"There is an additional difficulty with the terrain," Cirri said.
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"We rely on armed escorts to bring in our food," said Cirri.
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It is these cirri that the octopod reportedly uses to sense prey buried in the mud.
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The species is even named after its unique adaptation: "Oculicirrata" is a combination of the Latin words "oculi," meaning "eyes," and "cirri," which is the type of appendage that lines the worm's bum.
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Some species have tentacular cirri and all have unbranched parapodia. In some species dorsal cirri, branchiae, ventral cirri and chaetae occur, but not in others.Eunicida Natural History Museum. Retrieved 2012-01-17.
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Its peristomium shows a dorsal fold partly covering the prostomium. It counts with one pair of tentacular cirri, which are shaped like the antennae but are shorter. Its second chaetiger lacks dorsal cirri but has a large papilla instead. The dorsal cirri are shaped similarly to the tentacular cirri.
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Cirri are used by barnacles to capture food particles in the current. The barnacles extend their cirri into a fan- shape, catch particles, and then retract the cirri back into the shell to transfer the particles into the mouth. First, a membrane—the opercular membrane shielding the barnacle from the water—is opened and the cirri emerge from the shell and are spread. At full extension, three of the six cirri do not protrude past the membrane.
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Instead, nautilus cirri adhere to prey by means of their ridged surface. Nautiluses have a powerful grip, and attempts to take an object already grasped by a nautilus may tear away the animal's cirri, which will remain firmly attached to the surface of the object. The main cirri emerge from sheaths which cohere into a single firm fleshy mass. Also, the pair of cirri before the eye (pre-ocular) and the pair of cirri behind the eye (post-ocular) are separate from the others.
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Stylonychia mytilus, with cirri labeled Stylonychia mytilus, walking on its cirri Stylonychia cells are roughly oval in shape, inflexible and flattened from back to front. The organism's cilia are grouped into structures called "cirri," tufts of joined cilia that function together as a unit.The cirri on the ventral surface of the cell can function as legs, enabling the organism to walk along solid substrates, such as submerged algae, leaves or debris. LIke other ciliates of the family Oxytrichidae, Stylonychia has a prominent group of eighteen large cirri on its ventral surface, arranged into six smaller groups: the frontal, buccal, frontoventral, postoral, pretransverse and transverse cirri.
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Its peristomium is shorter than the segments that succeed it, being bilobed. Its tentacular cirri and antennae are alike, but smaller, the dorsal cirri shorter than the antennae but longer than the former, being absent on chaetiger 2. Its antennae and cirri possess small papillae and 1 or 2 mushroom-shaped papillae. Its parapodia are rectangular to conical and also possess papillae, similar to those on the dorsal cirri.
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The cirri then do a forward stroke, and the long cirri and membrane begin retraction. They do a backward stroke and the cirri roll back up into the shell. In Cryptolepas, this process was observed as taking 1.2 to 1.9 seconds, however the forward and backward strokes can be skipped entirely, and the cirri can simply be extended and quickly coil back up. Adolescent barnacles have shorter cycles than adults.
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The palps are shorter than its prostomium, fused along their length. Its peristomium forms a trilobed hood, covering the prostomium. It carries two densely ciliated nuchal organs. Its tentacular cirri and antennae are alike, but smaller, the dorsal cirri being longer than the tentacular cirri, being absent on chaetiger 2.
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The bold cirri on its head extend continuously along its dorsal fin. More cirri project from the preoperculum, operculum, and under the lower jaw. There is some speculation as to the purpose of the cirri. It could act as camouflage to help the fish blend in with the surrounding mossy invertebrates which surround its habitat.
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Members of this order are characterised by having a "heteromorphic" stalk; the stalk consists of a series of nodes with cirri, interspersed by several nodes without cirri. There are additionally a whorl of cirri at the base on which the animal perches. The calyx is a shallow cup consisting of five basals and five radials.
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Cirri, plural for cirrus, are small, filament-like appendages that act like tentacles. Tentacles are elongated appendages from the cephalic region of organisms that aid in sensory and locomotive abilities. Buccal cirri extend from the oral hood on the anterior portion of the organism. The buccal cirri possess receptors, some of which are believed to be mechanoreceptors.
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Its pygidium has a terminal anus and two pygidial cirri.
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The "tentacles" of the nautiluses are actually cirri (singular: cirrus), composed of long, soft, flexible appendages which are retractable into corresponding hardened sheaths. Unlike the 8–10 head appendages of coleoid cephalopods, nautiluses have many cirri. In the early embryonic stages of nautilus development a single molluscan foot differentiates into a total of 60–90 cirri, varying even within a species. Nautilus cirri also differ from the tentacles of some coleoids in that they are non-elastic and lack pads or suckers.
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These cirri are further unique in this region because of their extended lateral projections. It is presumed that these unique buccal cirri are an adaptation to living in a muddier habitat than other species.
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Its proventricle spans through 1 or 2 segments, with 12 muscle cell rows. Its pygidium is small, with numerous rounded papillae and 2 anal cirri, which are similar to its dorsal cirri but quite longer.
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Over the eyes are spines and tufts of branching, supraorbital cirri.
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In fast currents, the cirri do not retract. Land-based barnacles have to reorient their cirri depending on the direction of the current; but since the current only flows in one direction for whale barnacles—from the head to the tail of the host—adults have lost that ability. However, the cirri do have a special function during copulation. At this time, the barnacle acting as a male (barnacles are hermaphrodites) fully extends its cirri, and the penis begins a searching movement around its circumference.
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The palps are similar in length than its prostomium, fused along their length, ventrally folded. Its peristomium measures the same as its succeeding segments, covering the posterior half of the prostomium. Its tentacular cirri are shorter than its antennae, the dorsal cirri being the same length as the tentacular cirri, with slender tips. Its parapodial lobes are conical, with 2 subdistal papillae.
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Its proventricle spans through 1 segments, with 13-14 muscle cell rows. Its pygidium is small, with a few long papillae and 2 anal cirri, which are similar in shape to the dorsal cirri but longer.
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Its proventricle is barrel-shaped, long and wide (spanning 4 segments), with about 22 muscle cell rows. Its pygidium is small, with 2 anal cirri, similar to its dorsal cirri but rather longer, plus a median papilla.
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Salvatoria pilkena is a species belonging to the phylum Annelida, a group known as the segmented worms. The species name comes from an Aboriginal word, pilkena, meaning "different", due to its characteristic features. Salvatoria pilkena belongs to a reduced group of species that possess rugose dorsal cirri, contrary to the typical spindle-shaped cirri found in its genus. It also lacks dorsal cirri on chaetiger 2.
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The cirri are organized equatorially around the cells in 7-10 longitudinal rows. Each row is in turn organized into four groups of cirri. When species of Halteria beat these cirri in unison, they generate a characteristic jumping motion sufficiently distinct to Halteria that observation of this movement has been considered sufficient for visual identification of Halteria The cortex of Halteria is composed of four membranes.
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Dorsal cirri present in addition to branchi on the first four setigerous somites.
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There are four pairs of tentacular cirri on body segments one to four. The parapodia of the body segments bear large, paddle- shaped dorsal cirri, about twice as long as they are broad, while the ventral cirri are oval. This worm is bright green, sometimes with black spots on the underside of the base of the parapodia. E. clavigera is very similar in appearance to its close relative Eulalia viridis.
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Its antennae, tentacular and dorsal cirri are spindle-shaped to pyriform, with somewhat bulbous bases. It carries a single pair of anal cirri similar to dorsal cirri although a bit longer. Its compound chaetae are heterogomph, with short or long blades, sometimes bidentate, unidentate, or a combination of both. Its pharyngeal tooth is small, conical to rhomboidal in shape, located near the pharyngeal anterior margin, sometimes near its middle.
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In the wild, it often has small skin growths called cirri that resemble algae.
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The body has both dorsal and ventral branched cirri, the dorsal ones being the larger.
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Ignazio Cirri or Giacomo Matteo Ignazio Cirri (20 September 1711 - 13 July 1787) was an Italian organist and composer in the 18th century. He was born and died in Forlì (current Emilia-Romagna). He was a friend of Giovanni Battista Martini, who had a portrait of Ignazio Cirri among his valuable men's portraits. In 1759, he became Maestro di cappella in the Cathedral of Forlì and he was admitted in the Philharmonic Academy of Bologna.
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Retrieved 2013-12-03. The cirri of L. celtica are about 34–40 mm in length and vary in color from green to white. They are arranged in irregular columns dimorphically about the organism's stalk allowing for locomotion and attachment to deep sea structures. Examination of cirri can help distinguish L. celtica from the related L. phalangium as the cirri of L. celtica are shorter in proportion and are not evenly tapered distally.
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Notopodia and neuropodia can also bear cirri which are tentacle-like projections of the parapodia. In some groups, such as the scale worms (e.g. Polynoidae), the dorsal cirrus is modified into a scale (or elytron). In most species, the anteriormost segments may be specialised into the head region and prostomium, which can result in the modification of those parapodia, loss of chaetae and elongation of the cirri into anterior-facing tentacular cirri.
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The palps are shorter than its prostomium, fused along their basal half, with a terminal notch. Its palps form a trilobed hood, possessing a few papillae. Its peristomium measures the same as its succeeding segments, and is bilobed, forming two anterior wings that cover the prostomium dorsally. Its tentacular cirri and antennae are alike, but smaller, the dorsal cirri being longer than the tentacular cirri and shorter than the antennae, being absent on chaetiger 2.
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It also shares the inclusion of an internal gladius with other coleoids, including squid, and eight webbed arms with cirrate octopods. Vampyroteuthis shares its eight cirrate arms with the Cirrata, in which lateral cirri, or filaments, alternate with the suckers. Vampyroteuthis differs in that suckers are present only on the distal half of the arms while cirri run the entire length. In cirrate octopods suckers and cirri run and alternate on the entire length.
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The pharynx is long, spanning through approximately 4 segments. Its pharyngeal tooth is small. Its proventricle is similar in length to the prostomium, spanning 3 segments, with about 18 muscle cell rows. Its pygidium is small, with 2 anal cirri, similar to its dorsal cirri.
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The prostomium has two short frontal antennae, two globular palps and five main antennae. The mandibles are large and the maxillae have several pairs of plates edged with fine teeth. Some tentacular cirri are present. The anterior parapodium points forward and has tapered ventral cirri.
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The chief differences between the two lie in the shape and size of the dorsal cirri.
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Cirri and cirrostratus clouds have been very prevalent during the day, and cumulostratus during the night.
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Buccal cirri are feeding structures found in the oral hood of primitive jawless organisms called amphioxus. The word buccal is derived from the term bucca which means "cheek" and cirri is derived from the Latin word cerrus meaning a tendril or a small and flexible appendage.
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S. balanoides feeding, Upernavik, Greenland Semibalanus balanoides is a filter feeder, using its thoracic appendages, or cirri, to capture zooplankton and detritus from the water. If there is a current, then the barnacle holds its cirri stiffly into the flow, but when there is no current, the barnacle beats its cirri rhythmically. Plankton levels are highest in Spring and Autumn, and drop significantly during Winter, when the barnacles are dependent on reserves of food which they have stored.
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Its tentacular cirri are similar but shorter than the antennae; the dorsal cirri are short, similar in length to its tentacular cirri. Its parapodial glands are large, with hyaline material present. Its anterior parapodia have about 5 compound chaetae each, with unidentate blades provided with long spines which are longer on dorsal chaetae, exhibiting dorsoventral gradation in length. Posterior parapodia, on the other hand, possess 3 compound chaetae with larger shafts and shorter blades which are slightly hooked.
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The parapodia are uniramous or biramous, with dorsal cirri upon all segments. The ventral bristles are compound.
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A. Lancelet, B. Larval tunicate, C. Adult tunicate. 1. Notochord, 2. Nerve chord, 3. Buccal cirri, 4.
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The palps are blunt, longer than its prostomium, fused along their length, possessing a dorsal furrow and few papillae. Its peristomium measures the same as its succeeding segments. Its tentacular cirri are long, however shorter than the antennae; the dorsal cirri are similar to its cogenerates', with bulbous bases and thin tips, being shorter than the tentacular cirri, with slender tips. Its anterior parapodia have 5-6 compound chaetae each, with unidentate blades provided with short spines exhibiting dorsoventral gradation.
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The species' body is minute, densely covered by papillae which are small, short, sometimes being distributed on cirri and parapodia. Its prostomium possesses three antennae, four eyes and two anterior eyespots. Its peristomium is large, covering the posterior margin of the prostomium, and in cases forming two dorsolateral wings covering the nuchal organs; it counts with only one pair of tentacular cirri. Dorsal cirri on its second chaetiger 2 are either absent or present, depending on the species, although they are usually absent.
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The mouth is on the upper side of the large, thick body, otherwise known as the centrodorsal. Attached to the centrodorsal are many long, robust cirri (3-4.5 cm). These cirri are used by O. bennetti to hold on to substrate in the beginning portion of their lives, after the larvae settle out of the water column. They begin their lives attached to a stalk, held onto a substrate by cirri, and once mature, they can break the stalk and become free-living.
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Buccal cirri function as a food processing organ that is used to prevent larger particles from entering the oral hood. The buccal cirri does this by working with the velar tentacles to create a comb like feeding appendage that sifts the particles that are entering via the water stream. This allows the smaller particles to continue through to the oral hood while the larger ones are brushed away. The buccal cirri surround the buccal cavity in a ring like structure.
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The palps are paired and innervated structures that tend to be located ventrally and laterally. They are often associated with the mouth and may have a feeding or sensory function. Tentacular cirri can be any sort of elongated, forward (anterior) facing cirri and can occasionally be found on the prostomium.
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The cirri of the elegant feather starElegant feather stars may grow to 20 cm in total length. They are variably coloured in yellow to brown and are occasionally variegated in yellow and brown. They have ten long arms with ciliated side branches that taper to a point. They have 20-30 cirri.
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The pharynx is long, spanning approximately 4 to 5 segments. Its pharyngeal tooth is small and rhomboidal, without papillae on its opening. Its proventricle is similar in length to the pharynx, with 21–22 muscle cell rows. Its pygidium is small, with 2 anal cirri, similar to its dorsal cirri but rather longer.
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The organism is either white or rose-coloured. The collar extends from ventral files, that extends a short distance along the right side of the body. The body is also elongated and has a tail-like portion, that has 3 frontals and 2-4 rows of ventral cirri. It has no transverse cirri.
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The pharynx spans approximately 4 segments. Its pharyngeal tooth is placed near the opening. Its proventricle is long and wide, barrel-shaped, spanning 3 to 4 segments, with 18-20 muscle cell rows. Its pygidium is semicircular, with 2 anal cirri, similar to its dorsal cirri but rather longer and with papillae.
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Sphaerosyllis goorabantennata does not show parapodial glands. The pharynx spans approximately 3 segments and is relatively slender. Its proventricle spans through 1 or 2 segments, with 15 muscle cell rows. Its pygidium is small, with a few small papillae and 2 anal cirri, which are similar to its dorsal cirri but longer.
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The presence of aciculae and well developed parapodial lobes with cirri in Rollinschaeta clearly invites comparison with living aciculate polychaetes.
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The organism is green coloured, and has a leaf-like shape. Just like Uroleptus musculus, it is U-shaped and has an elongated body with 3 frontals, and 2-4 rows of ventral cirri. It has no transverse cirri, and its "collar" can extend a short distance along the right side of the body.
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A small fish, with maximum recorded size of about 6 cm. Body depth about 5.0 to 5,8 in length, supraorbital cirri long and unbranched, small cirri at nape. Lower lip margin smooth, upper lip crenulated. Dorsal fin notched between spiny and rayed sections, dorsal and anal fins attached to base of caudal fin by a membrane.
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These cirri themselves were connected to specialized columnals called nodals, leaving oval scars after breaking off. The cirri consisted of diamond-shaped plates with a central canal, less flatted further from the stem. The cup- shaped calyx was very small and consisted of two bands of five plates. These were the bases of the five arms.
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During copulation, the cirri of one individual connect with those of the other through the genital pore, and then spermatozoa are exchanged.
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Euplotes cells are inflexible, dorsoventrally flattened, and roughly ovoid, with a very large oral region (peristome) bordered on the left by a long "adoral zone of membranelles" (AZM). Like other spirotrich ciliates, Euplotes move and feed with the help of compound ciliary organelles called "cirri," made up of thick tufts of cilia sparsely distributed on the cell. Strong cirri on the ventral surface of the cell enable Euplotes to walk or crawl on submerged detritus and vegetation. All species of Euplotes have a group of stiff bristles (caudal cirri), which protrude from the posterior of the cell.
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They have from four to six pairs of feathery limbs, or "cirri", which they project out of their borings to catch drifting detritus for food. The mouthparts consist of mandibles, maxillules and maxillae. One pair of cirri is close to these while the others are at the other end of the body. Each individual acrothoracican is either male or female.
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The prostomium of Nereididae bears a pair of palps that are differentiated into two units, the proximal unit is much larger than the distal unit. Parapodia are mostly biramous (only the first two pairs are uniramous). Peristomium fused with the first body segment, with usually two pairs of tentacular cirri. The first body segment with 1-2 pairs tentacular cirri without aciculae.
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P. maculata is an elongated slender worm, tapering slightly towards the posterior. The prostomium (head) bears a pair of antennae, a pair of eyes, two small palps and a large eversible proboscis. The first few body segments bear four pairs of long, tentacular cirri. Other body segments bear parapodia with flattened cirri, the dorsal ones being heart-shaped and conspicuous.
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The palps are fused along their length, eliciting a dorsal furrow. Its dorsal cirri are short on its anterior segments, while a bit longer on its midbody and posterior segments; cirri are absent on chaetiger 2. Its parapodial glands are small, present from chaetigers 4-5. It shows anterior parapodia with 3-4 compound chaetae, with short and unidentate blades.
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There are a further 30 or so smaller suckers with delicate stalks. Between the suckers are conspicuous cirri up to long. These are elongate, fleshy tendrils set along the sides of the oral surface of the arms, the longest being in the mid-arm region. Both the suckers and the cirri do not extend as far as the tip of the arm.
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Pearl blennies are pale in colour marked with dark brown bands and have extremely bright white spots along the length of theor whole bodies. They have a blunt head and a high forehead with two moderately-sized eyes. They have filaments over the eyes and on the nape which are called cirri. When breeding the male's cirri and dorsal fins become enlarged.
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The park also has a strong showing of plant life, including orchids, heliconias, ferns, laurel, cirri, guayabo de monte, palms, bromeliads, and strangler figs.
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The species name "harpeza" is Greek for "thorn hedge", referring to the thornbush- like nasal and orbital spines and cirri on the blennies' heads.
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Barnacles have thoracic appendages modified for feeding, the cirri, which filter suspended food particles from water currents and pass the food to the mouth.
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Like other acorn barnacles, M. tintinnabulum is a filter feeder. Specially adapted legs called cirri are extended through the opening at the top of the shell and are waved about at right angles to the flow of water past the shell. Food particles are caught by these, and the cirri are periodically withdrawn into the shell and the food scraped off.Megabalanus coccopoma Smithsonian Marine Station.
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Its peristomium is small and short, covering the posterior prostomium margin. Its tentacular cirri and antennae are alike but shorter, similar to papillae in length. The species dorsum and ventrum are covered by large papillae, forming between 3 and 4 rows, giving it a rough appearance. It counts with dorsal cirri on all parapodia, which is short and mamilliform to lemon-shaped, counting with a retractile cirrostyle.
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There are more than 2 pores on the tip of its chin. On either side of the head are two or more heavily branched cirri, which are tentacle-like structures lacking features of a traditional tentacle. The cirri are directly anterior to the origin of the dorsal fin. There may also be flaps in front of the nostrils, eyes, and nape of the fish.
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Whittaker and Company. Descriptions of Halteria at this time were still rather vague, focusing on the quick jumping movement that results from the beating of its cirri and the presence of oral cilia. In 1858 Édouard Claparède and Johannes Lachmann described Halteria grandinella in greater detail. Noting explicitly for the first time, that the cirri are only found in an equatorial belt around the cell.
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Its proventricle is barrel-shaped, long and wide (spanning 3 segments), with about 26 muscle cell rows. Its pygidium is small, with no cirri and numerous papillae.
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When submerged, B. perforatus extends its cirri and beats then rhythmically at a rate of between two and twenty-four beats per ten seconds. The cirri are less extended when the beat rate is faster. It feeds on plankton and as well as catching food particles, it pumps water through its mantle cavity. The faster the beating, the more water is pumped and the volume may reach one litre per hour.
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Members of this genus have no stems but have five pairs of feathery arms arising from a central concave disc. There are a number of cirri or unbranched appendages on a low, cone-shaped dorsal ossicle, a bone-like structure in the centre of the disc. The mouth and the ambulacral grooves are also on the upper surface. Clawed cirri on the lower surface provide temporary attachment to the substrate.
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E. viridis is a dorsally flattened, slender worm with up to 200 segments. It grows to a length of and is mid-green or bright green in colour. The head bears five antennae, two eyes and four pairs of tentacular cirri; the eversible proboscis is cylindrical and dotted with rounded papillae. Each body segment has a pair of parapodia, and the cirri on these are long, thin and pointed.
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The first specimens of Aporometra paedophora to be described were found clinging by their cirri to the pinnules and cirri of the crinoid, Ptilometra macronema. Crinoids are dioecious, with separate male and female individuals. They do not have true gonads, instead they produce gametes from genital canals found inside some of the pinnules. In most species, the sperm and eggs are released into the water column when the pinnules rupture.
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The manubrium of the medusae is short. They lack a gastric peduncle, ocelli (making them effectively blind) and excretory pores, and have 4 simple radial canals and in adults at least 16 statocysts. The tentacles at their margin are hollow and at the side carry cirri; cirri are lacking from around the margin however. The gonads are located at the radial canals; they do not reach the manubrium.
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Mechanoreceptors are sensory receptors on the surface of the body. The presence of external particles can be detected by an organism possessing buccal cirri due to the sensory abilities associated with the mechanoreceptors. Additionally, the touch and pressure sensory receptors aid in the mechanical sorting of food particles. Chemical sorting of particles occur through the use of chemoreceptors, which are believed to be present within the buccal cirri structure.
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P. baileyi grows to around SL and can be identified by sparse, or dense, coverage of epidermal outgrowths or cirri on the head and body. The cirri tend to be more profuse in the juvenile state, becoming reduced or non-existent at higher ages. The abdomen is usually golden or orange, with no other markings. Like other pufferfish P. baileyi is scaleless, and is therefore extremely sensitive to water quality.
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The lateral line is straight along the body. It has a large mouth. The opercle on the blind side has no cirri. Their pelvic fins are also asymmetrical.
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The epipodium is prominent, fleshy, with or without cirri. Frontal lobes are present. The mantle edge is simple or reflexed and foliated. There is no slit in the front.
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Members of this family have five arms which subdivide near the base giving them ten arms in total. The arms can reach in length and at the base of the calyx there are up to 25 cirri, often longer than the arms. Unique among Comatulida, the cirri are flattened on the underside. The gonads are located on the pinnules and not on the arms, and the embryos are brooded in cavities in the arms.
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P. dumerilii senses chemicals with four types of organs: The antennae, the palps, the nuchal organs, and the tentacular cirri. The cirri are thin tendrils or filaments, while the nuchal organ is a singular ciliated pit. Appendages of the worm's head and trunk provide a multisensory complex, which detects food and chemical cues such as alcohols, esters, amino acids, and sugars; as well as performing tactile function. Parts of the brain resemble the insect brain.
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The antennae perform generalized chemosensation, while the palps are specialized for taste or detection of food-related chemical cues. The cirri are specialized in tactile sensation, but can also provide spatial information about chemical cues. Based on a single stimulus, the left and right cirrus can have a separate response time. The cirri are also photosensitive and involved in the "shadow reflex", a defensive withdrawal behaviour triggered by a decrease in illumination.
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This small worm grows to a length of about . The two palps are widely separated and the eversible pharynx bears a large tooth near the rim but behind the pharyngeal opening. On the dorsal surface, long and short cirri alternate. The antennae and cirri have dark spots, but the general body colour is variable, being some shade of brown, grey or pink, sometimes with orange or pink speckling near the anterior end.
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The body is fragile and easily broken in pieces. The dorsal cirri (thread-like growths) on the body segments are elongated and sometimes of unequal length; they are articulated while the ventral cirri are short and conical and not articulated. The chaetae (bristles) are simple and shaped somewhat like tomahawks. Some branches of the worm develop into stolons, reproductive elements that contain the eggs or sperm and which later become detached from the parent worm.
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Lancelets feed through a process of filter feeding using buccal cirri, velar tentacles, velum, wheel organ, Hatschek's pit, and the tracts in the pharynx called the endostyle and epibranchial groove.
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There is an opening at the top with a hinged operculum through which the thoracic limbs known as "cirri" protrude. The general colour is dull white with purple and brown markings.
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The posterior parapodium has cushion-like cirri. The setae include winged capillaries and pseudocompound forms on the anterior parapodia and winged capillaries, comb-setae and acicular setae on the posterior ones.
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The presence of these barnacles is semi- parasitic as the coral's tentacles retract when they come into contact with the barnacle's cirri (feeding appendages), and this hampers its food-gathering activities.
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Members of the Phyllodocidae are characterised by an eversible pharynx and leaf-like dorsal cirri. The head has a pair of antennae at the front, a pair of ventral palps and a single median antenna known as a "nuchal papilla". There is a pair of nuchal organs and there may or may not be a pair of eyes. The first two or three body segments may be part-fused and bear up to four pairs of tentacular cirri.
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Its pharyngeal tooth is long, located on the anterior margin. Its proventricle spans through two segments, with 23 muscle cell rows. Its pygidium is small, with long papillae and two anal cirri.
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These are also articulated and are tipped with claws and when the cirri come into contact with other objects, they cling to them and help stabilise the sea lily and keep it upright.
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The feather-like cirri are repeatedly fanned out and then retracted inside the plates to create a current and draw in zooplankton and detritus for consumption.Goose Barnacles: Undulating Creatures Retrieved 2011-11-28.
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The remaining body segments each bear leaf-like dorsal and ventral cirri, the dorsal ones being larger. The parapodia are uniramous or biramous, and chaetae are present on all but the first segment.
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At the anterior end of its body the worm possesses a radiole crown composed of approximately a dozen radioles situated around its prostomium. Additionally, along the radiole crown are approximately 6 tentacular cirri.
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Slow beat rates are linked to pauses while the cirri are retracted rather than a reduction in the speed of movement of the cirri. B. perforatus is well adapted to life as an efficient current-producing suspension feeder. Breeding takes place between May and September in the English Channel when the quantity of planktonic food for the larvae is at its greatest. Initially the larvae are brooded by the adult and after their first moult are released into the water column.
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The palps are shorter in length to the prostomium, being dorsally fused by a membrane and containing a distal notch. It carries two ciliated nuchal organs between its prostomium and peristomium, the latter being similar in length to the adjacent segments. Its tentacular cirri and antennae are alike in length, the dorsal pair relatively the same in length to the lateral antennae. The species' dorsal cirri are rugose, present on all chaetigers except 2, with those of chaetiger 1 being slightly longer.
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It carries two ciliated nuchal organs between its prostomium and peristomium, the latter being similar in length to the adjacent segments. Its tentacular cirri and antennae are alike, but longer, the dorsal pair relatively the same in length to the lateral antennae. The species' dorsal cirri are spindle-shaped, present on all chaetigers, with those of chaetiger 1 being slightly longer. It shows bidentate blades within compound chaetae, both teeth with long, distally directed thin spines, which are longer in the dorsalmost chaetae.
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Its peristomium is shorter than its succeeding segments, while the parapodial glands are small, the animal possessing about 2 glands per parapodium. Its dorsal cirri are similar in length to the lateral antennae, albeit longer than the parapodial lobes. Its ventral cirri are digitiform. Its anterior parapodia have about 7 compound chaetae each, 2 with long and slender blades 20µm long, with thin marginal spines; and 5 with shorter blades that diminish in length, bein 10 µm long above, and 5 µm below.
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Myzostoma anatomy, showing cirri (c); the pharynx (p), and anus (a) Diversity of myzostomid body shapes A typical myzostomid has a flattened, rounded shape, with a thin edge drawn out into delicate radiating hairs called cirri. The dorsal surface is smooth, with five pairs of parapodia on the bottom surface. These parapodia are armed with supporting and hooked setae, by means of which the worm adheres to its host. Beyond the parapodia are four pairs of organs, often called suckers.
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Once they are free-living, however, they still use these cirri to elevate themselves to put themselves in a better position to trap food. Because these cirri are so long and robust, the posture of O. bennetti can be used to easily distinguish it from other similar species. O. bennetti is diurnally active, meaning it is active during the day, unlike many other species of crinoids. The color of this species is quite variable, ranging from yellow to brown and purple.
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In the trophic stage, Halteria cells are globular and between 15 and 35 µm in size. Cells possess both oral cilia and rigid equatorial cirri. A collar of prominent oral cilia can be found at the anterior end of Halteria cells, partially surrounding the buccal cavity. This oral apparatus consists of fifteen membranelles that encircle the peristome and seven membranelles inside the buccal cavity. The rigid cirri of Halteria, sometimes referred to as jumping bristles, are each 15-25 µm long.
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These appendages are themselves formed of small ossicles called cirrals and the terminal one is often claw- like. These cirri provide additional anchorage if the stem happens to be in contact with the substrate.
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Now known as pentacrinoid larvae, they have a similar feeding system to that of the adults. Eventually they develop clawed cirri and become detached from their stalks, reaching maturity in one to two years.
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Its peristomium is similar to the segments that succeed it, being somewhat bilobed. Its tentacular cirri and antennae are alike, but smaller, the dorsal cirri shorter than the antennae but longer than the former, being absent on chaetiger 2. It shows slender and unidentate blades within heteromorphic compound chaetae, the longer blades provided with thin spines. Its parapodia count with 2 compound chaetae each, with a long blade on its midbody measuring about 48-53µm, while another 6 are provided with sabre-like blades.
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Chelonibia testudinaria top view, hermaphrodite with male attached, by Melissa Merrill Chelonibia testudinaria underside, by Melissa Merrill C. patula has a conical shaped shell with smooth plates, with long cirri IV, V and VI. Dwarf males often settle on the plates and are distributed randomly. In contrast, C. testudinaria has a flatter, less conical shape, the cirri IV, V and VI are short, and there are shallow oval depressions on the radii at the junctions of the plates. Dwarf males commonly settle in these depressions.
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Body short, 41 to 50 segments, 16 pairs of elytra. Anterior margin of prostomium with pair of acute anterior peaks. Lateral antennae inserted ventrally (beneath prostomium and median antenna). Antennae, palps, dorsal and ventral cirri papillated.
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Family Antedonidae Marine Species Identification Portal. Retrieved 2011-10-13. There is great variability in the morphological features in Antedonids found in different habitats and the main distinguishing feature among the species is the number of cirri.
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London: A & C Black. Pentacrinites can be recognized by the extensions (or cirri) all around the stem, which are long, unbranching, and of increasing length further down, the very small cup and 5 long freely branching arms.
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The head of the animal is proboscidiform. The epipodial line has a pair of conical lobes and three pairs of cirri. The white shell has a turbiniform or discoidal shape. It shows longitudinal ribs or is clathrate.
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Erinaceusyllis kathrynae is a species belonging to the phylum Annelida, a group known as the segmented worms. E. kathrynaen is similar to E. cirripapillata, but lacks characteristic papillae on its cirri. At the same time, Sphaerosyllis perspicax - which according to San Martín (2005) could belong to the genus Erinaceusyllis - is also similar, but its anterior dorsal cirri are inflated at their bases; the eyes and antennae are arranged linearly, and the palps are fused along their length. This species is named in honour of Kathryn Attwood of the Australian Museum.
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The large aperture is somewhat quadrangular. The lip is thin. The animal has long tentacles and large black eyes. There are four large lateral cirri on each side, with a group of four or five small intermediate ones.
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It lacks eyes. Its mandibles are rod-like, with anterior dentition. Its maxillae has 7 pairs of free denticles. It also counts with two peristomial segments without setae, its parapodia being uniramous and showing short dorsal and ventral cirri.
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Its supraacicular simple chaetae shows distal serration, while subacicular chaetae are compound, its blades showing serration. Its pygidium has a terminal anus, with two pygidial cirri being laterally inserted, as well as an unpaired appendage that is placed ventrally.
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Cirripectes heemstraorum, the yellowtail blenny, is a species of combtooth blenny from the family Blenniidae. It is found in the Indian Ocean where it is known from three South African specimens and an Indonesian specimen. It is distinguished from its congeners by the nape having an extensive black flap on both sides of its neck; 10-13 cirri which are found between the neck flaps; an entire dorsal fin; 5-6 cirri above the eye, 6-8 cirri on the noes; the males have small dark spots on their body towards the tail which merge to form short black stripes on caudal peduncle, in life the females have a brilliant yellow caudal fin while in the males only the outer half of the tail is bright yellow. The specific name honours the South African ichthyologists Phillip C. Heemstra and Elaine Heemstra both of the South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity.
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It may be confused with the rather similar Antedon petasus but that species is usually larger with up to 50 cirri, looks neater and does not have ridges on the undersides of its arms.Feather Star (Antedon bifida) Marine Species Identification Portal.
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The number of caudal cirri varies, even within a species, but it is most common for Euplotes to have 4 or 5. The macronucleus is typically long and narrow, and approximately horseshoe-shaped, C-shaped, or resembling the number 3.
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Its pharyngeal tooth is rhomboidal, small and placed near the opening. Its proventricle is long and wide, barrel-shaped, spanning through 3 segments, with 15-17 muscle cell rows. Its pygidium is small, with long papillae and elongate anal cirri.
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The thorax bears three pairs of maxillipeds and cirri with five or six pairs of long feeding appendages. The caudal appendages are curved and pointed which helps distinguish Lepas anserifera from other species.Lepas anserifera Marine Species Identification Portal. Retrieved 2011-11-28.
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A number of brown, filamentous cirri or feeding tentacles project from between the plates. The peduncle is tough and a purplish-brown colour. The capitulum can grow to a length of and the peduncle varies between and .Lepas anatifera Marine Species Identification Portal.
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The tentacles are long, subcylindrical and bluntly pointed. The broad epipodium (the lateral grooves between foot and mantle) is thin, entire, and fringed with a row of small, short papillae. But it does bear cirri. It is closely applied to the shell.
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Grimpoteuthis megaptera Oral view of G. megaptera G. megaptera lives in the Atlantic Ocean off of Martha's Vineyard in the United States. It was found 4,600 meters deep. Its full length reaches 107 millimeters. Its eyes are small, as are its suckers and cirri.
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Antedonidae is a family of crinoids or feather stars in the phylum Echinodermata. Members of the family are unstalked and have ten feathery arms. They can move about freely and have clawed cirri to attach them temporarily to structures.Family Antedonidae Marine Species Identification Portal.
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The body is short, with 39 segments bearing 16 pairs of elytra. The anterior margin of the prostomium has a pair of acute anterior peaks. The lateral antennae are inserted ventrally (beneath prostomium and median antenna). Palps, antennae, dorsal and ventral cirri bear papillae.
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World Polychaeta database. The body of the worm consists of a head, a cylindrical, segmented body and a tailpiece. The head consists of a prostomium (part for the mouth opening) and a peristomium (part around the mouth) and carries paired appendages (palps, antennae and cirri).
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A small fish, with maximum recorded size of about 4.8 cm. Small unbranched supraorbital, nasal and nuchal cirri. Lip margins smooth. Deep notch in dorsal fin between spiny and rayed sections, dorsal fin attached to base of caudal peduncle by a membrane, anal fin free.
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523-546 and can be of variable colours but are often characterised by a marked contrast between the extending free-arms and the feathery pinnules (for example, dark brown and white). This species clings to its support and moves around by its feet-like cirri.
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The beautiful crinoid is a suspension feeder. They filter feed on marine microorganisms like algae, diatoms, and larvae. They also consume marine snow (detritus). This filtration occurs on their cirri, which is linked to the gut near the mouth and anus on the centrodorsal plate.
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Melibe leonina from Santa Cruz, California. The body of M. leonina is translucent and is usually colorless to pale yellow or green. The average body dimensions are 102mm long and 25mm wide. It has a large expandable oral hood, fringed with two rows of cirri.
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The characters which distinguish Austropolaria from other scale worm genera in the predominantly deep sea subfamily Macellicephalinae are seven pairs of papillae on the pharynx, nine pairs of reduced elytrophores, ventral cirri inserted subdistally on the neuropodia, and a ventral keel at the posterior end.
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It possesses no eyes, its mandibles being L-shaped, counting with anterior serration. Its maxillae exhibits 7 free denticles. It also counts with two peristomial segments without setae. Its parapodia has dorsal ventral cirri, with simple supraacicular chaetae and compound subacicular chaetae with serrated blades.
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The pygidium is papillated, with two anal cirri twice as long as the dorsal cirri. Sphaerosyllis levantina and Sphaerosyllis minima are alike, by having serrated blades of falcigers throughout the body. S. minima, however has a stronger dorso-ventral gradation of the falcigers' blades. Sphaerosyllis capensis, Sphaerosyllis taylori, and Sphaerosyllis sandrae also show similarities with S. levantina, especially with regards to the shape and serration of the falcigers' blades, but S. capensis has all antennae positioned in line, and S. taylori shows no dorso-ventral gradation of the falciger blade length, while S. sandrae has smooth falcigerous blades posteriorly and parapodial glands with hyaline material.
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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 11(2), 122-129. The only exception to this is the oral ciliature of the parent cell which is inherited by the proter daughter cell. The parental cirri are resorbed by the cell during division and the cirri of both daughter cells are produced de novo from cirral anlagen and the oral ciliature of the opisthe daughter cell is generated de novo through the formation of an oral primordium at the posterior end of the cell. Both the macronucleus and micronucleus divide during the process resulting in two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.
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The specimen's mantle reached 57 millimeters long, and its total length reached 185 millimeters. Some of its arms are longer than the others. There are between 55 and 60 suckers per arm, the largest of which are 2.5 millimeters in diameter. The octopus' cirri are short.
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Like other cirrates, octopuses in Opisthoteuthis are generally small, and many dwell in the deep sea. They have cirri on their arms, internal shells to support their bodies, and muscular fins for steering. Like octopuses of Grimpoteuthis, opisthoteuthids have been seen resting or crawling on the seafloor.
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The decorated warbonnet (Chirolophis decoratus) is a fish of the family Stichaeidae. The species name, decoratus, is a Latin word meaning ornamented. The decorated warbonnet was given its name because of the prominent cirri on its head which resembles the feathers in an Indian Chieftain's war bonnet.
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Anteholosticha azerbaijanica is a species of hypotrich, a group of protists. It was discovered in Azerbaijan, at the south coast of the Absheron Peninsula. It has three frontal cirri, a slender elongate body 220-300 μm long, with rear portion narrowed tail-like. The body is flattened.
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Members of this genus have no stems but have five pairs of feathery arms arising from a central concave disc. There are a number of long cirri or unbranched appendages on a low, cone-shaped dorsal ossicle, a bone-like structure in the centre of the disc.
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These crests are visible on the exterior. Diagnostic soft part features include a dark brown body with black cirri, and mandible with three, sometimes four teeth. First tooth is separated from rest by large gap. The lower edge bears a row of fine bristles without larger teeth.
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This crinoid is one of two living genera that has ten radial ossicles, each giving rise to a pair of arms; there is a single canal in each radial ossicle and no basal rays. At the base are a number of clawed structures known as cirri.
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Feet uniramose, furnished with only one tuft of setae. Headlobe with four or (?) two eyes, a tentacle, two antennae, and two palpi. The first segment of body provided with four cirri on each side ; the succeeding segments with a cirrus on each side. Body nearly as broad as long.
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It is often associated with other crinoids and bryozoans and may dominate its habitat. It moves from place to place, clinging to rocks, seaweed and molluscs with its clawed cirri. It favours areas with strong currents in both sheltered and fairly exposed positions and is often found in gullies.
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It resembles Salvatoria swedmarki and S. celiae, differing from pilkena in that the latter has significantly longer proventricles, while its compound chaetae are short and unidentate. At the same time, S. opisthodentata has a similar body and compound chaetae but appears to possess dorsal cirri on its chaetiger 2.
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It is large, reaching a total length of 470 millimeters (18.5 inches). Like all cirrates, it has a web over its arms and cirri between its suckers, as well as fins for swimming and a hard shell inside its mantle. G. boylei has a shell shaped like a saddle.
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The Sargassum blenny has two quite distinct dorsal fins. The face is elongated and the mouth resembles that of a pike. There are no cirri. The general colour is brown with patches of silver on the flanks and there are 2 blue eyespots on the posterior dorsal fin.
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It is distinguished partly by long cirri at the posterior, usually a cluster of three. The largest can just be seen at a 25x magnification, and the smallest can just be seen at a 450x magnification. Members of the group are carnivorous and prey on other protozoans and bacteria.
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Anus surmounted by a spoon shaped hood with a ventral opening, 20 fine annular rings and 14-20 long papillae along edge. On the ventral side of basis, two long cirrus, behind one unpaired longer cirri. .Kirkegaard, J. B. Danmarks Fauna 86, Havbørsteorme II. Copenhagen. Danmarks Naturhistoriske Forening, 1996.
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Born in Catanzaro, Pingitore started his career as a journalist,Giorgio Dell’Arti, Massimo Parrini. Catalogo dei viventi. Marsilio, 2009. . then he was with Mario Castellacci, Luciano Cirri and Piero Palumbo the founder in 1965 of the "Bagaglino" Theatre (originally named "Bragaglino" as a tribute to Anton Giulio Bragaglia) in Rome.
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These small featherstars are predominantly dark brown on their underside. The underside reveals its finger-like brachials and cirri they use to walk and anchor themselves to objects. Arguelles, Carmen C, et al. “Identification of Feather Stars (Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Comatulida) at Subic Bay, Zambales, Philippines.” Philippine Journal of Science, vol.
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Myxicola infundibulum is a species of polychaete worm from the family Sabellidae. The body consists of a head, a cylindrical, segmented body and a tail piece. The head consists of a Prostomium (part of the mouth) and a peristomium (area around the mouth) and carries paired appendages (palps, antennae and cirri).
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There is a short spine on the snout with a cirrus beside it, and tufts of cirri on the top of the head, along the lateral line and at the base of the dorsal fin. The colour of this fish is variable, being anything from green to pink or reddish-brown.
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Salarias fasciatus is a small fish, with maximum recorded size of about 14 cm. Body depth about 3.7 to 4.2 in length, head small, branched supraorbital and nuchal cirri. Lip margins smooth. No notch in dorsal fin, dorsal and anal fins attached to base of caudal fin by a membrane.
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The centre of each arm has an ambulacral groove down which food particles are moved by cilia to the mouth. When the arms are fully extended to either side, the crinoid may measure across. On the aboral (under) surface are clawlike cirri which grasp the seabed. This feather star is reddish-brown.
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Between suckers 8 to 25 there are conspicuous cirri. These are elongate, fleshy tendrils borne on the sides of the oral surface of the arms, the longest being at sucker 20 which can be up to 50 mm in length.Stauroteuthis syrtensis - Verrill 1879 The Tree of Life Web Project. Retrieved 2011-10-04.
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Chrysopetalidae is a family of polychaete worms. The body is short or elongated, with few or numerous segments. All segments bear on their dorsal side a fan or a transverse row of paleae. The cephalic lobe has tentacles and eyes and the buccal segment has two or four tentacular cirri on each side.
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The suborder is named for small, cilia-like strands (cirri) on the arms of the octopus, a pair for each sucker. These are thought to play some role in feeding, perhaps by creating currents of water that help bring food closer to the beak. Cirrate octopuses are noteworthy for lacking ink sacs.
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The columella is strongly concave, terminating in an indistinct tooth. The yellowish animal has long tentacles, and four long cirri on each side. The eyes are well developed. The radula is somewhat different from the typical species of the genus; there is no large lateral tooth, between the inner and outer series.
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The seaweed blenny has a blunt head, a beak-like snout and a long, slender body. It grows to a maximum length of about . The mouth contains about forty comb-like incisors and above the eyes there are tufts of branched cirri (slender, fleshy structures). The gill slits are continuous across the throat.
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A. harringtoni uses camouflage to blend into its surroundings. It can be identified by the orange linings of its gills and the orange or red lines running through its eyes. The species also has cirri above each eye. A. harringtoni is sexually dimorphic, with adult males reaching a maximum length of 10 centimeters.
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Pionosyllis serratisetosa is a polychaete from the family Syllidae. The body of the worm exists as a head, a cylindrical, segmented body ending in a tail. The head consists of a prostomium and peristomium and a pair of appendages (palp, antennae and cirri). Pionosyllis serratisetosa was first described by Lòpez, San Martín & Jiménez.
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The animal counts with 25 chaetigers over a length of with palps but without anal cirri. Its width at its sixth chaetiger is 250µm without parapodia. It has a small and thin body, widest at its proventricle. It shows irregular dorsal papillation on its anterior chaetigers, while its ventrum does not show papillation.
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Members of this order have long slender stems consisting of a large number of identical columnar units. There are no cirri, and the basal disc of the stem attaches directly to the substrate. The calyx is globular or conical, and consists of five widely-spaced, undivided arms attached to five radial ossicles.
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Stauroteuthis gilchristi has a secondary web, a small mantle aperture and a vestigial, U-shaped shell supporting the fins. The arms are fringed with long cirri but these do not extend as far as the tip. There is no radula. It can be distinguished from the otherwise similar Stauroteuthis syrtensis by the larger suckers.
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S. pulchra grows to a mantle length of 22 mm. It has a warty mantle and is reddish-brown in colour with a large purple patch on the back. It has fins of variable width, which are usually fairly wide, beginning relatively far back on the body. There are three-pronged cirri over each eye.
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Buccal cirri are found in organisms in the group called Amphioxus, which are commonly known as Lancelets. These organisms are in the kingdom Animalia, the phylum Chordata, the class Leptocardii, and the order Amphioxiformes. Lancelets are classified in the taxonomic group cephalochordates. There are thirty two different species of Lancelets in the order of Amphioxiformes.
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The ossicles from which the stem is composed are known as columnals. They are discs with a circular, pentagonal, star-shaped or elliptical cross section. The stem is flexible and the columnals are connected to each other with ligaments. At each node where the columnals articulate with each other there may be a whorl of five cirri.
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This octopus' mantle reaches 53 millimeters long, and it weighs at least 1,345 grams when wet. Every arm has between 60 and 70 suckers, which are small. Like other cirrates, G. meangensis has a web covering its arms to some degree; the web of G. meangensis covers the majority of its arms. The cirri on these arms are short.
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Like extant crinoids, Agaricocrinus americanus was anchored to a hard surface by a holdfast out of which grew an articulated stalk. On top of this was a calyx with a number of feather-like arms. Each arm bore short branches known as pinnules and from these cirri were extended which sifted plankton from the water flowing past.
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Like extant crinoids, Agaricocrinus species was anchored to a hard surface by a holdfast out of which grew an articulated stalk. On top of this was a calyx with a number of feather-like arms. Each arm bore short branches known as pinnules and from these cirri were extended which sifted plankton from the water flowing past.
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The pharynx spans approximately 3-4 segments and is longer than the proventricle. Its pharyngeal tooth is conical and located on its anterior margin. Its proventricle is short and spans through 2-2.5 segments, with 13 muscle cell rows. Its pygidium is small and bilobed, with 2 long anal cirri, which are longer than the animal's median antenna.
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The parapodia of burrowing and tube-dwelling polychaetes are often just ridges whose tips bear hooked chetae. In active crawlers and swimmers the parapodia are often divided into large upper and lower paddles on a very short trunk, and the paddles are generally fringed with chetae and sometimes with cirri (fused bundles of cilia) and gills.
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The eyes are large. The tentacles are long and stout, without frontal lobes. The epipodium has a large anterior lobe, and four cirri all anterior to the operculum and about of equal size. The jaws are separate, squarish, composed of small horny obliquely set rods, whose lozenge- shaped end-sections reticulate the surface under the microscope.
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Some species differ in form from the typical octopus body shape. Basal species, the Cirrina, have stout gelatinous bodies with webbing that reaches near the tip of their arms, and two large fins above the eyes, supported by an internal shell. Fleshy papillae or cirri are found along the bottom of the arms, and the eyes are more developed.
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Memoir of the National Science Museum, Tokyo 41: 217-222. Abundant collection records are available from Sagami Bay and Suruga Bay. It is found attached by its stem to rocks, shells and other hard surfaces, using its cirri to anchor itself into position. It can move across the seabed using its arms but seldom does so.
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Specifically, A. nuttingi has 82 segments and 40 pairs of elytra, with a nearly continuous reddish brown longitudinal dorsal pigmentation band with some spots at the base of the dorsal cirri and some midventral pigmentation. The lateral antennae are inserted ventrally (beneath the prostomium and median antenna), and notochaetae are about as thick as neurochaetae. Bidentate neurochaetae are absent.
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This species appears orange in color and has two eyes. They have dorsal arms with 47–58 suckers. Each sucker has a pair of cirri, which are thought to have a role in feeding, by creating currents of water that help bring food closer to their mouth or beak. They feed on worms, bivalves, copepods and crustaceans.
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Like extant crinoids, Delocrinus species was anchored to a hard surface by a holdfast out of which grew an articulated stalk. On top of this was a calyx with a number of feather-like arms. Each arm bore short branches known as pinnules and from these cirri were extended which sifted plankton from the water flowing past.
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While some subspecies of E. parrae possess arms with a smooth dorsal surface, others have been shown to exhibit a serrated dorsal surface, while others have shown morphology that is between the two characteristics, not quiet smooth but not fully serrated. Cirri allow the crinoid to attach itself to the sediment and continue upwards along the stalk.
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Food and fluid particles passing through buccal cirri are sorted using chemoreceptors, which respond to chemical stimuli. Responses to stimuli are sent to higher order processing centers like the brain and nerve cord. The transmission of signals to higher order processing centers allows the organism to become aware of what type of particles are in and around the mouth.
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Members of this order have stems consisting of a single skeletal unit or a very small number of units. There are no cirri, and the expanded base of the stem attaches directly to the substrate. The calyx may be asymmetrical and consists of five arms attached to five radial ossicles. The arms subdivide at arm ossicle I or II.
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There are also two small flat cirri, behind and beneath the operculum. The foot is broad, ovate, with two tentacle-like processes in front. The gill is large, consisting of numerous thin lamellae, attached to the inner surface of the mantle, over the left side of the neck, and extending obliquely across and over the neck to the right side.Verrill, A. E. 1882.
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A. petasus is found on the coasts of north west Europe, the range extending from Scandinavia south to Britain. It typically occurs at depths of . It is a more northerly species than Antedon bifida and displaces it in deeper waters. It can be found clinging to rocks and boulders, kelp and sessile invertebrates with its clawed cirri, preferring positions with a strong current.
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There is a ring of clawlike appendages (the cirri) near the base of the aboral underside; these grip the substrate to keep the feather star in place. There are five long, often branched, rays attached round the edge of the tegmen. Each of these is further subdivided into branchlets (the pinnules). Most comatulids originally have 10 arms, each ray being subdivided once.
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Lipophrys is a small genus of combtooth blennies found in Atlantic ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. It is one of 57 genera in the family Blenniidae. The generic name is made up of the Greek words lipo meaning "want" or "absence" and phrys meaning "eyebrow" referring to the lack of any cirri over the eyes in the type species L. pholis.
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The holotypic female A. frondiculus specimen measured 23.8 mm in standard length. Its body was olive in colour, becoming white around the stomach, and also bore six brown stripes on either side. It possessed yellow irises with reddish-orange lines stemming from the pupils. While most species of Alloblennius possess short, minute supraorbital cirri, the cirrus is large and prominent on A. frondiculus.
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The tentacles at the epipodium (the lateral grooves between foot and mantle) are well developed. The species in Medusafissurella have numerous subequal tentacles at the propodium, while the species in Dendrofissurella have an outgrowth with main trunk and side branches at the propodium. The eyes are situated on rudimentary pedicels at their outer bases. The sides are ornamented with short cirri.
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Bathyeliasona mariaae has 17 segments and the anterior margin of the prostomium comprises a pair of acute anterior projections that extend into long, forward facing filiaments. The lateral antennae are also absent. The ventral cirri approach the tip of the neuroacicula. Notochaetae can be of two types: stouter with distinct rows of spines or slender with well-developed rows of spines.
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The crown is supported by a tough stalk composed of calcareous ossicles bound together by ligaments. At the base of the stalk is a disc-like sucker and the sides of the stalk bear five whorls of cirri (clawed appendages). The stalk continues lengthening during the animal's life and may reach and the arms can grow to half that length.
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Erinaceusyllis cirripapillata is a species belonging to the phylum Annelida, a group known as the segmented worms. E. cirripapillata is characterized by its papillae on its dorsal cirri, one of them being distinctively mushroom-shaped. No species of this genus or Sphaerosyllisis is known to possess this particular kind of papillae. The name of the species refers to these same papillae.
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Its maxillae have seven pairs of free denticles. It counts with two peristomial segments without setae. It counts with a cirriform acicular lobe, its supraacicular chaetae being simple, while the subacicular chaetae are compound, and exhibit serrated blades. Its pygidium has a terminal anus, with two pygidial cirri that measure as long as its antennae and shows a short appendage ventrally.
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A stalked crinoid (white) and a comatulid (red) in deep sea, showing the differences between these two sister groups Most modern crinoids, i.e., the feather stars, are free-moving and lack a stem as adults. Examples of fossil crinoids that have been interpreted as free-swimming include Marsupitsa, Saccocoma and Uintacrinus. In general, crinoids move to new locations by crawling, using the cirri as legs.
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Members of this family have five arms which subdivide near the base giving them ten arms in total. The arms can reach in length, and there are thirty to sixty or more cirri. The gonads are located on the arms, and the embryos are brooded in cavities in the arms. The aboral surface (underside) of the disc has five deep radial pits arranged in a star- shape.
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Microscope image of an individual elytron from Augenerilepidonotus dictyolepis. Note the fringing papillae on the border. In annelids, elytra (; from Greek ἔλυτρον "sheath, cover"; singular: elytron ) are shield-like scales that are attached dorsally, one pair on each of a number of alternating segments and entirely or partly cover the dorsum. Elytra are modified dorsal cirri, and their number, size, location, and ornamentation are important taxonomic characters.
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The species' body is small, with a total length of and width of , including about 30 chaetigers. It possesses short papillae on its dorsum, parapodia and cirri. Its prostomium is ovate, showing 4 eyes in a trapezoidal arrangement, as well as 2 anterior eyespots. Its antennae have bulbous bases and short tips, its median antenna shorter than the combined length of its prostomium and palps.
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Its ventral cirri are long and slender, while its parapodial glands are very small. It shows anterior parapodia with 5 compound chaetae each, with unidentate blades. The blades of the dorsal compound chaetae possess marginal spines about 12µm long, while the blades of ventral compound chaetae are smooth, measuring about 9 µm long. Sphaerosyllis voluntariorum shows dorsal simple chaetae from chaetiger 1, unidentate with few spines.
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Like most echinoderms, Pentacrinites was composed of numerous calcite plates which were arranged into different body parts. Pentacrinites had 3 kinds of body parts: arms, cup (calyx or theca) and stem. The stem consisted of a stack of numerous 5-sided beads (or columnal plates) with a canal at their centre. The stem had flexible appendages (or cirri) that were used to attach an individual.
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It feeds on detritus, phytoplankton and zooplankton caught by means of a sticky substance on the arms. It can cling onto corals with short appendages called cirri, but it also can freely swim. The larvae of this feather star swim freely with plankton for a few weeks, then they settle down growing into a stalked form. Mature specimen break the stalk becoming free-living.
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The vampire squid can reach a maximum total length around . Its gelatinous body varies in colour from velvety jet-black to pale reddish, depending on location and lighting conditions. A webbing of skin connects its eight arms, each lined with rows of fleshy spines or cirri; the inner side of this "cloak" is black. Only the distal halves (farthest from the body) of the arms have suckers.
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Body slender and 25–60 mm long, with 50 chaetae bearing segments. Colour yellowish or pearly grey with bright red gills, and all segments finely multi-annulated. The prostomium is conical, ending in a median progress with a slightly swollen tip and two big dorsolateral nuchal-crevasses. Except first, and two to three last segments, all chaetigers has long cirriform gills, and ventral cirri.
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A comparative fine structural and phylogenetic analysis of resting cysts in oligotrich and hypotrich Spirotrichea (Ciliophora). European Journal of Protistology, 43(4), 295-314 Species of Halteria can be identified by their unique jumping movement which is enabled by an equatorial row of stiff cirri that beat in unison, allowing the organism to move very quickly backwards.Patterson, D.J. & Hedley, S., (1996). Freeliving and Freshwater Protozoa.
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The prostomium has two lobes and bears several pairs of antennae, a pair of palps and two pairs of eyes. The dorsal surface of the body, which has uniform width, is completely concealed by two rows of overlapping scales, resembling fish scales. These scales are modified cirri and are supported on short stalks. They are covered in tubercles of varying sizes, and have a fringe of papillae.
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The subfamily Notochthamalinae Foster and Newman, 1987, was proposed for members of the barnacle family Chthamalidae with elongated scuta and very narrow terga deeply interlocked, sometimes concrescent. Shell plates may become concrescent with age in some species. Soft part characters include card setae on some or all of cirri I to III, and mandible with or without combed lower edge. Poltarukha made further revisions in 1996.
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Blenniformids are generally small fish-only occasionally reaching lengths up to 55 cm, with elongated bodies (some almost eel-like), and relatively large eyes and mouths. Their dorsal fins are often continuous and long; the pelvic fins typically have a single embedded spine and are short and slender, situated before the pectoral fins. The tail fin is rounded. The blunt heads of blenniiformids often possess elaborate whisker-like structures called cirri.
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These nerves are motor in nature, and control the musculature of the tube feet. The third portion of the nervous system lies aborally, and is responsible for the flexing and movement actions of the arms, pinnules and cirri. This is centred on a mass of neural tissue near the base of the calyx, and provides a single nerve to each arm and a number of nerves to the stalk.
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Notocrinus virilis is a robust, stalkless crinoid with ten arms (five arms, each subdivided into two) up to long. There are five deep radial pits on the centro-dorsal axis of the disc, forming a "radial star". There are fewer than fifty cirri at the base of the calyx. The pinnules that extend from either side of the arms are relatively short and are circular in cross section.
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The brownback salamander is so-named for its brown color, which is in contrast with the yellow hue of southern two- lined salamanders. Members of the species are typically 30–40 mm. Males and females are sexually dimorphic in head shape with the males having broader heads. Males of the brownback salamander do not possess cirri, which distinguishes this species from other brook salamanders including the southern two-lined salamander.
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A. petasus has a conical disc with five pairs of arms, each up to long and fringed with pinnules, giving it a feathery appearance. The pinnules are smooth on the underside and are varyingly coloured in blotches of white, red and brown. On the underside of the disc are 50-100 short curled cirri with which the animal moves around and clings to the substrate.Antedon petasus Marine Species Identification Portal.
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Cilia are arranged in rows called kineties. In some forms there are also body polykinetids, for instance, among the spirotrichs where they generally form bristles called cirri. More often body cilia are arranged in mono- and dikinetids, which respectively include one and two kinetosomes (basal bodies), each of which may support a cilium. These are arranged into rows called kineties, which run from the anterior to posterior of the cell.
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The arms can be long and are the only part of the crinoid normally visible as its body is generally concealed in a crevice or inside a sponge. At the base of the crinoid are several cirri, unbranched appendages with which it grips the rock or other substrate. The arms are orange or red and the pinnules are grey or banded in black and white and have a beaded appearance.
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The distal segments of the cirri have their distal edge slightly swollen so that the organism's dorsal profile retains a slightly scalloped appearance in comparison to L. phalangium. L. celtica has short proximal oral pinnule segments protruding from its stalk to allow for feeding. Its oral pinnules are arranged in irregular columns are somewhat shorter in length in comparison to L. phalangium. The four lowest pinnules average between 12–17 mm.
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The oligotrichs are a group of ciliates, included among the spirotrichs. They have prominent oral cilia, which are arranged as a collar and lapel, in contrast to the choreotrichs where they form a complete circle. The body cilia are reduced to a girdle and ventral cilia. In Halteria and its relatives, they form bristles or cirri; however these forms may be closer relatives of the stichotrichs than of other oligotrichs.
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The bodies of these organisms are totally enclosed by a stony gray-whitish shell. The size of these shells ranges from 5 millimeters to 10 centimeters. They take the form of a cone consisting of six plates fixed on the rocks. The active animal can only be observed within the water when the shell opens and the barnacles expose two branched appendages (cirri ) regularly hitting the water to catch food.
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Ampharete oculicirrata is a sea worm species of the genus Ampharete first described in June 2019 after its discovery in the West Shetland Shelf Nature Conservation Marine Protected Area. It was discovered by a team of scientists from Joint Nature Conservation Committee and Marine Scotland Science. The worm has eyes both on its head and on cirri extending out of its anus and measures between 4 - 5mm in length.
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Stylonychia is a genus of ciliates, in the subclass Hypotrichia. Species of Stylonychia are very common in fresh water and soil, and may be found on filamentous algae, surface films, and among particles of sediment. Stylonychia can also be found swimming on and through decaying vegetation and pond scum floating through the water. Like its relatives, Stylonychia has cilia grouped into membranelles alongside the mouth and cirri over the body.
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At least thirty pairs of elytra, scale-like modifications to the dorsal cirri, conceal the animal's body. These are on alternate segments and do not meet dorsally, leaving the central line of the body uncovered. A. vittata is a pale yellowish colour, with a few faint transverse bands, and a dark stripe located across segments 7 and 8. It can grow to a length of but is usually shorter.
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This barnacle also attaches to several species of parasitic copepods, and on one occasion was observed attached to an isopod that was parasitic on an orange filefish (Aluterus schoepfii). Like most barnacles, Conchoderma virgatum is a filter feeder. A number of modified legs known as "cirri" can be extended into the water column. These feathery appendages beat rhythmically and catch plankton and small organic particles, drawing them into the mouth.
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This is a small species of crinoid with arms up to long. The five arms each divide close to the base giving ten arms in total, with feather-like pinnules fanning out on either side. There are also up to 25 unusual cirri with flattened undersides which may be longer than the arms. Both the gonads, and the chambers in which the larvae are brooded, are located on the pinnules in this species.
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The titan acorn barnacle is a suspension feeder, extending its cirri (modified legs) from the aperture at the top of the shell to catch plankton. As with other barnacles, sexual reproduction involves the passing of sperm along a long slender tube into the mantle cavity of a neighbouring barnacle. Fertilisation is internal and the larvae are planktonic. After passing through several stages over the course of about three weeks, they settle and undergo metamorphosis.
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Live barnacles on a shell with the small hermit crab (Diogenes pugilator) Amphibalanus improvisus is a filter feeder. It extends its six pairs of modified legs called cirri to catch plankton and other organic material floating past. It is a hermaphrodite and sperm is passed into the cavity of a neighbouring barnacle through a long penis. The eggs are fertilised and brooded in the cavity and hatch into nauplius larvae which drift with the currents.
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The slender, high-climbing trunks are naturally clustering and can reach up to 45 m in length. The pinnate leaves range from 30 cm to 2.5 m on short, armed petioles; the rachis, leaf margins and cirri are also armed with spines. They are hermaphroditic, with both male and female reproductive organs present in each flower. The pale blooms are fragrant and produce a red to brown, scaly fruit, each containing one to three seeds.
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The mouth is on the underside of the body and is surrounded by a tuft of 20 or 30 cirri or slender sensory appendages. The gut runs just below the notochord from the mouth to the anus, in front of the tail. There is a flap-like, vertical fin surrounding the pointed tail. Gas exchange takes place as water passes through gill slits in the mid region, and segmented gonads lie just behind these.
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The peristomium (area surrounding the mouth) has a pair of short tentacles. Below this, the segmented body is divided into three regions which differ in the arrangement of the parapodia (lateral lobes). On the first segment of the anterior region of the body is a pair of tentacular cirri and a pair of palps. The middle region consists of four to twelve segments and the posterior region consists of many short segments.
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The body of this segmented worm is long, slender and tapering, with a smooth cuticle. The prostomium bears a pair of antennae, a pair of palps and two pairs of eyes. The first body segment is twice as long as the rest and bears the pharynx and four pairs of tentacular cirri. Segments two and three have uniramous parapodia (unbranched lateral lobes bearing bristles) while the remaining segments bear biramous (two-lobed) parapodia.
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The prostomium is part of the head and holds at least part of the brain and often bears sensory structures such as the eyes, antennae and palps. It may function like a kind of overlip when the animal is feeding. The prostomium bears many important taxonomic characters and its shape and composition are important for annelid systematics. In addition to the eyes, antennae and palps, the prostomium can possess appendages such as tentacles or cirri.
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Adult S. balanoides grow up to in diameter, and are sessile, living attached to rocks and other solid substrates. They have six greyish wall plates surrounding a diamond-shaped operculum. The base of the shell is membranous in Semibalanus, unlike other barnacles which have calcified bases. When the tide rises to cover the barnacles, the operculum opens, and feathery cirri (modified thoracic appendages) are extended into the water to filter food from the seawater.
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Two species are known to be commensal with other polychaetes. Pilargis berkeleyae will live in the tubes of Chaetopteridae, and Ancistrosyllis commensalis will live in Capitellidae burrows. Pilargid worms are almost all exclusively predators, classified as carnivore omnivores. They are similar in appearance to Hesionidae, with a peristomium often with two pairs of tentacular cirri (with 1 pair or 0 in some species), reduced or absent notopodia, and a lack of pharyngeal jaws.
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Ciliate Uroleptus piscis categorized in Stichotrichia by Small and LynnIn more recent classifications, members of Stichotrichia, as defined by Small and Lynn., are placed in the subclass Hypotrichia, and euplotid ciliates are placed in the subclass Euplotia. Like the euplotids, stichotrichs (or hypotrichs, in the sense of Gao et al., 2016) have body cilia fused into cirri, but these are mostly arranged into rows, running along the ventral surface or edges of the cell.
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Typical acorn barnacles develop six hard calcareous plates to surround and protect their bodies. For the rest of their lives, they are cemented to the substrate, using their feathery legs (cirri) to capture plankton. Once metamorphosis is over and they have reached their adult form, barnacles continue to grow by adding new material to their heavily calcified plates. These plates are not moulted; however, like all ecdysozoans, the barnacle itself will still moult its cuticle.
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Its ventral cirri are conical and half as long as its parapodial lobe. Its anterior parapodia possess 4 to 5 (in rare cases 6) falcigers per fascicle; its blades are thin and unidentate, with their lengths showing dorso-ventral gradation, dorsal ones measuring a maximum of 14 µm, while ventral ones 10 µm. Posterior dorsal blades have a similar length 13 µm. S. levantina's ventral simple chaeta on the posterior chaetigers are sigmoid and smooth.
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Velvet belly lanternshark with Anelasma This barnacle reaches a length of approximately 25 mm. Unlike most barnacles, it has no shell; the outermost integument is its tough, purplish- black mantle, without any calcareous plates. The body protrudes from the skin of its host and is usually encountered in pairs. The cirri, normally used by barnacles for filtering food items out of the water, are vestigial, being small and unbranched, and have lost their feeding function.
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The stem did not possess any cirri, and may have been held in place by roots of some sort. The breakage of the stem during the animal's life was a common occurrence, and it often survived long enough to form a new end on its shortened stem. Being from the Middle Triassic, Encrinus is the last known from its group of crinoids, as most others died out during the Permian–Triassic extinction event.
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This worm inhabits the interior of a sponge and except for the tips of its branches, is not visible to the naked eye. It is cylindrical, about 1mm in diameter and up to in length. The head is buried deep in the sponge and is difficult to locate during a dissection of the sponge. It has three antennae, two pairs of eyes, a pair of palps and two pairs of tentacular cirri.
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Like other lancelets in the genus Branchiostoma, B. bennetti occurs in inshore waters where it burrows into sand or muddy sand at depths down to about . The body is laterally flattened and pointed at both ends. It has a long dorsal fin and another fin on its ventral surface, and a caudal fin at the rear end. B. bennetti differs from other western Atlantic lancelets for having the longest buccal cirri among them.
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Labrisomids are small blennioids (blennies), percomorph marine fish belonging to the family Labrisomidae. Found mostly in the tropical Atlantic and Pacific Ocean, the family contains about 110 species in 15 genera. Stockier than the average blenny, labrisomids are elongated nonetheless; their dorsal fin spines outnumber soft rays (which may be absent altogether), and their pelvic fins are long and slender. Like many other blennies, labrisomids have whisker-like structures called cirri on their heads and napes.
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Dorsal spines outnumber soft rays; two spines are in the anal fin. Like many other blennies, clinids possess whisker-like structures on their heads called cirri. The majority of species possesses rich, highly variable colouration in shades of reddish-brown to olive, often with cryptic patterns; this suits the lifestyle of clinid blennies, which frequent areas of dense weed or kelp. Generally staying within intertidal zones to depths around 40 m, some species are also found in tide pools.
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Like other sea lilies, Cenocrinus asterius has a crown consisting of a calyx surrounded by feathery arms splayed out to create a filtration fan. The crown is supported by a long slender stem which is attached to the substrate at its base. The stem is semi-rigid but flexible and is made up of disc-shaped ossicles known as columnals, joined together by ligaments. At each node between the columnals there is a whorl of five cirri.
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Stauroteuthis is one of only two genera of octopuses to exhibit bioluminescence. S. syrtensis emits a blue-green light from about 40 modified suckers known as photophores situated in a single row between the pairs of cirri on the underside of each arm. The distance between these decreases towards the ends of the arms with the light becoming fainter. The animal does not emit light continuously, but can do so for a period of five minutes after suitable stimulation.
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Cestodes are exclusively hermaphrodites, with both male and female reproductive systems in each body. The reproductive system includes one or more testes, cirri, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles as male organs, and a single lobed or unlobed ovary with the connecting oviduct and uterus as female organs. The common external opening for both male and female reproductive systems is known as the genital pore, which is situated at the surface opening of the cup-shaped atrium.Cheng, T.C. (1986).
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Hesiocaeca methanicola Hesionidae are a family of phyllodocid "bristle worms" (class Polychaeta). They are (like almost all polychaetes) marine organisms. Most are found on the continental shelf; Hesiocaeca methanicola is found on methane ice, where it feeds on bacterial biofilms. A characteristic apomorphy of the Hesionidae are the cirrophores of the anterior segments, which are well-developed cup-like sheaths; the cirri of the subsequent segments insert into the parapodia directly, or with just a vestigial cirrophore.
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Lepas anatifera in Thailand Gooseneck barnacles reaching down from the top of a tidal cave in Oregon Some species of goose barnacles such as Lepas anatifera are pelagic and are most frequently found on tidewrack on oceanic coasts. Unlike most other types of barnacles, intertidal goose barnacles (e.g. Pollicipes pollicipes and Pollicipes polymerus) depend on water motion rather than the movement of their cirri for feeding, and are therefore found only on exposed or moderately exposed coasts.
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Halteria cells can reproduce sexually through a process that has been studied specifically in H. grandinella. During sexual reproduction, the ventral sides of two Halteria cells fuse. Various changes in morphology then occur through maturation divisions including a decrease in the number of cirri in both cells and the loss of buccal membranelles in one of the pair and the entire oral apparatus disappears in the other. The remaining membranelles are shared between the cells at the anterior end.
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There is a muscular proboscis with one or more pairs of jaws. The next few segments tend to differ from those further back in having enlarged dorsal and ventral cirri (fine appendages) and reduced parapodial lobes and chaetae (bristles). Some species have appendages with specialised functions but most have many segments that are similar to each other but which vary in size and shape along the length of the body without abrupt changes in the chaetae and parapodia from one to the next.
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Luigi Boccherini playing the cello. Pompeo Batoni (c. 1764–1767) Much of Boccherini's chamber music follows models established by Joseph Haydn; however, Boccherini is often credited with improving Haydn's model of the string quartet by bringing the cello to prominence, whereas Haydn had frequently relegated it to an accompaniment role. Some sources for Boccherini's style are in the works of a famous Italian cellist, Giovanni Battista Cirri, who was born before Boccherini and before Haydn, and in Spanish popular music.
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The pinnules are jointed, have about 35 segments and bear unequal sized tube feet in groups of three. The arm colour is variable, ranging from yellow or pink to deep purple, sometimes spotted or blotched, and the pinnules are usually paler or white. There are about twenty short cirri, banded and arranged in transverse rows on a central raised ossicle. These curl under and grasp the surface enabling the animal to crawl around which it can do with great rapidity.
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A. petasus is a suspension feeder, catching detritus and plankton with the tube feet on its pinnules. Both male and female A. petasus liberate gametes into the water column from their genital organs situated at the base of certain specialised arms. The eggs develop into free- swimming larvae which later settle onto a solid surface where they attach themselves by a short stalk and are known as pentacrinoid larvae. Eventually they develop clawed cirri and detach themselves from their stalks.
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Maximum length is . The head is broad and flattened, the eyes are large and widely separated, and the mouth is curved with fleshy lips. There is no spine in front of the operculum (the bony flap that covers the gills), the branchiostegal membranes are fused to the isthmus (the fleshy projection separating the gill openings), and there are many small cirri (fleshy threads) scattered over the head and body. The operculum is poorly ossified and is covered by a gelatinous layer.
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Each pinnule has rows of tube feet on either side of a central ambulacral groove lined with cilia. This groove is continuous with the central groove on the arm which leads to the mouth at the centre of the calyx. The aboral (lower) surface of the crinoid has a number of hooked appendages called cirri which grip onto the substrate, which may be a rock, a sponge, a coral or sea fan. The colour of this crinoid is usually some shade of red.
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M. leonina have been observed displaying feeding behavior even in the complete absence of food. Adults and juveniles display different feeding behaviors, however, they both feed by first attaching their foot firmly to its substratum. Adults feed by pulling back their oral hood until it is almost perpendicular to the body, and then thrust it forward until contact is made with a prey organism. Once prey has been contacted, the hood closes and the rows of cirri interlock to prevent escape.
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The affiliation of Beorn leggi to the tardigrades may be considered assured; Moreover, the species can even be assigned to one of the three modern classes - the absence of head structures such as Cirri and Clavae and back armorings suggests a division into the Eutardigrada. Within this class, Beorn leggi is placed in a separate family Beornidae, which however has to be regarded as a pure form taxon. However, other studies have subsequently interpreted it as having affinities with Hypsibiidae.
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This worm is yellowish with white scales and about long with 41 segments and 16 pairs of elytra. The prostomium bears 3 antennae, with a pair of lateral antennae inserted ventrally (beneath prostomium and the median antenna). The anterior margin of the prostomium has a pair of an acute anterior projections, a pair of palps and two pairs of eyes. The first segment bears one or two chaetae and a pair of tentacular cirri on both the dorsal and ventral surfaces.
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Cephalochordate oral hood--100X Cephalochordates employ a filter feeding system to consume microorganisms. The oral hood serves as the entrance for food particles, and possesses buccal cirri, which assist in sifting out larger food particles before they enter the buccal cavity. Epithelial cilia lining the mouth and pharynx form a specialized "wheel organ" situated at the dorsal and posterior end of the cavity. The motion of the cilia resembles the motion of a turning wheel, hence the organ's name, and transports the captured food particles.
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Stauroteuthis gilchristi is found in deep waters in the southern Atlantic Ocean. The type specimen was taken from near South Africa and is the only specimen recovered from that locality. A small number of individuals have since been recovered from near South Georgia. There is a certain difference between these and the holotype in that the cirri start further up the arm in the South Georgia specimens, and it is possible that there are in fact two different species, one on each side of the Atlantic.
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Antedon mediterranea has a vestigial stalk, the base of which bears up to forty grasping cirri, articulated prehensile structures with which it can cling to a hard surface. Above this is the calyx, a small, cup-shaped structure, which is surrounded by five pairs of arms which bear feathery pinnules. The arms can be rolled up if danger threatens, but when they are extended to feed, they are about long. They are fragile but if one gets broken off, the animal can regenerate it.
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Springer and Spreitzer originally considered the blenny a member of the genus Antennablennius, due to suspicion that Alloblennius was a junior synonym of the genus. The species epithet, treated as an appositional noun, combines the Greek prefix "a" ("without") and the Latin noun "nucha" ("nape") to produce the definition "without nape", referring to the lack of cirri on the nape of the blenny. The authors acknowledged that this was an unusual trait for a member of Antennablennius.Springer, V.G., and A.E. Spreitzer, 1978 (11 Apr.) [ref.
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Its ventral cirri are short and digitiform. Its parapodia end in 3 distinct rounded papillae. It shows smooth shafts and bidentate blades within compound chaetae, both teeth acute, its subdistal tooth shorter than its distal one, whose long spines are directed upwards; on the bases of the longer blades, the distal half of their margins are either smooth or provided with small spines. Its anterior parapodia count with about 6 compound chaetae, exhibiting dorsoventral gradation in length, being 24µm above and 8 µm below; longer blades count with a double curvature.
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Incirrata (or Incirrina) is a suborder of the order Octopoda. The suborder contains the classic "benthic octopuses," as well as many pelagic octopus families, including the paper nautiluses. The incirrate octopuses are distinguished from the cirrate octopuses by the absence in the former of the "cirri" filaments (found with the suckers) for which the cirrates are named, as well as by the lack of paired swimming fins on the head, and lack of a small internal shell (the "shell" of Argonauta species is not a true shell, but a thin calcite egg case).
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The peristomium is the first true body segment in an annelid worm's body in the anterior end. It is directly behind the prostomium and contains the mouth, tentacular cirri, and sometimes feeding palps, which may instead occur on the prostomium. If an eversible pharynx is present, it is contained in this segment as well, and can fill up to 20 segments when inverted, depending on the species. The prostomium and peristomium can be variously fused, either completely distinct, or comprising a joint structure of a peristomial ring and a tentacular crown.
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The proximal part of the proboscis bears about 25 longitudinal rows of tiny papillae, and the distal part bears 6 longitudinal rows of larger, knob-like protuberances, and a ring of papillae at the tip. The body is elongated and of even width, apart from a tapering tip. Long tentacle-like cirri are borne on the first 7 body segments, and fleshy paddle-like parapodia are borne on the remainder. The eyes are red and there is some dark pigmentation in front of them and along the sides of the body.
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The stichotrichs were a proposed group of ciliates, in the class Spirotrichea. In a classification system proposed by Eugene Small and Denis Lynn in 1985, Stichotrichia formed a subclass containing four orders: Stichotrichida, Urostylida, Sporadotrichida and Plagiotomida. Although the group was made up of species traditionally classified among the "hypotrichs"--ciliates possessing compound ciliary organelles called cirri--it excluded euplotid ciliates such as Euplotes and Diophrys, which were placed in the subclass Hypotrichia. In later classifications proposed by Denis Lynn, Stichotrichia omits the order Plagiotomida (species in that group were relocated to the order Stichotrichida).
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The trunks are small, very spiny, and high climbing, becoming bare with age. All species form dense clusters with undivided or bifid juvenile leaves which become pinnate in maturity, with leaf sheath spines, leaflet cirri, and spiny petioles, all adapted for climbing. The leaflets are few to many, with one, two, or more folds, entire, acute, linear or sigmoid, and regularly arranged along the rachis. As hapaxanths, the inflorescence emerges at the top of the stem, amongst reduced leaves, with male and female flowers, on a once-branched spike.
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All of these species differ from Sphaerosyllis levantina by lacking a subdistal spine on the falcigers' blades. Three species of Sphaerosyllis are known to possess this spine: S. hystrix, Sphaerosyllis parabulbosa and S. boeroi. S. parabulbosa differs from S. levantina by carrying minuscule dorsal cirri and antennae, by the exhibiting a subdistal spine only the posterior falcigers' blades and by the smooth blades of its posterior falcigers. S. boeroi, in turn, differs from S. levantina in having significantly longer falciger blades, which simultaneously show more pronounced dorso-ventral gradation.
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Whale barnacles are species of acorn barnacle that belong to the subfamily Coronulinae, family Coronulidae. They typically attach to baleen whales, though they may settle on toothed whales and, rarely, turtles, which have their own species of barnacle, which split from whale barnacles in the Late Pliocene around 3.5 to 3 million years ago (mya). Whale barnacles passively filter food, using tentacle-like cirri, as the host swims through the water. The arrangement is generally considered commensal as it is done at no cost or benefit to the host.
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Pollicipes pollicipes grows in groups on rocks, as well as on the hulls of shipwrecks and on driftwood. It is a filter feeder, living on particles that it can glean from the water passing over its extended cirri; these possess a complex assortment of setae, enabling P. pollicipes to have a varied diet, including diatoms, detritus, large crustaceans, copepods, shrimp and molluscs. The larvae pass through seven free-swimming stages (six nauplii and one cypris) over the course of at least a month. After this time, they settle into the adult, sessile form.
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CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA Members of the genus Halteria are heterotrophic and serve as important bacterivores in the habitats they occupy as well as being preyed upon primarily by metazoans. The cells of Halteria are roughly dome shaped and in addition to the equatorial cirri, they possess a collar of cilia around the buccal opening used for feeding and locomotion. The important ecological role played by Halteria as well as its unique locomotion strategy, makes Halteria a genus of interest in different areas of protistology research.
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Along the ocean floor, E. parrae is often preyed upon by pencil urchins such as Calocidaris micans. The stomachs of C. mican collected around E. parrae contained large amounts of crinoid stems and soft tissue. In response to this, Endoxocrinus parrae have been observed detaching itself and using its cirri to move across the bottom of the ocean away from the predator. In addition, it is believed that the crinoids offer part of their stem up to the pencil urchin, allowing it time to flee while the urchin feeds.
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Top-down view, showing width of head The tidepool sculpin grows to a length of about and has a large head, tapering body, and spiny fins. It has a single pre-opercular spine and tufts of cirri on the top of the head but not on the body below the dorsal fin as the fluffy sculpin (Oligocottus snyderi) does. It varies considerably in colour, is often marbled in grey, brown and white, but may be reddish or greenish and can change colour rapidly so as to camouflage itself.
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Like other acorn barnacles, S. cariosus is a filter feeder; when it is under water, the moveable terga at the apex part, and the cirri are extended to feed. When above water, the terga shut tightly for protection and to prevent desiccation. Small barnacles are sometimes "bulldozed" off the rock by the limpet Lottia digitalis while it is grazing. Predatory gastropod mollusks, such as the channeled dog winkle (Nucella canaliculata), drill into the barnacle shell and then inject a toxin which causes the muscles to relax, enabling the winkle to consume the soft parts.
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These crinoids inhabit either rocky areas or soft sediments and can move about using their cirri to grip the substrate, or swim by flapping their arms. They are suspension feeders, choosing locations with strong currents and extending their arms, catching plankton and suspended particles floating past with the tube feet on the pinnules. The tube feet are covered with sticky mucus that traps the food particles, which are then rolled into balls and moved along the ambulacral groove in the arms by cilia which propel them to the mouth.
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The arms are flexible, being formed from many jointed calcareous small plates known as ossicles, and can be coiled up. On either side of each arm are short side branches known as pinnules. On the underside of the body are about twenty clawlike appendages known as cirri which are used to cling on to the underlying surface, but they are lost in older specimens, which attach directly using the underarms. The colour is very variable, some specimens being plain golden yellow, pale brown or black and others being multicoloured, often green with bands of orange, white and black on the arms and pinnules.
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Cryptoteuthis brevibracchiata is a bell-shaped octopus with a semi-gelatinous, semi-transparent body, except for the dark tips of the oral web and the tipes of the fins. The fins are small and round, and their length is equal to half the width of the head. It has short arms, each with a single row of small, broad suckers and with a double row of cirri which are of moderate length, with each cirrus just longer than the diameter of the suckers. The longest arm has 48 suckers and the web is around half the length of the arms.
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The hypotrichs are a group of ciliated protozoa, common in fresh water, salt water, soil and moss. Hypotrichs possess compound ciliary organelles called "cirri," which are made up of thick tufts of cilia, sparsely distributed on the ventral surface of the cell. The multiple fused cilia which form a cirrus function together as a unit, enabling the organism to crawl along solid substrates such as submerged debris or sediments. Hypotrichs typically possess a large oral aperture, bordered on one side by a wreath or collar of membranelles (small membranous structures made up of fused cilia), forming an "adoral zone of membranelles," or AZM.
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C. bella on a gorgonian coral These featherstars are mostly sessile, anchoring themselves to hard substrate surfaces or the sea floor using their cirri ‘legs’. However, they are also free-moving creatures capable of travelling short distances to escape their predators or other threats. As nocturnal critters, they partially hide, sessile, within rocks and corals during the day with their mouths oriented upwards. Though their centrodorsal plate remains sheltered during the day as they wait till night to come out and feed, their free-arms can remain fully exposed in a circular fan-like arrangement outside of their habitat, throughout the day.
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The region around the cell mouth (cytostome) is partially encircled by a series of compound cilia which make up the "adoral zone of membranelles", or AZM. This structure, which resembles the collar and lapel of a jacket, is used mainly to circulate water and brush particles of food into the organism's cell mouth. On the right side of the oral area are two "undulating membranes", delicate scarf-like structures made up of fused cilia. At the posterior of the cell are three long, stiff "caudal cirri", attached to the body at the lower margin of its dorsal surface.
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He died in Bologna. Among Martini's pupils: the Belgian André Ernest Modeste Grétry, the Bohemian Josef Mysliveček, the Ukrainian Maksym Berezovsky, his fellow Conventual Franciscan friar, Stanislao Mattei, who succeeded him as conductor of the girls choir, as well as the young Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Johann Christian Bach and the famous Italian cellist Giovanni Battista Cirri. Lettera famigliare intorno l'inondazione di Verona (1757) The greater number of Martini's mostly sacred compositions remain unprinted. The Liceo of Bologna possesses the manuscripts of two oratorios as well as three intermezzos, including L'impresario delle Isole Canarie;Manuscript published by Arnoldo Forni, L'impresario delle Canarie (rist. anast.
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Influenced by Domenico Scarlatti's harpsichord school and Haydn's classical school and by the stile Galante of Johann Christian Bach and Ignazio Cirri, Clementi developed a fluent and technical legato style, which he passed on to a generation of pianists, including John Field, Johann Baptist Cramer, Ignaz Moscheles, Giacomo Meyerbeer, Friedrich Kalkbrenner, Johann Nepomuk Hummel and Carl Czerny. He was a notable influence on Ludwig van Beethoven and Frédéric Chopin. Clementi also produced and promoted his own brand of pianos and was a notable music publisher. Because of this activity, many compositions by Clementi's contemporaries and earlier artists have stayed in the repertoire.
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Given their low metabolic rate and the low density of prey at such depths, vampire squids must use innovative predator avoidance tactics to conserve energy. Their aforementioned bioluminescent "fireworks" are combined with the writhing of glowing arms, erratic movements, and escape trajectories, making it difficult for a predator to identify multiple targets. In a threat response called the "pumpkin" or "pineapple" posture, the vampire squid inverts its caped arms back over the body, presenting an ostensibly larger form covered in fearsome-looking though harmless spines (called cirri). The underside of the cape is heavily pigmented, masking most of the body's photophores.
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As Halteria cells transition from the trophic to the encysted stage, initially their globular bodies elongate, primarily at the anterior end, until the length of the cell has nearly doubled. Owing to the uneven elongation, the buccal cavity is flattened, the membranelles of the oral apparatus move closer to the centre of the cell and the rows of cirri move closer to the posterior end of the cell. While the cell stretches, the cytoplasm develops 5 µm long conical structures. After this stage of elongation, the cells become more rounded, and a mucous envelope is extruded.
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The peristomium (first segment) bears the mouth and four simple eyes, and it and the next five segments are large, with parapodia (branched outgrowths) and smooth chaetae (bristles) projecting forward, and cirri (thread-like structures) projecting backwards. The next seven segments have spiny chaetae, and the remainder of the segments from segment 17 onwards bear chaetae that are large, feather-like bristles. The first 15 segments of this worm are translucent but appear bright red or purplish-red, depending on the degree of oxygenation of the blood; the remaining segments appear dark green or black, because of pigments in the gut cells.
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Poecilochaetus serpens forms a U–shaped burrow in sand, the tube being lined by particles of clay or mud cemented with mucus; digging is performed by the head using the parapodial cirri attached to the first segment and associated long bristles. A water current is drawn through the tube by undulations of the body and fan- like movements of the parapodia and bristles. The worm can turn around in its tube, and then the current direction is reversed. The worm probably feeds on plankton and organic particles removed from the water current, and diatoms have been found in its gut.
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These crinoids can live on either rocks or soft sediment, and can move around using their cirri as feet, or can swim by beating their arms; they are suspension feeders, choosing locations with strong currents and extending their arms to catch plankton floating past. Although the arms of F. serratissima have special joints known as syzygies where they are designed to part when stressed, researchers grasping this crinoid found the arms invariably broke off at the base. If it loses an arm, by autotomy or predation, the arm can be regenerated, the speed of regeneration being independent of whether the regrowth is happening from a long or a short stump.
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Lancelets are inactive filter feeders, spending most of the time half-buried in sand with only their frontal part protruding. They eat a wide variety of small planktonic organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, diatoms, dinoflagellates and zooplankton, and they will also take detritus. Little is known about the diet of the lancelet larvae in the wild, but captive larvae of several species can be maintained on a diet of phytoplankton, although this apparently is not optimal for Asymmetron lucayanum. Lancelets have oral cirri, thin tentacle-like strands that hang in front of the mouth and act as sensory devices and as a filter for the water passing into the body.
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Through years of evolution, flora of the lowland rainforest, typical from Sarapiquí and Tortuguero, had an altitudinal migration to 500–600 m high, and flora of the highlands did not descent to less than 300 m. At Místico Arenal Hanging Bridges Park, the junction between the two types of ecosystems forming a transitional vegetation strip with high biodiversity occurred. In this park, it is possible to observe highland bird species, such as bellbirds, and species of trees such as yema huevo, cirri and pilón. Lowland species (such as toucans and crested guans) and trees such as caobilla, fruta dorada and maquenque are also observable.
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In 13th-century England the word "barnacle" was used for a species of waterfowl, the barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis). This bird breeds in the Arctic but winters in the British Isles so its nests and eggs were never seen by the British. It was thought at the time that the gooseneck barnacles that wash up occasionally on the shore had spontaneously generated from the rotting wood to which they were attached, and that the geese might be generated similarly. Credence to the idea was provided by the tuft of brown cirri that protruded from the capitulum of the crustaceans which resembled the down of an unhatched gosling.
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Diagram of the oxytrichid hypotrich Stylonychia mytilus In older systems of classification, the term hypotrich comprised all ciliates possessing a relatively flattened body shape, strong cirri restricted to the ventral surface, and a large oral region (peristome) partially surrounded by an "adoral zone of membranelles". From a phylogenetic point of view, this historic grouping--which included both euplotid ciliates (such as Euplotes and Aspidisca), and stichotrichian ciliates (such as Oxytricha and Urostyla)--is paraphyletic. Any natural group, or clade, that contains both Euplotes and Oxytricha would also have to include many morphologically dissimilar spirotrich ciliates, such as the tintinnids and the oligotrichs. Oxytricha sp.
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Xenobalanus has a star-shaped shell deeply embedded into the skin, and develops a long stalk, much like goose barnacles, which hangs off the host; Xenobalanus may be around in size. Shed barnacle scars on a humpback whale The fleshy appendage exiting the hole—the "apertural shroud"—is more prominently displayed than in other barnacles. The cirri, feeding tentacles which extend out of the aperture, are short and thick, probably enabling them to remain more stable while riding a fast-moving host. Whale barnacles have reduced opercular plates which only partially close the hole at the top, probably because these barnacles lack predators and thus any need to defend themselves.
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This species can crawl around using its cirri and can also use them to climb to an elevated position in which to feed. Like all crinoids, it is a filter feeder, spreading its arms and pinnules widely to catch plankton and small particles of detritus from the water flowing past. The sexes are separate, and females brood their young in their brood pouches; the larvae may reach in length before being expelled from the pouch and falling to the sea bed, to which they will anchor themselves. In early deep sea research, organisms were dredged up from the sea bed but during the trawl, any link between one species and another was often lost.
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Antedon mediterranea Antedon mediterranea feeds by filtering out plankton and other small particles from the passing sea water. The food is then wrapped in mucus and passed by the tube feet down the ambulacral grooves on the arms to the central mouth which is on the upper side of the calyx. Antedon mediterranea can move around to a limited extent by creeping on its cirri, by "swimming", alternately raising and lowering its ten arms five at a time, or by "walking" along the seabed by propping itself up on its arm tips and heaving itself along. The sexes are separate in Antedon mediterranea and the gonads are located in the pinnules of the lower part of the arms.
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The range of the chambered nautilus encompasses much of the south Pacific; It has been found near reefs and on the seafloor off of the coasts of Australia, Japan, and Micronesia. The eyes of the chambered nautilus, like those of all Nautilus species, are more primitive than those of most other cephalopods; the eye has no lens and thus is comparable to a pinhole camera. The species has about 90 cirri (referred to as "tentacles", see ) that do not have suckers, differing significantly from the limbs of coleoids. Chambered nautiluses, again like all members of the genus, have a pair of rhinophores located near each eye which detect chemicals, and use olfaction and chemotaxis to find their food.
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Proboscis worms in general are predatory, snaring or spearing their prey. At first, zoologists were unclear precisely how this species fed; the branched proboscis resembles the feeding tentacles of sea cucumbers in the family Synaptidae, which feed by sifting through sediment, and might have the same function; alternatively, the proboscis might function like the cirri in the oral hood of the lion nudibranch (Melibe leonina) which feeds by filtering zooplankton out of the water. It is now accepted that the branched proboscis is shot out like a sticky harpoon and snares animals such as molluscs and other worms. It is then reeled in, dragging the prey back to the mouth, where it is swallowed whole.
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Artist's impression of several crinoids from the Permian of Western Australia Sea lilies are crinoids with a calyx and five pairs of feather-like arms standing on a long stalk which is retained throughout the animal's life. This stalk is attached to the substrate by means of an enlarged, terminal disc or alternatively by means of several branching, irregular radicular cirri arising from the lowest part of the stem. Although these crinoids are usually sessile, they have been seen to drag themselves across the seabed with the help of their arms.Sea Lily Neocrinus decorus The sea lilies are nearly all found at depths greater than although Metacrinus rotundus (a member of a different order) is found off the coast of Japan at a depth of only .
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Observations of a number of these barnacles growing on the black coral Antipathes atlantica and all orienting themselves in one direction against the water current, with their cirri forming a cup-like shape, indicate that the barnacles were actively engaged in intercepting and feeding on plankton. The living tissue of black corals such as Plumapathes pennacea may grow over the surface of this barnacle. Black corals are mostly deep water animals; specimens (including fan-shaped and bottlebrush-shaped species) from the Gulf of Mexico, collected and recorded with remotely operated vehicles at depths ranging from , revealed O. gracilis growing on six different species. Other animals sharing the black coral habitat included squat lobsters (Uroptychus sp.), shrimps, and the winged oyster Pteria colymbus.
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Species of Sphaerosyllis, however, always exhibit papillae on the pharyngeal opening, their pharyngeal tooth is conical and is always located on or very near to the anterior margin of the pharynx. They usually count with a short proventricle, itself provided with large muscle cell rows, large posterior acicula (which is distally bent at 90°), blades of compound chaetae which are short and unidentate, and offspring developing ventrally, females without capillary notochaetae, only present on males. Sphaerosyllis horrockensis, Sphaerosyllis belizensis, and Sphaerosyllis centroamericana were transferred to Erinaceusyllis under these distinguishing characteristics. At the same time, Prosphaerosyllis is close to Erinaceusyllis, but its species' pharyngeal teeth are rhomboidal to oval and located near the middle of their pharynges; also their antennae are short, tentacular and their dorsal cirri have a bulbous cirrophore and retractile cirrostyle.
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The New York Times claims that in order to keep the development of the Network confidential, they internally named the project "Rock Band: Nickelback", believing that the "quintessentially generic modern rock group" name would deflect any attention to it. However, Harmonix senior producer Matthew Nordhaus denied this claim. In anticipation of the announcement of Rock Band Network, Harmonix contacted the ScoreHero and CustomHero communities, groups that have been hacking and modifying songs from Rock Band to put in their own custom songs, in order to engage them in helping use their knowledge of song creation. As a result, a company called Rhythm Authors was created by Joseph Cirri, the founder of ScoreHero; for a portion of the song's sale, they will assist bands by creating the appropriate note tracking for their songs, peer review them, and help to train others to do the tasks.
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In 1749 the Benedict XIV decreed that the Accademia could award the title of Maestro di cappella. Among the early members of the academy were Giovanni Paolo Colonna (one of the founders of 1666), Arcangelo Corelli (1670), Giacomo Antonio Perti (1688), Giuseppe Maria Jacchini (1688), Giuseppe Maria Orlandini, Antonio Maria Bernacchi (1722), Giovanni Carestini (1726) and the celebrated castrato singer Carlo Farinelli (1730). The composer and teacher Giovanni Battista Martini taught at the Accademia from 1758; his pupils included André Ernest Modeste Grétry, Josef Mysliveček, Maksym Berezovsky, Stanislao Mattei (who succeeded Martini as teacher of composition), Johann Christian Bach, the noted cellist Giovanni Battista Cirri and, in 1770, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. In the 19th and 20th centuries the institution was interlaced with such names as Gioacchino Rossini, Giuseppe Verdi, Arrigo Boito, Richard Wagner, Jules Massenet, Camille Saint-Saëns, Giacomo Puccini, and also with John Field, Franz Liszt, Johannes Brahms, Anton Rubinstein, Ferruccio Busoni and Ottorino Respighi.
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Members of this family are characterized by possession of one or paired blade-like or knob-like projections on a few to many of the outer segments of the oral pinnules (the side branches closest to the base of the arms) that together form structures called combs. In adults of most species, the mouth is offset from the center of the oral surface, often near the margin, and the anus lies centrally. In some, mouth and anus are both offset, while in a few, the mouth lies centrally and the anus is displaced, the arrangement in other crinoids. Comasterids are also unique among feather stars in other respects: some species in several genera have the centrodorsal, the aboral skeletal plate, reduced and bearing few or no anchoring hook-like cirri; whereas all other feather stars have symmetrical rays, many reef- dwelling species that live semi-cryptically exhibit a secondary bilateral symmetry in addition to the displaced mouth; arms that arise on one or more rays on the side closest to the mouth are longer than those on the other side.
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