2018).
Siamophryne is a genus of frog found in Thailand. It is monotypic, consisting of only one species, the Tenasserim cave frog (Siamophryne troglodytes). Its closest relative is the genus Vietnamophryne. The genus Siamophryne was first described by Suwannapoom, et al. (2018).
Taxon 62: 746-770. Its closest relative is the Australian Niemeyera.Swenson, U., S. Nylinder, and J. Munzinger. (2013) Towards a Natural Classification of Sapotaceae Subfamily Chrysophylloideae in Oceania and Southeast Asia Based on Nuclear Sequence Data.” Taxon 62 (4): 746–70.
The type species, Moolgarda pura, may be a synonym of Crenimugil buchanani (the bluetail mullet). If so, Moolgarda is a junior synonym of Crenimugil. Whitley also considered the thinlip mullet the closest relative of Moolgarda pura.Gonzalez- Castro and Ghasemzadeh, 2015.
Siluurikaudella is the seventh album by Finnish experimental rock band Pharaoh Overlord. It was released on CD in 2010 by Ektro Records. Its closest relative amongst Pharaoh Overlord's family tree is Doktor Kettu's Soft Delirium, another album featuring bassist Jussi Lehtisalo.
US Forest Service and Pollinator Partnership. March, 2011. but its closest relative is Bombus sonorus, found in Mexico and Arizona. Scientists sometimes treat Bombus sonorus as a subspecies of Bombus pensylvanicus, although each species maintain differences in male genitalia.NatureServe. 2015.
Dicliptera maclearii is an erect herb with small pink flowers growing to 1 m in height. Its leaves are lanceolate to ovate, acuminate or spine-tipped, 20–70 mm long and 5–30 mm wide. It closest relative is D. ciliata.
A rhynchonelliform class, characterised by the presence of a colleplax; closest relative (?): Salanygolina.Holmer, L.E., Stolk, S.P., Skovsted, C.B., Balthasar, U., and Popov, L. (2009). The enigmatic early Cambrian ~Salanygolina~ - A stem group of rhynchonelliform chileate brachiopods? Palaeontology 52, 1–10.
Tertremoides is an extinct genus of trematosaurian temnospondyl within the family Trematosauridae from Madagascar. It was first named by Lehman, J-P. in 1966 as Trematosaurus madagascariensis but renamed to Tertremoides ambilobensis by Lehman in 1979. Its closest relative was Trematolestes.
It is sometimes referred to as the missing link between the family Epacridaceae (southern hemisphere heath family) and the Ericaceae (northern hemisphere heath family). The closest relative to Tasmania’s climbing heath is a species found in the rainforests of Chile.
Its monophyly has been confirmed using parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. The species also differs from other Peromyscus in having the karyotype (FN = 54-56). Its closest relative appears to be Peromyscus levipes.
Adansonia 34 (2): 179–221. Its closest relative is Dactylanthus from New Zealand.Su, Huei-Jiun, Jer-Ming Hu, Frank E. Anderson, Joshua P. Der, and Daniel L. Nickrent. (2015) Phylogenetic Relationships of Santalales with Insights into the Origins of Holoparasitic Balanophoraceae.
However, recent mitochondrial DNA analysis infers that pacific reed warblers (Acrocephalus spp.) can be divided into two main clades; Micronesian (except Guam), two Polynesian, southern Marquesas and Australian species in one clade, and remaining Polynesian taxa in the other clade. This analysis results in dividing the main Pacific group into a Micronesian group and a Polynesian group. The closest relative of the Australian reed warbler was previously recognised as the Pitcairn reed warbler (Acrocephalus vaughani), endemic to South Polynesia. Most recent phylogenetic analysis however finds the closest relative to the Australian reed warbler as the Caroline Islands reed warbler (Acrocephalus syrinx).
When a person dies without a will then the legal personal representative is known as the "administrator". This is commonly the closest relative, although that person can renounce their right to be administrator in which case the right moves to the next closest relative. This often happens when parents or grandparents are first in line to become the administrator but renounce their rights as they are old, don't have knowledge of estate law and feel that someone else is better suited to the task. The appointment of an administrator follows a codified list establishing priority appointees.
Modern bilbies have evolved to have long teeth used to dig holes in the desert to eat worms and insects. It is thought the bilby diverged from its closest relative, an originally-carnivorous bandicoot, 20 million years ago.Carnivorous bilby fossil unearthed, Australian Geographic.
Males sit in the rocks in places where "they can amplify and direct their call to the females". Their closest relative is thought to be the mole toadlet (Uperoleia talpa), which looks very similar but has a higher-pitched and more intense call.
Being her only child to reach adulthood, she was deeply attached to her son. After the death of her spouse in 1811, and the death of her son in 1812, her closest relative were her brother, who became a tenant at Årsta.
Its tail is longer than its closest relative, Jolly's mouse lemur (M. jollyae), which lives further south and whose tail is 18% shorter. It also has a higher body mass () and is generally larger than Goodman's mouse lemur (M. lehilahytsara), which weighs about .
Between 1412–1433 they ordered the burial chapel of the aristocratic Garai family beside the north side sanctuary at the request of Nicholas II Garai. The closest relative of the newly formed Hall church is the Abbey of Hronský Beňadik, current Slovakia.
The closest relative is suspected to be R. regalis, which is smaller but shares certain morphological characters such as an s-shaped fold posterior to the nostril, but their relationship is uncertain due to the lack of genetic material from R. serratopalepbrosa.
A later phylogenetic analysis placed Eremosuchus within the suborder Sebecosuchia. It is now thought to be one of many putatively assigned sebecosuchians that cannot be firmly placed within any one family. It is thought to be the closest relative of the genus Pehuenchesuchus.
Bassipterus was a well- known basal ("primitive") genus that was distinguished from the more derived adelophthalmids by the specialization of its genital operculum (a plate-like segment which contains the genital aperture) and its long and narrow eyes, being Pittsfordipterus's closest relative.
Smith, David A. S.; Lushai, Gugs & Allen, John A. (2005). A classification of Danaus butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based upon data from morphology and DNA. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 144(2):191–212. (HTML abstract) Its closest relative is the white tiger, Danaus melanippus.
Rhabdognathus, a hyposaurine dyrosaurid, is believed to have been the closest relative of the genus.Jouve, S., B. Bouya, and M. Amaghzaz (2008). A long-snouted dyrosaurid (Crocodyliformes, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Paleocene of Morocco: phylogenetic and palaoebiogeographic implications. Palaeontology 51(2):281-294.
The cottontail is one of several species of Sylvilagus; their closest relative is Brachylagus, the pygmy rabbit. They are more distantly related to the European and other rabbits, and more distantly still to the hares. The cladogram is based on mitochondrial gene analysis.
The rufous-bellied swallow (Cecropis badia) is a species of swallow that breeds on the Malay Peninsula. It has faintly streaked deep rufous underparts, and an unstreaked rump. It is usually raised to species status from its closest relative, the striated swallow.
Leptopelis flavomaculatus was described by Albert Günther in 1864, based on a specimen that he identified as an adult female Hyperolius, but which actually is a juvenile Leptopelis. Its closest relative is Leptopelis christyi. Leptopelis lebeaui might be conspecific with L. flavomaculatus.
The Waruna language is a Papuan language of the New Guinea, spoken in a bend of the Fly River. It has 50% lexical similarity with Ari, its closest relative. It is spoken in the single village of Waruna in Gogodala Rural LLG.
This means that Dinheirosaurus lived alongside many theropods, sauropods, thyreophorans and ornithopods, as well as at least one other diplodocid. Dinheirosaurus is a diplodocid, a relative of Apatosaurus, Diplodocus, Barosaurus, Supersaurus, and Tornieria. Among those, the closest relative to Dinheirosaurus is Supersaurus.
Historically speaking, the closest relative of Quebec French is the 17th-century koiné of Paris.Henri Wittmannn, "Le français de Paris dans le français des Amériques." Proceedings of the International Congress of Linguists 16.0416 (Paris, 20-25 juillet 1997). Oxford: Pergamon (CD edition).
However, they can capture each other. All pieces do move alike, and can move and capture in any direction. There is no promotion of pieces in Dablot Prejjesne. Its closest relative in the draught family may be Italian Checkers and Italian Damone.
Within Capromyidae, the closest relative of Mysateles is the genus Mesocapromys. Both genera are the sister group to Capromys, and then Geocapromys is a more distant genus. In turn, these four genera belong to the tribe Capromyini, and are the sister group to Plagiodontia.
Within Capromyidae, the closest relative of Mesocapromys is the genus Mysateles. Both genera are the sister group to Capromys, and then Geocapromys is a more distant genus. In turn, these four genera belong to the tribe Capromyini, and are the sister group to Plagiodontia.
Its closest relative was the similarly built species, Shokawa ikoi, from the Early Cretaceous of Japan. The choristoderes were a clade of aquatic reptiles that survived the end-Cretaceous extinction along with crocodilians, turtles, lizards and snakes. The choristoderes became extinct by the Miocene.
The Erzya language has a limited system of vowel harmony, involving only two vowel phonemes: (front) versus (back). Moksha, the closest relative of Erzya, has no phonemic vowel harmony, though has front and back allophones in a distribution similar to the vowel harmony in Erzya.
Sori occur near the midvein of fertile pinnules and are covered by thin, pale indusia. The closest relative of A. callosa appears to be Alsophila spinulosa. It differs in having a greater number of spines, which are also longer than those of A. callosa.
Leptophryne is a small genus of true toads, family Bufonidae, with only two species. The genus is found in Southeast Asia, in the Malay Peninsula (including Peninsular Thailand) and the Greater Sunda Islands. Its relationships within Bufonidae are uncertain; its closest relative might be Epidalea.
Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant FamiliesGovaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe- Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Its closest relative is Neoguillauminia from New Caledonia.
This species is sometimes placed in a genus of its own as Phlogothraupis sanguinolenta, and a genetic study suggests that it is less closely related to the other Ramphocelus tanagers than they are to each other. Its closest relative is the masked crimson tanager.
Marley's butterflyfish, Chaetodon marleyi, is a species of fish in the family Chaetodontidae. It is also called the doubledash or doublesash butterflyfish. It is found in Mozambique and South Africa, and is an ornamental fish. Its closest relative is the West African Chaetodon hoefleri.
Tarbosaurus-like articulations between the skull bones are also seen in Alioramus from Mongolia, suggesting that it, and not Tyrannosaurus, is the closest relative of Tarbosaurus. Similarities between Tarbosaurus and Tyrannosaurus might, therefore, be related to their large size, independently developed through convergent evolution.
The closest relative of Ayna is probably Clausilioides. A. mienisi is a chirally enantiomorphic species. This means that some specimens have sinistral (left-coiled), others dextral (right-coiled) shells. The sinistral and dextral specimens form "clear" populations but can by found sympatrically as well.
The western pygmy possum (Cercartetus concinnus), also known as the southwestern pygmy possum or the mundarda, is a small marsupial found in Australia. Genetic studies indicate its closest relative is probably the eastern pygmy possum, from which its ancestors diverged around eight million years ago.
This led to a designation of a new phylum, Perkinsozoa. This phylum encompasses Perkinsus, Parvilucifera and Psammosa (Norén et al. 1999). Following the discovery of P.infectans, the next Parviluciferao be discovered was P.sinerae (Figueroa et al. 2008), which is also the closest relative to P.infectans.
Breviceratops belonged to the Ceratopsia, a group of herbivorous dinosaurs with parrot-like beaks which thrived in North America and Asia during the Cretaceous Period. It has been assigned to the Bagaceratopsidae by Vladimir Alifanov, in which Magnirostris appears to be its closest relative.
Adansonia 34 (2): 179–221. Its closest relative is the Australian Acradenia.Bayly, M. J., G. D. Holmes, P. I. Forster, D. J. Cantrill, and P. Y. Ladiges. (2013) Major Clades of Australasian Rutoideae (Rutaceae) Based on rbcL and atpB Sequences.” PLoS ONE 8 (8): e72493.
Swenzia is an extinct genus of coelacanthid fish from the late Jurassic of France.Clement, G. 2005. A new coelacanth (Actinistia, Sarcopterygii) from the Jurassic of France, and the question of the closest relative fossil to Latimeria. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology vol. 25:p. 481–491.
Despite the difference in syntax, probably one of the closest relative of TNSDL is Go language. Both languages has light-weight processes in their focus. Go's channel are similar to TNSDL INPUTs and Go's select statement on channels allows very similar program design. There are differences, though.
Now it turns out that the closest relative of the two brothers, who have been orphans for years, is actually a teacher at Oakington, and that he stands to inherit a small fortune. At the same time Revell falls in love with that teacher's beautiful young wife.
The nelicourvi weaver (Ploceus nelicourvi) is a species of bird in the family Ploceidae. It is endemic to Madagascar. Together with its closest relative, the sakalava weaver, it is sometimes placed in a separate genus Nelicurvius. A slender, sparrow-like bird, it is long and weighing .
The next closest relative outside the genus is the much larger, but similarly marked, blue- faced honeyeater. More recently, DNA analysis has shown honeyeaters to be related to the Pardalotidae (pardalotes), Acanthizidae (Australian warblers, scrubwrens, thornbills, etc.), and the Maluridae (Australian fairywrens) in the large superfamily Meliphagoidea.
According to Nicholas Evans, the closest relative of Pama–Nyungan is the Garawan language family, followed by the small Tangkic family. He then proposes a more distant relationship with the Gunwinyguan languages in a macro-family he calls Macro- Pama–Nyungan.McConvell, Patrick and Nicholas Evans. (eds.) 1997.
This cactus was discovered in 1978 by Kim Despain and described to science in 1980. It has sometimes been treated as a subspecies or variety of Pediocactus bradyi but is not generally accepted as such. It occurs generally near to its closest relative, Pediocactus winkleri.Pediocactus despainii.
In contrast with its closest relative, Erythronium dens-canis,Allen G.A., Soltis D.E., Soltis P.S. 2003. Phylogeny and biogeography of Erythronium (Liliaceae) inferred from chloroplast matK and nuclear rDNA ITS sequences. Systematic Botany 28: 512-523 the anthers are yellow. The petals are usually white or yellowish.
Sumichrast's vesper rat (Nyctomys sumichrasti) is a rodent of the family Cricetidae found from southern Mexico to Panama. It is named for the collector of the first specimen, and its closest relative is probably Hatt's vesper rat, a similar, but slightly smaller, species from the Yucatán Peninsula.
Their closest relative is the kakapo (Strigops habroptilus).Juniper, T., Parr, M. (1998) Parrots: A guide to parrots of the world. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press () Together, they form the parrot superfamily Strigopoidea, an ancient group that split off from all other Psittacidae before their radiation.
Cladistic analysis of morphological features within the Embothriinae showed A. flammeum and A. brachycarpum to be sister species, with A. wickhamii as their next closest relative. A. flammeum has yellow pollen grains, like A. brachycarpum and A. wickhamii but unlike all other members of the Embothriinae.
David Laing was the closest relative and therefore heir to Lord Lyle of Lainshaw, a judge of the court session. Laing took the surname Montgomerie and married Veronica Boswell, sister of Alexander Boswell, Lord Auchinleck.Montgomery, Thomas H. (1863). A Genealogical History of the Family of Montgomerie.
Anhuilong (meaning "Anhui dragon") is a genus of mamenchisaurid dinosaur found in the Anhui province of China. It contains a single species, Anhuilong diboensis. Ren et al. (2018) recover Anhuilong as the sister taxon of Huangshanlong, with the closest relative to this clade being Omeisaurus tianfuensis.
Enchanter's nightshade is not related to the nightshade family that includes deadly nightshade and the genus Solanum (the Solanaceae). Molecular evidence indicates the closest relative to Circaea is the lineage that gave rise to the genus Fuchsia, which diverged from it around 41 million years ago.
A 2005 DNA study corroborated this split by suggesting that the brown-throated wren was not only a separate species but likely not the house wren's closest relative. For further information, see Troglodytes. As a separate species, it comprises five subspecies: brunneicollis, cahooni, compositus, nitidus, and vorhiesi.
The sooty falcon belongs to the hobby group, a rather close-knit number of similar falcons often considered a subgenus Hypotriorchis. Eleonora's falcon is sometimes considered its closest relative, but while they certainly belong to the same lineage, they do not seem to be close sister species.
The scales are dark and narrow. Sori occur near the pinnule midvein and are covered by large, thin, fragile indusia. The closest relative of A. aneitensis appears to be Alsophila vieillardii. It can be distinguished from that species by its very dark stipes and frond bases.
The closest relative of Chelone is Nothochelone from western North America. [3] [6] Nothochelone nemerosa is the species most closely related to the genus [3] [6]. Chelone is more closely related to it than to other members of the family such as snapdragons, plantains, and foxglove.
Although superficially similar to the European mink, studies indicate the American mink's closest relative is the Siberian weasel (kolonok) of Asia. The American mink has been recorded to hybridize with European minks and polecats in captivity, though the hybrid embryos of the American and European minks are usually reabsorbed.
Their closest relative is Gambel's quail which has a more southerly distribution and, a longer crest at , a brighter head and a scalier appearance. The two species separated about 1–2 million years ago, during the Late Pliocene or Early Pleistocene. It is the state bird of California.
The species was first formally described by Swiss botanist Carl Meissner in 1856 from a specimen collected in 1844 near the Swan River by James Drummond. The specific epithet recognises the English collector, botanist and malacologist Robert J. Shuttleworth. The closest relative of P. shuttleworthiana is Petrophile macrostachya.
The article describing the find classified Theiophytalia as intermediate in derivation between Camptosaurus and Iguanodon. The type species is Theiophytalia kerri. In 2010 and 2011 cladistic analyses of McDonald and colleagues, Theiophytalia has been recovered as a basal member of the Styracosterna and its closest relative was Hippodraco.
The female has buffy tail tips. These are most distinguishing characteristic to distinguish its identity from its closest relative the Whip-poor-will from where the bird gets its name. It shows a prominent buff-colored collar around its neck and nape. Its song is also very different.
The spined pygmy shark may also be referred to as the dwarf shark or the bigeye dwarf shark. Based on similarities in their claspers (male intromittent organs), the closest relative of the spined pygmy shark and the related S. aliae is thought to be the pygmy shark (Euprotomicrus bispinatus).
The New Zealand musk duck (Biziura delautouri), also known as de Lautour's duck, is an extinct stiff-tailed duck native to New Zealand. It is only known from subfossil bones. Its closest relative was the living Australian musk duck Biziura lobata, with which it has sometimes been combined.
These reports have not gone unchallenged and the status of this putative species is unclear at present. This unnamed species has been named Plasmodium vivax-like and its genome has been sequenced. It is the closest relative of P. vivax. The species that infects water buffalo is presently unnamed.
Like most other members of its genus, the phylogenetic position of the blacktip reef shark remains indeterminate. Based on morphology, Jack Garrick proposed in 1982 that the closest relative of the blacktip reef shark was the nervous shark (C. cautus).Garrick, J.A.F. (1982). Sharks of the genus Carcharhinus.
Begonia crateris is a plant species of the genus Begonia in the family Begoniaceae, first described by Arthur Wallis Exell in 1944. It is endemic to São Tomé Island, and grows up to 3 metres tall. It closest relative is Begonia baccata, also endemic to São Tomé.Reitsma, J.M. (1984).
Its closest relative, the western leatherwood, lives across the continent in the San Francisco Bay Area. The species epithet palustris is Latin for "of the marsh" and indicates its common habitat.Archibald William Smith D. palustris branches and leaves. Near North Fork Mountain, West Virginia, USA D. palustris habit.
Although not recognized as such at the time of its discovery, Compsognathus is the first theropod dinosaur known from a reasonably complete fossil skeleton. Until the 1990s, it was the smallest- known non-avialan dinosaur, with the preceding centuries incorrectly labelling them as the closest relative of Archaeopteryx.
He is misunderstood by his closest relative, his brother, and thus is completely isolated in his existence. His good-natured attitude makes him vulnerable to exploitation. His dialogue is sparse and often a direct response to something Mick or Davies has said. Aston has dreams of building a shed.
Bulgarian is the country's only official language. It's spoken by the vast majority of the Bulgarian population and used at all levels of society. It is a Slavic language, and its closest relative is Macedonian. Bulgarian is written with Cyrillic, which is also used by Russian, Ukrainian and Serbian.
Lyallia kerguelensis is a perennial herb. It forms round cushions, usually 200–400 mm across, but occasionally up to 1 m in diameter. Its closest relative is the similar cushion plant Hectorella caespitosa which is found in alpine areas of the South Island of New Zealand.Wagstaff & Hennion (2007).
The mole toadlet (Uperoleia talpa) is a species of frog in the family Myobatrachidae. It is endemic to Western Australia. Its natural habitats are dry savanna and subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland. Its closest relative is thought to be the Pilbara toadlet (Uperoleia saxatilis), described in 2011.
It occurs on the Torres Strait Islands. A sister group (the closest relative) of Pseudopotamis is genus Tylomelania.von Rintelen T., Stelbrink B. Marwoto R. M. & Glaubrecht M. (2014). "A Snail Perspective on the Biogeography of Sulawesi, Indonesia: Origin and Intra-Island Dispersal of the Viviparous Freshwater Gastropod Tylomelania".
Its preferred habitats include humid and moist forests close to rivers, and several types of woodland. It is uncommon to fairly common throughout most of its range. Its closest relative is the ornate hawk-eagle, which is similar in size, appearance and behavior but lives at lower elevations.
The hands were proportionally the shortest of any ornithomimosaur and each had three digits with curved claws. The forelimbs were weak while the hindlimbs were proportionally long. The family Ornithomimidae is part of the group Ornithomimosauria. Anserimimus, also from Mongolia, is thought to have been the closest relative of Gallimimus.
The crimson-backed tanager was first described by French naturalist Frédéric de Lafresnaye in 1837. It is one of nine species of brightly coloured tanagers of the genus Ramphocelus. Mitochondrial DNA evidence indicates its closest relative is the masked crimson tanager (R. nigrogularis), and the two split around 800,000 years ago.
Its species name is derived from the Latin words niger "black", and gularis "throated". It is one of nine species of brightly coloured tanagers of the genus Ramphocelus. Mitochondrial DNA evidence indicates its closest relative is the crimson-backed tanager (R. dimidiatus), and the two split around 800,000 years ago.
World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Its closest relative is Calycopeplus from Australia.Horn, J. W., B. W. van Ee, J. J. Morawetz, R. Riina, V. W. Steinmann, P. E. Berry, and K. J. Wurdack.
Its closest relative is the Seychelles kestrel, F. araea. Their ancestors diverged probably less than one million years ago (roughly around the early Ionian) See Groombridge et al. (2002) for thorough discussion. It is the smallest of all kestrels, otherwise similar to the Madagascar kestrel (and originally considered the same species).
An allozyme analysis conducted by Blaise Eitner in 1995 showed that the closest relative of the pelagic thresher is the bigeye thresher (A. superciliosus), with which it forms a clade. The specific epithet pelagicus is from the Greek pelagios, meaning "of the sea". Another common name is the smalltooth thresher.
In this group, the closest relative of this peculiar species is the similar-looking Pacific double-saddle butterflyfish or "false falcula", C. ulietensis. Other fairly close relatives are the quite differently-shaped but similarly colored lined (C. lineolatus) and spot-naped butterflyfishes (C. oxycephalus), while the blue-cheeked butterflyfish (C.
After it has dried, the capsule soon falls off from the plant. It resembles its closest relative Glottiphyllum oligocarpum, in its general form, but its leaves are glossy and do not have any waxy, white covering.Heidrun E.K. Hartmann, Horst Gölling: A monograph on the genus Glottiphyllum (Mesembryanthema, Aizoaceae). Bradleya 11, 1993.
This is an isolated species with no close allies. Selenicereus chrysocardium seems to be the closest relative. Two other epiphytic cacti from other genera show similar strongly notched flat stems and which, when not in flower, are not readily distinguishable from this species: these are Epiphyllum anguliger and Weberocereus imitans.
However, this classification has not been accepted, and Maleevosaurus is still considered a juvenile Tarbosaurus or Tyrannosaurus. This classification has not been accepted. Albertosaurus is a member of the theropod family Tyrannosauridae, in the subfamily Albertosaurinae. Its closest relative is the slightly older Gorgosaurus libratus (sometimes called Albertosaurus libratus; see below).
The sister species (the closest relative) is Pleurobranchus areolatus from Caribbean.Goodheart J., Camacho-García Y., Padula V., Schrödl M., Cervera J. L., Gosliner T. M. & Valdés Á. (2015). "Systematics and biogeography of Pleurobranchus Cuvier, 1804, sea slugs (Heterobranchia: Nudipleura: Pleurobranchidae)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 174(2): 322-362. .
In contrast, the brown-tailed mongoose has narrower feet with more poorly developed pads. In S. durrelli, the fur is long and soft. The brown-tailed mongoose (Salanoia concolor), the closest relative of S. durrelli (the tail in this plate is incomplete)Geoffroy Saint- Hilaire, 1839; cf. Garbutt, 2007, pp.
The Tor family, named after the Tor River, is clearly established. Its closest relative appears to be Orya. Stephen Wurm (1975) linked Orya and the Tor languages with the Lakes Plain languages, forming a branch of his Trans–New Guinea phylum. Clouse (1997) found no evidence of such a connection.
Scientifically, S. candidum is of additional interest, as it appears to be the closest relative and a possible ancestor to Asian members of the same botanical clade, notably Solanum lasiocarpum, which is native to India, but is cultivated for its naranjilla-like fruits, and will likewise readily hybridize with S. candidum.
The glossy black cockatoo was first described by Dutch naturalist Coenraad Jacob Temminck in 1807. The scientific name honours the English ornithologist John Latham. The glossy black cockatoo's closest relative is the red-tailed black cockatoo; the two species form the subgenus Calyptorhynchus within the genus of the same name.Forshaw, p.
Bouvier's red colobus has brownish-red fur on its body that is lighter than its closest relative, the Bioko red colobus (P. pennantii pennantii). Its head has a patch of black to chocolate brown fur that is smaller than that of P. p. pennantii. It has a white chin and whiskers.
A member of the family Turdidae, Bicknell's thrush belongs to the genus Catharus. This genus includes twelve species, five of which are found in North America. The closest relative of the Bicknell's thrush is its sister species, the Gray-cheeked Thrush. These two species were once considered as the same species.
Illacme is a member of the order Siphonophorida and family Siphonorhinidae. A second species of the genus, I. tobibni, was described in 2016. The closest relative of Illacme is undetermined, but a likely candidate is Nematozonium of South Africa which shares a long, narrow body shape and characteristics the gonopods.
This is a shrub covered in fernlike foliage made up of fronds of small leaflets. At the ends of the erect branches of this spreading bush are inflorescences of rose spiraealike flowers. It is a relict of the Eocene and the closest relative of Chamaebatiaria.Kamelin, R. V. Flora Syrdarinskogo Karatau.
Young Martin Chuzzlewit is the grandson of old Martin Chuzzlewit. He is the closest relative of old Martin, and has inherited much of the stubbornness and selfishness of the old man. Young Martin is the protagonist of the story. His engagement to Mary is the cause of estrangement between himself and his grandfather.
Garrick, J.A.F. (1982). "Sharks of the genus Carcharhinus". NOAA Technical Report, NMFS CIRC-445. However, this interpretation was not supported by Gavin Naylor's 1992 allozyme analysis, which suggested that these similarities are the product of convergent evolution and that the closest relative of the spinner shark is the copper shark (C. brachyurus).
A new species called the kiang (E. kiang), a Tibetan relative, was previously considered to be a subspecies of the onager as E. hemionus kiang, but recent molecular studies indicate it to be a distinct species, having diverged from the closest relative of the Mongolian wild ass's ancestor less than 500,000 years ago.
French botanist Adrien René Franchet described Rhododendron spinuliferum in 1895. Two subspecies are recognised. Within the genus Rhododendron, it lies in the subgenus Rhododendron and section Rhododendron. Analysis of its DNA shows it is most closely related to R. triflorum, the two sister species have R. keiskei as the next closest relative.
It is estimated that the Apachean linguistic groups separated and became established as distinct societies, of which the Navajo were one, somewhere between 1300 and 1525. As a member of the Western Apachean group, Navajo's closest relative is the Mescalero-Chiricahua language. Navajo is generally considered mutually intelligible with all other Apachean languages.
The Liberian mongoose (Liberiictis kuhni) is a mongoose species native to Liberia and Ivory Coast. It is the only member of the genus Liberiictis. Phylogenetic analysis shows it is closely related to other small, social mongooses and that the banded mongoose is its closest relative. It was discovered in Liberia in 1958.
The closest relative of Awadhi is the Bagheli language as genealogically both descend from the same 'Half-Magadhi'. Most early Indian linguists regarded Bagheli merely as 'the southern form of Awadhi', but recent studies accept Bagheli as a separate dialect at par with Awadhi and not merely a sub-dialect of it.
Neck vertebrae This genus of plesiosaur lived in North America, approximately 95 million years ago - this places it during the Cenomanian stage. Its closest relative is Elasmosaurus, and both belong to the family Elasmosauridae. There are six specimens of varying states of preservation on display at various museums in the United States.
It sometimes resembles its closest relative, the "bottle palm" (Hyophorbe lagenicaulis). Both of these species develop swollen trunks. However the spindle palm's trunk starts to swell in the middle (assuming the shape of a spindle). The bottle palm's trunk continues to swell at the base (often resembling the shape of a bottle).
In 1256, after the death of the childless Mascarós II Lomagne, Gerald, being her closest relative, inherited the counties of Armagnac and Fezensac. Following numerous quarrels with the Seneschal of Languedoc, he was captured and imprisoned two years in the castle of Peronne. Liberated, he paid homage to Edward I, King of England.
This species was initially described by Alexander G. Ruthven in 1916 from specimens collected by M. A. Carriker, Jr., in 1914. In 1994, a new species, Atelopus leoperezii, was described, only to later be determined to be the Guajira stubfoot toad. Its closest relative is believed to be Atelopus ignescens of Ecuador.
Crito arrives in Athens, and on learning of Chrysis' death berates his ill fortune because, as Glycerium is in reality an orphan, he is Chrysis' closest relative and will need to take a case to law to claim her estate ahead of Glycerium who will no doubt be defended by some gallant protector.
It is similar to B. klaasi, but it has more reddish patellae. B. baumgarteni was thought to be a captive hybrid of B. smithi crossed with B. boehmei, because for a long time no specimen had been reported successfully bred in captivity. According to genetic analyses, its closest relative is B. boehmei.
Y. pestis is a nonmotile, stick-shaped, facultative anaerobic bacterium with bipolar staining (giving it a safety pin appearance) that produces an antiphagocytic slime layer. Similar to other Yersinia species, it tests negative for urease, lactose fermentation, and indole. Its closest relative is the gastrointestinal pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, and more distantly Yersinia enterocolitica.
Pardiñas et al. (2005) suggest that the closest relative to A. philipmyersi is A. lindberghi, but this is only weakly supported statistically. Morphometric analyses and a shared number of chromosomes (n=36), also point to a similarity between these two species. The two are distinct both morphometrically and genetically (cytochrome b divergence = 10.1%).
The closest relative is Corynebacterium spheniscorum which has been recovered from Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus).J. Goyache, A.I. Vela, M.D. Collins, C. Ballesteros, V. Briones, J. Moreno, P. Yorio, L. Dominguez, R. Hutson, J.F. Fernandez- Garayzabal Corynebacterium spheniscorum sp. nov., isolated from the cloacae of wild penguins Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.
Prunus mongolica (the Mongolian almond) is a species of Prunus native to China and Mongolia, particularly the Gobi Desert. A small scrubby bush, reaching 1-2m, it is adapted to extreme drought. Genetic studies have shown that it is more closely related to the peaches, with its closest relative being Prunus tangutica.
B. oblongifolia's placement within Banksia may be summarised as follows: :Genus Banksia ::Subgenus Isostylis ::Subgenus Banksia :::Section Oncostylis :::Section Coccinea :::Section Banksia ::::Series Grandes ::::Series Banksia ::::Series Crocinae ::::Series Prostratae ::::Series Cyrtostylis ::::Series Tetragonae ::::Series Bauerinae ::::Series Quercinae ::::Series Salicinae :::::B. dentata – B. aquilonia – B. integrifolia – B. plagiocarpa – B. oblongifolia – B. robur – B. conferta – B. paludosa – B. marginata – B. canei – B. saxicola Since 1998, American botanist Austin Mast and co-authors have been publishing results of ongoing cladistic analyses of DNA sequence data for the subtribe Banksiinae, which then comprised genera Banksia and Dryandra. Their analyses suggest a phylogeny that differs greatly from George's taxonomic arrangement. Banksia oblongifolia resolves as the closest relative, or "sister", to B. robur, with B. plagiocarpa as next closest relative.
The Kalasha language, also known as Kalasha-mun, is a member of the Dardic group of the Indo-Aryan languages. Its closest relative is the neighbouring Khowar language. Kalasha was formerly spoken over a larger area in south Chitral, but it is now mostly confined to the western side valleys having lost ground to Khowar.
Charonosaurus from China, which may have been its closest relative, had a similar skull and potentially a similar crest. Visual recognition of both species and sex, acoustic resonance, and thermoregulation have been proposed as functional explanations for the crest. It is one of the rarer hadrosaurids, known from only a handful of good specimens.
For example, Adelaar (2005) rejects Barito as a valid group despite accepting less traditional groups such as North Bornean and Malayo- Sumbawan. The Malagasy language originates from the Southeast Barito languages, and Ma'anyan is its closest relative, with numerous Malay and Javanese loanwords.Otto Chr. Dahl, Malgache et Maanjan: une comparaison linguistique, Egede-Instituttet Avhandlinger, no.
There are two subspecies of the western lowland olingo: the nominate B. m. medius (Colombia and Ecuador) and B. m. orinomus (Panama and possibly Colombia). The closest relative of the western lowland olingo is the other lowland olingo species, B. alleni, found east of the Andes, from which it diverged about 1.3 million years ago.
Beyeria subtecta, commonly known as the Kangaroo Island turpentine bush, is a species of plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It is a dioecious bush, growing to about 60 cm in height. Its closest relative is B. lechenaultii. It is endemic to Kangaroo Island, South Australia, and is listed as Vulnerable under Australia's EPBC Act.
Nǁng belongs to the Tuu (Taa–ǃKwi) language family, with extinct ǀXam being its closest relative and Taa its closest living relative. The two recent dialects are Nǀuu (Nǀhuki) and ǁʼAu (ǁKhʼau). Extinct dialects include ǂKhomani and Langeberg. ǂKhomani had been recorded by Doke and by Maingard, Nǀhuki by Weshphal, and Langeberg by Dorothea Bleek.
Ornithologist Robert Ridgway initially described the Guadalupe wren as a species in its own right, Thryomanes brevicauda. Its closest relative may be the mainland Bewick's wren subspecies T. b. correctus, which the Guadalupe wren closely resembled. Indeed, brevicauda mainly differed from correctus in its narrower tail bars, smaller size, shorter tail, and longer bill.
At a stalemate, the Five Nations and the Twakanhah struck a tentative peace. Around this time, the Iroquois codified their ethics. Each nation was composed of tribes, and each tribe appointed two chiefs to settle disputes. In a case of murder, for example, the closest relative of the victim executed the murderer with a club.
Heymann, David L. (ed): Pertussis; in Control of Communicable Diseases Manual. p. 457. American Public Health Association, Washington DC, 2008, Humans are the only known reservoir for B. pertussis. The complete B. pertussis genome of 4,086,186 base pairs was published in 2003. Compared to its closest relative B. bronchiseptica, the genome size is greatly reduced.
DNA sequence comparisons suggest that the closest relative of the genus Noctiluca is Spatulodinium. Spatulodinium pseudonoctiluca seems to be more closely related to N. scintillans than to other Spatulodinium species. N. scintillans is also placed within a classification scheme that has a class Diniferea, or Dinophyceae, which includes nonparasitic dinoflagellates that lack armor plating.
The genus Merops is with in the African resident clade of Meropidae. Historically Merops was split up into six genera which are no longer valid: Bomblonax, Melittophagus, Dicrocercus, Meropiscus, Aerops and Philothurs. Merops variegatus closest relative is M. pusillus, the little bee-eater. They are considered sister tax and make up their own clade.
Initial efforts to resolve the evolutionary relationships of the silky shark were inconclusive; based on morphology, Jack Garrick in 1982 suggested the blackspot shark (C. sealei) as its closest relative. In 1988, Leonard Compagno assigned it phenetically to an informal "transitional group" also containing the blacknose shark (C. acronotus), the blacktip reef shark (C.
It was described in 2013. Its closest relative is the dark-brown serotine, Neoromicia brunnea. Rosevear's serotine and the dark-brown serotine are separated by a genetic distance of 6.9-7.2%. The new species was assigned to the genus Neoromicia based on its single upper premolar: a trait shared amongst all species in the genus.
Nakki is a tinier edition of makkara. There are many types of nakki, with almost as much varieties as larger types of makkara. The closest relative to nakki in North-American cuisine is the thin knackwurst. Siskonmakkara, a finely ground light-colored sausage, is usually encountered as the main ingredient of a soup named siskonmakkarakeitto.
Waterhouse's swamp rat (Scapteromys tumidus) is a semiaquatic rodent species from South America. It is found in southern Brazil, Uruguay and northern Argentina, where it lives in freshwater and salt marshes, as well as open grassland of the pampas. Its karyotype has 2n = 24, substantially lower than its closest relative S. aquaticus with 2n = 32.
The stump-tailed porcupine (Coendou rufescens) is a species of rodent in the family Erethizontidae. It is found mainly in Colombia, with a few records from Ecuador. This species was formerly sometimes assigned to Echinoprocta, a genus no longer recognized since genetic studies showed it to nest within Coendou. Its closest relative is the Andean porcupine (Coendou quichua).
The comparisons showed differences in the bones. The Cuban teratorn did not have features especially typical to any specific species of teratorn. In many cases, its bones were larger than Teratornis merriami, supposedly its closest relative. Some of the differences in the fossil record suggest that some of the bones may have had slightly different functions.
An interesting threat to this species is actually occurring naturally. The closest relative to Sus verrucosus is the banded pig (Sus scrofa vittatus). This species shares similar habitat ranges as the Javan pig. This species threatens the Javan pig not only through resource competition, but also by cross-mating and creating hybrids of S. verrucosus and S. scrofa.
Eggs are produced from spring to autumn, the offspring reach sexual maturity the following summer, and individuals can live for up to two years. The closest relative of D. sayi is D. texanus, which lives in the Gulf of Mexico; the two species differ in subtle features of the genitalia and the last pair of walking legs.
The describers performed an exact cladistic analysis to determine its phylogenetic position. The outcome of the phylogenetic analysis placed Blasisaurus as the sister taxon to Arenysaurus. Together they form a clade that is higher in Lambeosaurinae than Tsintaosaurus and Jaxartosaurus. Whether this clade was more derived than Amurosaurus, the closest relative of the group, was not determined.
Based on morphology, Jack Garrick concluded in 1982 that its closest relative was the blacktip shark (C. limbatus), and that the two were closely related to the spinner shark (C. brevipinna). Leonard Compagno, in his 1988 phenetic study, also grouped those species together, along with the smoothtooth blacktip shark (C. leiodon) and the finetooth shark (C. isodon).
Most of these are found in Africa and Asia, Tyrannobdella rex being the only one from South America. Its closest relative, Pintobdella chiapasensis, is native to Mexico, where it infests tapirs. The sister group to Praobdellidae is made up of the two South American families Semiscolescidae (genera Semiscolex and Patagoniobdella) and Macrobdellidae (genera Macrobdella, Philobdella and Oxyptychus).
Prodidactis mystica is an enigmatic Pyraloidea-like moth from southern Africa which has been placed in its own family, Prodidactidae and which belongs in the lepidopteran group Apoditrysia. Its closest relative amongst this large group of Lepidoptera is uncertain, but morphological and molecular evidence suggests placement of Prodidactidae in Hyblaeoidea. The larval food plant is Nuxia congesta (Stilbaceae).
Prunus perulata () is a species of bird cherry native to Sichuan and Yunnan in China, preferring to grow at 2400–3200m. It is a tree typically 6–12m tall. Its flowers are borne on a raceme, quite small, with dull white to creamy- yellow petals. Its closest relative is Prunus buergeriana, from which it is morphologically and genetically distinct.
The closest relative of Thaumatichthys is Lasiognathus, which also possesses enlarged, hinged premaxillaries, denticles on the esca, and a branched upper operculum. There are also significant differences between the two genera though, and Lasiognathus shares many more traits with the family Oneirodidae (in which it was formerly placed) than does Thaumatichthys.Pietsch, T.W. (2005). Thaumatichthyidae. Wolftrap Seadevils.
This arrangement maintained the species' placement in ser. Prostratae but found the most closely related taxon to be , based on their common narrow-lobed leaves, and the next closest relative to be B. repens. George later published an updated version of his 1981 arrangement in his 1999 treatment of Banksia for the Flora of Australia series of monographs.
Pittsfordipterus was a basal ("primitive") genus that was distinguished from the more derived adelophthalmids by the specialization of its genital operculum (a plate-like segment which contains the genital aperture) and its long and narrow eyes, being Bassipterus' closest relative. With an estimated length of 6 cm (2.4 in), Pittsfordipterus was one of the smallest adelophthalmids.
Teop is a language of northern Bougainville, Papua New Guinea. It falls within the Oceanic languages, a subgrouping of the Austronesian language family. According to Malcolm Ross, Teop belongs to the Nehan-Bougainville family of languages, part of the Northwest Solomonic group of the Meso-Melanesian cluster within the Oceanic languages. Its closest relative is Saposa.
The closest relative of the Alabama cave shrimp is the Kentucky cave shrimp, Palaemonias ganteri, which lives in Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky. The two species can be distinguished by size (P. alabamae being larger than P. ganteri), the longer rostrum in P. alabamae, and the greater number of spines on the rostrum of P. alabamae.
The widemouth blindcat (Satan eurystomus) is a species of North American freshwater catfish endemic to Texas in the United States. It is the only representative of the genus Satan. The widemouth blindcat's closest relative is the much larger flathead catfish, Pylodictis olivaris. It was first discovered inhabiting a well, and is adapted for a lightless underground environment.
The closeness in relationship between Dendroica and Catharopeza has been widely recognized. When charted according to taxon, they are often placed adjacent to each other due to their similarities in morphology and song. A study that sequenced the DNA of Dendroica and Catharopeza found that Catharopeza’s closest relative in the Dendroica genus was the Dendroica plumbea species.
Its divergence from C. elegans is similar to the distance between humans and fish. C. castelli is its closest relative, and the two species can produce F1 hybrids. C. angaria was isolated in Trinidad and Florida, found in association with palm and sugarcane weevils, Rhynchophorus palmarum and Metamasius hemipterus. Dauer larvae wave and are transported by adult weevils.
The modern binomial name derives from the Latin ', 'kingfisher' (from Greek , '), and Atthis, a beautiful young woman of Lesbos, and favourite of Sappho. The genus Alcedo comprises seven small kingfishers that all eat fish as part of their diet. The common kingfisher's closest relative is the cerulean kingfisher that has white underparts and is found in parts of Indonesia.
Cambridge University Press remains the major monograph on these languages, although regrettably, Part II, which was to contain grammatical analyses, was never published. Crabb also reviews the literature on Ekoid up to the date of publication. The nearby Mbe language is the closest relative of Ekoid and forms with it the Ekoid–Mbe branch of Southern Bantoid.
Until recently, all minke whales were considered a single species. However, the common minke whale was recognized as a separate species from the Antarctic minke whale based on mitochondrial DNA testing. This testing also confirmed that the Antarctic minke whale is the closest relative of the common minke whale, thus confirming the validity of the minke whale clade.
The geographically closest relative is the Rarotonga starling, which is larger and has a greyish body plumage with light grey feather margins. In overall appearance, A. mavornata is closest to the Polynesian starling's subspecies tenebrosus of Niuatoputapu and Tafahi, Tonga; alternatively, it looks much like a much (nearly one-third) smaller, yellow- eyed version of the Samoan starling.
Moksha (, ) is a Mordvinic language of the Uralic family, with around 2,000 native speakers (2010 Russian census). Moksha is the majority language in the western part of Mordovia. Encyclopædia Britannica Its closest relative is the Erzya language, with which it is not mutually intelligible. Moksha is also considered to be closely related to the extinct Meshcherian and Muromian languages.
Until near the end of the 20th century, Ochnaceae was regarded as a rather odd family, difficult to place with a high degree of certainty. Even into the 21st century, some authors treated the genus Strasburgeria as the closest relative of Ochnaceae, and some even placed it within the family.Armen L. Takhtajan (Takhtadzhian). Flowering Plants second edition (2009).
They are unicellular and saprotrophic fungi. One example is Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is used in making bread, wine, and beer, and for human and animal health. Other members of this genus include the wild yeast Saccharomyces paradoxus that is the closest relative to S. cerevisiae, Saccharomyces bayanus, used in making wine, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae var boulardii, used in medicine.
The white-eyed gull (Ichthyaetus leucophthalmus) is a small gull that is endemic to the Red Sea. Its closest relative is the sooty gull. It is one of the world's rarest gulls, with a population of 4,000 – 6,500 pairs. The species is classed as Near Threatened by the IUCN; human pressure and oil pollution are deemed the major threats.
Gondwanatitan (meaning "giant from Gondwana") was a titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur. Gondwanatitan was found in Brazil, at the time part of the southern supercontinent Gondwana, in the late Cretaceous Period (70 mya). Like some other sauropods, Gondwanatitan was tall and ate tough shoots and leaves off of the tops of trees. G. faustoi's closest relative was Aeolosaurus.
More recently, the genus has been placed in the tribe Roupaleae, its closest relative is the Australian Triunia.Sauquet, H., P. H. Weston, C. J. Anderson, N. P. Barker, D. J. Cantrill, A. R. Mast, and Savolainen, V. (2009). Contrasted Patterns of Hyperdiversifaction in Mediterranean Hotspots. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 106 (1): 221–25.
Lono, mauli, pau, the closest relative being Rock, Paper, Scissors, but this pāʻani was meant to memorize a few moon phases. Along with the majority of Makahiki games which took place during ʻaha wehena (the opening ceremonies). A category which should have its own section though are the pāʻani Hawaiʻi related to Makahiki and therefore related to Lonoikamakahiki.
It is a member of the small family Atherospermataceae along with several other Australian rainforest trees including yellow sassafras (Doryphora sassafras). . Its closest relative is the monotypic genus Nemuaron, endemic to New Caledonia.Renner, S. S., D. B. Foreman, and D. Murray. (2000) Timing Transantarctic Disjunction in the Atherospermataceae (Laurales): Evidence from Coding and Non Coding Chloroplast Sequences.
As well as being eaten by humans, S. latus is also preyed upon by a variety of bony fish. Its closest relative is S. herklotsii, which occurs off the Atlantic coast of West Africa; other species of Scyllarides occur in the western Atlantic Ocean and the Indo-Pacific. The larvae and young animals are largely unknown.
Helicobacter typhlonius is a Gram-negative bacterium and opportunistic pathogen found in the genus Helicobacter. There are only thirty five known species in this genus, which was discovered in 1982. H. typhlonius has a small number of close relatives, including Helicobacter muridarum, Helicobacter trogontum, and Helicobacter hepaticus, with the latter being the closest relative and much more prevalent.
Although speakers of Kajkavian are primarily Croats, and Kajkavian is generally considered a dialect of Standard Croatian, its closest relative is the Slovene language (particularly the Pannonian and Styrian dialects of Slovene), followed by Chakavian and then Shtokavian. Kajkavian is part of the South Slavic dialect continuum, adjoining the Slovene language (Slovenia) and Chakavian dialects (Croatia).
Wirgan was a name used by the local Eora and Darug inhabitants of the Sydney basin. Molecular study shows its closest relative to be the silver-crowned friarbird within the genus Philemon. DNA analysis has shown honeyeaters to be related to the Pardalotidae (pardalotes), Acanthizidae (Australian warblers, scrubwrens, thornbills, etc.), and Maluridae (Australian fairy-wrens) in the large superfamily Meliphagoidea.
Duna (also known as Yuna) is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. It may belong to the Trans New Guinea language family and is often further classified as a Duna-Pogaya language, for Bogaya appears to be Duna's closest relative, as evidenced by the similar development of the personal pronouns. Estimates for number of speakers range from 11,000 (1991) to 25,000 (2002).
The short-eared possum (Trichosurus caninus) is a species of marsupial in the family Phalangeridae endemic to Australia. Found north of Sydney, the species was once classed as a mountain brushtail possum, which is its closest relative. In the wild, they can live up to 17 years of age, have a stable territory, and invest significant energy rearing their young.
Piscobalaena is known from fossils found in the Pisco Formation in Peru. Piscobalaena is considered a representative of Cetotheriidae a group of baleen whales with primitive characteristics similar to that of Balaenoptera, fossil species of which have been found mainly in the northern hemisphere. The closest relative of Piscobalaena appears to have been Herpetocetus, from the Mio-Pliocene of the northern hemisphere.
Sueca (meaning Swedish (female) in Portuguese) is a 4 player-partnership point trick-taking card game of the Ace-Ten family, and a popular variant of the Bisca card game. The game is played in Portugal, Brazil, Angola and other Portuguese communities. Its closest relative is the very similar German game Einwerfen. Sueca is, by far, the most played game in Portugal.
It has acted as a refugia for alpine flora and possibly invertebrate fauna since the last cool time approximately 10,000 years ago. An endangered species, gentiana wingecarribeinsis, is known only from this swamp. Its closest relative is the alpine gentian which now occurs only in the Alps. This swamp is the best example of a montane peatland at comparatively low altitude in Australia.
Epinephelus ongus was first formally described as Holocentrus ongus in 1790 by the German medical doctor and naturalist Marcus Elieser Bloch (1723-1799) with the type locality given as Japan but this is thought to be an error and should be Java. Its closest relative appears to Epinephelus summana which is restricted to the Red Sea where E. ongus is absent.
Bombyx mandarina, the wild silk moth, is an insect from the moth family Bombycidae. It is the closest relative of Bombyx mori, the domesticated silk moth. The silkworm is the larva or caterpillar of a silk moth. Unlike the domesticated relative which is unable to fly or indeed persist outside human care, the wild silk moth is a fairly ordinary lepidopteran.
The greater scaup's name may come from "scalp", a Scottish and Northern English word for a shellfish bed, or from the duck's mating call: "scaup scaup". A phylogenetic analysis of the diving ducks, examining the skeletal anatomy and skin, found that the greater and lesser scaups are each other's closest relatives, with the tufted duck as the next closest relative of the pair.
The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Its closest relative is Cyphokentia,Baker, W. J., M. V. Norup, J. J. Clarkson, T. L. P. Couvreur, J. L. Dowe, C. E. Lewis, J. C. Pintaud, V. Savolainen, T. Wilmot, and M. W. Chase. (2011). Phylogenetic Relationships among Arecoid Palms (Arecaceae: Arecoideae). Annals of Botany 108 (8): 1417–32.
The ears barely show through puffy head fur. Southern bog lemmings have four toes and one small, nailed thumb on the forefeet and five toes on the hind feet. Females have six teats, which distinguishes this species from its closest relative, northern bog lemmings, which have eight. They have a large head, short legs, and a short tail which is lighter underneath.
Old Guangde dialect is a Northern Wu dialect spoken in southeastern Anhui province in southeastern Guangde county, it is now losing ground to New Guangde dialect, a Jianghuai Mandarin dialect. It is closely related to Shanghainese and Suzhou dialect, but its closest relative is Huzhou dialect. It is a Northern Wu dialect exclave surrounded by speakers of Jianghuai Mandarin and Xuanzhou Wu.
The marbled murrelet is a small (25 cm), chunky auk with a slender black bill. It has pointed wings and plumage that varies by season. The non-breeding plumage is typically white underneath with a black crown, nape, wings and back. The bird closely resembles its closest relative, the Long-billed murrelet; in fact, these species were considered conspecific up until 1998.
Eriaxis is a monotypic genus of orchids (family Orchidaceae) belonging to the subfamily Vanilloideae. The sole species is Eriaxis rigida, endemic to New Caledonia.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant FamiliesReichenbach, Heinrich Gustav. 1876. Linnaea 41: 63 Its closest relative is Clematepistephium,Cameron, K. M. (2009) On the Value of Nuclear and Mitochondrial Gene Sequences for Reconstructing the Phylogeny of Vanilloid Orchids (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae).
Fossils have been documented from Alaska to California and Texas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Virginia, North Carolina and New Jersey. The species became extinct approximately 11,000 years ago at the end of the last ice age. Skull Symbos was formerly thought to be a separate genus, but is now known to be synonymous. The closest relative of Bootherium is the extant muskox Ovibos moschatus.
Mountain hares (Lepus timidus) have been introduced, and inhabit the mountain area and surrounding valleys. The Mykines house mouse (Mus musculus mykinessiensis) is endemic for Mykines, and this might suggest an early introduction, maybe as early as in the 6th century by the Irish monks, who cultivated this island. Its closest relative was the now extinct St Kilda house mouse (Mus musculus muralis).
Albanian literature as a whole is an under-translated and understudied material, relative to similar academic areas. This can be attributed to a few large reasons. First, the language barrier: Albanian is an Indo-European language, though dissimilar to all other modern languages. It maintains many archaic structures and its closest relative would be the very ancient Balto-Slavic languages.
In their native habitat, they swim over and around corals, on which they feed.Siliotti (2002) They have also been observed feeding on gelatinous zooplankton, such as jellyfish (Scyphozoa) and comb jellies (Ctenophora). It belongs to the large subgenus Rabdophorus which might warrant recognition as a distinct genus. In this group, its closest relative is probably the very similar common raccoon butterflyfish (C. lunula).
Leptopelis fiziensis was first described as a subspecies of Leptopelis modestus, based on specimens from the Fizi Territory in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Later on it has also been recorded in western Tanzania. However, recent molecular work suggests that its closest relative is Leptopelis karissimbensis rather than Leptopelis modestus. Moreover, some of the Tanzanian records might refer to another species.
Hyperolius minutissimus belongs to the "East African spiny-throated reed frog complex", consisting of five other species: Hyperolius spinigularis, Hyperolius tanneri, Hyperolius burgessi, Hyperolius davenporti, and Hyperolius ukwiva. Based on molecular genetic data, its closest relative is H. ukwiva from the Rubeho Mountains, Tanzania. The form a sister group to a group consisting of the remaining four species in this complex.
Einwerfen or Zählspiel is a German 8-card point-trick game for four players in two teams of two and using a 32-card German-suited pack. Its closest relative is the popular Portuguese game Sueca. Perhaps the most basic and typical representative of the Ace-Ten card games, this game was first described as early as 1811, but may be considerably older.
It may have been mainly a fruit eater like many of the other Hawaiian thrushes. Due to its quick extinction, little is known about the ʻāmaui. It may have nested in trees like the ‘ōma’o or nested in crevices like the extinct kāmaʻo. Its song was reported to be similar to the Molokai olomaʻo as it may be its closest relative.
Great black hawk (Buteogallus urubutinga), closest relative of B. borrasi The latest scientific research describes B. borrasi as very similar to its extant relative, the great black hawk (B. urubitinga). However, it was one third as big again as that bird. Compared to other large birds of prey that shared its habitat—Woodward's eagle, Titanohierax and Gigantohierax—it had relatively gracile features.
Ketol isomerizations of secondary α-hydroxy carbonyl compounds, which proceed via tautomerization, are probably the closest relative of the α-ketol rearrangement discussed here. Also closely related are carbohydrate rearrangements such as the Lobry–de Bruyn–van Ekenstein transformation,Angyal, S. J. Top. Curr. Chem., 2001, 215, 1. which involve conversion to the open form followed by rearrangement and re-closing.
Kaufman, Terrence. 2016. Tlapaneko-Sutiaba, Oto-Mangean, and Hokan: Where Greenberg Went Wrong. Project for the Documentation of the Languages of Mesoamerica (PDLMA). Sapir proposed that a third language, the extinct Maribo of the village of Maribichicoa, on the Guatajiguala River in Lencan country in El Salvador, may have been the closest relative of Subtiaba, or that it in fact was Subtiaba.
In flight The species was first described in 1840 by the Scottish naturalist Andrew Smith based on a specimen collected at the Cape of Good Hope. It originally had the binomial name Procellaria glacialoides but was subsequently moved to the genus Fulmarus with its closest relative, the northern fulmar, F. glacialis. Molecular data suggests that the two species diverged during the Pleistocene epoch.
It is a member of the common stonechat superspecies, but it is distinct, together with its closest relative the Madagascan stonechat S. sibilla being insular derivatives of the African stonechat.Woog, F., Wink, M., Rastegar-Pouyani, E., Gonzalez, J., & Helm, B. (2008). Distinct taxonomic position of the Madagascar stonechat (Saxicola torquatus sibilla) revealed by nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial DNA. J. Ornithol.
Arganarhinus (meaning "Argana (Morocco) snout") is an extinct genus of phytosaur known from the late Triassic period (Middle Carnian stage) of Argana Basin in Morocco. It is known from a skull which is housed at the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. It was first named by Long and Murry in 1995 and the type species is Arganarhinus magnoculus. Its closest relative was Paleorhinus.
Drosophila subobscura is a species of fruit fly in the family Drosophilidae. Originally found around the Mediterranean, it has spread to most of Europe and the Near East. It has been introduced into the west coasts of Canada, the United States, and Chile. Its closest relative is Drosophila madeirensis, found in the Madeira Islands, followed by D. guanche, found in the Canary Islands.
Eucalyptus tetrodonta was first formally described by the botanist Ferdinand von Mueller in 1859 in Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, Botany. The specific epithet is derived from the ancient Greek words meaning "four" and "a tooth", in reference to the four teeth sometimes found around the rim of the fruit. The closest relative of this tree is E. megasepala.
Oryzorictinae is a subfamily of tenrecs endemic to the island of Madagascar. It is the largest of three tenrec subfamilies. Oryzorictinae is thought to have split from the lineage of its closest relative, Geogale, about 30 million years (Ma) ago. The deepest phylogenetic split within the subfamily, that between Oryzorictes and a clade composed of Microgale plus Nesogale , is thought to have occurred about 28 Ma ago.
Nepenthes kerrii was formally described by Marcello Catalano and Trongtham Kruetreepradit in Catalano's 2010 book, Nepenthes della Thailandia: Diario di viaggio. The description was reviewed by Alastair Robinson, while Andreas Fleischmann provided the Latin translation. Kerr 14127 was designated as the holotype. Contrary to McPherson's interpretation, Catalano and Kruetreepradit excluded the Langkawi taxon from their circumscription of N. kerrii and identified N. kongkandana as its closest relative.
Also brought with them was the Ma'anyan dayak people, as labourer and slaves.Kumar, Ann. (1993). 'Dominion Over Palm and Pine: Early Indonesia’s Maritime Reach', in Anthony Reid (ed.), Anthony Reid and the Study of the Southeast Asian Past (Sigapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies), 101-122. The Malagasy language originated from Southeast Barito language, and Ma'anyan language is its closest relative, with numerous Malay and Javanese loanwords.
Diplomys is a member of the Echimyini clade of arboreal Echimyidae rodents. The closest relative of Diplomys is Santamartamys, reflecting the fact that these taxa have once been classified in the same genus. These two genera constitute the sister group of the "Dactylomyines", a clade of South American bamboo rats. All these taxa are closely related to the genera Echimys, Phyllomys, Makalata, Pattonomys, and Toromys.
Santamartamys is a member of the Echimyini clade of arboreal Echimyidae rodents. The closest relative of Santamartamys is Diplomys, reflecting the fact that these taxa have once been classified in the same genus. These two genera constitute the sister group of the "Dactylomyines", a clade of South American bamboo rats. All these taxa are closely related to the genera Echimys, Phyllomys, Makalata, Pattonomys, and Toromys.
Like most of its relatives this species displays a black eye band like a mask. As in most butterflyfish, the Pacific double-saddle butterflyfish is prone to blanching at night and when startled. It belongs to the large subgenus Rabdophorus which might warrant recognition as a distinct genus. In this group, the closest relative of this peculiar species is the similar-looking Black-wedged Butterflyfish, C. falcula.
Morphologically, Andiva most closely resembles Ovatoscutum, Chondroplon and, more distantly, Dickinsonia, as part of the proposed phylum Proarticulata. Archaeaspinus and Cyanorus have also been directly compared to it. Jerzy Dzik includes Andiva in the Dipleurozoa, with Chondroplon as the closest relative, separated from Dickinsonia and closer to Yorgia, Praecambridium, Archaeaspinus and Vendia, since all of them are sharing a dextrally bent dorsal medial chamber.
Koaia seedpod, showing the end-to-end arrangement of seeds.Among other Pacific Islands of volcanic (non-continental) origin, only Vanuatu has native Acacia species. A. heterophylla, from distant Réunion, is very similar and has been suggested to be the closest relative of koa. Genetic sequence analysis results announced in 2014 confirmed this close relationship; the estimated time of divergence is about 1.4 million years ago.
The species was first given a description and a classification in 1845 by French entomologist Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville. Guérin-Méneville erroneously classed the specimen he described as a member of the species Cephalotes pinelii. Brazilian entomologist Maria de Andrade studied the species once again in 1999 and gave it the name nilpiei, an anagram of pinelii. The closest relative of nilpiei is Cephalotes pineili.
The flowerpecker genetic subdivision is based on a single morphological character — the length of the outermost primary wing feather. Most flowerpeckers are sexually dichromatic, have stouter bills than sunbirds and display a broad variety of tongue structure. Genetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA of 70% of flowerpecker species showed that the mistletoebird and the red-capped flowerpecker (D. geelvinkianum) to be each other's closest relative.
The protein encoded by this gene is a non-selective calcium-permeable cation channel and is part of the Transient Receptor Potential ion channel super family. The closest relative is the cold and menthol activated TRPM8 ion channel. While TRPM2 is not cold sensitive it is activated by heat. The TRPM2 ion channel is activated by free intracellular ADP-ribose in synergy with free intracellular calcium.
The two extant families of sirenians are thought to have diverged in the mid-Eocene, after which the dugongs and their closest relative, the Steller's sea cow, split off from a common ancestor in the Miocene. The Steller's sea cow became extinct in the 18th century. No fossils exist of other members of the Dugongidae. Molecular studies have been made on dugong populations using mitochondrial DNA.
The Indian black-lored tit, Indian tit, or Indian yellow tit (Grimmett et al., 2011) (Machlolophus aplonotus) is a passerine bird in the tit family Paridae. The yellow-cheeked tit is probably its closest relative, and both may be related to the yellow tit. These three tits almost certainly form a distinct lineage as evidenced by morphology, and mtDNA cytochrome b sequence analysis (Gill et al.
There is no fossil record of the Japanese serow; its evolutionary history and the closeness of its relation to the Taiwan serow (Capricornis swinhoei) are speculative. Its taxonomic position has led to it being called a "living fossil". Karyotype studies indicate it was the earliest species to split from the common Capricornis ancestor. The closest relative to the Japanese serow is the Taiwan serow (Capricornis swinhoei).
Kittlitz's plover is the Saint Helena bird's closest relative. The Saint Helena plover is generally larger but not as well-marked as the Kittlitz's plover, which is native to sub-Saharan Africa. Its size is around 15 cm (6 in). The bird was first mentioned in 1638, and is the national bird of Saint Helena, featured on the island's coat of arms and flag.
A simple Paloma is a two-ingredient cocktail consisting only of tequila and grapefruit-flavored soda. A more complex variant of the Paloma is the cantarito, which in addition to lime juice, also has lemon juice and orange juice. The Paloma is more flavorful than its closest relative, the Greyhound, which consists of grapefruit juice and either gin or vodka mixed and served over ice.
Michael Fortescue, a specialist in Eskimo–Aleut as well as in Chukotko-Kamchatkan, argued for a link between Uralic, Yukaghir, Chukotko-Kamchatkan, and Eskimo–AleutFortescue, M. (1998). Language Relations Across Bering Strait calling this proposed grouping Uralo-Siberian. Later, he has argued for Nivkh as the closest relative of Chukotko-Kamchatkan and suggests interpreting the similarities to Uralo-Siberian through language contact.Fortescue 2011, p.
Bythaelurus stewarti, the Error Seamount catshark, is a catshark of the family Scyliorhinidae in the order Carchariniformes. It is endemic to Error Seamount, a guyot located in the Arabian Sea in the western Indian Ocean. Its closest relative is the bristly catshark (B. hispidus), which it differs from in its larger size, darker and more mottled coloration, and especially its smaller and less densely concentrated denticles.
Thermotoga naphthophila can be found under strain types RKU-10, DSM-13996, and JCM-10882T. T. naphthophila cell size ranges within 2-7 micrometers (\mum) long by 0.7- 1.0 \mum wide. Based on 16S rDNA sequences,Thermotoga petrophila, strain RKU-1, is the closest relative to T.naphthophila. Other close relatives of T. naphthophila include Thermotoga maritima and Thermotoga neapolitan according to 16S rDNA analysis.
It is often necessary for the cremator to break the skull so that it will fit into the urn. The second cervical vertebra is placed in the urn last by the closest relative. Called 'nodobotoke', or 'throat Buddha', it resembles a meditating Buddha. In Eastern Japan, all of the remains are transferred into the urn, whereas in Western Japan, only some of the remains are collected.
Acehnese belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian branch of Austronesian. Acehnese's closest relatives are the other Chamic languages, which are principally spoken in Vietnam and Cambodia. The closest relative of the Chamic family is the Malay language family, which includes languages also spoken in Sumatra such as Minangkabau as well as the national language, Indonesian. Paul Sidwell notes that Acehnese likely has an Austroasiatic substratum.
Ma'anyan or Ma'anjan or Maanyak Dayak is an Austronesian language belonging to the East Barito languages. It is spoken by about 150,000 Ma'anyan people (subgroup of Dayak people) living in the Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. It is closely related to the Malagasy language spoken in Madagascar. The Malagasy language originated from Southeast Barito language, and Ma'anyan language is its closest relative, with numerous Malay and Javanese loanwords.
This maple is common in cultivation although few cultivars are known. A variegated cultivar 'Gotenbanishiki' has been selected in Japan.Ganshukutei Botanic Garden: Acer cissifolium 'Gotenbanishiki' (in Japanese; google translation) Female trees are often propagated by layering and sold in the nursery trade. A. cissifolium is similar to its closest relative A. henryi (rare in cultivation) and its close relative A. negundo (common in cultivation with many cultivars).
The Russian banya is the closest relative of the Finnish sauna. Sometimes they are distinguished by saunas having dry steam and banyas wet steam. However, historically, both types used wet steam. In modern Russian, a sauna is often called a "Finnish banya", though possibly only to distinguish it from other ethnic high-temperature bathing facilities such as Turkish baths referred to as "Turkish banya".
The Himalayan black-lored tit (Machlolophus xanthogenys), also known as simply black-lored tit, is a passerine bird in the tit family Paridae. The yellow- cheeked tit is probably its closest relative, and it may also be related to the yellow tit. These three tits almost certainly form a distinct lineage, as indicated by morphology, and mtDNA cytochrome b sequence analysis (Gill et al., 2005).
The Australian snubfin dolphin (Orcaella heinsohni) is a dolphin found off the northern coasts of Australia. It closely resembles the Irrawaddy dolphin (of the same genus, Orcaella) and was not described as a separate species until 2005. The closest relative to the genus Orcaella is the killer whale, Orcinus orca. The Australian snubfin has three colors on its skin, while the Irrawaddy dolphin only has two.
Albertosaurus is a member of the theropod family Tyrannosauridae, in the subfamily Albertosaurinae. Its closest relative is the slightly older Gorgosaurus libratus (sometimes called Albertosaurus libratus; see below). These two species are the only described albertosaurines; other undescribed species may exist. Thomas Holtz found Appalachiosaurus to be an albertosaurine in 2004, but his more recent unpublished work locates it just outside Tyrannosauridae, in agreement with other authors.
Telopea aspera is one of five species from south eastern Australia which make up the genus Telopea. Its closest relative is the very similar New South Wales waratah (T. speciosissima) from the Sydney region in central New South Wales, from which it was only recognised as a separate species in 1991, having previously been considered an unusual northern population. Initially provisionally called Telopea sp.
C. tetani is classified within the genus Clostridium, a broad group of over 150 species of Gram-positive bacteria. C. tetani falls within a cluster of nearly 100 species that are more closely related to each other than they are to any other genus. This cluster includes other pathogenic Clostridium species such as C. botulinum and C. perfringens. The closest relative to C. tetani is C. cochlearium.
Increasing pressure on agricultural land conversion and from surface water extraction to serve the expanding regional human population is placing downward pressure on this species (as well as other amphibians in the region). However, the species is not considered significantly threatened. Discoglossus scovazzi is listed among "Top 100 EDGE Amphibians". It is believed to have diverged from its closest relative some 5–10 million years ago.
It was thought for some time to be probably extinct, but was rediscovered a few years prior to 1967.Benjamin C. Stone. 1967. "A review of the endemic genera of Hawaiian plants" Botanical Review (Lancaster) 33(3):216-259. Using cladistic methods, phylogenetic studies of DNA have shown that the closest relative of Munroidendron racemosum is Reynoldsia sandwicensis.Gregory M. Plunkett and Porter P. Lowry II. 2010.
As they age they develop up to 20 follicles each that store seeds until opened by fire. Though widely occurring, the species is highly sensitive to dieback and large populations of plants have succumbed to the disease. Collected and described by Robert Brown in the early 19th century, B. speciosa is classified in the series Banksia within the genus. Its closest relative is B. baxteri.
There are a total of four species in the genus Methanohalophilus including Methanohalophilus mahii, Methanohalophilus halophilus, Methanohalophilus portucalensis, and Methanohalophilus euhalobius. The closest relative, Methanohalophilus portucalensis, has a 99.8% similarity in sequence across the whole genome to Methanohalophilus mahii. The other Methanohalophilus species have less than a 94.7% similarity to Methanohalophilus mahii. All species in the genus are halophilic methanogens that contribute to marine ecosystem mineral cycling.
Its closest relative in the genus Columba is the hill pigeon, followed by the other rock pigeons: the snow, speckled, and white-collared pigeons. The official common name is rock dove, as given by the International Ornithological Congress. Pigeon chicks are called squabs. The rock dove was central to Charles Darwins discovery of evolution, and featured in four of his works from 1859 to 1872.
Holotype seen from above Skeletal reconstruction of the known bones Phylogenetic analyzes confirmed Ischioceratops as a leptoceratopsid. Its closest relative taxon has appeared to be Montanoceratops. The following cladogram is based on a 2015 analysis by Yiming He, Peter J. Makovicky, Kebai Wang, Shuqing Chen, Corwin Sullivan, Fenglu Han, Xing XuMichael J. Ryan, David C. Evans, Philip J. Currie, Caleb M. Brown and Don Brinkman.
These CSIs provide evidence that Chlamydiae is the closest relative to Verrucomicrobia, and that they are more closely related to one another than to the Planctomycetales. Verrucomicrobia might belong in the clade Planctobacteria in the larger clade Gracilicutes. In 2008, the whole genome of Methylacidiphilum infernorum (2.3 Mbp) was published. On the single circular chromosome, 2473 predicted proteins were found, 731 of which had no detectable homologs.
The decision to award the medal is taken by the Supreme Commander, usually following a proposal by the Supreme Commander's medal evaluation. The medal may be awarded posthumously and in that case, the medal is presented to the closest relative. The medal shall normally be awarded by the Supreme Commander during ceremoniously events, e.g. on the National Day of Sweden or other appropriate ceremoniously events.
English ornithologist John Latham described the pallid cuckoo in 1801 as Columba pallida "pale pigeon". Sources differ in the genera placement of this species. It is commonly placed in Cuculus, but genetic evidence and its song support its placement in Cacomantis, with its closest relative the white-crowned cuckoo (Cacomantis leucolophus). "Pallid cuckoo" has been designated the official name by the International Ornithological Committee (IOC).
Sterling J. Nesbitt in 2011 found a similar topology, including Rauisuchidae and "Prestosuchidae" ( the latter of which he found to be polyphyletic) within Paracrocodylomorpha. The closest relative of Paracrocodylmorpha to not qualify as a member of the clade is Ticinosuchus, a large predator once considered to qualify as a prestosuchid. The composition of Paracrocodylomorpha generally follows the analysis of Nesbitt (2011) in other recent studies.
Alsophila biformis is a very unusual species, being a climbing or scrambling fern with a very thin trunk. Plants often cling to supporting trees by their roots. The closest relative of this species appears to be Alsophila scandens, which differs only in the shape of its fertile pinnules. Further study is needed to determine whether the two are separate taxa or in fact represent the same species.
Clematepistephium is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains only one known species, Clematepistephium smilacifolium, endemic to the island of New Caledonia.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Its closest relative is Eriaxis,Cameron, K. M. (2009) On the Value of Nuclear and Mitochondrial Gene Sequences for Reconstructing the Phylogeny of Vanilloid Orchids (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Annals of Botany 104 (3): 377–85.
Molecular phylogenetics suggested that the closest relative of the Greek smooth newt is Kosswig's smooth newt (Lissotriton kosswigi) from northwestern Anatolia. The species differs from other species in the smooth newt species complex mainly in the male secondary characters during breeding season. The male dorsal crest is less than 1 mm high and has smooth edges. The belly has many small spots, but the lower tail fin is usually unspotted.
Neck and skull of Royal Ontario Museum skeleton The systematics (evolutionary relationships) of Diplodocidae are becoming better established. Diplodocus has long been regarded as the closest relative of Barosaurus. Barosaurus is monospecific, containing only the type species, B. lentus, while at least three species belong to the genus Diplodocus. Another diplodocid genus, Seismosaurus, is considered by many paleontologists to be a junior synonym of Diplodocus as a possible fourth species.
Richard Salisbury had published the name Hylogyne speciosa in 1809, but Brown's name was nomenclaturally conserved. Telopea speciosissima is one of five species from southeastern Australia which make up the genus Telopea. Its closest relative is the very similar Gibraltar Range waratah (T. aspera) from northern New South Wales, which was only recognised as a separate species in 1995, having previously been considered an unusual northern population of T. speciosissima.
According to linguistic comparative studies, the closest relative of Turkmen is the Azerbaijani language. Elsewhere in Iran, the Turkmen language comes second after the Azerbaijani language in terms of the number of speakers of Turkic languages of Iran. Iraqi and Syrian "Turkmen" speak dialects that form a continuum between Turkish and Azerbaijani, in both cases heavily influenced by Arabic. These varieties are not Turkmen in the sense of this article.
Prunus dictyoneura () is a species of cherry found in Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Ningxia, Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces of China. A shrub 0.3 to 1.0 (occasionally 2.0)m tall, it prefers to grow in thickets in grasslands on hillsides from 400 to 1600 (occasionally 2,300)m above sea level. Chloroplast DNA sequencing has shown that its closest relative is Prunus prostrata, at least as far as chloroplasts are concerned.
Although the bog turtle is similar in appearance to the painted or spotted turtles, its closest relative is actually the somewhat larger wood turtle. The bog turtle can be found from Vermont in the north, south to Georgia, and west to Ohio. Diurnal and secretive, it spends most of its time buried in mud and – during the winter months – in hibernation. The bog turtle is omnivorous, feeding mainly on small invertebrates.
Paphies subtriangulata is a species of edible bivalve clam known as tuatua in the Māori language, a member of the family Mesodesmatidae and endemic to New Zealand. It is found on all three of the main New Zealand islands, buried in fine clean sand on ocean beaches. The large shell is asymmetrical, with the hinge at one side. Its closest relative, the pipi (Paphies australis), has a symmetrical shell.
Portia is in the subfamily Spartaeinae, which is thought to be primitive. Molecular phylogeny, a technique that compares the DNA of organisms to reconstruct the tree of life, indicates that Portia is a member of the clade Spartaeinae, that Spartaeinae is basal (quite similar to the ancestors of all jumping spiders), that Portia′s closest relative is the genus Spartaeus, and that the next closest are Phaeacius and Holcolaetis.
Bucephala clangula Pair Female goldeneye with chicks The common goldeneye (Bucephala clangula) is a medium-sized sea duck of the genus Bucephala, the goldeneyes. Its closest relative is the similar Barrow's goldeneye. The genus name is derived from the Ancient Greek boukephalos ("bullheaded", from bous, "bull " and kephale, "head"), a reference to the bulbous head shape of the bufflehead. The species name is derived from the Latin clangere ("to resound").
The Eastern falanouc (Eupleres goudotii) is a rare mongoose-like mammal in the carnivoran family Eupleridae endemic to Madagascar . It is classified alongside the Western falanouc (Eupleres major), recognized only in 2010, in the genus Eupleres. Falanoucs have several peculiarities. They have no anal or perineal glands (unlike their closest relative, the fanaloka), nonretractile claws, and a unique dentition: the canines and premolars are backwards-curving and flat.
The Atlantic canary was classified by Linnaeus in 1758 in his Systema Naturae. Linnaeus originally classified the Atlantic canary as a subspecies of the European serin and assigned them to the genus Fringilla. Decades later, Cuvier reclassified them into the genus Serinus and there they have remained. The Atlantic canary's closest relative is the European serin, and the two can produce on average 25% fertile hybrids if crossed.
Opossums also eat dog food, cat food and human food waste. Many large opossums (Didelphini) are immune to the venom of rattlesnakes and pit vipers (Crotalinae) and regularly prey upon these snakes. This adaptation seems to be unique to the Didelphini, as their closest relative the brown four-eyed opossum is not immune to snake venom. Similar adaptations are seen in other small predatory mammals such as mongooses and hedgehogs.
It was later returned to its original genus. In 1930, the Stewart Island population was described as a separate species, the blue shag (Stictocarbo steadi), distinguished by its narrow rather than broad white stripe on its head and neck. A 2014 molecular study by Kennedy and Spencer found that the spotted shag belongs to a clade of Old World cormorants. Its closest relative is the Pitt shag (P.
The African parrots, unlike their Neotropical cousins, are polyphyletic: Agapornis of Africa and Madagascar was found to be the sister group to Loriculus of Australasia and Indo-Malayasia and together they clustered with the Australasian Loriinae, Cyclopsittacini and Melopsittacus. Poicephalus and Psittacus from mainland Africa formed the sister group of the Neotropical Arinae and Coracopsis from Madagascar and adjacent islands may be the closest relative of Psittrichas from New Guinea.
The genus formerly contained the species Rhabdognathus compressus, which was reassigned to Congosaurus compressus after analysis of the lower jaw of a specimen found that it was more similar to that of the species Congosaurus bequaerti. Rhabdognathus is believed to be the closest relative to the extinct Atlantosuchus.Jouve, S., B. Bouya, and M. Amaghzaz (2008). A long-snouted dyrosaurid (Crocodyliformes, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Paleocene of Morocco: phylogenetic and palaoebiogeographic implications.
Morphological and allozyme analyses have agreed that the common thresher is basal to the clade formed by the bigeye thresher and the pelagic thresher (A. pelagicus). The closest relative of this species within the family may be a fourth, unrecognized thresher shark species off Baja California, reported from allozyme evidence by Blaise Eitner in 1995. However, the existence of this fourth species has yet to be confirmed by other sources.
Three endangered species are so distinctive they have been classified in their own monotypic genera. The endangered Pentactina rupicola of the family Rosaceae is found only near the summit of Mount Geumgang in Kangwon Province. The only member of its genus, its relationships have been unclear, though molecular testing suggests its closest relative is the North American genus Petrophytum. Abeliophyllum distichum is a critically endangered plant from the central Korean peninsula.
Its closest relative is the Danube crested newt (T. dobrogicus). Although today the most widespread Triturus species, the northern crested newt was probably confined to small refugial areas in the Carpathians during the Last Glacial Maximum. While the International Union for the Conservation of Nature lists it as Least Concern species, populations of the northern crested newt have been declining. The main threat is habitat destruction, for example, through urban sprawl.
Like its closest relative, the Oriental whipsnake (Ahaetulla prasina), D. philippina is also known to be a parthenogenic species. Parthenogenesis is rare among snakes but is known to exist. Majority of wild-caught specimens are females but males also occur. Mating usually begins around November up until January, where it lays 2 to 6 eggs in a single clutch, usually deposited between tree trunks and exposed tree barks.
The Papuan black snake is one of several species in the genus Pseudechis commonly known as black snakes. It was described in 1878 by Wilhelm Peters and Giacomo Doria in 1878 from material collected in southeastern New Guinea. A study of mitochondrial DNA showed the Papuan black snake to be the next closest relative to a pair of Australian species, Collett's Snake (P. collettii) and the blue-bellied black snake (P.
"From capsules to nutlets — phylogenetic relationships in the Boraginales". Cladistics 30(5):508-518. . By comparing the DNA sequences of selected genes, the authors of that study showed that Hoplestigma is related to members of Boraginaceae subfamily Cordioideae, and they recommended that Hoplestigma be placed in that subfamily. Other authors have suggested that, while Hoplestigma is the closest relative of Cordioideae, it should perhaps not be placed within it.
Retrieved 15 September 2011. While all bears are short-tailed, the polar bear's tail is relatively the shortest amongst living bears, ranging from in length. Compared with its closest relative, the brown bear, the polar bear has a more elongated body build and a longer skull and nose. As predicted by Allen's rule for a northerly animal, the legs are stocky and the ears and tail are small.
Studies have shown that the closest relative to both the jaguarundi and cougar is the modern cheetah of Africa and Western Asia. The relationship of the cheetah to the jaguarundi is still being debated. One theory is that ancestors of the cheetah separated from the Puma lineage in the Americas, and migrated back to Asia and Africa. Another idea is that the cheetah diverged from the lineage in Asia and Africa.
Melbourne FC announced its "150 Heroes" to celebrate its 150th anniversary at Crown Casino on 7 June 2008. Each player, or their closest relative, was presented with an official 150 heroes medallion. The criteria for inclusion was games played (minimum of 100), best-and-fairest awards, premierships, Brownlow Medals, contribution to the club and state representation. Those who died in the war were judged based on their achievements before their death.
Banksia marginata resolves as the closest relative, or "sister", to B. saxicola, the two taxa part of a larger group containing B. paludosa and the three subspecies of B. integrifolia. Early in 2007, Mast and Thiele rearranged the genus Banksia by merging Dryandra into it, and published B. subg. Spathulatae for the taxa having spoon-shaped cotyledons; thus B. subg. Banksia was redefined as encompassing taxa lacking spoon-shaped cotyledons.
The greater yellowlegs is similar in appearance to the smaller lesser yellowlegs. Its closest relative, however, is the greenshank, which together with the spotted redshank form a close-knit group. Among them, these three species show all the basic leg and foot colors found in the shanks, demonstrating that this character is paraphyletic. They are also the largest shanks apart from the willet, which is altogether more robustly built.
Its legs were long and slender for such a large bird, but the pelvis was compact and stout. It differed from the Rodrigues rail, its closest relative, in having a proportionately shorter humerus, a narrower and longer skull, and having shorter and higher nostrils. They differed considerably in plumage, based on early descriptions. The red rail was also larger, with somewhat smaller wings, but their leg proportions were similar.
Increasing brain size has also been significant in human evolution. It began to increase around 2.4 million years ago but modern levels of brain size were not attained until after 500,000 years ago. Zoological analyses have shown that the size of human brains is significantly larger than what you would expect for their size. The human brain is in fact three to four times larger than its closest relative - the chimpanzee.
Another common name for this species is the curry shark. Phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA have found that the hammerheads with the smallest cephalofoils are the most derived members of their lineage. The closest relative of the smalleye hammerhead appears to be the scoophead (S. media), and the two of them in turn form a clade with the sister species pair of the scalloped bonnethead (S.
Retrieved on February 12, 2009. in reference to the distinct white fin margins.Bray, Dianne J. (2011) Silvertip Shark, Carcharhinus albimarginatus (Rüppell 1837), in Fishes of Australia In 1960, a -long immature male caught off Ras Muhammad in the Red Sea was designated as the type specimen. Based on similarities in morphology, tooth shape, and vertebral characters, Garrick (1982) proposed the grey reef shark as the closest relative of the silvertip shark.
A few Taino words are still used by English or Spanish-speaking descendants in these islands. The Taíno language was scantily attested but its classification within the Arawakan family is uncontroversial. Its closest relative among the better attested Arawakan languages seems to be the Goajiro language, spoken in Colombia. Scholars have suggested that the Goajiro are descended from Taíno refugees, but the theory seems impossible to prove or disprove.
They initially placed the genus in its own subtribe, Triuniinae, within the tribe Helicieae. More recently, the genus has placed in the tribe Roupaleae, Its closest relative is Eucarpha,Sauquet, H., P. H. Weston, C. J. Anderson, N. P. Barker, D. J. Cantrill, A. R. Mast, and Savolainen, V. (2009). Contrasted Patterns of Hyperdiversifaction in Mediterranean Hotspots. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 106 (1): 221–25.
The Antipodes parakeet was depicted in 1831 by the English artist Edward Lear in his Illustrations of the Family of Psittacidae, or Parrots. Lear used the common name "Uniform parakeet" and coined the binomial name Platycercus unicolor. The species is now placed in the genus Cyanoramphus that was introduced in 1854 by the French ornithologist Charles Lucien Bonaparte. Its closest relative is Reischek's parakeet, which also lives on the Antipodes Islands.
The Kakadu dunnart (Sminthopsis bindi) is a dunnart first described in 1994 and whose closest relative is the Carpentarian dunnart. It typically has a body length of 50-85mm with a tail 60-105mm long, for a total length between 110-190mm. It weighs between 10-25g, placing it in the mid-range of dunnarts. Its colour is grey, gingery on the upper body and underbelly, with white feet.
Titanogomphdon is an extinct genus of diademodontid cynodonts from the Middle Triassic Omingonde Formation of Namibia. It is known from a single partial skull that was described in 1973 from the Omingonde Formation. The type and only species is Titanogomphodon crassus. At about , the skull of Titanogomphodon was significantly larger than that of its closest relative, Diademodon (hundreds of skulls of Diademodon are known and none exceed in length).
Upon arrival, the women were stripped naked, sprayed down with water and forced to change into prison suits. Women were given no way to contact their families-- not even their closest relative. They were permitted three showers a week with the same bar of soap shared amongst all prisoners. They were fed a diet of half cooked vegetables, rice, sour cornbread and “rancid soup with worms in it”.
As determined by 16S rRNA sequencing, M. orale is a bacterium belonging to the genus Mycoplasma. Its closest relative within the genus is M. salivarius, while its most distant is M. mycoides. M. orale and M. salivarius have both been observed in the human oral cavity, evidencing their close proximity in the genus Mycoplasma. Of the over 100 documented species in the genus Mycoplasma, 14 are known pathogens to humans.
The Brazilian genus Drymoreomys, named in 2011, is probably the closest relative of Eremoryzomys. Eremoryzomys has a limited distribution in the dry upper valley of the Marañón River in central Peru, but may yet contain more than one species. A large, long-tailed rice rat, with head and body length of , E. polius has gray fur and short ears. There are well-developed ungual tufts of hair on the hindfeet.
A systematic revision has seen the species placed in a subgeneric arrangement as Macropus (Notamacropus) greyi, recognising an affinity with eight other species of the subgenus named as Notamacropus Dawson and Flannery, 1985. An arrangement that elevates the subgenera of Macropus is recognised as Notamacropus greyi. A genetic analysis found that its closest relative is the western brush wallaby. The common names have also included monkeyface and onetwo.
They inhabited montane dry forests dominated by akoko (Euphorbia species) and ōpuhe (Urera glabra). The Lānai hookbill was monotypic within the genus Dysmorodrepanis and had no known subspecies. Its closest relative is believed to be the ōū, and some early authors suggested that the Lānai hookbill was merely a deformed ōū. The Lānai hookbill was a plump, medium-sized bird with greenish olive upperparts and pale whitish yellow underparts.
Tylomelania is a genus of freshwater snails which have an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Pachychilidae. In the aquarium hobby, snails from this genus are commonly known as "rabbit snails" (not to be confused with sea hares). A sister group (the closest relative) of Tylomelania is genus Pseudopotamis (2 species living on the Torres Strait Islands).von Rintelen T., Stelbrink B. Marwoto R. M. & Glaubrecht M. (2014).
Catharus is a genus of birds in the thrush family Turdidae. It contains the small, mostly insectivorous or omnivorous migrant thrushes of North America and the nightingale-thrushes of Central and South America. Its closest relative is the wood thrush of the monotypic genus Hylocichla,Winker, Kevin & Pruett, Christin L. (2006): "Seasonal migration, speciation, and morphological convergence in the avian genus Catharus (Turdidae). " Auk 123(4): 1052-1068.
The Guanian cock-of-the-rock is one of two species of genus Rupicola. It was described by Carl Linnaeus in 1766 as the type species of its genus. Its closest relative and congener, the Andean cock-of-the-rock (Rupicola peruvianus), is similar in body shape and colouration, though the two are wholly allopatric from each other. Their closest family relatives are the Red cotingas (Genus Phoenicircus).
The long-billed murrelet feeds at sea principally on small fish, both in pelagic offshore areas (often associating with upwellings), and inshore in protected bays. It tends to migrate more than its closest relative the marbled murrelet. The breeding behaviour of the long-billed murrelet is very unusual. Unlike most other seabirds, it does not breed in colonies or even necessarily close to the sea, instead nesting in on branches of old- growth conifers.
The genus Ramphocelus was introduced by the French zoologist Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest in 1805. The name combines the Ancient Greek words "bill" and "concave". The crimson-collared tanager is sometimes placed in a genus of its own as Phlogothraupis sanguinolenta (Howell and Webb 1995), and a genetic study suggests that it is less closely related to the other Ramphocelus tanagers than they are to each other (Hackett 1996). Its closest relative is masked crimson tanager.
The next closest relative outside the genus is the much larger, but similarly marked, blue-faced honeyeater. More recently, DNA analysis has shown honeyeaters to be related to the Pardalotidae (pardalotes), Acanthizidae (Australian warblers, scrubwrens, thornbills, etc.), and the Maluridae (Australian fairy-wrens) in the large superfamily Meliphagoidea. Gilbert's honeyeater, found in southwest Western Australia, was initially described as a separate species by John Gould in 1844,Gould, J. (1848). The Birds of Australia.
It is one of over 40 member species of the genus Rhipidura, commonly known as the fantails. Within the genus it belongs to a group of five closely related species: R. rufidorsa, R. brachyrhyncha, R. dahli, R. teysmanni and R. dryas. A molecular phylogeny study showed the Arafura fantail (Rhipidura dryas) to be its closest relative. It forms a superspecies with R. dryas and R. semirubra, and all three are often considered conspecific.
Compared to Camarasaurus, the teeth at the front of the jaw are more pointed and have taller crowns. There are no well-developed vertical ridges on the outer surface of the teeth, in contrast to its closest relative Moabosaurus. In Mierasaurus, the skull roof is overall flattened, lacking any convexities. Unlike more derived sauropods but also seen in Turiasaurus, the frontal bone of Mierasaurus participates in the margin of the supratemporal fenestra.
Molecular studies have found the hamerkop to be the closest relative of the shoebill. The shoebill was known to both ancient Egyptians and Arabs, but was not classified until the 19th century, after skins and eventually live specimens were brought to Europe. John Gould described it in 1850, giving it the name Balaeniceps rex. The genus name comes from the Latin words balaena "whale", and caput "head", abbreviated to -ceps in compound words.
Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family Macedonian belongs to the eastern group of the South Slavic branch of Slavic languages in the Indo-European language family, together with Bulgarian and the extinct Old Church Slavonic. Some authors also classify the Torlakian dialects in this group. Macedonian's closest relative is Bulgarian followed by Serbo-Croatian and Slovene, although the last is more distantly related. Together, South Slavic languages form a dialect continuum.
Emmet Crawford's Grave in Arlington Crawford's body was exhumed and reburied in Kearney, Nebraska, where his younger brother Zachary lived. Emmet had never married and Zachary and his family were his closest relatives. It was one of the largest funerals Nebraska had ever seen. In 1908, Crawford's former comrades, by then including many generals, were granted permission by his closest relative, sister-in-law Caroline Crawford, to have his body moved to Arlington National Cemetery.
John Crawfurd married Margaret, daughter of John Blair of that Ilk,Paterson, Page 294 although Dobie records her as being the daughter of James, Earl of Glencairn.Dobie, Page 232 Cornelius Crawfurd of Jordanhill was the closest relative, however his youngest daughter Maragaret Crawfurd inherited the estate of Kilbirnie. In 1810 John Crawfurd assumed the name Lindsay and claimed to be descended from the Hon. James Crawfurd, third son of the first Viscount Garnock.
The Macedonian language () is a member of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages. Standard Macedonian was implemented as the official language of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia after being codified in the 1940s, and has accumulated a thriving literary tradition. The closest relative of Macedonian is Bulgarian, followed by Serbo-Croatian. All the South Slavic languages, including Macedonian, form a dialect continuum, in which Macedonian is situated between Bulgarian and Serbian.
The genus Mickelia was erected in 2010, following a molecular phylogenetic study of the bolbitidoid ferns, based on DNA sequences of the chloroplast intergenic spacers trnL-F and rps4-trnS. Mickelia was named for the American pteridologist John Thomas Mickel, who contributed much regarding Elaphoglossum, the closest relative of Mickelia. Six species of Mickelia had previously been in the genus Bolbitis. Mickelia pradoi and Mickelia furcata were first described in the paper that established Mickelia.
The rufous-collared thrush (Turdus rufitorques) is a species of bird in the family Turdidae. It is endemic to highlands of Middle America, south of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, occurring in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Chiapas state in Mexico. Its closest relative is the American robin, and like that species, it is found in varied habitats, from towns to forest. It is, however, restricted to highland areas with at least some trees.
Barbara J. King argues that human beings have an emotional connection with those around them, and that that desire for a connection came from their evolution from apes. The closest relative to the human species is the African ape. At birth, the ape begins negotiating with its mother about what it wants and needs in order to survive. The world the ape is born into is saturated with close family and friends.
Mesomys is a member of the Echimyini clade of arboreal Echimyidae rodents. The closest relative of Mesomys is Lonchothrix, reflecting the fact that these taxa have once been classified in the Eumysopinae, a subfamily now recognized as an artificial assemblage. These two genera share phylogenetic affinities with several taxa and clades: (i) Echimys, Phyllomys, Makalata, Pattonomys, and Toromys ; (ii) the bamboo rats Dactylomys, Olallamys, Kannabateomys together with Diplomys and Santamartamys ; and (iii) Isothrix.
Details explaining this discrepancy are not yet known. The closest relative to B. strataria is the peppered moth (Biston betularia), which also has two forms. The proportion of melanics is higher in B. betularia compared to B. strataria. This is unusual since, between the two species, it is B. strataria that should have a greater evolutionary selection for the prevalence of melanic individuals due to the higher pollution concentrations in the area.
Thiele and Ladiges found B. dryandroides to be sister (that is, the next closest relative) to a clade containing B. ser. Abietinae and B. tricuspis (Lesueur Banksia). Since this placement was consistent with the placement of B. dryandroides alone in a series, and on the stated principle that "[n]omenclatural changes from the currently accepted classification are minimised", Thiele and Ladiges retained George's circumscription of B. ser. Dryandroideae as containing only B. dryandroides.
The genus is known from a partial hind limb found in beds of the Upper Cretaceous Las Curtiembres Formation. It was named by Fernando Emilio Novas, Federico Lisandro Agnolín and Carlos Agustín Scanferla in 2010, and the type species is Intiornis inexpectatus. Intiornis was the size of a sparrow, thus representing the smallest enantiornithes known from South America. Its closest relative was Soroavisaurus from the Lecho Formation (Maastrichtian age) of northwestern Argentina.
This species has a spiny stipe, which is covered with a woolly layer of scales. There appear to be two forms with different scales; either dark glossy brown with a broad paler margin and fragile edges, or small, brown and finely fringed. Sori are covered by thin, fragile indusia and occur near the midvein of fertile pinnules. The closest relative of A. alpicola is thought to be Alsophila polycarpa, which differs by lacking spines altogether.
Channa royi, the Andaman emerald snakehead, is a species of snakehead fish endemic to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India. This dwarf snakehead is distinct from other snakehead species due to its differing coloration, number of vertebrae, and teeth, most notably its greenish-gray dorsum. It was only scientifically described in 2018 and its closest relative is the Burmese snakehead (C. hartcourtbutleri), and a review in 2019 argued that the two are synonyms.
An early attempt to access 4,7-dihydroisoindole — the closest relative of thermodynamically unstable isoindole was performed 1985. It was based on the classical Paal-Knorr synthesis under conditions which probably harmed the electron-rich pyrrole ring. Observed instability of 4,7-dihydroisoindole led researchers to conclude that it was not a useful intermediate in the porphyrin chemistry. 400 px It turned out that changing the conditions made it possible to isolate 4,7-dihydroisoindole.
Claytonia tuberosa, commonly known as Beringian springbeauty, is a species of flowering plant in the family Montiaceae. It is a perennial herb indigenous to Alaska, British Columbia, Northwest Territories, and the Yukon of North America, westward to East Asia–Siberia. The perennial grows from a globose tuberous root to a height of and bears several hermaphrodite white flowers on stems bearing a single pair of petiolate cauline leaves. Probably its closest relative is Claytonia virginica.
A 1996 Analysis of the cytochrome b gene of mitochondrial DNA showed that Steller's sea eagle diverged from a lineage that gave rise to the bald eagle and white-tailed eagle around 3 to 4 million years ago. All three have yellow eyes, beaks, and talons, unlike their next-closest relative, Pallas's fish eagle. This species is monotypic, although a dubious subspecies has been named; H. p. niger.Etymology: niger, Latin for "black".
The common names "Arctic cod" and "polar cod" can refer to either Arctogadus glacialis or Boreogadus saida, and "Arctic cod" may also refer to Eleginus nawaga. Another Arctic gadid, the East Siberian cod (Arctogadus borisovi), was until recently considered the closest relative of A. glacialis. It has, however, been found not to be distinct from A. glacialis, and should be included in this species. According to this result, Arctogadus is a monotypic genus.
No subspecies are recognised. It has been difficult to distinguish from the similar T. mongaensis, but microscopic analysis has revealed that T. oreades has features termed sclereids while T. mongaensis does not. The two are sister species, and their next closest relative is the Tasmanian waratah (T. truncata). A disjunct northern population of T. oreades grows together with T. mongaensis in the southern Monga Valley in southern New South Wales, with some hybrids reported.
The horned puffin (Fratercula corniculata) is an auk found in the North Pacific Ocean, including the coasts of Alaska, Siberia and British Columbia. It is a pelagic seabird that feeds primarily by diving for fish. It nests in colonies, often with other auks. It is similar in appearance to the Atlantic puffin, its closest relative of the North Atlantic, but differs by a "horn" of black skin located above the eye, present in adult birds.
The northern crested newt sometimes hybridises with other crested newt species where their ranges meet, but overall, the different species are reproductively isolated. In a case study in the Netherlands, genes of the introduced Italian crested newt (T. carnifex) were found to introgress into the gene pool of the native northern crested newt. The closest relative of the northern crested newt, according to molecular phylogenetic analyses, is the Danube crested newt (T. dobrogicus).
Testing of the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA of Australian members of the genus Petroica suggests that the red-capped robin's closest relative within the genus is the scarlet robin. Officially known as the red-capped robin, it has also been referred to as redhead, redcap, robin red-breast or red-throated robin. Kuburi is a name used in the Kimberley. Across southwestern Australia, it was known as menekedang by the local indigenous people.
Hartwrightia is classified in the subtribe Liatrinae of the tribe Eupatorieae, along with, for example, Liatris, Carphephorus, and Garberia. Molecular data, while placing Hartwrightia firmly within subtribe Liatrinae, give mixed results regarding its closest relative. The nuclear ITS/ETS regions place it firmly with Trilisa, with which it shares multiple synapomorphies but also differs at multiple sites. In contrast, it is almost an exact match in the plastid DNA sequences with Carphephorus corymbosus.
The roloway monkey is similar to other species of guenons. Like its closest relative, C. diana, its face and much of its fur are black, but is distinguished by its lengthy beard and broader diadem-like browband. It has a white beard, chest, and throat; white stripe runs along each thigh and a deep reddish or orange patch is on its back. On the inside of the thighs, the fur is whitish, yellowish, or reddish.
The next closest relative to the pair is the Tasmanian waratah (T. truncata). The genus lies in the subtribe Embothriinae, along with the tree waratahs (Alloxylon) from eastern Australia and New Caledonia, and Oreocallis and Chilean firetree (Embothrium coccineum) from South America. Almost all these species have red terminal flowers, and hence the subtribe's origin and floral appearance must predate the splitting of Gondwana into Australia, Antarctica, and South America over 60 million years ago.
The paper referred only Stratiotosuchus maxhechti and Baurusuchus to the subfamily, making Stratiotosuchus Baurusuchus' closest relative so far. However, a study in the year 2014 referred a new species called Aplestosuchus sordidus to the subfamily, but supported a closer relationship of Baurususchus with Stratiotosuchus than with it. The species B. albertoi is an exception. The paper does not support its affiliation to Baurusuchus and views it as a close relative of Aplestosuchus.
Reindeer, Siberian roe deer and moose were already present; Yakutian horses, muskox, Altai wapiti and wisent were reintroduced. Reintroduction is also planned for yak, Bactrian camels, snow sheep, Saiga antelope, and Siberian tigers. The wood bison, the closest relative of the ancient bison which became extinct in Siberia 1,000 to 2,000 years ago, is an important species for the ecology of Siberia. In 2006, 30 bison calves were flown from Edmonton, Alberta to Yakutsk.
The sika deer may interbreed with the red deer, the closest relative; hybrid descendants may have adaptive advantages over purebred relatives. In Nara Prefecture, Japan, the deer are also known as "bowing deer", as they bow their heads before being fed special . However, deer bow heads to signal that they are about to headbutt. Therefore, when a human 'bows' to a deer, the deer assume the same stance and may charge and injure the human.
Based on her analysis, S. coccinea is part of a clade that includes the species S. austriaca, S. macaronesica, S. knixoniana and S. humberiana. All of these Sarcoscypha species have numerous, small oil droplets in their spores. Its closest relative, S. macaronesica, is found on the Canary Islands and Madeira; Harrington hypothesized that the most recent common ancestor of the two species originated in Europe and was later dispersed to the Macaronesian islands.
When a person died at home, family members and intimate friends gathered around the death bed. In accordance with a belief that equated the soul with the breath, the closest relative gave the last goodbye to the passing of spirit from the body with a last kiss, and closed the eyes. The relatives began lamentations, calling on the deceased by name. The body was then placed on the ground, washed, and anointed.
The specific melanocephala is from Ancient Greek melas, "black", and kephale, "head". Together with Menetries' warbler the Sardinian warbler forms a superspecies. Both have white malar areas and light throats, and otherwise black heads in adult males, as well as a naked ring around the eye. The subalpine warbler, which seems the superspecies' closest relative, has a dark throat and breast and a dark gray upper head in males, but otherwise shares these characters.
Shringasaurus is recognised as a member of the family Azendohsauridae, and as the closest relative of Azendohsaurus itself. The family is typically grouped within the recently recognised clade Allokotosauria, along with the trilophosaurids, as was recovered by Sengupta and colleagues when they described Shringasaurus and analysed its phylogenetic relationships in 2017. Another analysis of archosauromorph relationships in 2019 that used a different dataset from Sengupta et al. (2017)—that of Pritchard et al.
Annie, left orphaned after the death of her mother, goes to live in an orphanage where she tells her fellow orphans stories of ghosts and goblins. The matron of the orphanage finds Annie's closest relative, the abusive Uncle Thomp. Her uncle who puts her to hard work doing hard labor on his farm, belittling her all the while. Big Dave, a neighbor and tough cow-poke sees this and comes to her aid.
The yellowhammer is common in open areas with some shrubs or trees, and forms small flocks in winter. Its song has a rhythm like "A little bit of bread and no cheese". The song is very similar to that of its closest relative, the pine bunting, with which it interbreeds. Breeding commences mainly in April and May, with the female building a lined cup nest in a concealed location on or near the ground.
The Jonah crab (Cancer borealis) is a marine brachyuran crab that inhabits waters along the east coast of North America from Newfoundland to Florida. Jonah crabs possess a rounded, rough-edged carapace with small light spots, and robust claws with dark brown-black tips. The maximum reported carapace width for males is 222 mm, while females rarely exceed 150 mm. It is the closest relative to the European brown crab in the Western Atlantic.
Elisabeth Charlotte however, following her mother's advice, remained silent. In 1708, Leopold had claimed the Duchy of Montferrat as the closest relative of his cousin, Charles III Gonzaga, erstwhile Duke of Mantua, who had been deposed and then died without male issue. However, the Emperor had already promised Montferrat to the Dukes of Savoy but wishing to compensate the House of Lorraine, he gave the Duchy of Teschen in Silesia to Leopold.
In 1825, James Francis Stephens moved this and other small, short- tailed New World swifts to the genus Chaetura, where it has since remained, although some authorities in the 1800s assigned it to a variety of now obsolete genera. It has no subspecies. The chimney swift's closest relative is Vaux's swift. Scientists believe that the two species evolved from a common ancestor that was forced to North America's southeastern and southwestern corners by glacial advances.
Birri (Bviri) is a nearly extinct, possibly Central Sudanic language of CAR and South Sudan. According to Boyeldieu (2010), its classification as Central Sudanic has yet to be demonstrated, but Starostin (2016) finds its closest relative to be Kresh. There are two main varieties of Birri, Mboto and Munga. In 1911, a few thousand people were reported in Rafaï, Central African Republic, with a marginal population further to the east in Obo.
When Louis XIV died in 1715, the future Louis XV, his great-great-son, was five years old. According to custom Philippe of Orléans, the closest relative, would govern France as regent. However, Louis XIV made a will in which he appointed a regency council dominated by his favourite but illegitimate son Louis-Auguste, Duke of Maine. The king gave this will to d'Avaux, the premier président for safe-keeping in August 1714.
Probably, it laid eggs in a leathery pouch like other rabbit fish, but no occurrences of this have been recorded. Edaphodon had a sloping head and a mouth on its underside, allowing it to graze along the bottom of the ocean like a land-dwelling herbivore, but actually it was feeding on small benthic animals. The closest relative of Edaphodon was Ischyodus. A possibility exists that remains known as E. kawai actually belong to Ischyodus.
The Antarctic toothfish is noteworthy, like most other Antarctic notothenioids, for producing antifreeze glycoproteins, a feature not seen in its closest relative, the Patagonian toothfish, which typically inhabits slightly warmer waters. The presence of antifreeze glycroproteins allows the Antarctic toothfish (and other notothenioids) to thrive in subzero waters of the Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica. The Antarctic toothfish's voracious appetite also is important in coping with cold water.Roberts, J.; Xavier, J.C.; and Agnew, D.L. (2011).
The draft genome analysis identified nine Hox genes, which are Ci-Hox1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, and 13. Ciona savignyi, the closest relative of Ciona intestinalis, also have the same set of Hox genes. The organization of Hox genes is only known for C. intestinalis among ascidians. The nine Hox genes are located on two chromosomes; Ci-Hox1 to 10 on one chromosome and Ci-Hox12 and 13 on another.
Two strains of KBR were isolated in Microtus fortis trapped in the Khabarovsk region of far- eastern Russia. The nucleotide sequences revealed that the two isolates were closely related to each other but distinct from all other hantaviruses. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these strains form a separate branch in the Hantavirus tree, positioned between the branches of Prospect Hill and Puumala viruses. Puumala virus was the closest relative, both genetically and serologically.
Genomic analyses such as sequence analysis on mRNA or mitochondria DNA have been employed to investigate its lifecycle. mRNA analysis of each life stage showed that a stage-specific gene in the medusae stage is expressed tenfold more than in other stages. This gene is relative to a Wnt signal that can induce a regeneration process upon injury. Analysis of nucleotide sequence homologs and protein homologs identified Nemopsis bachei as the species' closest relative.
Smith had been sent a specimen by Surgeon-General White, which flowered in 1798. He went on to publish a fuller description accompanied by an illustration by James Sowerby in 1805. Kevin Thiele and Pauline Ladiges published a phylogenetic study based on morphology and came up with the smudgy apple (Angophora woodsiana) as the dwarf apple's closest relative. Brooker and colleagues consider it to be more closely related to the broad-leaved apple (A. subvelutina).
The Chatham shag (Leucocarbo onslowi), also known as the Chatham Island shag, is a species of bird in the cormorant and shag family, Phalacrocoracidae. It is endemic to the Chatham Islands of New Zealand. For a long time the species was placed in the genus Phalacrocorax; today it is mostly placed with the other blue-eyed shags of New Zealand and Antarctica in the genus Leucocarbo. Its closest relative is the Otago shag of South Island.
This medium-sized eagle is very similar in general appearance to its closest relative the lesser spotted eagle, which shares part of its range. Head and wing coverts are very dark brown and contrast with the generally medium brown plumage; the lesser spotted eagle has a paler head and wing coverts. The head is small for an eagle. The similarities of the greater spotted to the lesser spotted often results in misidentification as being that species.
It is relatively long winged and long tailed, having the longest wing and tail relative to its body size of any raptor occurring in North America. The northern harrier has been split from the hen harrier by some taxonomists based on genetic analysis. It breeds in North America and its closest relative is the Cinereous Harrier (C. cinereus). The male's plumage is darker grey than that of the hen harrier and the female is also darker and more rufous.
The head lacks a well- defined post-orbital stripe. The belly is a uniform pale yellow or cream. and also 9.8 m The name "lancehead" refers to the distinctive head shape of all snakes in the genus Bothrops, which is somewhat elongated and comes to a point at the nose. B. insularis also has a longer tail than its closest relative, B. jararaca, which is most likely an adaptation to help the snake maneuver through the trees.
The Chinese red pika was formerly regarded as a subgenus of Pika, included first with Ochotona gloveri and later with Ochotona rutila until they were determined to be separate species (mammal species). The pika species O. gloveri is believed to be the closest relative to O. erythrotis. The two species are considered to have an allopatric relationship. Differences between O. erythrotic, O. gloveri, and O. rutila are primarily seen in the shape of the skull and in fur color.
As more people drank sencha, the popularity of the tetsubin grew. The tetsubin is most probably not an original design, but rather shaped by other kettles around at the time. The five closest relatives to the tetsubin are the tedorikama, the toyama, the mizusosogi, the dobin, and the yakkan. The yakkan is the closest relative to the tetsubin, the main difference is that the yakkan is made from copper, whereas tetsubins are traditionally made out of iron.
When introduced, the Class 56s were arguably the first of the "second generation" of UK diesel locomotives. The engine is a direct descendant of English Electric CSVT types, its closest relative being the 16CSVT used in the Class 50. Technical advances included significantly uprated turbochargers, gear driven camshafts in place of the timing chain used on Class 50s, and uprated cylinder heads, fuel pumps and injectors. The engine was nominally rated at , but was set at for rail use.
The closest living relative of the rover fireflies is not yet determined with certainty. In morphology, they resemble their predators, the Photurinae, but they are quite certainly not at all closely related as fireflies go. Rather, the genus Ellychnia is either the closest relative of Photinus, or might even be included in it. Ellychnia are notable for having lost the ability to produce light again, and like the ancestors of all fireflies, communicate with pheromones only.
The Bagvalal language (Bagulal) is an Avar–Andic language spoken by the Bagvalals in southwestern Dagestan, Russia, along the right bank of the river Andi-Koisu and the surrounding hills, near the Georgian border. It is fairly similar to Tindi, its closest relative. The 2010 Russian census recorded 1,450 Bagvalal speakers. The tradition and culture of the Bagvalal people is very similar to that of the Avar people, due to their common history within the Avar Khanate.
It underwent a drastic morphological transformation as it aged: while juveniles were toothed, these teeth were completely lost and replaced by a beak with age. Several of these features were convergently similar to the later ornithomimid theropods as well as the earlier non-dinosaurian shuvosaurids. Limusaurus was the first known member of the group Ceratosauria from Asia. It belonged to the Noasauridae, a family of small and lightly built ceratosaurs, along with its closest relative Elaphrosaurus.
Its closest relative within the Bichon group is the Maltese but it is unclear as to whether the Maltese is its direct ancestor or descendant. The Bolognese are named after Bologna, a city in northern Italy, thought to be the place of the breed's establishment. The existence of the Bolognese has been recorded since the year 1200. Bolognese dogs may be seen in tapestry work produced by Flemish craftsmen dating as far back as the 17th century.
Ulf Fase was probably the son of jarl Charles the Deaf (Karl Döve) and member the house of Folkung (Folkungaätten). After jarl Charles had been killed during the Swedish attack against Estonians at the Battle of Lihula in 1220, Ulf as his closest relative was soon selected as the new jarl. An ephemeral jarl may have served briefly before Ulf's appointment. Before the death of King John I of Sweden in 1222, Ulf certainly held the office.
The closest relative of Lasiognathus is Thaumatichthys, which also has enlarged and hinged premaxillaries, escal denticles, and a branched upper operculum. However, there are significant differences between those two taxa as well, which includes characters that Lasiognathus shares with the oneirodids not found in Thaumatichthys. Bertelsen and Struhsaker (1977) noted that, given the undefined cladistics of the Oneirodidae, it was somewhat subjective whether Lasiognathus and Thaumatichthys were placed in their own family, in separate families, or in the Oneirodidae.
Front part of skeleton Recent studies have aimed to clarify the ambiguity surrounding the taxonomic classification of Casea broilii and its closest relative Eocasea martini. Part of this effort has included an analysis of the two species currently comprising the genus, C. nicholsi and C. broilii. C. nicholsi is closely related to Caseodides because of the proportions on the tibia and fibula. C. broilii were identified as occupying a more basal position relative to other Caseids.
The relationships of the flamecrest or Taiwan firecrest (Regulus goodfellowi) of Taiwan have also been a source of much debate. It is sometimes viewed as a race of firecrest, but its territorial song resembles those of the Himalayan races of goldcrest, and genetic data show that it is the closest relative of that species, and, despite its alternative name, only distantly related to the firecrest. The flamecrest diverged from the goldcrest 3.0–3.1 mya (million years ago).
Tiago Gregório Homem da Costa Noronha, the last captain-major of Topo and closest relative of the seventh captain- major António da Silveira Ávila, constructed the manor during the mid eighteenth to mid nineteenth centuries. The solar contains a chapel predating the eighteenth-century manor house. This chapel is also known as the hermitage of São Lázaro (Saint Lazarus). Flemish merchant and early Azorean settler Willem van der Haegen was buried in this chapel in the early 1500s.
The western square-tailed drongo (Dicrurus occidentalis) is a species of drongo found in western Africa, where it is distributed from Senegal to the portion of Nigeria west of the Niger River. Its preferred habitat is secondary forest and gallery forest. The western square-tailed drongo was first described in 2018 based on a genetic and morphological study of African drongos. Its closest relative is Sharpe's drongo (Dicrurus sharpei), from which it diverged about 1.3 million years ago.
A 2013 molecular study by Marcel Cardillo and colleagues using chloroplast DNA and combining it with earlier results reaffirmed B. saxicola and B. marginata as each other's closest relatives, and that B. integrifolia was the next closest relative. Early in 2007, Mast and Thiele rearranged the genus Banksia by merging Dryandra into it, and published B. subg. Spathulatae for the taxa having spoon-shaped cotyledons; thus B. subg. Banksia was redefined as encompassing taxa lacking spoon-shaped cotyledons.
Banksia, and this was further divided into nine series, with B. speciosa placed in B. ser. Banksia. He thought its closest relative was clearly Banksia baxteri based on their similar appearance, noting the two overlapped in their distribution. Kevin Thiele and Pauline Ladiges published a new arrangement for the genus in 1996; their morphological cladistic analysis yielded a cladogram significantly different from George's arrangement. Thiele and Ladiges' arrangement retained B. speciosa in series Banksia, placing it in B. subser.
The King Island emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae minor) is an extinct subspecies of emu that was endemic to King Island, in the Bass Strait between mainland Australia and Tasmania. Its closest relative may be the extinct Tasmanian emu (D. n. diemenensis), as they belonged to a single population until less than 14,000 years ago when Tasmania and King Island were still connected. The small size of the King Island emu may be an example of insular dwarfism.
Agelenopsis pennsylvanica, commonly known as the Pennsylvania funnel-web spider or the Pennsylvania grass spider, is a species of spider in the family Agelenidae. The common name comes from the place that it was described – Pennsylvania – and the shape of its web – a funnel-shape web. Its closest relative is Agelenopsis potteri. The Pennsylvania funnel-web spider lives primarily as a solitary spider across the United States; this species has been found in at least 21 different states.
Historically, the banya developed simultaneously with its closest relative, the Finnish sauna. However, modern saunas converted to dry steam, while banyas continue to use wet steam. Banya temperatures may exceed 110 °C, and people often hit themselves or others with bunches of dried branches and leaves from white birch, oak or eucalyptus in order to improve their circulation. It is customary to cool off outdoors or splash around in cold water, or even in a lake or river.
A slightly different, hairless plant was described by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1836, who named it Felicia paralia, but in 1865, the Irish botanist William Henry Harvey reduced this taxon to F. echinata var. paralia. In 1973, Jürke Grau established that there is a continuous range in hairiness, and so considered paralia synonymous with Felicia echinata. Felicia echinata is the type of the section Anhebecarpaea, and is the closest relative of F. westae and F. nordenstamii.
Pseudomegachasma ("false megamouth") is an extinct genus of filter-feeding shark that was closely related to the modern sand tiger shark. It is known from Cretaceous strata in Russia and the United States, and is the only known planktivorous odontaspid, as well as the oldest known planktivorous elasmobranch. It most likely derived from its closest relative, the piscivorous shark Johnlongia. As its name suggests, it was originally classified under Megachasma, before it was found to be an odontaspid.
The Mountain Caracara is closely related to the other birds of the genus Phalcoboenus, a group which separated from the rest of the Caracaras around 1.9 million years ago.Fuchs, J., Johnson, J., & Mindell, D. (2012) Molecular systematics of the caracaras and allies (Falconidae: Polyborinae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data. Ibis 154:520-532. The White-throated Caracara (Phalcoboenus albogularis) is the Mountain Caracara's closest relative and there have been recordings of hybridization events between the two species.
It included the runic letters wynn and thorn , and the modified Latin letters eth , and ash . Old English is essentially a distinct language from Modern English and is virtually impossible for 21st-century unstudied English-speakers to understand. Its grammar was similar to that of modern German, and its closest relative is Old Frisian. Nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and verbs had many more inflectional endings and forms, and word order was much freer than in Modern English.
MacConnell's bat was once included in the genus Ectophylla, but it is now monotypic within Mesophylla. Despite no longer being classified in the same genus, MacConnell's bat and the Honduran white bat are sister taxa—they are each other's closest relative. The Honduran white bat is the only member of Ectophylla, meaning it is a monotypic genus. The genus name "Ectophylla" is from Ancient Greek "ektós" meaning "out" and "phúllon" meaning "leaf," referring to its nose-leaf.
Pseudobatos buthi, the spadenose guitarfish, is a ray in the family Rhinobatidae. Described in 2019 based on 82 museum specimens, little is known about this species in the wild. All 82 museum specimens were collected in the 1940s and 1950s and sat hidden at UCLA's fish collection and the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County until they were described by PhD student, Kelsi Rutledge. It likely is similar in ecology and behavior to its closest relative, Pseudobatos productus.
The well-preserved jaw indicates that Sacisaurus was an herbivore, and there is a process at the tip that resembles the ornithischian predentary bone. Further research attempted to define if Sacisaurus was the oldest ornithischian dinosaur. In 2011, a cladistic analysis of some of its morphological particularities found that its closest relative was the silesaurid Diodorus.Christian F. Kammerer, Sterling J. Nesbitt, and Neil H. Shubin (2011) The first basal dinosauriform (Silesauridae) from the Late Triassic of Morocco.
Molecular phylogenetics suggested that the closest relative of Kosswig's smooth newt is the Greek smooth newt (Lissotriton graecus) from the Balkans. The species differs from other species in the smooth newt species complex mainly in the male secondary characters during breeding season. The male dorsal crest is less than 1 mm high, but high at the tail base, has smooth edges, and ends in a long filament. The well-developed dorso-lateral folds give the body a square shape.
Molecular studies show that the two endemic Galápagos genera, Jasminocereus and Brachycereus, are sisters, with their closest relative being the South American mainland species Armatocereus: In one widely used classification of cacti, Armatocereus and Jasminocereus are placed in the tribe Browningieae of the subfamily Cactoideae, and Brachycereus is placed in the tribe Trichocereeae, which is inconsistent with the cladogram above. A classification produced in 2010 by Nyffeler and Eggli puts all three genera in a much larger tribe Phyllocacteae.
Molecular studies show that the two endemic Galápagos genera, Brachycereus and Jasminocereus, are sisters, with their closest relative being the South American mainland species Armatocereus: In one widely used classification of cacti, Brachycereus is placed in the tribe Trichocereeae of the subfamily Cactoideae, while Armatocereus and Jasminocereus are placed in the tribe Browningieae, which is inconsistent with the cladogram above. A classification produced in 2010 by Nyffeler and Eggli puts all three genera in a much larger tribe Phyllocacteae.
Coilochilus is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains only one known species, Coilochilus neocaledonicum, endemic to New Caledonia.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Its closest relative is Cryptostylis,Kores, P. J., M. Molvray, P. H. Weston, S. D. Hopper, A. P. Brown, K. M. Cameron, and M. W. Chase. (2001). A Phylogenetic Analysis of Diurideae (Orchidaceae) Based on Plastid DNA Sequence Data.” American Journal of Botany 88 (10): 1903–14.
The Amur falcon was long considered a subspecies or morph of the red-footed falcon, but it is nowadays considered distinct. Nonetheless, it is the red-footed falcon's closest relative; their relationship to other falcons is more enigmatic. They appear morphologically somewhat intermediate between kestrels and hobbies and DNA sequence data has been unable to further resolve this question, mainly due to lack of comprehensive sampling.Wink, Michael; Seibold, I.; Lotfikhah, F. & Bednarek, W. (1998): Molecular systematics of holarctic raptors (Order Falconiformes).
Its closest relative is the African fish eagle, Haliaeetus vocifer. Together, they form a distinct species pair lineage of sea-eagles, which separated soon after the divergence of the genus; they retain the ancestral dark beak, talon, and eye, but unlike other Haliaeetus species, they always have at least partially white tails, even while juvenile. As in other sea-eagle species pairs, one species (the Madagascan fish eagle in this case) has a tan head, while the other has a white one.
The great flying fox (Pteropus neohibernicus), also known as the greater flying fox or Bismarck flying fox, is a species of megabat in the genus Pteropus, found throughout lowland areas of New Guinea and in the Bismarck Archipelago. Conflicting evidence suggests that its closest relative is either the spectacled flying fox or, jointly, the Pelew and insular flying foxes. Two subspecies are recognized. At up to in weight, it is among the heaviest bats in the world and the largest bat in Melanesia.
The black-headed honeyeater was described in 1839 as Eidopsarus affinis. John Gould described it as Melithreptus melanocephalus in 1844, likely unaware of its earlier name. Molecular studies show that the black-headed honeyeater is most closely related to the white-naped honeyeater, and that their next closest relative is Gilbert's honeyeater. All are members of the genus Melithreptus, with several species of similar size and (apart from the brown-headed honeyeater) black- headed appearance, in the honeyeater family, Meliphagidae.
Members of the non-grammatids in this subfamily include the genera Phlebodium as well as Polypodium, from which Phlebodium is derived and which most likely is its closest relative. Other members include Pecluma, Pleopeltis, Microgramma, and Pleurosoriopsis. A bootstrapping technique proves that, at a 90% confidence level, the polypodiaceous ferns form a sister relationship with tree ferns. However, further phylogenetic studies need to be conducted regarding the current status of the genus, and which of the species are the most related.
In the original description of Tambachia, Sumida et al. (1998) concluded that Anconastes was the closest relative of Tambachia. Characteristics that supported this relationship included the absence of an internarial fenestra (which is also seen in dissorophids, but was interpreted as a convergent trait), the reduction of the suborbital process of the lacrimal, and a contribution to the ventral orbital rim (the rim of the eye socket) by the maxilla rather than the palatine. Below is a cladogram modified from Sumida et al.
She is a grand-aunt of former First Gentleman José Miguel "Mike" Tuason Arroyo, husband of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, the fourteenth President of the Philippines, congresswoman of Pampanga and now 21st House Speaker. Mother Rosario's closest relative, niece, Mariquita Arroyo Tuell Richmer (Daughter of Dr. Mariano Arroyo) passed in 2014 in Indiana, USA. Mother Rosario is the grand-aunt of Anne Walsh of Indiana, and Chris Tuell of Ohio, USA. She was christened María Beatriz del Rosario at the Sta.
Gerp's mouse lemur is significantly larger, weighing on average , compared to Goodman's mouse lemur, which weighs about . Jolly's mouse lemur, which is its closest relative and a neighbor to the south, is comparably larger, but differs in tail length and genetics. Because it is a recently discovered species, little is known about its behavior, communication, ecology, or reproduction. The species appears to be restricted to a small region of lowland evergreen rain forest, and is seriously threatened by forest loss.
Gerp's mouse lemur exhibits significant genetic differences from its northern neighbor, Simmons' mouse lemur (M. simmonsi). The genetics tests initially conducted focused on three different loci of mitochondrial DNA: a partial D-loop region, MT-CYB, and COII. D-loop analysis suggested Jolly's mouse lemur was Gerp's mouse lemur's closest relative (forming a sister group). All three tests showed the mouse lemurs sampled from Sahafina formed a monophyletic clade (an exclusive family group) and the species was sufficiently distinct from other mouse lemurs.
Lucilia cuprina is one of many species of the family Calliphoridae. Though many of its species have similar characteristics, L. cuprina’s closest relative is its sister species, Lucilia sericata. These flies are very similar in appearance and morphological characteristics, which can sometimes cause errors when trying to differentiate between them. They each exhibit specific genetic variations which can be distinguished by using random amplified polymorphic DNA and/or mitochondrial DNA sequences, and are known to cause myiasis (flystrike) in sheep.
The Mazda5's closest relative is the European compact MPV, Ford Focus C-MAX, though the Mazda5 uses minivan-style sliding doors in the rear while the Ford has four conventional front-hinged doors. This version of the vehicle was also introduced for sale in the United States, making it the first compact minivan in that market since the 1994 Mitsubishi Expo (in the United States) and 1995 Nissan Axxess (in Canada). The Mazda5 is marginally larger than the 1984–1989 Toyota Van.
A vining plant with upper pitchers from the Doorman Massif A typical lower pitcher from the Doorman Massif Danser considered N. neoguineensis to be the closest relative of N. papuana. In his description of the species, Danser states: "N. papuana is so much alike N. neoguineensis in its vegetative parts, that only the complete knowledge of the generative parts has suggested me to establish a new species". The two taxa can be distinguished on the basis of several morphological features.
116 Two years later, D.G. Eliot described Oryzomys molestus on the basis of a single individual from Ocotlán, Jalisco; the name molestus means "troublesome, irksome". Eliot considered Oryzomys fulgens, another current synonym of O. couesi, as the closest relative of his new species.Eliot, 1903, p. 145 In his 1918 review of North American Oryzomys, E.A. Goldman assessed the holotype of O. molestus, an old male, as merely a large example of albiventer, and reduced albiventer to one of many subspecies of O. couesi.
This family contained Nanahughmileria, Pittsfordipterus and perhaps Parahughmilleria. However, the clade has almost never been used in subsequent studies and lists of eurypterids, and instead, they classify the nanahughmillerids as part of Adelophthalmidae. A basal clade between Bassipterus and Pittsfordipterus is better supported than the Nanahughmilleridae, while Nanahughmilleria is considered the sister taxon (closest relative) of the "derived clade" composed by Parahughmilleria and Adelophthalmus. These eurypterids shared a series of characteristics such as the almost identical carapace, paddle, eye shapes and eye position.
Though one of the earliest described stylonurines, described shortly after the description of Stylonurus itself, it has no close relations to that genus. Indeed, there are numerous and apparent differences. For instance, the eyes of Stylonurus are located on the posterior half of the carapace and those of Stylonurella are on the anterior half. Furthermore, there are noticeable differences between Stylonurella and its closest relative, Parastylonurus, for instance the widely different shapes of the carapaces (quadrate in Stylonurella and subrounded in Parastylonurus).
Fataluku (also known as Dagaga, Dagoda', Dagada) is a non-Austronesian language spoken by approximately 37,000 people of Fataluku ethnicity in the eastern areas of East Timor, especially around Lospalos. It is a member of the Timor-Alor-Pantar language family, which includes languages spoken both in East Timor and nearby regions of Indonesia. Fataluku's closest relative is Oirata, spoken on Kisar island, in the Moluccas of Indonesia. Fataluku is given the status of a national language under the constitution.
Aenigmachanna mahabali, the Mahabali snakehead, is a species of troglophilic snakehead fish that is endemic to the Indian state of Kerala.The fish is named after Mahabali, an asura king from Hindu mythology who lived underground and is associated with Onam. It is known from a single specimen recovered from a well over 200 kilometers south of the locality where its closest relative, A. gollum, was found. Alongside A. gollum, it is unique for being the only known cave-dwelling snakehead fish.
Otto Krabbe Bækkeskov was originally one of several small manors in the vicinity of the village of Akselhoved. It was owned by Joachim Beck in the late 16th century and was then passed on to his daughter Vibeke Beck Galde. The estate became crown land when a later owner, Christoffer Galde, died unmarried in 1631. His closest relative, a sister, had already given up her heritage to the crown many years earlier and the estate was therefore included in Vordingborg Fief.
Restoration Byronosaurus is a troodontid, a group of small, bird-like, gracile maniraptorans. All known troodontids share unique features of the skull, such as closely spaced teeth in the lower jaw, and large numbers of teeth. Troodontids have sickle-claws and raptorial hands, and some of the highest non-avian encephalization quotients, meaning they were behaviourally advanced and had keen senses. Byronosaurus is one of few troodontids that have no serrations on its teeth, similar to its closest relative Xixiasaurus.
Type material of P. atlanticus is stored at the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution), the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University and the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Those of P. crossei and P. evelinae are at the National Museum of Natural History (France) and the Natural History Museum, London, respectively. The sister species (the closest relative) is Pleurobranchus varians from the Central Pacific. Those two species split 3.10 million years ago (the Isthmus of Panama formed 3.1–3.4 Mya).
When Ishwar realizes what has happened, he breaks down. At the end of the film, the now completely broken Ishwar meets Sita's little son, who is now his closest relative. Ishwar and Binu arrives at Ghatshila rail station. Just as the train leaves, Ishwar receives a letter from foreman Mukherjee from which he comes to know that he has been sacked from his managerial job because of his truthful ideology and all the legal matter he faced after her sister committed suicide.
He considered its closest relative to be B. caleyi, from which it differs in having narrower leaves with fewer, larger lobes; longer perianths, which grade from red to cream rather than from cream to red; shorter pistils; and also differences in the follicles, seeds and flowering time. In 1996, Kevin Thiele and Pauline Ladiges published the results of a cladistic analysis of morphological characters of Banksia. They retained George's subgenera and many of his series, but discarded his sections. George's B. ser.
Tetragonae because of its pendulous inflorescences. He considered its closest relative to be B. aculeata, which has narrower leaves with fewer, larger lobes; longer perianths, which grade from red to cream rather than from cream to red; shorter pistils; and also differences in the follicles, seeds and flowering time. In 1996, Kevin Thiele and Pauline Ladiges published the results of a cladistic analysis of morphological characters of Banksia. They retained George's subgenera and many of his series, but discarded his sections.
The ibises are gregarious, long-legged wading birds with long down-curved bills. Along with the spoonbills they form one subfamily within the family Threskiornithidae. The northern bald ibis' closest relative, and the only other member of the genus, is the southern bald ibis, G. calvus, of southern Africa. The two Geronticus species differ from other ibises in that they have unfeathered faces and heads, breed on cliffs rather than in trees, and prefer arid habitats to the wetlands used by their relatives.
Brachysuchus is an extinct genus of phytosaur known from the late Triassic period (Carnian stage) of Dockum Group in Texas, United States. It is known from the holotype UMMP 10336 is composed of a skull, lower jaws and partial postcranium and from the associated paratype UMMP 14366, nearly complete skull, recovered from the 'Pre-Tecovas Horizon' in the Dockum Group. It was first named by Case in 1929 and the type species is Brachysuchus megalodon. Its closest relative was Angistorhinus.
The life cycle for S. molnari has not yet been identified, but its closest relative, S. dykovae was experimentally shown to cycle between an oligochaete worm as invertebrate host and common carp as vertebrate host.Molnár K, El- Mansy A, Székely C, Baska F. Experimental identification of the actinosporean stage of Sphaerospora renicola Dyková & Lom, 1982 (Myxosporea: Sphaerosporidae) in oligochaete alternate hosts. Journal of Fish Diseases 22:143–53. The molecular identity of the two life cycle stages of S. dykovae is unconfirmed.
Wimsey suspects blackmail. He kisses her and realises that she is physically revolted by his caress. Wimsey discovers a motive for Miss Dawson to be killed before the end of 1925: a new 'Property Act' coming into force on 1 January 1926 will change the law of inheritance, resulting in an intestate's property no longer passing to a closest-relative great-niece but being forfeit to the Crown. Much play is made of a fictionalised uncertainty in the meaning of the word "issue".
The African fish eagle is a species placed in the genus Haliaeetus (sea eagles). Its closest relative appears to be the critically endangered Madagascar fish eagle (H. vociferoides). Like all sea eagle species pairs, this one consists of a white-headed species (the African fish eagle) and a tan-headed one (Madagascar fish eagle). These are an ancient lineage of sea eagles, and as such, have dark talons, beaks, and eyes Both species have at least partially white tails even as juveniles.
Adult black caracara are a glossy black except for the distinctive white band on the base of the tail, and yellow to orange-red feet and face. The adults appear similar to those of their closest relative, the red-throated caracara, however they have distinctly long and narrow wings and tail, as well as a black beak. Additionally, the red-throated caracara can be distinguished from the black caracara by their red throats. The average adult length is 41-47cm.
The blackcap's closest relative is the garden warbler, which looks quite different but has a similar song. The blackcap breeds in much of Europe, western Asia and northwestern Africa, and its preferred habitat is mature deciduous woodland. The male holds a territory when breeding, which is defended against garden warblers as well as other blackcaps. The nest is a neat cup, built low in brambles or scrub, and the clutch is typically 4–6 mainly buff eggs, which hatch in about 11 days.
The jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi; ) is a wild cat native to the Americas. Its range extends from central Argentina in the south to the US–Mexico border in the north, through Central and South America east of the Andes. The jaguarundi is a medium-sized cat of slender build. Its coloration is uniform, similar to that of its closest relative, the much larger cougar, but differing significantly from other neotropical cats (such as the small spotted cats in the genus Leopardus).
Once the four day journey is over, a feast is held, which is led by the chief medicine man. At the feast, it is the chief medicine man's duty to give away certain belongings of the deceased. Those who were chosen to receive items from the deceased are required to trade in a new piece of clothing, all of which would be turned into a bundle. The bundle of new cloths and a dish is then given to the closest relative.
Within the Troodontidae, the closest relative of Liaoningvenator was Eosinopteryx, and it was also closely related to Anchiornis and Xiaotingia; while these have traditionally been placed outside the Troodontidae, the phylogenetic analysis conducted by Shen and colleagues offered evidence supporting the alternative identification of these paravians as troodontids. Compared to its close relatives, however, Liaoningvenator had relatively long legs, in particular the femora. As the fifth troodontid known from geographically and temporally comparable strata, Liaoningvenator increases the diversity of Chinese troodontids.
He died on 26 December 1777, imparting a few words to his friend and confessor, Juan Miguel Kayser. A subsequent lawsuit between his natural heirs – namely, his cousin Eduardo Wall and family – and those of his confessor, somewhat clouded his memory for a while. General Wall y Devereux did not marry and left no children. His closest relative, Eduardo Wall, married María condesa de Armildez de Toledo,Palacio Armildez de Toledo whose remaining descendants include the Condes de Fuentes and de Floridablanca.
The Auckland rail (Lewinia muelleri) is a small nearly flightless rail endemic to the Auckland Islands 460 km south of New Zealand. It is somewhat of a biogeographical anomaly, being the only species in the genus Lewinia to have reached the islands of New Zealand, skipping over the main islands to reach the remote Auckland group. Its closest relative is Lewin's rail of Australia. The species is currently restricted to two islands in the Auckland group, Adams Island and Disappointment Island.
The existence of a fourth group, "P", has been hypothesised based on a virus isolated in 2009. The strain is apparently derived from gorilla SIV (SIVgor), first isolated from western lowland gorillas in 2006. HIV-2's closest relative is SIVsm, a strain of SIV found in sooty mangabees. Since HIV-1 is derived from SIVcpz, and HIV-2 from SIVsm, the genetic sequence of HIV-2 is only partially homologous to HIV-1 and more closely resembles that of SIVsm.
The Salic law disinherited the king's sisters and all others who could claim descent by the distaff line. He was then the closest relative of the king in the legitimate male line, and as such the next senior-most representative of the House of Capet after the king himself. Catherine de Medici, the King's mother, had attempted to unite Valois and Bourbon interests. In 1572, by which time only two of her sons remained alive, she brokered a marriage between her daughter Marguerite of Valois and Henry.
A Malagasy child The Malagasy language is of Malayo-Polynesian origin and is generally spoken throughout the island. The numerous dialects of Malagasy, which are generally mutually intelligible,Rajaonarimanana (2001), p. 8 can be clustered under one of two subgroups: eastern Malagasy, spoken along the eastern forests and highlands including the Merina dialect of Antananarivo, and western Malagasy, spoken across the western coastal plains. The Malagasy language originated from Southeast Barito language, and Ma'anyan language is its closest relative, with numerous Malay and Javanese loanwords.
ATP production in Rickettsia is the same as that in mitochondria. In fact, of all the microbes known, the Rickettsia is probably the closest relative (in a phylogenetic sense) to the mitochondria. Unlike the latter, the genome of R. prowazekii, however, contains a complete set of genes encoding for the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the respiratory chain complex. Still, the genomes of the Rickettsia, as well as the mitochondria, are frequently said to be "small, highly derived products of several types of reductive evolution".
It is a vigorous twining vine with characteristically narrow trifoliate leaves, which distinguish it readily from its closest relative Hardenbergia violacea which has entire leaves. The pea-shaped flowers appear from August to November (Southern Hemisphere late winter to spring) and can range in colour from mauve, to purple to dark blue, with pink and white forms also known. The two eye spots on the standard are white, in contrast to the light green-yellow spots on H. violacea. The flowers are arranged in drooping racemes.
Seychellum alluaudi is the only truly freshwater crab in the Seychelles; all the other true crabs in the islands have marine larvae. It is common for freshwater crabs to have large eggs, and this is also seen in Seychellum; its eggs are around in diameter, which Rathbun described as "very large". Adult specimens reach a carapace width of , and a carapace length about 80% of the width. The carapace is almost quadrangular and quite flat, in constract to the more rounded outline in its closest relative, Deckenia.
However, in recent work one such species, Tungussogyriinus bergi has been further analyzed and shown to share clear synapomorphies with branchiosaurids including the Y-shaped palatine resulting in a gap between ectopterygoid and maxilla as well as brush-like branchial denticles. T. bergi differs from all other branchiosaurids in two autapomorphies: elongated process of ilium and tricuspid dentition. Thus, Tungussgyrinus is thought to represent a clade that is the closest relative to all other branchiosaurids and two new subfamilies, Tungussogyrininae and Branchiosaurinae fall under Branchiosauridae.Werneburg, R. 2009.
The adults are dark with brown, grey and white patterning on the upperparts and breast; the long wings are black and show a white bar in flight. The tail is dark with white barring; the underparts are white with black bars. The adult male has a white throat; the female has a light brown throat. The most distinguishing characteristic to determine its identity from its closest relative the common nighthawk are the contrasting pale tertials near the back of the wings of a sitting bird.
Geoxus annectens, also known as Pearson's long-clawed akodont or Pearson's long-clawed mouse, is a species of rodent in the tribe Abrotrichini of family Cricetidae. Molecular data suggests that its closest relative is Geoxus valdivianus. Formerly classified in its own genus, Pearsonomys, named after American zoologist Oliver Payne Pearson, it was moved to Geoxus in 2016 after a morphological and genetic reevaluation of the tribe Abrotrichini. This rodent is endemic to Chile, where it is found in Nothofagus forest of the Valdivian temperate rainforest ecoregion.
"Meat-mouth" Shar Pei showing the blue-black tongue The Shar Pei is a short-coated medium-sized breed of dog, renowned for its excessively wrinkled skin. The breed resembles many dog breeds from the mastiff family; however, it is most closely related to spitz breeds, with the Chow Chow being its closest relative. This is most clearly seen with the two breeds both possessing unique blue-black tongues. This dog falls within the same genetic group as the Chow Chow, the Akita, and the Shiba Inu.
The Tanna ground dove (Pampusana ferruginea), also known as Forster's dove of Tanna, is an extinct dove species. Its taxonomic affiliation is uncertain but at its first scientific discussion by Johann Georg Wagler in 1829 it was classified into the genus Gallicolumba (which includes ground doves and bleeding-hearts); its closest relative is possibly the Santa Cruz ground dove. It was endemic to the Pacific island of Tanna, Vanuatu (formerly the New Hebrides). Forster records a native name mahk, almost certainly from the Kwamera language.
In Rodrigo Otero's 2016 analysis based on a modification of the same dataset (below, right), Elamosaurus was the closest relative of Albertonectes, forming the Styxosaurinae with Styxosaurus and Terminonatator. Danielle Serratos, Druckenmiller, and Benson could not resolve the position of Elasmosaurus in 2017, but they noted that Styxosaurinae would be a synonym of Elasmosaurinae if Elasmosaurus did fall within the group. Topology A: Benson et al. (2013) Topology B: Otero (2016) The family Elasmosauridae was erected by Cope in 1869, and anchored on the genus Elasmosaurus.
The Ryukyu kingfisher (Todiramphus cinnamominus miyakoensis) is an enigmatic taxon of tree kingfisher. It is extinct and was only ever known from a single specimen. Its taxonomic status is doubtful; it is most likely a subspecies of the Guam kingfisher, which would make its scientific name Todiramphus cinnamomina miyakoensis. As the specimen is extant at the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology, the question could be resolved using DNA sequence analysis; at any rate, the Guam kingfisher is almost certainly the closest relative of the Ryukyu bird.
The closest relative of Callitris is Actinostrobus from southwest Western Australia, which differs in its cones having several basal whorls of small sterile scales. A 2010 study of Actinostrobus and Callitris places the three species of Actinostrobus within an expanded Callitris based on analysis of 42 morphological and anatomical characters. In 2010, early Oligocene fossilised foliage and cones of Callitris were unearthed near the Lea River in Tasmania. The fossils were given the name Callitris leaensis and represent the oldest known representative of the genus.
With respect to B. prionotes, Mast's results are fairly consistent with those of both George and Thiele and Ladiges. Series Crocinae appears to be monophyletic, and B. hookeriana is confirmed as B. prionotes closest relative. Overall, however, the inferred phylogeny is very different from George's arrangement. Early in 2007, Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement of Banksiinae by publishing several new names, including subgenus Spathulatae for the species of Banksia that have spoon-shaped cotyledons; in this way they also redefined the autonym B. subgenus Banksia.
Bycanistes subcylindricus is part of the Bycanistes genus of sub-Saharian hornbills which currently include a total of six known species that all share a black and white plummage and are mostly frugivores. This genus has recently been related to the Bucorvus genus, known as Ground Hornbills. Most of the species in that genus have a casque, which is larger in males than females. The closest relative to the black-and-white-casqued hornbill is Bycanistes cylindricus or Brown-cheeked hornbill which inhabits a similar habitat range.
The genus Oxera was erected by Jacques Labillardière in 1824, based on a single specimen that he had collected in New Caledonia. The closest relative of Oxera is the genus Faradaya, and the two genera were once united as the tribe Oxereae. Collectively, they are the sister group to a clade containing Clerodendrum and a number of segregate genera such as Kalaharia, Huxleya, Amasonia and Tetraclea. Both genera are now treated as members of the subfamily Teucrioideae, following work published by Philip D. Cantino in 1992.
In 1997, it and other polycotylids were reassigned as close relatives of long- necked elasmosaurids. In a 2001 study, Polycotylus was classified as a derived cryptocleidoid plesiosaur closely related to Jurassic plesiosaurs like Cryptocleidus. Below is a cladogram from a 2004 study which supported a similar classification: The specimen containing a fetus In 2007, Polycotylus was placed in a new subfamily of polycotylids called Polycotylinae. Another newly described polycotylid called Eopolycotylus from Glen Canyon, Utah, was found to be the closest relative of Polycotylus.
Thomas C. Jerdon who first obtained a specimen of the species from Ward notes: The species was variously placed in the past and for a long time in the genus Zoothera along with many other thrushes but molecular phylogenetic studies in 2008 clarified the phylogeny and the requirements for monophyly of the genera led to the older genus Geokichla being resurrected. The genus Zoothera now contains species that are not strongly sexually dimorphic unlike Geokichla. The pied thrush's closest relative is the Siberian thrush Geokichla sibirica.
The coldwater darter was first formally described in 1965 by John S. Ramsey and Royal Dallas Suttkus with the type locality given as a tributary of Mills Creek which is a tributary of the Chattooga River, west of Lyerly, Georgia. It is regarded as a member of the subgenus Oligocephalus and it is thought that its closest relative is the Gulf darter (E. swaini). There is also some evidence that this is a species complex and it may be split into two or more species in future.
The sister species relationship between the longfin and shortfin makos has been confirmed by several phylogenetic studies based on mitochondrial DNA. In turn, the closest relative of the two mako sharks is the great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias). Fossil teeth belonging to the longfin mako have been recovered from the Muddy Creek marl of the Grange Burn formation, south of Hamilton, Australia, and from Mizumani Group in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. Both deposits date to the Middle Miocene Epoch (15–11 million years ago (mya)).
Galela is the second most populous Papuan language spoken west of New Guinea, with some 80,000 speakers. Its dialects are Kadai (41,000), Morotai (24,000), Kadina (10,000), and Sopi (4,000). Its closest relative is the Loloda language. Galela is spoken on the eastern side of the northern tip of Halmahera island (in Galela district and in neighbouring villages in Tobelo and Loloda districts), on Morotai Island to the north, on the Bacan and Obi islands to the south of Halmahera, and in scattered settlements along the southwest coast.
In a 2007 analysis of the relationships between troodontids, dromaeosaurids, and early birds, Turner and colleagues did find Jinfengopteryx to be a troodontid, and referred it to that group, noting that it is the first troodontid specimen to preserve evidence of feathers. In 2012, Turner and colleagues erected a new subfamily called Jinfengopteryginae. The unique features of that subfamily include the large antorbital fenestrae and the bifurcated jugal. The specimen IGM 100/1126 (currently without an assigned genus) is the closest relative of Jinfengopteryx within the group.
A longma (lower left corner) on a rubbing from the Wu Liang shrines' reliefs Longma or "dragon horse" connects with other creatures in Chinese folklore. While longma sometimes applies to the Qilin (Williams 1989:390), the closest relative is the legendary tianma "heavenly horse" or the "Chinese Pegasus", which was metaphorically identified with the hanxiema "blood-sweating horse" or Ferghana horse. A poem attributed to Emperor Wu of Han celebrates a 101 BCE victory over Western tribes. > The Heavenly Horses are coming, Coming from the Far West.
Tone distinctions in Yabem appear to be of relatively recent origin (Bradshaw 1979) and still correlate strongly with obstruent voicing contrasts (but not in its closest relative, Bukawa). Only high tones occur in syllables with voiceless obstruents (p, t, k), and only low tone occurs in syllables with voiced obstruents (b, d, g). The fricative /s/ is voiced in low-tone syllables but voiceless in high-tone syllables. Other phonemes are neutral with respect to tone and so occur in both high-tone or low-tone environments.
Thiele and Ladiges' arrangement retained B.aemula in series Banksia, placing it in B.subser. Banksia along with serrata as its sister taxon (united by their unusual seedling leaves) and ornata as next closest relative. This arrangement stood until 1999, when George effectively reverted to his 1981 arrangement in his monograph for the Flora of Australia series. alt=A pale yellow flowerhead nestles among green foliage Under George's taxonomic arrangement of Banksia, B.aemulas taxonomic placement may be summarised as follows: :Genus Banksia ::Subgenus Banksia :::Section Banksia ::::Series Banksia :::::B.
With respect to B. prionotes, Mast's results are fairly consistent with those of both George and Thiele and Ladiges. Series Crocinae appears to be monophyletic, and B. hookeriana is confirmed as B. prionotes closest relative. Overall, however, the inferred phylogeny is very different from George's arrangement. Early in 2007, Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement of Banksiinae by publishing several new names, including subgenus Spathulatae for the species of Banksia that have spoon-shaped cotyledons; in this way they also redefined the autonym B. subgenus Banksia.
With respect to B. hookeriana, Mast's results are fairly consistent with those of both George and Thiele and Ladiges. Series Crocinae appears to be monophyletic, and B. prionotes is confirmed as B. hookerianas closest relative. Overall, however, the inferred phylogeny is very different from George's arrangement. Early in 2007, Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement of Banksiinae by publishing several new names, including subgenus Spathulatae for the species of Banksia that have spoon-shaped cotyledons; in this way they also redefined the autonym B. subgenus Banksia.
This species nests in a wide variety of grassland types, and agricultural land with tall crops may also be used. A smallish crake, the African crake has brown-streaked blackish upperparts, bluish-grey underparts and black-and-white barring on the flanks and belly. It has a stubby red bill, red eyes, and a white line from the bill to above the eye. It is smaller than its closest relative, the corn crake; that species is also lighter-plumaged, and has an eye stripe.
The carpometacarpus of the dodo was more robust than that of the solitaire, however. The pelvis was wider than that of the solitaire and other relatives, yet was comparable to the proportions in some smaller, flighted pigeons. Most of the leg bones were more robust than those of extant pigeons and the solitaire, but the length proportions were little different. Many of the skeletal features that distinguish the dodo and the Rodrigues solitaire, its closest relative, from pigeons have been attributed to their flightlessness.
Myxobacterial genomes typically have high GC content; in E. salina the GC content is 66-67%, slightly lower than its closest relative P. pacifica. The E. salina genome contains genes with distant sequence similarity to known polyketide synthase genes, often responsible for unusual secondary metabolites with antibiotic activity. In particular, likely halogenases and polyketide synthase III genes have been bioinformatically identified; the latter is unusual in that it primarily is known from plant genomes. Several additional uncharacterized gene clusters with synthetic potential have since been bioinformatically identified.
Coccineae :::::B. coccinea In 2002, a molecular study by Austin Mast again showed Banksia coccinea to be the next closest relative of a group comprising Banksia speciosa and B. baxteri and only distantly related to other members of the series Banksia. This was reinforced in a 2013 molecular study by Marcel Cardillo and colleagues using chloroplast DNA and combining it with earlier results. Mast, Eric Jones and Shawn Havery published the results of their cladistic analyses of DNA sequence data for Banksia in 2005.
The short-tailed parrot (Graydidascalus brachyurus) is the only species of the genus Graydidascalus. It is found along both banks of the Amazon river and other major Amazonian rivers in Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru. As suggested by its range, it is associated with the specific forest and woodland types growing near major rivers, although it also extends into the coastal deltas of French Guiana and Amapá, Brazil. The closest relative is the yellow-faced parrot (Alipiopsitta xanthops) and the members of the genus Pionus.
Chromosomal distinction between the red-faced and black-faced black spider monkey (Ateles paniscus paniscus and A. chamek.) There are several related species such as the Central American spider monkey or Geoffroy's spider monkey (A. geoffroyi), and the brown spider monkey (A. hybridus) and the species' closest relative the white-bellied spider monkey (A. belzebuth). All of these have a prehensile tail, a thumbless hand, and other characteristics that are found in all spider monkeys.Spider Monkey, Animal The Definitive Visual Guide to the World’s Wildlife, p.
Little information is available on the food habits of this species, but bats have been found in the stomachs of adult birds and they have been observed eating and feeding moths to their nestlings. The black-and-white owl, the closest relative of the black-banded owl, has been seen capturing large insects, such as beetles (mostly scarabaeid, curculionid and cerambycid), grasshoppers (Acrididae), and cockroaches (Blattidae). As for vertebrate prey, they fed on bats (primarily Artibeus jamaicens) while Mottled Owls, another Ciccaba species, ate predominantly small rodents.
The Chatham bones differed sufficiently in their DNA to support the penguin's identity as a truly distinct species, and it was formally described in 2019 and named E. warhami, after John Warham, a pioneering researcher in penguin biology. Based on a comparison of mitochondrial genomes, this species diverged from its closest relative, the erect-crested penguin of the Antipodes Islands, between 1.1 and 2.5 million years ago. This corresponds to the emergence of the Chatham Islands from the sea about 3 million years ago.
The long-tailed ground roller (Uratelornis chimaera) is a species of bird in the ground roller family Brachypteraciidae, placed in the monotypic genus Uratelornis. Endemic to arid spiny forests near the coast in southwestern Madagascar, this ground roller occurs at extremely low population densities throughout its habitat. This species requires shade and a deep layer of leaves on the ground, and it is absent from parts of the spiny forest lacking these features. It has no recognized subspecies, and its closest relative is the scaly ground roller.
Maxillae of Eolambia The crestless skull of Eolambia has a similar overall shape to those of Equijubus and Probactrosaurus. The front of the snout is highly roughened, being punctuated by many foramina (openings). At the tip of each premaxilla, there are two tooth-like structures known as denticles, which is also seen in its closest relative Protohadros. Further back, the rear portion of the lower branch of the premaxilla abruptly projects upwards, closing off the nostril at the rear as in Probactrosaurus, Protohadros, and other hadrosauroids.
Eucteniza is the type genus of the family Euctenizidae (the "wafer trapdoor spiders"), a mygalomorph family formerly considered a subfamily of the Cyrtaucheniidae. Within Euctenizidae, Eucteniza is classified in the subfamily Euctenizinae. Earlier comparisons of morphological and behavioral traits suggested the closest relative of Eucteniza is Neoapachella rothi, a forest dwelling spider found in Arizona and New Mexico, while more recent studies, including analyses of DNA similarities, suggest a closer relationship to Entychides, a genus with several species ranging from Arizona to Texas into Mexico.
Three years later, the Polish-Hungarian alliance proved itself in Rus' Galicia. The last two princes descended from the dynasty of Rurik, Andrew of Galicia and Lev II of Galicia, were killed in battle. The allies decided to help the closest relative of the late princes—Bolesław George, the son of Trojden, Duke of Mazovia—in mastering the local throne. This effort led to increased Polish influence in Russia, which enabled the eventual takeover of the region by Wladyslaw's son and successor, Casimir III the Great.
The mountain ground squirrel (Xerus princeps) is a rodent that is native to southwestern Angola, western Namibia, and western South Africa. It is also known as the Kaoko ground squirrel or the Damara ground squirrel. It is the closest relative of the Cape ground squirrel (Latin name Xerus inauris), which is so similar in appearance that the two are difficult to distinguish in the field. Both species have long bushy black and white tails with a white stripe from the shoulder towards the rump.
Whereas the lower pitchers of N. deaniana and N. mira may be reddish-purple throughout, those of N. gantungensis are not known to exhibit such dark pigmentation. Unlike its close relatives, N. gantungensis frequently produces upper pitchers. Nepenthes mantalingajanensis is suggested in the describing paper as the next closest relative of N. gantungensis. All four species are believed to have evolved from a common ancestor that had already diverged from the lineage that would lead to the giant-pitchered N. attenboroughii and N. palawanensis.
The Andean cock-of-the-rock (Rupicola peruvianus), also known as tunki (Quechua), is a large passerine bird of the cotinga family native to Andean cloud forests in South America. It is widely regarded as the national bird of Peru. It has four subspecies and its closest relative is the Guianan cock-of- the-rock. The Andean cock-of-the-rock exhibits marked sexual dimorphism; the male has a large disk-like crest and scarlet or brilliant orange plumage, while the female is significantly darker and browner.
There are several genera, of which the most widespread is Podiceps with nine species, one recently extinct. The red-necked grebe's closest relative is the fish-eating great crested grebe of Europe and western Asia.Ogilvie & Rose (2002) 8–9 It is possible that the red-necked grebe originally evolved in North America and later spread to Europe, where a change of diet to include more insects helped to reduce competition with its larger cousin.Johnsgard, PA (1987) 130–135 Fossils of the species dating to the middle Pleistocene have been found in Italy.
The closest relative of this species is the gadwall, followed by the wigeons. The species was assigned to the proposed genus Mareca after its previous placement in the genus Anas was found to be paraphyletic in 2009. There are many species that have mitochondrial DNA lineages that are phylogenetically intermixed with other species, but studies have rarely tested the cause of such paraphyly. In a study that was conducted, there were tested two hypotheses that could explain mitochondrial paraphyly of Holarctic gadwalls (Anas strepera) with respect to Asian falcated ducks (A. falcata).
Notopalaeognathae is a clade that contains the order Rheiformes (rheas), the clade Novaeratitae (birds such as the kiwis and the emus), the order Tinamiformes (tinamous) and the extinct order Dinornithiformes (the moas). The exact relationships of this group have only recently been understood, with tinamous and the moas sharing a common ancestor and the kiwis are more closely related to emus and cassowaries. The extinct elephant birds of Madagascar have recently been identified as closest relative to the kiwis. The rheas are either the basal most branch of notopalaeognaths or the sister group to Novaeratitae.
The next closest relative outside the genus is the much larger, but similarly marked, blue-faced honeyeater.Driskell, A.C., Christidis, L (2004) Phylogeny and evolution of the Australo-Papuan honeyeaters (Passeriformes, Meliphagidae) Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 31 943–960 More recently, DNA analysis has shown honeyeaters to be related to the Pardalotidae (pardalotes), Acanthizidae (Australian warblers, scrubwrens, thornbills, etc.), and the Maluridae (Australian fairy-wrens) in the large superfamily Meliphagoidea.Barker, F.K., Cibois, A., Schikler, P., Feinstein, J., and Cracraft, J (2004) Phylogeny and diversification of the largest avian radiation. Proceedings Natl. Acad. Sci.
Cryptoprocta spelea, also known as the giant fossa,Alcover and McMinn, 1994, table 1 is an extinct species of carnivore from Madagascar in the family Eupleridae, which is most closely related to the mongooses and includes all Malagasy carnivorans. It was first described in 1902, and in 1935 was recognized as a separate species from its closest relative, the living fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox). C. spelea is larger than the fossa, about the size of a gray wolf, but otherwise similar. The two have not always been accepted as distinct species.
He does not list any dependents and lists his closest relative as Charles Isaac Taylor at 446 Indiana Avenue."WWI Draft Registration of Candy Jim Taylor" Local Board Division 4, Fletcher American Bank Building, Indianapolis, Marion County, Indiana, September 12, 1918 When the newly formed Negro National League started in 1920, Candy Jim worked as a Player-Manager for the Dayton Marcos. But he moved on to the Cleveland Tate Stars in the next season. A disciplinarian and a master strategist, as manager Taylor led the St. Louis Stars to their first championship in 1928.
Plantago nubicola is a plant found in Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina. It was long classified as Bougueria nubicola, the only species in the genus Bougueria, and indeed it has a number of characteristics which make it different from the rest of Plantago. Nor is its placement in Plantago easy to reconcile with its geographical distribution (in particular, its closest relative appears to be Plantago ovata which is found in the Mediterranean and only recently introduced to North America). However, molecular data from several studies places P. nubicola within the genus Plantago.
Dravidian and other South Asian languages share with Indo- Aryan a number of syntactical and morphological features that are alien to other Indo-European languages, including even its closest relative, Old Iranian. Phonologically, there is the introduction of retroflexes, which alternate with dentals in Indo-Aryan; morphologically there are the gerunds; and syntactically there is the use of a quotative marker (iti). These are taken as evidence of substratum influence. It has been argued that Dravidian influenced Indic through "shift", whereby native Dravidian speakers learned and adopted Indic languages.
The term "crow" is colloquially applied to any or all species of Australian corvid. Preliminary genetic analysis of the genus using mitochondrial DNA showed the three raven species to belong to one lineage and the two crows to another, and that the two lineages are not closely related. The genetic separation between species is small and there was a suggestion the forest raven may be conspecific with the Australian raven. Subsequent multigene analysis using nuclear DNA by Jønsson and colleagues in 2012 clarified that the forest and little raven are each other's closest relative.
The Northern Eastern Sudanic, Eastern k Sudanic, Ek Sudanic, NNT or Astaboran languages may form a primary division of the yet-to-be-demonstrated Eastern Sudanic family. They are characterised by having a /k/ in the first person singular pronoun "I/me", as opposed to the Southern Eastern Sudanic languages, which have an /n/. Nyima has yet to be conclusively linked to the other languages, and would appear to be the closest relative of Ek Sudanic rather than Ek Sudanic proper. The most well-known language of this group is Nubian.
For example, yellow-spotted "fire salamanders" in the genus Salamandra, formerly all classified as one species S. salamandra, are not monophyletic: the Corsican fire salamander's closest relative has been shown to be the entirely black Alpine salamander. In such cases, similarity has arisen from convergent evolution. Hybrid speciation can lead to unclear species boundaries through a process of reticulate evolution, in which species have two parent species as their most recent common ancestors. In such cases, the hybrid species may have intermediate characters, such as in Heliconius butterflies.
Their father, Calvin Adams, was a police officer who was shot and killed during a routine traffic stop three months after marrying their mother Angela. A few weeks after the funeral Angela realized she was pregnant; her closest relative, brother Hank Norton, wasn't much help since he was a drug addict and alcoholic. Hank always told everyone that when Angela died from an infection after giving birth, and he took in her daughters, he cleaned up and found God. In reality he only quit the drugs, and kept on drinking for eight years.
Oedaleops has a wide and low skull with a convex margin when viewed from the side. It has large orbits or eye sockets and numerous teeth, the most of any caseasaur. It differs from its closest relative Eothyris in having a frontal bone that forms a greater portion of the upper margin of the orbit. Another distinguishing feature of Oedaleops is the thinness of the postorbital bar, a strut of bone separating the back of the orbit from a hole in the back of the skull called the temporal fenestra.
It bears similarity to the hunt games such as the Fox games, Rimau-rimau, and Bagha-Chall, however, there are no captures involved. The three hunters are trying to hem in the bear, and block its movements. The closest relative of the Bear games are the Hare games. In this case, the hares are the "hunters" (a reversal in the naming procedure where the bear in the Bear games is the "hunted"), and there are three of them which is the same number of hunters in the Bear games.
Like all thalattosaurs, Concavispina was a marine reptile that probably swam by lateral undulation or side-to-side movement of its elongated body. The limbs are too short to have provided much propulsive power. Concavispina was probably not as strong a swimmer as its closest relative Xinpusaurus because it has shorter neural spines with V-shaped notches, which would have reduced the surface area over which the M. semispinalis muscle (the main muscle along the top of the tail in most reptiles) could anchor. The tail is also less tall in Concavispina than in Xinpusaurus.
As phylogenetic studies became more common in the 1980s and 1990s, proterochapsids were found to be a distinct group closely related to true archosaurs. Recent studies have placed Proterochampsidae as either the sister taxon of Archosauria (the closest relatives of archosaurs), or the sister taxon of Archosauria and Euparkeria. In a 2011 study, the unusual Late Triassic archosauriform Doswellia has been placed as the closest relative of proterochampsids. Because doswelliids are more closely related to proterochampsids than to any other archosauriform, the two groups form their own clade.
Gerhard Armauer Hansen (1841-1912), who first discovered M. Leprae in 1873 The closest relative to M. leprae is M. lepromatosis. These species diverged (95% highest posterior density – ) The most recent common ancestor of the extant M. leprae strains was calculated to have lived 3,607 years ago [95% highest posterior density 2204–5525 years ago]. The estimated substitution rate was 7.67 x 10−9 substitutions per site per year, similar to other bacteria. A study of genomes isolated from medieval cases estimated the mutation rate to be 6.13 × 10−9.
The ruins of the Château de la Ferté-Vidame in 2005 The Château de la Ferté-Vidame was substantially rebuilt by the architect Antoine Matthieu Le Carpentier in 1771. It is now a roofless shell. At the Bourbon Restoration, it was restituted to the duchess of Orléans, as the closest relative of her father Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre, the owner before the French Revolution. On her death in 1821, the domaine passed to her eldest son Louis-Philippe I, future king of the French.
Watutia is an extinct genus of fossil kangaroo known from the Pliocene from New Guinea . It is only known from the type species Watutia novaeguineae, known from some fragmentary upper and lower jaws and isolated teeth from the Pliocene Otibanda Formation in the Morobe Province of Papua New Guinea. The closest relative of the genus was possibly Hadronomas, who lived in today's Queensland a few million years earlier. W. novaeguineae was about the size of a large shrub wallaby (Dorcopsis) and differs in some characteristics from the teeth of other kangaroos.
However, the clade has almost never been used in subsequent studies and lists of eurypterids, and instead, they classify the nanahughmillerids as part of Adelophthalmidae. A derived clade in which Nanahughmilleria is closest to Parahughmilleria and Adelopththalmus is better supported, as well as a basal (more "primitive") group consisting of Pittsfordipterus and Bassipterus. This clade is backed by a pair of synapomorphies (shared characteristics different from that of their latest common ancestor), relatively long and narrow eyes and a complex termination of the genital appendage. Therefore, Pittsfordipterus is the sister group (closest relative) of Bassipterus.
Its skull had large nasoantorbital fenestrae (opening that combined the antorbital fenestra in front of the eye with the bony nostril), and part of its palate was concave. The lower jaw was blade-like, and may have turned slightly upwards. The closest relative of Thalassodromeus was Tupuxuara; both are grouped in a clade that has been placed within either Tapejaridae (as the subfamily Thalassodrominae) or within Neoazhdarchia (as the family Thalassodromidae). Several theories have been suggested to explain the function of Thalassodromeus's crest, including thermoregulation and display, but it likely had more than one function.
Gerobatrachus is an extinct genus of amphibamid temnospondyl (represented by the type species Gerobatrachus hottoni) that lived in the Early Permian, approximately 290 million years ago (Ma), in the area that is now Baylor County, Texas. When it was first described in 2008, Gerobatrachus was announced to be the closest relative of Batrachia, the group that includes modern frogs and salamanders. It possesses a mixture of characteristics from both groups, including a large frog-like head and a salamander-like tail. These features have led to it being dubbed a frogamander by the press.
A memorial service was held for Gladys Tordil at Parkdale High School in Riverdale, Maryland, where she was an AP Chemistry teacher on May 16. A local prosecutor pledged to help the daughters of Gladys Tordil, who were 16 and 17, and their closest relative was in the Philippines at the time of the murder, causing them to be placed in foster care; the prosecutor is also working to bring an aunt from the Philippines to the United States. A GoFundMe was created for Winfell's family to help cover funeral costs and living expenses.
Most characteristic feature of the tree is the white bark of the often multistemmed trees. They form rectangular leathery leaves of dark colour with thick waxy cuticles. This species closest relative is Diospyros leucomelas (and less so Diospyros revaughanii), and it shares with these species a leathery leaf surface, a rounded leaf-base, very short petiole, and short fruits. The forest reaches an average canopy height around 5–8 metres, likely the height is restricted by the shallow depth of soil (seldom >15 cm), the floor is covered by native monarch fern.
Danaus melanippus, the black veined tiger, white tiger, common tiger, or eastern common tiger, is a butterfly species found in tropical Asia which belongs to the "crows and tigers", that is, the danaine group of the brush- footed butterflies family. It ranges from Assam in eastern India through South-East Asia south to Indonesia, and eastwards to the Philippines and through southern China to Taiwan. It has around 17 subspecies, and its closest relative is the Malay tiger, Danaus affinis.Smith, David A. S.; Lushai, Gugs & Allen, John A. (2005).
Trulla is a fungal genus in the family Steccherinaceae containing six species of polypores. It was circumscribed by mycologists Otto Miettinen and Leif Ryvarden in 2016, as a continuation of prior work that outlined a revised framework for the Steccherinaceae based on molecular phylogenetics. Its closest relative in the Steccherinaceae is the genus Nigroporus, from which it differs in its light-coloured fruit bodies and monomitic context. The generic name Trulla, from the Latin word for "ladle", alludes to the spatulate (spoon- like) shape of the fruit bodies.
They also have smaller feet and a less prominent or missing nuchal bar. The next closest relative outside the genus is the much larger, but similarly marked, blue-faced honeyeater. More recently, DNA analysis has shown honeyeaters to be related to the Pardalotidae (pardalotes), Acanthizidae (Australian warblers, scrubwrens, thornbills, etc.), and the Maluridae (Australian fairy-wrens) in the large superfamily Meliphagoidea. Gould called it the Swan River honeyeater, and noted the species was known by various local indigenous names, including Jingee (in lowlands), Bun-geen (on mountains), and Berril-berril (Swan River district).
Researchers from the Agricultural Research Service are taking advantage of protists as pathogens to control red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) populations in Argentina. Spore-producing protists such as Kneallhazia solenopsae (recognized as a sister clade or the closest relative to the fungus kingdom now) can reduce red fire ant populations by 53–100%. Researchers have also been able to infect phorid fly parasitoids of the ant with the protist without harming the flies. This turns the flies into a vector that can spread the pathogenic protist between red fire ant colonies.
Molecular clock evidence using DNA suggests the macaroni penguin split from its closest relative, the royal penguin (Eudyptes schlegeli), around 1.5 million years ago. The two have generally been considered separate species, but the close similarities of their DNA sequences has led some, such as the Australian ornithologists Les Christidis and Walter Boles, to treat the royal as a subspecies of the macaroni. The two species are very similar in appearance; the royal penguin has a white face instead of the usually black face of the macaroni.Williams (1995) p.
The pandemic strain of HIV-1 is closely related to a virus found in chimpanzees of the subspecies Pan troglodytes troglodytes, which live in the forests of the Central African nations of Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Republic of Congo (or Congo- Brazzaville), and Central African Republic. HIV-2 is less transmittable and is largely confined to West Africa, along with its closest relative, a virus of the sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys atys), an Old World monkey inhabiting southern Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and western Ivory Coast.
Algansea is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae, distributed in the Lerma–Chapala–Grande de Santiago, Pátzcuaro, Armería, Ameca, Ayutla and Tuxpan basins in west-central Mexico (mostly Jalisco, but also surrounding states and the State of Mexico). The genus includes both species that are locally numerous, and species that are highly threatened. Their closest relative is the longfin dace (Agosia chrysogaster). Algansea are fairly small fish that typically are between in standard length, although A. lacustris and A. popoche can reach up to .
Robert B. Payne and Christopher J. Risley placed the white-faced heron in the genus Egretta due to its skeletal anatomy resembling egrets more than Ardea herons. They noted that Bock had not given reasons why he had placed the species in Ardea, and felt its closest relative was the little blue heron (Egretta caerulea) on account of plumage and skull similarities. [page 84] Using DNA-DNA hybridization in a 1987 study, Frederick Sheldon confirmed the white-faced heron was a member of the egret clade. Subspecies E. n.
The Amur falcon was formerly included herein as a subspecies but it is nowadays considered distinct. Nonetheless, it is the present species' closest relative; their relationship to other falcons is more enigmatic. They appear morphologically somewhat intermediate between kestrels and hobbies and DNA sequence data has been unable to further resolve this question, mainly due to lack of comprehensive sampling. They might be closer to the merlin than to most other living falcons, or more generally related to this species and American falcons such as the American kestrel and the aplomado falcon.
There is robust morphological support for the placement of the zebra shark, the whale shark (Rhincodon typus), and the nurse sharks (Ginglymostoma cirratum, Nebrius ferrugineus, and Pseudoginglymostoma brevicaudatum) in a single clade. However, the interrelationships between these taxa are disputed by various authors. Dingerkus (1986) suggested that the whale shark is the closest relative of the zebra shark, and proposed a single family encompassing all five species in the clade. Compagno (1988) suggested affinity between this species and either Pseudoginglymostoma or a clade containing Rhincodon, Ginglymostoma, and Nebrius.
Elliot's short-tailed shrew was originally described as a subspecies of Blarina brevicauda, and was only identified as a separate species in 1981. Genetic analysis to determine its precise relationship to other members of the genus has been ambiguous, with some studies placing it as the closest relative to the southern short-tailed shrew, and others showing it as being basal to the other species. The oldest fossils of the species date from the last Ice Age, and the two subspecies may have diverged as recently as one thousand years ago.
The passenger pigeon or wild pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius) is an extinct species of pigeon that was endemic to North America. Its common name is derived from the French word passager, meaning "passing by", due to the migratory habits of the species. The scientific name also refers to its migratory characteristics. The morphologically similar mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) was long thought to be its closest relative, and the two were at times confused, but genetic analysis has shown that the genus Patagioenas is more closely related to it than the Zenaida doves.
Banksia, and this was further divided into nine series, with B.aemula placed in B.ser. Banksia. He thought its closest relative was clearly Banksia serrata and then B.ornata, and that the three formed a link with western species. Since Brown's original publication had treated all of Fraser's specimens as syntypes (shared type specimens) for the species, George also chose a lectotype (a single specimen to serve as the type specimen). In 1996, Kevin Thiele and Pauline Ladiges published a new arrangement for the genus, after cladistic analyses yielded a cladogram significantly different from George's arrangement.
Though George did not accept Meissner's definition of the series, he argued that "Banksia dryandroides appears to provide a link between the Spicigerae and the Abietinae but is sufficiently distinct from both to be placed in its own series." In 1996, Kevin Thiele and Pauline Ladiges published a new arrangement of Banksia, after cladistic analyses yielded a cladogram significantly different from George's arrangement. George's sections were discarded, but many of his series were retained. Thiele and Ladiges found B. dryandroides to be sister (that is, the next closest relative) to a clade containing B. ser.
Hepadnaviruses are also known to affect bats, with the tent-making bat, Noack's roundleaf bat, and the halcyon horseshoe bat known to harbor several. The hepadnovirus found in the tent-making bat, which is a New World species, was the closest relative of human hepadnoviruses. Though relatively few hepadnaviruses have been identified in bats, it is highly likely that additional strains will be discovered through further research. As of 2016, they had been found in four bat families: Hipposideridae and Rhinolophidae from the suborder Yinpterochiroptera and Molossidae and Vespertilionidae from Yangochiroptera.
Gracilimus radix, the Sulawesi root rat, is a species of rat in the family Muridae. It is a monotypic species, as it the only member of the genus Gracilimus. It is only known from the Mamasa Regency in Sulawesi, Indonesia, where it is endemic to the slopes of Mt. Gandangdewata in the Quarles Range, where it is found at an elevation of about 1600 m. The closest relative of the slender rat is the Sulawesi water rat (Waiomys mamasae), and both belong in a clade of insectivorous rodents endemic to Sulawesi.
Abkhaz is a Northwest Caucasian language and is thus related to Adyghe. It is especially close to Abaza, and they are sometimes considered dialects of the same language, Abazgi, of which the literary dialects of Abkhaz and Abaza are simply two ends of a dialect continuum. Grammatically, the two are very similar; however, the differences in phonology are substantial and are the main reason for many other linguists preferring to keep the two separate. Most linguists (instance, Chirikba 2003) believe that Ubykh is the closest relative to the Abkhaz–Abaza dialect continuum.
The red-capped parrot (Purpureicephalus spurius) is a species of broad-tailed parrot native to southwest Western Australia. It was described by Heinrich Kuhl in 1820, with no subspecies recognised. It has long been classified in its own genus owing to its distinctive elongated beak, though genetic analysis shows that it lies within the lineage of the Psephotellus parrots and that its closest relative is the mulga parrot (Psephotellus varius). Not easily confused with other parrot species, it has a bright crimson crown, green- yellow cheeks, and a distinctive long bill.
"Saltopus, a dinosauriform from the Upper Triassic of Scotland", Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Volume 101, Special Issue 3-4, pp 285 - 299 Royal Society of Edinburgh 2011. Published online: 17 May 2011 A large phylogenetic analyses of early dinosaurs and dinosauromorphs by Matthew Baron, David B. Norman and Paul Barrett (2017) recovered Saltopus near the base of the dinosaur lineage, suggesting that it may represent the closest relative of true dinosaurs.Baron, M.G., Norman, D.B., and Barrett, P.M. (2017). A new hypothesis of dinosaur relationships and early dinosaur evolution.
Indigenous people from lowlands and Perth districts of southern Western Australia knew it as widopwidop and bilyabit, though the terms were also used for the striated pardalote. Headache bird is a colloquial name given it because of the repetitive "sleep-may-be" call uttered in the breeding season. The species was placed in the new genus Pardalotus by Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot in 1816, who also coined the word "pardalote". Within the genus, its closest relative is the forty-spotted pardalote (Pardalotus quadragintus) based on size and plumage similarities.
This position is supported by DNA evidence. It has been suggested, but not widely accepted, that ground rollers are closely related to the puffbirds and jacamars. It has been speculated that the ancestor of the long-tailed ground roller was an arboreal roller that crossed over from Africa to Madagascar and developed a terrestrial lifestyle before moving from the rainforests into the long-tailed ground roller's arid scrubland. No fossils have been found for this genus, and genetic analysis suggests that this bird's closest relative is the scaly ground roller.
One of three species known as antbed parrots, the hooded parrot is closely related to (and sometimes considered a subspecies of) the golden-shouldered parrot (Psephotellus chrysopterygius). A genetic study revealed its ancestors most likely diverged from ancestors of the latter species in the late Miocene or early Pliocene at the conclusion of the 'Hill Gap'. Norwegian naturalist Robert Collett described the hooded parrot in 1898. Its species name is the Latin word dissimilis "different" and either refers to its sexual dimorphism or its different appearance from its closest relative.
The garden warbler's rich melodic song is similar to that of the blackcap, its closest relative, which competes with it for territory when nesting in the same woodland. The preferred breeding habitat in Eurasia is open woodland with dense low cover for nesting; despite its name, gardens are rarely occupied by this small passerine bird. The clutch of four or five blotched cream or white eggs is laid in a robust cup-shaped nest built near the ground and concealed by dense vegetation. The eggs are incubated for 11–12 days.
The sunbittern, a possible closest relative from Central and South America The kagu's affinities are not well resolved. It was long one of the most enigmatic birds and in more recent times is usually affiliated with the Gruiformes. It was initially classed as a member of the clade Ardeae because of the presence of powder down, similarities in plumage colour and internal anatomy, the colour of the chicks and eggs, and the change in colouration of the chick as it grows.del Hoyo, J. Elliott, A. & Sargatal, J. (editors).
The relationships of the flamecrest or Taiwan firecrest (Regulus goodfellowi) of Taiwan have also been a source of much debate. It is sometimes viewed as a race of firecrest, but its territorial song resembles those of the Himalayan races of goldcrest, and genetic data show that it is the closest relative of that species, and, despite its alternative name, only distantly related to the firecrest. The flamecrest diverged from the Goldcrest 3.0–3.1 mya (million years ago). Most members of the genus Regulus are similar in size and colour pattern.
Further evolutionary events in the development of aerobic fermentation likely increased the efficiency of this lifestyle, including increased tolerance to ethanol and the repression of the respiratory pathway. In high sugar environments, S. cerevisiae outcompetes and dominants all other yeast species, except its closest relative Saccharomyces paradoxus. The ability of S. cerevisiae to dominate in high sugar environments evolved more recently than aerobic fermentation and is dependent on the type of high-sugar environment. Other yeasts' growth is dependent on the pH and nutrients of the high-sugar environment.
Hershkovitz published again on Nectomys in 1948 after examining additional material, including the holotype of N. hammondi. He now considered the latter to be a species of Oryzomys (at the time a large genus that included most of the current members of the tribe Oryzomyini), but distinctive enough to be placed in its own subgenus. Noting that the species was "extremely long-tailed", he introduced the subgeneric name Macruroryzomys for hammondi. He also wrote that Oryzomys aphrastus (currently Sigmodontomys aphrastus), then known only from Costa Rica, may be the closest relative of hammondi.
The North African ostrich is the closest relative to the extinct Arabian ostrich from Western Asia. Following analyses of mtDNA control region haplotypes that confirmed the close relationship of the Arabian and the North African subspecies, the North African subspecies was considered suitable for introduction into areas where the Arabian subspecies used to live. In 1988–89, the ostriches, originally taken from Sudan, were introduced to National Wildlife Research Center in Saudi Arabia. A reintroduction project using the North African ostriches was set up at Mahazat as-Sayd Protected Area in 1994.
Banksia micrantha had been recorded since 1938, but considered part of a broad B. sphaerocarpa complex, until officially described in 1981 by Alex George in his monograph The genus Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae). The specific epithet (micrantha) is from ancient Greek words meaning "small" and "flower". George placed B. micrantha in Banksia subgenus Banksia because of its characteristic Banksia flower spike, section Oncostylis because its flowers have hooked styles, and series Abietinae because of its roughly spherical flower spike. Its closest relative is said to B. sphaerocarpa (fox banksia).
The frame story is narrated by a white father (Claude King), who has recently returned from India, to his son (Douglas Scott). He explains that man's closest relative in nature is the orangutan, which translates literally as "man of the forest." He then tells the story of Ali and his son Bin, natives of Sumatra, who hunt in a jungle village. Ali wants to shoot a marauding tiger, but the orangutans Tua and his baby Rango get in the way, and Rango is almost grabbed by the tiger.
A 2010 study of mitochondrial DNA of the spoonbills by Chesser and colleagues found that the yellow-billed and roseate spoonbills were each other's closest relative, and the two were descended from an early offshoot from the ancestors of the other four spoonbill species. They felt the genetic evidence meant it was equally valid to consider all six to be classified within the genus Platalea or alternatively the two placed in the monotypic genera Platibis and Ajaia respectively. However, as the six species were so similar morphologically, keeping them within the one genus made more sense.
Formerly placed in Yuhina and often still misleadingly called "white-bellied yuhina", it is the most distinct member of this "genus" in its obsolete paraphyletic delimitation. It is by no means closely related to the Timaliidae (Old World babblers), where most of the former members of Yuhina are still placed. The Timaliidae are members of the superfamily Sylvioidea in infraorder Passeri, whereas the erpornis is the closest relative of the vireos (Vireonidae), which are a more ancient lineage of songbirds. Indeed, it now is usually included in the Vireonidae as one of their few Old World representatives.
He became king and Miles of Plancy took control. He was Seneschal of Jerusalem, lord of Transjordan through marriage to Stephanie of Milly and as a member of the Montlhéry family related to Baldwin II and his descendants. Raymond III of Tripoli appealed to the high court on the grounds he was Baldwin's closest relative and was granted the role of and the rule of the kingdom. He married the richest heiress of the kingdom, Eschiva of Bures giving him Galilee and making him the most powerful baron. In July 1176 Baldwin reached the age of 15 and majority ending Raymond's role.
Hagenia is a monotypic genus of flowering plant with the sole species Hagenia abyssinica, native to the high-elevation Afromontane regions of central and eastern Africa. It also has a disjunct distribution in the high mountains of East Africa from Sudan and Ethiopia in the north, through Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Tanzania, to Malawi and Zambia in the south. It is known in English as African redwood, East African rosewood, brayera, cusso, hagenia, or kousso, in Amharic as kosso, and in Swahili as mdobore or mlozilozi. Its closest relative is the Afromontane genus Leucosidea.
The northern voalavo, or naked-tailed voalavo, or just voalavo, (Voalavo gymnocaudus), is a rodent in the family Nesomyidae found in the highlands of northern Madagascar. Discovered in 1994 and formally described in 1998, it is the type species of genus Voalavo; its closest relative is the eastern voalavo of the Central Highlands. DNA sequence data suggests it may be more closely related to Grandidier's tufted-tailed rat than to other species of the closely related genus Eliurus. The northern voalavo is found at above sea level in montane wet and dry forest in the Marojejy and Anjanaharibe-Sud massifs.
Several phylogenetic analyses place it as the sister taxon or closest relative of Aetosauria. Like aetosaurs, Revueltosaurus has two rows of paramedian osteoderms along its back and, in the cheek region of the skull, a maxilla that fits into a groove of the jugal bone. One phylogenetic analysis places Turfanosuchus dabanensis, a Middle Triassic pseudosuchian, as the sister taxon of Revueltosaurus and Aetosauria, potentially making it the earliest known "stem aetosaur" ("stem" meaning that it lies on the branch that includes aetosaurs, but is not itself an aetosaur). However, other studies have considered Turfanosuchus part of a different family of pseudosuchians, the gracilisuchids.
Varanus bitatawa was described as a new species in April 2010 by biologists from the University of Kansas. DNA analysis has revealed genetic divergence between this species and its closest relative, Gray's Monitor (Varanus olivaceus), which is also a fruit-eater, but lives on the southern end of Luzon, rather than the northern end where the forest monitor lizard lives. The known range of Varanus bitatawa is currently limited to the Sierra Madre Forest on the northeastern coast of the island of Luzon, Philippines. V. bitatawa is most closely related to another species of fruit-eating monitor from the Philippines, V. olivaceus.
Through Conrad, Frederick tried to send an imperial regent, but the anti-imperial faction in Acre argued that Jerusalem's laws allowed them to appoint their own regent. In June the Haute Cour granted the regency to Alice of Champagne, who, as the daughter of Isabella I, was Conrad's great-aunt and his closest relative living in the kingdom. Alice ordered Filangieri to be arrested, and along with the Ibelins and Venetians, besieged Tyre, which fell in July 1243. The Lombard War was over, but the king was still absent, as Conrad never came to the east.
According to the legal practice of classical Athens, Creon is obliged to marry his closest relative (Haemon) to the late king's daughter in an inverted marriage rite, which would oblige Haemon to produce a son and heir for his dead father in law. Creon would be deprived of grandchildren and heirs to his lineage – a fact which provides a strong realistic motive for his hatred against Antigone. This modern perspective has remained submerged for a long time. Martin Heidegger, in his essay, The Ode on Man in Sophocles’ Antigone, focuses on the chorus’ sequence of stophe and antistrophe that begins on line 278.
Although this animal has been historically considered a member of genus Arvicola, molecular evidence demonstrates that it is more closely related to North American Microtus species. Genetic tests have been done that suggest that the closest relative to Microtus richardsoni is Microtus pennsylvanicus (the meadow vole). Paleontological evidence suggests that M. richardsoni diverged from a Mimomys ancestral form in Siberia approximately 1.5 million years before Arvicola evolved in Europe. This would lead us to believe it is the primitive form of the genus Microtus, and that the morphological similarities between M. richardsoni and Arvicola are likely convergent traits.
King Béla IV of Hungary after the Mongol invasion, between 1255 and 1269, replaced the older, smaller church with a towering three-nave basilica. During the first phase of construction (1255–1260), the main shrine and auxiliary shrines were built, under the direction of Villard de Honnecourt. The first stage of the construction of the main church of Buda is closest relative to the Lyon Cathedral. The group of masters consisted of the builders of the Cistercian Monastery of Tišnov, Czech Republic, who during the master migration after the Mongol invasion the cousin of king Béla IV, Agnes of Bohemia, traveled to Hungary.
The Palm Treo 700p was a cell phone with advanced capabilities, commonly referred to as a smartphone. Unlike the slightly earlier Treo 700w, this model is based on Palm OS. This is the first Palm OS-based Treo model to feature high-speed cellular network support, and is also the first Treo model to support Bluetooth 1.2. While its specifications were more advanced than those of its predecessors, the Treo 700p shares an almost identical form factor with its closest relative, the Palm Treo 650. The Treo 700p was one of four Treo smartphones released in 2006.
Sclerocormus is the closest relative of Cartorhynchus, with the two forming the Nasorostra The lack of complete fossil remains has resulted in a lack of clarity about the origins of the Ichthyopterygia, including the ichthyosaurs. For many years, their fossils were considered to have abruptly appeared in the Middle Triassic with strong aquatic adaptations. The discovery of Cartorhynchus and Sclerocormus partially filled this gap. Phylogenetic analyses conducted by Motani and colleagues found that the two were closely related to each other — forming a clade (group) called the Nasorostra — and to the Ichthyopterygia, to which nasorostrans formed the sister group.
Stimulated by recent findings that the Siberian tiger is the closest relative of the Caspian tiger, albeit slightly bigger, discussions started as to whether the Siberian tiger could be appropriate for reintroduction into a safe place in Central Asia. The Amu-Darya Delta was suggested as a potential site for such a project. A feasibility study was initiated to investigate if the area is suitable and if such an initiative would receive support from relevant decision makers. A viable tiger population of about 100 animals would require at least of large tracts of contiguous habitat with rich prey populations.
In Guatemala, only 21% or of the potential area of distribution are still covered with broadleaf forest, the tanager's prime habitat. 80000 ha or 68% of the potential area of distribution is covered with coffee plantations. It is estimated that there are 8250–23250 birds left in Guatemala. For Chiapas, there is no recent estimate, but in the 1980s there were 112000 ha of suitable habitat, which is expected to be much smaller now due to a growing human population and increased pressure by agricultural activities Its closest relative appears to be the similarly-patterned grey- and-gold tanager.
In 2005 Sachs suggested that Elasmosaurus was closely related to Styxosaurus, and in 2008 Druckenmiller and Russell placed it as part of a polytomy with two groups, one containing Libonectes and Terminonatator, the other containing Callawayasaurus and Hydrotherosaurus. Ketchum and Benson's 2010 analysis included Elasmosaurus in the former group. Benson and Druckenmiller's 2013 analysis (below, left) further removed Terminonatator from this group and placed it as one step more derived. In Rodrigo Otero's 2016 analysis based on a modification of the same dataset (below, right), Elamosaurus was the closest relative of Albertonectes, forming the Styxosaurinae with Styxosaurus and Terminonatator.
Therefore, Pittsfordipterus is the sister group (closest relative) of Bassipterus. Bassipterus was also similar to Parahughmilleria, a derived adelophthalmid whose metastoma, telson and body were slightly differentiated. This has led some authors to synonymize Bassipterus with Parahughmilleria, though this is not currently supported. The cladogram below presents the inferred phylogenetic positions of most of the genera included in the three most derived superfamilies of the Diploperculata infraorder of eurypterids (Adelophthalmoidea, Pterygotioidea and the waeringopteroids), as inferred by Odd Erik Tetlie and Markus Poschmann in 2008, based on the results of a 2008 analysis specifically pertaining to the Adelophthalmoidea and a preceding 2004 analysis.
Stagonosuchus has since been considered a rauisuchid. A 2010 study on archosaurian phylogeny found Stagonosuchus to be outside both Rauisuchidae and Prestosuchidae in a more basal position within Rauisuchia. The study erected the name Rauisuchoidea to include it and other basal taxa that were closely related to rauisuchids and prestosuchids, including Ticinosuchus (traditionally thought to be a prestosuchid) and Arganasuchus and Fasolasuchus (previously considered rauisuchids). A 2011 study found Ticinosuchus to be the closest relative of Stagonosuchus despite a conspicuous difference in size between the two forms (Ticinosuchus is much more gracile than the larger Stagonosuchus).
Cordyline australis is the tallest of New Zealand's five native Cordyline species. Of these, the commonest are C. banksii, which has a slender, sweeping trunk, and C. indivisa, a handsome plant with a trunk up to tall bearing a massive head of broad leaves up to long. In the far north of New Zealand, C. australis can be distinguished by its larger heavily branched tree form, narrower leaves and smaller seeds from C. obtecta, the Three Kings cabbage tree, its closest relative. C. australis is rather variable, and forms from the northern offshore islands may be hybrids with C. obtecta.
Some phylogenetic analyses have placed "Asiatosuchus" germanicus as the sister taxon or closest relative of a group called Mekosuchinae. Mekosuchines are a group of crocodyloids from Australia and the South Pacific that are unusual in that they were highly specialized for life on land. If "A." germanicus is the sister taxon of Mekosuchinae, it may have been close to the ancestry of the group. The earliest known and most basal mekosuchine, Kambara, lived during the same time as Asiatosuchus, suggesting that Asiatosuchus or an Asiatosuchus-like crocodyloid could have dispersed into Australia as the ancestor of mekosuchines.
Offacolus is the only genus in the monotypic family Offacolidae, classified in the clade Euchelicerata together with the genus Dibasterium and the clade Prosomapoda. A phylogenetic analysis (the results presented in a cladogram below) conducted by James Lamsdell in 2013 on the relationships within the Xiphosura and the relations to other closely related groups concluded that the Xiphosura, as presently understood, was paraphyletic (a group sharing a last common ancestor but not including all descendants of this ancestor) and thus not a valid phylogenetic group. Offacolus was recovered as the sister taxon (closest relative) of Prosomapoda.
Joan was the only surviving child and heiress of Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse, Duke of Narbonne, and Marquis of Provence, so under Provençal and French law, the lands should have gone to her nearest male relative; however, in this case the closest relative was a female, Philippa de Lomagne (daughter of Marie d'Anduze, in turn eldest daughter of Pierre Bermond VI d'Anduze, eldest son of Constance of Toulouse, eldest half-sister of Raymond VII). In her will dated 23 June 1270, Joan declared Philippa as her universal heiress.Histoire Générale de Languedoc 3rd Edn, vol. VIII, Preuves, Chartes, 535, col. 1695.
However, N. talangensis differs from all of these in its combination of a wide lid without appendages and a greatly incurved peristome bearing conspicuous ribs and teeth. The pitchers of N. talangensis may also resemble those of N. jamban, but are not as broad around the mouth and have a much wider lid. Nepenthes aristolochioides is thought to be the closest relative of N. talangensis and these two species share a very similar lamina structure. However, they are easily separated by their pitchers; those of N. aristolochioides are uniquely dome-shaped and have an almost vertical pitcher opening.
Size compared to a human Measuring , Basilosaurus is one of the largest-known animals to exist from K–Pg extinction event 66 million years ago (mya) to around 15 million years ago when modern cetaceans began to reach enormous sizes. B. isis is slightly smaller than B. cetoides, with B. isis being long and B. cetoides being long. Basilosaurus is distinguished from other basilosaurids genera by its larger body size and its more elongated posterior thoracic, lumbar, and anterior caudal vertebrae. Basilosaurus does not have the vertically oriented metapophyses seen in its closest relative the basilosaurid known as Basiloterus.
North Frisian language is spoken on a few islands in the North Sea. While native English speakers are generally able to read Scots, except for the odd unfamiliar word, Frisian is largely unintelligible (though it was much closer to modern English's predecessors, Middle English and especially Old English). After Scots and Frisian, the next closest relative is modern Low German of the eastern Netherlands and northern Germany, which was the old homeland of the Anglo-Saxon invaders of Britain. Other less closely related living languages include Dutch, German, and the Scandinavian languages (which do _not_ include Finnish).
The Warlpiri language is a member of the Ngumpin-Yapa subgroup of the Pama-Nyungan family of languages. The name Yapa comes from the word for "person", and is also used by the Warlpiri people to refer to themselves, as Indigenous people rather than "kardiya" (non-Indigenous). The closest relative to Warlpiri is Warlmanpa. It has four main dialects, (1)Yuendumu Warlpiri, in the south-west; (2)Willowra Walpiri, in the central area, around the Lander River; (3)the northern dialect, Lajamanu Warlpiri; and (4) the eastern dialect of Wakirti Warlpiri, spoken on the Hanson River.
The closest relative of the Sawi language is the southern variety of Palula spoken in Ashret further up the Kunar Valley in Chitral. Many Sawi speakers are aware of the similarity between the two languages, and some consider the people of Ashret as their "brothers". Henrik Liljegren's study of the shared linguistic features and the local oral traditions suggest that the ancestors of these language communities are likely to have migrated from the present-day Diamer District on the Indus River. There was probably an early split between Northern and Southern Palula, with Sawi subsequently branching off from the latter.
Tarbosaurus and Tyrannosaurus, if not synonymous, are considered to be at least closely related genera. Alioramus, also from Mongolia, has previously been thought by some authorities to be the closest relative of Tarbosaurus, though this has since been disproven with the discovery of Qianzhousaurus and the description of the Alioramini. Like most known tyrannosaurids, Tarbosaurus was a large bipedal predator, weighing up to and equipped with about sixty large teeth. It had a unique locking mechanism in its lower jaw and the smallest forelimbs relative to body size of all tyrannosaurids, renowned for their disproportionately tiny, two-fingered forelimbs.
Skeletons of a female and a male, Hunterian Museum The Rodrigues solitaire shared traits with the dodo, its closest relative, such as size and features in the skull, pelvis, and sternum. It differed in other aspects; it was taller and more slender than the dodo and had a smaller skull and beak, a flatter skull roof, and larger orbits. Its neck and legs were proportionally longer, and the dodo did not possess an equivalent to the carpal knob of the Rodrigues solitaire. Many skeletal features of the Rodrigues solitaire and dodo that are unique among pigeons have evolved to adapt to flightlessness.
The American lobster (Homarus americanus) is a species of lobster found on the Atlantic coast of North America, chiefly from Labrador to New Jersey. It is also known as Atlantic lobster, Canadian lobster, true lobster, northern lobster, Canadian Reds, or Maine lobster. It can reach a body length of , and a mass of over , making it not only the heaviest crustacean in the world, but also the heaviest of all living arthropod species. Its closest relative is the European lobster Homarus gammarus, which can be distinguished by its coloration and the lack of spines on the underside of the rostrum.
Inspired by findings that the Amur tiger is the closest relative of the Caspian tiger, there has been discussion whether the Amur tiger could be an appropriate subspecies for reintroduction into a safe place in Central Asia. The Amu-Darya Delta was suggested as a potential site for such a project. A feasibility study was initiated to investigate if the area is suitable and if such an initiative would receive support from relevant decision makers. A viable tiger population of about 100 animals would require at least of large tracts of contiguous habitat with rich prey populations.
For his only surviving nephew, Emmanuel, the son of his brother Louis Thomas, Eugene arranged marriage with one of the daughters of Prince Liechtenstein, but Emmanuel died of smallpox in 1729. With the death of Emmanuel's son in 1734, no close male relatives remained to succeed the Prince. His closest relative, therefore, was Louis Thomas's unmarried daughter, Princess Maria Anna Victoria of Savoy, daughter of his eldest brother, the count of Soissons, whom Eugene had never met and had made no effort to do so.McKay: Prince Eugene of Savoy, 203 Princess Anna Victoria inherited Eugene's immense possessions.
Skull, Paleozoological Museum of China Shansisuchus belongs to a group of reptiles called Archosauriformes, which is today represented by crocodilians and birds but also includes a diversity of extinct forms extending back to the Late Permian. It is a basal archosauriform that lies outside Archosauria, the crown group originating with the last common ancestor of birds and crocodilians. When Shansisuchus was first described, Yang placed it in its own family, Shansisuchidae. In 1992 Shansisuchus was reassigned to the family Erythrosuchidae and proposed to be the closest relative of the genus Vjushkovia (now considered a synonym ofGarjainia).
Bulgaria's highest-ranked higher education institution is Sofia University. Bulgarian is the only language with official status and native for % of the population. In the 2011 census, the language question was optional and it was answered by 90.2% of those surveyed. It belongs to the Slavic group of languages, but it has a number of grammatical peculiarities, shared with its closest relative Macedonian, that set it apart from other Slavic languages: these include a complex verbal morphology (which also codes for distinctions in evidentiality), the absence of noun cases and infinitives, and the use of a suffixed definite article.
Banksia elderiana was first collected on the Elder Exploring Expedition on 17 September 1891 by Richard Helms, from a location around northeast of Queen Victoria Spring in the Great Victoria Desert. It was formally described by Ferdinand von Mueller and Ralph Tate in 1893 in the journal Botanisches CentralBlatt. Its specific name honours Sir Thomas Elder, who sponsored the expedition during which it was collected. Alex George placed Banksia elderiana in the series Cyrtostylis, and felt its closest relative to be B. lullfitzii on the basis of its similar leaves and propensity of both to form tangled shrubs.
Pauropods are thought to be the closest relative of millipedes. Although the relationships of millipede orders are still the subject of debate, the class Diplopoda as a whole is considered a monophyletic group of arthropods: all millipedes are more closely related to each other than to any other arthropods. Diplopoda is a class within the arthropod subphylum Myriapoda, the myriapods, which includes centipedes (class Chilopoda) as well as the lesser-known pauropods (class Pauropoda) and symphylans (class Symphyla). Within myriapods, the closest relatives or sister group of millipedes has long been considered the pauropods, which also have a collum and diplosegments.
The rails are a bird family comprising nearly 150 species. Although the origins of the group are lost in antiquity, the largest number of species and the most primitive forms are found in the Old World, suggesting that this family originated there. The taxonomy of the small crakes is complicated, but the closest relative of the African crake is the corn crake, C. crex, which breeds in Europe and Asia, but winters in Africa. The African crake was first described as Ortygometra egregia by Wilhelm Peters in 1854 from a specimen collected in Mozambique, but the genus name failed to become established.
The willet (Tringa semipalmata), formerly in the monotypic genus Catoptrophorus as Catoptrophorus semipalmatus, is a large shorebird in the family Scolopacidae. It is a relatively large and robust sandpiper, and is the largest of the species called "shanks" in the genus Tringa. Its closest relative is the lesser yellowlegs, a much smaller bird with a very different appearance apart from the fine, clear, and dense pattern of the neck, which both species show in breeding plumage. It breeds in North America and the West Indies and winters in southern North America, Central America, the West Indies and South America.
They were descendants of serfs landlord Durenova in Simbirsk, which were then in possession of a landowner, first Chubareva then Milashevoy. From the latter, they moved her to the closest relative, the rich Astrakhan fishermen Sapozhnikov and were brought to live in his castle estate on the lower Volga in the village: Harban Zhitnaya Sedlistoe etc. Before the revolution in the village, there were about 90 yards of buildings, many of which were made of wood. Ola hill (the fishermen call it more so) the front end of a promontory sticking out far in the pre-space.
Many of the skeletal features that distinguish the dodo and the Rodrigues solitaire, its closest relative, from pigeons have been attributed to their flightlessness. The pelvic elements were thicker than those of flighted pigeons to support the higher weight, and the pectoral region and the small wings were paedomorphic, meaning that they were underdeveloped and retained juvenile features. The skull, trunk and pelvic limbs were peramorphic, meaning that they changed considerably with age. The dodo shared several other traits with the Rodrigues solitaire, such as features of the skull, pelvis, and sternum, as well as their large size.
The southern tamandua is found in South America from Venezuela and Trinidad to northern Argentina, southern Brazil, and Uruguay at elevations to . It inhabits both wet and dry forests, including tropical rainforest, savanna, and thorn scrub. It seems to be most common in habitats near streams and rivers, especially those thick with vines and epiphytes (presumably because its prey is common in these areas). The oldest fossil tamanduas date from the Pleistocene of South America, although genetic evidence suggests they may have diverged from their closest relative, the giant anteater, in the late Miocene, 12.9 million years ago.
The superb fairywren is one of eleven species of the genus Malurus, commonly known as fairywrens, found in Australia and lowland New Guinea. Within the genus, the superb fairywren's closest relative is the splendid fairywren; these two "blue wrens" are also related to the purple-crowned fairywren of northwestern Australia. William Anderson, surgeon and naturalist on Captain James Cook's third voyage, collected the first superb fairywren specimen in 1777 while traveling off the coast of eastern Tasmania, in Bruny Island's Adventure Bay. He classified it in the genus Motacilla because its tail reminded him of the European wagtails.
Few studies has precisely identified the exact diet of the collared owlet, but we can presume that it is similar to the diet of its closest relative, the jungle owlet. The jungle owlet is seen to prey on small mammals such as house mice, little Indian field mice, brown spiny mice and white-toothed pygmy shrews; reptiles such as skinks; birds; amphibians and many invertebrates. Therefore, the diet of the collared owlet consists mainly on small birds, insect, lizards, invertebrates and small mammals. Although its small size, this raptor is extremely fierce and has been seen to capture prey as large as itself.
The African river martin is the white-eyed river martin's closest relative, and the two species may have similar breeding habits. Since its breeding grounds are undiscovered, nothing is known about the white-eyed river martin's breeding biology, although it is suggested that it may nest in burrows in river sandbars, probably in April or May before the monsoon rain raises water levels. However, distinct differences in foot and toe morphology from its African relative have led some authorities to speculate that even the assumption that it nests in burrows could be incorrect. In winter, it roosts with barn swallows in reed beds.
The Inaccessible Island rail (Laterallus rogersi) is a small bird of the rail family, Rallidae. Endemic to Inaccessible Island in the Tristan Archipelago in the isolated south Atlantic, it is the smallest extant flightless bird in the world. The species was described by physician Percy Lowe in 1923 but had first come to the attention of scientists 50 years earlier. The Inaccessible Island rail's affinities and origin were a long-standing mystery; in 2018 its closest relative was identified as the South American dot-winged crake (Porzana spiloptera), and it was proposed that both species should be nested within the genus Laterallus.
Some studies have indicated that Hydrophyllaceae is paraphyletic if the tribe Nameae is included within it, but further studies will be needed to resolve this issue. The inclusion of the genus Hoplestigma in Boraginales was occasionally doubted until it was strongly confirmed in a cladistic study in 2014. Hoplestigma is the closest relative of Cordiaceae and it has been recommended that the latter be expanded to include it. Hydrolea was thought to belong in Hydrophyllaceae for more than a century after it was placed there by Asa Gray, but it is now known to belong in the order Solanales as sister to Sphenoclea.
Other authors simply state that the Sorraia has "evident primitive characteristics", although they do not refer to a specific ancestor. However, there have been no genetic studies comparing the Sorraia with the Tarpan, and similarity of external morphology is an unreliable measure of relatedness. Genetic studies to date have been inconclusive about the closest relative of the Sorraia. On one hand, studies using mitochondrial DNA showed a relationship with the Przewalski's Horse, in that Przewalski's Horse has a unique haplotype (A2) not found in domestic horses, which differs by just one single nucleotide from one of the major Sorraia haplotypes (JSO41, later A7).
However, it is intermediate in its characteristics between common treecreeper and short-toed treecreeper, and has sometimes in the past been considered a subspecies of the former, although its closest relative seems to be the latter (Tietze et al., 2006). Since the two European treecreepers are themselves among the most difficult species on that continent to distinguish from each other, a brown creeper would probably not even be suspected, other than on a treeless western island, and would be difficult to verify even then. Brown Creepers prefer mature, moist, coniferous forests or mixed coniferous/deciduous forests.
Adult Cuban orioles are black with a blue grey patch on the lower mandible and yellow patches on the coverts, rump, and upper thigh. The appearance of Cuban orioles is similar to that of Bahama, Puerto Rico, and Hispaniola orioles; a fact which contributed to the four birds being grouped into one species. Cuban orioles have the darkest coloration of the Greater Antillean orioles despite the fact that its closest relative, the Bahama oriole, displays the most yellow out of the same group. Like many other orioles such as Bahama and the Orchard orioles, Cuban orioles show delayed plumage maturation.
Philadelphia English is a variety or dialect of American English native to Philadelphia and extending into Philadelphia's metropolitan area throughout the Delaware Valley and South Jersey, including Atlantic City and Wilmington, Delaware. Philadelphia English is one of the best-studied types of English, as Philadelphia's University of Pennsylvania is the home institution of pioneering sociolinguist William Labov. Philadelphia English shares certain features with New York City English and Midland American English, although it is a distinct dialect. The closest relative of the Philadelphia accent is the Baltimore accent, both of which constitute what Labov describes as a single "Mid-Atlantic" regional dialect.
Restoration Sclerocormus is much larger than its closest relative Cartorhynchus, with a total body length of close to 1.6 metres (~5.2 ft). Its proportions were unusual amongst basal ichthyosauriformes, with a short, heavily built trunk, a very long tail over 92 cm long (58% of the total body length), and a small skull with a short, narrow snout and toothless jaws. Like Cartorhynchus, the skull of Sclerocormus is wide, with a short, edentulous snout much narrower than the skull roof. The skull is unusually short at only 6.25% of its body length, compared to 12% in Chaohusaurus and 15% in Hupehsuchus.
Top of the head is mostly blackish with irregular auburn-orange markings on the internasals, prefrontals, frontal, parietals, loreals, postoculars, temporals, and two ultimate supralabials. Most conspicuous features are an orange-auburn Y-shaped marking along frontal-parietal and interparietal sutures, followed by an orange nuchal collar. The closest relative of the new species, based on morphological similarities, appears to be Rhadinella pilonaorum, which occurs in a relatively mesic habitat of pine- oak forest located about 90 km southwest from the type-locality of the new species. It has been recorded only at Heloderma Natural Reserve, El Arenal, Zacapa, Guatemala.
Weksler, 2006, p. 72 Together, the three genera form part of a large group of oryzomyines ("clade D"), which contains tens of other species. Several of those display some adaptations to life in the water, being partially aquatic, as do Pseudoryzomys and its relatives. Morphological data indicate that the genus Oryzomys is the closest relative of the group that includes Pseudoryzomys, but DNA sequence data from the nuclear IRBP gene did not support this relationship; convergent adaptations towards a semiaquatic lifestyle may explain the morphological support for a relation between Oryzomys and the other three genera.
The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a large bear species found across Eurasia and North America. In North America, the populations of brown bears are called grizzly bears. It is one of the largest living terrestrial members of the order Carnivora, rivaled in size only by its closest relative, the polar bear (Ursus maritimus), which is much less variable in size and slightly bigger on average. The brown bear's range includes parts of Russia, Central Asia, China, Canada, the United States, Hokkaido, Scandinavia, the Balkans, the Picos de Europa and the Carpathian region, especially Romania, Bulgaria, Iran, Anatolia and the Caucasus.
Although it was long presumed that the kiwi was closely related to the other New Zealand ratites, the moa, recent DNA studies have identified its closest relative as the extinct elephant bird of Madagascar, and among extant ratites, the kiwi is more closely related to the emu and the cassowaries than to the moa. Research published in 2013 on an extinct genus, Proapteryx, known from the Miocene deposits of the Saint Bathans Fauna, found that it was smaller and probably capable of flight, supporting the hypothesis that the ancestor of the kiwi reached New Zealand independently from moas, which were already large and flightless by the time kiwi appeared.
Gregory Mathews described the forest raven as a distinct subspecies—Corvus marianae tasmanicus—of the Australian raven in 1912, its species name derived from Tasmania, the type locality. Rowley raised the forest raven to species rank in 1970, noting there were no intermediate forms between it and the little raven (its closest relative) and that it was clearly larger with a much more massive bill. He described a second subspecies—Corvus tasmanicus boreus—the same year, observing that C. tasmanicus from Tasmania and southern Victoria has a very short tail compared with individuals from the northern New South Wales population. Rowley gave the species name forest raven in 1970.
A member of the genus Latrodectus in the family Theridiidae, the redback belongs in a clade with the black widow spider, with the katipō as its closest relative. A 2004 molecular study supports the redback's status as a distinct species, as does the unique abdomen-presenting behaviour of the male during mating. The close relationship between the two species is shown when mating: the male redback is able to successfully mate with a female katipō producing hybrid offspring. However, the male katipō is too heavy to mate with the female redback, as it triggers a predatory response in the female when it approaches the web, causing the female to eat it.
The butterfly genus Heliconius contains some species that are extremely difficult to tell apart. In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance that the boundaries between them are often unclear. Terms that are sometimes used synonymously but have more precise meanings are cryptic species for two or more species hidden under one species name, sibling species for two cryptic species that are each other's closest relative, and species flock for a group of closely related species that live in the same habitat. As informal taxonomic ranks, species group, species aggregate, and superspecies are also in use.
Left foot of the holotype The position of Balaur relative to other bird-like dinosaurs and early birds has been difficult to determine. The initial phylogenetic analysis placed Balaur bondoc closest to the Asiatic mainland dromaeosaurid species Velociraptor mongoliensis. A 2013 study by Brusatte and colleagues, using a modified version of the same data, found it in an unresolved close relationship with the dromaeosaurids Deinonychus and Adasaurus, with some possible alternative trees suggesting it branched off before the common ancestor of Deinonychus and Velociraptor, while others maintained it as the closest relative of Velociraptor, with Adasaurus as their next closest relative.Brusatte, S. L. et al. (2013).
According to a phylogenetic analysis that accompanied the first description of the species, A. figarii is the sister taxon or closest relative of the clade Crocodyliformes, a large group that originated in the Late Triassic and includes modern crocodilians. It is also a close relative of "sphenosuchians", a paraphyletic group of more basal non-crocodyliform crocodylomorphs. Almadasuchus is most closely related to the "sphenosuchian" Junggarsuchus from the Middle Jurassic of China. Almadasuchus is one of only four non-crocodyliform crocodylomorphs known from after the Early Jurassic, the others being Junggarsuchus and two "sphenosuchians" from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation in the western United States, Hallopus and Macelognathus.
A molecular genetic study by Sorenson and Payne (2005) found that the closest relative of Eudynamys is the dwarf koel (Microdynamis parva), and beyond that the thick-billed cuckoo (Pachycoccyx audeberti). They found that the long-tailed cuckoo (Urodynamis taitensis) of New Zealand and the Pacific, which had earlier been placed in Eudynamys as E. taitensis and sometimes called the long-tailed koel, was more distantly related, along with other members of the tribe Cuculini, including the white-crowned cuckoo (Cacomantis leucolophus), also known as the white- crowned koel. However, not all the evidence for the relationships was very strong and further research was required.Sorenson, Michael D.; Payne, Robert B. (2005).
The mountain tapir is the least specialised of the living species of tapir, and has changed the least since the origin of the genus in the early Miocene. Genetic studies have shown that mountain tapirs diverged from its closest relative, the Brazilian tapir, in the late Pliocene, around three million years ago. This would have been shortly after the formation of the Panamanian Isthmus, allowing the ancestors of the two living species to migrate southward from their respective points of origin in Central America as part of the Great American Interchange. However, the modern species most likely originated in the Andes, some time after this early migration.
Kritosaurus was a hadrosaurine hadrosaurid, a flat-headed or solid-crested duckbill. Though many species and specimens have been referred to the genus in the past, most of them do not show the shared distinguishing characteristics to allow them to be considered part of the genus, or have been synonymized with other genera of hadrosaurs. The closest relative of Kritosaurus navajovius is Anasazisaurus horneri (or Kritosaurus horneri), which, together with close relatives such as Gryposaurus and Secernosaurus, form a clade called the Kritosaurini within the larger clade Saurolophinae. Location and time separate Kritosaurus and the slightly older, primarily Canadian Gryposaurus, along with some cranial details.
Still, this is based on regal-like and kungic-like behaviors and this does not address the needed psychological flexibility for regality theory and culture as a whole. Studies of the social structures of non-human primates, some social carnivores, and hymenoptera may show regal and kungic societal patterns. Non-human primates, as human's closest relative, are subject to the most studies to observe "human-unique" characteristics in non- human species as a whole. Chimpanzees and bonobos make the most popular example of non-human species potentially displaying regal and kungic societal patterns, though studies of their social organization were not necessarily targeting evidence of regality theory.
This gull has traditionally been believed to be most closely related to either the kittiwakes, Sabine's gull, or Ross's gull. It differs anatomically from the other genera by having a relatively short tarsometatarsus, a narrower os pubis, and potentially more flexibility in skull kinetic structure. Structurally, it is most similar to the kittiwakes; however, recent genetic analysis based on mtDNA sequences shows that Sabine's gull is the ivory gull's closest relative, followed by the kittiwakes, with Ross's gull and swallow- tailed gull sharing a clade with these species. "Pagophila" is maintained as a unique genus because of the bird's morphological, behavioral and ecological differences from these species.
The Malagasy language originates from the Southeast Barito languages, and the Ma'anyan language is its closest relative, with numerous Malay and Javanese loanwords.Otto Chr. Dahl, Malgache et Maanjan: une comparaison linguistique, Egede-Instituttet Avhandlinger, no. 3 (Oslo: Egede-Instituttet, 1951), p. 13.There are also some Sulawesi loanwords, which Adelaar attributes to contact prior to the migration to Madagascar: See K. Alexander Adelaar, “The Indonesian Migrations to Madagascar: Making Sense of the Multidisciplinary Evidence”, in Truman Simanjuntak, Ingrid Harriet Eileen Pojoh and Muhammad Hisyam (eds.), Austronesian Diaspora and the Ethnogeneses of People in Indonesian Archipelago, (Jakarta: Indonesian Institute of Sciences, 2006), pp. 8–9.
S. quadripunctata was first described by the French entomologist and former president of the French Entomologist Society Amédéé Louis Michel le Peletier in 1836. Although originally placed in the genus Trigona, more recent taxonomic evaluations have since placed it under its current genus, following the 1943 work of Padre J.S. Moure, occasionally referred to as "the Father of Brazilian Bee Taxonomy". However, some still consider the term Schwarziana as a subgenus rather than genus and instead incorrectly classify it under the closely related genus Plebeia. The closest relative of S. quadripunctata is the species Schwarziana mourei, determined through morphological and genetic evidence collected in the early twenty-first century.
A 2013 molecular study by Marcel Cardillo and colleagues using chloroplast DNA and combining it with earlier results found that B. aculeata was sister to B. lemanniana and that B. caleyi was the next closest relative. Early in 2007 Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement by transferring Dryandra to Banksia, and publishing B. subg. Spathulatae for the species having spoon-shaped cotyledons; in this way they also redefined the autonym B. subg. Banksia. They foreshadowed publishing a full arrangement once DNA sampling of Dryandra was complete; in the meantime, if Mast and Thiele's nomenclatural changes are taken as an interim arrangement, then B. aculeata is placed in B. subg. Banksia.
The white-bellied sea eagle was first described by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in 1788, although John Latham had made notes on the species in 1781, from a specimen obtained in February 1780 at Princes Island off the westernmost cape of Java during Captain Cook's last voyage. Its specific name is derived from the Ancient Greek leuko- 'white', and gaster 'belly'. Its closest relative is the little- known Sanford's sea eagle of the Solomon Islands. These form a superspecies, and as is usual in other sea eagle superspecies, one (the white-bellied sea eagle) has a white head, as opposed to the other species' dark head.
Fossils of the genus have been found in the Mustersan Sarmiento Formation of Argentina, in the Tinguirirican (Late Eocene to Early Oligocene) Abanico Formation in the Tinguiririca valley in the Cordillera Principal of the Chilean Andes and the Deseadan Salla Formation of Bolivia. P.chilensis is known from a damaged skull with mandible and some damaged skull fragments. The species can differentiated from others based on a number of features: it is larger, has thinner teeth and less angled cusps on the molars. The discovery of this species lead researchers to the conclusion that the genus Pseudoglyptodon is the closest relative of the sloths depending on how the word "sloth" is defined.
George placed B. telmatiaea in subgenus Banksia because its inflorescence is a typical Banksia flower spike, section Oncostylis because it has hooked styles, and series Abietinae because its inflorescence is roughly spherical. He considered its closest relative to be B. leptophylla (Slender-leaved Banksia), which differs from B. telmatiaea in having longer leaves and larger flowers; yet in his arrangement he placed it between B. scabrella (Burma Road Banksia) and B. laricina (Rose-fruited Banksia). In 1996, Kevin Thiele and Pauline Ladiges published the results of a cladistic analysis of morphological characters of Banksia. They retained George's subgenera and many of his series, but discarded his sections.
Oncostylis was further divided into four series. After its discovery, B. seminuda placed in series Spicigerae because its inflorescences are cylindrical. Red-flowered form in late bud In 1996, Kevin Thiele and Pauline Ladiges published a new arrangement for the genus, after cladistic analyses yielded a cladogram significantly different from George's arrangement. With respect to B. seminuda, their findings largely accorded with George's arrangement: section Oncostylis was discarded as polyphyletic, but series Spicigerae was inferred to be monophyletic, and B. seminuda appeared as the closest relative of a clades of B. littoralis and B. verticillata: This clade became the basis of Thiele and Ladiges' B. subser.
In 1920, when Burt was operating an ice- cream parlor and confectioner business in downtown Youngstown, he developed a chocolate coating that was "compatible" with ice cream. According to testimony provided by his widow more than a decade after his death, Burt came up with the idea of inserting a wooden stick into a chocolate-covered bar of ice cream in either 1920 or 1921. This was at least a year before the appearance of the Good Humor bar's closest relative, the Eskimo Pie. On January 30, 1922, Burt applied for patents that would cover the process and manufacturing apparatus as well as the product itself.
The Hon Khoai squirrel (Callosciurus honkhoaiensis) is a species of squirrel in the family Sciuridae endemic to the small island group of Hon Khoai, which is located off the Indochinese Peninsula off the coast of south Vietnam. It can be physically differentiated from other species of Callosciurus by the hairs at the tip of the tail being white with a black base, as well as the cream-colored ventral side and feet. This species was likely separated from the mainland by the repeated glaciations and interglaciations during the Pleistocene. Its closest relative is the gray-bellied squirrel (Callosciurus caniceps), which it diverged from as early as the Pliocene.
Scandinavian languages are often considered a dialect continuum, where no sharp dividing lines are seen between the different vernacular languages. Like Norwegian and Swedish, Danish was significantly influenced by Low German in the Middle Ages, and has been influenced by English since the turn of the 20th century. Danish itself can be divided into three main dialect areas: West Danish (Jutlandic), Insular Danish (including the standard variety), and East Danish (including Bornholmian and Scanian). Under the view that Scandinavian is a dialect continuum, East Danish can be considered intermediary between Danish and Swedish, while Scanian can be considered a Swedified East Danish dialect, and Bornholmsk is its closest relative.
The closest relative of Kluyveromyces marxianus is the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis, often used in the dairy industry. Both Kluyveromyces and Saccharomyces are considered a part of the "Sacchromyces complex", subclade of the Saccharomycetes. Using 18S rRNA gene sequencing, it was suggested that K. marxianus, K. aestuarii, K. dobzhanskii, K. lactic, K. wickerhamii, K. blattae, K. thermotolerans, and K. waltii collectively constituted a distinct clade of separate ancestry from the central clade in the genus Kluyveromyces. Within this complex, two categories are defined based on the presence in certain taxa of a whole-genome duplication event: the two clades are referred to as pre-Whole Genome Duplication (WGD) and post-WGD.
This bird was assigned to the genus Alectroenas, but this was erroneous. It is most similar to that of the ground doves (Gallicolumba) or to a miniature version of the sternum of an imperial pigeon (Ducula). If this similarity is not based on convergence, considering the evolutionary relationships of the dodo and the Rodrigues solitaire, the Rodrigues pigeon is quite possibly the closest relative of the Raphidae that was still alive in historic times. This does not mean that there is any close relationship between this bird and the didine pigeons, only that both derived, independently, from the same Indo-Asiatic lineage, which became extinct millions of years ago.
The first person to suggest a close affinity to the doves was Johannes Theodor Reinhardt, whose opinions were then supported by Hugh Edwin Strickland and Alexander Gordon Melville. Recent extractions of DNA from the dodo and Rodrigues solitaire, as well as 37 species of doves, has found where in Columbidae the raphines should be placed. Surprisingly, raphines are not the most primitive columbid, instead they are grouped with the Nicobar pigeon as their closest relative, with other closely related birds being the crowned pigeons and tooth-billed pigeon. A third raphine, Raphus solitarius, is now considered to be an ibis in the genus Threskiornis.
It was first encountered in September 2012. Its closest relative is Eleryi's tube-nosed bat (Murina eleryi). As the genus Murina is split into species groups, the Bala tube-nosed bat is placed into the suilla group, which also contains the little tube-nosed bat, Beelzebub's tube-nosed bat, the ashy-gray tube-nosed bat, Eleryi's tube- nosed bat, the slender tube-nosed bat, Murina harpioloides, the greater tube- nosed bat, Murina recondita, the forest tube-nosed bat (sometimes considered synonymous with the Ussuri tube-nosed bat), the brown tube-nosed bat, Scully's tube-nosed bat, and Ussuri tube-nosed bat.Corbet, G. B., & Hill, J. E. (1992).
The white-eyed river martin (Pseudochelidon sirintarae) is a passerine bird, one of only two members of the river martin subfamily of the swallows. Since it has significant differences from its closest relative, the African river martin, it is sometimes placed in its own genus, Eurochelidon. First found in 1968, it is known only from a single wintering site in Thailand, and may be extinct, since it has not been seen since 1980 despite targeted surveys in Thailand and neighbouring Cambodia. It may possibly still breed in China or Southeast Asia, but a Chinese painting initially thought to depict this species was later reassessed as showing pratincoles.
The pale-winged trumpeter (Psophia leucoptera), also known as the white-winged trumpeter, is a species of bird in the family Psophiidae. It is found in the southwestern Amazon rainforest of Brazil, northern Bolivia, and eastern Peru. It has two subspecies: The widespread nominate has a white rump and is found south of the Amazon River and west of the Madeira River, while ochroptera has a yellowish rump and is found between the Amazon River and the lower Rio Negro. Genetic evidence suggests the closest relative of ochroptera is the grey-winged trumpeter, leading some to treat it as a separate species, the ochre-winged trumpeter (P. ochroptera).
The Owens tui chub (Siphateles bicolor snyderi) was described in 1973 as a subspecies of tui chub endemic to the Owens River Basin in Eastern California, United States. The Owens tui chub is distinguished from its closest relative, the Lahontan tui chub, by scales with a weakly developed or absent basal shield, 13 to 29 lateral and apical radii, also by the structure of its pharyngeal arches, the number of anal fin rays, 10 to 14 gill rakers, and 52 to 58 lateral line scales. Dorsal and lateral coloration varies from bronze to dusky green, grading to silver or white on the belly. It may reach a total length of .
Reisfield is unsure why Epling "used the invalid name (the synonym rather than the valid name S. concolor), nor why he considered this species close to S. divinorum". The 2010 study demonstrated Salvia divinorums closest relative to be Salvia venulosa—a rare and endemic Salvia that is native to Colombia, growing in shaded, wooded gullies at elevation. It also showed that Salvia divinorum does not belong to the Salvia section Dusenostachys, as believed earlier. The genetic study also indicated that Salvia venulosa was likely misplaced into Salvia section Tubiflorae, and that it may not be related to other Colombia Salvia species, though further tests are needed.
In 2008, Nanahughmilleria patteni was recognized as a different and much more basal species, and therefore a new genus, Eysyslopterus, was named by Tetlie and Markus Poschmann. The carapace of Eysyslopterus and other basal members of the closely related Pterygotioidea (Herefordopterus) and the waeringopteroids (Orcanopterus) has been shown as almost identical, only differing between them by the position of the eyes. Due to the intramarginal position of the eyes, Eysyslopterus has been classified within Adelophthalmidae, but it has also been suggested that it is the sister taxon (closest relative) of a clade formed by Adelophthalmoidea and Pterygotioidea. However, this can not be demonstrated until more fossil material is found.
As it was named first, the binomial name of the Réunion parakeet is used for the species; the Réunion subspecies thereby became P. eques eques, while the Mauritius subspecies became P. eques echo. Their closest relative was the extinct Newton's parakeet of Rodrigues, and the three are grouped among the subspecies of the rose-ringed parakeet (from which they diverged) of Asia and Africa. The echo parakeet is long, weighs , and its wingspan is . It is generally green (the female is darker overall) and has two collars on the neck; the male has one black and one pink collar, and the female has one green and one indistinct black collar.
Eleonora's falcon (Falco eleonorae) is a medium-sized falcon. It belongs to the hobby group, a rather close-knit number of similar falcons often considered a subgenus Hypotriorchis. The sooty falcon is sometimes considered its closest relative, but while they certainly belong to the same lineage, they do not seem to be close sister species. The English name and the species name eleonorae commemorate Eleanor of Arborea, Queen or Lady-Judge () and national heroine of Sardinia, who in 1392, under the jurisdiction conferred by the Carta de Logu, became the first ruler in history to grant protection to hawk and falcon nests against illegal hunters.
The only member of his family to have actively encouraged his work in science was his maternal grandfather, whom he cherished and affectionately called "Pop-Pop", and who died when Sheldon was five years old. Pop-Pop's loss is what caused Sheldon to despise Christmas when his Christmas wish to bring Pop-Pop back did not come true. Sheldon's closest relative is his maternal grandmother whom he affectionately calls "Meemaw", and who in turn calls him "Moon Pie". His aunt was also said to have encouraged his work in science by giving him medical equipment, "in case his work in physics failed, he'd have a 'trade' to fall back on".
Longan witches broom-associated virus is not closely related to other members of the family Potyviridae. The genus it has the closest phylogenetic affinity to is Tritimovirus, but there is no support to include it in that genus or any other established genus, and so its generic placement is currently incertae sedis (uncertain). Instead of comparing sequences of RNA nucleotides directly, transcribing the RNA nucleotide sequence into an amino acid sequence yields Rose yellow mosaic virus (RoYMV), the sole member of the monotypic genus Roymovirus, as the closest relative of LWBaV. Further study is needed to determine the precise relationship between RoYMV and LWBaV.
As in every other Arabic-speaking land, native speakers of Andalusian Arabic were diglossic, that is, they spoke their local dialect in all low-register situations, but only Classical Arabic was resorted to when a high register was required and for written purposes as well. Andalusian Arabic belongs to the pre-Hilalian dialects of the Maghrebi Arabic family, with its closest relative being Moroccan Arabic. Like other Maghrebi Arabic dialects, Andalusian does not differentiate between sedentary and bedouin varieties. By contrast, Andalusian does not show any detectable difference between religious communities, such as Muslim Muladis, Christian Mozarabs, and Jews, unlike in North Africa where Judeo-Arabic dialects were common.
Nahan's partridge (Ptilopachus nahani), also known as the Nahan's francolin, is a bird traditionally placed in the family Phasianidae. As suggested by its alternative name, it was formerly believed to be a francolin and placed either in Francolinus or Pternistis, but it is now known that its closest relative is the stone partridge and together may in fact be the only African representatives of the New World quails (Odontophoridae).Crowe, T. M., Bowie, R.C.K., Bloomer, P., Mandiwana, T.G., Hedderson, T.A.J., Randi, E., Pereira, S., & Wakeling, J. (2006). Phylogenetics, biogeography and classification of, and character evolution in, gamebirds (Aves: Galliformes): Effects of character exclusion, data partitioning and missing data.
Ufudocyclops is distinguished from other kannemeyeriiform dicynodonts, as well as Angonisaurus, by its 'X'-shaped intertemporal bar and deep triangular depression behind the pineal foramen, as well as by the extension of the jugal beneath the eyes and the two distinctly separated nasal bosses. The relationship of Ufudocyclops with other dicynodonts was tested phylogenetically by Kammerer and colleagues by combining the data from three other recently updated analyses (Angielcyzk & Kammerer 2017, Angielcyzk et al. 2018, and Kammerer 2018) and the new information from the holotype of Ufudocyclops. A simplified cladogram, an excerpt from the full analysis, focused on the relationships of Ufudocyclops within Kannemeyeriiformes is shown below: Skull of Stahleckeria, possibly the closest relative of Ufudocyclops.
Its inflorescence is roughly 2 centimeters wide and tall, with some 20 flowers clustered together at the end of the stems. Richea sprengelioides in general is easily identified though it may be confused with a couple of other species found in Tasmania. One of the main features that distinguish R. sprengelioides from others in its genus is the size of its leaves, which at 8–12 mm are substantially smaller than those of Richea scoparia (a species that is often found growing in the same habitat). Its closest relative, R. procera, is found at lower altitudes (over 400m above sea level) but it largely disappears before the sub alpine zone where R. sprengelioides is most common.
Like all Australian robins, the rose robin is not closely related to either the European robin or the American robin, but belongs rather to the Corvida parvorder comprising many tropical and Australian passerines, including pardalotes, fairywrens and honeyeaters, as well as crows. It belongs to the genus Petroica, whose Australian members are known colloquially as "red robins" as distinct from the "yellow robins" of the genus Eopsaltria. It was first described by ornithologist John Gould in 1840, with its specific epithet derived from the Latin roseus 'pink'. Testing of the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA of Australian members of the genus Petroica suggests that the rose and pink robins are each other's closest relative within the genus.
The earliest known arthropods ate mud in order to extract food particles from it, and possessed variable numbers of segments with unspecialized appendages that functioned as both gills and legs. Anomalocarids were, by the standards of the time, huge and sophisticated predators with specialized mouths and grasping appendages, fixed numbers of segments some of which were specialized, tail fins, and gills that were very different from those of arthropods. This reasoning implies that Parapeytoia, which has legs and a backward-pointing mouth like that of the earliest arthropods, is a more credible closest relative of arthropods than is Anomalocaris. In 2006, they suggested that arthropods were more closely related to lobopods and tardigrades than to anomalocarids.
The 6th Duke's Château de Navarre and the Hôtel d'Évreux in Paris were bequeathed to the Empress Josephine and her relatives. The Hôtel d'Évreux was subsequently renamed the Élysée Palace and currently serves as the official residence of the President of France. As for the Duchy of Bouillon, its citizens recognized Philippe d'Auvergne as their legitimate ruler and duke. The Congress of Vienna, however, awarded the sovereignty of the duchy to the King of the Netherlands, whereas the private property holdings of the former dukes were to be redistributed by special arbitration either to Philippe d'Auvergne or to an Austrian claimant, Charles-Alain- Gabriel de Rohan-Guéméné, who was the last duke's closest relative in the female line.
Barbaturex belongs to a major group of lizards called Iguania, represented today by iguanas, chameleons, and agamids. It belongs to a clade or evolutionary grouping of iguanians called Acrodonta. Like other members of Acrodonta, Barbaturex has an acrodont dentition at the back of its jaws, meaning that the teeth are completely fused with the jaw bone, and a pleurodont dentition at the front of its jaws, meaning that the teeth are fused with the inside surface of the jaw bone. A phylogenetic analysis published with its initial description placed Barbaturex as the sister taxon or closest relative of the group Uromasticinae, which includes the living Uromastyx, a genus of short-skulled herbivorous agamid lizards.
Acacia heterophylla, the highland tamarind,Forestry Abstracts, University of Oxford Commonwealth Forestry Bureau, p.327, 1939 is a tree (or shrub in its higher places) endemic to Réunion island where it is commonly named tamarin des hauts The tree has a juvenile stage where its leaves have a pinnate arrangement, but in the adult stage the leaves diminish and the phyllode becomes the dominant photosynthetic structure. It has been introduced into Madagascar where it grows in a subhumid climate at an altitude of about 500–1000 m above sea level. Genetic sequence analysis has shown its closest relative is Acacia koa of Hawaii; the estimated time of divergence is about 1.4 million years ago.
Maritime boundary between the United Kingdom (Anguilla) and the Netherlands (Saba, Sint Maarten) in the Lesser Antilles The Netherlands and the United Kingdom have a strong political and economic partnership. Over forty Dutch towns and cities are twinned with British towns and cities. Both English and Dutch are West Germanic languages, with West Frisian, a minority language in the Netherlands, being the closest relative of the English language if one excludes Scots. In addition, between 90%European Union and 93% of people in the Netherlands claim to speak English, although a negligible percentage of British people can speak Dutch, despite Dutch being one of the easiest languages for English speakers to understand.
The closest relative of Portuguese is Galician, which is spoken in the autonomous community (region) and historical nationality of Galicia (northwestern Spain). The two were at one time a single language, known today as Galician-Portuguese, but they have diverged especially in pronunciation and vocabulary due to the political separation of Portugal from Galicia. There is, however, still a linguistic continuity consisting of the variant of Galician referred to as galego-português baixo-limiao, which is spoken in several Galician villages between the municipalities of Entrimo and Lobios and the transborder region of the natural park of Peneda-Gerês/Xurês. It is "considered a rarity, a living vestige of the medieval language that ranged from Cantabria to Mondego [...]".
The Mascarene teal (Anas theodori), also known as Sauzier's teal and Mauritian duck, is an extinct dabbling duck that formerly occurred on the islands of Mauritius and Réunion. It was a small teal of the Anas gibberifrons superspecies of the Anas subgenus Nettion. Its closest relative is probably Bernier's teal from Madagascar and, apart from having stronger wings and being considerably bigger (between a Sunda teal and a mallard in size), it seems to have looked very similar to that species. Earlier, it was proposed that Meller's duck, also from Madagascar, is the closest living relative of A. theodori, but as more remains of the latter were unearthed this appears far less likely.
An Occitan speaker recorded for Wikitongues Occitan (; , ), also known as lenga d'òc (; ) by its native speakers, is a Romance language (or branch of numerous of these) spoken in Southern France, Monaco, Italy's Occitan Valleys, as well as Spain's Val d'Aran; collectively, these regions are sometimes referred to as Occitania. It is also spoken in the linguistic enclave of Guardia Piemontese (Calabria, Italy). Some include Catalan in Occitan, as the distance between this language and some Occitan dialects (such as the Gascon language) is similar to the distance among different Occitan dialects. Catalan was considered a dialect of Occitan until the end of the 19th century and still today remains its closest relative.
A person's next of kin (NOK) is that person's closest living blood relative or relatives. Some countries, such as the United States, have a legal definition of "next of kin". In other countries, such as the United Kingdom, "next of kin" may have no legal definition and may not necessarily refer to blood relatives at all. In some legal systems, rights regarding inheritance (which imply a decision-making capacity — for example, in a medical emergency — where no clear will or instructions have been given, and where the person has no spouse) flow to the closest relative (regardless of the age, with a representative appointed if a minor), usually a child, a parent or a sibling.
Leg bones of Eolambia – femur (A-F), tibia (G-L), fibula (M-N) Kirkland, Cifelli, and colleagues noted that the fauna of the Mussentuchit – iguanodonts, pachycephalosaurs, and ceratopsians – bears strong similarities to contemporary Asian faunas. They proposed that Eolambia was part of an influx of Asian dinosaurs into North America during the Cenomanian, which supplanted the earlier low-diversity native fauna. This hypothesis is supported by the close relationship between Eolambia and either Probactrosaurus or Fukuisaurus, which have respectively been recovered by the phylogenies of Head and Sues & Averianov. However, the results of Horner and colleagues, Prieto-Márquez, and McDonald and colleagues, which consider the North American Protohadros to be the closest relative of Eolambia, contradict this hypothesis.
There are eight generally recognised extant subspecies of red- billed chough, and two of Alpine, although all differ only slightly from the nominate forms. The greater subspecies diversity in the red-billed species arises from an early divergence of the Asian and geographically isolated Ethiopian races from the western forms. The closest relative of the choughs as indicated by a study of molecular phylogeny is the ratchet-tailed treepie (Temnurus temnurus) and they form a clade that is sister to the remaining living members of the corvidae. The genus Pyrrhocorax species differ from Corvus in that they have brightly coloured bills and feet, smooth, not scaled tarsi and very short, dense nasal feathers.
In spite of external similarity with Luschan's salamander (protuberance on the tail), molecular data suggest the closest relative of M. caucasica is the gold-striped salamander (Chioglossa lusitanica) from the north-western Iberian Peninsula. Separation from the sister taxon happened about 15 million years ago. A palaeonthological species M. caucasica was found from the lower Pliocene of the Polish Carpathians, the fact suggesting a broader distribution of the species before the Ice Age. Within the current range of the species, two evolutionary lineages are fully separated since the Pliocene: one from the Black Sea Basin, and another from Borjomi Gorge in Central Georgia, in spite of the absence of clear natural boundaries between these two areas.
Occidentales along with B. occidentalis (red swamp banksia), B. seminuda (river banksia), B. verticillata (granite banksia) and B. littoralis (swamp banksia). This arrangement stood until 1999, when George effectively reverted to his 1981 arrangement in his monograph for the Flora of Australia series. Under George's taxonomic arrangement of Banksia, B. brownii's taxonomic placement may be summarised as follows: :Genus Banksia ::Subgenus Banksia :::Section Banksia :::Section Coccinea :::Section Oncostylis ::::Series Spicigerae :::::B. spinulosa \- B. ericifolia \- B. verticillata \- B. seminuda \- B. littoralis \- B. occidentalis \- B. brownii ::::Series Tricuspidae ::::Series Dryandroidae ::::Series Abietinae ::Subgenus Isostylis The closest relative to B. brownii is held to be B. occidentalis, which differs in having smaller, deep red flowers and narrow, sparsely serrate leaves.
Goodman and Soarimalala, 2005, p. 452 This animal turned out to be distinct from both previously known species of the genus—bastard big-footed mouse, which is widespread in western Madagascar, and the larger greater big-footed mouse, known only from the Ankarafantsika National Park. Accordingly, Steven Goodman and Voahangy Soarimalala named it in 2005 as a new species, Macrotarsomys petteri.Goodman and Soarimalala, 2005, p. 453 The specific name, petteri, honors French zoologist Francis Petter for his contributions to the study of Malagasy rodents.Goodman and Soarimalala, 2005, p. 457 Petter's big-footed mouse, the largest species in the genus, is most similar to greater big-footed mouse, which may be its closest relative.
After weak governments and the communist era, the Russian people vote to reestablish the monarchy and bring back a new tsar, who will be chosen among the closest relative of Nicholas II of Russia from the surviving Romanov clans. Miles Lord, the protagonist, is tasked to do a background check on the favorite contender to be tsar, Stefan Baklanov. After almost being killed in the center of Moscow, Lord starts to discover new facts and documents that could threaten Baklanov's aspirations. Based on the diary of Felix Yusupov and a prophecy of the famous Rasputin, Lord finds out that there could be a direct descendant of Alexis and Anastasia, children of Nicholas II, living somewhere in the world.
While the story and most of the characters are fictitious, it is set towards the end of a real civil war in Aragon. Following the death of King Martin of Aragon in 1410, no fewer than six candidates staked a claim for the throne. A political meeting, the Compromise of Caspe, found in favour of Martin's sororal nephew Ferdinand. Count James II of Urgell, King Martin's brother-in- law and the closest relative through purely patrilineal line of descent, refused to accept the decision of the Compromise, believing (with some justification) that Martin had intended to adopt him as the heir by appointing him Governor-General after the death of his own son Martin the Younger, and rebelled.
Other phylogenetic trees produced in the analysis placed Asperoris as the sister taxon (closest relative) of either Erythrosuchus africanus or Euparkeria capensis. A sister-taxon relationship with Erythrosuchus is more likely because it is based on a derived feature, the slot in the nasal, while the relationship with Euparkeria is less likely because it is based only on characteristics inherited from archosauriform ancestors (plesiomorphies). Asperoris was also featured in a phylogenetic analysis by Martin Ezcurra in 2016. Most parts of Ezcurra's analysis omitted this genus due to its incompleteness, but in versions which did feature it, it was found in a polytomy with Yarasuchus, Dongusuchus, Dorosuchus, and Euparkeria at the base of a clade which also includes proterochampsians and archosaurs.
P. labiata is one of 17 species in the genus Portia as of May 2011. This species has been named Sinis fimbriatus (Hasselt, 1882; misidentification), Linus labiatus (Thorell, 1887), Linus dentipalpis (Thorell, 1890), Erasinus dentipalpis (Thorell, 1892), Erasinus labiatus (Simon, 1903) and Portia labiata (Wanless, 1978), and the last name has been used since then. Portia is in the subfamily Spartaeinae, which is thought to be primitive. Molecular phylogeny, a technique that compares the DNA of organisms to reconstruct the tree of life, indicates that Portia is a member of the clade Spartaeinae, that Spartaeinae is basal (quite similar to the ancestors of all jumping spiders), that Portia′s closest relative is the genus Spartaeus, and that the next closest are Phaeacius and Holcolaetis.
Noronhomys vespuccii was a fairly large rodent, larger than the black rat (Rattus rattus). A member of the family Cricetidae and subfamily Sigmodontinae, it shares several distinctive characters with Holochilus and related genera within the tribe Oryzomyini, including high-crowned molars with simplified crown features and the presence of several ridges on the skull which help anchor the chewing muscles. Although a suite of traits suggest that Holochilus is its closest relative, it is distinctive in many ways and is therefore classified in a separate genus, Noronhomys. Its close relatives, including Holochilus and Lundomys, are adapted to a semiaquatic lifestyle, spending much of their time in the water, but features of the Noronhomys bones suggest that it lost its semiaquatic lifestyle after arrival at its remote island.
Originally found only on the island of Virgin Gorda, it has since been reported on Tortola and Moskito Island. Its range is sometimes estimated to encompass the entire British Virgin Islands, although the original expedition by Thomas did not find any specimens on Tortola, Anegada, or other smaller islands, nor in the United States Virgin Islands of Saint Croix, Saint Thomas, and Saint John. Its distribution is considered unusual because despite being separated from its closest relative, S. nicholsi in Puerto Rico, another species, the Puerto Rican Crested Toad (Bufo lemur), has a geographic range that includes both islands, yet it has not diverged. The Virgin Islands dwarf sphaero appears to favour dry (xeric) scrub forests—often mixed with cacti and thorny scrub—on rocky hillsides.
A comprehensive 2010 paper by Irby Lovette and colleagues analysing mitochondrial and nuclear DNA of the wood-warblers found that the red and pink-headed warblers were each other's closest relative and that their common ancestor diverged from a lineage that gave rise to the red-faced warbler. The authors recommended moving the red and pink-headed warblers back to the genus Cardellina, which has been adopted by the International Ornithologists' Union (IOC). "Pink- headed warbler" has been designated the official name by the IOC, and is a reference to its most notable feature. The genus name Cardellina is the diminutive of the Italian cardella, a regional name for the European goldfinch, while its specific name, versicolor, is Latin for "of changeable or various colors".
In the "San Joaquin" ranch, located in the village of San Miguel Allende, millionaire dies Solis Don Alberto Duarte, owner of a large fortune and a prosperous farm where horses are bred thoroughbred. Its closest relative is his niece, Florence, who will marry his ambitious promises, Leonardo. This is the promise very happy thinking that his future wife will own a fortune, but, to his horror, Florencia will inherit only a small part of the money; the rest of the fortune of Don Alberto and the estate will pass into the hands of a stranger from Madrid, Alberto Salerno. Homero, uncle of Leonardo interested as he performs plans for Alberto is arrested for drug trafficking on the way to Mexico.
Based on cytochrome b genes, Martin and Naylor (1997) concluded the thresher sharks form a monophyletic sister group to the clade containing the families Cetorhinidae (basking shark) and Lamnidae (mackerel sharks). The megamouth shark (Megachasma pelagios) was placed as the next-closest relative to these taxa, though the phylogenetic position of that species has yet to be resolved with confidence. Cladistic analyses by Compagno (1991) based on morphological characters, and Shimada (2005) based on dentition, have both corroborated this interpretation. Within the family, an analysis of allozyme variation by Eitner (1995) found the common thresher is the most basal member, with a sister relationship to a group containing the unrecognized fourth Alopias species and a clade comprising the bigeye and pelagic threshers.
Habit, near alt=An untidy-looking shrub around 1.5 m high in shrublandFirst collected on 4 September 1966, southeast of Walkaway, Banksia scabrella was described by Alex George in his 1981 revision of the genus Banksia. He gave it the epithet scabrella, a diminutive of the Latin adjective scaber "rough", referring to the leaves. George placed B. scabrella in subgenus Banksia because of its flower spike, section Oncostylis because its styles are hooked, and the resurrected series Abietinae, which he constrained to contain only round-fruited species. He initially thought its closest relative to be Banksia leptophylla, which is found in the same region, and later felt it to be B. lanata, which has similarly coloured inflorescences but longer smooth leaves.
B. paludosa's placement within Banksia may be summarised as follows: :Genus Banksia ::Subgenus Isostylis ::Subgenus Banksia :::Section Oncostylis :::Section Coccinea :::Section Banksia ::::Series Grandes ::::Series Banksia ::::Series Crocinae ::::Series Prostratae ::::Series Cyrtostylis ::::Series Tetragonae ::::Series Bauerinae ::::Series Quercinae ::::Series Salicinae :::::B. dentata – B. aquilonia – B. integrifolia – B. plagiocarpa – B. oblongifolia – B. robur – B. conferta – B. paludosa – B. marginata – B. canei – B. saxicola Since 1998, American botanist Austin Mast and co-authors have been publishing results of ongoing cladistic analyses of DNA sequence data for the subtribe Banksiinae, which then comprised genera Banksia and Dryandra. Their analyses suggest a phylogeny that differs greatly from George's taxonomic arrangement. Banksia paludosa resolves as the closest relative, or "sister", to the three subspecies of B. integrifolia.
Banksia along with B. aemula as its sister taxon (united by their unusual seedling leaves) and B. ornata as its next closest relative. This arrangement stood until 1999, when George effectively reverted to his 1981 arrangement in his monograph for the Flora of Australia series. Old cone with large woody follicles Under George's taxonomic arrangement of Banksia, B. serrata is placed in the Genus Banksia, Subgenus Banksia, Section Banksia and Series Banksia along with B. aemula, B. ornata, B. baxteri, B. speciosa, B. menziesii, B. candolleana and B. sceptrum. In 2002, a molecular study by Austin Mast again showed that the three eastern species formed a natural group, or clade, but they were only distantly related to other members of the series Banksia.
The species was first formally described by the botanists Bruce Maslin and Maurice McDonald in 1997 in the work A reappraisal of Acacia cowleana and allied taxa, including the description of a new species, A. elachantha, from the tropical dry-zone of Australia as published in the journal Australian Systematic Botany. The type specimen was collected in 1995 by McDonald and P.A.Butcher west of the Cuddapan turn off along Birdsville–Windorah road. The only synonym is Racosperma elachanthum as described by Leslie Pedley but the name is often misapplied to Acacia cowleana. The species name is taken from the Greek words elachys meaning small or little and anthos meaning flower referring to the smaller flower spikes compared to its closest relative A. cowleana.
Carusia had initially been known from fragmentary skull material, complicating efforts to determine its evolutionary relationships with other lizards; it had variously been described as an indeterminate scincomorph, a xenosaurid, or some other type of autarchoglossan lizard convergent with xenosaurids. However, the discovery of 35 complete skulls in the 1990s, three of which were described in a detailed 1998 monograph, revealed that Carusia was the sister taxon (closest relative) of Xenosauridae, compelling the authors of the monograph to create a new clade called Carusioidea to include both taxa. Like xenosaurids, Carusia has a skull roof covered in large rounded osteoderms (bony plates embedded in the skin). It also shares with xenosaurids closely spaced orbits (eye sockets) with fused frontal bones between them, and a connection between the jugal and squamosal bones.
A 2009 phylogenic study of the family Acrocephalidae did not include this species, and as recently as 2010 its relation with other members of the genus was unknown. A 2011 analysis of mitochondrial DNA showed that the Nauru reed warbler forms a clade with the Australian reed warbler, the bokikokiko, the southern Marquesan reed warbler and a now-extinct species from Pagan Island in the Marianas. The closest relative of the Nauru reed warbler appears to be the extinct warbler from Pagan. This is currently named as a subspecies of the nightingale reed warbler, A. luscinius yamashinae, but that species is polyphyletic, and the Pagan form, which has been proposed as a new species, the Pagan reed warbler, is in a different clade to nightingale reed warblers from other islands.
The female Badumna longinqua spider can potentially spend the whole of her life in the one same web, whereas the sexually mature male is forced to leave his home when it becomes time to reproduce. The male begins his hunt for females in the warmer months of the year, from summer through to early autumn. Although the details of B. longinqua courtship have not yet been formally described, and biology of the spider is not well studied, it is acknowledged in most cases to be a solitary spider. The lifespan of Badumna longinqua is not officially documented, however its closest relative Badumna insignis lives for a maximum of around two years, and so it could be postulated that B. longinqua would live for approximately the same period of time.
Aloe purpurea (left) with its redder, thinner, recurved leaves, compared to Aloe tormentorii (right), the other endemic Mauritian Aloe which has yellow-green, thicker, straighter leaves Small specimen in cultivation in Mauritius This highly variable species grows an erect stem 7–10 cm in diameter, and can reach a height of 3 meters (unlike its closest relative Aloe tormentorii which is usually acaulescent or decumbent). The stem is topped by a dense rosette of up to 20 leaves. Its long, slender, ensiform to lanceolate leaves are more recurved and narrower than those of Aloe tormentorii, reaching a length of up to 1 meter, but a maximum of only 12 cm width at the base. The leaves are usually a dark green or slightly reddish, with red margins, but can vary in colour greatly.
The book was limited to 500 copies, and owners of the book were granted permission to build or have built the Zig Zag Girl (or indeed any other of the items in the book). The rights to the book and the Zig Zag illusion were then in time passed to The Magic Circle in the wake of Harbin's death. The concept of dividing a lady assistant into two or three parts was something that Harbin experimented with throughout his career before creating his ultimate divide, the Zig Zag Girl. Evidence of his fascination with this concept of dividing an assistant can be found in his earlier publications; the closest relative to the Zig Zag is the "Little by Little" illusion, which was also explained in The Magic of Robert Harbin.
In 1572, Oxford's first cousin and closest relative, the Duke of Norfolk, was found guilty of a Catholic conspiracy against Elizabeth and was executed for treason. Oxford had earlier petitioned both the Queen and Burghley on the condemned Norfolk's behalf, to no avail, and it was claimed in a "murky petition from an unidentified woman" that he had plotted to provide a ship to assist his cousin's escape attempt to Spain. The following summer, Oxford planned to travel to Ireland; at this point, his debts were estimated at a minimum of £6,000. In the summer of 1574, Elizabeth admonished Oxford "for his unthriftyness", and on 1 July he bolted to the continent without permission, travelling to Calais with Lord Edward Seymour, and then to Flanders, "carrying a great sum of money with him".
The taxonomy of this and related species and genera have been problematic; more information may be found under Sun conure#Taxonomy. Based on size, morphology, and plumage, this species is believed to be a close living relative of the extinct Carolina parakeet, possibly the closest, though that has not been confirmed by molecular phylogenetics which found the nanday parakeet to be the Carolina parakeet's closest living relative among the species tested. The plumage of this bird is very close to that of the Carolina's and can be distinguished from the Carolina parakeet by having a yellow neck and shoulders, and a black beak instead of a buff-colored beak as the Carolina parakeet had. An earlier molecular study found the jandaya's closest relative to be the golden parakeet.
Because of this designation, if C. violaceus were to be split from the rest of the current genus, then, according to the rules of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, it would retain the name Cortinarius, while the other species would have to be reclassified. The species was one of only two placed in the Cortinarius subgenus Cortinarius by the Austrian mycologist Meinhard Moser. Molecular investigation of webcaps worldwide has increased this number to at least twelve. A 2015 genetic study by evolutionary biologist Emma Harrower and colleagues of C. violaceus and its closest relatives suggests that the group (section Cortinarius) originated in Australasia and began diverging from a common ancestor around twelve million years ago in the Miocene, with C. violaceus itself diverging from its closest relative around 3.9 million years ago.
There is no known geographical variation; five birds from Esperance had smaller bills and tarsi than individuals from elsewhere in its range, but the sample was too small to draw any conclusions. Lear's 1832 illustration The red-capped parrot is related to other broad- tailed parrots, but relationships within the group had been unclear. In 1938, Australian ornithologist Dominic Serventy proposed that it was the sole survivor of a lineage of eastern Australian origin, with no close living relatives. In 1955, British evolutionary biologist Arthur Cain proposed that the eastern lineage had vanished after being outcompeted by the crimson rosella (Platycercus elegans), and that its closest relative was the horned parakeet (Eunymphicus cornutus) of New Caledonia, which he concluded had adopted a much greener plumage of a wetter climate.
The rainbow pitta was described by the English ornithologist and bird artist John Gould in 1842, which is based on a specimen collected on the Cobourg Peninsula in the Northern Territory of Australia. The specific name iris is taken from the Ancient Greek for "rainbow"; this is the origin of the common name as well. The species was once treated as a subspecies of the noisy pitta of eastern Australia, and was also treated as being in a species complex with that species, the elegant pitta and the black-faced pitta, although that arrangement was not universally accepted. According to the 2006 study of the nuclear DNA of the pittas and other Old World suboscines found that its closest relative was the superb pitta of Manus Island off the coast of Papua New Guinea.
In 1242, the citizens of Tyre offered the barons opposed to Frederick's rule (Balian of Ibelin, Lord of Beirut, and Philip of Montfort, Lord of Toron) their assistance against Richard Filangieri, who ruled Tyre on Frederick's behalf. Marsilio Zorzi, the bailli of the Venetian community in the Holy Land offered naval support to the coalition. At the request of the members of the High Court, Philip of Novara, a noted jurist, stated that Frederick had forfeited his right to administer the Kingdom of Jerusalem when his son, Conrad, had reached the age of majority on 25 April 1243. Novara also argued that Alice and her husband were entitled to rule the kingdom as regent for the absent Conrad because she was his closest relative who lived in the Holy Land.
These represent the oldest known ankylosaurines from Asia, although they are not very closely related to each other. It appears that the closest relative of Talarurus was Nodocephalosaurus, an ankylosaurin with similar facial osteoderms. Most of the skeletal mounts of Talarurus are outdated by numerous issues, such as the ribs pointing to the bottom instead of stick to the sides, as in most ankylosaurs; an inaccurate skull cast which is mainly based on related species and not on the available skull material; very displayed arms and legs; four digits on the feet, which in reality only had three as indicated by related ankylosaurines. All of these mistakes were made by anatomical misunderstandings since ankylosaurs were not fully known at that time, also, Talarurus is not known from a complete skeleton.
The genus name honours Bernardo de Miera y Pacheco, the first European scientist to enter what is now Utah. The type species for Mierasaurus is Mierasaurus bobyoungi, named after Robert Glen Young, a paleontologist who researched the Early Cretaceous of Utah. Along with its closest relative Moabosaurus, also from the Early Cretaceous of Utah, Mierasaurus is among the last-surviving members of the Turiasauria, an otherwise Jurassic and European group which can be distinguished by heart-shaped teeth, slender humeri, and the presence of an extra depression on the surface of the ulnae, among other characteristics. Mierasaurus differs from Moabosaurus in characteristics such as lacking vertical ridges on its teeth, having relatively smooth bottom surfaces on its cervical vertebrae, having cervical ribs that do not prominently split into two at their tips, and lacking a bulge on the side of the femur.
In his will he left his second cousin Bowater Vernon as heir to his landed estates, but a dispute developed as his brother-in-law Roger Acherley felt that as his closest relative and heir at law he should have benefited. Acherley challenged Vernon's will on a number of counts, mainly on the basis of technical errors in the codicil which was drafted on Vernon's death bed. Although it is true that it was not well drafted (ironic in view of Vernon's career), the Court of Chancery dismissed the case on the grounds that the testator's wishes were clear even if there were some irregularities in the wording. But Acherley was reluctant to give up, and took the case to the House of Lords in 1726, but with a similar result, thus leaving Bowater Vernon free to enjoy his magnificent inheritance.
However, genetic analysis of its mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) across its range revealed three main clades: a north Queensland clade separated by the Burdekin Gap from a clade spanning from southern Queensland through inland New South Wales across the Murray–Darling basin and into southeastern South Australia. This is divided from a third clade that spans coastal eastern Australia (northern New South Wales to eastern Victoria) by the McPherson Range and Great Dividing Range. This last clade is thought to have diverged from the first two clades around 2.7 million years ago, while these clades separated around 850,000 years ago. Genetic analysis of mtDNA shows the lace monitor to be the closest relative (sister taxon) of the Komodo dragon, with their common ancestor diverging from a lineage that gave rise to the crocodile monitor (Varanus salvadorii) of New Guinea.
The success in utility roles of the Citabrias, both the 7GCAA and particularly the 7GCBC—the Scout's closest relative in the Citabria line—was the impetus for Bellanca's creation of the Scout, with its greater wing area, larger engine, better ground clearance, and higher gross weight and useful load. Though the Scout went out of production within less than a decade of its introduction, this was not due to any fault in the design but rather to the slump in general aviation in the United States at the end of the 1970s and the beginning of the 1980s. Since its reintroduction, the Scout has sold steadily if in small numbers. Scouts remain popular as bush planes—including versions fitted with floats or skis, for glider and banner towing, for pipeline patrol, in agricultural uses, and as personal aircraft.
The gadfly petrels in the genus Pterodroma are seabirds of temperate and tropical oceans. Many are little-known, and their often similar appearance have caused the taxonomy of the group to be rather fluid. The forms breeding in Macaronesia on Madeira, Bugio in the Desertas Islands, and in the Cape Verde archipelago were long considered to be subspecies of the Southern Hemisphere soft-plumaged petrel, P. mollis, but mitochondrial DNA analysis, and differences in size, vocalisations, breeding behaviour, showed that the northern birds are not closely related to P. mollis, and that the Bermuda petrel or Cahow may be the closest relative of the Macaronesian birds. Sangster recommended establishing Zino's petrel on Madeira and Fea's petrel on the Desertas and Cape Verde as full species, and the species split was accepted by the Association of European Rarities Committees (AERC) in 2003.
Fossil finds of the European mink are very rare, thus indicating the species is either a relative newcomer to Europe, probably having originated in North America, or a recent speciation caused by hybridization. It likely first arose in the Middle Pleistocene, with several fossils in Europe dated to the Late Pleistocene being found in caves and some suggesting early exploitation by humans. Genetic analyses indicate, rather than being closely related to the American mink, the European mink's closest relative is the European polecat (perhaps due to past hybridization)Davidson, A., Griffith, H. I., Brookes, R. C., Maran, T., MacDonald, D. W., Sidorovich, V. E., Kitchener, A. C., Irizar, I., Villate, I., Gonzales-Esteban, J., Cena, A., Moya, I. and Palazon Minano, S. 2000. Mitochondrial DNA and paleontological evidence for the origin of endangered European mink, Mustela lutreola .
The name Magosternarchus honors Dr. Francisco Mago Leccia, who has made many contributions to the study of gymnotiform knifefishes; the latter part of the name sternarchus is from the Greek sternon ("chest") and archos ("rectum"), referring to the forward placement of the urogenital opening in this group of fishes. The species name of M. raptor is from the Latin for "plunderer", referring to its tail-eating habits; the species name of M. duccis refers to the Duke University Center for Creative Ichthyology (DUCCIS), an ichthyology club. Based on several shared skeletal traits, the closest relative of Magnosternarchus is believed to be the genus Sternarchella. Several studies using both morphological and genetic data, published in 2013 and later, have strongly suggested that the genus should be merged into Sternarchella (making Magosternarchus a junior synonym) and this has been followed by the Catalog of Fishes.
George was uncertain of its relationships, though noted that the follicles and seed are not unlike those of B. ilicifolia and B. cuneata, and that it clearly had a shortening of its woody axis in the flower spike. In 2002, a molecular study by Austin Mast showed B. elegans was basal to a group formed by the three members of the subgenus Isostylis, and that its next closest relative was B. attenuata In 2005, Mast, Eric Jones and Shawn Havery published the results of their cladistic analyses of DNA sequence data for Banksia. They inferred a phylogeny greatly different from the accepted taxonomic arrangement, including finding Banksia to be paraphyletic with respect to Dryandra. A new taxonomic arrangement was not published at the time, but early in 2007 Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement by transferring Dryandra to Banksia, and publishing B. subg.
Some recent studies on vernacular language also exhibit the above stated characteristics, many of which are typical tribal characters of their own. Moitra (2004) identified a close affinity between Dhimal and Toto languages; he even calculated the separation of Toto from Dhimal, by grutochronological analysis, as 800-1200 AD. Royburman (1959) in his thesis on Toto also highlighted the same by stated "there is one variant of Toto myth of origin which refers to the Dhimals as the mother group. (Toto) assess the very close affinity exists between the language of the Totos and the Dhimal" but, he added, "as, however, I do not possess any scientifically assessed data, I do not propose to enter into the realm of social psychology". King (1994) after his linguistic survey opined that its (Dhimal) closest relative appears to be Toto (IIAS 2007).
A 2004 genetic study of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA of honeyeaters found it to be the next closest relative to a smaller group consisting of the scarlet and cardinal myzomelas, although only five of the thirty members of the genus Myzomela were analysed. A 2017 genetic study using both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA suggests that the ancestor of the red-headed myzomela diverged from that of the black- breasted myzomela around 4 million years ago; however, the relationships of many species within the genus are uncertain. Molecular analysis has shown that honeyeaters are related to the Pardalotidae (pardalotes), Acanthizidae (Australian warblers, scrubwrens, thornbills, etc.), and the Maluridae (Australian fairy-wrens) in the large superfamily Meliphagoidea. Because the red-headed myzomela occurs on many offshore islands and appears to be an effective water-crosser, it has been hypothesised that north-western Australia was the primary centre of origin for the two subspecies.
Almost 70% of the people of Bidayuh has changed their traditional name to English name since they converted to Christianity and many young indigenous Bidayuh people in Sarawak will never practice their ancestors ceremony any more and indirectly it has weaken their culture as indigenous people of Sarawak. The Bidayuh people are the closest relative to Melanau people and said to have the same ancestor before splitting into different tribe. The original Bidayuhs are mainly Pagans or animist before they convert to Christianity and they believe in ancestral worship and they also believe in the ancient spirits or nature. Due to that, they would have big celebrations like the Gawai (1 June) which is a celebration to please the padi spirit for good harvest and nowadays since 50% has converted to Christianity, the young Bidayuh generation will only celebrate Christmas as their first priority celebration.
These were horizontally divided into numerous tubes that could represent superficial "ribs". The specimen measured in length, while the best preserved lamellate structure (in the left part of the third segment) measured in length and in width, with approximately 45 closely placed lamellae. This proves that Onychopterella and possibly all eurypterids possessed four pairs of vertically oriented lamellate book gills (possibly for aquatic respiration), instead of five pairs like the xiphosuran Limulus as previously thought. This structure is also comparable to that of the current scorpions, which have four pairs of vertically oriented book lungs with 140-150 lamellae per lung in the third to sixth segments, resulting in a synapomorphy (shared characteristic different from that of their latest common ancestor) between both clades and even increasing the possibilities of a sister group relationship (that is, that both clades are the closest relative to each other).
The most recent phylogenetic analyses of Allodaposuchus – published alongside the descriptions of A. palustris in 2014 and A. hulki in 2015 – place it within Crocodylia but outside Alligatoroidea as a sister taxon (closest relative) of the clade Brevirostres, which includes Alligatoroidea and Crocodyloidea, the group including crocodiles and their closest extinct relatives. According to these studies Allodaposuchus is more closely related to Alligatoroidea and Crocodyloidea than it is to the third major group of living crocodylians, Gavialoidea, which includes modern gharials. Among extinct groups, Allodaposuchus is most closely related to the genus Borealosuchus, which existed in North America from the Late Cretaceous to the Eocene, and the family Planocraniidae, which existed in North America, Europe, and Asia from the Paleocene to the Eocene. The 2015 analysis also indicated a close relationship between Allodaposuchus species and a genus called Arenysuchus, regarded as a crocodyloid in earlier analyses.
E. rathbunae is found on the shores of the eastern Pacific Ocean, from the southern end of the Gulf of California in Mexico to Iquique in northern Chile, including the Galápagos Islands. In the south of its range, E. rathbunae co-occurs with the southern population of E. analoga, which occurs as far north as mainland Ecuador. Despite their sympatry, the closest relative of E. rathbunae is not E. analoga; rather, E. rathbunae is part of a clade that also includes species from the western Atlantic Ocean, including E. portoricensis and E. benedictii. The last common ancestor of the genus is thought to have lived in the Pacific Ocean, and to have colonised the Gulf of Mexico when the Isthmus of Panama was submerged, and E. rathbunae is thought to have similarly recolonised the Pacific from ancestors that lived on the Atlantic side of the Isthmus of Panama.
Conrad is first mentioned by contemporary records in 1239, when he was already an adult. Historian Norbert C. Tóth argued a hypothetical Baranya branch of the kindred became extinct by the First Mongol invasion of Hungary (1241–42), thus Conrad inherited their lands in Baranya County as the closest relative within the Győr clan. Initially, he belonged to the courtiers of King Béla IV; he appeared as Master of the stewards in the court of queen consort Maria Laskarina in 1253. Former historiographical works considered that his contemporary Conrad Szák held that dignity, but historian Attila Zsoldos revealed that the office-holder named Conrad owned Alásony – as Conrad Győr dit it. By 1258 (or already 1256), he was appointed as ispán of Borsod County, an unusual position for a landowner from Transdanubia. Béla IV referred to Conrad as his "former" Master of the cupbearers in his 1263 charter.
King Harold depicted on the alt=King Harold depicted on the Bayeux Tapestry Very little is known for certain of the ancestry of the Godwins, the family of the last Anglo-Saxon King of England, Harold II. When King Edward the Confessor died in January 1066 his closest relative was his great-nephew, Edgar the Ætheling, but he was young and lacked powerful supporters. Harold was the head of the most powerful family in England and Edward's brother-in- law, and he became king. In September 1066 Harold defeated and killed King Harald Hardrada of Norway at the Battle of Stamford Bridge, and Harold was himself defeated and killed the following month by William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings. The family is named after Harold's father, Earl Godwin, who had risen to a position of wealth and influence in the 1020s under Danish King Cnut the Great.
Dutch South Guelderish (melon in central map) according to Jo Daan compared to other minority and regional languages and dialects in the Low Countries Nijmeegs/Liemers, North Limburgish, Kleverlander (all 3 in blue), and East Bergish (green) crossing the Dutch-German border (red) South Guelderish (, , Kleverländisch) refers to the easternmost group of Dutch dialects spoken along the lower Rhine (Dutch Nederrijn and German Niederrhein). In its narrower sense, the term refers strictly to the Rivierenlands, Nijmeegs, and Liemers sub-dialects; in its broader sense, the term encompasses also North Limburgish in the Netherlands and Kleverlander (around Cleves; Dutch Kleverlands, German Kleverländisch) and East Bergish in Germany. South Guelderish (in the narrow sense) — especially Rivierenlands — is sometimes included as part of Brabantic, a more widely spoken Dutch dialect and the closest relative of South Guelderish. Alternatively, it is considered to extend southward into Northern Limburg until the Uerdingen line.
Addison goes on to say "This description also covers pipes which would undoubtedly have been seen in a large part of Eastern Europe, most of Western Europe and some of North Africa and can be still seen in some of these places today". Addison reached the conclusion, from his research on the possible existence of a regional bagpipe for Lincolnshire, that the closest relative of such a pipe was the Spanish gaita gallega, which he believed to be the most straightforward form of the bagpipe existing in Europe. Addison based his new pipes on three carvings: a pew end carving in All Saints' Church, Branston; an oak ceiling boss in the cloister of Lincoln Cathedral and a stone carving taken from Moorby Church before it was demolished in November 1982. All three depictions appear to have a conical chanter and a single bass drone.
Three skeletons, including a juvenile (middle) and the holotype (right), during a temporary exhibition in CosmoCaixa Barcelona Cast of the holotype skeleton in a semi-erect posture, Museum of Evolution of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw Osmólska and colleagues assigned Gallimimus to the family Ornithomimidae in 1972, with the North American Struthiomimus as the closest relative, while lamenting the fact that comparison between taxa was difficult because other ornithomimids known at the time were either poorly preserved or inadequately described. In 1975, Kielan-Jaworowska stated that though many dinosaurs from Asia were placed in the same families as North American relatives, this category of classification tended to be more inclusive than was used for modern birds. She highlighted that while Gallimimus had a rounded beak (similar to a goose or duck), North American ornithomimids had pointed beaks, a difference that would otherwise lead taxonomists to place modern birds in different families. In 1976, Barsbold placed Ornithomimidae in the new group Ornithomimosauria (the "ostrich dinosaurs").
The rivalry ended in a loss for Mustafa when he was executed by his own father's command in 1553 during the campaign against Safavid Persia because of fear of rebellion. Although this stories were not based on first-hand sources, this fear of Mustafa was not unreasonable. Had Mustafa ascended to the throne, all Mihrimah's full- brothers (Selim, Bayezid, and Cihangir) would have likely been executed, according to the fratricide custom of the Ottoman dynasty, which required all brothers of the new sultan be executed to avoid feuds among imperial siblings. Mihrimah also became Suleiman's advisor, his confidant and his closest relative, especially after Suleiman's other relatives and companions died or were exiled one by one, like Mustafa (executed in October 1553), Mahidevran (lost her status in the palace after Mustafa's death and went to Bursa), Cihangir (died in November 1553), Hurrem (died in April 1558), Rüstem (died in July 1561), Bayezid (executed in September 1561), and Gülfem (died in 1561 or 1562).
Many are little-known and poorly studied, and their often similar appearance has meant that the taxonomy of the group has been rather fluid. The forms breeding in Macaronesia on Madeira, Bugio in the Desertas Islands, and in the Cape Verde archipelago were long considered to be subspecies of the southern hemisphere soft-plumaged petrel P. mollis, but differences in size, vocalisations, breeding behaviour and mitochondrial DNA analysis showed that the northern birds are not closely related to P. mollis, and that the Bermuda petrel or cahow may be the closest relative of the Macaronesian birds. Sangster recommended establishing Zino's petrel on Madeira and Fea's petrel on the Desertas and Cape Verde as full species, and the species split was accepted by the Association of European Rarities Committees (AERC) in 2003. More recently, some authorities have further split Fea's petrel, separating the Desertas Islands breeding birds from those in the Cape Verde archipelago.
The following cladogram is based on that published by Hendrickx and colleagues, itself based on earlier studies: Skull bones of Dracovenator, which may be the closest relative of Dilophosaurus (onto whose skull the bones are plotted), ROM In 2019, Swiss paleontologists Marion Zahner and Winand Brinkmann found the members of the Dilophosauridae to be successive basal sister taxa of the Averostra rather than a monophyletic clade (a natural group), but noted that some of their analyses did find the group valid, containing Dilophosaurus, Dracovenator, Cryolophosaurus, and possibly their new genus Notatesseraeraptor as the basal- most member. They therefore provided a diagnosis for the Dilophosauridae, based on features in the lower jaw. In the phylogenetic analysis accompanying their 2020 redesscription, Marsh and Rowe found all specimens of Dilophosaurus to form a monophyletic group, sister to Averostra, and more derived than Cryolophosaurus. Their analysis did not find support for Dilophosauridae, and they suggested cranial crests were a plesiomorphic (ancestral) trait of Ceratosauria and Tetanurae.
Clack and Ahlberg noted several distinctive features of Occidens, including a straight row of teeth along the coronoid bones on the inner surface of the lower jaw, an open groove for a lateral line sense organ on the jaw's outer surface, and a stepped shape to the connection between the dentary and angular bones. The jaw bone is deep, resembling those of Crassigyrinus and whatcheeriids (which both occur in Romer's gap) in overall appearance. In most phylogenetic trees produced by Clack and Ahlberg's 2004 analysis, Occidens fell near whatcheeriids and the Devonian taxon Tulerpeton, being more derived than all other Devonian taxa and more basal than Crassigyrinus and the post-Romer's Gap taxa Greererpeton and Megalocephalus. A 2008 phylogenetic analysis by paleontologists Marcello Ruta and John Bolt found Occidens to be the closest relative of Sigournea multidentata, a species from the end of the gap found in Iowa, but could not determine where these two taxa fit relative to other Early Carboniferous tetrapods.
In his 1968 book Nightwatchmen of the Bush and Plain, Australian naturalist David Fleay observed that the boobooks from Tasmania more closely resembled those of New Zealand than those from mainland Australia, though he followed Mees in treating them as a single species. Janette Norman and colleagues tested the cytochrome b DNA of three subspecies (as well as the powerful and rufous owls) to ascertain whether the closest relative was used in breeding with the last surviving female of the Norfolk boobook. They discovered that although the Norfolk boobook was similar in plumage to the Tasmanian boobook, it was genetically much closer to the New Zealand subspecies. In fact, the two were so close genetically that they considered whether the Norfolk boobook should be recognised as a separate taxon at all, although they conceded the two were easily distinguishable in appearance, so maintained the three as subspecies; the Tasmanian boobook only diverged by 2.7% from the other two, while the powerful and rufous owls diverged by 4.4% from each other.
Skull of Probactrosaurus, the closest relative of Eolambia according to Head Head also demonstrated that the teeth of Eolambia were broader and more asymmetrical than Kirkland had assumed; he also noted that subadults only possessed two teeth per tooth position, unlike hadrosaurids, although adult specimens in fact have the three or more tooth positions as originally demonstrated by Kirkland. Head further showed that Eolambia possessed seven sacral vertebrae, unlike eight or more in derived hadrosaurids, and that its antitrochanter was actually more poorly developed than those of Ouranosaurus and Altirhinus. Examination of the OMNH specimens further demonstrated that the postacetabular region of the ilium did not form a distinct process, and the articulations at the bottom of the femur are not very prominent, both of which separate Eolambia from more derived iguanodonts such as hadrosaurids. Thus, Head concluded that Eolambia was a basal member of the Hadrosauroidea, outside of the Hadrosauridae, a conclusion supported by a phylogenetic analysis finding it to be a non-hadrosaurid hadrosauroid closely related to Probactrosaurus.
They found that within the P. krameri clade, Newton's parakeet from Rodrigues was ancestral to the Mauritius and Réunion parakeets, diverging from them 3.82 million years ago and that the latter two had diverged just 0.61 million years ago, differing by 0.2% from each other. The researchers concluded that the low level of divergence between the Mauritius and Réunion populations was consistent with them being distinct at the subspecific level. The following cladogram shows the phylogenetic position of the Mauritius and Réunion subspecies, according to Jackson and colleagues, 2015: 1770s illustration of the extinct Newton's parakeet, which was the closest relative of the echo parakeet Cheke and the Dutch ornithologist Justin J. F. J. Jansen pointed out in 2016 that the Edinburgh specimen has no clear provenance information, and that it may have been collected from Mauritius (only one of Dufresne's other bird specimens was from Réunion, while several were from Mauritius). They noted that, unlike modern Mauritian specimens, the pink neck ring of the Edinburgh specimen continued uninterrupted around the back of the neck, similar to what Buffon and Levaillant described, but that from where the specimen Levaillant described was, was unclear.
Left to right: the African green monkey source of SIV, the sooty mangabey source of HIV-2, and the chimpanzee source of HIV-1 Both HIV-1 and HIV-2 are believed to have originated in non-human primates in West-central Africa and were transferred to humans in the early 20th century. HIV-1 appears to have originated in southern Cameroon through the evolution of SIV(cpz), a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) that infects wild chimpanzees (HIV-1 descends from the SIVcpz endemic in the chimpanzee subspecies Pan troglodytes troglodytes). The closest relative of HIV-2 is SIV(smm), a virus of the sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys atys), an Old World monkey living in coastal West Africa (from southern Senegal to western Ivory Coast). New World monkeys such as the owl monkey are resistant to HIV-1 infection, possibly because of a genomic fusion of two viral resistance genes.(subscription required) HIV-1 is thought to have jumped the species barrier on at least three separate occasions, giving rise to the three groups of the virus, M, N, and O. There is evidence that humans who participate in bushmeat activities, either as hunters or as bushmeat vendors, commonly acquire SIV.
Both HIV-1 and HIV-2 are believed to have originated in non-human primates in West-central Africa, and are believed to have transferred to humans (a process known as zoonosis) in the early 20th century. HIV-1 appears to have originated in southern Cameroon through the evolution of SIVcpz, a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) that infects wild chimpanzees (HIV-1 descends from the SIVcpz endemic in the chimpanzee subspecies Pan troglodytes troglodytes). The closest relative of HIV-2 is SIVsmm, a virus of the sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys atys), an Old World monkey living in littoral West Africa (from southern Senegal to western Côte d'Ivoire). New World monkeys such as the owl monkey are resistant to HIV-1 infection, possibly because of a genomic fusion of two viral resistance genes. HIV-1 is thought to have jumped the species barrier on at least three separate occasions, giving rise to the three groups of the virus, M, N, and O. Left to right: the African green monkey source of SIV, the sooty mangabey source of HIV-2, and the chimpanzee source of HIV-1 There is evidence that humans who participate in bushmeat activities, either as hunters or as bushmeat vendors, commonly acquire SIV.

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