"The key point about cease-fires is that they aren't all black and white – imperfect or partial cease-fires, or even cease-fires observed partly in the breach, can be useful," he said.
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Cease-fires can fail for many reasons and unilateral cease-fires tend to be more fleeting than negotiated ones.
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Nearly two years of peace negotiations in Ethiopia's capital, Addis Ababa, yielded several cease-fires, and recommitments to cease-fires, that were broken almost immediately.
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The Taliban and government declared cease-fires independent of the other.
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The cease-fires were widely respected by both sides and received enthusiastically.
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Existing cease-fires in Southern Shan and Karen states are under strain.
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But details are not known, and previous cease-fires have not held.
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There was plenty of vitriol then, and no agreement on local cease-fires.
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Sometimes cease-fires can create a vicious cycle instead of a virtuous one.
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Cease-fires have been declared, and regime forces have violated them with impunity.
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Cease-fires in 1994 and 1997 ensued, and talks led to the peace accords.
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"We don't see a lot of hope in these cease-fires," he said by telephone.
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The United Nations has backed calls for cease-fires in the air raids on Aleppo.
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In others, where it has negotiated cease-fires, it has struck deals with local groups.
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But there are many factors that could undermine the deal, as with previous cease-fires.
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He casually violates cease-fires while feigning participation in peace negotiations with the United Nations.
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Over the past five years, countless attempts at cease-fires have been attempted and failed.
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The parties committed flagrant violations of the cease-fires to which they were ostensibly bound.
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The operation was halted during cease-fires to allow Syrian Kurdish forces to exit the area.
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That mediator can impose stopgaps, such as temporary cease-fires, that open up space for negotiation.
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Cease-fires can create something like a virtuous cycle, studies have found, making future pauses more likely.
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Take, for example, Yugoslavia, where there were 19783 mediated truces or cease-fires from 1989 to 2000.
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Other tribes joined in, setting off a senseless war that has defied numerous agreements and cease-fires.
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The United States and Russia agreed to similar cease-fires last year, all of which quickly disintegrated.
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"We expect the same kind of campaigns to continue regardless of the public agreed cease-fires," said DeMartine.
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Certainly, the Syrian government and Russia have manipulated the cease-fires, using them as cover for continuing offensives.
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Multiple cease-fires, including a "permanent" one signed by Kiir and Machar weeks ago, have been violated within hours.
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This is the latest of several attempts at peace agreements and cease-fires since war broke out in 2013.
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During the years that Mr. Akhmedov amassed his wealth, the couple regularly toggled between hostilities and opulent cease-fires.
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The tempo of cease-fires is increasing, with the terms expanding and the outside actors investing more political capital.
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But a truce has never taken hold, and indeed the cease-fires have only lasted a number of weeks.
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During the years that Mr. Akhmedov amassed his wealth, the couple regularly toggled between hostilities and opulent cease-fires.
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Previous cease-fires have largely been ignored, and fighting has cut off parts of the country from emergency aid.
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But each agreement — for cease-fires, and deadlines for a political "road map" for elections in the country — fizzled.
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"And in the ELN they believe the government won't follow through and that it's losing ground with cease-fires."
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UN envoys, world leaders and even rebel groups would call for cease-fires in their respective parts of the world.
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The setback followed several aborted cease-fires and a previous round of failed negotiations to end Yemen's 14-month conflict.
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Over the past year, piecemeal cease-fires between the government and Sudan's various rebel movements have delivered a tenuous peace.
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Turkey, which supports the Syrian opposition, has negotiated local cease-fires with Iran and Russia, which are allied with the government.
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Its strategy has been to fight ethnic rebels to a standstill, manage the conflicts through cease-fires and enrich its officers.
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The armed conflict in the eastern Donbass region has died down following numerous cease-fires that have been implemented and then collapsed.
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With cease-fires, as opposed to peace agreements, it can argue that a military presence is still justified, and maintain firm control.
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But as government forces abrogated or ignored a peace agreement and a series of cease-fires, Washington's frustration with Mr. Kiir grew.
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The Kremlin can change facts on the ground, stage quasi cease-fires and create zones of influence to exert pressure on other nations.
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Cease-fires are usually calculated at the highest levels of political and military leadership, but can be broken by the lowest ranking fighters.
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The other complication is that the Syrians and the Russians have routinely undermined previous cease-fires and other measures to spare civilian lives.
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Eventually all sides have less reason to fear they'll be betrayed, and grow more confident entering otherwise risky cease-fires or peace talks.
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And the internecine conflict and Syria's history of failed cease-fires have many civilians worried that this week's minor reprieve will not last.
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While the deal with Assad was holding, cease-fires that the Kurds had struck with rebel groups were fraying as the rebellion changed.
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There have been short cease-fires, a marked decrease in Pakistan interference, direct talks with the Taliban, preliminary agreements and a prisoner exchange.
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"I see a series of cease-fires as leaders try to de-escalate volatility in markets, but that's not going to hold," he predicted.
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The other complication is that the Syrians and Russians have routinely undermined previous commitments regarding cease-fires and other measures to spare civilian lives.
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It is a debate that is as much about the feasibility of this self-assigned mission as it is about airstrikes or cease-fires.
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"South Sudan's government usually declares cease-fires as a public relations gimmick or while under extreme external pressure to do so," Mr. Boswell said.
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Even as the Syrian government periodically issues declarations of temporary cease-fires, that policy is playing out with devastating effect on the ground in Syria.
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I liked AT THIS RATE, GAME FACE, BAD MOOD (which makes its New York Times Crossword debut today), CEASE-FIRES and the wonderful HAS DIBS.
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But after five sharp spasms of cross-border fighting and fragile cease-fires in five months, critics say Mr. Netanyahu has decided not to decide.
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But the conflict has continued at a low boil ever since, sometimes eased temporarily by peace talks or cease-fires that never seem to go anywhere.
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The start-and-stop of cease fires to provide assistance to civilians trapped in the city have actually become reloading of ammunition exercises for the Assad government.
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Two Notre Dame political scientists, Madhav Joshi and J. Michael Quinn, last year published a study examining 196 cease-fires and peace deals from 1975 to 2011.
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Fragile and temporary cease-fires were used by the Syrians and their allies to prepare fresh offensives, which, despite Russian and Syrian denials, often targeted civilian areas.
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On top of that, peace talks have stalled and cease-fires have largely been ignored, which means the fighting has cut off some areas from emergency help.
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But the negotiations and cease-fires repeatedly broke down, while the Spanish government continued to ban politicians seen as being linked to ETA from running in elections.
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Two other cease-fires brokered by the United States and Russia in 2016, one in February and one in September, fell apart in a matter of weeks.
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She said it is now time for a political solution and that the U.S. expects Russia and Iran to hold their ally accountable and to respect cease-fires.
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Political science research shows that cease-fires change more than just conditions on the ground: They alter how a war's participants weigh the benefits of fighting versus talking.
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From its opposing side in the conflict, Turkey has worked with Russia and Iran to put cease-fires in place and develop a blueprint for a political settlement.
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International efforts to end the war have made little headway, although United Nations officials have brokered local cease-fires that have brought down the violence in some areas.
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Efforts by the O.S.C.E. to negotiate cease-fires in order to repair the damage have fallen through, and residents are relying on the United Nations to distribute bread.
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That puts the United Nations in an awkward position: helping to carry out local cease-fires that may permit aid for a time but also reward commanders' siege tactics.
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They found something surprising: One of the best predictors of a peace agreement's success is simply whether the parties had prior agreements, even if those earlier cease-fires failed.
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She said in a telephone interview from Aleppo, which is divided between the government in the west and the rebels in the east, that residents found cease-fires frightening.
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Over the years, the Tatmadaw has battled dozens of rebel armies, often several at a time, across an ever-changing landscape of alliances, military-sponsored militias and cease-fires.
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Dozens of Afghan troops were being killed every day in the run-up to the cease-fires, raising doubts about whether a sudden cessation of fighting would take hold.
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But Mr. Tillerson said there were reasons to believe that this latest attempt would not only hold, but could serve as a model for cease-fires elsewhere in Syria.
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In just the past week, the Syrian Army has announced cease-fires, only to conduct a military campaign around the rebel-held section of Aleppo, leaving about 300,000 people besieged.
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Those efforts are now led by Russia, in partnership with Iran and Turkey, organizing local cease-fires and creating "de-escalation zones" that have significantly reduced the violence in the country.
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Though cease-fires are usually meant to be binding, to last a while and to hold even after a few violations, they do not themselves end a conflict, only pause it.
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It is one of at least five so-called frozen conflicts in former Soviet lands, where wars ended with cease-fires but no final settlements, the most recent in eastern Ukraine.
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But the checkered history of Syrian cease-fires — the United States agreed to one with Russia in February, only to watch it unravel weeks later — has left the president deeply leery.
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While cease-fires' overlap offered new hope for the Afghan peace process, officials and diplomats say the road ahead remains bumpy until the Taliban can be brought to the negotiating table.
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More generally, Israel has been voicing concern that arrangements for cease-fires and de-escalation zones in southern Syria will help Iran and its loyalists consolidate their presence across Israel's frontiers.
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Mr. Netanyahu overruled Mr. Liberman to pursue a policy of containment in Gaza, hastily agreeing to cease-fires with Hamas and facilitating transfers of Qatari cash to maintain the fragile calm.
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As the Afghan government and the Taliban declared cease-fires last month, the Islamic State claimed deadly attacks in Nangarhar in which members of both the government and the Taliban were killed.
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The report said that when the government and Taliban cease-fires overlapped on June 15-17, the only civilian deaths the United Nations recorded were attributed to attacks by the Islamic State.
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They were surprised by the enthusiasm that foot soldiers showed for a sense of normalcy during the Islamic festival of Eid al-Fitr, when the two cease-fires overlapped for three days.
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Some officials said that one thing being discussed is whether to start with region-specific cease-fires — rather than a nationwide truce — that would coincide with an American troop pullout in those regions.
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Then came one and another hasty peace deals that did little to solve the conflict itself but halted the worst of the violence by implementing cease-fires and the withdrawal of heavy artillery.
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Kiir and Machar, meeting face-to-face for the first time in almost two years, agreed on a "permanent" cease-fire that began June 30 and, like past cease-fires, was violated within hours.
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Fragmentation within the fighting parties leads to defections; monitoring challenges make violations difficult to prevent and de-escalate; and the fighting parties themselves sometimes use cease-fires to prepare for a return to warfare.
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But the truce does not apply to two of the most lethal extremist groups, the Islamic State and the Nusra Front, raising questions about whether it will be any more lasting than previous cease-fires.
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The cease-fire took effect on Friday, and while violations have been reported, the world has to hope this one will outlast two previous cease-fires in 2016 and prove to be a turning point.
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For two years, while bolstering Mr. Assad's brutal regime, President Vladimir Putin of Russia dabbled with the United States in efforts to arrange the earlier cease-fires and negotiate an end to the civil war.
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At times this year, the stock market has suffered bouts of extreme volatility, first in May and again last month, when previous cease-fires in the battle between the United States and China broke down.
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This committee was formed to make sure that any future cease-fires are sustainable; the government's delegates to the DCC have been ready to work since its inception, whereas the Houthis continue to evade sending theirs.
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In just the past week, the Syrian Army has repeatedly announced cease-fires only to conduct an extensive military campaign around the rebel-held section of the stricken city of Aleppo, leaving about 300,000 people there besieged.
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The deaths came on the eve of separate but overlapping cease-fires, one declared by the Afghan government and the other by the Taliban insurgency, to mark the end of Ramadan, the holy month of daytime fasting.
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Some top officials close to Mr. Kiir have been placed under sanctions by the United States, and on Monday the African Union expressed support for imposing sanctions on leaders who are violating cease-fires in South Sudan.
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Current and former administration officials say they see a parallel to Mr. Putin's strategy in Ukraine: He keeps his foreign minister, Sergey V. Lavrov, negotiating cease-fires and slow-progressing political accords, while making inroads on the battlefield.
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Madaya is controlled by Syrian insurgents, mainly affiliated with an Islamist group called Ahrar al-Sham, which has been the main interlocutor with Hezbollah and its patron, Iran, in talks to reach cease-fires to help the towns.
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As cease-fires by the government and the Taliban took hold, security forces and insurgents celebrated and took pictures together for the Muslim festival of Eid al-Fitr, marking the end of the holy fasting month of Ramadan.
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They argue that Mr. Putin has played his hand skillfully, stringing along Secretary of State John Kerry in a yearlong negotiation over cease-fires and political transitions in Syria, all the while bolstering their proxy, President Bashar al-Assad.
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The second will be even more difficult — an inclusive, intra-Afghan dialogue to achieve a comprehensive internal settlement, one that covers a range of fundamental issues including cease-fires, power sharing, constitutional arrangements, and women's and civil rights protections.
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Starting in the late 1980s, ETA announced several cease-fires and occasionally held talks with the Spanish government, first under the conservative prime minister José María Aznar, and then under the Socialist administration led by José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero.
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Despite many announced cease-fires and attempts at negotiation, little progress has been made in resolving the conflict, widely seen as a proxy struggle between Iran and regional rival Saudi Arabia, which has accused the Iranians of backing the Houthis.
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MOSCOW — Russia said Wednesday that there would be daily three-hour cease-fires in the Syrian city of Aleppo starting on Thursday to allow aid convoys to enter the city safely, a proposal that the United Nations said it would consider.
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Cairo brokered cease-fires to the last two Israel-Hamas wars, in 2012 and 2014, and as Washington steps aside as Middle East peace mediator, both Israeli and Palestinian leaders appear to prefer Cairo to would-be intermediaries like France.
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But despite pleas from Secretary of State John Kerry, who has spent an enormous amount of time and effort negotiating two separate (and short-lived) cease-fires, Russian and Syrian forces, backed by Iranian ground troops, have continued the slaughter.
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KABUL, Afghanistan — At least 30 Afghan soldiers were killed in a single Taliban attack in the northwest of the country early Wednesday, officials said, indicating an end to a brief lull in violence after both sides agreed to unilateral cease-fires.
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When he understands that nothing will come of the cease-fires, and that the city's defensive forces are ineffectual, then legends rise up about the appearance of some great foreign power that will bypass the logic of the siege and bring justice.
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On Wednesday, Russia, which has taken part in the bombing of rebel-held areas, said there would be three-hour cease-fires daily to allow aid convoys to enter Aleppo safely, though experts said that amount of time would be too short to be effective.
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The reality, analysts say, is that the Syrian government has exploited the cease-fires and so-called de-escalation zones to squeeze the rebels from one pocket at a time while the others remain quiet, breaking the agreement whenever it is ready to pick off another enclave.
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As a nascent constructor raised on a diet of crossword blogs, I picked up their entry fetish, where their writing focused only on the hottest words in the themeless grid while overlooking the creative pop of the clever clues, which could make blander entries like CEASE-FIRES or CEL come alive.
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Inside the front lines in Ukraine's protracted war with Russian-backed separatists Inside the front lines in Ukraine's protracted war with Russian-backed separatists Despite two official cease-fires, the conflict between Russia-backed separatists and the Ukrainian Army in eastern Ukraine continues to drag on toward its third year.
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The present crisis, in which at least 73 civilians have died, began last month when fighting broke out in Juba, the capital, ending the latest in a series of brief cease-fires in a civil war between troops loyal to President Salva Kiir and those backing Riek Machar, the former vice president.
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Previous attempts to impose cease-fires in Syria – which involves persuading the myriad armed groups holding chunks of the country to halt their fighting – have eventually broken down, with the notable exception of a deal brokered in Aleppo earlier this month, after reported mass atrocities caused by airstrikes and blocking of aid deliveries.
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Seven armed groups (and one student union) signed the N.C.A. But many more, including signatories to bilateral cease-fires, such as the New Mon State Party or the Karenni National Progressive Party, refused, balking at the lack of guarantees that political concessions would follow and at the government's refusal to negotiate with insurgents who were still fighting.
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The U.S. and Russia have brokered temporary cease-fires in Syria's years-long civil war in the past, including one reached in September under former President Barack ObamaBarack Hussein Obama85033 real problems Republicans need to address to win in 2020 Obama's high school basketball jersey sells for 0,000 at auction Dirty little wars and the law: Did Osama bin Laden win?
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