143 Sentences With "canonist" | Random Sentence Generator

It was the birthplace of the canonist Reginald of Piperno.

Henricus Canisius (1562, Nijmegen - 2 September 1610, Ingolstadt) was a Dutch canonist and historian.

Adam of Usk (, c. 1352 – 1430) was a Welsh priest, canonist, and late medieval historian and chronicler.

Dominic Schram, sometimes spelled Schramm (24 October 1722 - 21 September 1797) was a German Benedictine theologian and canonist.

Portrait of Francesco Zabarella Francesco Zabarella (10 August 1360 – 26 September 1417) was an Italian cardinal and canonist.

Ubaldo Giraldi (1692–1775), also known by the Latin name Ubaldus A Sancto Cajetano, was an Italian canonist.

Print of Alvarus Pelagius (Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal) Álvaro Pelayo (; c. 1280 - 25 January 1352) was a celebrated Galician canonist.

Bartholomew of Brescia (b. probably in the second half of the 12th century at Brescia; died 1258) was an Italian canonist.

Joseph Putzer (4 March 1836, Rodeneck, County of Tyrol, Austrian Empire - 15 May 1904, Ilchester, Maryland, USA) was an Austrian Redemptorist theologian and canonist.

Guillaume Fillastre Guillaume Fillastre (the Elder) (b. 1348 at La Suze, Maine, France; d. Rome, 6 November 1428) was a French Cardinal, canonist, humanist, and geographer.

Joseph Biner (1697, Gluringen, Switzerland--March 24, 1766, Torrenburg, Germany) was a Roman Catholic canonist, historian, and theologian. His fame rests principally on his erudition abilities.

Maurus von Schenkl Maurus von Schenkl (Auerbach in der Oberpfalz, Bavaria, 4 January 1749 - Amberg, Bavaria, 14 June 1816) was a German Benedictine theologian and canonist.

3Black's Law Dictionary, 5th Edition, pg. 187: "Canonist" (or colloquially, canon lawyers).Berman, Law and Revolution, pg. 288 Canon law as a sacred science is called canonistics.

Stephen of Tournai, (18 March 1128 - 11 September 1203), was a Canon regular of Sainte-Geneviève (Paris), and Roman Catholic canonist who became bishop of Tournai in 1192.

Nicolò de' Tudeschi (Panormitanus)"Abbas modernus" or "recentior", "abbas Panormitanus" or "Siculus". (b. at Catania, Sicily, in 1386; d. at Palermo, 24 February 1445) was an Italian Benedictine canonist.

Giulio Lorenzo Selvaggio (b. Naples, 10 August 1728; d. Naples, November, 1772) was a canonist and archaeologist. He entered the seminary of Naples in 1744, and was ordained priest in 1752.

Petrus BoeriPierre Bohier, Pierre Boyer. (b. during the first quarter of the 14th century at Laredorte, Aude, canton of Peyriac Minervois; d. probably 1388) was a French Benedictine canonist and bishop.

Eugenio Corecco (3 October 1931 – 1 March 1995) was a Swiss bishop of the diocese of Lugano. He was a notable 20th century canonist who wrote about the theology of canon law.

Bonagratia of BergamoBoncortese de Bergamo, Bonagratia Bergamenus. (c. 1265–1340) was a Franciscan involved in the "poverty of Christ" controversy. As a trained canonist, he supported Michael of Cesena against Pope John XXII.

At the time, many Latin merchants had settled in Egypt, along with priest chaplains, and Latin prisoners held by the Muslims. In 1190, Mark wrote to the Byzantine Canonist from Antioch Theodore Balsamon for his opinion on whether or not it was permitted to continue the practice of admitting the Latins to Holy Communion. Although the Canonist gave an uncompromisingly negative answer, Mark rejected it. Mark continued to remember the Pope of Rome in the diptychs and administer Holy Communion to Latins.

Michael Choumnos or Chumnus () was a Byzantine jurist and canonist, who was nomophylax, and afterwards Metropolitan of Thessalonica. He lived in the 12th century, and is said to have been the author of various works.

Un Commento a Norma del Codice di Diritto Canonico (1924) of Peter Paul Borg Peter Paul Borg (1843–1934) was a Maltese theologian, canonist and minor philosopher. He was mostly interested in the philosophy of law.

Christophe Justel (1580–1649) was a French scholar, known as Christophorus or Christopher Justellus. A librarian, canonist and Protestant, he served as secretary to the French king Henri IV, buying the office for his son Henri Justel (1620–1693).

Drawing from scripture, the decrees of ecumenical councils, and the work of the great canonist-pope Benedict XIV, he argued that marriage is of natural right and can exist for Catholics outside the blessing of the sacrament of marriage.

John Formosa (1869–1941) was a Maltese theologian, canonist, minor philosopher, and poet. In philosophy he mostly specialised in metaphysics.Mark Montebello, Il-Ktieb tal-Filosofija f’Malta (A Source Book of Philosophy in Malta), PIN Publications, Malta, 2001, Vol. I, p. 180.

The first edition was printed at Lyons in 1531, then again at Paris by Philip Probus, a canonist of Bourges, in 1545, and dedicated to Pope Paul III as a help towards the Council of Trent. Other editions, Paris, 1671, etc.

Both versions have some own peculiar material. The use of the Liturgy of Saint Mark by the Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria was blamed by the Patriarch of Antioch and canonist Theodore Balsamon at the beginning of the 13th century.

By many of the early modern authors, William of St Paul is confused with William Pagham of Hanborough, or William Paull the canonist who wrote Oculus sacerdotis. Robert Walsingham quoted him, and John Bale attributed to him a work De ente rationis formaliter.

Bartholomew of San Concordio Bartholomew of San Concordio (about 1260 at San Concordia, near Pisa - 11 June 1347 at Pisa) was an Italian Dominican canonist and man of letters. He was the author of the Summa de casibus conscientiae (1338) and of the Ammaestramenti degli antichi.

Eliya ibn ʿUbaid (), also called Īlīyā al-Jawharī, was a theologian, philosopher, canonist and chronographer of the Church of the East. He served as the bishop of Jerusalem from 878 or 879 until 893 and then as the archbishop of Damascus. He wrote in Arabic. He died after 903.

Lucius Ferraris (18 April 1687 – 24 February 1763) was an Italian Franciscan canonist of the 18th century. He was born at Solero, near Alessandria in Northern Italy. He was also professor, provincial of his order, and consultor of the Holy Office. It would seem he died before 1763.

The reforms were proposed by a group of experts in matrimonial jurisprudence. According to experts at the Vatican, they are the most expansive revision in matrimonial nullity jurisprudence in centuries. The reforms are a departure from the 18th-century matrimonial nullity reforms of the canonist Pope Benedict XIV.

John Holyman (c. 1495 – 20 December 1558) was a Roman Catholic English prelate, Bishop of Bristol (1554–1558). Was a distinguished canonist who was born about 1495 in Cuddington, Buckinghamshire. He was educated at Winchester and afterwards at New College, Oxford, where he became a Fellow in 1512.

Bernardus Papiensis (pre-1150 – 18 September 1213) was an Italian canonist and bishop of the Christian Church. Breviarium extravagantium, 1779 Compilatio I Decretalium, 14th-century manuscript. Olomouc, Zemský archiv v Opavě, Rukopisy, C.O. 589. Born at Pavia, he studied law and theology at Bologna under Gandulphus and Faventinus.

Rufinus was an Italian canon lawyer, described as the most influential canonist at the University of Bologna in the mid 12th century.Hartmann and Pennington, pp. 135–136. He composed a Summa on Gratian's Decretum before 1159,Rufinus, Die “Summa Decretorum” des Magister Rufinus, ed. H. Singer, Paderborn 1902, p.

He was ordained to the priesthood on 20 December 1860. He was appointed as professor of dogma at the Pontifical Roman Athenaeum of S. Apollinare in 1869. He served as a canonist of the Apostolic Penitentiary. While in Rome he was also undersecretary of the Congregation for Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs from 1881.

For a time King Peter IV of Aragon prevented Eymerich from serving as inquisitor. Finally in 1376 he drove him from the kingdom and Eymerich fled to the papal court of Pope Gregory XI in Avignon. There he wrote the Directorium Inquisitorum. It was further amplified by Spanish canonist Francis Peña in 1578.

Kyrillos Katerelos (Kyrillos, Bishop of Abydos; Greek: Επίσκοπος Αβύδου Κύριλλος; French: Cyrille; Russian: Кирилл; Born Evangelos Katerelos Greek: Κατερέλος Ευάγγελος, 21 November 1956, Lamia) is the Eastern Orthodox Christian Bishop of Abydos (Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople). A theologian, church historian, and canonist, he is currently a professor of theology at the University of Athens.

With regard to the former Papacy, he sought a middle position, and therefore received neither the archbishop of Salzburg, nor the archbishop of Mainz. In 1169 he had to abdicate after a profound disagreement with the cathedral chapter and the citizens of Passau. He became a canonist in Freising, where he died after 1177.

On returning to Ireland, Reynolds became chaplain to Gerald FitzGerald, 9th Earl of Kildare, lord deputy of Ireland. The Fitzgerald dynasty was the most powerful family in Ireland. Reynolds was also appointed archdeacon of Kells and rector of Nobber on 13 Feb 1532. A canonist, he was very active as a diocesan and provincial administrator.

In 1994, Belgian politician and canonist Rik Torfs appealed to bishops to exercise their jus remonstrandi to protest the Papal letter Ordinatio sacerdotalis, which ended the debate on ordination of women to the Catholic priesthood.Torfs, Rik. "A Healthy Rivalry: Human Rights in the Church" in Louvain Theological and Pastoral Monographs, Volume 20. Peeters Publishers, 1992. .

He was the court chaplain of the Empress Agnes. After his elevation to the bishop of Passau, he called a canonist into the restored St. Florian Monastery. The Agapitus chapel, the churches of Ernstbrunn and Korn and Trainskirchen were consecrated by him. In 1050 he built the parish of St. Paul and consecrated the new church.

1200 – 1271) an Italian canonist of the thirteenth century, was born in the city. During the Napoleonic era a new road, the Via Napoleonica, was built. The city's role as a communications hub has been confirmed recently by a nationwide dispute over the construction of the proposed Turin-Lyon high-speed rail link (TAV) to France.

Bernard of Botone (date of birth unknown; d. 1263, or, according to Hurter, 24 March 1266) was a noted Italian canonist of the thirteenth century. He is generally called Bern(h)ardus Parmensis or Bernard of Parma, from his birthplace Parma. He studied in Bologna, under Tancred, where later he accepted the chair of canon law.

Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte was born in Monte San Savino. He was educated by the humanist Raffaele Brandolini Lippo, and later studied law at Perugia and Siena. During his career, he distinguished himself as a brilliant canonist rather than as a theologian. Del Monte was the nephew of Antonio Maria Ciocchi del Monte, Archbishop of Manfredonia (1506–1511).

In quick succession, four so-called compilationes appeared between 1191 and 1226, as a sign of the growing importance of papal decretals. The fifth compilation, the Compilatio Quinta, was made by the canonist Tancred (d. about 1235) for Honorius III in 1226, who sent it immediately to the University of Bologna. It was organized into five books.

Ivo of Chartres (also Ives, Yves, or Yvo; ; 1040 – 23 December 1115), also known as Saint Ivo in the Roman Catholic Church, was the Bishop of Chartres, France from 1090 until his death, and an important canonist during the Investiture Crisis. Ivo is claimed to have studied at the Abbey of Bec in Normandy under Lanfranc of Canterbury, where he would have met Anselm of Canterbury, the great scholastic theologian. In 1067 or not much later, he became, at the desire of his bishop, prior of the canons of Saint-Quentin at Beauvais. As Bishop of Chartres and a canonist he contended strongly against simony and opposed King Philip I of France's repudiation of his wife Bertha of Holland in order to marry Bertrade of Anjou in 1092.

Francis answered, "He did not pass this way," sliding his forefinger into the sleeve of his cassock, thus misleading the murderer and saving a life.Zagorin, p. 15. A variant of this anecdote is cited by the canonist Martin de Azpilcueta to illustrate his doctrine of a mixed speech (oratoria mixta) combining speech and gestural communication.Martin de Azpilcueta Azpilcueta, Martin, (Navarra), Commentarius in cap.

Francis Xavier Schmalzgrueber (9 October 1663 - 7 November 1735) was a German Jesuit canonist. Schmalzgrueber was born at Griesbach, Bavaria. Entering the Society of Jesus in 1679, he made his studies at Ingolstadt, obtaining the doctorate both in theology and canon law. He taught humanities at Munich, Dillingen, and Neuburg; philosophy at Mindelheim, Augsburg, and Ingolstadt; dogmatic theology at Innsbruck and Lucerne.

Heads of Religious Houses p. 132 Greenway Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300: Volume 2: Monastic Cathedrals (Northern and Southern Provinces): Worcester: Bishops He was well known as a canonist,Warren Henry II p. 552 and often acted as a judge-delegate for the papacy, hearing cases that had reached the Roman Curia and been remanded to local experts for decision.Barlow Thomas Becket p.

Curtis John Guillory, S.V.D. (born September 1, 1943) was the Bishop of the Catholic Diocese of Beaumont, Texas, from on 2000 to 2020. He was the first non-canonist to hold this position. He has done advanced work in Christian spirituality and Jungian psychology.Welcome to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Beaumont He was previously Auxiliary Bishop of Galveston-Houston from 1988 to 2000.

Salih, 2001, p. 140. Indeed, the decretal itself contends that "it is pointless indeed to make laws unless someone be designated to enforce them" (in the case of Periculoso, the prelates were so designated). English canonist John of Ayton commented that the decretal was merely a "dead letter" and that there was "scare any mortal man who could do this".Warren, 2001, p. 6.

Vitus Pichler (born at Grosberghofen, 24 May 1670; died at Munich, 15 February 1736) was an Austrian Jesuit canonist and controversial writer. He studied for the secular priesthood, but after ordination entered the Society of Jesus, 28 September 1696. For four years he was professor of philosophy at Briggs and Dillingen. He was then advanced to the chair of philosophy, controversial and scholastic, at Augsburg.

Guido de Baysio (born about the middle of the thirteenth century of a noble Ghibelline family; died at Avignon, 10 August 1313) was an Italian canonist. The probable place of his birth is Reggio, where he also studied law under Guido de Suzaria. Here he became, successively, doctor and professor of canon law and also obtained an ecclesiastical benefice as canon. Gerhard, Bishop of Parma (d.

Kinkell Church from South Apart from his organisation skills, Galloway was a deeply committed conservative priest. He was a “canonist”. He also left a legacy of buildings, signs and symbols that place him as one of the great 16th century Liturgists in the NE of Scotland. Carter, Charles. 1956. 'The Arma Christi in Scotland', Proceeding of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 90: 116-29.

Bernard of Compostella the Older (Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus) was a canonist of the early thirteenth century, a native of Compostela in Spain. He is called Antiquus to distinguish him from Bernardus Compostellanus Junior. He became a professor canon law in the Italian University of Bologna. Bernard compiled a collection of the decrees promulgated by Innocent III during the first ten years of his pontificate (1198–1208).

Charles Reynolds (Irish: Cathal Mac Raghnaill) (c. 1496July 1535) was an Irish Catholic cleric, canonist, and diocesan administrator. Born in County Leitrim, Reynolds entered a religious order and was appointed to influential posts as archdeacon and chaplain to the Earl of Kildare. His name in native Irish is , but he anglicized his name to Charles Reynolds in order secure ecclesiastical benefices under English laws.

New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. Retrieved: 2016-10-02. The most famous native son of the province of Susa is Cardinal Enrico de Seguso, known as '(H)Ostiensis', the most distinguished canonist of his age. He had been a professor of law at Bologna and then at Paris. He was Bishop of Sisteron (1244), Archbishop of Embrun (1250), and then Cardinal Bishop of Ostia (1261).

Although renowned as a polemical theologian, Pichler is better known as a canonist. He published his "Candidatus juris prudentiæ sacræ" in 1722; this was followed by "Summa jurisprudentiæ sacræ universæ" in 1723 sqq. He also issued "Manipulus casuum jiridicorum" and several epitomes of his larger canonical treatises. Pichler's controversial works were in great vogue during the eighteenth century, while his books on canon law were used as textbooks in many universities.

It appeared in 1765 and shows him at his best as a theologian and canonist. His last controversial treatise, which appeared the same year and was published like all the others at Vienna, is entitled: Kurzer Begriff der heutigen Glaubenstreitigkeiten. It is an examination and refutation of various Protestant confessions of faith. Biner's chief work of a purely canonical character is Dissertationes juridicæ de beneficiis ecclesiasticis (Innsbruck, 1746).

Pierre Roger de Beaufort was born at Maumont, France, around 1330. His uncle, Pierre Cardinal Roger, Archbishop of Rouen, was elected pope in 1342 and took the name Clement VI. Clement VI bestowed a number of benefices upon his nephew and in 1348, created the eighteen-year-old a cardinal deacon. The young cardinal attended the University of Perugia, where he became a skilled canonist and theologian.Ott, Michael.

A few months following his visit, Bishop Atwater summoned Katherine Wells to his court in Lincoln. She faced numerous charges including incontinence and deliberate immorality. Bowker says the proceedings lasted several days during which she was interrogated by both the bishop and his officials including Dr Peter Potkyn, the episcopal canonist at counsel. At first Wells denied the accusations, but the weight of Horde's evidence forced a confession.

179 As a canonist, he was the author of a treatise entitled Summa decretalium quaestionum, which exists in six or seven manuscripts. The Summa was written between 1186 and 1190. The work is divided into three parts covering procedures, laws relating to consecration and church offices, and marriage. Honorius wrote as part of an Anglo-Norman school of decretalists, and his Summa was the most commonly used work of that school.

He studied law at Orléans and became a well-known canonist. Simon taught canon law at the University of Paris, attracting the attention of John, Duke of Berry, one of the uncles of King Charles VI of France. As a counselor of the duke, Simon performed both administrative and diplomatic tasks. In 1382, he was appointed Bishop of Agen, but was transferred to Béziers in 1383, and finally to Poitiers in 1385.

He summoned a council that deposed two bishops for disobeying the Canons including Cracovian Cazlaus (Czasław),Władysław Abraham, Organizacja Kościoła w Polsce do połowy wieku XII, Lwów, 1890 who had married. Galon was also first to bring to Poland the canon law collection Collectio trium partium, a work of his master St. Ivo, medieval canonist and Bishop of Chartres. Galon was present at Council of Châlons in 1115. He died February 23, 1116.

In the time of Bishop Ognibene (1157–1185), a distinguished canonist, Pope Lucius III visited Verona. During his stay, and the stay of his successor, the episcopal palace was used as the papal residence, and the bishop of Verona had to find quarters at the church of S. Giorgio.Cappelletti X, p. 767. Pope Lucius had been driven out of Rome by his own Romans, because he had opposed the Romans in their war against Tusculum.

The work was translated into French (Brussels, 1868). Other works on canon law are his treatise on the French Concordat of 1801 (Rome, 1871), and a disquisition on the Pauline privilege (published posthumously in 1888). Though best known as a canonist, Tarquini was also an archaeologist of no mean repute, especially on matters relating to the ancient Etruscans. His earliest archaeological treatise is Breve commento di antiche iscrizioni appartenenti alla citta di Fermo (1847).

The Charter can also be read as a document of the times. In late pre-Reformation Scotland Dunbar, the King, the Court and the vast majority of people would have found nothing amiss in endowing men and women to pray for the dead. Dunbar in his civic and religious acts was a clearly a man of his times. He was a Canonist and Catholic priest who had a firm grasp on a theory of salvation.

Krieg, Robert (2004) Catholic Theologians in Nazi Germany, New York: Continuum, p 50 As a result, he was suspended from priestly ministry in August 1934 (together with his colleague, canonist Hans Barion), though reinstated in September 1935, having forsworn his support for the law.Heiber, Helmut (1994) Universität unterm Hakenkreuz (Part 2, volume 2), Munich: Saur, pp 96 – 98; Thomas Marschler, Kirchenrecht im Bannkreis Carl Schmitts. Hans Barion vor und nach 1945, Bonn: nova & vetera 2004, 28-49.

Antoine de Mouchy (Antonius Monchiacenus Demochares) (1494 - 8 May 1574) was a French theologian and canonist, at Paris. A traditional explanation of the French term mouchard, meaning police spy or informer, is that it derived from his use of intelligence-gathering networks, when working as an inquisitor.:fr:wikt:mouchard This folk-etymology was adopted by Voltaire, following François-Eudes de Mézeray. It has been plausibly contested, on the grounds that the word is found used in the fifteenth century.

Godfrey of Fontaines completed at least fifteen Quodlibetal sessions. Hence, Godfrey discussed a very wide range of issues. These and other writings show him to have been not merely a distinguished theologian and philosopher, but also a canonist, jurist, moralist, and conversationalist, who took an active part in the various ecclesiastical, doctrinal, and disciplinary disputes that stirred Paris at that period. Godfrey was reportedly influenced by Thomas Aquinas, and was a defender of Thomism against his contemporaries.

Duca attended elementary and secondary school in Dallas and graduated from Bishop Lynch High School in 1970. He attended Holy Trinity Seminary from 1970 to 1978, and while there received a bachelor's degree in psychology and a master of divinity degree in theology from the adjacent University of Dallas. Duca was ordained a priest on 29 April 1978 in Dallas, Texas. He was educated in the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas (Angelicum) training as a canonist.

He was a member of the Canons Regular of Saint Augustine and obtained a doctorate in canon law. Arnaud de Villemur was ordained prior of Sos (then in the diocese of Pamiers). Then, becoming a renowned canonist, he was appointed Bishop of Périgueux on October 15, 1347, then transferred to the Diocese of Pamiers on February 13, 1348. He held this position until his appointment as Cardinal of Saint Sixtus at the consistory on December 17, 1350.

Rev. Dr Manuel Caetano Alvares was Son of Rev. Dr Vicente Álvares and Joana Marcelina Correia and Husband of Paula Ribeiro. He had two children Dr. Pedro António Álvares, (Fidalgo de Cota-de-Armas.) and Vicente Manuel Álvares, (Padre.) A canonist, he was granted the title(degree)"Doctor of Canon Law" by the Portuguese Government. He married twice and after the death of his second wife,he entered the priesthood and was ordained priest on 20 September 1738.

Sepulchre of Giovanni d'Andrea Giovanni d'Andrea or Johannes Andreæ (1270 1275 - 1348) was an Italian expert in canon law, the most renowned and successful canonist of the later Middle Ages. His contemporaries referred to him as iuris canonici fons et tuba ("the fount and trumpet of canon law"). Most important among his works were extensive commentaries on all of the official collections of papal decretals, papal judgments in the form of letters to delegated judges that were at the core of canon law.

Juan de Mella was born in Zamora, Spain, the son of a nobleman, Fernando de Mella, notary of the episcopal curia and escribano de número of Zamora, and of his wife, Catalina de Alfonso.Thomas M. Izbicki, "Notes and Late Medieval Jurists: I. Juan de Mella: Cardinal and Canonist," Bulletin of Medieval Canon Law 4 (1974), p. 49 Biography from The Biographical Dictionary of the Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church His brother Alfonso de Mella, O.Min., was a member of the Fraticelli.

He was born in Bochnia in 1849 as the son of a father of Italian descent, Michał Vetulani, and a Polish mother, Franciszka Śliwińska. Roman Vetulani graduated in classical philology from Lvov University. He had six children: Kazimierz (professor of Lvov University), Zygmunt (diplomat), Tadeusz (professor of Adam Mickiewicz University in animal husbandry), Adam (historian of medieval law and canonist, professor of Jagiellonian University), Maria, and Elżbieta (died in childhood). Roman Vetulani died on August 12, 1908 in Zawoja, Poland.

Grave in the Lateran Nicolò Maria Antonelli (8 July 1698 – 24 September 1767) was an Italian Cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church, a learned canonist, ecclesiastical historian, and Orientalist. Antonelli was born in Senigallia. He wrote De Titulis Quos S. Evaristus Presbyteris Romanis Distribuit (Rome, 1725), in defense of the parochial character of the primitive Roman churches. He also edited (and defended) the commentary of St. Athanasius on the Psalms, sermons of St. James of Nisibis, and under the name of Emman.

The 1271 general assembly of the Dominicans in Montpellier also commemorated his death. In his last testament, Báncsa donated his liturgical garments, objects and codices to churches and individuals. The two executioners of his last will were canonist Henry of Segusio and Giovanni Gaetano Orsini (elected Pope Nicholas III in 1277), which reflected his social appreciation in the Curia. He was buried in the basilica of Santa Balbina in Rome (today it is the titular church of Hungarian cardinal Péter Erdő).

Michael's seal from 1299 preserved the first art depiction of the Zagreb Cathedral. Andrew III died on 14 January 1301. Following that Michael became one of the first partisans of Charles of Anjou beside Archbishop-elect Gregory Bicskei, while majority of the prelates supported the claims of the Bohemian prince Wenceslaus. As a skilled notary and canonist, he help the diplomatic work of papal legate Niccolo Boccasini, who tried to persuade the secular barons to support Charles' claim against the other pretenders.

Máel Muire Ó Lachtáin was Dean of Tuam from 1230 and then the fourth Archbishop of Tuam from 1235 to 1249. The History of the Popes describes him as: > Dean of Tuam, having been elected by the Chapter, was accepted by the Pope, > and afterward received confirmation from the King (Henry III of England). > The Four Masters seem to intimate that he was consecrated in England. He is > said to have been an eminent canonist ... He undertook a pilgrimage to > Jerusalem and wrote an account of it.

Cardinal Navarrete Cortés was born in Camarena de la Sierra, Teruel; his father was José Navarrete Esteban. He entered the Society of Jesus on 20 June 1937; after his licentiate in philosophy and in theology he obtained a doctorate in canon law. Cardinal Navarrete was ordained to the priesthood on 31 May 1952, during the International Eucharistic Congress. A world-renowned canonist, he then served as Dean of the Faculty of Canon Law at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome until 1980, when he was appointed rector.

Sevanian was born in Germany and emigrated to the United States with his family, settling first in San Francisco and later in the San Fernando Valley (near Los Angeles). Alex Sevanian's father, Ara Sevanian (Born, May 21, 1916, Armenia. Died, January 4, 2011, Mission Hills, California), was a composer and canonist whose works have been performed by the Los Angeles Philharmonic and the Chattanooga Symphony and Opera, among others. Alex Sevanian, with his wife, Diana Lynn Sevanian, had two sons, David Alexander Sevanian and Andrew Maximillian Sevanian.

During the proceedings Wolman acted as a secret negotiator between the king and Wolsey. His reward was a prebend in St Paul's Cathedral (25 June) and a third share of the advowson of the first canonry and prebend void in St. Stephen's, Westminster. He is frequently referred to as a canonist of authority by the correspondents of the king and of Wolsey during the divorce proceedings. He was one of twenty-one commissioners to whom Wolsey, on 11 June 1529, delegated the hearing of causes in chancery.

His Logicae was a substantial work, and was referred to by Samuel Johnson.Andrew Pyle (editor), Dictionary of Seventeenth Century British Philosophers (2000), article on Crakanthorpe, pp. 220-1. Crakanthorpe was, says Anthony à Wood, > a great canonist, and so familiar and exact in the fathers, councils, and > schoolmen, that none in his time scarce went before him. None have written > with greater diligence, I cannot say with a meeker mind, as some have > reported that he was as foul-mouthed against the papists, particularly M. > Ant.

On 11 November 1969 the Holy Synod of the SOC appointed Dedeić assistant teacher for the monastic school at Ostrog Monastery. The then Metropolitan of Montenegro and the Littoral Danilo Dajković was his opponent and was against this, managing to get him fired on 6 October 1970. Professor Čedomir Drašković, whom he befriended, enrolled him at the Pontifical Oriental Institute in Rome, from which he graduated on 23 June 1973. Metropolitan Danilo was against this, but prof Dr Ivan Žužek, a Catholic canonist, managed to defend him.

Fieschi was born in Genoa and studied at the universities of Parma and Bologna. Considered a fine canonist, he served in the Curia for Pope Honorius III. Pope Gregory IX made Fieschi a cardinal and appointed him governor of the March of Ancona in 1235. He was elected pope in 1243 and took the name Innocent IV. He inherited an ongoing dispute over lands seized by the Holy Roman Emperor, and the following year relocated to France to escape imperial plots against him in Rome.

On 12 June 1724, only two weeks after his election, Pope Benedict XIII appointed Lambertini titular bishop of Theodosia. Lambertini was consecrated a bishop in Rome, in the Pauline Chapel of the Vatican Palace, on 16 July 1724, by Pope Benedict XIII. The co- consecrators were Giovanni Francesco Nicolai, titular Archbishop of Myra (Vicar of the Vatican Basilica), and Nicola Maria Lercari, titular Archbishop of Nazianzus (Papal Maestro di Camera). In 1725, he served as the Canonist at the Roman Synod of Pope Benedict XIII.

Guillaume Durand (died 1328 or 1330) was a French clergyman, a nephew of a more famous Guillaume Durand, nicknamed "The Speculator". Like his uncle, he was a canonist, was rector of the University of Toulouse and succeeded his uncle as Bishop of Mende. Pope John XXII and Charles IV of France sent him on an embassy to the Sultan Orhan (1326–1360) at Brusa, to obtain more favourable conditions for the Latins in Syria. He died on the way back, in Cyprus (1328 or 1330).

King James I overseeing a medieval court, from an illustrated manuscript of a legal code. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the onset of the Early Middle Ages, the legal profession of Western Europe collapsed. As James Brundage has explained: "[by 1140], no one in Western Europe could properly be described as a professional lawyer or a professional canonist in anything like the modern sense of the term 'professional.' "James A. Brundage, "The Rise of the Professional Jurist in the Thirteenth Century," 20 Syracuse J. Int'l L. & Com.

Giovanni Castiglione was born in Milan in 1420, the son of Palatine Count Maffiolo Castiglione and Angela Lampugnani.Biography from the Biographical Dictionary of the Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church His family was of the patrician rank. After studying civil law, Castiglione became a protonotary apostolic, gaining a reputation as a great canonist and sacred orator. Pope Eugene IV named him a secretary apostolic. On September 2, 1444, the cathedral chapter of Coutances Cathedral elected him Bishop of Coutances. In 1447, he was named papal legate to the Kingdom of England.

In the 5th century AD koliva in the sense of boiled wheat, constituted along with raw vegetables the diet of monks who refused to eat bread. Available (limitedly) online at the Oxford Reference. The 12th century canonist Theodore Balsamon maintained that koliva as a ritual food practice was originated by Athanasius of Alexandria during the reign of the Emperor Julian the Apostate. The association between death and life, between that which is planted in the ground and that which emerges, is deeply embedded in the making and eating of koliva.

Camillo Tarquini (27 September 1810 in Marta, located in the Montefiascone region of Italy - 15 February 1874 in Rome) was an Italian Cardinal, Jesuit canonist and archaeologist. Tarquini entered the Society of Jesus on August 27, 1837. Prior to his entrance, Tarquini had published a thesis for his doctorate on canon law: Institutionum juris canonici tabulae synopticae juxta ordinem habitum a Joanne Devote (Rome, 1835). As a professor, Tarquini held the chair of canon law at the Roman College, and he attracted notice by his explanations of sacred scripture at the Gesu.

Besides his published works, he contributed many articles to reviews, notably to the Civiltà Cattolica. It is principally as a canonist that he achieved fame. His first work on the law of the Church to bring him into international celebrity was that on the Regium Placet, or Exequatur, for Papal Bulls (Rome, 1851), which was translated into German, Spanish, and French. This treatise has generally been published as an appendix to his main work on canon law: Juris ecclesiastici publici institutiones (Rome, 1862), which has gone through many editions.

Chaillan, p. 12, 15–16. Prior Grimoard became Procurator-General for the Order of St. Benedict at the Papal Curia.Chaillan, p. 12, as recalled by Cardinal Guy de Boulogne in his funeral oration for Urban V. He became a noted canonist, teaching at Montpellier, Paris and Avignon. He was appointed by the Bishop of Clermont, Pierre de Aigrefeuille (1349–1357), to be his vicar general, which meant in effect that he ruled the diocese on behalf of the bishop. When Bishop Pierre was transferred to Uzès (1357–1366), Guillaume Grimond became Vicar General of Uzès.

Giovanni Battista Pamphili was born in Rome on 5 May 1574, the son of Camillo Pamphili, of the Roman Pamphili family. The family, originally from Gubbio, was directly descended from Pope Alexander VI. In 1594 he graduated from the Roman College and followed a conventional path through the ranks of the Catholic Church. He served as a Consistorial lawyer in 1601, and in 1604 succeeded his uncle, Cardinal Girolamo Pamphili, as auditor of the Roman Rota, the ecclesiastical appellate tribunal. He was also a canonist of the Sacred Apostolic Penitentiary, a second tribunal.

The name is derived from the pseudonym Justinus Febronius adopted by Johann Nikolaus von Hontheim, coadjutor bishop of Trier, in publishing his book '. Taking as a basis the Gallican principles which he imbibed from the canonist Zeger Bernhard van Espen while pursuing his studies at the University of Louvain, Hontheim advanced along the same lines to a radicalism far outstripping traditional Gallicanism. He developed a theory of ecclesiastical organization founded on a denial of the monarchical constitution of the Church. In 1738 Hontheim went to Koblenz, as an official to the Archbishop-Elector of Trier.

Finally he showed himself opposed to the preaching of missions in villages. Several of the bishops were aroused, and attention was drawn to the opinions in Hirscher's pamphlets that had been condemned already by Pope Pius VI in his Constitution "Auctorem fidei". The canonist George Phillips, the future Bishop Fessler, and Fathers Amberger of Ratisbon and Heinrich of Mainz, refuted Hirscher. He was condemned by the Congregation of the Index, and submitted with sincerity, for which Hettinger praises him; but he defended himself against his adversaries in another brochure.

Tancred of Bologna or of Germany (c. 1185 - 1230/1236), commonly just Tancredus, was a Dominican preacher and canonist. He is easily conflated with a contemporary Dominican, Tancred Tancredi, and the two are sometimes indistinguishable in the sources and have been treated as one person, though this is known to be false. Tancred's origins lie in Germany, where, if his hagiographers are to be believed, he was a soldier of middle rank at the court of the Emperor Frederick II. He was educated under John of Wales at the University of Bologna.

Nikodim Milaš grew up in a region where jurisprudence was founded on Roman and Byzantine law. His extensive and exact legal erudition, and the skill with which he wrote about the complex canonical laws, soon brought him a reputation never before equaled and caused him to be universally recognized as the greatest Eastern Orthodox canon lawyer of his day. Most of his work was translated into Russian, German, Romanian, Bulgarian and Greek, and has greatly influenced modern Orthodox canonists, including I. Bogović, C. Metrović, Professor S. Troitsky (the Russian-Serbian canonist), Branko Cisarž (d. 1982), and Dimsho Perić (d.

A lawyer or attorney is a person who practices law, as an advocate, attorney at law, barrister, barrister-at-law, bar-at-law, canonist, canon lawyer, civil law notary, counsel, counselor, counsellor, solicitor, legal executive, or public servant preparing, interpreting and applying law, but not as a paralegal or charter executive secretary.Henry Campbell Black, Black's Law Dictionary, 5th ed. (St. Paul: West Publishing Co., 1979), 799. Working as a lawyer involves the practical application of abstract legal theories and knowledge to solve specific individualized problems, or to advance the interests of those who hire lawyers to perform legal services.

Jacobus Balduinus (about 1175 - 10 April 1235) was an Italian jurist. He was born in Bologna probably about 1175, and is reputed to have been of a noble family. He was a pupil of Azo, and the master of Odofredus, of the canonist Hostiensis (Henricus de Segusio), and of Jacobus de Ravanis (Jacques de Revigny), who taught at Orléans. His great fame as a professor of civil law at the University of Bologna caused Balduinus to be elected podestà of the city of Genoa, where he was entrusted with the reforms of the law of the Genoese Republic.

The name bullarium seems to have been invented by the canonist Laertius Cherobini who in 1586 published under the title "Bullarium, sive Collectio diversarum Constitutionum multorum Pontificum". It was a large folio volume of 1404 pages containing 922 papal constitutions from Gregory VII down to Sixtus V, the pope then reigning. With regard to this and all subsequent collections, three things have carefully to be borne in mind. First, whatever may have been the intrinsic importance or binding force of any of the bulls so published, the selection itself was a matter that depended entirely upon the arbitrary choice of the various editors.

Among other compilations at the end of the twelfth and the beginning of the 13th century the following deserve special attention: "Appendix concilii Lateranensis III"; the collections known as "Bambergensis" (Bamberg), "Lipsiensis" (Leipzig), "Casselana" (Cassel) "Halensis" (Halle), and "Lucensis" (Lucca), so named from the libraries it which the manuscripts of these collections were found; the collection of the Italian Benedictine Rainerus Pomposianus, that of the English canonist Gilbert (Collectio Gilberti), that of his countryman Alanus, professor at Bologna (Collectio Alani) and that of the Spaniard Bernard of Compostella. But soon the new era of official collections began to dawn.

The best- known, previous to the 19th century, are those of the brothers Pithou (Paris, 1687), Freiesleben (Prague, 1728) and the Protestant canonist Böhmer (Halle- Magdeburg, 1747). The text of the latter edition differs from that of the Roman edition of 1582, and does not therefore possess practical utility. The edition of Richter (Leipzig, 1833–39) avoids this defect and is valuable for its critical notes. The edition of Friedberg (Leipzig, 1879–81) does not reproduce the text of the Roman edition for the "Decree" of Gratian, but gives the Roman text of the other collections.

Suffield was a canonist at Paris before his election to the see of Norwich about 9 July 1244. He was consecrated on 26 February 1245.British History Online Bishops of Norwich accessed on 29 October 2007 He was an eloquent preacher, and showed generosity to the poor (during one famine, even selling some of his own goods in order to provide them with food).Lewin, "A medieval occupational pension" (2017) Suffield's plaque in Bishopgate, Norwich, NR1 1AA In 1249, he founded St. Giles's Hospital in Norwich (which remains in use as the Great Hospital to this day) to provide care for the poor.

Immediately on his accession he attempted to reconcile the Kings of France and England, but failed. Gregory confirmed a treaty between Sicily and Naples at Villeneuve-lès-Avignon on 20 August 1372, which brought about a permanent settlement between the rival kingdoms, which were both papal fiefs. Johannes Klenkok's Decadicon, that he wrote against the Sachsenspiegel law-book was submitted to Pope Gregory XI in the early part of the 1370s by French canonist and cardinal of the Curia Pierre de la Vergne. Gregory formally condemned fourteen articles of the Sachsenspiegel in the papal bull Salvator Humani Generis in 1374Ocker, p.

Diverse juridical methods were developed as a means of avoiding personal loss from entering into in solidum agreements. Amongst these was the forming of societates (societies) or partnerships which were created by mutual consent and characterised by a binding commitment to fraternitas (fraternity) and established prior to entering into in solidum agreements. The eminent canonist, Eugenio Corecco has suggested that in solidum in the context of parochial care, analogously reflects the diverse but still collective responsibility of all the members of the presbyterium of a particular Church.Cf. “The possibility of conferring one or more parishes to several priests in solidum (can.

Cavagnis was born in Bordogna, which today falls within the Commune of Roncobello, in the Diocese of Bergamo. After a course in the Pontifical Roman Seminary he received the doctorate in philosophy, theology, and in civil and canon law. Pope Leo XIII named him professor of public ecclesiastical law in the Roman Seminary in 1880, a position which he retained for fifteen years, during which time he proved himself an eminent canonist, especially in all that related to the constitution of the Church and its relations with civil society. The Roman congregations vied with one another in securing his services.

The contemporary curial document Factum Urbani attests to the general atmosphere of confusion, fear, and panic. For example, canonist Gilles Bellemère recounts removing his clerical garb for fear of the mob and the constant ringing of bells. Pro-Urban sources—such as Alfonso de Jaén, the confessor of Bridget of Sweden, her daughter Catharine, and Dietrich of Nieheim—claim that the situation in Rome was less restless. The marked discrepancy between the classes of sources can be explained by the fact that the alleged duress of the mob became the primary argument in favor of the legitimacy of the Avignon claimants.

In response to the request of the bishops at the First Vatican Council, Pope Pius X ordered the creation of a general Roman Catholic canon law codification, which did not exist at that time. He entrusted Pietro Gasparri, who was aided in the work by Giacomo della Chiesa (the future Benedict XV) and Eugenio Pacelli (the future Pius XII). Perhaps the ablest canonist in the Roman Curia at the time, the work of codification, simplification, and modernization of canon law was for the most part the work of Gasparri.McCormick, Vatican Journal, p. 44 (entry from January 2, 1927).

His brother Jean-Joseph Petit-Didier, a Jesuit theologian and canonist, was born at Saint- Nicolas-du-Port in Lorraine, on 23 October 1664; and died at Pont-à-Mousson, on 10 August 1756. Entering the Society of Jesus, 16 May 1683, he was professed 2 February 1698, and taught belles-lettres, philosophy, and canon law at Strasburg from 1694 to 1701, and theology at Pont-à-Mousson from 1704 to 1708. About 1730 he became the spiritual director of Duchess Elizabeth- Charlotte of Lorraine. A few years later he returned to the Jesuit house at Saint-Nicolas where he spent the remainder of his life.

Leopold Leonhard was the youngest of twelve children from the first marriage of Johann Joseph Count von Thun and Hohenstein with Maria Christiana Countess of Hohenzollern and Hechingen. Thun had been a canonist in Passau since 1768 and received priest ordination in Leitmeritz on 10 September 1771. In 1787 he became a cathedral capitular in Passau. In 1795 he was appointed a Dompropst, and on 29 May 1796 he became auxiliary bishop and vicar general. After the death of his cousin, the prince- bishop Thomas Johann Graf von Thun and Hohenstein, he was elected by the chapter of the cathedral on 13 December 1796 as his successor.

He has many times sent on behalf of Polish kings to the papal curia in Avignon. He held many church dignities, including a canonist from Wrocław (from 1326), from Gniezno (from 1327) and from Cracow (from 1334). In 1347 he was appointed by Pope Clement VI as the Bishop of Poznań,Hierarchia Catholica, Volume 1, Page 408, and Page 539 which he did not take over as a result of counteracting King Casimir the Great, unwilling to accept the papal candidates. Therefore, in the following year he was appointed by the Pope a bishop of Sverige, where he efficiently managed the diocese for the next years.

Pierre Mathieu (Petrus Matthæus), a canonist of the sixteenth century, published in 1690, under the title of "Septimus Liber Decretalium" ('Seventh Book of Decretals'), a collection of canons arranged according to the order of the papal Decretals of Gregory IX, containing some Decretals of preceding popes, especially of those from the reign of Sixtus IV (1464–71) to that of Sixtus V, in 1590. It was an entirely private collection and devoid of scientific value. Some editions of the "Corpus Juris Canonici" (Frankfort, 1590; Lyons 1621 and 1671; Justus Henning Boehmer's edition, Halle, 1747) contained the text of this "Liber septimus" as an appendix.

In 1633 he became titular Cathedral-Prior of Canterbury. Beyond a circular letter to the English Benedictines about their relations with the Vicar Apostolic of England, none of his writings survive. According to Dom Ralph Weldon, Barlow was looked on as a leading theologian and canonist; and effectively opposed Richard Smith, who claimed leadership of the English Roman Catholics, in becoming Bishop of Chalcedon. On the death of William Bishop, the first Vicar Apostolic of England, Barlow was consulted by the pope as to the best successor, and recommended Smith; but later he differed on the question of the extent of the vicar's jurisdiction.

Bernard of Compostella (Bernardus Compostellanus Junior or Modernus) lived in the middle of the thirteenth century, called Compostellanus from the fact that he possessed an ecclesiastical benefice in Compostella. He was known also as Brigantius from his birthplace in Galicia, Spain; later of Monte Mirato, Bernard was chaplain to pope Innocent IV, a noted canonist. At Innocent's exhortation he wrote a work entitled Margarita, an index of Innocent's Apparatus, or commentary on the five books of the Decretals of Gregory IX. The Margarita was published in Paris, 1516. Bernard was the first to write a commentary on the constitutions of Innocent IV (not published).

It is in Patrologia Latina, LXXXVIII, 829 sqq. One of its best manuscripts, the tenth-century Vallicellianus (Rome), has a note in which Cresconius is declared the author of a metrical poem called "Bella et victorias" by the "Patricius" Johannes in Africa about the Saracens. This was formerly interpreted to mean the African victory of the Byzantine Patricius Johannes in 697, hence the usual date of Cresconius. Some, however, hold that the poem in question is the Johannis of Flavius Cresconius Corippus, a Latin poet of about 550, and on this basis identify him with the canonist, thus placing the latter in the sixth century.

It has all the ordinary elements of a mature legal system: laws, courts, lawyers, judges,Edward N. Peters, "A Catechist's Introduction to Canon Law", CanonLaw.info, accessed June-11-2013 a fully articulated legal code for the Latin ChurchManual of Canon Law, pg. 49 as well as a code for the Eastern Catholic Churches, principles of legal interpretation, and coercive penalties.St. Joseph Foundation newsletter, Vol. 30 No. 7, pg. 3 It lacks civilly-binding force in most secular jurisdictions. Those who are versed and skilled in canon law, and professors of canon law, are called canonistsBlack's Law Dictionary, 5th Edition, pg. 187: "Canonist" (or colloquially, canon lawyers).

While the resistance of the Greek- speaking bishops collapsed, those from the Latin-speaking world, such as Dacius of Milan and Facundus, who were then at Constantinople, stood firm. Their general attitude is represented in two letters still extant. The first is from an African bishop named Pontianus, in which he entreats the emperor to withdraw the Three Chapters on the ground that their condemnation struck at the Council of Chalcedon. The other is that of the Carthaginian deacon, Ferrandus; his opinion as a most learned canonist was asked by the Roman deacons Pelagius (afterwards pope, at this time a strong defender of the Three Chapters) and Anatolius.

John was also stripped of his offices in Languedoc at that time. Berry and Burgundy bided their time, and were soon able to retake power, in 1392, when the King had his first attack of insanity, an affliction which would remain with him throughout his life. The two royal dukes continued to rule until 1402, when the king, in one of his moments of lucidity, took power from them and gave it to his brother Louis, Duke of Orléans. Simon of Cramaud, a canonist and prelate, served the Duke in his efforts to find a way to end the Great Western schism that was not unfavorable to French interests.

Under Leo VI (), the restrictions were lifted, but the patriarch Alexios Stoudites decided that this relaxation had led to many abuses and deprived bishops of much of control over the clergy and diocesan properties; in 1028, he forbade the use of eukteria for any service apart from the liturgy. Theodore Balsamon, the leading 12th-century Byzantine canonist, upheld the right of patrons to have regular liturgies and baptisms in their eukteria, but he was against the idea of anyone using a religious institution for his personal financial advantage. According to him, an eukterios oikos was a church that lacked consecration through chrismation, deposition of martyr relics, and enthronement of the officiating prelate.

Pedro Lombardía (Córdoba, 1930-Pamplona, 1986) was a Spanish canonist and pioneer of the Study of State Ecclesiastical Law in Spain. He held the chairs of Canon Law and State Ecclesiastical Law at the University of Navarra and the Complutense University of Madrid. Lombardía was the founder of the School of Lombardía, a group of canonists who advocated for a methodological modernization of canon law. Lombardía and his followers shared an interest of overcoming the exegetical method to and replace by the systematic approach with the Italian School of Canon Law but disagree with their theory of canonizatio according to which the ultimate criteria of unity of the canonic order is in the acts of the ecclesiastical authority.

Village Lawyer by Pieter Brueghel the Younger, 1621 After the fall of the western Roman Empire and the onset of the Early Middle Ages, the legal profession of Western Europe collapsed. As James Brundage has explained: "[by 1140], no one in Western Europe could properly be described as a professional lawyer or a professional canonist in anything like the modern sense of the term 'professional.' "James A. Brundage, "The Rise of the Professional Jurist in the Thirteenth Century," 20 Syracuse J. Int'l L. & Com. 185 (1994). However, from 1150 onward, a small but increasing number of men became experts in canon law but only in furtherance of other occupational goals, such as serving the Roman Catholic Church as priests.

Early in the 11th century this school became famous under the direction of Marbodus, later Bishop of Rennes, and of Ulger, later Bishop of Angers, both pupils of the renowned canonist, Fulbert de Chartres. It was enlarged in 1229 by an influx of students, many of them Englishmen, from the University of Paris, who sought in Angers a shelter from the direct control of the King of France. Angers then became a center for the study of civil law, and a "studium generale," although it was officially recognized as such by an Episcopal ordinance only in 1337. In 1364 it received from King Charles V a charter granting the same privileges as those enjoyed by the University of Orleans.

He was appointed Consultor of the Sacred Congregations of Bishops and Regulars, of the Council, and of Studies; Consultor and Secretary of the Congregation of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs; Canonist of the Sacred Penitentiary; and member of the Commission for the Codification of Canon Law. In all these offices he left traces of his acuteness and skill in handling arduous and delicate questions. Austria, Spain, and Portugal honoured him with titles and distinctions, while the sovereign pontiff made him successively canon of several Roman basilicas, rector of the Roman Seminary, Domestic Prelate, and finally, 18 April 1901, raised him to the cardinalate as Cardinal-Deacon of Santa Maria ad Martyres. Cavagnis died in Rome at the age of 65.

In his De Servorum Dei beatificatione et de Beatorum canonizatione of five volumes the eminent canonist Prospero Lambertini (1675–1758), who later became Pope Benedict XIV, elaborated on the procedural norms of Pope Urban VIII's Apostolic letter Caelestis Hierusalem cives of 1634 and Decreta servanda in beatificatione et canonizatione Sanctorum of 1642, and on the conventional practice of the time. His work published from 1734 to 1738 governed the proceedings until 1917. The article "Beatification and canonization process in 1914" describes the procedures followed until the promulgation of the Codex of 1917. The substance of De Servorum Dei beatifιcatione et de Beatorum canonizatione was incorporated into the Codex Iuris Canonici (Code of Canon Law) of 1917,Aimable Musoni, "Saints without Borders", pp. 9–10.

The National Conference of Bishops of Brazil repudiated Sobrinho's initiative. At a press conference, Bishop Dimas Lara Barbosa, Secretary General of the Conference, said that the girl's mother was not excommunicated, since she had acted under pressure to save her daughter's life, and that there were no grounds to declare the doctors excommunicated, because (automatic) excommunication depended on each one's degree of awareness and only those who were "aware and contumacious" were excommunicated. At the press conference, a document on excommunication written by canonist Enrique Pérez Pujol, who stressed that the penalty should not be applied amid a polemic, was distributed to journalists. Archbishop Geraldo Lyrio Rocha, President of the Conference, avoided answering a question whether Sobrinho had acted hastily in saying that automatic excommunication had occurred.

After the Council of Trent, an attempt to secure a new official collection of church laws was made about 1580, when Gregory XIII charged three cardinals with the task. The work continued during the pontificate of Sixtus V, was accomplished under Clement VIII and was printed (Rome, 1598) as: Sanctissimi Domini nostri Clementis papæ VIII Decretales, sometimes also Septimus liber Decretalium. This collection, never approved either by Clement VIII or by Paul V, was edited (Freiburg, 1870) by Sentis. In 1557 the Italian canonist Paul Lancelottus attempted unsuccessfully to secure from Paul IV, for the four books of his Institutiones juris canonici (Rome, 1563), an authority equal to that which its model, the Institutiones of Emperor Justinian, once enjoyed in the Roman Empire.

As the Greek historian Konstantinos Varzos has noted, the capture of Ohrid, seat of the eponymous archbishopric, was particularly important for the standing of the Epirote state and Theodore's aspirations. Theodore sponsored the election of the distinguished canonist Chomatianos to the archiepiscopal throne in 1217, and Chomatianos would repay that support with his steadfast championing of Epirote claims to the Byzantine imperial inheritance vis-à-vis the rival claims of Nicaea. 13th-century fresco portrait of Stefan II Nemanjić, from the Mileševa monastery Following the Fourth Crusade, the Orthodox clergy in the two main Greek states, Epirus and Nicaea, had effectively become separated. In 1208, the Nicaeans had convened a synod and elected Michael Autoreianos as successor to the vacant see of the Patriarch of Constantinople.

The Ballerini brothers became famous throughout Italy, and in 1748 Peter was chosen by the senate of Venice to serve as its canonist in Rome in a dispute over the Patriarchate of Aquileia. He attracted the attention of Pope Benedict XIV, who commissioned him to prepare an edition of St. Leo's works in refutation of the defective one published by Quesnel. After almost nine years of labour in which he enjoyed free access to all the libraries of Rome, Pietro brought out his work in three volumes (Rome, 1753–57) reproducing the entire edition of Quesnel together with elaborate refutations and additions (Migne, Patrologia Latina, LIV-LVI). The third volume is a profound study of the sources of canon law.

This is the doctrine of "strict mental reservation", by which the speaker mentally adds some qualification to the words which they utter, and the words together with the mental qualification make a true assertion in accordance with fact. Navarrus gave the doctrine of mental reservation a far broader and more liberal interpretation than had anyone up to that time. Although some other Catholic theological thinkers and writers took up the argument in favor of strict mental reservation, canonist Paul Laymann opposed it; the concept remained controversial within the Roman Catholic Church, which never officially endorsed or upheld the doctrine and eventually condemned as formulated by Sanchez by Pope Innocent XI in 1679. After this condemnation by the Holy See no Catholic theologian has defended the lawfulness of strict mental reservations.

P. Jaffé and S. Loewenfeld, Regesta pontificum romanorum I, second edition (Leipzig 1885), p. 777, no. 6647. Zaccaria, pp. 107-108. Other bishops are: John (946), who restored the cathedral and embellished the tomb of St. Peter Chrysologus; Ridolfo (1146) and Enrico (1174), who suffered for their adherence to Pope Alexander III, Enrico laid the foundations of the present cathedral, finished in 1271 under Bishop Sinibaldo; Pietro Ondedei (1416), a distinguished canonist and theologian; the Dominican Gaspare Sighigelli (1450), learned and saintly; Girolamo Dandini (1546), formerly nuncio at Paris, founder of an orphan asylum; Francesco Guarini (1566), the founder of the seminary; Cardinal Filippo Antonio Gualterio (1702), founder of a mone frumentario to supply the poor peasant with seed; and Cardinal Giovanni Carlo Bandi (1752), who rebuilt the cathedral and the basilica of Valentinian.

In 1854, the degree of Doctor of Both Laws was conferred upon him by order of Pope Pius IX. Returning to Paris in 1855, he continued his studies, and added to the series of treatises which established his fame as a canonist. He founded at Arras, in 1860, the Revue des sciences ecclésiastiques, of which he was for one year the editor. In 1864, just as his anti-Gallican opinions were about to subject him to new rigours at the hands of Monseigneur Darboy, Bouix was named Vicar- General of the Diocese of Versailles. The next year, when the royal exequatur came up for discussion in the French Senate, and Archbishop Darboy advocated there the Gallican view, Bouix answered with a publication which contested the correctness of the archbishop's contentions.

All major theological and ecclesiastical disputes in the Christian East or West have been commonly accompanied by attempts of arguing sides to deny each other the right to use the word "Catholic" as term of self-designation. After the acceptance of Filioque clause into the Nicene Creed by the Rome, Orthodox Christians in the East started to refer to adherents of Filioquism in the West just as "Latins" considering them no longer to be "Catholics". The dominant view in the Eastern Orthodox Church, that all Western Christians who accepted Filioque interpolation and unorthodox Pneumatology ceased to be Catholics, was held and promoted by famous Eastern Orthodox canonist Theodore Balsamon who was patriarch of Antioch. He wrote in 1190: On the other side of the widening rift, Eastern Orthodox were considered by western theologians to be Schismatics.

He was the author of two commentaries on the Rule of St. Benedict; in one, written when he was Abbot of St. Chinian, he deals with the Rule from the point of view of the canonist; in the other, written in the Sacro Speco at Subiaco when he was Bishop of Orvieto, he deals with it more from the point of view of the ascetic. He dedicated the later commentary to Charles V, King of France. He also wrote a commentary on the Constitution "Pastor bonus" of Benedict XII; "Speculum Monachorum"; "De Signis locutionum"; "Notæ in Damasi Pontificale" (an annotated copy of the "Liber Pontificalis", likewise dedicated to Charles V); and began at Rouen in 1379 a treatise on the question of calling a general council with a view to ending the schism then distracting the Church. This treatise remained unfinished.

This Biblical history met with great success, as witnessed by the large number of manuscripts, by the mention of his name in all the libraries of the Middle Ages, and the lists of classical books for the universities and schools. The quotations and eulogies where the author was named (cf. the canonist Huguccio, about 1190) and its numerous translations, the first written by the Flemish poet Jacob van Maerlant († c. 1288) and finished on March 25, 1271: Scolastica in dietschen better known as Rijmbijbel, but most of all the Bible Historiale in French. In the fifteenth century, the work was still in great demand, as can be seen by the editions made before 1500 of the Latin text, or of the French translation.Strasburg, 1469, 1483, 1485, 1847; Reutlingen, 1473; Lyons, 1478; Basle, 1486; Paris 1487, etc. MignePatrologia Latina CXCVIII, 1053–1844. reproduces the Madrid edition of 1699.

He was named as the first auditor of the Grand Duke of Tuscany but declined instead accepting a position as advocate. In 1721, he earned the title prelature Amadori (defender of the causes of the poor) and thereafter was known as Lanfredini-Amadori. In 1724, he delivered the oration for the funeral of Pope Innocent XIII; and in 1730, the oration De eligendo Pontifice for the election of the new Pontiff Clement XII. Lanfredini was ordained on March 16, 1727 by Pope Benedict XIII. He was appointed successively as Relator of the Sacred Congregation of Good Government, Auditor of the Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, Canonist of the Apostolic Penitentiary (1728), Secretary of the Sacred Congregation of the Tridentine Council (1730), Canon of the patriarchal Vatican basilica (1730), Voter of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature (1731), Datary of the Apostolic Penitentiary (1733) and later regent.

Before the arrival of West Syriac tradition, Malankara Nazranis were following East Syriac Tradition and we can see the influence of East Syriac tradition in liturgy and Malayalam language. Words like Mar, Qurbana are of East Syriac tradition and the corresponding West Syriac words are Mor, Qurbono, etc. We can still see the use of East Syriac words like Mar, Qurbana in Malankara churches. Churches that still have the east Syriac tradition are the Syro-Malabar Church and the Chaldean Syrian Church. The East Syriac Prelate, Mar Yuhanon signed on behalf of the Churches of Persia and India at the first organized gathering of Christianity, the Synod of Nicea was held in 325 AD. The East Syriac Canonist Ibn Tayyib says ‘In the time of Catholicose Mar Ishaq (309-410) the Metropolitanates of Fars and Meru and in the time of Mar Ishu Yab-I/ II/ III (582-660) Halwan, Harat, Samarkhand, India and, China were created’.

After a brief stint lecturing at the University of Exeter, Reuter spent more than a decade as a Mitarbeiter (academic staff member) at the Monumenta Germaniae Historica in Munich, where he worked on editing the letters of the twelfth-century abbot Wibald of Corvey and (with Dr. Gabriel Silagi) produced an important electronic database that served as the basis for a concordance to the work of the medieval canonist Gratian. In 1994, Reuter was appointed to a professorship at the University of Southampton, where he remained until his death in 2002. At Southampton, he spearheaded a number of educational and research initiatives that promoted medieval history and scholarship. In addition to his careful and insightful research, pioneering work on computer-assisted text editing methods and professional contributions to the historical academy in the UK and Germany, Reuter served as an important liaison between the worlds of Anglo-American and German medieval studies.

St. Gengulphus, martyr in the eighth century; Venerable Gerard Voinchet (1640–95), canon regular of the Congregation of St. Geneviève in Paris; Venerable Jeanne Mance (1606–73); Venerable Mariet, a priest who died in 1704; and Venerable Joseph Urban Hanipaux, a Jesuit. The latter three were natives of the diocese and celebrated for their apostolic labors in Canada. The diocese was also the birthplace of the theologian Nicolas de Clémenges (fourteenth or fifteenth century), who was canon and treasurer of the Church of Langres; of the Gallican canonist Edmond Richer (1560-1631); of the Jesuit Pierre Lemoine, author of an epic poem on St. Louis and of the work "La dévotion aisée" (1602–71); and of the philosopher Diderot (1713–84). The historian Raoul Glaber, monk of Cluny Abbey who died in 1050, was at the priory of St. Léger in this diocese when he was touched by Divine grace on the occasion of an apparition.

In 1400 he entered the Order of St. Benedict; he was sent (1405-6) to the University of Bologna to study under Zabarella; in 1411 he became a doctor of canon law, and taught successively at Parma (1412–18), Siena (1419–30), and Bologna (1431–32). Meanwhile, in 1425, he was made abbot of the monastery of Maniace, near Messina, whence his name "Abbas", to which has been added "modernus" or "recentior" (in order to distinguish him from "Abbas antiquus", a thirteenth- century canonist who died about 1288); he is also known as "Abbas Siculus" on account of his Sicilian origin. In 1433 he went to Rome where he exercised the functions of auditor of the Rota and Apostolic referendary. The following year he relinquished these offices and placed himself at the service of Alfonso V of Aragon, King of Sicily, obtaining the See of Palermo, whence his Latin name "Panormitanus" (Palermo in Latin is Panormus).

On the night of Holy Thursday, it is said, he was preaching in the church of St. Pierre du Queyroix, when he stopped for a moment and remained silent. At the same instant he appeared in the choir of the Franciscan monastery and read a lesson. It was doubtlessly at Châteauneuf in the territory of Limoges that took place the celebrated apparition of the Infant Jesus to St. Anthony. Mention must also be made of the following natives of Limoges: Bernard Guidonis (1261–1313), born at La Roche d'Abeille, Bishop of Lodève and a celebrated canonist; the Aubusson family, one of whom, Pierre d'Aubusson (1483–1503), was Grand Master of the Order of Jerusalem and one of the defenders of Rhodes against the Ottomans; Marc Antoine Muret, called the "Orator of the Popes" (1526–1596). Three popes came from the Diocese of Limoges: Pierre Roger, born at Maumont (today part of the commune of Rosiers-d'Égletons), elected pope in 1342 as Clement VI, died in 1352; Etienne Albert, or Étienne d'Albret, born at Monts, elevated to the papacy in 1352 as Innocent VI, died in 1362.