Most of the lame comedic scenes in the opera involve Strauss's attempts to depict the baron's absurd carryings-on.
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It's tempting to read her here as standing in not only for his whole vast crew of enablers but for Italy itself, used up and disillusioned after years of his carryings-on.
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The gently comic carryings on of youngsters would be a constant vein in Tarkington's fiction throughout the rest of his career, not only in two later Penrod collections but most spectacularly in "Seventeen," centered on a Penrod-like seventeen-year-old named Willie Baxter, who falls hard for a visiting belle from out of town—the ultrafeminine Lola Pratt, with her maddening baby talk and adorable little dog, Flopit.
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The two lines reaching Kelso directly were under competing managements, and they failed to develop a through service over the line. With the rise of reliable road transport and improved roads, goods and passenger carryings on the lines declined from the 1930s. The Jedburgh line passenger service closed in 1948, and the passenger service on the other lines was heavily reduced in 1955 and withdrawn in 1964.
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Carryings on the first section were encouraging, but constructing the tunnel at Ventnor was proving difficult. In fact the contractor was unable to complete it and went into administration, under its creditor, the finance company Warrant Finance. Eventually the work was substantially ready, although much cost-cutting had taken place. Colonel Yolland made an inspection in August 1866, but this time there were many deficiencies, including defective track.
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The line passed into the ownership of the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) in 1923. As early as the 1920s bus competition eroded the already limited passenger carryings on the line. The LNER tried to reduce costs of the loss-making passenger service by introducing a steam railcar, Quicksilver, manufactured by the Sentinel Waggon Works in Shrewsbury. It had a vertical boiler power plant and geared drive.
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The passenger carryings on the line did not live up to early expectation, and in fact declined from 4,800 journeys in 1906 to 3,600 in 1913, 2,500 in 1918 and dropping to 1,000 in 1923. There was little goods traffic on the rural line. In 1921 the passenger operation was losing £1,600 annually, and from that time local bus operators started operating bus services which were more convenient, further worsening custom on the railway.
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Diesel multiple unit vehicles started operating on the lines from 14 June 1956. The light passenger carryings on the Witham to Maldon line and the Braintree branch encouraged consideration of low cost train operation. Diesel railbuses operating on lightly trafficked lines in the Federal Republic of Germany were considered to be successful, and some vehicles were acquired and introduced on the lines, from 7 July 1958. The vehicles were constructed by Waggon- und Maschinenbau GmbH Donauwörth.
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On 1 January 1948 the railways passed into nationalised ownership under British Railways, following the Transport Act 1947. World War II had caused further decline in the competitive position of the railways on the island, and the minimal carryings on the Merstone to Ventnor line resulted in its closure on 13 September 1952. The Newport to Freshwater line was closed on 21 September 1953. The Newport to Sandown line continued for a while, but on 6 February 1956 it too closed.
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' About > this time Alice James remarked acidly that Elly's flustered carryings - on > about her engagement were likely to exasperate her fiancé beyond endurance. > In 1913, Henry, writing to his acolyte Howard Sturgis about the relatives he > had mentioned in his memoir A Small Boy and Others, explained enigmatically, > 'Yes, my Father's two other sisters were my Van Buren and my Temple aunts. I > should have liked to drag in the former's daughter, the intimate of our > childhood, or of mine, later Mrs. Stuyvesant Morris, but forebore.
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The Government passed the Railways Act 1921, which forced the consolidation of most of the railways of Great Britain into four new, large companies, the "groups". Although this is generally considered to have taken place at the beginning of 1923, the Taff Vale Railway became a constituent of the Great Western Railway on 1 January 1922. The process was known as "the grouping". During this period competition from road transport, especially for passenger business, became exceptionally strong and passenger carryings on the railway fell considerably.
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During World War II a bomb fell on the main line near Ingatestone and the crater made the line there temporarily impassable. For two weeks main line passenger trains ran via Woodham Ferrers and Maldon, reversing there. It was therefore said that the busiest passenger carryings on that part of the line were after closure to local passenger trains. Nevertheless the regular traffic on the line between Maldon and Woodham Ferrers was only a basic goods service, and the poor financial results caused the line to be completely closed on 1 April 1953.
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The railways of Great Britain were subject to the Railways Act 1922 by which most of them were "grouped", and both the LSWR and the Plymouth and Dartmoor Railway passed into the ownership of the new Southern Railway (UK). The Transport Act 1947 imposed further reorganisation, taking the railways into national ownership under British Railways in 1948. The rise of urban bus services led to a steep decline in passenger carryings on the line, and passenger trains were withdrawn on 10 September 1951; goods trains continued to run until 30 October 1961.
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The Edinburgh, Loanhead and Roslin Railway was a railway line south of Edinburgh, Scotland, built primarily to serve mineral workings, although passenger trains were operated. It is also known as the Glencorse Branch of the North British Railway. It opened from a junction at Millerhill on the Waverley Route, to Roslin in 1874 and was extended to a location near Penicuik to serve Glencorse Barracks and a colliery in 1877 and to Penicuik Gas Works in 1878. Bus services substantially eroded the passenger carryings on the line, and passenger trains ceased in 1933.
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The first bus service from Roslin to Edinburgh started in 1914, immediately affecting passenger carryings on the line. During World War I Gilmerton station was closed from 1 January 1917, being reopened on 2 June 1919. The railways of Great Britain were "grouped" in 1923 following the Railways Act 1921, and the North British Railway was a constituent of the new London and North Eastern Railway (LNER). In the 1930s competition from local bus services intensified considerably and the railway passenger traffic declined steeply, resulting in the passenger service on the line closing on 1 May 1933.
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Dismantled viaduct over the River Eden. This photograph was from a similar position to the first photograph)On 25 January 1909 the Newburgh and North of Fife Railway opened, giving a direct connection from Leuchars to Perth and St Andrews had a daily passenger train to Perth. In 1923 the railways of Great Britain were "grouped" following the Railways Act 1921, and the North British Railway was a constituent of the new London and North Eastern Railway (LNER). From 1925 bus services made serious inroads into passenger carryings on the St Andrews line. In 1948 the railways were again re-organised by Government, and taken into state ownership.
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In the 1920s road competition for passenger transport became active: tramways and trolleybuses at first and then motor buses as interurban roads were improved. Carryings on the passenger trains of the Ely Valley Railway fell disastrously. Freight traffic fared as badly; ordinary goods business was susceptible to more flexible road lorry competition in the same way as the passenger services. The decline of some of the pits, partly from overseas competition, led to falling volumes of mineral traffic. The passenger service on the Ely Valley Extension Railway line (now GWR) was suspended between 5 March and 26 March 1928, and withdrawn finally on 22 September 1930.
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The Railways Act 1921 required most of the railways of Great Britain to be placed under the ownership of one or other of four new large concerns, in a process known as the "grouping". The Great Eastern Railway was a constituent of the new London and North Eastern Railway (LNER); the transfer is considered to have taken effect from the beginning of 1923. The poor carryings on the line were not overlooked by the LNER, and it was announced that the passenger service on the line would be discontinued after the last train on 27 February 1932; the line was closed to passengers from 29 February 1932.. The goods service continued for the time being.
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The passenger service was typical for a rural railway; in 1884 there were five passenger trains in each direction. By 1910, there were eight trains a day on Thursdays and Saturdays, fewer on other weekdays, and not all of those ran through to or from Frome. On 28 December 1946 the dirt batch at Pensford Pit slipped, burying and blocking the line; it was closed there for three months, with passenger operation from Bristol to Pensford and from Clutton to Frome. In the 1950s new and efficient bus services were introduced in the greater Bristol area; there had been good business from passengers travelling to work in Bristol, and the bus services hit passenger carryings on the line.
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After World War I road transport competition had begun to take effect and in the latter half of the 1920s this competition became significant. From a very low base, the GWR tried to encourage traffic in the thinly populated area; the opening of a new halt at Crossways in April 1929 to encourage traffic can hardly have done much to affect the losses. The weekday passenger train service had long been four trains each way, although this was reduced to three during World War II. Nationalisation of the railways took place in 1948; there were four daily passenger trains once again, but inevitably the new owner, British Railways, considered the carryings on the line. A survey showed that 7,000 passengers were carried in the whole of 1950, an average of six per train.
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In the 1920s fruit production gained in importance locally; a former station master at Stretham reminisced that "It was a time when... trainloads of fruit pickers would arrive to be taken to their primitive camps in the nearby fields." Following World War I a local bus service was started in the area in 1919; the competition was an immediate blow to passenger carryings on the line; in addition there was a general depression in the agricultural sector in the locality, and financial losses were heavy. In an attempt to reduce costs, the conductor-guard system was introduced on passenger trains from December 1922, and booking offices at most stations were closed. So that the conductor-guard could patrol the whole train to take fares, six-wheel coaches were modified with centre gangways within the coaches and doors at end for the conductor- guard to use.
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