Check it out: red Brembo calipers...and red interior highlights ... ... or blue calipers and blue highlights ... Nothing over-the-top, of course.
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That means there's a direct link between the brake calipers and your foot.
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Beefier six-piston calipers are available for those who prize extra stopping power.
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In any case, the researchers "gently" checked the babies' body fat with tiny calipers.
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The big, 21-inch wheels sport a nice spot of orange on the brake calipers.
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My tester's 19-inch forged allow wheels concealed vented-disc Brembo brakes, with red calipers.
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The 20-inch,10-Spoke Style "Satin Grey Diamond Turned Wheels" hide red brake calipers.
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My tester had 22-inch split-spoke wheels ($1,530) and some hefty brake calipers in red.
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The wheels on my tester were gorgeous, and the yellow brake calipers were a cool touch.
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The golden wheel decorations, bronze brake calipers, and elongated taillights cohere beautifully with the red color scheme.
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I was able to use calipers and take direct measurements that helped me scale the piece down right.
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Stopping power is delivered with front dual 290mm x 73mm floating rotors, with twin two-piston sliding calipers.
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There also are striking red brake calipers barely hidden behind 21-inch wheels, with 22-inch alloy wheels available.
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With his calipers in hand, Phinney declared that the type was just five points tall—and printed gray on black.
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The model features detailed, orange bodywork, red suspension springs, detailed headlights, taillights, brake calipers and rims with low-profile tires.
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After all, we no longer believe you can determine someone's personality by measuring their skull with a pair of calipers.
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But at $149, the 01 is dramatically more expensive than a tape measure, ruler, or even a good pair of calipers.
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Our Cayenne Turbo tester had 21-inch wheels and some seriously beefy brake calipers to aid in controlling its nearly 5,000 lbs.
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Despite working in a mostly digital environment, most of the tools he uses while designing—rulers, calipers, and, yes, tape measures—are still analog.
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A challenge for the teams is that the brake calipers, made of the aluminum alloy, have a different heat resistance than the carbon discs.
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We had body weight, which anyone could measure with a scale, and occasionally things like body calipers to sort of approximate lean body mass.
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Calipers just didn't give me enough confidence to get up on my own or walk more than a few meters away from the exercise rails.
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Dozens of the deconstructed warheads, awaiting modification, lie in a dark annex, and a long table with calipers and small tubs of homemade propellant stands nearby.
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In addition to the equipment needed for those three processes, the camera-making required a variety of measurement tools like digital calipers, machinist squares, and micrometers.
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The thin red aluminum lines running along the sides of the Bianco Sestriere Battista in Geneva blend perfectly with the red brake calipers and the tail lights.
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The differences between the groups could have been down to the fact that skinfold calipers, which aren't very accurate, were used to track changes in body composition.
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He'd measure each tumor with calipers and mark the results on his gridded paper, then move to cage B and find the same thing, mice with growing tumors.
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On the outside, the Rapide E mostly resembles the combustion engine car it's based on, save for some electric blue accents in the headlights and on the brake calipers.
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For "Method Two" Minter has removed the head and rearranged the other elements: the boat and calipers now hover above the island, interrupting, as it were, a classic Maine landscape.
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Here it is again, at the hub of a 20-inch Carrera S "Platinum Satin" wheel, If you looks closely, you can also see the ventilated discs and stout brake calipers.
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In "Method One," the calipers hang over the skull of an African-American woman seen in silhouette, her head a mottled blue mass that appears to be dissolving at the top.
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"Paper thin" is not measured by tiny calipers, but by lathe operators shaving off golden ribbons and checking to make sure their work falls within a certain range on digital scales.
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Rosberg himself nearly had to retire from the Australian race because his brake calipers were overheating while he was in the lead and only his team engineers were aware of the problem.
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BMW said it is not aware of any accidents caused by this issue and said the recall, which started in July, was triggered by a supplier delivering potentially faulty rear brake calipers.
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And the golden headlights are more than just a way to draw the color of the painted brake calipers to the front of the car, they're meant to represent the "golden era" of BMW.
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The shift towards regenerative brakes, which are connected to the electronic brain of electric cars, could also reduce the amount carmakers and consumers are willing to spend on the traditional calipers, pads and discs, analysts say.
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She also points out that it's important to keep other variables similar too, like measuring your body composition around the same time of day each time, or having the same trainer operate the calipers for you.
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I told her it was about so big around, holding my arms in a circle, which she measured with forensic calipers, and about this long, holding my hands a certain distance apart, which she also measured.
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It will come with special "First Edition" labels, brushed aluminum pedals, red brake calipers, and be available in a bright blue paint job that Ford won't offer on most other versions of the Mustang Mach-E.
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Audi says it will sell 26 "first edition" versions for $2300,260 that features bigger 25.5-inch wheels, a special gray paint scheme, bright orange brake calipers, black leather interior, and a night vision camera in the dash.
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The researchers visited these infants in their homes when the babies were 3, 6, 9 and 12 months old, weighing and measuring the children, gently checking their body fat with calipers and fitting them with tiny accelerometers.
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Critics of Kosinski's work accuse him of replacing the calipers of the 193th century with the neural networks of the 219st, while the professor himself says he is horrified by his findings, and happy to be proved wrong.
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Using a pair of calipers, he studied the physical attributes of prison inmates and found eleven measures unlikely to alter with age or a change in weight, such as sitting height, arm span, and the length and breadth of the head.
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Two of the paintings, "Method One" and "Method Two," feature the sinister calipers used by advocates of eugenics, referencing the well-documented racism that played a role in the state's decision to remove the islanders and institutionalize several of them.
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A couple of months after my injury I was already learning how to walk in a spinal injury rehab center in Aylesbury, England – on crutches and calipers or full-leg braces that prevent the knee from bending and stabilize the foot.
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My Q50 tester had all manner of fun stuff going on, from 19-inch aluminum-allow wheels to hawt red brake calipers, showy dual exhaust ports, and a carbon-finer decklid spoiler sharing the exterior with carbon-fiber side-view mirrors.
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While fire codes dictate that much of the Piccini family's production occurs off-site, Ms. Gambineri still works daily at a 19th-century jeweler's bench bristling with drills, wads of wax, calipers, wire spools, chalk molds and rubber-handled pliers.
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Because China's done the math, taken out its calipers and sextants, and made sure the features they've built into islands (and their EEZs) form a loose patchwork quilt in the sea that defines almost unbroken ownership of the entire South China Sea.
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It is rich in acute intelligence about dance ("Dance is only a symbol, not the real thing," he wrote about the importance of order), pungent observations (Bausch, he wrote, danced "like calipers across paper") and memorable narrations of the serious and absurd moments of Mr. Taylor's life.
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While a short video in the exhibition shows her measuring a Malaysian sitter's head with calipers, the show emphasizes her differences with scholars like the British anthropologist Sir Arthur Keith, a leading exponent of the idea of racial typologies (and the model for Hoffman's bust exemplifying the craggy Scot).
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Detecting fraud via fonts isn't as sexy as sleuthing art forgery; it often involves tedious measurements with digital calipers, examinations under loupes and microscopes, charts that track the slight differences between two versions of the Times Roman face, or evidence that a particular form of office printer didn't exist at the document's dated execution.
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It also had an all-glass panoramic roof for $2,000, a subzero package priced at $1,000, and was capped off by the $3,500 premium upgrades package like a battery range upgrade, red brake calipers, and my favorite nifty feature: Bio-Weapon Defense Mode, which is an air-filtration system salve for allergy-sufferers like me, who are often sneezing at the wheel.
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"The Engineer's Lover" is among the most Chirico-esque of Carrà's images, with its deep blue sky and still life arrangement of a drafting triangle and a pair of calipers on one side and a rod on the other, along with a classical-looking bust of a woman's head, evidently the eponymous lover, teetering with eyes closed on an unnaturally elongated neck.
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The team, which is based out of Gurgaon near New Delhi, is using computer vision and machine learning technology to fully automate the laborious task of measuring crop output and quality — speeding up what can be a very manual and time-consuming process to quantify plant traits, often involving tools like calipers and weighing scales, toward the goal of developing higher-yielding, more disease-resistant crop varieties.
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The skinfold calipers are spring-loaded. Holtain skinfold calipers are marked with 0.2 mm gradation, Lange calipers with 0.5 mm gradation. The measurement is taken with the person standing upright, with arms hanging down loosely. The skin fold is pulled away from the muscle and measured with the calipers, taking a reading 4 seconds after the calipers have been released.
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The more powerful brake system employed vented front discs and four-piston calipers instead of the previous versions two-piston calipers. The rear brakes were ventilated discs replacing the previous solid discs, and two-piston calipers replacing single-piston calipers. The calipers are painted red with the SUBARU name in white overlain. The US-spec STIs receive the same facelift as the Japanese-spec STIs.
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This is a greater problem with a caliper incorporating a wheel, which lends mechanical advantage. This is especially the case with digital calipers, calipers out of adjustment, or calipers with a poor quality beam. Simple calipers are uncalibrated; the measurement taken must be compared against a scale. Whether the scale is part of the caliper or not, all analog calipers—verniers and dials—require good eyesight in order to achieve the highest precision.
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Digital calipers have the advantage in this area. Calibrated calipers may be mishandled, leading to loss of zero. When a calipers' jaws are fully closed, it should, of course, indicate zero. If it does not, it must be recalibrated or repaired.
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The brakes have Brembo 6-piston calipers at the front and 4-piston calipers at the rear. The rotors are carbon ceramic units provided by Surface Transforms.
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The F1 features unassisted, vented and cross-drilled brake discs made by Brembo. Front size is and at the rear . The calipers are all four-pot, opposed piston types, and are made of aluminium. The rear brake calipers do not feature any handbrake functionality, however there is a mechanically actuated, fist-type calipers which is computer controlled and thus serves as a handbrake.
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The measurements may be taken with dial calipers or digital calipers. Various devices are used to position the animal while the measurement is being taken, such as a snake tube, "Mander Masher", or a "Salamander Stick".
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This allows for improved high-speed stability and better performance in wet conditions. The car is fitted with brake discs with four-piston AP calipers at the front and discs with two-piston calipers at the rear.
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The carbon ceramic brakes were optional on the SLS AMG Standard brakes are (front) and (rear) cast iron disc brakes with 6-piston aluminium (front) and 4-piston (rear) calipers. Optional on the SLS AMG are carbon- ceramic disc brakes. discs with 6-piston aluminium calipers (front) and discs with 4-piston calipers (rear). These brakes provide increased stopping power with a 40% weight reduction compared to the standard braking system.
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The brakes used in the car have ventilated discs with 4-piston calipers at the front and ventilated discs with 2-piston calipers at the rear. The aluminium calipers feature Alpina lettering with classic Alpina Blue colour. The suspension system is mostly based on the donor car but features adjustable dampers and Eibach springs which are 45 percent more stiffer. The system also features Alpina specific roll bars.
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The Viper V10 engine generated the same power output at 6,200 rpm and of torque at 5,000 rpm as in all other Viper trims. The brakes were from Brembo, with discs and calipers built specifically for the car. The discs were now carbon ceramic, a first for the Viper series. The braking system contains discs with 6-piston calipers up front, and discs with 4-piston calipers down the rear.
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Each of the above types of calipers has its relative merits and faults. Vernier calipers are rugged and have long lasting accuracy, are coolant proof, are not affected by magnetic fields, and are largely shock proof. They may have both centimeter and inch scales. However, vernier calipers require good eyesight or a magnifying glass to read and can be difficult to read from a distance or from awkward angles.
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Calipers consist of two parallel arms one of which is fixed and the other able to slide along a scale. Calipers are held at right-angles to the trunk with the arms on either side of the trunk. Precision can be improved on non-circular stems by averaging two caliper measurements taken at right-angles. Electronic calipers are also available enabling highly accurate measurements to be taken and stored for further analysis.
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The brake discs are carbon ceramic, which reduces a significant from the unsprung weight. At the front, there are ventilated and drilled brakes with 6-piston alloy monobloc calipers. At the back, there are ventilated and drilled brakes with 4-piston alloy monobloc calipers.
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The car uses forged Shelby/Baer brakes with 6 piston calipers and cross drilled/vented rotors.
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In vehicles with rear disc brakes, the parking brake either actuates the disc calipers (with much less force) or a small drum brake housed within the hub assembly (the inner circumference of the disc is often used instead of a separate drum). This secondary drum parking brake is often referred to as a banksia brake. It is usually used in conjunction with rear disc brakes employing multi-piston calipers, as mechanically actuating these calipers is more difficult than single piston calipers. Another less common setup for rear discs is the use of a separate, smaller, cable actuated caliper (such as the Wilwood MC4), which is used exclusively for the parking brake.
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The front brakes were also new. Suzuki decided to drop the six-piston calipers. The new radially mounted four-piston calipers weigh 30 grams less and grip smaller discs that save another . Though smaller, Suzuki claimed that the new brakes provide better stopping and turn-in performance.
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Due to this permanent physical impairment, he is unable to ambulate and uses calipers and a wheelchair.
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To further increase range the fuel tank's capacity was increased from 15 liters to 18.5 liters. The front brakes were updated from axial mounted brake calipers to radial mounted brake calipers. Along mechanical updates the 2007 model received an updated dashboard, headlight, headlight fairings, tank fairings and tank shape.
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These were later changed to wheels with widths of at the front and at the rear. The tyres are Pirelli P-Zero with codes of 245/35ZR20 and 295/30ZR20. The brakes are carbon-ceramic with six- piston calipers at the front and four-piston calipers at the rear.
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The chassis is an ultra-stiff aluminum alloy. Suspension is fully Independent, with double wishbones, Eibach coil springs, fully floating in the rear, over Koni shock absorbers. Brakes are cast iron discs, with AP Racing 6-pot calipers at the front and 2-pot calipers at the rear.
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All non-TRD cars feature front ventilated disc brakes and solid rear disc brakes on base models or, on higher models, also ventilated rear disc brakes with two piston-opposed calipers in the front and single caliper design in the rear. The TRD editions instead have an upgraded braking system comprising upsized TRD two-piece rotors and TRD six-pot 355mm front and four-pot 345mm rear calipers (compared to the GTS' 294mm and 290mm calipers and GT's 277mm and 286mm, respectively).
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Three outside calipers. Outside calipers are used to measure the external size of an object. The same observations and technique apply to this type of caliper, as for the above inside caliper. With some understanding of their limitations and usage, these instruments can provide a high degree of accuracy and repeatability.
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In 1990 he was involved in a serious road accident, which left him needing to use calipers to walk.
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Measurement application include coordinate- measuring machines (CMM), laser scanners, calipers, gear measurement, tension testers, and digital read outs (DROs).
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Mercedes offers an option to paint the brake calipers the same blue as the "Plug-in Hybrid" as well.
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In some rear disc calipers, the parking brake activates a mechanism inside the caliper that performs some of the same function.
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A wood carver uniquely crafts each set of wooden calipers. Multiple pieces of wood are meticulously carved into the nesting set.
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The and wheel options are available with lightweight forged alloy wheels being standard. The M compound brakes come standard (with blue brake calipers), while carbon ceramic brakes (with gold brake calipers) are available as an option. The M4 features Active Sound, live amplification of the engine's natural sound inducted into the passenger cabin via speakers in the car.
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It is relatively easy to misread the last digit. In production environments, reading vernier calipers all day long is error-prone and is annoying to the workers. Dial calipers are comparatively easy to read, especially when seeking exact center by rocking and observing the needle movement. They can be set to 0 at any point for comparisons.
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Caliper detail view A caliper (British spelling also calliper, or in plurale tantum sense a pair of calipers) is a device used to measure the dimensions of an object. Many types of calipers permit reading out a measurement on a ruled scale, a dial, or a digital display. Some calipers can be as simple as a compass with inward or outward-facing points, but no scale. The tips of the caliper are adjusted to fit across the points to be measured and the dimension read by measuring between the tips with another measuring tool, such as a ruler.
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AP Racing supplies monobloc brake calipers, cast-iron brake discs, pads and disc bells, which are exclusive to all FIA Formula 3 European cars.
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Lufkin is a brand featuring primarily measurement tools such as calipers, gauges, micrometers, and measuring tapes. Lufkin is a brand of Apex Tool Group.
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The car is equipped with Brembo brake calipers, rotors and pads. The calipers have four pistons in front and four in the rear. The rotors are drilled carbon ceramic, in diameter and thick. The Huayra uses a twin-turbocharged M158 60° V12 engine developed by Mercedes-AMG specially for the Huayra, which has a power output of at 5,800 rpm and of torque at 2,250-4,500 rpm.
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They can be mechanically and electronically fragile. Most also require batteries, and do not resist coolant well. They are also only moderately shockproof, and can be vulnerable to dirt. Calipers may read to a resolution of 0.01 mm or 0.0005 in, but accuracy may not be better than about ±0.02 mm or 0.001 in for 150 mm (6 in) calipers, and worse for longer ones.
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The IS 250 (GSE20) went on sale in 2005 in Japan and North America in RWD (GSE20) and IS 250 AWD (GSE25) configuration, along with the more powerful rear-wheel drive IS 350 (GSE21) sedan. The IS 250 RWD comes standard with a 6-speed manual transmission, and a 6-speed automatic transmission is available as an option. All other gasoline-powered IS sedans are only available with the automatic. 2010–2011 Lexus IS 350 (GSE21; Australia) The IS 350 shares larger braking discs and calipers borrowed from the GS 430; the IS 350's larger calipers are four-piston rather than the two-piston front calipers of the IS 250.
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Oddleg calipers Oddleg calipers, Hermaphrodite calipers, or Oddleg jennys, as pictured on the left, are generally used to scribe a line at a set distance from the edge of a workpiece. The bent leg is used to run along the workpiece edge while the scriber makes its mark at a predetermined distance, this ensures a line parallel to the edge. In the diagram at left, the uppermost caliper has a slight shoulder in the bent leg allowing it to sit on the edge more securely, the lower caliper lacks this feature but has a renewable scriber that can be adjusted for wear, as well as being replaced when excessively worn.
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The traditional axial caliper mount began to be unreliable when slick tires were introduced, so motorcycles began adopting radially mounted calipers from Formula One car racing.
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It was largely similar to the US model 2002 998S (using the standard 998 engine but with uprated Ohlins suspension components and Brembo four-piston calipers).
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Paper sacks capacity is variable, each country sets a maximum ground rules such as job security, it comes in a variety of calipers, basis weights, and treatments.
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The Grange SV boasted four-piston AP Racing brakes with black calipers, blacked out accents, trim and grille, and 20-inch Rapier gloss black forged alloy wheels.
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Front fork leg mounted brake caliper, also called axially mounted Early disc brake calipers were in front of the fork leg on top of the disc. This placed the caliper in an area of high air flow for better heat removal. Calipers on most modern motorcycles are mounted to the rear of the fork leg. This reduces the angular momentum of the fork assembly and improves low speed handling.
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The cars sits on Monoblock Q wheels size 9.5Jx19 wrapped around Yokohama tyres. The front axle features 265/35 ZR 19 tyres while the rear sport 285/30 ZR 19 tyres. Stopping comes courtesy of 12-piston aluminum fixed calipers and steel discs, measuring 380 x 37 millimeters (15.0 x 1.5 inches). At the rear six-piston aluminum fixed calipers measuring 360 x 28 millimeters (14.2 x1.1 inches).
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Polestar 1 is the first car with Öhlins Continuously Controlled Electronic Suspension (CESi). The CESi can be set to adapt instantly to road conditions and in accordance with the driver’s chosen setting. The front brakes, are specified by Polestar and manufactured by Akebono, six piston aluminium Mono block calipers on each front wheel are milled from one-piece. The calipers are coupled with 400x38mm ventilated and drilled discs.
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Brembo supplied the braking system having six piston calipers at the front and four piston calipers at the rear. A duct system delivers air from the grille to the hard- working rotors. The 20-inch forged-aluminum wheels are fitted with second- generation Goodyear Eagle F1 Supercar tires (size 285/35ZR-20 at the front and 305/35ZR-20 at the back). Damping is provided by Magnetic Ride Control units.
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290 / 570-13), (Ant. 195 / 530-13 Post. 250 / 570-13). The double braking system usually consists of 4-piston calipers and self-ventilated front and rear discs.
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Inductive technology is robust to contaminants, allowing calipers and other measurement tools that are coolant- proof. A well-known application of the inductive measuring principle is the Inductosyn.
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Brembo supplies monobloc brake calipers and disc bells, which are exclusive to the FIA Formula 3 Championship. Carbone Industrie also supplies carbon brake discs and pads for the championship.
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Stopping power is handled by a carbon-ceramic braking system featuring 10-piston calipers in the front and 4-piston calipers at the rear. The OWL can accelerate from 0- in 1.69 seconds, 0- in 1.9 seconds, 0- in 10.6 seconds and can attain a top speed of . The OWL's acceleration time makes it the fastest accelerating production car in the world. The 69kWh battery pack was developed by Danecca Ltd, of Silverstone UK.
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An antipodal pair of vertex and their supporting parallel lines. The rotating calipers method was first used in the dissertation of Michael Shamos in 1978. Shamos uses this method to generate all antipodal pairs of points on a convex polygon and to compute the diameter of a convex polygon in O(n) time. Godfried Toussaint coined the phrase "rotating calipers" and also demonstrated that the method was applicable in solving many other computational geometry problems.
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Honda CB400NC, axial mount Single action calipers have brake pistons that operate on one side only. This type has a floating pin design which allows the piston side of the caliper to push onto the disc surface and pull the other side into contact as well. Dual action, or opposed calipers, are fixed into position to reduce flex. Dual action have opposed pistons either side of the disc to greatly improve the piston area.
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The B6 S4 came equipped with electronically controlled, variable assisted 'servotronic' rack and pinion power assisted steering (PAS) as standard. B6 S4 brakes consisted of radially ventilated disc brakes front and rear. The front discs are sized at in diameter by thick, and are clamped by Continental Teves-ATE FNRG-60 single-piston sliding brake calipers. The rears are by , and again use single-piston sliding calipers, with an integrated cable-operated hand brake mechanism.
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2005 YZF-R1 instrumentation The 2004 R1 weighs dry. The conventional front brake calipers were replaced by radially mounted calipers, activated by a radial master cylinder. A factory-installed steering damper was also added this year. Combined with the changes to the frame, this helped to eliminate the tendency of the handlebars to shake violently during rapid acceleration or deceleration on less-than-perfect surfaces, a phenomenon known as a speed wobble or tank slapper.
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The Berlinetta is equipped with 19-inch forged alloy wheels wrapped in tyres measuring 285/30 at the front and 335/20 at the rear. The brakes are from AP Racing and have steel discs measuring front and aft having six-piston calipers at the front and four piston calipers at the rear. Carbon ceramic brakes are available as an option. The suspension system is milled from aluminium using a CNC machine.
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Mechanically, the car is equipped with a combination of General Motor Performance Parts off-road shorty headers, Pedders' suspension kit, off-road exhaust and Brembo Calipers painted in Victory Red.
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Dual circuits, split front/rear. Front diameter ventilated discs. Rear diameter ventilated discs, no vacuum servo. Handbrake, mechanical fly-off and hydraulic centre lever acting on separate, mechanically operated rear calipers.
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Brakes were also changed, with the front brakes increasing in diameter from to two pot calipers, and changes had been made to the brake booster calibration, brake bias and pedal ratio.
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27 and 31 (Fig. 65)Roger B. Ulrich: Roman woodworking, Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn., 2007, , p.52f. Although rare finds, calipers remained in use by the Greeks and Romans.
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Since the formation of IndyCar Series in 1996, the brake package of IndyCar Series was only slimmer carbon brake rotors with 4-pot brake calipers and carbon pads on all- oval races until 2011. The thicker steel brake rotors with 6-pot brake calipers and carbon pads were introduced in 2005 for road and street course races for stronger braking while approaching sharper turns even hairpins. From 2012 onwards, IndyCar Series ditched the steel brake discs in favor of carbon brake rotors in all types of tracks but the caliper configuration remained the same as 1996–2011. PFC currently supplying brake packages for all IndyCar Series cars since 2017 season (disc only) and later increased their involvement from the 2018 season (supplying the calipers).
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The discs were now carbon ceramic, a first for the Viper series. The braking system contains discs with 6-piston calipers up front, and discs with 4-piston calipers down the rear. The tires were from Kumho, using a set of tires called the Kumho Ecsta V720 ACR, a variant of the V720 specifically built for the ACR. The front tires are P295/25R19Z, slightly smaller than the regular Viper, and P355/30R19Z at the rear.
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The system was first installed by Moto Guzzi in 1975. Here, applied brake pressure at the front is also applied to the rear wheel and vice versa. If the front lever is applied, pressure is built up at 4 of the 6 pots in the 2 calipers at the front. A secondary master cylinder at the front wheel distributes remaining pressure to the rear wheel through a proportional control valve and acts on 2 of the 3 calipers.
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The suspension was Bilstein height- adjustable coilover units, with settings for bound and rebound which can be selected by the driver. The braking system was composed of vented and grooved steel front and rear brake discs, with 12-piston aluminum fixed calipers for the front brakes and six-piston calipers for the rear. The wheels were nineteen inch one-piece Brabus Monoblock F wheels with Yokohama Advan Sport tires (255/35 ZR 19 front, 285/30 ZR 19 rear).
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A vernier caliper does not easily lose its calibration but a sharp impact or accidental damage to the measuring surface in the caliper jaw can be significant enough to displace zero. Digital calipers have zero set buttons, for quick recalibration. Vernier, dial and digital calipers can be used with accessories that extend their usefulness. Examples are a base that extends their usefulness as a depth gauge and a jaw attachment that allows measuring the center distance between holes.
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Honda claims a dry weight of , and wet. The seat is high and the wheelbase is . The engine is housed in a steel box section perimeter frame, air-assisted 41 mm telescopic front forks and an adjustable monoshock at the rear. The front brakes are twin 296 mm discs using three piston Nissin calipers on later models (two piston calipers 1987-88), the rear is a single 256 mm disc, and DCBS are used on all models after 1992.
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A threaded pipe plug; note that the threaded portion is tapered and so touches the calipers at only two points. A threaded pipe is a pipe with screw-threaded ends for assembly.
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Most of the disabled people living in India are isolated and poor. Their disability, combined with poverty and lack of education, deny them access to rehabilitation services. The AIMYM developed an appropriate, simple, informal and humane camp approach under which artificial limbs, calipers, and other aids are provided easily and free of cost at the camp site. The AIMYM organizes a large number of camps every year in various parts of the country where artificial limbs, (Jaipur prostheses), polio calipers, etc.
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For the Racing Puma, Ford partnered with Alcon Design to produce a 4-Piston Motorsport braking system. The Alcon Racing Front Brake calipers use x 28mm discs (253mm discs on the rear). These brakes are one of the defining attributes of the Racing Puma and they contribute significantly to enabling the standard car to pull a substantial 1.1g+ of braking force in the dry. This compares well to the normal Puma's ability to achieve 0.7g on regular, smaller, x brake discs and calipers.
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Often used in disc brakes, the brake calipers consists of one to two hollow aluminum or chrome-plated steel pistons (caliper pistons). Brake calipers are one of the most important parts of a vehicle and are essential for your car's ability to stop. The job of the caliper is to slow the car's wheels using the friction they create with metal disks (rotors). They work by taking the pressure given by the master cylinder to force the pistons against the rotor.
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A single tool might be referred to as a "caliper" or as "calipers", like a pair of scissors or glasses (a "plural only" or plurale tantum form). In colloquial usage the phrase "pair of verniers" or just "vernier" might refer to a vernier caliper. Colloquially these phrases can also refer to dial calipers, although they involve no vernier scale. In machine-shop usage, the term "caliper" is often used in contradistinction to "micrometer", even though outside micrometers are technically a form of caliper.
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The front brakes feature fixed Brembo 8-piston monoblock brake calipers, working with radially vented and cross-drilled brake discs, sized at in diameter, by thick. The rear features single-piston floating ATE calipers with integrated cable-operated parking brake mechanism, mated to radially vented disc and cross-drilled, sized by . Front and rear brake calipers are finished in a high-gloss black paint, with the fronts incorporating the Audi "RS" logo. Both front and rear discs are held in by metal pins to the lightweight disc hub, and allow of lateral thermal expansion from the hub centre. Bosch ESP 5.7 Electronic Stability Programme,Bosch Automotive Technology Electronic Stability Programme ESP with Anti-lock Braking System (ABS),Bosch Automotive Technology Antilock Braking System ABS Electronic Brakeforce Distribution (EBD), and Brake Assist (BA) was standard fitment.
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Front suspension was revamped on the fifth generation TMAX with an upside down (inverted) telescopic fork with radial- mounted brake calipers. Bodywork received modest styling updates. Yamaha also produced an IRON MAX special edition.
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For 1995, the front brakes were revised, adopting two-piston brake calipers from the Ford Explorer; four- wheel anti-lock brakes were standardized on Rangers with 4-wheel drive and/or the 4.0L V6.
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Brake Discs АР four-piston calipers, ventilated discs brake pads FERODO. Fuel PREMIER FIA FT3, 45 lt. Wheel Rims ATS, Front 9x13", Rear 10,5x13"centre-bolt aluminium. Tires Front 180/550R13, Rear 240/570R13.
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Front 320 mm discs, Brembo four piston calipers, single 245 mm rear disc, and steel- braided brake lines front and rear. The discs are now mounted directly to oversized hubs, eliminating the disc carriers.
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For the 2015 and 2016 editions of the Dakar Rally the Renault Dusters were significantly changed and now feature a V8 engine (Nissan VK-50), SADEV gearbox, Reiger shock absorbers and Powerbrake 6-piston calipers.
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Capacitive linear encoders work by sensing the capacitance between a reader and scale. Typical applications are digital calipers. One of the disadvantages is the sensitivity to uneven dirt, which can locally change the relative permittivity.
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Hugo was sympathetic to Darwinian ideas but familiar with Goethe's Faust, where the same quote appears with a warning on the misuse of man's power of reason, the calipers being symbolic of the scientific method.
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Updated frame rigidity and engine mounting position improved handling. Optional combined ABS uses three-piston sliding calipers on the front brakes instead of the standard four-piston opposed calipers and a larger 256 mm rear brake disc. Weight increased by , and with ABS. 2014: Central LCD screen with gear position, fuel consumption, thermometer and heater level for the handle grips (available with the "E Package"), 10-spoke wheels, round mirrors and dual grab rails on a revised rear cowl with LED rear lights and clear lens.
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The C4 braking system included radially ventilated disc brakes front and rear; with diameter by thick discs, with two-piston floating Girling calipers bearing the interlocking four-ringed Audi logo, and four individual pads per caliper up front, and by discs with Lucas single- piston sliding calipers at the rear. Bosch Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) with EDS was also standard. Standard wheels were 7½Jx16 "Avus" cast aluminium alloy wheels with 225/50 R16 tyres. Later cars received 8Jx17 "Avus" wheels with 255/40 R17 tyres.
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The odometer cart, invented during Han, measured journey lengths, using mechanical figures banging drums and gongs to indicate each distance traveled. This invention is depicted in Han artwork by the 2nd century, yet detailed written descriptions were not offered until the 3rd century. Modern archaeologists have also unearthed specimens of devices used during the Han dynasty, for example a pair of sliding metal calipers used by craftsmen for making minute measurements. These calipers contain inscriptions of the exact day and year they were manufactured.
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All calipers had three pistons, with larger calipers used in the front. Solid disks were used at first, with vented discs added for the Series II Espada. The steering box was a worm-and-peg type manufactured by ZF and mounted at the top front of the chassis, with very long steering column. Power steering would be offered on the Series III Espadas. Series I and II Espadas were originally fitted with Pirelli Cinturato 205VR15 tyres (CN72), while Series II cars used 215/70VR15 Cinturato CN12 tires.
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The optimum combination of power and weight propel the car to a top speed of . The car also has a carbon ceramic braking system for enhanced stopping power, with six-piston calipers at the front and four-piston calipers at the rear. Unlike the original SCR, the new SCR lacks the whale tail wing and features body work akin to the Porsche 964. The car was unveiled in the same shade of green as the original SCR, commemorating 40 years since the SCR's launch.
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An animation of how the master cylinder works along with how the force is transferred to the brake calipers The master cylinder is located behind the driver’s side dashboard mounted on the vacuum booster. The pressure inside of the master cylinder is created by a primary and secondary piston. These are pushed by the output rod of the vacuum booster to compress fluid within its primary and secondary chambers (hydraulic pressure). The hydraulic pressure is translated through the brake lines to the brake calipers.
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Before the invention of the pointing machine by Gatteaux, sculptors used several methods to measure and copy sculpture, such as grids,Cami/Santamera, Sculpture In Stone which were already in use in early Egyptian sculpture, plumb-bobs, measuring sticks and calipers. The main technique was to measure the model from three fixed points with calipers. Nowadays laser pointing machines are available. These have the advantages that the needle does not hinder carving and that the sculptor is given an audible warning when the right depth is reached.
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The GTC package included Ferrari's fourth Carbon fibre-reinforced Silicon Carbide (C/SiC) composite ceramic brake system, made by Brembo (the first 3 being featured on the Challenge Stradale, F430 and Enzo) as well as a more performance-tuned suspension system, low-restriction exhaust system, and unique 19 inch wheels. The new brakes were based on the company's Formula One technology. They used discs measuring 15.7 inches with six-piston calipers at the front and discs measuring 14.2 inches with four- piston calipers at the rear.
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Electronically controlled, variable power distribution to the front and rear axle prevents the tendency to oversteer or understeer, before DSC Dynamic Stability Control is required to cut in. The BMW X5 M features the biggest brakes on a BMW production vehicle, with 15.55" (395x36mm) rotors up front clamped by four- piston calipers, and 15.2" (385x24mm) rotors at the rear with single-piston calipers. Although traction control is standard, the M Dynamic Mode (MDM) reduces the effect of the system, allowing some wheelspin and drift-type cornering.
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The standard brakes on the RS 6 are cross-drilled, radially vented, and floating iron discs. At the front they are diameter and thick, clamped by gloss black six-piston fixed Brembo monoblock alloy calipers incorporating the "RS" logo, and at the rear they are diameter and with black single-piston floating calipers and an integrated electro-mechanical parking brake linkage. The parking brake serves doubles as a full emergency brake whilst the car is in motion, by applying maximum braking effort to all four wheels, resulting in activating the Anti-lock Braking System (ABS). Optional "Audi ceramic" Carbon fibre-reinforced Silicon Carbide (C/SiC) composite front brakes are available, only with 20-inch wheels, which use diameter by thick drilled, vented, and floating SGL Carbon composite discs, with grey painted eight-piston fixed Alcon monobloc alloy calipers with the "Audi ceramic" logo.
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As late as 1963 the majority of automobiles using disc brakes were European made, with American cars adopting the technology in the late 1960s after the invention of fixed calipers that made installation cheaper and more compact.
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Modern micrometer with a reading of 1.640±0.005mm. Assuming no zero error, this is also the measurement. Outside, inside, and depth micrometers A micrometer, sometimes known as a micrometer screw gauge, is a device incorporating a calibrated screw widely used for accurate measurement of componentsEncyclopedia Americana (1988) "Micrometer" Encyclopedia Americana 19: 500 (set) in mechanical engineering and machining as well as most mechanical trades, along with other metrological instruments such as dial, vernier, and digital calipers. Micrometers are usually, but not always, in the form of calipers (opposing ends joined by a frame).
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Like other Audi models, the notable feature in the new S4 is Virtual Cockpit which has Classic Layout and Sports Layout in displaying speedometer and tachometer. The B9 S4 features standard 18-inch 5 double-spoke wheels with summer tires, or optional 19-inch 5 V-spoke wheels. The B9's brakes use multi-piston calipers, replacing the single-piston sliding calipers of earlier models. LED headlights are standard while a flat- bottomed steering wheel, "S" embossed seats, and quad tailpipes differentiate the S4 from the B9 A4.
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This enables the car to accelerate from in 3.4 seconds and achieve a top speed above . All of the power is delivered to the rear wheels via a 6-speed rear-mounted dual-clutch transmission making the car rear-wheel drive. The car uses tires of sizes 255/40ZR19 at the front and 285/40ZR19 at the rear. Brembo six-piston brake calipers at the front and four-piston calipers at the rear along with carbon ceramic matrix (CCM) ventilated and cross-drilled brake rotors are utilised for effective braking.
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The Vanquish S front and rear track measured and , respectively. A higher gear ratio enabled the S to reach a top speed of . The V12 Vanquish S also incorporated the features of the optional Sports Dynamic Package (available for the Vanquish for the 2004 model year), which included stiffer suspension, revised steering, and larger brakes; front discs with six- piston calipers and rear discs with four-piston calipers. The V12 Vanquish S was sold for the 2005 model year for alongside the original Vanquish, and 2006 onward as a stand-alone model.
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The Regera has carbon fibre wheels with diameters of 19 inches at the front and 20 inches at the rear with center-lock wheel nuts. The tyres are Michelin Pilot Sport 4S' with codes of 275/35 ZR 19 (100Y) for the front and 345/30 ZR 20 (106Y) for the rear. Optional track focused Michelin Pilot Sport Cup 2 tyres are also available. The brakes are ventilated carbon-ceramic discs, with a diameter of and six-piston calipers at the front along with a diameter of and four-piston calipers at the rear.
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To give the car a more sporty feel, the car featured drive-by-wire throttle control and a five-speed sequential sport shifting automatic transmission with shift paddles mounted on the steering wheel. As with the first-generation Acura RL, the second-generation Acura RL used premium unleaded fuel rated at 91 (R+M)/2 octane. A first for the RL was the use of aluminum 4-piston front brake calipers over 12.6-inch cast-iron ventilated front rotors. These multi-piston calipers derived from racing applications, are extremely rigid.
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The Veyron's brakes use cross drilled, radially vented carbon fibre reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC) composite discs, manufactured by SGL Carbon, which have less brake fade and weigh less than standard cast iron discs. The lightweight aluminium alloy monobloc brake calipers are made by AP Racing; the front have eight titanium pistons and the rear calipers have six pistons. Bugatti claims maximum deceleration of 1.3 g on road tyres. As an added safety feature, in the event of brake failure, an anti-lock braking system (ABS) has also been installed on the handbrake.
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The Lancer Evolution WRC2 (also called the Step2) is also powered by the 4G63, also producing at 5500 rpm and at 3500 rpm. It is mated to a 6-speed INVECS-type sequential transmission via a triple-plate carbon clutch and distributes power to all four wheels via front-, centre- and rear- active differentials. The car's suspension is independent, with MacPherson struts and coil springs at each corner. The brakes are vented discs clamped by 6-piston calipers at the front, and 4-piston calipers at the rear.
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The new model features carbon ceramic braking system with six piston calipers at the front and four piston calipers at the rear featuring 400 mm and 360 mm brake rotors front and aft. The car features a new front grille, "sprout" fog lamps and side sills, rear diffuser and bootlid made from carbon fibre. The Rapide AMR can accelerate from in 4.4 seconds and can reach a claimed top speed of . Interior options include a One-77 steering wheel, a personalised plaque along with logos and a variety of colour schemes.
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It's said the target was to at least equal the performance of the BMW M3. Braking The B4 is slowed by 294mm ventilated front disc brakes and twin-pot floating calipers and 290mm ventilated rear discs and single-pot floating calipers. An increased diameter vacuum assisted tandem booster gives reduced pedal effort though relatively firm braking feel (see graph). The system is diagonally linked to maintain safety in the event one line should fail, and front and rear pressure control valve are used to balance braking force to suit weight distribution.
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AP Racing supplies monobloc brake calipers, carbon brake discs, pads and disc bells, which are exclusive to all Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters cars since 2000. The carbon brake discs are thicker for improving braking power while approaching sharper corners.
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During his career, Gravatt collected a number of gifts, including: a pair of calipers made by Troughton; Donkin's chronometer by Hardy; a specimen of Babbage's original difference engine. He left them all in his will to the Institution.
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ABS: Three channel, four sensor system Disc Brakes: Front & Rear Front: 13in vented disc four piston caliper (optional) These front disc brakes were eventually recalled and replaced with stock Explorer calipers, due to an unforeseen lack of structural integrity.
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The brakes have a new ABS designed for high speed cornering. Ducati and Brembo designed -lighter brake calipers than the 1299's. The bike's tires, the Diablo Super Corsa SP developed by Ducati and Pirelli, have a new rear compound.
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A front strut tower bracing was added to the 6-cylinder models. The 8-speed automatic transmission was retained. The 6-cylinder now has "Supra" printed on the front 6-piston calipers with the same font as its rear label.
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Later models of the FZ750 used a front wheel. Early FZ750s used twin ventilated disc brakes for the front wheel with a single ventilated disc at the rear. Later versions used unventilated disks, with four piston calipers on the front.
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Brembo supplies monobloc brake calipers and disc bells, which are exclusive to GP2 Series. Hitco also supplies carbon brake discs and pads for FIA Formula 2 Championship. The brake discs are 278 x 28 mm in size (similar to Formula One).
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This comprises a pair of rectangular open boxes which are mounted on the brake calipers of a bicycle and that hold the brake blocks which rub on the rim of a bicycle wheel to slow the bicycle down or stop it.
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The second generation Vigor also benefited from Honda deciding to employ double-wishbones at both the front and rear ends—a layout that spread to other Honda products in subsequent years. While more expensive than competitors' MacPherson strut systems, this setup provided better stability and sharper handling for the vehicle. All had front sway bars and upper models had rear sway bars as well. Brakes were either small 4-wheel discs with twin-piston calipers (only available on the JDM 2.0-Si model ), larger 4-wheel discs with single piston calipers, or a front disc/rear drum system.
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Maserati MC12 wheel The MC12 has 480-millimetre (19 in) wheels with a width of 230 millimetres (9 in) at the front and 330 millimetres (13 in) at the rear. The tyres are "Pirelli P Zero Corsa" with codes of 245/35 ZR 19 for the front tyres and 345/35 ZR 19 for the rear. The brakes are Brembo disc brakes with a Bosch anti-lock braking system (ABS). The front brakes have a diameter of 380 millimetres (15 in) with six-piston calipers and the rear brakes have a diameter of 335 millimetres (13.2 in) with four-piston calipers.
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The first changes were made in 2001 when the fairing was restyled, adding wind deflectors to improve airflow. The fuel tank was changed to a plastic item (with a reduction in capacity), and the rear shock on both the standard and the 'R' models was revised. In 2002, the front brake calipers were changed to Brembo Monobloc 4 pad calipers - each piston having a separate pad gave an increase in braking performance and feel. In 2003, the gear ratios were changed to give a slightly closer ratio gearbox, the exhaust system was changed and the tail piece and front mudguard were redesigned.
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The sole transmission option was the 7-speed dual-clutch transmission (M-DCT) and the official acceleration time for the GTS is 4.4 seconds. The car weighs less than the regular M3, due to a lighter centre console and door panels, polycarbonate side and rear windows, a lack of rear seats and the removal of acoustic insulation. Suspension changes include adjustable camber angle and ride height, a rigidly mounted rear axle and revised dampers. The front brakes were upgraded to 6-piston calipers with larger rotors, and the rear brakes were upgraded to 4-piston calipers with larger rotors.
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Yamaha FJR1300 "blue dot" axial mount caliper, used on many Yamaha models Traditionally opposing piston brake calipers are made in two halves which are then bolted together. The advantages of this method are ease and the speed of which the pieces can be made. The disadvantage is that they are less resistant to flex under load. Monobloc calipers machined from a single piece of metal are stronger, but much more expensive to make so some manufacturers such as Sumitomo cast the caliper body as one piece and then machine the piston bores externally with the holes created plugged after assembly.
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The B5 S4 brake system consisted of radially ventilated discs, in diameter by thick up front, and by at the rear. Two-piston Lucas HP2 brake calipers at the front (with four pads per caliper), with Lucas single-piston sliding brake calipers at the rear. A Bosch ABS 5.3 four-channel Anti-lock Braking System (with Electronic Brakeforce Distribution (EBD) and Electronic Differential Lock (EDL) - and later with ESP or Electronic Stability Programme), coupled with a vacuum servo completed the system. Standard wheels were Audi's die-cast aluminium alloy six-arm 'Avus' 7.5Jx17H2 ET45 wheels, shod with 225/45 ZR17 performance tyres.
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The stock wheels were fitted with Pirelli Scorpion P305/40R-22 performance tires and modeled after the 10-spoke wheels available on the Viper. The brakes for the 2004 model (front and rear) and 2005-06 (rear) were modified from the Ram Heavy Duty truck for use in the Ram SRT-10. The standard ABS-equipped brakes were fitted with rotors in front and rotors out back. 2004 models used red-painted two- piston sliding brake calipers front and rear; these were replaced with larger four-piston monoblock calipers up front in 2005–06, designed by TRW and unique to the SRT-10.
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The discs are clamped with gloss-black painted dual-piston calipers up front, and a single-piston sliding caliper at the rear, coupled to an electro-mechanical parking brake. A Bosch ESP 5.7 (later upgraded to ESP 8.0) electronic stability control, with ABS, brake assist, EBD complete the brake system. Optional "Audi ceramic" carbon fibre-reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC) composite front and rear brakes are available, which use radially vented, and floating SGL Carbon discs, with anthracite grey painted twelve-piston fixed Brembo monobloc alloy calipers. Standard alloy wheels consist of 20-inch "S design" alloy wheels.
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The biggest change was the introduction of DCBS, Honda's dual combined braking system. Honda’s first street motorcycle with a combined braking system (then called Unified Braking) was the 1983 Gold Wing GL1100. This system was derived from a 1970s RCB1000 world endurance race bike. The DCBS system was introduced to assist rider braking where the front brake lever operates two of the three pistons on the front calipers but also proportionally applies pressure to one piston of the rear brake caliper, while using the rear brake will engage one piston in front calipers and two pistons on the rear.
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A pure brake by wire system would eliminate the need for hydraulics completely by using motors to actuate calipers, in comparison to the currently existing technology where the system is designed to provide braking effort by building hydraulic pressure in the brake lines.
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Engine mounts can be removed to ease access for maintenance. Compression damping is done on one fork leg, rebound damping on the other. This technology is from dirt bikes, and is rare on street motorcycles. The Nissin brakes have four piston calipers.
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The brake discs, which are 2-piece, come from StopTech, and the calipers are from Brembo. The steering wheel is rack-and-pinion, with power assist. The suspension setup for front and rear are A-arms, with coil-over shocks and stabilizer bars.
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New chassis features were aluminum brake calipers and an all-aluminum suspension for weight savings and rigidity. The new one piece targa top had no center reinforcement. A new electronic dashboard with digital liquid crystal displays for the speedometer and tachometer was standard.
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Standard brakes are 6-piston front calipers with carbon ceramic brakes optional. The F10 M5 weighs , which is more than its predecessor. The F10 M5 was praised for its improved gearbox and fuel economy; however, the engine sound, steering feel and increased weight were criticised.
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The car uses push rod suspension with remote reservoir Sachs dampers in the front and rear and carbon ceramic brakes with 6 piston calipers in the front and 4 piston in the rear. Power goes to the rear wheels through a six-speed manual transmission.
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Its and of torque were a performance improvement. Gasoline mileage improved slightly, but remained low. Powerful disc brakes with Bendix four-piston calipers became optional for the front wheels but most Riviera continued to be ordered with Buick's highly capable ribbed aluminum brake drums.
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These and the transmission are supplied with a cooling airflow directed from NACA ducts located in the engine front undertray. The rear brakes are drilled, vented and floating by iron discs, with gloss black Lucas-Girling TRW single piston floating calipers with an integrated mechanical handbrake mechanism. A lighter and more performant "Audi ceramic" front brake system was an option from 2007 model year onwards (and only with 19 inch wheels). It comprised cross-drilled, radially vented and floating Carbon fibre-reinforced Silicon Carbide (C/SiC) composite SGL Carbon discs, diameter and thick, with grey Brembo monoblock six-opposed- piston fixed aluminium alloy calipers.
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The livery selected by Jan Magnussen includes an Arctic White exterior with Crystal Red stripes and gray hash marks, body-color mirrors, black wheels with red stripe and red brake calipers and a Jet Black interior with red seat belts. The livery selected by Antonio Garcia includes a Racing Yellow exterior with “Jake” stinger stripe, red hash marks, Carbon Flash mirrors, black wheels with red stripe and red brake calipers, and a Jet Black interior. All four of the special liveries were available on the Grand Sport. The cars also came fitted with an interior plaque commemorating each driver and other unique trim details.
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Sequence of probes around the convex hull of a polygon to determine its diameter using Rotating Caliper method. In computational geometry, the method of rotating calipers is an algorithm design technique that can be used to solve optimization problems including finding the width or diameter of a set of points. The method is so named because the idea is analogous to rotating a spring-loaded vernier caliper around the outside of a convex polygon."Rotating Calipers" at Toussaint's home page Every time one blade of the caliper lies flat against an edge of the polygon, it forms an antipodal pair with the point or edge touching the opposite blade.
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Other changes include the Xtrac paddle-shift operated 6-speed sequential transmission, an Xtrac Salisbury type differential, six-piston Brembo front brake calipers with four-piston rear calipers, custom adjustable front and rear antiroll bars, and two-way adjustable Ohlins TTX-46 front struts and TTX-36 rear dampers. Exterior changes include wider front fenders, a hood extractor, aerodynamic side skirts, lightweight carbon fiber doors and front fascia, a custom GT4 specification carbon fiber rear spoiler, GT4 specification front dive planes, and a GT4 specification carbon fiber front splitter the car also has 18-inch forged Forgeline one-piece alloy wheels with racing slicks. The total weight of the car is .
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A motor racing version of the car achieved great success in the SpeedVision World Challenge with Michael Galati taking the 2001 SpeedVision GT title in a Champion Racing S4, winning four races, and helping Audi to its first Manufacturers' Championship. The Audi Sport specification Champion A4 chassis included a B5 RS4 engine, and Alcon racing brake calipers (4 piston front and 2 piston rear calipers). Don Istook, with Istook's Motorsports, built and campaigned several B5 S4's in first the Motorola Cup, and then the Grand Am Cup. The S4's were even raced by Istook's Motorsports in the Rolex GT category for several races to help fill the field.
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Optional carbon fiber wheels The new GT is the second Ford vehicle to feature optional carbon fiber wheels, after the Shelby Mustang GT350R. In addition to improved strength and rigidity, these wheels weigh less than their forged aluminum counterparts. The wheels have a diameter of 20 inches at the front and rear, and come equipped with Michelin Pilot Sport Cup 2 tires with codes of 245/35 R 20 for the front and 325/30 R 20 for the rear. The brakes are ventilated carbon-ceramic discs made by Brembo, with six-piston calipers at the front and four-piston calipers at the rear.
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The gear ratios were also revised to match the engine upgrade. The chassis and handling were improved with the use of Ohlins Adjustable coilovers. The wheels are 16-inch Advantis with Bridgestone Adrenalin tyres. The brakes are from AP Racing consisting of AP Racing calipers and pads.
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Huayra BC Macchina Volante Collector Kris Singh had commissioned a special BC called "Macchina Volante" (the Flying Machine) built in 2017, with extra amounts of blue carbon fiber and a few Italian flags adorning it. It also has additional rear air intakes and blue brake calipers.
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Throughout the life of the wells, integrity controles of the steel and cemented column (casing and tubing) are performed using calipers and thickness gauges. These advanced technical methods use non destructive technologies as ultrasonic, electromagnetic and magnetic transducers.Stéphane Sainson, Les diagraphies de corrosion. Ed. Lavoisier, 548 p.
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Also new are lighter and smaller Brembo Stylema calipers, a new TFT dash, plus smartphone connectivity that gives vehicle information about GPS route information, speed, rpm, gear position, fuel mileage, fuel level, and odometer. In addition, the 2019 H2 SX SE+ version features Electronic Control Suspension.
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The liquid pushes the brake calipers, which in the case of disc brakes, push against the brake rotor causing friction that slows and eventually stops the rotation of the vehicles wheels. In drum brakes, pistons push two shoes against the brake drum accomplishing the same effect.
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Hubs were made of aluminium and were bespoke items. Rear beam was also modified with thicker ARB and allowed different camber and toe settings. Brakes were made by Alcon. Front discs were on aluminium bells and were 332 mm in diameter with 4 pot Alcon calipers.
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The rear brakes are ventilated rotors with four piston calipers. Steering is speed-sensing hydraulic-assist rack-and- pinion. The steering ratio is 16.1:1. Tire sizes are 255/40ZR19 front and 285/35ZR19 rear on 19×9.0 inch and 19×9.5 inch wheels front and rear.
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Power output was 139 bhp (101 kW). The frame on the new models was more compact and the swinging arm longer. Redesigned 50 mm Marzocchi forks were fitted, the new design being exclusive to MV Agusta. Front brakes used 4-pot calipers from Brembo, and discs from NHK.
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Larger rotors can be used to increase braking force, but this also increases weight and inertia. To overcome this brake manufacturers developed calipers four, six and even eight pistons. Increasing the number of pistons increases the swept piston area, allowing for longer, narrower brake pads and smaller discs.
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The bomb was held in place in the aircraft by a pair of calipers, or triangulated carrying arms, which swung away from either end of the bomb to release it.Flower (2002), p. 31. Diagrams from document produced by Dr Wallis to explain how the bouncing bomb Upkeep worked.
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For example, the Black Optic package includes high-gloss black 19-inch wheels, high-gloss black outside mirror covers, and high-gloss black trunk lip spoiler, while the Dynamic package consists of titanium 19-inch wheels with summer performance tires, red brake calipers, and a sport exhaust system.
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The length and width of teeth are measured from front to back and side to side using calipers. These measurements can be made directly from skeletal material or through dental casts of living humans. The measurements that are reported most commonly are maximum crown length and maximum crown breadth.
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The calipers are now Brembo M50 Monoblock and the master cylinder is a radial Brembo. The brake lines are now braided stainless-steel. A first for production sport bikes a 43 mm Showa Balance Free Fork derived from WSBK. Kawasaki also offers Race Kit parts for chassis and engine.
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Found on some of their more expensive models, it is also an optional brake for all street Porsches at added expense. They can be recognized by the bright yellow paintwork on the aluminum six- piston calipers. The discs are internally vented much like cast-iron ones, and cross-drilled.
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Brembo supplied a new development of monobloc brake calipers and disc bells, which were exclusive to GP2. The car also featured internal cooling upgrades, a new water radiator, radiator duct, oil and water heat exchanger, modified oil degasser, new oil and water pipes and new heat exchanger fixing brackets.
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The Monster's brake system components including master cylinders and discs are supplied by Brembo. The front has 320 mm floating dual discs and radially mounted 4 piston Brembo p4.32 calipers. The 245 mm rear solid disc have a two-piston p34 caliper. Anti-lock braking system (ABS) is optional.
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WRX STI S208 NBR Challenge Package In 2017, Subaru released the WRX STI S208, limited to 450 units sold only for the Japanese market. The S208 used a 2.0-liter EJ20 engine tuned to and of torque. It has other upgrades similar to those of the WRX STI S207- a quicker 11:1 ratio steering rack, Bilstein DampMatic II front suspension, Recaro front bucket seats, 19-inch BBS wheels, drilled rotors clamped by Brembo monoblock six-piston front calipers and four- pot rear calipers, intercooler water spray, a torque vectoring system, and more. Up to 350 units could be equipped with the NBR Challenge Package, which features a carbon fibre wing, front lip spoiler, and roof.
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Larger rotors and calipers were included and the ABS system was revised as well. The 1998 JDM Type R would receive 5 lug 16” alloy wheels wrapped in 215/45/ZR16 tires. Other features such as a moonroof, vanity mirrors, cruise control and a rear wiper were eliminated to save weight.
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High-performance brakes are also a part of the package with discs in front and discs in the rear. On both ends of the car there are red AMG-branded calipers. Its first deliveries took place in early 2015 for the European market with a U.S. debut later in the year.
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The six piston (front) and 4 piston (rear) brake calipers are made by Nissin. The exclusive model came with a Certificate of Authenticity and a 24-carat gold badge with the serial number on. Amongst the original owners were MV World Champion Giacomo Agostini and King Juan Carlos of Spain.
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Front strut towers were raised, which necessitated an aluminium strut brace. The braking system featured larger diameter discs and vacuum servo, and fixed two-piston Brembo calipers at the front. No changes were made to the four-wheel-drive system. Front and rear tracks were wider than on earlier Deltas, respectively .
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Rear shock absorbers are also from ORAM. 320 mm discs are fitted with 4 pot calipers from Brembo. The spoked wheels from JoNich Wheels are designed to allow tubeless tyres to fitted. The model has a red, white and blue "flying saucer" tank and red sculptured seat reminiscent of the 750S.
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3000 to .3999 inches in 0.0001 inch steps). Gauge blocks were invented in 1896 by Swedish machinist Carl Edvard Johansson. They are used as a reference for the calibration of measuring equipment used in machine shops, such as micrometers, sine bars, calipers, and dial indicators (when used in an inspection role).
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The wheels are driven by hardened steel 420 chain and direct drive gearing. Braking is performed by six-piston calipers per axle, with front rotor. It includes rear rim with rear tire and front tire. Standard battery pack is made from lithium-ion, with rated range of up to two hours or .
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CAS consists of 44 plants, research centers and test tracks in 15 countries including ten joint ventures in Asia. Average daily production includes 45,000 electronic brake systems, 136,000 brake calipers, 163,000 wheel speed sensors, 27,000 airbag components and 72,000 body electronic modules. Continental Automotive Systems’ sales for the year 2004 were €5.0 billion..
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Most often, the tape is 48 mm (approx 2 inches) wide but it is also used in 72 mm (approx 3-inch) widths. A variety of backing strengths and calipers as well as adhesive formulations are available. It is often transparent or tan (beige, buff, brown). Other colors and printing are sometimes available.
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The DB9 was initially launched with wheels with a width of at the front and at the rear. They were fitted with Bridgestone Potenza 235/40ZR19 up front and 275/35ZR19 is the back. The brakes are large Brembo four-piston calipers in the front and rear. Carbon ceramic brakes were an option.
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The design for the base model Beast was built in a year. The Beast also has the original Ariel Atom brake calipers and discs installed, and has a custom horn. Because the car is a convertible, it had to have waterproof leather installed. This car contains a 2-year unlimited mile warranty.
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In August 2010, Ducati announced the 848 Evo, as the evolution of the model. The bike featured small revisions such as a black swingarm, Mono-block Brembo brake calipers, steering damper mount as well as some very minor engine revisions. In 2013, Ducati announced the 848 was replaced by the 899 Panigale.
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The therapist may use calipers or simply a reshaped paperclip to do the testing. The therapist may alternate randomly between touching the patient with one point or with two points on the area being tested (e.g. finger, arm, leg, toe). The patient is asked to report whether one or two points was felt.
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The arbitrarily oriented minimum bounding box is the minimum bounding box, calculated subject to no constraints as to the orientation of the result. Minimum bounding box algorithms based on the rotating calipers method can be used to find the minimum-area or minimum-perimeter bounding box of a two-dimensional convex polygon in linear time, and of a two-dimensional point set in the time it takes to construct its convex hull followed by a linear-time computation. A three-dimensional rotating calipers algorithm can find the minimum-volume arbitrarily-oriented bounding box of a three-dimensional point set in cubic time. Matlab implementations of the latter as well as the optimal compromise between accuracy and CPU time are available. .
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In January 2019, Chevrolet introduced a special edition of the Corvette Grand Sport called the Drivers Series. This edition features four paint schemes each selected by Corvette Racing team's drivers Tommy Milner, Oliver Gavin, Jan Magnussen, and Antonio Garcia. The livery selected by Tommy Milner includes an Elkhart Lake Blue exterior with silver stripes and red hash marks, body-color mirrors, black wheels with red stripe and red brake calipers, and a Jet Black Suede interior with red seat belts. The livery selected by Oliver Gavin includes a Shadow Gray exterior with Torch Red center stripe and Torch Red hash marks, Carbon Flash mirrors, black wheels with red stripe, red brake calipers, and an Adrenaline Red interior with red seat belts.
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Camaro ZL1 Carbon Concept is a version of Camaro ZL1 with Ashen Gray body colour, Chevrolet Accessories exposed-weave carbon fiber "Mohawk" hood insert, Carbon fiber rear spoiler with stainless-steel wicker bill, Carbon fiber inserts on the interior door and instrument panel, 20x10-inch (front) and 20x11-inch (rear) wheels in satin black with machined faces, Brembo six-piston front calipers with two-piece front rotors and four- piston rear calipers (Chevrolet Official Licensed Product), Magnetic Ride Control, dual exhaust outlets with active exhaust and diffuser, Jet Black leather interior with sueded microfiber seat inserts and Torch Red stitching, ZL1 short-throw shifter with suede and carbon fiber-trimmed shift knob and Suede-trimmed flat-bottom steering wheel and ZL1 pedals.
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It is a version of C30 inspired by the Polestar STCC race car based on T5, designed by Polestar Performance. It included 2.5L Turbo engine with larger intercooler and KK & K 26 turbo, modified pistons, conrods and inlet camshaft, rated at and ; Haldex AWD with Quaife mechanical differential brake front and rear, Öhlins shock absorbers and springs with 2.25 ratio steering rack, Brembo 380 mm front brake discs with six piston calipers, Brembo 330 mm rear brake discs with four piston calipers, BBS FI 19x8,19-inch wheels with Pirelli P Zero 235/35 ZR 19 tires, racing seats with Ternsjö leather and four point harness, aerodynamic body derived from the STCC race car. The vehicle was unveiled at the 2010 Gothenburg Motor show.
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The driveline claimed to accept up to 1000 bhp. The chassis is a box section steel structure with built-in roll and side impact protection. The fully adjustable suspension includes front double unequal length wishbones, and a rear live axle with four locating links. Brakes are front and rear ventilated discs with four pot calipers.
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The car is equipped with alloy wheels with diameters of 20 inches at the front and rear. The Continental tires have codes of 255/30 ZR 20 for the front and 335/25 ZR 20 for the rear. The brake calipers and rotors measure 15 inches in diameter at the front and the rear.
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The vehicle runs on Shell v-power pump fuel with Power Pour additive. It uses a Ford 9 inch rear end connected to a custom 2 speed transmission built by Andy Frost and Penn Autos. Front brakes are 290mm vented discs, with custom four pot calipers. On the rear, 260mm vented discs with custom pads.
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Electric motor lifespan stands at 100,000 cycles, which makes the battery longevity something to be less worried about. The weight is set at . The chassis was built in carbon-fiber material, with an aluminum bulkhead rear. The AP Racing brakes are carbon ceramic discs, in which are coupled with six-piston calipers front and rear.
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The doors have also been lengthened, which combined with the longer wheelbase makes entry and exit from the car easier. Brakes are 14-inch ventilated discs with four-piston calipers. The front has the 19-inch wheels with P285/30 ZR Goodyear tires up and 20-inch rear wheels with P335/30 ZR tires.
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The bicycle's weight is less than 11 kg, and it has many aluminum parts. The gearbox is an eight-speed from Shimano, and the brakes are also from Shimano. The brake disc is 160 mm front and rear with mechanical calipers. The forks are aluminum while the frame and the handlebars are made from carbon.
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The car's front suspension is a duolever design, chosen for its favourable packaging requirements. Carbon trailing arm rear suspension is used to reduce unsprung mass. Industrial hydraulic retracting brake calipers are used to minimise mechanical power losses. DUSC 2015 runs on specialist Schwalbe Energiser S tyres, featuring a solar car specific low rolling resistance compound.
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The weight of the wheels was reduced. The rotor carriers moved out closer to the brake calipers to reduce weight and to improve rigidity. But stopping power still was not on par with other bikes in the class. There is additional bracing on the steering head for more response, better feedback and feel from the front end.
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A lower-limb orthosis is an external device applied to a lower-body segment to improve function by controlling motion, providing support through stabilizing gait, reducing pain through transferring load to another area, correcting flexible deformities, and preventing progression of fixed deformities. The term caliper or calipers remains in widespread use for lower-limb orthoses in the United Kingdom.
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The caliper pistons were not adequately coated, and caused dirt, debris, and corrosion. The pistons would catch on the caliper seals and be pulled back into the caliper bore. This caused an excess amount of piston travel required to apply braking force giving a spongy feel. Daytona 675 calipers with a teflon coating may be used to fix this.
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The chassis and handling are also improved with the use of Ohlins Adjustable coilovers. The wheels are 16-inch Advantis with Bridgestone Adrenalin tyres. The brakes are from AP Racing consisting of AP Racing calipers and pads. Interior wise—the dash remains the same but it is now painted in greenish accent to match Lotus' green Trademark.
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The complete "rotation" of the caliper around the polygon detects all antipodal pairs; the set of all pairs, viewed as a graph, forms a thrackle. The method of rotating calipers can be interpreted as the projective dual of a sweep line algorithm in which the sweep is across slopes of lines rather than across - or -coordinates of points.
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The engine was no longer painted black. New front brake calipers for the GS500EV in 1997 had two large pistons, replacing the previous unequally- sized pistons. Starting in 1998 (GS500EW) French models were fitted with Mikuni BSR 34mm carburetors with a three-circuit design (pilot jet, mid-main jet, main jet) for precise fuel metering throughout the rev range.
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Other changes included four piston front brake calipers, a shorter (3.25:1) differential ratio, the driveshaft from the M5, a twin-plate clutch, a non-functional rear seat, no air conditioner, a deeper front splitter and a larger rear spoiler. The cars were individually numbered with a plaque fitted to the centre console near the handbrake.
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Baudelocque is credited for correcting errors regarding childbirth and wrote a popular book on midwifery. He refined André Levret's (1703–1780) "pelvic forceps" and constructed a pelvimeter for use in obstetrics. His pelvimeter were anthropometric calipers used to measure external pelvic dimensions. This distance was to become known as "Baudelocque's diameter" (the external conjugate diameter of the pelvis).
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The caliper drag causes the calipers to brush up against the reel spool. A disc drag is when pressure is applied on the plates which then applies pressure on the spool. Center-line drags also known as the best kind of drag because the pressure is directly on the spool close to the axis of rotation.
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The visors started out as clear or smoked, but now come in colors ranging from blue, gold, black, rainbow, silver, or amber. The visor/shield is used at the player's discretion. The helmet fitting process starts by measuring the player's head with calipers. Based on measurements taken, a helmet shell of the appropriate size and style is chosen.
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The braking system used AP Racing carbon ceramic discs and calipers, and Penske triple- adjustable gas-pressurised shock absorbers were used at all four wheels. The chassis was similar to the production Esprit but with a roll-cage that added stiffness. Weight was reduced to . Production amounted to 3 units: chassis 114-001, 114-002 and 114-003.
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In addition, Subaru also launched special editions both for the United States and Australia markets. For the former, one thousand BRZ Series. Blue editions were marketed at additional cost, half painted in Blue Pearl and the other half in Crystal Pearl White. This model featured STI body kit parts, 17-inch STI black alloy wheels and red brake calipers.
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When braking force is applied, the act of abrasive friction between the brake pad and the disc wears both the disc and pad away. The brake dust that is seen deposited on wheels, calipers and other braking system components consists mostly of disc material. Brake dust can damage the finish of most wheels if not washed off."Brake dust".
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Intelligent pigs are used to inspect the pipeline with sensors and record the data for later analysis. These pigs use technologies such as magnetic flux leakage (MFL) and ultrasound to inspect the pipeline. Intelligent pigs may also use calipers to measure the inside geometry of the pipeline. In 1961, the first intelligent pig was run by Shell Development.
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The front and rear independent suspension is based on the traditional unequal length double wishbone design. It included coil springs and hydraulic telescopic Koni shock absorbers. It featured front and rear anti roll bars. The brakes were large vented discs with twin piston calipers actuated, as on the 308, by a hydraulic system offering security through redundancy.
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The 'SPR' limited- edition racing homologation model has special factory parts including wide- mouthed TRM40 carbs, close-ratio gearbox, magnesium engine covers, an alloy water pump, six-piston brake calipers, and a new braced swingarm. A wider rear wheel holding a wider 180 rear section tire was also fitted. The 'SPR' was 10 kilos lighter than the WP.
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Currently the longest ever produced GSX-R 750 series without any major changes. New model, clean and sleek body style, new headlight, addition of Italian made Brembo brake calipers (front) and Nissin (back). The 2011 model is about lighter than the previous year's model. It has a "back torque limiting" clutch that allows for slicker downshifting.
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Some of the new features on the SP model are semi-active Öhlins Electronic Control suspension (S-EC), Brembo monobloc four-piston front brake calipers, titanium fuel tank and a 13:1 compression ratio. Also adding an even more exotic limited production "SP2" variant with Marchesini forged wheels and with larger valves of which 500 units will be sold.
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Aesthetic changes include flag motifs, orange brake calipers and optional matte grey paintwork and lighter Fuchs alloy wheels. An optional carbon fibre roof with a gloss finish reduces from the total weight of the car which is . The A110S can accelerate to in 4.4 seconds (0.1 seconds faster than standard car) and has an electronically limited top speed of .
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They are especially useful when measuring over very large distances; consider if the calipers are used to measure a large diameter pipe. A vernier caliper does not have the depth capacity to straddle this large diameter while at the same time reach the outermost points of the pipe's diameter. They are made from high carbon steel.
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XKR Portfolio The 2008 XKR Portfolio is a version of the XKR developed by Jaguar's Special Vehicles team and Alcon, it is often incorrectly referred to as a 2007 model due to being built and first sold in 2007. It includes 400 mm diameter front and 350 mm rear brake discs, six-piston front calipers and four-piston rear calipers, 20-inch five-spoke Cremona wheels, power vents, a Celestial Black body colour (optional Liquid Silver for UK and Switzerland models), Engine-Spun aluminium veneer or optional Satin American Walnut veneer, an alloy and leather gearshift selector, soft-grab door handles, contrast stitching throughout the cabin, leather-edged mats with Jaguar logos, Portfolio treadplates on the doorsills and a 525 W Premium Audio system with Dolby Pro Logic II surround sound system by Bowers & Wilkins.
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The Cup is differentiated visually with painted red brake calipers, instead of the silver calipers for the normal Sport. 18x8.25" "Ax-l" alloy wheels are fitted with wider 235/40R18 tyres, while 19x8.25" "Steev" wheels were available as an option with 235/35R19 tyres. In Australia, the Megane R.S. was only sold in Cup form, though the features resemble that of the luxury model sold in Europe with the only options being front parking sensors and bi-xenon directional headlights. A Cup Trophée model was offered above that, which included a number of extra inclusions like fabric Recaro Sportster CS seats, proximity key replacing remote key, tyre pressure monitoring, upgraded stereo, grey body highlights instead of black (except for Lunar Grey), electrically folding mirrors, and the 19-inch Steev wheels.
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Honda CB1100 RS The sports-oriented CB1100 RS model was released in the 2017 model year. This model has all lighting from LED lights, slightly revised engine, 17-inch aluminium wheels, shorter wheelbase by 5 mm, Tokico radial brake calipers, different caster angle, sportier suspension setup with dual bending valve two- piece Showa 43 mm fork, and sport-oriented tires.
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Stopping the R32 comes in the form of blue- painted brake calipers with discs at the front and disks at the rear. The Mk5 R32 was released in the US in August 2007 with a limited production run of 5000. Each R32 has its production number laser etched on its steering wheel. In Chile, the Golf Mk5 was only offered in this model.
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On the exterior, changes include black Z06 Wheels with yellow stripe, yellow brake calipers, Corvette Racing wheel center caps, visible carbon fiber, Spectra Gray grille and vents, C7.R graphics, and the Z07 Performance Package with carbon ceramic brakes. The package is available in either Black or Corvette Racing Yellow exterior colors. It included its own sequential VIN starting with 700001.
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The RSV Tuono Factory is a high spec model based upon the Aprilia RSV Mille R. Compared to the standard RSV Tuono it has forged alloy wheels, gold anodized Öhlins Racing front forks, fully adjustable Öhlins Racing rear monoshock, a fully adjustable Öhlins Racing steering damper, radially mounted Brembo brake calipers and it extensively uses carbon fiber parts for weight reduction.
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Calipers without a scale originated in ancient China as early as the Qin dynasty (AD 9).. An abridged version. The secondary scale, which contributed extra precision, was invented in 1631 by French mathematician Pierre Vernier (1580-1637). Its use was described in detail in English in Navigatio Britannica (1750) by mathematician and historian John Barrow.Barrow called the device a Vernier scale.
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Motion can be determined by change in position over time. Linear encoder technologies include optical, magnetic, inductive, capacitive and eddy current. Optical technologies include shadow, self imaging and interferometric. Linear encoders are used in metrology instruments, motion systems, inkjet printers and high precision machining tools ranging from digital calipers and coordinate measuring machines to stages, CNC mills, manufacturing gantry tables and semiconductor steppers.
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An official press release on May 21, 2014, announced an €83 million expansion of the Michigan facility. On December 2, 2014, Brembo announced plans to invest €32 million into a 31,500 square meter production facility, which is projected to produce 2 million aluminum calipers yearly. The current expectation is initial operation beginning in 2016 and full operation by the end of 2018.
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The car also features some visual changes including red brake calipers, a fixed rear wing, front bumper mounted winglets and GT badging in place of the standard V10 badging. The car was introduced for the 2012 model year and with a limited production of 333 cars worldwide with 35 destined for the UK market and 90 for the US market.
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The car has a unique hood, front and rear fenders, a WRC-inspired front bumper and a unique adjustable rear wing. During assembly, a WRX Type R chassis was taken off the line. The fenders were replaced with the 22B STi fenders. The suspension is provided by Bilstein, while the brakes were four-pot front/two-pot rear STi calipers, painted red.
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The car was the only coupe version of the WRX STI GC chassis to receive ABS. In order to allow for ABS, the DCCD was dropped. Engine output was boosted to , and the suspension optimised for British roads. Options were available from Subaru consisting of four-piston front brake calipers, electric Recaro seats, 18-inch wheels and a P1 stamped backbox.
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Remy International announced on January 13, 2014 that it would acquire the assets of USA Industries. USA Industries is a worldwide distributor of remanufactured and new alternators, starters, CV axles, and disc brake calipers. It was founded in 1985 in Bay Shore, New York. Today, USA Industries has over 300 employees with warehousing and distribution centers across the United States.
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During assembly, the workforce discovered that the body panels would not fit around the engine. Since he had no further plans for the 350 GTV beyond being a show car, Mr. Lamborghini had the engine bay ballasted with bricks and kept the bonnet shut throughout the Turin Auto Show. The incomplete show car also lacked brake calipers, foot pedals and windshield wipers.
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TRD offers bolt-on headers, sport mufflers, and cat-back exhausts that are 50 state emission legal. Cold air intakes are also sold but not always emission legal. Suspension equipment includes coilovers, springs, dampers and struts, suspension tower braces, sway bars, and wheel upgrades as well. Braking hardware includes full brake kits including calipers, rotors and stainless steel braided brake lines.
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The model is then copied in stone by measuring with calipers or a pointing machine. This method is frequently used when the carving is done by other sculptors, such as artisans or employees of the sculptor. Some artists use the stone itself as inspiration; the Renaissance artist Michelangelo claimed that his job was to free the human form hidden inside the block.
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The Carbon Black was only available as a six-speed automated manual. The DB9 Morning Frost's paint finish is a pearlescent white. However, on the interior, the Morning Frost is fitted with metallic bronze leather and a black center console and interior door handles. On the outside, the Morning Frost has silver 10-spoke wheels, silver brake calipers, and silver grilles.
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Both quantities can be calculated efficiently using rotating calipers. For a curve of constant width such as the Reuleaux triangle, the width and diameter are the same because all such pairs of parallel tangent lines have the same distance. For an ellipse, the standard terminology is different. A diameter of an ellipse is any chord passing through the center of the ellipse.
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Additionally, the or V8 engines were optional. Popular Science magazine reported, "you can have a 1965 Classic as a penny-pinching economy car or a storming performance job." Additional performance options for 1965 included power front disk brakes with four-piston calipers that were supplied by Bendix. The standard 4-wheel drum brakes also continued to feature AMC's "Double-Safety" master cylinder system.
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The front wheel mounts dual disc brakes with cross-drilled, semi- floating 320 mm steel discs and radial-mounted four-piston calipers. At the rear wheel, a cross-drilled 282 mm disc with a dual-piston caliper is mounted. The brake lines are steel reinforced. The brake system on the latest models has standard anti-lock brakes and a switchable traction control system.
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To improve the handling and comfort, the 2009 CTS-V uses BWI Group's MagneRide technology. The dampers, filled with magnetorheological fluid, are adjusted based on sensor readings that happen at 1 ms intervals. The sedan has four-wheel disc brakes similar to the first generation. The front brakes were increased in size to ventilated discs with six piston Brembo fixed calipers.
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Brembo Disc brakes were fitted. The front being 320 mm double discs with radial four-pot calipers, and the rear a single 220 mm with twin pot caliper. The machine used a ride by wire system. The MVICS (Motor Vehicle Integrated Control System) gave four different maps; sport, normal, rain and custom, which allowed the rider great control over the engine.
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Non- adjustable 51 mm inverted forks are combined with a twin-spar steel frame to provide improved handling. Stock suspension setting is firm, providing stability through corners. Although commonly found only in larger sized sport bikes, the Hyosung GT250R comes standard with a 300 mm front disc setup using twin-piston calipers. Rear brakes is a single 230 mm disc.
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The original model featured a lightweight aluminum alloy frame, flatslide carbs, twin discs with 4-pot calipers, and tyres both front and rear. To save weight, the designers specified an air-and-oil-cooled engine, rather than a water- cooled engine. The seat has separate front and rear sections but from 1986 onwards all models have a one-piece seat.
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The chassis is a carbon fiber monocoque with a steel roll cage, all by Dallara. There are also crashboxes which are based on the FIA LMP1 regulations from 2014. All of the bodywork is made of composite. The brake discs are from company Performance Friction, and measure that are made of carbon fiber, and are paired with 6-piston calipers.
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In 1989, the front suspension damper rods were changed to have only two (rather than four for the 1988) holes. The front brake calipers were also changed to have screw-on covers over the mounting pins. In 1991, the oil lines were run internally through the engine, rather than externally. The Canadian model was identical to the US model except for the colors.
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The brakes are six-piston-calipers with 16-inch discs at the front and back. The modified 6.0 L aluminum Mercedes-Benz M120 V12 engine featured a newly developed cylinder head, special intake and exhaust manifolds, as well as forged internals such as pistons and crankshaft to accommodate the forced induction system (i.e., four turbochargers), which brought the output of the engine to .
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Interior Standard equipment includes Mercedes' AGILITY CONTROL semi- adaptive suspension and ATTENTION ASSIST which alerts the driver when the car detects driver fatigue. Models feature front, side, and knee airbags, along with belt tensioners and head restraints. An AMG Sports package can also be optioned, featuring AMG bodystyling, lower suspension, silver painted front brake calipers, and wider 18-inch alloy wheels.
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The Cup Chassis Pack available on the 265 consists of 18-inch matt black alloys with 235/40 R18 95Y Michelin Sport 2 tyres, slotted brake discs, limited slip differential, red brake calipers, stiffer springs/dampers and anti-roll bars. In Australia, the Cup and Cup Trophée models were replaced with the Cup, Cup+ and Trophy+ with slightly more flexible specification levels.
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The rigidly triangulated trellis frame wears 50 mm Marzocchi R.A.C. inverted forks, and has a Sachs/ Öhlins remote reservoir shock attached to a strong, single-sided swing arm. The Marchesini racing wheels wear dual radially mounted Brembo four-piston, two-pad brake calipers matched with 305 mm discs up front, and a 245 mm disc with two-piston caliper at the rear.
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Stopping the R32 comes in the form of blue-painted brake calipers with discs at the front and disks at the rear. The Mk5 R32 was released in the US in August 2007 with a limited production run of 5000. Each R32 has its production number laser etched on its steering wheel. In Chile, the Golf Mk5 was only offered in this model.
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2005 GSX-R1000 K5 The 2005 model year GSX-R1000 had a redesigned engine and chassis. It had lower weight than the previous model and the engine had an larger piston displacement. It had a totally new frame reducing the total length of the bike by but reducing its wheelbase only . There were new brakes with radial mounted calipers and discs at the front.
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Brakes consisted of radially vented brake discs front and rear. The fronts are sized at diameter by thick, and are clamped by Lucas HP2 four-piston calipers. At the rear, the discs are by , and use a Lucas single-piston sliding caliper. Bosch ESP 5.7 Electronic Stability Programme, with Anti-lock Braking System (ABS), Brake Assist, and Electronic Brakeforce Distribution (EBD) completed the brake system.
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The brake calipers themselves, being derived from a racing set-up, do not come fitted with any protective rubber boots which prevent brake dust and debris from coming into contact with the brake pistons. This means the brakes should be serviced regularly (fully dismantled and properly cleaned) to maintain efficiency. Furthermore, the inner portions of the caliper were unpainted aluminium, and are susceptible to corrosion.
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The springs and dampers installed inboard (push-rods, calipers not installed). The overall strength of the chassis is improved with the addition of new tubular steel to the frame. The weight of the car increases, but the torsional stiffness is improved by somewhere between 25% and 100%. The added reinforcement was necessary in order for the CSR to support the heavy 2.3 litre Duratec engine.
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Most measurement requires the use of calipers. Here the measurement of length, wing, tail, tarsus and two forms of culmen measurement are shown. Bird measurement or bird biometrics are approaches to quantify the size of birds in scientific studies. The measurements of the lengths of specific parts and the weights of birds varies between species, populations within species, between the sexes and depending on age and condition.
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The 6" x 13" aluminium alloy wheels are intended for either Goodyear or Dunlop 165/60HR13 low-profile tyres. The servo-assisted braking system has Metro ventilated discs and four-pot calipers at the front, with modified drums at the rear. The car has adjustable shock absorbers all round, and the ride height is lowered. A total of 436 ERA Mini Turbos were produced.
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Also fitted was an all new fuel injection and engine management system made by the Japanese company Keihin. Other engine modifications resulted in a claimed and a broader, flatter torque curve. The design of this new Speed Triple was by the Italian Frascoli Rodolfo. Other improvements included inverted forks, radial disc brake calipers and a redesigned electronic gauge cluster which included a trip computer.
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The Rapid used a unibody structure and a rear- engine, rear-wheel-drive layout. Front suspension was by double wishbones and coil springs. At the rear there were semi-trailing arms and coil springs, a major upgrade from the swing axle of earlier Škodas that gave safer and more predictable handling. Brakes were discs with four-pot calipers at the front, and drums at the rear.
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Trim levels above the basic enthusiast package received a brake system upgrade including a larger brake booster, front dual piston calipers and larger diameter brake disks. Touring and Grand Touring models had radio-steering controls standard, MP3 CD compatibility, and Satellite Radio became an available option. For the 2007 model year, the 350Z was again moderately revised. The VQ35DE V6 was replaced with a new VQ35HR V6.
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Two banjo fittings atop automotive brake calipers. The copper crush washer in the gap between the fitting and body of the caliper completes the seal. Compared to pipe fittings that are themselves threaded, banjo fittings have the advantage that they do not have to be rotated relative to the host fitting. This avoids risk of damage by twisting the hose when screwing the fitting into place.
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The car has a basic interior with essential driver aids. Likewise, though the suspension's layout remains the same, it has been improved to racing specifications. The brakes are upgraded to Brembo carbon-carbon discs and six-piston calipers. The transmission in the DBR9 is a Xtrac six-speed sequential manual, containing a Salisbury friction-plate limited-slip differential, and the prop shaft made of carbon fibre.
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The FPA cars feature fully independent suspension based on a double wishbone design, with geometry which includes anti-squat and anti-dive pushrod operation. Ohlins two-way adjustable dampers, along with adjustable anti-roll bars complete the suspension system. The brakes feature disc brakes all round, with four-piston calipers and radially ventilated and floating discs. A cockpit sited driver adjustable brake bias control is also included.
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GM disc brake caliper (twin-piston, floating) removed from its mounting for changing pads The brake caliper is the assembly which houses the brake pads and pistons. The pistons are usually made of plastic, aluminium or chrome-plated steel. Calipers are of two types, floating or fixed. A fixed caliper does not move relative to the disc and is thus less tolerant of disc imperfections.
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The T had larger brake discs and full front brake calipers. It was also equipped with ABS brakes. The interior featured a turned-metal dashboard with chrome-finished instruments (as opposed to the wood finish in the Continental R), lambswool carpets and a polished aluminium trim, although some cars were specified with traditional wood trim. The Continental T's engine responded to a separate push-button starter.
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P-38 can opener measured by digital calipers. It is . The P-38 is known as a "John Wayne" by the United States Marine Corps, because of its toughness and dependability. The can opener is pocket-sized, approximately long, and consists of a short metal blade that serves as a handle, with a small, hinged metal tooth that folds out to pierce the can lid.
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Rear discs were 266 mm in diameter with 2 pot Alcon calipers. Roll Cage and shell reinforcements were done by Matter France. The F7R engine was tuned by Sodemo and produced around 250 hp in early evolutions (around 275 hp for last evolutions with a destroked engine). The main difference to the Gr.A car was the use of individual throttle bodies and even wilder cams.
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However, in 1995, Shellhart et al. showed during their study that Vernier caliper can also be used as an alternative for Bolton Analysis. Many other investigation models have been developed, such as measurement from photocopies and traveling microscope but the studies have produced no results. Recently, digital calipers from companies such as OrthoCad, are being used to measure the mesiodistal widths of the teeth.
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Pirelli has custom-designed extra-wide 20-inch P Zero Corsa tyres to fit new flow-formed alloy wheels. The Brembo braking system with carbon-ceramic discs weighs around 60% less than the traditional system with steel discs. The front is equipped with 380 x 34 mm ventilated discs, operated by a 6 piston caliper. The rear discs measure 360 x 32 mm with four-piston calipers.
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A representative example of the product of a progressive die is the lid of a beverage can. The pull tab is made in one progressive stamping process and the lid & assembly is made in another, the pull tab simultaneously feeding at a right angle into the lid & assembly process. Also various car brake calipers have plates that are bent into shape, possibly cut too using these methods.
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The Caliber SRT4 uses a MacPherson strut front suspension, and a multilink rear suspension. The SRT4 came with large vented front disc brakes (from the Dodge Charger Police Pack version) with dual-piston calipers and rear single-piston disc brakes. It also featured four-wheel ABS, with electronic assistance. The wheels are , five- spoke, SRT-stamped, painted aluminum and equipped with Goodyear RSA 225/45R19 tires.
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The billet is placed on a lathe. The model bat is placed on a rack above and behind the lathe. # The bat turner revolves the billet slowly on the lathe, sanding and shaving it to an exact replica of the model. Using calipers, the bat turner measures the billet every 1-2 inches (2.54–5 cm) and weighs it repeatedly until it is perfect.
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It was a prototype of GT350 used as a track demonstrator vehicle; which ended up not being used that much as anticipated. It had a supercharged V8 engine, premium interior with Recaro seats, gauges, and 6 piston Wilwood brakes in the front and 4 piston calipers in the rear. It was in the 2013 sales literature and is one of the Heritage Center show cars.
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Not only did this save weight, it also made room available for the retractable rear spoiler. It also has an def limited top speed of about 200 mph (322 km/h) and can go from 0–62 mph (0–100 km/h) in 3.8 seconds. The AMG Speedshift Plus five-speed automatic transmission include "C", "S", "M1", and "M2" which has gearshift times 25 percent quicker than the "M1" mode. The Black Series front axle track width is 97 millimetres wider and the rear axle track width 85 millimetres wider over regular model. Other changes include retractable rear spoiler and the rear apron with diffuser fins, 265/35R19 front tyres with 19×9.5 inch AMG light-alloy wheels and AMG 20×11.5-inch light-alloy wheels with 325/30R20 tyres (Dunlop Sport Maxx GT tyres), 6-piston front calipers with 390×36mm discs and 4-piston calipers with 360×26mm discs.
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All had front sway bars and upper models had rear sway bars as well. Brakes were either small all-wheel discs with twin-piston calipers (only available on the Japanese-market 2.0-Si model), larger all- wheel discs with single piston calipers, or a front disc/rear drum system. ABS was available as an option on the 4-wheel disc brake models, though not in North America. Base model Accords rode on 13-inch steel wheels with hubcaps with more expensive models having the option of 14-inch alloy wheels. The Accord's available engines varied depending on its market: Japan received the A18A, A20A, B18A, B20A and A20A3 (US imported cars); Europe received the A16A1, A20A1, A20A2, A20A3, A20A4, B20A2, and B20A8; Australia and New Zealand received A20A2 and A20A4; other regions received A20A2 and/or A16A1; while United States, Canada and Taiwan (US imported cars) received the A20A1 and A20A3.
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See: John Barrow, Navigatio britannica: or a complete system of navigation ... (London, England: W. and J. Mount and T. Page, 1750), pp. 140–142, especially page 142. While calipers are the most typical use of vernier scales today, they were originally developed for angle-measuring instruments such as astronomical quadrants. In some languages, the vernier scale is called a nonius after Portuguese mathematician, cosmographer Pedro Nunes (Latin Petrus Nonius, 1502–1578).
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The suspension system features sacrificial slip-fixings to protect expensive major components from damage. To create the 50:50 weight balance the battery is located in the trunk/boot, consuming space normally accommodating the spare wheel. The rear boot floor and trunk lid are steel, contributing to balanced weight distribution. Single-piston brake calipers are provided with one of three different sizes of brake discs fitted, depending on the vehicle's configuration.
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The front suspension used an Öhlins 42 mm inverted telescopic forks, similar to those used on the Ducati 888 Corsa, and the rear used a cantilevered Ohlins DU2041 shock. It had a Termignoni exhaust and 3 spoke Marchesini magnesium wheels. The front brakes were Brembo 280 mm fully floating iron front discs and Brembo P4 30-34 racing calipers. The Supermono inherited many of its features from 888 Racing.
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Also for the model year of 2008, the Saab 9-7X with the 5.3 L V8 engine was available with Displacement on Demand technology to reduce fuel consumption. Saab had made enhancements to the vehicle's GM made chassis. Saab had also added a lower ride height, firmer springs and shock absorbers, larger brakes with steel front calipers, a strengthened frame, steering revisions and a thicker front stabiliser bar.
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The Uni-Trak system was designed to provide a progressively stiffer damping and spring rate under compression. The rear suspension unit is fully adjustable in terms of damping, preload and compression. The front suspension found on the ZX-7R comprises a fully adjustable 8-way compression and 12-way rebound 43 mm inverted cartridge fork. Front brakes are 320 mm semi-floating front discs and Tokico six-piston calipers.
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D.R. Mehta (born 25 June 1937) is a former chairman of Securities and Exchange Board of India. He is a founder and chief patron of Bhagwan Mahaveer Viklang Sahayata Samiti (BMVSS), the world's largest organization for the handicapped in terms of free fitment of artificial limbs/calipers etc. Mehta is a recipient of Padma Bhushan, one of the highest Indian civilian awards, for his contribution to social cause.
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D.R. Mehta has been active in social field throughout his life. He set up Bhagwan Mahaveer Viklang Sahayata Samiti (BMVSS)in Jaipur in 1975 and is now its full- time honorary volunteer. Under his leadership, BMVSS emerged as the largest organization for the handicapped in the world, providing artificial limbs / calipers and other aids and appliances for free. More than 1 million people have been its beneficiaries so far.
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The CC8S uses magnesium alloy wheels with center-locking hubs, to which 225/40ZR 18" front and 335/40ZR 20" rear Michelin Pilot Sport 2 tyres are mounted. The brake discs are cross-drilled for increased ventilation, and measure at the front and at the rear. The brake calipers contain 6 pistons in front and 4 pistons at the rear. The brakes are power-assisted by the Koenigsegg Advanced Control System.
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In 2005, the CBR600RR received a major revision with new bodywork, fully adjustable inverted front forks, disc brakes with radial-mounted four-piston calipers, and a new aluminum frame, swingarm and rear shock. The midrange power was also increased. These changes along with additional refinements to the engine and exhaust system brought CBR600RR's wet weight down by , and dry weight by .. The 2006 model was unchanged from the 2005 model.
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This is a concept model based on the 2002 Fiesta RallyeConcept. It includes many of the RallyeConcept Fiesta features such as the cooling vents in the front bumper, deep side rockers, white ceramic-coated brake calipers and exhaust tips, and a large rear spoiler. It also includes 18-inch alloy wheels with low-profile tyres, extended wheel arches, and lowered and stiffened suspension. The engine is rated at over .
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Its 696 V-twin has the highest power output per cc of any Ducati air-cooled engine. The Monster 1100 was announced in September 2008. Based on the Monster 696, it comes with a larger 1078 cc engine, a single sided swingarm, radial brake calipers, larger forks and taller suspension. In 2009, Ducati sold over 12,000 696 models, the first of their motorcycles to sell over 10,000 bikes in one year.
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Front suspension became air-assisted. The brake calipers on the front wheel, previously mounted on the front, were now mounted behind the forks. The dualseat was the same and could carry a pillion. Further changes included a revised instrument cluster derived from the 1000cc SP. Brakes were linked, with the handlebar lever operating the front right caliper and the footbrake operating both the front left and rear caliper.
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The combination of these elements helps maintain structural integrity and chassis rigidity. Braking systems combine higher performance brake pads and multi-piston calipers that clamp onto oversized vented rotors. Suspension systems are advanced in terms of adjustments and materials for increased stability and durability. Most sport bikes have fairings, often completely enclosing the engine, and windscreens that effectively deflect the air at very high speeds, or at least reduce overall drag.
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The FJ1100 and early FJ1200 used twin ventilated disc brakes for the front wheel with a single ventilated disc at the rear. FJ1200 models, 3CV & 3XW, used solid front discs but retained the rear ventilated disc, front brake calipers were upgraded to a four-piston design. An anti-lock braking system was used on the FJ1200A. A full fairing protects the rider, varying height fixed windscreens were available as options.
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In 2000 Mercedes-Benz presented CL 55 AMG F1 Limited Edition model. With production limited to only 55 numbered examples, cars sported lighter carbon-ceramic brake discs with special eight-piston Brembo calipers. Model was based on a standard naturally aspirated CL 55 AMG with identical performance values but better stopping power. Available only in metallic silver with black and silver leather interior with an option of sports bucket seats.
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The wheels were the largest ever placed on a production Corvette, with both front and rear wheels increasing in size and diameter over the Z06. Carbon-ceramic brakes are included. The brake calipers are painted blue, as are the engine intercooler trim and the ZR1 logo. Magnetic Selective Ride Control was also included on the car, with sensors to automatically adjust stiffness levels based on road conditions and vehicle movement.
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Optional disc brakes now had updated single-piston calipers. The exhaust manifolds featured a new center divider for better performance. Other changes to the engine were minimal, but the Turnpike Cruiser option was deleted. However, another high-performance engine was offered. Called the W-32, it came with the Forced Air Induction plumbing found on the W-30s, but it had a milder cam like the base engine.
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The newest plant (Plant number 6) of the Waupaca Foundry, Inc. is located in Etowah. The plant makes quality grey and ductile steel components that are used in the automotive and farming markets. The foundry makes parts (such as control arms, differential covers and cases, and brake calipers) for the new Ford F-series heavy duty trucks, Dodge Caravan, Hummer H2, GMC Envoy, Chrysler 300C/Dodge Charger, and the Toyota Camry.
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The CTR3 is equipped with forged aluminum wheels with diameters of 19 inches at the front and 20 inches at the rear. The tires are Michelin Pilot Super Sports with codes of 255/35 ZR 19 for the front and 335/30 ZR 20 for the rear. The brakes are ventilated ceramic composite discs, with a diameter of 380mm each and utilizing six-piston aluminium calipers at the front and rear.
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It has a carbon fibre composite monocoque chassis, and uses Brembo carbon disc brakes with six-piston calipers, whilst the front and rear suspensions consist of double wishbones, push-rod actuated springs connected to Sachs dampers, and anti-roll bars . The car made its first public static appearance at the 1000 km of Nürburgring in July 2006, which was the third round of the Le Mans Series (LMS).
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Suspension was simple but effective with double wishbone and coil springs at the front, and a live rear axle with trailing arms and coils at the rear. Brakes consisted of discs at the front and drums at the rear. The suspension, steering gear, brakes and rear axle were adapted from the Vauxhall Firenza with the exception of the front brakes, which were the widely used Girling Type 14 Calipers.
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A tree caliper The two most common instruments used to measure DBH are a girthing (or diameter) tape and calipers. A girthing tape actually measures the girth (circumference) of the tree; the girthing tape is calibrated in divisions of π centimetres (3.14159 cm). The measure assumes the trunk has a circular cross-section and gives a directly converted reading of the diameter. It is accurate for most plantation trees.
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Ford Puma rally car Group B (Andrew Costin-Hurley and Bryan Hull) at Trax 2006 In 2008, Luke Pinder raced the R2 class of the British Rally Championship in a Super 1600 Ford Puma. Ford produced a Ford Puma kit car, which was designed specifically for rallying. The Puma's technical details included a Zetec SE all-alloy engine with four cylinders and 16 valves at 1596 cm3, power over at 9000 rpm, front wheel drive via a Hewland six-speed sequential gearbox, limited slip differential, dynamic front suspension using MacPherson struts with adjustable spring platforms, Ford Racing rear trailing arm beam with adjustable dynamic suspension, Alcon front brakes with diameter ventilated discs using four-piston calipers, Alcon diameter solid disc rear brakes with two piston calipers, a welded steel safety roll cage, and front and rear wheel arches and bumpers in composite. The fuel tank was a 55-litre capacity FIA ‘bag’ tank located beneath the rear floor.
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It is a version of RS Q3 with increased engine power to and , seven-speed S tronic transmission, matt titanium-look finish parts (frame of the air inlet duct and the quattro logo, singleframe, lateral flaps in the air inlets, trim strips at the side windows, exterior mirror housings, roof rails, upper edge of the diffuser, fins of the roof edge spoiler), Ascari blue metallic body colour, 20-inch wheels in a five twin-spoke V design in matt titanium, red brake calipers bearing the RS logo (optional black calipers), dial instruments in gray faces, white dials and red needles; seats in the color combination black and blue with optional RS performance design package, blue contrast stitching at RS sport leather steering wheel, selector lever gaiter, center armrest and the floor mats; inlays in carbon twill blue with blue thread is woven into the carbon material. The vehicle was unveiled in 2016 the Geneva Motor Show. Delivery began in the second quarter of 2016.
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Shelby GT500 Shelby GT500 (with export modifications) For 2007, Ford's SVT launched Shelby GT500, a successor to the 2003/2004 Mustang SVT Cobra. The GT500 shared basic design characteristics with that of the Mustang V6 and GT. It retained the same basic live axle rear suspension setup of the Mustang V6 and GT, with some minor durability enhancements such as thicker sheet metal supports and extra welds, as well as redesigned strut towers to accommodate a wider engine. The supercharged and intercooled DOHC 4 valves per cylinder V8 engine with an iron block and aluminum heads was rated at at 6000 rpm and of torque at 4500 rpm. The Tremec TR6060 6-speed manual transmission used a 3.31:1 rear drive ratio. Wheels are 18×9.5 inch with P255/45ZR18 tires in the front and P285/40ZR18 tires in the rear. Brembo 14-inch disc brakes with aluminum four-piston calipers are on the front with 11.8-inch disc brakes with single-piston calipers in the rear.
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This can be identified by the loop tail frame and gusset with two holes in it. This first version (1982-1983) was originally available in three variants: The basic model was available with either a blue or red frame. It had conventional wire-spoked wheels, matt black front forks, yellow saddle and frame pads, and gold coloured brake calipers and levers. Typical UK retail price of the basic model in 1982 was £120.
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The front sports a large honeycomb grille with a black lower bumper trim, while the rear has a diffuser-style rear bumper. The roof spoiler is also exclusive, with wider side sill panels, larger wheels and red brake calipers. Inside, the sports seats, integrated headrests, starter button, sport steering wheel, shift knob, stainless-steel pedals and special interior fabrics are also unique. Additionally, a background exterior light is integrated within the grille.
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The RMR Genesis is a version of the Genesis Coupe 2.0T with an RMR turbo kit, HKS sequential transmission, K&W; coil over suspension, silver and black body colour scheme, RMR wide body kit, functional hood scoop, carbon fiber wing, Enkei racing wheels with Bridgestone Protenza RE-01 tires, Brembo brake calipers, Sparco steering wheel and seats, eight-point roll cage, and an RMR carbon fiber dashboard. The vehicle was unveiled at SEMA 2008.
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The GSX-R1100's frame was somewhat stiffer than the frame on the GSX-R750 - the box section is noticeably thicker when compared side to side. Handling was secure, but not particularly fast. The brakes consisted of two full floating discs at the front gripped by two Sumitomo four-piston calipers and a small fixed disc gripped by a twin-piston caliper at the rear; Suzuki referred to this as the "Deca Piston" setup.
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On 2 April 2012, the Swedish version of the Discovery Channel aired a special episode called Wheeler Dealers Sverige Special (Wheeler Dealers Sweden Special). In this episode, the Swedish presenters bought a Ford Mustang for 55,000 SEK. After having to refurbish the brake calipers, swap the engine and giving the car a new paint job, they were able to sell it for 135,000 SEK, giving them a total profit of 28,000 SEK.
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He took out patents on dividers and calipers in 1867, a steam-generator in 1868, a sole sewing-machine in 1876, and a centering watchmaker's lathe on July 10, 1882. He subsequently engaged in the manufacture of watchmakers' tools, but soon retired from business, and took much interest in agriculture. In the early 1890s he developed a system for producing fertilizer by filtering Fitchburg's sewage. He served as an alderman in Fitchburg.
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The bike featured a Showa 3 way adjustable rear shock, and 45mm 3 way adjustable Showa forks similar to those on the CBR900RR. Nissin 4 pot calipers were standard up front, and a single piston rear. The restyling by designers John Mockett and Rod Scivyer saw the introduction of the twin "bug eye" headlamps which are a Triumph trademark to this day. When introduced in 1997 the T509 had a polished frame.
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MV Agusta Brutale 989 R at the 2007 EICMA in Milan Introduced in 2008, the Brutale 989 R used a 982 cc engine which was produced by over-boring the 910 cc engine of previous models. The engine produced 142 bhp (106 kW). The 50mm Marzocchi forks had been revised and provided an extra 4 mm of travel. A fully adjustable Sachs rear shock and Brembo four-piston radial brake calipers were fitted.
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The brake pad and disc (both now having the friction material), then "stick" to each other, providing the friction that stops the vehicle. In disc brakes, there are usually two brake pads per disc rotor. These are held in place and actuated by a caliper affixed to the wheel hub or suspension upright. Racing calipers, however, can utilize up to six pads, with varying frictional properties in a staggered pattern for optimum performance.
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In October 2006, Yamaha announced an updated FZ6 for the 2007 model year. The FZ6 received optimized fuel injection (FI) system mapping, redesigned fairing and windscreen, new instrument cluster with analog tachometer and digital speedometer (similar to the FZ1), new four-piston monoblock brake calipers for the front brake, alumite-finished front forks with revised damping, a three- way catalytic converter, a new seat design, a new rear swingarm, and new passenger footpegs.
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The brake calipers are supplied by Brembo. The interior of the car has carbon fibre as its main element and has all of the main controls of the car integrated into the steering wheel. Vital information of the car such as speed and rpm are displayed on a motorsports-style display screen on the steering column. The seats are carbon-fibre shells fixed to the chassis and have foam padding applied on them.
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The parking brake used separate mechanical calipers acting on the discs. Late XJS with outboard brakesFor the 1993–1996 model XJS, the brakes were moved to the outboard position. This was achieved using the hub carriers from the Second Generation IRS, which by that time had already been in production for seven years for the XJ6 (XJ40). Moving the rear brakes outboard eliminated the heat transfer problem and allowed for easier servicing.
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Front and rear suspension is infinitely adjustable. Brakes are from Brembo, the front being 320 mm double discs with radial four-pot calipers, and the rear a single 220 mm with twin pot caliper. Rear panniers with built in lights and, a first for MV, a small adjustable screen are fitted. A new 4.2-gallon fuel tank is fitted that is shorter, allowing a longer seat and brings the riders weight forward.
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A vernier throttle is a throttle often used in aircraft. It uses a cable and a screw mechanism to provide the operator precise control over an engine's operation. The concept is similar in use to vernier calipers which have a primary scale for gross measurements, and a secondary scale for fine measurements. Like many other inventions that bear his name, the Vernier throttle is based on the work of mathematician Pierre Vernier.
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The emissions controlling technology badge helped identify which vehicles had reduced emissions tax liability. Select models also were available with four-wheel disc brakes and twin piston calipers on the front brakes. The models installed with the diesel engine was exclusive to Toyota Diesel Store locations. The Hardtop Sedan model has a front chrome grill and square headlights, but was no longer considered a true hardtop, due to the inclusion of a "B" pillar.
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Note the indicator stalk from the Morris Marina. Other improvements debuting on the VT included front air intakes below the driving lamps to improve brake cooling, larger intakes in the rear arches, a more ergonomic interior with a revised electronically adjustable dampers, four-piston brake calipers, power steering, and minor engine refinements. Many of these improvements, save the four-wheel drive system, soon transferred to the base Diablo, making the cars visually nearly identical.
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The fairing fasteners were hidden to uncomplicate custom paint work. The twin-spar aluminum frame was carried over from the previous version, and wheelbase, rake/trail, and seat height were the same, while overall length grew by two inches, and the taller windscreen added about ½ inch. Weight was saved by omitting the centerstand. Technical improvements in the chassis include Tokico radial brake calipers, allowing smaller discs and therefore lower unsprung weight, translating into superior handling.
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Body colored ground effects, Heritage grille, Blade spoiler, and antenna. Red engine cover and red-colored Brembo brake calipers. Premium floor mats with red edging and Silver stripe Yenko inspired decals on hood, mailslot, rear deck, and side gills. Level Two (RPO: AJB): All Content from Level One package with the addition of dealer-installed 21” wide five-spoke wheels with "Blade Silver" inserts and "Red Flange" stripe along the edge of wheels.
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A limited number of 250 Sierras were made for the purposes of homologation, as this model was the premier Ford used in Group A racing. The XR8 was fitted with the 302 ci engine from the US Ford Mustang, and the Borg Warner T5 heavy duty transmission. Front brakes were AP Racing four-piston calipers on 280 mm discs. Max power is and a top speed of was claimed.Tutte le Auto del Mondo 1985, p.
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In all cases, these are chord measurements (measured in a straight line from point to point, ignoring any curve in the culmen) taken with calipers. The shape or color of the culmen can also help with the identification of birds in the field. For example, the culmen of the parrot crossbill is strongly decurved, while that of the very similar red crossbill is more moderately curved.Mullarney, Svensson, Zetterström and Grant (1999), p. 357.
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Larger-capacity panniers (left capacity increased from 18 to 24 litres; right capacity increased from 16.7 to 19.5 litres) with more secure cover latches and hinges were fitted. The engine was overhauled with lighter pistons and other engine modifications to reduce vibration. A catalytic converter was fitted to ensure compliance with the stricter EU emissions laws. A combined braking system was fitted and the front brakes were upgraded to 3-piston calipers.
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The steel space frame chassis was designed using finite element analysis software. The chassis is strong enough to withstand a heavy impact, whilst also being as light as possible. The suspension consists of racing shock absorbers, with a conventional double wishbone arrangement at the front and a trailing arm at the rear. Special brake calipers are used, which retract to ensure there are no frictional losses when the brakes are not applied.
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The suspension geometry was also revised, and an anti-roll bar was fitted to the rear suspension. ATE disc brakes were fitted from the outset, but with bigger front discs and calipers than the ones fitted to GT 1300 Juniors and late Giulia Sprint GT Veloces. The changes resulted in significant improvements to the handling and braking, which once again made it easier for the driver to maintain high average speeds for fast touring.
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Ordinarily, these are crafted from Linden trees. There is a popular misconception that they are carved from one piece of wood. Rather, they are produced using: a lathe equipped with a balance bar; four heavy long distinct types of chisels (hook, knife, pipe, and spoon); and a "set of handmade wooden calipers particular to a size of doll." The tools are hand forged by a village blacksmith from car axles or other salvage.
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Both Ferrari and McLaren fitted a revised aerodynamic package aimed primarily at improving their car's performance in the qualifying session. Ferrari brought a new engine called the 049B and installed smaller Brembo brake calipers and lighter disc pads. McLaren mounted cooling chimneys on both sides of the MP4-15 to facilitate in the disposal of heat. Williams brought new cast titanium uprights that the team elected not to use at the preceding Spanish Grand Prix.
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The front brakes of the RS 250 are Brembo dual 298 mm discs with Brembo Oro four-piston calipers. The rear brake is a single 220 mm disc with a Brembo twin-piston caliper. The front & rear rims are lightweight, 5 spokes, cast aluminum rims are 3.50x17 up front (3.0x17 on the older models) and 4.50x17 out back that require tires of 120/60x17 and 150/60x17, respectively. Aprilia RS250GP1 on the road.
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The TS1 GT is equipped with forged aluminum wheels with diameters of at the front and at the rear. The car uses Michelin Pilot Sport 4S or Pilot Sport Cup 2 tires with codes of 265/35 ZR 19 at the front and 345/30 ZR 20 at the rear. The brakes are ventilated carbon ceramic discs, with a diameter of at the front and at the rear, each equipped with six-piston aluminum calipers.
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The flip-up anti-aircraft rear sights of a Type 99 rifle. The calipers on the sides are to determine the speed of the targeted aircraft. To gain the superior hitting power of the larger 7.7mm cartridge, several caliber 6.5mm Type 38 rifles were modified for the new round. Although the tests proved satisfactory, the army decided that the added recoil and larger chambering for the 7.7mm cartridge would require an entirely new rifle for the cartridge.
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For the convex polygon, a linear time algorithm for the minimum- area enclosing rectangle is known. It is based on the observation that a side of a minimum-area enclosing box must be collinear with a side of the convex polygon.. It is possible to enumerate boxes of this kind in linear time with the approach called rotating calipers by Godfried Toussaint in 1983.. The same approach is applicable for finding the minimum-perimeter enclosing rectangle.
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As a philanthropist, he runs the VAF (Victory Arts Foundation) that teaches dance to underprivileged children and children with mental and physical disabilities to help them experience the pleasure of expression through "dance as therapy". . The Foundation has 2 dance groups: 1\. Victory Dance Team (VDT) – Individuals from underprivileged background and hearing impaired 2\. Victory on Wheels (VOW) – Mixed group of Individuals on wheelchairs, crutches, calipers, with down syndrome, cerebral palsy, autism, apert syndrome, polio, etc.
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Inside, the special version is finished in brown, with Cohiba leather and Alcantara trim. The RCZ Magnetic is available exclusively in Britain, with production limited to 170 units. Models are available in pearlescent black with Flame Red leather sports seats or white with black leather sports seats, with matte black roof arches and a black grille, brake calipers and door mirrors. They also feature a soft touch leather sports steering wheel and a short shift gear lever.
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This means that the very common hybrid disc/drum systems only brake with the discs on light pedal pressure unless extra hardware is added. In practice, a metering valve prevents hydraulic pressure from reaching the front calipers until pressure rises enough to overcome the return springs in the drum brakes. If the metering valve were left out, the vehicle would stop only with the front discs until return spring pressure on the rear shoes were overcome.
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In 1991, The New York Times published a feature article on maintenance of the garden. An employee monitors the sculptures with weekly inspections, driving around in a golf cart "outfitted with brooms, brushes, a ladder, calipers, thermometers and a can of Pepsi." Nature and pollution can threaten the artwork. In the spring, birds like to nest in a work by Nevelson, chipmunks prefer the mysterious inner spaces of Judith Brown's "Caryatid", a welded steel sculpture made of automobile parts.
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Two-armed wheel truing stand One-armed wheel truing stand A wheel truing stand is a specialized tool for "truing" (straightening) bicycle wheels. Individual models differ slightly, but all consist of an axle stand on which the wheel can rotate and calipers, to measure slight deviations of the wheel's rim from ideal alignment. The stand is used in conjunction with an appropriately sized spoke wrench to loosen or tighten the spokes that connect the wheel's hub to the rim.
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Calipers are set to magazine length. Handloading costs for the 6.5mm Creedmoor are roughly-equivalent to other 6.5 mm cartridges, such as the 6.5×47mm Lapua, due to the availability of Lapua small primer brass for both cartridges. As of January 2020 Lapua is also manufacturing 6.5 Creedmoor brass with large rifle primers. Norma makes brass for the cartridge, and Norma brass is available through several major-retailers at approximately the same cost as Lapua brass.
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Early versions had conventional suspension, consisting of hydraulically damped telescoping front forks and dual coil-over shocks at the rear. Later versions had air-assisted forks and featured Honda's Pro-Link monoshock rear suspension. US bikes (except GL500I, GL650I and Turbo) were equipped with a single front disc brake whereas all other bike possess dual front disc brakes. Besides the 'vanilla' CX500B, models after 1980 sport dual piston calipers replacing the single piston caliper of the earlier models.
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Many of these features were seen as very exotic for the time, and modern adjustable sportbike suspension can trace design roots to these features. The braking system was improved via the use of dual floating front discs and racing style piston calipers on the ventilated rear disc. This was the first used on the honda cbx 1000 in 1981...then used on the vf1000r (sc 16). Compared to the VF1000F, the VF1000R had completely different bodywork and rider positioning.
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An independent suspension in front used wishbones and a single leaf spring, while a beam axle with a panhard rod and leaf springs was used in back. Four wheel Dunlop disc brakes were fitted to first series Fulvias. With the introduction of the second series in 1970 the brakes were uprated with larger Girling calipers all round and a brake servo. The handbrake design was also changed - using separate drums and brake-shoes operating on the rear wheels.
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A radial brake caliper is mounted parallel to the forward direction on the braking system, making them more rigid than the traditional axial mount, and not prone to torsional flexing. The lack of slight lateral movement allows more precise braking and crisper feeling brakes. Radial calipers can make modifying an existing disc brake with larger rotors simpler because the entire mounting bracket does not need to be replaced, needing only a spacer between the bracket and the caliper.
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A toothed chisel or claw chisel has multiple gouging surfaces which create parallel lines in the stone. These tools are generally used to add texture to the figure. An artist might mark out specific lines by using calipers to measure an area of stone to be addressed, and marking the removal area with pencil, charcoal or chalk. The stone carver generally uses a shallower stroke at this point in the process, usually in combination with a wooden mallet.
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It has an increased bore to 944cc and a heavier flywheel appropriate to its touring function. The suspension in fully adjustable for the early production series, with upside- down Showa forks at the front and Sachs rear shock, the same as the Ducati 916 Superbike but with softer damper ratings. The ST2 front brakes have twin 320mm floating Brembo discs and four-piston calipers, while the rear uses Brembo single 245mm disc with a twin-piston caliper.
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Rear view showing inboard brake discsFor the first 32 years of production of the first generation IRS, the disc brakes were mounted at the inboard ends of the driveshafts in order to minimise unsprung weight at the outboard end. The hydraulic brake calipers were mounted directly onto the differential. Care was taken to prevent heat generated by the brakes from damaging the differential output seals, although this was never totally successful.Skilleter, P. (1980) Jaguar Saloon Cars, Haynes, Yeovil.
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Once the general shape of the statue has been determined, the sculptor uses other tools to refine the figure. A toothed chisel or claw chisel has multiple gouging surfaces which create parallel lines in the stone. These tools are generally used to add texture to the figure. An artist might mark out specific lines by using calipers to measure an area of stone to be addressed and marking the removal area with pencil, charcoal or chalk.
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The Gallardo LP 560-4 Gold Edition(金色限量版) is a limited (10 units) version of the Gallardo LP 560-4 for the Chinese market, with gold body color, black engine cover frame, LED headlamps, Cordelia glossy wheels, red brake calipers, black interior, red stitching and embroidery at steering wheel and headrest. The vehicle was unveiled at the 2012 Shenzhen- HongKong-Macau International Auto Show, and was sold for 3.988 million yuan (US$810,000).
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The 2016 Dodge Viper ACR came installed with an all-new aerodynamic body kit made from carbon fiber, that included a new front splitter and a fixed carbon fiber rear wing, altogether producing a total of of downforce at corners. The Viper V10 engine generated the same power output at 6,200 rpm and of torque at 5,000 rpm as in all other Viper trims. The brakes were from Brembo, with discs and calipers built specifically for the car.
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As with the 650S, the 675LT makes use of single- piece carbon fibre monocell weighing , and carbon fibre use in the vehicle is increased in order to further minimise weight and increase rigidity. The 675LT is supplied with new carbon ceramic brake discs to increase braking performance over the 650S. Disc sizes are 394 mm at the front and 380 mm at the rear. Six-piston calipers grip the front discs with four-piston caliper used for the rears.
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Also available were the DOHC four-cylinder 16-valve CBX750, CBX650, CBX550, CBX400 and the single-cylinder CBX250. The CBX550 and CBX400 featured inboard disc brakes that were designed to mitigate problems caused by wet-weather braking. The CBX550 had two internally ventilated cast iron disks up front with inside-out dual piston calipers and a single enclosed disk system in the rear. The very similar CBX400 made do with an enclosed single disc in the front.
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Once the general shape of the statue has been determined, the sculptor uses other tools to refine the figure. A toothed chisel or claw chisel has multiple gouging surfaces which create parallel lines in the stone. These tools are generally used to add texture to the figure. An artist might mark out specific lines by using calipers to measure an area of stone to be addressed and marking the removal area with pencil, charcoal or chalk.
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The number of adipocytes varies among different areas of the body, while their size varies according to the body's nutritional state. It acts as padding and as an energy reserve, as well as providing some minor thermoregulation via insulation. Subcutaneous fat is found just beneath the skin, as opposed to visceral fat, which is found in the peritoneal cavity, and can be measured using body fat calipers to give a rough estimate of total body adiposity.
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A fast-filling racing fuel cell replaced the standard gasoline tank. The suspension was stiffened and lowered, and racing brake calipers were installed. Thirty cars were initially planned to be produced but actual production amounted to 40 units, and 40 chassis were prepared to replace cars wrecked in racing accidents. In the hands of multiple Australian Drivers' Champion Paul Stokell, a Diablo GTR run by Team Lamborghini Australia won the 2003 and 2004 Australian Nations Cup Championships.
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The 43 mm Marzocchi upside-down forks are, like the rear Sachs shock absorber, are fully adjustable, as usual in this class. The cassette gearbox can be fitted with an automatic switchgear (MV Agusta EAS) for a surcharge. Braking is provided by Brembo, with two 320 mm diameter discs at the front, with radial-mounted four- piston calipers, and a 220 mm diameter disc and a double-piston caliper at the rear. The wheels are made of aluminium.
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Car & Driver measured the third-generation Prius at 0.26 in a privately arranged five-way wind-tunnel test of comparable cars. An underbody rear fin helps stabilize the vehicle at higher speeds. A new front-drive platform underpinned the car, although the wheelbase remained unchanged and overall length grew by a lone centimetre. Weight-saving aluminum was employed in the hood, rear hatch, front axle and brake calipers (disc brakes were finally assigned to all four wheels).
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A set of Imperial gauge blocks. The standards followed, the industry served, quality control, and mainly the type of practices in the machine shop, will denote the utilization of precision inspection instruments, and the accuracy of metrology employed. This means that not all machine shops implement a periodic interval for calibrating measuring devices. Not all machine shops have the same type of measuring instruments, though it is common to find micrometers, Vernier calipers, granite surface plates, among others.
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As the Ultima Mk1 was a kit car, it required a variety of donor parts to complete. The Mk1 uses the 2.6L V6 and five-speed transaxle from the Renault 30 as well as that car's driveshafts, hubs, wheel bearings and gear lever. It also uses the steering components, front uprights, front hubs, front brakes and handbrake lever from the Mk3 Ford Cortina as well as the radiator from the Austin Princess and rear calipers from the Lancia Beta.
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The Arrizo 5 Sport is the performance variant of the Arrizo 5. The engine is a 1.5L turbo with and of torque, mated to a five-speed manual or a CVT. The Arrizo 5 Sport gets a body kit including a redesigned front bumper, side skirts, new 5 spoke alloys, red brake calipers, a spoiler on the rear deck, and red interior trim. Pricing for the Arrizo 5 Sport starts from 76,900 yuan to 97,900 yuan.
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With his machines being used around the locality, Bharali was approached by needy, if he could help them. Bharali started offering support both in the form of monthly-monetary support and calipers and others to better their lot. Machines to feed the disabled, slippers for knees, cleaners, and de-weeders for amputees, the list of his inventions kept growing. Bharali makes it a point to avoid publicity and shuns the marketing budget to sell his wares.
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The front brakes of the GT1000 were derived from the other SportClassic models, and had two Brembo floating calipers with 30 and 32 mm diameter thermally insulated pistons. They were semi-floating discs with a diameter of 320 mm and a thickness of 4 mm. The rear brake system consisted of a floating single piston Brembo 34 mm caliper with high friction sintered pads and a 245 mm disc (bigger rear disc for two-up riders).
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The BMW X6 M and X5 M are the first vehicles from BMW M GmbH to have xDrive all-wheel-drive system and automatic transmissions, and are also crossovers as opposed to passenger cars. The X6 M was unveiled at the 2009 New York Auto Show and first went on sale in September 2009. The high-performance M derivative features a twin scroll twin turbo version of the 4.4-litre V8 BMW N63 engine with the Cylinder-bank Comprehensive Manifold (CCM). The engine is rated at 6,000 rpm and at 1,500–5,650 rpm. Other features include 6-speed M Sports automatic transmission with aluminum pull-style paddles on the steering wheel, M Dynamic Mode feature, lower Adaptive Drive suspension, 4-piston fixed calipers with 15.6" rotor at front and single piston floating calipers with 15.2" rotor at rear, 20-inch alloy wheels with 275/40R20 front and 315/35R20 run flat tires, hill descent control, dynamic stability control, special gills in the front fenders, 20-inch light-alloy wheels.
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Jaguar XKR-S The XKR-S is a limited production (200 units) version of the XKR coupé for the European market, 50 units were built in RHD for the UK, 150 units were built in LHD, it was not sold outside of the UK or EU. It was a 2009 model year vehicle but built in 2008. The model was developed by Jaguar's Special Vehicles team in collaboration with British competition brake specialist Alcon and has an electronically limited top speed of . The additional performance was achieved through improved aerodynamics (reduced drag and lift) and a revised suspension set-up. Other changes include an S Alcon R Performance braking system with 400 mm diameter front and 350 mm rear brake discs, six-piston front calipers and four-piston rear calipers, recalibrated suspension, Ultimate Black body colour, XKR-S badging on the rear of the car, a 10 mm lower ride height, 20-inch Vortex forged alloy wheels with bespoke tyres, an active exhaust system, leather upholstery with Charcoal with Ivory twin-needle contrast stitching, Piano Black veneer and a Charcoal Alston luxury headliner.
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2002: The CB400SF Hyper VTEC Spec II changed the operation of the VTEC system to trigger at 6,300 rpm along with updated ignition timing map. An LCD odometer/trip- meter and clock + fuel gauge were integrated in the speedometer and tachometer faces respectively, as well as adding the HISS ignition security system. Air intake noise was reduced by enhancing the surface rigidity of the air cleaner case. Lighter, smaller oil filter and front brake calipers were lifted from the super-sport CBR900RR.
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Volkswagen's premium 8-speaker Monsoon stereo system was also standard. Mechanically, the 20th Anniversary Edition GTI is nearly identical to the GTI 337 Edition. A 6-speed manual 02M transmission marked the most notable departure from the norm, and upgraded suspension stiffened up the ride and lowered the car approximately 30 mm. Upgraded disc brakes front (12.3" vented rotors) and rear (10.3" vented rotors) helped bring things to a stop, while red powder-coated calipers added a bit of flair to the package.
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The standard brakes on the RS 4 are of two-piece construction. The cast-iron discs are cross-drilled and radially ventilated and float on aluminium alloy disc hubs. The two-piece disc construction reduces unsprung mass and also reduces the transmission of heat generated by the brakes to the wheel bearings. The front discs are in diameter and thick, and use gloss black Brembo monoblock eight-opposed-piston fixed calipers from the Lamborghini Gallardo but with Red/Silver 'RS 4' logos.
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Georgia Bishop-Cash was born with arthrogryposis and bilateral club feet, requiring her to walk with the aid of calipers. She had painful surgery almost every year until she was eight. Regular exercise was recommended, so she began cycling on an exercise bike and swimming. She enjoyed swimming and started doing it competitively. In 2012, she won the 50m, 100m and 200m freestyle and 50m backstroke events in her age group at the Queensland Schools Championship, where she was the youngest competitor.
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Ferrari 599 GTB Fiorano with yellow Brembo brakes Brembo specialises in performance braking systems and components, as well as conducting research on braking systems. Brembo sells over 1,300 products worldwide, and is known for their aftermarket automotive brake components, including calipers, drums, rotors, and brake lines. Except in the North American market, Brembo owns the foundries which produce their initial materials and supply the manufacturing plants. In all other markets the company controls the entire production system from raw materials through distribution.
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Styling differences include 21-inch alloy wheels, a revised, more aggressive bodykit, new rear diffuser with oval exhaust tips as standard. Larger 22-inch alloys, Matrix LED headlights, red brake calipers and carbon-ceramic brakes are available as optional extras. The interior features leather and Alcantara-trimmed sports seats, stainless steel pedals, digital instrument cluster and centre-mounted screens which control infotainment, heating and air conditioning systems. Voice control, WiFi hotspot and Amazon Alexa, Android Auto and Apple CarPlay support are standard.
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The Cupra GT, by the time it was presented as a concept car, was equipped with independent double wishbones with Öhlins coil shock absorbers, all-round ventilated disc brakes ( front, rear) with Brembo's AP Racing brake calipers painted in a dark titanium nuance, and tires (265/650 front, 285/680 rear) mounted to titanium coloured six double spoke 18' alloy wheels. Intended to run in GT races, the car's wheels were secured with a single bolt saving time during the wheel changes.
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The front double wishbone suspension was changed to a MacPherson strut design, along with larger brake calipers, as well as a two-piece driveshaft. The Stellar had the option of riding on several types of aluminum alloy wheels, and was equipped standard with Michelin all-season tires (Canada). Also that year, an automatic transmission (Borg Warner 03-71) with overdrive was available as an option. In the domestic Korean market, this was the first of their cars to be sold as the Sonata.
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Civic Type R White Edition The Black Edition marked the end of the production of the FK2 Civic Type R. Based on the GT Trim Type R, notable features include black exterior paint with red accents, black interior with red stitching and red brake calipers. Production was limited to 100 units in UK. In other countries of Europe a White Edition was also released, still based on the GT Trim Type R, similar to Black Edition but with white accents.
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In humans, biiliac width is an anatomical term referring to the widest measure of the pelvis between the outer edges of the upper iliac bones. Biiliac width has the following common synonyms: pelvic bone width, biiliac breadth, intercristal breadth/width, bi-iliac breadth/width and biiliocristal breadth/width. It is best measured by anthropometric calipers (an anthropometer designed for such measurement is called a pelvimeter). Attempting to measure biiliac width with a tape measure along a curved surface is inaccurate.
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The base Giulia, mid-level Super, and fully loaded Speciale are powered by a 2 litre gasoline engine, or the choice of 136 PS, 150 PS or 180 PS 2.2 litre turbo diesel engine. The base model comes with 16 inch alloys, the Super can be distinguished with 17 inch alloys and dual chrome exhaust tip for the diesel model. The Speciale has 18 inch alloys, black brake calipers, and leather sports seats from the Veloce. The Giulia has a drag coefficient of .
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If strong brake force is applied at the rear wheel force is also distributed to 2 of the 6 pots of the front wheel. More modern dual CBS use front and rear calipers (and all pots) according to a preset load ratio of front to rear. The proportioning was originally controlled by complex all-hydraulic systems interlinking the front and rear, with a fixed delay or by sensing weight distribution changes. As early as 2001 an electrohydraulic system was introduced by BMW.
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The most common caliper design uses a single hydraulically actuated piston within a cylinder, although high performance brakes use as many as twelve. Modern cars use different hydraulic circuits to actuate the brakes on each set of wheels as a safety measure. The hydraulic design also helps multiply braking force. The number of pistons in a caliper is often referred to as the number of 'pots', so if a vehicle has 'six pot' calipers it means that each caliper houses six pistons.
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The third- generation Grand Marquis retained the Panther chassis from its predecessors, lengthened in wheelbase to 114.7 inches. To upgrade handling stability, the three-link rear axle (in use on large Fords since 1965) was replaced by a four-link rear axle with a Watt's linkage, though a solid rear axle was retained. To improve braking, the four-wheel disc brakes were given dual- piston calipers for the front rotors, requiring the use of 16-inch wheels. For 2002, ABS became standard.
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Hand with index finger being shorter than the ring finger, resulting in a small 2D:4D ratio, pointing to a high exposure to testosterone in the uterus. Image shows the measurement procedure of dorsal digit length using vernier calipers. The hand is placed on the edge of a table so that fingers are rested on table while making an angle of 90 degrees to the palm. The digit ratio is the ratio of the lengths of different digits or fingers.
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The 2006-2007 update also included a stronger rear differential and half shaft design. Unique front and rear treatments also included mesh grilles over the front openings, a track-ready suspension, and 18×8.5 inch wheels inside of P245/45R18 Z-rated Goodyear Eagle F1 Supercar run-flat tires. Brakes were rotors in the front, with rotors in the rear - each with four-piston Brembo calipers on the front and rear wheels. In addition, GM badges were added on 2006 models.
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Pontiac responded by introducing the GT model which included upgraded suspension tuning, wider tires, and a V6 engine having more than the base four-cylinder. Finally in 1988, numerous changes were made to the Fiero to bring it in line with its original design. The most significant was a completely redesigned suspension (and parts of the space frame) to realize the potential of the mid- engine layout. The unique suspension included new two-piece brake calipers and upgraded brake rotors.
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This provides more neutral and agile driving behaviour and allows higher speeds to be carried through curves. The system consists of a multi-plate coupler between the differential cage and right driveshaft, which controls locking torque electro- hydraulically. Visually, vehicles with the Performance pack are distinguished by 'GTI' lettering on the front brake calipers, black mirrors, and red GTI badges on the front and rear. As well as high performance, a high level of safety equipment comes as standard in the Golf GTI.
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They are usually fairly susceptible to shock damage. They are also very prone to getting dirt in the gears, which can cause accuracy problems. Digital calipers switch easily between centimeter and inch systems. They can be set to 0 easily at any point with full count in either direction, and can take measurements even if the display is completely hidden, either by using a "hold" key, or by zeroing the display and closing the jaws, showing the correct measurement, but negative.
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Using the vernier caliper A biologist uses calipers to measure the length of a bird's leg A caliper must be properly applied against the part in order to take the desired measurement. For example, when measuring the thickness of a plate a vernier caliper must be held at right angles to the piece. Some practice may be needed to measure round or irregular objects correctly. Accuracy of measurement when using a caliper is highly dependent on the skill of the operator.
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Introduced in 2005, the Megane Renault Sport 225 Cup includes the Cup Chassis option, which adds drilled brake discs, red front and rear brake calipers and increased brake master cylinder diameter, different 18-inch wheels plus revised stiffened steering. Other features include carbon grey interior upholstery with silver stitching. The car is lighter than the 225 Sport Hatch and has a gross weight of . The handling improvements featured on the Cup were made to the standard Mégane, beginning in late 2005.
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2012 Australian GP Edition – This model featured a gloss black exterior colour with matching 19-inch Steev alloy wheels along with contrasting red Brembo brake calipers. Other exterior features include a fixed glass roof and bixenon headlights. On the interior, the car features black leather Recaro bucket seats, satellite navigation system with 3D audio player, climate control and a special plaque signifying the build number of the car. Production was limited to 50 units and the car went on sale in March 2012.
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This facelifted model has since come to be called the "Series II" 280ZX. Power steering became standard equipment with a new rack-and-pinion system, rather than recirculating ball. Changes were made to the rear suspension layout, which also meant the exhaust pipe now exited from the left, rather than right-hand side. The rear brake calipers and rotors were also changed and the drive shafts (half shafts) were upgraded from universal joints to constant velocity joints on certain models.
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Early technical pens (ruling pens) consisted of a small pair of calipers, having one flat and one bowed leg holding ink between them. By adjusting the gap between the legs the width of the line drawn by the pen could be adjusted. Such pens, kept at a constant angle to the paper, were used for ruling lines, but not for cursive handwriting, nor for off-hand flourishes. The Graphos technical pen introduced in 1934 miniaturized the caliper principle and made the points easily interchangeable.
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As is usual for MV Agusta the frame is constructed of chrome-molybdenum tubing with an aluminium swinging arm mounts, and the engine acts as a stressed member. Marzocchi “Upside down” front forks are fitted which have a DLC (diamond like carbon) coating to reduce wear. The single sided swinging arms is controlled by a fully adjustable Sachs shock absorber. The front brakes use distinctive SunstarBraking Batfly twin discs and Brembo radial 4-pot calipers with a single 2-pot Brembo caliper on the rear.
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2006 MV Agusta F4 1000 Senna The F4 1000 Senna was a special edition of the F4 1000 R released in 2006. The model used the same 174 bhp as the 1000 R. Visually it was similar to the 2002 F4 750 Senna and again proceeds from its sales went to Senna's foundation Instituto Ayrton Senna. Front forks were black titanium nitride treated 50 mm upside-down Marzocchi items. The gold, 4-pot, radial, Brembo Racing “Serie Oro” front brake calipers were exclusive to this model.
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Twin 320 mm disc brakes are fitted on the front with radial Brembo 4-pot calipers, and a 210mm rear disc with Nissin 4-pot caliper on the rear. The bike was available in pastel red/metallic silver, gloss black/matt black or titanium grey/admiral grey and was 10 kg lighter and 40 mm narrower than its predecessors. In 2013, the F4 received a 195 bhp version of the short-stroke "Corsacorta" engine that had previously been used on the F4 R and F4 RR models.
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Perhaps the best part of this car is the reworked Racecraft suspension that Saleen was so famous for in his race cars, along with the Parnelli inspired Watts link rear suspension components just like the 1970 race car. The car handles like it is on rails, yet is smooth and comfortable. Braking is incredible with special Saleen 4-piston front calipers and vented rotors . This car is a balance of power and handling the "Yin and the Yang" that makes for an unforgettable drive.
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The Sky Slider opens up to by , which was the largest opening in its class. Jeep claimed that the idea behind the Sky Slider was to give consumers the open-air feeling from previous Jeep models while maintaining the rigidity and safety of a sturdy frame. The 2009 Liberty was relatively unchanged from the 2008 models with the exception of stiffer rear axle shafts and retuned springs, shocks, anti-roll bars, steering gear valve, low rollback brake calipers and a revised brake pedal ratio.
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The three principal anthropometric measures of the upper arm are the upper arm length, the triceps skin fold (TSF), and the mid- upper arm circumference (MUAC). The triceps skin fold is the width of a fold of skin taken over the triceps muscle. It is measured using skinfold calipers. (See body fat percentage#Skinfold methods for general information on skinfold fat measurements.) The measurement is taken at a standardized position (one of eight standard skinfold measurement points) at the midpoint of the back of the upper arm.
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Königsbach-Stein's municipal coat of arms were awarded by government of the Enz district on 16 November 1992. It is divided into four sections by quartering. In the top left quarter is a bend in red on a golden field, followed by a bust of a king upon a silver field in the top right. The bottom left quarter, a pair of silver calipers measures a stone on a blue field, and the final quarter is made up by a blue wavy bar on a silver field.
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Lamborghini Gallardo Nera The Gallardo Nera is a special edition (limited to 185 units) of the Gallardo and was introduced at the Paris Motor Show. The car was designed to showcase the customization options available to the customer in the Ad Personam program. It features special matte black body panels and was only available in a special shade of black: a combination of Nero Serapis and Nero Noctis. Brake calipers are painted a special silver and the taillights are smoked to match the darker paint scheme.
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Morphometric analysis relies on chord and arc measurements of the endocast surface. Length, width, bregma-basion, and height measurements of an endocast are taken with spreading calipers. Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, and occipital lobe chord length (the length of the lobe at its widest point along the midsagittal plane) are measured using a dioptograph in which landmarks are projected onto a two-dimensional surface. Measurements may be skewed if the orientation of the endocast has not been properly determined before the dioptograph is made.
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All cars would be run on slick tyres and aimed to have top speeds similar to Formula One cars. Rumours circulated that Avon would be the series' control tyre supplier but the prototype of the car was fitted with Goodyear tyres. The suspension would have consisted of pushrod activated rockers acting on coil spring and the adjustable dampers would have variable rate anti-roll bars. Suspension uprights would be constructed from fabricated steel assemblies with four-wheel carbon brake discs and four piston calipers.
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REME Cap Badge First version - in service 1942 - 1947 After some interim designs, the badge of the Corps was formalised in June 1943 for use as the cap-badge, collar-badge, and on the buttons. It consisted of an oval Royally Crowned laurel wreath; on the wreath were four small shields at the compass points, each shield bearing one of the letters of "REME".Robert Wilkinson-Latham, Discovering British Military Badges and Buttons, Shire Publications Ltd 2006 (p.27) Within the wreath was a pair of calipers.
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In early 2008, at the Geneva Car Show, Ferrari unveiled the One-To-One (OTO) personalization program and thereafter the 612 was only available through this special order process. The OTO program took the catalog of options under the existing Carrozzeria Scaglietti Programme a step further. Clients hand-picked a wide variety of options from leather swatches to brake calipers and everything in between. Although the OTO program was launched on the 612 Scaglietti, it was broadened to the entire Ferrari range in due course.
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The original ATE/Teves caliper was prone to issues, the most common of which was significant steering vibration under high speed braking due to a complex set of brake pad brackets and guides to compensate for an imprecise caliper casting. In addition to loose pads that had a tendency to vibrate, this also occasionally led to higher brake temperatures, which could lead to premature failure. The Akebono calipers provided better seating for the brake pads, leading to more consistent pad placement over the life of the brakes.
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Order code "ZLC" was an equipment package celebrating 100 years of racing heritage of Chevrolet. Offered exclusively in Carbon Flash Metallic, the Centennial Edition kit includes satin-black graphics and unique lightweight cast-spun aluminum Centennial Satin Black wheels that feature a thin red perimeter outline (on Z06 and ZR1 cars). All cars came with red brake calipers and featured Magnetic Selective Ride Control. Inside, the car featured ebony leather upholstery and contrast stitching while the steering wheel and armrests featured microfiber suede accents.
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Magni-Suzuki Sport 1200 S Styled to resemble the iconic MV Agusts 750S, the Sport 1200 S used an engine from the Suzuki 1,200 cc Bandit. The engine was housed in a Magni twin-shock frame. The swinging arm was from a Suzuki GSX 1200 Inazuma (a retro styled version of the Bandit) and Cerani forks and Brembo four-piston calipers and twin discs were fitted to the front end. A tank, seat and exhausts resembling the 750S items and chrome mudguards were fitted.
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The wheels of this device rotated a set of gears which in turn forced mechanical figures to bang gongs and drums that alerted the travelers of the distance traveled (measured in li).Needham (1986c), 281–285. From existing specimens found at archaeological sites, it is known that Han-era craftsmen made use of the sliding metal caliper to make minute measurements. Although Han-era calipers bear incised inscriptions of the exact day of the year they were manufactured, they are not mentioned in any Han literary sources.
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A lithium battery results in additional weight saving of 16 kg. The front brakes are changed to a 350mm 2 piece floating rotor (up 10mm) while using the same calipers and rear brakes. On the interior, the sound deadening is removed, as well as the air conditioning, stereo, sat nav and back seats in place of which a rear brace is fitted in place. The front seats are Recaro “pole position” fixed polycarbonate bucket seats trimmed with leather and Alcantara with Sabelt race harness belts fitted.
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2011 Monaco Grand Prix Limited Edition – This model was limited to 50 units and came in a Pearlescent White exterior colour with Piano Black accents on the side mirrors, rear diffuser and fog- lamp surrounds. Other exterior features include a panoramic roof, 19 inch wheels, red Brembo brake calipers, and bixenon directional headlamps. On the interior, it featured a black and white leather upholstery with white trim on the centre console, dashboard and door handles. The seat and the floor mats feature special Monaco GP stitching.
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The RS Spyder was designed completely in-house by Porsche engineers with help from Penske Racing. The chassis is a rigid carbon fibre monocoque with both the engine and transmission being integral stressed members. The 3.4-litre 90-degree V8 racing engine was designed from scratch as was the six-speed electro-pneumatic sequential gearbox. Braking is via six-piston aluminum monobloc calipers and carbon ceramic discs, mounted on suspension controlled by four-way adjustable spring/damper units activated by pushrods with adjustable torsion-bar springs.
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Sauvage, whose father is from the Seychelles and mother is from Leicestershire, was born with a severe congenital spinal condition called myelomeningocele, which inhibits the function of the lower half of the body, giving limited control over the legs. In 1976 she was Perth's Telethon Child as part of a Channel 7 fund-raiser for children with disabilities.Biography at She's Game, Women making Australian sporting history She used calipers to help walk until she received her first wheelchair.Hutchinson, G. (2002). The best Australian sports writing, 2002.
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There were three limited edition models; the Montjuich, the Laguna Seca, and the Santa Monica. These used 40 mm Dell'Orto carburettors, hotter camshafts, a two into one Verlicchi exhaust, 4 piston Brembo calipers with fully floating discs all round, and an aluminium swingarm. These are considered the best of the 750 F1 models. In the same way Ducati had sought Seely's frame expertise in 1970, Cagiva now went to Massimo Tamburini of Bimota to design a new frame and look for the 750 F1.
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These had wheels, and four piston Brembo brake calipers. The 907IE ended production in 1992. Also in 1991, a five speed 750 SuperSport was released with a single disc, and non-adjustable 41 mm Showa forks. A 400 SuperSport Junior was also released using the same 750SS running gear. The 900 SuperLight appeared in 1992 as a limited edition model SuperSport with monoposto seat, upswept exhaust pipes, vented clutch cover, fully floating Brembo front discs, carbon fibre bits, and lightweight Marvic wheels and guards.
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The GT is a tuned version of the Legacy Wagon, using 2.0l twin-turbo engine. USDM GT The USDM GT is a trim model that featured larger brake calipers than the standard trim, as well as simulated wood interior trim. The engine is the same 2.5l naturally aspirated EJ251 engine found in the standard trim. USDM GT Limited The GT Limited is a package offered on the USDM Legacy that had the same additions as the GT trim, and added the factory all weather package.
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Chase dismissed defense contentions that Mavis's alleged fraud left Hussain with the mistaken impression that the master cylinder had been replaced when it actually had not, since he had found the cylinder to be functional and recently installed. Mallery also explained that the Mavis security camera footage from April 2018 showed the manager who had alleged the fraud told an employee who had informed him that the Excursion's calipers, hoses and master cylinder all needed to be replaced that Hussain only needed a "temporary" repair since he planned to sell the vehicle; footage from the actual inspection in May shows the manager telling Hussain that "[it] brakes now and I'm hoping it stays that way because if it happens again you're gonna need the other three calipers." Mallery added that Hussain had also been informed of the issues with Lisinicchia's license as a result of a traffic stop two months before the accident. Judge Bartlett denied the motion by the end of the month, ruling that there was sufficient evidence to support the charges when interpreted in the light most favorable to the prosecution.
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Hundreds of laborers could be employed to work on a single luxury item, such as a lacquered cup or screen.. Some lacquerwares were inscribed simply with the clan name of the family who owned them. Others were inscribed with the titles of the owner, the specific type of the vessels, their capacities, the precise day, month, and year of manufacture (according to Chinese era names and their lunisolar calendar), the names of the floor managers who oversaw the items' production and the names of the workers who made them.. Even some iron implements made during the age of the monopoly bore inscriptions of the date they were made and the name of the workshop.. Bronze calipers from the Xin dynasty, used for minute measurements, had an inscription stating that it was "made on a gui-you day at new moon of the first month of the first year of the Shijian guo period." The calipers date from 9 AD. Han lacquerwares bearing the imperial mark of the emperor have been found far beyond the Han capital regions by modern archaeologists, in places such as Qingzhen (in Guizhou), Pyongyang (in North Korea), and Noin Ula (in Mongolia)..
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Audi Sportback concept (2009) The Audi Sportback concept is a concept vehicle powered by a 3.0-litre V6 TDI clean diesel engine rated at and of torque. It features a 7-speed S tronic transmission, quattro permanent all-wheel-drive system, five-link front suspension, continuous damping control shock absorbers, electromechanical steering, ceramic brake discs (380 mm front and 356 mm rear), front 6-piston monobloc aluminum brake calipers, rear floating-caliper brakes and 21-inch wheels. The vehicle was unveiled in 2009 at the Detroit Auto Show.
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The CB900F's engine has a four- cylinder DOHC engine with a bore and stroke of . The engine drew on other designs, such as the CB1000C, CB1100F/CB1100R, and the inline-6 CBX1000. The CB900F has a five-speed gearbox and chain final drive, and it produces at 9,000 rpm The CB900F has two front disc brakes and one rear disk brake, all fitted with dual-piston calipers after 1983. The air-assisted fork was fitted with the Honda TRAC (torque reactive anti-dive control) anti-dive system in 1982 or 1983.
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The coolant reserve is on the left side up and behind the radiator. The transmission is a return type six-speed with a constant mesh wet multi-plate clutch. For the first and second iteration, the bike had a single disc with dual piston calipers in the front and a 220 mm single disc single piston caliper at the rear, both the brake systems being made by Nissin of Japan. The front suspension was a twin telescopic fork and the rear is a linked type single shock suspension.
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A special edition Super Four version R model offered PGM-IG programmed ignition timing along with electronic controlled valve operation, in addition to a headlight cowl, sharper rake angle, lightweight aluminium muffler, stiffer suspension and sintered brake pads. 1996: New front brake discs with reduced tendency to warp, and opposed four-piston calipers for improved initial response. A special edition Super Four version S model was available with Brembo brakes and Showa suspension. 1997: Updates to the carburetor air funnels, the internal muffler structure, and the Nissin brakes.
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The front disks of the B1 are 10 mm smaller in diameter and 1 mm thinner than the B2, the front calipers are also different but the disk brake pads are the same. The rear disks are identical in both models. The front forks are slightly different between the two models. Both models feature air assistance, but the B1 model uses an air valve located at the top of the fork leg while the B2 uses an equaliser tube linking the two tube with a single air valve.
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In December, 2001, Ogah established Uche Ogah Foundation which aims to provide empowerment, poverty alleviation, and providing education for the less privileged."Uche Ogah at 44: Fire in the Minds of Men", ThisDayLive, 22 December 2013 He had sponsored free medical services in different parts of Nigeria, in addition to building and equipping a number of modern hospitals in his native community, Uturu and other communities in Nigeria. He also partnered with a number of medical centres, including the Hopeville Rehabilitation Centre, to fabricate artificial limbs and calipers for people with a disability.
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The disk brake requires a flat circular brake disk and plurality of brake calipers with hydraulic pistons and brake pads . The hydraulic yaw brakes are able to fix the nacelle in position thus relieving the yaw drives from that task. The cost however of the yaw brake in combination with the requirement of a hydraulic installation (pump, valves, pistons) and its installation in the vicinity of brake pads sensitive to lubricant contamination is often an issue. A compromise that offers several advantages is the use of electric yaw brakes.
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These replace the hydraulic mechanism of the conventional brakes and with electro-mechanically actuated brake calipers. The use of electric yaw brakes eliminates the complexity of the hydraulic leakages and the subsequent problems that these cause to the yaw brake operation.Hanning & Kahl GmbH Azimutbremsen Several wind turbine design and manufacturing companies experiment with alternative yaw breaking methods in order to eliminate the drawbacks of the existing systems and to reduce the cost of the system. One of these alternatives involves the use of air pressure in order to achieve the necessary yaw braking moment.
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Hydraulically-assisted (electric for North American market) rack and pinion steering gives for a turning circle. Braking-wise, ventilated front, and solid rear disc brakes are employed, both using piston steel calipers. To counteract noise, vibration, and harshness, engineers have designed the Cruze with an isolated four-point engine mount and implemented sound damping material in areas including the front-of-dashboard panel, luggage compartment, decklid internals, doors, carpet and headlining. Further noise suppression through the use of a triple-layer sealing system in the doors has also been employed.
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Greek mathematician Euclid (holding calipers), 3rd century BC, as imagined by Raphael in this detail from The School of Athens (1509–1511) Mathematics (from Greek: ) includes the study of such topics as quantity (number theory), structure (algebra), space (geometry), and change (mathematical analysis). It has no generally accepted definition. Mathematicians seek and use patterns to formulate new conjectures; they resolve the truth or falsity of such by mathematical proof. When mathematical structures are good models of real phenomena, mathematical reasoning can be used to provide insight or predictions about nature.
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In the beginning the EEG recordings were made on paper and changes measured visually, scored by ruler and calipers. By the 1960s, electronic analyzers of 10 second epochs measured changes in "power." Digital computer methods using period analysis, power spectral density, and amplitude analyses followed. The quantitative changes in mean frequency, mean amplitudes, percent time delta (1–3 Hz), theta (3.5 - 7.5 Hz), alpha (8-12.5 Hz), beta1 (13–21 Hz), and beta2 (>21 Hz), and the presence of bursts in 10-second epochs were commonly used to identify patterns.
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Commemorating the 65th anniversary of the Corvette, Chevrolet offered the Carbon 65 Limited Edition for the 2018 model year. This edition was limited to 650 units globally, painted exclusively in Ceramic Matrix Gray. It was available on Grand Sport 3LT and Z06 3LZ trims in both convertible (blue top only) and coupe bodies. The Carbon 65 Edition option package included unique fender stripes and door graphics, black wheels with machined grooves on summer-only tires, blue brake calipers, a Jet Black suede-wrapped interior with blue stitching, and various unique badges.
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Following the 2001 Bologna Motor Show, the Aprilia Tuono made its debut in a series of 220 individually numbered bikes. Called the Tuono R Limited and in hindsight being a proof of concept for the future RSV Tuono Factory, it had the engine of the RSV Mille R, a gold colored frame and was built solely out of high end materials such as carbon fiber, kevlar and titanium. Specs included Öhlins Racing suspension, OZ forged alloy wheels, Brembo 4-pad brake calipers and an Aprilia Racing titanium exhaust system with matching EEPROM.
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Such an arrangement can go to a higher resolution by using a higher scale ratio, known as the vernier constant. A vernier may be used on circular or straight scales where a simple linear mechanism is adequate. Examples are calipers and micrometers to measure to fine tolerances, on sextants for navigation, on theodolites in surveying, and generally on scientific instruments. The Vernier principle of interpolation is also used for electronic displacement sensors such as absolute encoders to measure linear or rotational movement, as part of an electronic measuring system.
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The first documented development of handheld micrometer-screw calipers was by Jean Laurent Palmer of Paris in 1848; Roe 1916:212. the device is therefore often called palmer in French, tornillo de Palmer ("Palmer screw") in Spanish, and calibro Palmer ("Palmer caliper") in Italian. (Those languages also use the micrometer cognates: micromètre, micrómetro, micrometro.) The micrometer caliper was introduced to the mass market in anglophone countries by Brown & Sharpe in 1867, Roe 1916:210-213, 215. allowing the penetration of the instrument's use into the average machine shop.
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Q60 Red Sport 400 is based on Q60 3.0t (304PS) coupe. Features include 14" rotors on the front and 13.8" rotors on the rear, opposed 2 and 4 piston red calipers, sport tuned Digital Dynamic Suspension, semi aniline leather appointed sport seats, aluminium accented pedals and paddle shifters, unique dual brushed satin finish Red Sport 400 exhaust tips, exclusive 20 inch sport aluminium-alloy wheels (staggered for RWD models) and chrome finished red 'S' exterior sport badging on the trunk and front fenders. The Q60 also offers slew of new technologies and safety features.
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The chassis was stiffened to cope with the extra performance available and the car featured many carbon fibre parts and weight saving measures as standard such as lightened front and rear bumpers. Unique 5-spoke forged wheels were specifically produced for the 16M and helped to considerably reduce unsprung weight with larger front brakes and calipers added for extra stopping power (also featured on 430 Scuderia). It accelerates from 0- in 3.7 seconds, with a top speed of . 499 cars were produced beginning early 2009 and all were pre- sold to select clients.
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The braking system includes Brembo Stilema 4-piston Monobloc radial calipers with dual front disc brakes, and Öhlins shock absorbers. Carbon fiber has been used extensively to keep the bike's weight low, including a full carbon fiber fairing and lightweight carbon wheels. The weight figure stands at dry with the race kit on, and in street trim. The bolts and screws are made from titanium, with CNC-machined aluminium alloys used extensively on functional components such as the triple clamp, height-adjustable footpegs, brake and clutch levers, and brake fluid reservoir plugs and filler cap.
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The cars were 2009 Volkswagen Jettas that were modified by the factory for the series. Once completed, the cars were still about 70% stock with the other 30% made up of parts from the VW parts bin, one-off brackets and mounts, and race prepping from outside parties. The cars feature VW's DSG twin shaft, dual clutch automatic transmission and have height adjustable Sachs race suspension. Brakes were controlled by an ATE Racing ABS system and utilize Brembo 4 piston fixed calipers in front and Lucas 1 piston floating caliper disc brakes in the rear.
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In 2005 towards the end of the EP3's production run, Honda introduced the Civic Type R Premier edition which had Recaro Trendline seats (similar to those found in the Anniversary Edition, only in red and black rather than all red), a darker shade of fabric on the rear seat centre sections, a MOMO Steering Wheel, Red Carpet, Door Linings, "Type R" embossed into the front brake calipers and black privacy glass on the rear windows. Air conditioning was an option. They were available in Milano Red, Nighthawk Black, Cosmic Grey and Satin Silver.
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Edition 1 models were available exclusively in the first year of its market launch, and featured minor power increases of and . Other additions include Edition 1 insignia, matte exterior paintwork, designo leather, and a choice of three AMG exclusive interior trim. An AMG Performance Package was also offered separately, and featured a carbon-fibre spoiler lip, red brake calipers, and increased performance gains of and , resulting in a 0-60 mph time of 4.1 s. From April 2013, the CLS63 AMG range was updated to now produce and .
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The Haldex four-wheel-drive system also has Polestar tuning for more rear torque distribution, and the stability control system has been massaged. The chassis is firmer with a suspension that features Öhlins shock absorbers with 80 percent stiffer springs sitting on 20-inch wheels that would normally come wrapped with Michelin Pilot Super Sport tires from the factory. Brakes get a nice upgrade with front discs (replacing ones on the R-Design) with six-piston Brembo calipers and -inch rear discs. Visual changes include new front and rear splitters, rear spoiler and diffuser.
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On July 31, 2014 a special 2015 Mustang was auctioned off at the Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA) AirVenture air show in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, with proceeds going to benefit the EAA’s Young Eagles program. The F-35 Lightning II Mustang was named after the then new F-35 Lightning II fighter jet. Based on a 2015 Mustang GT fastback, this one- off model was one of the first sixth generation Mustangs to be sold. The exterior features glossy and matte dark-silver paint along with yellow hood stripes, mirror caps, and brake calipers.
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2002 Ducati S4 Foggy 2007 Monster S2R1000 The bike remained relatively unchanged until 2000, when Ducati added fuel injection to the M900 model. Perhaps more importantly, in 2001 Ducati introduced the S4, which added the liquid-cooled four-valve Superbike engine to the stable. Other technical changes that year included semi-floating front disc brakes with Brembo four-piston calipers, lighter Brembo wheels as well as 43 mm Showa inverted forks. That same year also included upgraded instrumentation with the addition of a tachometer on all Monster models.
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The Toyota Gazoo 86 GRMN Sports FR Concept Platinum is a Toyota 86/Scion FR-S modified by GAZOO Racing and equipped with a GRMN exclusive turbocharger and scroll supercharger, 6-speed manual transmission, GRMN suspension tuning, GRMN brake calipers and brake rotors; GRMN dual exhaust, GRMN alloy wheels and tires; different front and rear fender panels and bumper bars; rear wing; rear garnish; bucket seats; 4-point seat belts; roll cage; back skin tone interior and extra instrumentation (boost, water temperature and oil temperature gauges). The vehicle was unveiled at the Nürburgring Circuit.
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A slightly lower rise and wider USA style handlebar was fitted and chromed Lucas turn indicators returned in place of the black plastic ULO items that had replaced them on other Triumph models from 1981. A chromed wire mounted Lucas headlamp with sealed beam was changed to the Lucas H4 later in the production run. A Brembo rear brake master cylinder was fitted in place of the usual Automotive Products (AP) Lockheed item which remained for the front, as well as supplying both calipers. Dual front discs were an option.
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For its redesign in the 1998 model year, the Lincoln Town Car retained the Ford Panther platform that had underpinned its predecessor. To improve the cornering stability of the Town Car, a Watt's linkage was fitted to the solid rear axle suspension (a change also seen in its Mercury and Ford counterparts). The front brake calipers were changed to a larger dual-piston design; 16-inch wheels became standard. For 2003, the chassis of the Town Car was extensively redesigned and changes were made to the tuning of the suspension.
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The brakes had a four-piston design with two-piece calipers and cooling fins for the rotors. Pads were in frequent contact with the rotors, but the resulting drag was negligible and did not affect fuel economy. Further, the light touching kept the rotors clean and did not diminish pad life, which was, in fact, quite high: a projected for the front brakes and about twice that distance for the rear binders. Total swept area for the new system was , a notable advance on the of the previous all-drum system.
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While a mallet provides the force needed to fracture the marble, it must be used accurately. The smallest miscalculation can ruin the intended sculpture and even injure the sculptor. Some artists prefer to carve directly onto the stone, without a model; the Renaissance artist Michelangelo, for example, claimed that his job was to free the human form trapped inside the block. Other artists sculpt a preliminary model out of clay or wax and then translate its features to stone through the use of calipers or a pointing machine.
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The Yamaha FZS600 Fazer is a sport motorcycle produced by Yamaha between 1998 and 2004. It is the predecessor of the Yamaha FZ6. During its production run, it underwent several changes before being discontinued in 2004 due to European emissions laws coming into force. The FZS600 was first unveiled at the Paris Auto Show in 1997, and shares parts from other Yamaha models, notably the engine from the YZF600R Thundercat, detuned to give more mid-range power, and the front discs and blue-dot calipers from the YZF-R1.
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Motorcycle Online Muscle Bike Shootout Motorcycle Cruiser 1999 V-Max articleMotorcycle USA 2004 V-Max article Until 2008, the original V-Max was offered for sale through the Star Motorcycles division of Yamaha Motorcycles. Apart from a minor freshening to the bike's specifications in 1993, when the bike gained a larger-diameter fork to minimize high-speed wobbling and drift, four-piston brake calipers, and other handling and safety related upgrades, the 2007 V-Max was almost the same as the original 1985 version.Motorcyclist March 2006 issue p. 89 Primedia Inc.
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Power remained the same as the SRT-10 but the maximum speed was reduced to for the 2008-2009 models and in 2010 models with the redesigned wing endplates. The SRT10 ACR features a suspension system that includes adjustable coil-over racing dampers from KW Suspensions and two-way adjustable shocks. The dampers and forks are made from solid aluminum billet and are optimized for increased weight reduction and performance. Stopping power comes from StopTech two-piece, slotted lightweight rotors combined with the Viper SRT10's Brembo calipers.
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The pump and hold method usually requires two people, although it can be performed by one person if one-way bleed nipples or valves are fitted. During this method, the brake pedal and master cylinder piston will travel beyond their normal range which can cause wear on seals or incorporate corroded metal into the brake fluid. Multiple wheel cylinders or calipers can be bled simultaneously, although this is only usually done with the gravity method which doesn't require pumps. The gravity method does take a long time, typically several hours to replace all the fluid.
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A 612 Scaglietti was provided to the UK police department by Ferrari. Standard equipment included a police color scheme, included the HGTS (Handling GTS package) and Daytona style seats as well as personalized stitching and leather details, yellow rev counter, yellow brake calipers and Scuderia Ferrari shields. It had an MSRP of £200,411 including a four-year warranty. The vehicle began its relay at the UK on 18 May 2007, which was driven by police officers at the front of the UK tour throughout the 1,500 miles from Belfast to London.
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Tires are Hoosier Racing Tire radials in both dry and rain tire versions, specifically manufactured for the SRF. The SRF still uses the original Renault brake calipers, outer CV joints, and suspension knuckles. In early 2013, SCCA Enterprises announced a third generation (GEN3) Spec Racer Ford powered by a 1.6-liter 4-cylinder, 135 HP Ford engine fitted to the existing engine mounts and transmission. On-track testing by a fleet of test cars was conducted during 2013 and 2014 for a roll-out into SCCA competition in 2015.
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The ape is engaged in assessment and measurement (confirmed by the calipers). That we should even consider this level of intelligence in another species is a bold examination of ourselves through eyes that bear witness to the disproportionate leverage historically awarded humankind. Hugo Rheinhold's original inscription "eritis sicut deus" (sometimes wrongly "eritus …."), either suggests Darwinian understanding may lead to Frankenstinian abuse of life's essence, or a more inclusive innocence that recognises a place for other advanced life‑forms on our intellectual podium, if only we can just accommodate those guests.
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Safe ejection requires the seats to be weighted in pairs and when flying with a single crewman in the back the unoccupied seat is fitted with ballast. At the time it entered the fleet, the S-3 introduced an unprecedented level of systems integration. Previous ASW aircraft like the Lockheed P-3 Orion and S-3's predecessor, the Grumman S-2 Tracker, featured separate instrumentation and controls for each sensor system. Sensor operators often monitored paper traces, using mechanical calipers to make precise measurements and annotating data by writing on the scrolling paper.
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Rear Being the company's first open top road-legal sports car, the Elva is claimed to be the lightest sports car ever produced by McLaren though the actual kerb weight is yet to be announced. The car's entire body work is made of carbon fibre including the chassis, doors and seats in order to keep the weight low. The brake rotors, which are shared with the Senna measure more than . Weight savings of about is achieved over the Senna's brake rotors by the usage of titanium brake calipers.
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His pace suffered for the rest of the race, and the team eventually opted to retire his damaged car on lap 60. Carlos Sainz Jr. was forced to pit at the end of the third lap after his brake calipers began to overheat due to a duct blockage. The problem was cleared and Sainz emerged from the pits in 19th place. On lap nine, Lando Norris, who was running in eighth place, pulled over to the side of the pit exit after suffering a broken right-rear suspension.
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The Missile is planned to be powered by a twin-turbocharged 9.0L Mercury Racing V8 that Corbellati claims will produce and of torque with a goal of a 500 km/h (310 mph) top speed. Power goes to the rear wheels through a six-speed manual transmission and a limited slip rear differential. It also features a carbon fiber chassis and body, double wishbone suspension and carbon ceramic disc brakes with six piston calipers. The prototype was hand built by Corbellati and supposedly runs and drives, but its unclear what engine powers it.
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The 1986 and 1987 models use slightly different engines than before. The liquid cooling design was dropped for Suzuki's "SATCS" (Suzuki advanced three-way cooling system) that used water air and oil to keep the engine cool. A new single square headlight was also introduced which was never very popular and Suzuki returned the headlights to the two circular lights the following year. Not many changes were made in 1987 with largest ones being the new wheels, twin headlights, gold brake calipers, the new paint scheme and the new exhaust design.
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A special edition was also available in 87' with a black/gold paint scheme. In 1988 the GSX-R received a new aluminium frame which increased the weight and new fairings with a lower wheelbase once again to create a more stable and better handling bike. The model also got slingshot carburetors, polished stainless steel silencers, curved radiator, Tokico 4-cylinder front brake calipers and a rear hugger mudguard. The new 4 into 2 exhaust was designed to create more midrange torque but this had only a marginal effect on the engines power.
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2008 Dodge Charger DUB Edition Developed in collaboration with DUB Magazine, this version is based on the Charger SXT. It features a body-color spoiler and fog lamps, 20-inch alloy wheels with 245/45R20 tires, MyGIG Multimedia Infotainment System with 13-speaker PUNCHER surround-sound system, a 322w KICKER amplifier, a 100-watt Kicker subwoofer, and upgraded brakes from the R/T models that use dual-piston calipers in the front. Exterior colors are red, black, silver, cool vanilla, and dark titanium. A total of 2,180 Charger DUB Edition cars were produced for the U.S. market.
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The drivetrain consists of a Porsche GT2 transaxle, a stronger upgraded clutch, a limited slip differential and optional 4-wheel drive. The suspension is upgraded with new shocks, springs, stabiliser bars, and RUF- Brembo brake discs and calipers. The base model is rated at at 6,000 rpm and of torque at 3,500 rpm, can accelerate from 0-97 km/h (60 mph) in 3.7 seconds, and, according to Ruf, can reach a top speed of between depending on gearing. The higher specification model is rated at and of torque and can, according to Ruf, reach a top speed of .
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Other features include composite front brake discs and red painted brake calipers, carbon-fibre lip spoiler on the boot lid (Saloon) and the AMG performance steering wheel upholstered in Nappa leather with an Alcantara grip area. The exclusive Edition 1 model includes AMG sports seats, door centre panels and armrests upholstered in black designo leather with contrasting porcelain seams on the sports seats, porcelain piano-lacquer trim, AMG sports steering wheel upholstered in two-tone Nappa leather and AMG multi-spoke light-alloy wheels painted in matt black. Sales of the Saloon and Estate models began in July 2011.
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Clearwater Paper also markets a number of Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) products, including the brand Ancora, a high-end, coated, double-side bleached white paperboard. Of the three similar products manufactured in a full variety of sizes in the United States, it is the only one that has on-label FSC certification. Another of Clearwater Paper's brands is Candesce, which is sold for use in premium lines of C1S folding carton as well as paperboard for commercial printing, carded packaging and liquid packaging board. Candesce is the only brand of SBS (solid bleached sulfate) with FSC certification across its full range of calipers.
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The registry's rules specify that specimens "should be measured with vernier type calipers and should reflect the greatest measurable dimension of the shell in any direction including any processes of hard shell material produced by the animal (i.e. spines, wings, keels, siphonal canals, etc.) and not including attachments, barnacles, coralline algae, or any other encrusting organisms. Long, hair-like periostracum is not to be included." This "greatest measurable dimension" can be at odds with the standard scientific definition of shell length (from base to apex along the central axis for gastropods, and from the umbo to the ventral margin in bivalves).
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The radiator was taken variously from the Ford Granada Mk2 and the Range Rover; front brakes could be ex-Granada in solid- or vented- disc form or the 4-piston calipers from the BL Princess (also a 'wedge' shaped car). The steering column and its associated switchgear changed over the years too: starting with the TR7 and proceeding through the Rover SD1, very late cars used the installation from the Ford Granada Mk3. The handbrake mechanism was that used on the Lotus Esprit. The headlamp pods were powered by individual motors lifted from the TR7/ Esprit.
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They are also used in the fuel and oxidizer tanks in the SpaceX Falcon 9 launch vehicle, Formula One brake calipers, and the AgustaWestland EH101 helicopter. The third and final version of the US Space Shuttle's external tank was principally made of Al–Li 2195 alloy. In addition, Al–Li alloys are also used in the Centaur Forward Adapter in the Atlas V rocket, in the Orion Spacecraft, and were to be used in the planned Ares I and Ares V rockets (part of the cancelled Constellation program). Al–Li alloys are generally joined by friction stir welding.
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On many boxes the phrase "1:43 scale metal model cars for the collector and enthusiast" was printed - the "A" being a pair of engineer's calipers. In the 1980s the box design was changed to mainly black. The company specialized in 1:43 and 1:24, but did special models in a variety of sizes (Company history 1998-2011). American cars of the 1950s (particularly Fords, Plymouths and Buicks in four door and station wagon styles), classic race cars, vintage sports and Grand Prix cars, and land speed record cars were the main types of vehicles represented (Johnson 1998, pp.
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Along with the high towing capability came all-new steering, braking and electronic systems to help the Expedition better control and maneuver long heavy trailers. Adaptive variable assist power rack-and-pinion steering was introduced along with the largest brake rotors in the segment at that time (13.5 inches up front, 13 inches in back) with brake calipers 100 percent stiffer than the previous generation Expedition. The four-speed 4R70W automatic transmission received all-new control software to allow the transmission to automatically adjust to the demands of towing, using new computer logic that recognizes changes in load and road conditions.
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Previously, measuring differences in between sets of teeth was done with calipers, but 2D and 3D imaging has become more available and allows for better accuracy of measurements. New programs are being developed to analyze these images of teeth. Mono-zygotic twin studies reveal 8-29% of changes between the twins' teeth is from the environment. Several studies of mono- zygotic twins have shown that when they have a tooth defect, such as congenitally missing or supernumerary teeth, the twins can share the same number or position of the defective tooth, but sometimes not both of these factors.
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The 1200 chassis with a 223.8 kg (493.5 lbs) curb weight contains a larger fuel tank(15L) to feed the larger motor. Up front the 1200 has adjustable 43mm front fork with the rebound on the left leg, compression on the right, and both pre-load adjustable. In the rear the 1200 has a three way adjustable Sachs rear shock; preload, rebound, and damping. In terms of braking the 1200 received Brembo four piston, radial mount calipers and dual Brembo 320mm discs up front and a 240mm disc with a Brembo single-piston caliper in the rear.
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The LFA further features six-piston front and four- piston rear Brembo monobloc brake calipers with front and rear carbon ceramic discs controlled by Toyota's Electronically Controlled Brake-by-wire system. Forged 20-inch BBS wheels fitted with front and rear Bridgestone next- generation Potenza tyres are standard. The LFA is equipped with a three-mode Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management (VDIM) stability control system with Sport setting. To maintain a near-ideal weight distribution, a rear transaxle is used, in addition to the mounting of the fuel tank ahead of the rear axle and the radiators at the rear.
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The engine received new pistons which lowered the compression ratio, while an updated camshaft was used to reduce overlap. The allure of the Commodore was quickly established particularly when the top speed was and then extended to with the addition of the Garrett turbocharger. In addition stopping power for the turbo models was upgraded to larger brakes and Girlock finned alloy front calipers. The Australian Police commissioned the turbocharged models as their "interceptor" Highway Pursuit cars of choice. These interceptors were denoted by "BT1" in the model code on the Body & Option plate attached to the firewall.
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The bike was given an electronic controlled interference pipe and acoustic valves, allowing air to flow into the exhaust and burn unused fuel as well as upgraded Brembo Monobloc brake calipers. The riding modes of the HP4 differ from the standard bike, in that it allows for all to be accessed in four modes. The HP4 also introduced combined braking, meaning that in all modes except slick, the back brake is applied automatically when the rider applies the front brake. It was offered in multiple race kit packages, ranging from the stock claimed of the S1000RR all the way up to a claimed .
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The Antikythera mechanism, a kind of analogous computer working with a differential gear, and the astrolabe both show great refinement in astronomical science. In other fields, ancient Greek innovations include the catapult and the gastraphetes crossbow in warfare, hollow bronze-casting in metallurgy, the dioptra for surveying, in infrastructure the lighthouse, central heating, a tunnel excavated from both ends by scientific calculations, and the ship trackway. In transport, great progress resulted from the invention of the winch and the odometer. Further newly created techniques and items were spiral staircases, the chain drive, sliding calipers and showers.
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The LS1 Firebirds were also equipped with an aluminum driveshaft, replacing the previous steel version, while all Firebird trim levels gained four-wheel disc brakes with dual-piston front calipers and larger rotors at each wheel, complete with a solenoid-based Bosch anti-lock system. The Formula convertible was no longer offered. Beginning in 1998 for 1999 models, a standard 16.8-gallon non-metallic fuel tank increased the potential traveling range. GM's ASR traction control system was extended to the V6-powered Firebirds, and all LS1 (V8) and Y87 (V6) Firebirds also received a Zexel/Torsen II slip- reduction rear axle.
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The full text of the warranty is as follows: Sears has reduced the warranty in effect on many Craftsman non-powered lawn and garden products including rakes, shovels, clippers, brooms, trowels, pruners, hoses, sprinklers, hose nozzles, and other small gardening hand tools. Previously it was a lifetime warranty which on August 2, 2012, was reduced to 25 years with receipt required. The lifetime warranty does not include precision hand tools, such as calipers and torque wrenches. Many consumers have also been reporting problems when attempting to obtain warranty repair or replacement on tools that are covered by the full lifetime warranty.
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Any appropriate gearbox can be used but normally a suitable manual gearbox from a Jaguar is used. The W152 uses the independent rear suspension (IRS) unit and front wishbones from the Jaguar donor car but instead of using the standard springs and shock absorbers, it utilises modern coil over shocks. The steering rack is sourced from an MGB and uses extenders to the track-rod ends to suit the wider track of the car. The car uses the standard Jaguar brake calipers and discs but uses a different, split system pedal box, remote fluid reservoirs and twin servos.
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Aprilia Tuono R front brakes have two floating stainless steel discs with sintered pads, and radially mounted, four-piston calipers Motorcycle braking systems have varied throughout time, as motorcycles evolved from bicycles with an engine attached, to the prototype motorcycles seen racing in MotoGP. Most systems work by converting kinetic energy into thermal energy (heat) by friction. On motorcycles, approximately 70% of the braking effort is performed by the front brake. This however can vary for individual motorcycles; longer- wheelbase types having more weight biased rearward, such as cruisers and tourers, can have a`greater effort applied by the rear brake.
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Unveiled at the 2016 New York International Auto Show, the base Macan joined the range with an inline- four turbocharged 2.0-litre engine, matte black window surrounds, brake calipers in black, unique dual exhaust pipes in stainless steel, front fascia and lava black side blades from the Macan S, seat centres in Alcantara, the newest generation of Porsche Communication Management (PCM), Piano Black interior package and a lane departure warning system. The four-cylinder model went on sale in the United States and globally as a 2017 model year vehicle, with deliveries beginning in July 2016.
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Power brakes are a system of hydraulics used to slow down or stop most motor vehicles. It uses a combination of mechanical components to multiply the force applied to the brake pedal by the driver into enough force to actuate the brakes and stop a vehicle that can weigh several tons. The brake pedal is connected to the vacuum booster which is the first step of the force multiplication. The booster passes the force to the master cylinder, which applies a compressive force to a liquid (hydraulic or brake fluid) and forces it through the brake lines to the brake calipers.
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Front view Rear view For 2015, the GT350 debuted featuring a 5.2 L Flat Plane Crank V8 engine with and of torque. The GT350 is more track focused than the GT500, and was benchmarked against the Camaro Z28, Porsche GT3, and BMW M4. Notable features are track- focused chassis tuning, significant aero-dynamic changes to include lowering the hood around the engine, 2-piece, cross-drilled brake rotors paired with Brembo calipers, MagneRide damping option, lightweight Tremec TR-3160 six speed manual transmission, Recaro seats, and various lightweight components (e.g., carbon fiber reinforced polymer radiator support that directs cooling channels for various components).
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To transfer measuring points from a model to a block of stone or wood, the sculptor usually takes three reference points on both model and block. By using these points a sculpture can be measured accurately, for the three directions of measuring – width, height and depth – are thus defined. These three measuring points are traditionally used by sculptors to copy a sculpture with calipers, but this was simplified significantly with the invention of the pointing machine. In using the pointing machine, the sculptor mounts or glues three metal rivets, that correspond to each other, on both model and block of stone or wood.
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Close-up of a disc brake on a car A disc brake is a type of brake that uses the calipers to squeeze pairs of pads against a disc or "rotor" to create friction. This action slows the rotation of a shaft, such as a vehicle axle, either to reduce its rotational speed or to hold it stationary. The energy of motion is converted into waste heat which must be dispersed. Hydraulically actuated disc brakes are the most commonly used form of brake for motor vehicles, but the principles of a disc brake are applicable to almost any rotating shaft.
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The Turbo S' front brakes were borrowed from the 928 S4, with larger Brembo GT 4-piston fixed calipers and 12-inch discs; rear Brembo brakes remained the same as a standard Turbo. ABS also came standard. The 944 Turbo S' interior featured power seats for both driver and passenger, where the majority of the factory-built Turbo S models sported a "Burgundy plaid" (Silver Rose edition) interior colour but other interior/exterior colours were available. A 10-speaker sound system and equalizer + amp was a common option with the Turbo S and S/SE prototypes.
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The other major use of jeweled bearings is in sensitive mechanical measuring instruments. They are typically used for delicate linkages that must carry very small forces, in instruments such as galvanometers, compasses, gyroscopes, gimbals, dial indicators, dial calipers, and turbine flow meters. In such instruments, jewel bearings are often used as pivots for their needles which need to move reliably and with low variability even when measuring small changes. Bearing bores are typically smaller than 1 mm and support loads weighing less than 1 gram, although they are made as large as 10 mm and may support loads up to about 500 g.
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Body composition can also be measured using the skin fold test, which is performed using a measuring caliper. It can be done in nine steps: # Take measurements on the right side of the body. # Mark client up. # Pinch skin (KM) above mark # Pull fat away from muscles # Place caliper halfway between top and bottom of mark # Allow caliper to settle (1–2 seconds) # Take reading – repeat 15 seconds # Add up total (4) – average # Calculate body fat % A common skin fold method is by using gun style calipers to measure the thickness of subcutaneous fat in multiple places on the body.
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Ferrari 612 Berne GP Edition The 612 GP program was in celebration of Ferrari's 40th anniversary in Switzerland and the anniversary of their first Swiss Grand Prix in 1949. The dark grey car - of which 9 were built - featured the HGTC handling package (including carbon- ceramic brakes) bi-colour paint treatment with the 612 Scaglietti's side "scallops" finished in a silver-grey color and color-coded brake calipers. The interior was finished in red with grey trim. The lower dashboard, seat front sections, central tunnel sides, door panels, and lower half of the sports steering wheel all finished in red.
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This study is still the largest available pool of data for this purpose. It was noticed that the average weights in the population are higher than the ideal weights for survival. The ‘’’Metropolitan Tables’’’ included ‘’small’’, ‘’medium’’ and ‘’large’’ frames, based on elbow-girth measured using calipers, as the elbows do not develop adipose tissue. They presented weight ranges for height, sex and body frame (again associated with the lowest mortality) The midpoint of the ideal weight for the medium frames for each height was selected as the “ideal” weight used for calculations of “excess weight” (initial weight minus ideal weight).
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Minor changes were made for the 2018 model year. For SXT and R/T models equipped with the 3.6-liter V6 and 5.7-liter V8, a new Performance Handling Group package is available. This package adds 4-piston black Brembo brakes (a $500 option for red brake calipers is optional) in the front along with a Bilstein performance suspension, 20x9 inch wheels with 245/45ZR20 performance tires, and upgraded steering. The Challenger GT gains a new 19-inch wheel option while SXT Plus and R/T Plus trims equipped with the Super Track package come with Nappa leather and microsuede sport seats.
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At the end of the Diablo's production run, the company introduced the limited production Diablo VT 6.0 SE. This model was only available in two colours; the gold metallic "Oro Elios" represented sunrise, while the color-shifting bronze/maroon "Marrone Eklipsis" represented the sunset. Other changes include a new magnesium intake manifold, short-gear transmission, special upholstery treatment, "Lamborghini" badged brake calipers, comprehensive road map software in the navigation system, and enhanced carbon fibre trim on the interior. The power output remained the same as on the Diablo VT 6.0. Production was limited to 42 units.
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Starting in 2005, the "SE-R" badged "goose-neck" shifter handle from the previous models was replaced by an all black, leather stitched ball-top shifter. The original two-tone interior cloth found in Spec V models, which was originally red and black for 2002, later changed to gray and black for 2003–2004, was changed to all-black mesh for the final two years of production. A brake package featuring Brembo four-piston calipers up front, 12" vented front discs and 10.9" rear discs was available for 2004–2006 Spec V models. ABS was unavailable with this package.
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This is sometimes used as an alternative to a separate drum parking brake when multi- piston main calipers are used. Hudson automobiles used an unusual hybrid hydraulic-mechanical dual-brake system which operated the rear brakes through the otherwise conventional mechanical parking brake system when a failure of the hydraulic system allowed the pedal to travel beyond its normal limit. A number of production vehicles, light and medium duty trucks, and motor homes have been made with a separate drum brake on the driveline; called a transmission brake. This has an advantage of being completely independent of other braking systems.
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To increase caliper stiffness, the calipers are machined from a single solid piece of metal (in contrast to the more common being bolted together from two halves). Pedal travel is slightly over one inch. Activation of the rear spoiler will allow the air pressure generated at the back of the vehicle to force air into the cooling ducts located at either end of the spoiler which become uncovered upon application of it. Servo-assisted ABS brakes were ruled out as they would imply increased mass, complexity and reduced brake feel; however at the cost of increasing the required skill of the driver.
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When the stock brake is applied, fluid passes freely through the stunt master cylinder inlet port and compensating port and out the exhaust port to the rear wheels. When the stunt brake is applied, the piston in the master cylinder blocks off the compensating port to the exhaust port and pressurizes the rear brake system, cutting off the original brake master cylinder besides the compensating port in the stunt brake. BF Goodrich TA's were added for enhanced traction, as were Tilton brake calipers. The improved traction required installation of a hydraulic in-line brake power booster lifted from a Volvo P-1800.
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When the disc made initial contact with the friction surface, the balls would be forced up the holes forcing the discs further apart and augmenting the braking energy. This made for lighter braking pressure than with calipers, avoided brake fade, promoted cooler running and provided one-third more friction surface than standard Chrysler twelve-inch drums. But because of the expense, the brakes were only standard on the Chrysler Crown Imperial through 1954 and the Town and Country Newport in 1950. They were optional, however, on other Chryslers, priced around $400, at a time when an entire Crosley Hot Shot retailed for $935.
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Suspension is lowered and slightly stiffened in comparison with a stock dirt bike, and braking power is improved with oversize front brake rotors and calipers. Despite the lack of trees on supermoto courses, hand guards are frequently added to supermoto bikes due to the extreme cornering angles achieved by riders. Hand guards also greatly improve survivability of the brake & clutch levers during a fall making supermoto bikes highly crash resistant and often able to quickly re-enter the fray during a race following a crash. In 1991, Italian manufacturer Gilera released the Nordwest model, the first factory produced supermoto.
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Virtual side mirrors Standard equipment for the e-tron includes 12-way heated and ventilated front seats, a panoramic moonroof, and 20-inch wheels. Upgrades include massage seats, power door closers, leather upholstery, 21-inch wheels and orange brake calipers. The interior is in line with other Audi models with a 10.1-inch infotainment screen, a smaller 8.6-inch touchscreen display, Amazon Alexa voice control, Virtual Cockpit system, and an optional head up display. Other equipments include a Bang & Olufsen sound system, and an available Driver Assistance package with enhanced adaptive cruise control, automatic parking assist and night vision.
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The C-Class 125!Edition is a special version of the C-Class commemorating the 125th anniversary of the automobile invention by Karl Benz. The C 200 CGI BlueEfficiency Avantgarde 125!Edition includes 17-inch AMG twin spoke sport aluminium wheels, drilled bench rated brake discs (on the front) with Mercedes-Benz logo on the brake calipers, leather sports seats at the front, leather upholstered 3-spoke steering wheel, stainless steel pedals and sports suspension as standard equipment. The C 200 CGI BlueEfficiency 125!Edition includes LED daytime running headlamps with intelligent light system along with headlong washers and 8-way adjustable power seats at the front.
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Classic, Avantgarde, and AMG trims retained a traditional Mercedes-Benz grille, with horizontal chrome bars and standing hood emblem. Elegance trim featured a 'sport' grille with three wide matt-finish horizontal bars and a large, central emblem as well as a three- spoke steering wheel, optional AMG bodykit, lower and stiffer sports suspension, upgraded brake piston calipers, and larger alloy wheels. W204s advertising predominantly featured the sport grille and AMG bodykit, especially in Canada and the United States. The W204 line offered a range of four-cylinder petrol and diesel engines, a 3.5-litre V6 petrol and a 3.0-litre V6 diesel engine is also available.
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Some other changes Toyota included in the new Tundra are optional tow mirrors, a fuel tank, available alloy wheels, backup camera, Bluetooth, large center console (big enough to fit a laptop), extra-large disc brakes and calipers, and the aforementioned 6-speed sequential automatic transmission. All 5.7-liter Tundras come equipped with a tow package which includes engine oil and transmission coolers, integrated trailer hitch, 4.30:1 axle ratio, and large braking hardware for increased fade resistance. Equipped with the 5.7-liter V8 the Tundra has a maximum tow rating of depending on body configuration. Toyota began rating the Tundra under the SAE J2807 protocol beginning in 2010.
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The Inspire of this era was instead sold as the seventh generation North American spec Honda Accord. The Third-Generation TL was a little smaller than the model it replaced. It is powered by a 270 hp (201 kW); later revised to , based on the new SAE measurement standard for horsepower and of torque, 3.2 L 24 valve SOHC VTEC V6 engine mated to either a 5-speed automatic with SportShift or 6-speed manual. Manual transmission models featured Brembo 4-Piston front brake calipers, a Torsen-type limited slip differential, stiffer anti-roll bars front and rear and performance tires at no additional cost.
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For inclusion in the registry, size records must be verified either by a recognised second party ("a professional malacologist, a reputable shell dealer, or an advanced collector who is recognized as a specialist in the applicable family") or through photographic evidence (three images, showing the shell being measured with calipers and its dorsal and ventral aspects). Entries may be submitted by regular mail or e-mail; a submission form is included at the back of each print edition. These requirements mean that in some cases older or even current malacological literature may include size records which exceed those found in the registry.García, E.F. (28 September 2009).
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Other examples of forensic metrology includes tests that measure if there is a presence of a substance (e.g., cocaine), latent print examination, questioned documents examination, and DNA analysis. Forensic measurements are all supported by reference standards which are traceable to the International System of Units (SI) maintained by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, to natural constants, or to reference materials such as those provided by the United States' national metrology institute known as the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, Maryland. Examples of instruments and equipment used in forensic metrology include breathalyzers, balances & scales, rulers, calipers, Gas chromotographers, and centrifuges.
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The engine is four cylinders in line, four stroke, which is found on the BMW S1000RR.Communiqué de presse BMW It develops 193 hp at 13000 rpm for a torque of 11.2 mkg at 9750 rpm. This engine is enclosed by a frame whose principle is identical to that of the Bimota DB8, namely a tubular trellis on the front part connected to two plates in aluminum on both sides. Braking is ensured by Brembo, thanks to two discs 320 mm in diameter at the front, bitten by four-piston radial calipers, and a simple disc of 220 mm in diameter at the back, clamped by a double piston caliper.
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Rear brakes feature a 230 mm disc with a twin-piston opposed caliper. The ZX-7RR differs from the road model with an adjustable head-stock angle, swing arm pivot, additional increased adjustability 28-way compression and 13-way rebound to the front and 14-way rebound for the rear suspension, ten more than the R model, a solo cowl with a different aluminum subframe, and 41 mm flat-slide carburetors versus the 38mm on the base R model. It also has a close ratio gear-box fitted as standard and a crankshaft flywheel that is heavier and Nissin front brake calipers. Cycle World recorded a time of 10.82 seconds at .
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Stopping power came from uprated front disc brakes, now radially ventilated, sized at in diameter by thick, with ATE single-piston sliding calipers. Standard roadwheels were 13x5.5 ET38 silver 'Hockenheim' alloy wheels with 175/60 H13 tyres. Polo G40 Original Specification Performance figures indicate it could complete the standard discipline of sprinting from a standstill to in 8.1 seconds, and could go on to reach a top speed of . Three prototype cars had been used by Volkswagen in 1985 to set a number of world endurance speed records, such as the 1.3 litre class records for speed over 24 hours, and speed over a distance of .
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2006 MV Agusta Brutale 910 R Premiered at the 2005 Milan EICMA show, where it won a best of show award, the Brutale 910 R was a higher performance version of the 910 S. The engine had polished inlet ports and a specialised eprom, and with the optional racing exhaust produced 144 bhp. Marzocchi USD 50 mm R.A.C. (Road Advanced Component) forks were used, this was the first time they had been used on a road bike. A fully adjustable Sachs single shock absorber was fitted at the rear. A new Brembo front brake system featuring radial P4/34 calipers that featured the Brutale logo were introduced.
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The aluminum dual- piston front and single-piston rear calipers were borrowed from the Chevrolet Corvette. Throughout the project, Scott Kelly, who was the Engineering Liaison of PAS, was instrumental in the development and production of the TTA. Scott served as the go-between for PAS and General Motors throughout the program and was responsible for the all of the Trans Ams used during the month of May 1989, including the three actual pace cars. After the TTA program, Scott worked as the Service and Warranty Administrator for the TTA, GMC Syclone, Typhoon, Sonoma GT, and natural-gas-powered trucks, that PAS produced until 1994.
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The Carrera RS is a lightweight variant of the Carrera. It features a naturally aspirated 3.8 liter engine generating a maximum power output of achieved by the use of lightweight forged pistons, dual oil coolers, big intake valves, Varioram variable-length intake manifold, a modified Bosch Motronic engine management system and lightened rocker arms. The 6-speed G50/31 manual gearbox with a short shifter used on the Carrera RS had modified gear ratios for the first three gears. The larger 322 mm cross drilled and ventilated discs brakes front and aft with four piston calipers were shared with the 911 Turbo and limited slip differential was included as standard equipment.
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Physiognomy claimed a correlation between physical features (especially facial features) and character traits. It was made famous by Cesare Lombroso (1835–1909), the founder of anthropological criminology, who claimed to be able to scientifically identify links between the nature of a crime and the personality or physical appearance of the offender. The originator of the concept of a "born criminal" and arguing in favor of biological determinism, Lombroso tried to recognize criminals by measurements of their bodies. He concluded that skull and facial features were clues to genetic criminality and that these features could be measured with craniometers and calipers with the results developed into quantitative research.
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GT Run Out Edition (sport) The Run Out Edition 2.0 JTS (black only) was assembled in a run of 12 cars for the Dutch dealers only.Brochure showing the "Run Out Edition 2010" aka GT Sport This version had some specifications improved in respect to the creature comforts; the Boss audio system was connected to a multimedia USB and was integrated to the Bluetooth blue&me; system. The Run Out Edition has eighteen-inch alloy wheels, painted brake calipers, black instruments with white backlighting, a black leather steering wheel, and alloy pedals. Furthermore, the car is fitted with specific sized grey leather seats and interior.
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Stamped aluminum panels are welded onto this structure to form an extremely light and rigid platform for the drivetrain and suspension. The Insight has a body weight less than half that of the contemporary Civic 3-door, with increased torsional rigidity by 38% and bending rigidity by 13%. Honda built the Insight with aluminum front brake calipers and rear brake drums, and with a largely aluminum suspension, in addition to standard aluminum wheels; reducing the ratio of un-sprung to sprung weight as well as the total weight. The fuel tank is plastic; the engine mounts are aluminum; and the exhaust is a small, thin wall pipe.
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Ferrari 360 Modena Challenge Based on the 360 Modena road car, the 360 Modena Challenge was an extensively reworked, track-oriented model intended to compete in Ferrari's one-make racing series called the 'Ferrari Challenge.' It was only available with the electrohydraulic-actuated automated manual transmission. At the time of launch, Ferrari claimed the 360 Modena Challenge accelerated from 0 to in 3.9 seconds (0.6 seconds quicker than the standard 360 Modena F1) and could corner and brake significantly faster than the road car due to added aerodynamic elements. Brembo racing provided the upgraded Gold coloured calipers and larger floating 2-piece discs, while Bosch provided the race-oriented ABS software.
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Exterior touches include red painted brake calipers, red pin striping at the edges of the optional over-the-top racing stripes and Shelby GT350R badging. Inside is high-contrast red stitching, Shelby GT350R badging and the D-shaped steering wheel fitted with a red center mark at the top. One optional feature for the GT350R is the GT350R Technology Package, which adds the Ford SYNC 3 multimedia infotainment system, seven speakers, a rear backup camera system, SIRIUS-XM Satellite Radio, and air conditioning. The package is ideal for GT350R buyers who plan to use their car for more than track purposes or for show.
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The Vanquish model debuted with drilled and ventilated disc brakes with four-piston calipers, ABS, with electronic brake distribution. The interior featured full instrumentation, advanced electronics, and a choice of leather upholstery with metallic details – the latter was an intentional move away from the wood trim seen in the DB7. As Aston Martin's flagship car for the era, the V12 Vanquish was designed to deliver new performance benchmarks for the company. In addition to delivering impressive figures including an acceleration of 0–60 mph in under 5 seconds and a top speed of 190 mph, the first-generation V12 Vanquish was generally very well received by the motoring press.
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Both models are equipped with front and side driver and passenger airbags as well as seat belt pre- tensioners. Driving stability is provided by Maserati Stability Program (MSP) which became standard on the 2004 models and controls the engine and brakes to help the driver control the vehicle in extreme driving situations. The MSP system integrates four different vehicle systems - the anti-slip regulation traction control (ASR), the motor spin regulation (MSR), electronic brake force distribution (EBD), and anti-lock braking system (ABS). The wheels employ a high-performance Brembo braking system with light alloy four-piston calipers and cross-drilled large ventilating brake discs.
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Like other mosaics, Byzantine mosaics are made of small pieces of glass, stone, ceramic, or other material called tesserae. During the Byzantine period, craftsmen expanded the materials that could be turned into tesserae, beginning to include gold leaf and precious stones, and perfected their construction. Before the tesserae could be laid, a careful foundation was prepared with multiple layers, the last of which was a fine mix of crushed lime and brick powder. On this moist surface, artists drew images and used tools like strings, compasses, and calipers to outline geometric shapes before the tesserae were carefully cemented into position to create the final image.
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Instead of a pair of horizontal bolts that allow the caliper to move straight in and out respective to the car body, a swinging caliper utilizes a single, vertical pivot bolt located somewhere behind the axle centerline. When the driver presses the brakes, the brake piston pushes on the inside piston and rotates the whole caliper inward, when viewed from the top. Because the swinging caliper's piston angle changes relative to the disc, this design uses wedge-shaped pads that are narrower in the rear on the outside and narrower on the front on the inside. Various types of brake calipers are also used on bicycle rim brakes.
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A 1960s Mercury-Atlas vernier thruster Vernier thrusters on the side of an Atlas missile can be seen emitting diagonal flames. A vernier thruster is a rocket engine used on a spacecraft for fine adjustments to the attitude or velocity of a spacecraft. Depending on the design of a craft's maneuvering and stability systems, it may simply be a smaller thruster complementing the main propulsion system, or it may complement larger attitude control thrusters, or may be a part of the reaction control system. The name is derived from vernier calipers (named after Pierre Vernier) which have a primary scale for gross measurements, and a secondary scale for fine measurements.
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Higher-precision methods are discussed below. Commercial-grade inspection of screw threads can involve most of the same inspection methods and tools used to inspect other manufactured products, such as micrometers; vernier or dial calipers; surface plates and height gauges; gauge blocks; optical comparators; white light scanners; and coordinate- measuring machines (CMMs). Even industrial radiography (including industrial CT scanning) can be used, for example, to inspect internal thread geometry in the way that an optical comparator can inspect external thread geometry. Conical micrometer anvils, specifically suited to resting on the sides of the thread, are made for various thread angles, with 60° being the most common.
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The 3-wire method is also used when high precision is needed to inspect a specific diameter, commonly the pitch diameter, or on specialty threads such as multi- start or when the thread angle is not 60°. Ball-shaped micrometer anvils can be used in similar fashion (same trigonometric relationship, less cumbersome to use). Digital calipers and micrometers can send each measurement (data point) as it occurs to storage or software through an interface (such as USB or RS-232), in which case the table lookup is done in an automated way, and quality assurance and quality control can be achieved using statistical process control.
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1970 Plymouth Road Runner The 1970 model year brought new front and rear end looks to the basic 1968 body, and it would prove to be another success. Updates included a new grille, a cloth & vinyl bench seat, hood, front fenders, quarter panels, single-piston Kelsey-Hayes disc brakes (improved from the rather small-rotor Bendix 4 piston calipers of '68 - '69 ), and even non-functional scoops in the rear quarters. The design and functionality of the Air Grabber option was changed. A switch below the dash actuated a vacuum servo to slowly raise the forward-facing scoop, exposing shark-like teeth on either side.
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In total, 64% of the body structure's mass is comprised from high-strength steel (HSS) and aluminum with 1500-MPa grade steel making up 10.1%. To further increase body rigidity a larger center tunnel reinforced lengthwise with 980-MPa grade steel and 114 feet of structural adhesives are used. A single piece rear bulkhead steel stamping is used to increase body rigidity without necessitating a rear seat brace found on previous TL models allowing for a folding rear seat trunk pass-through. An electric-servo brake- by-wire system similar to the 2nd-gen Acura NSX replaces the hydraulic brake with Type-S models adopting 4-piston Brembo front brake calipers.
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1999 Nissan Silvia Spec-R The Spec-R differed from previous Silvia models by featuring a 6-speed manual gearbox as well as a 4-speed automatic transmission. The Spec-R also included extensive chassis and suspension strengthening via the use of larger anti-roll bars and strut bracing. The S15 featured the same 4-piston front brake calipers that were found in the Z32 300ZX but included a larger brake booster. One of the biggest changes to the S15 model of the Silvia fitted with the 6-speed manual transmission built by Aisin Seiki was the implementation of a helical limited-slip differential.
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A recent development is the electronic parking brake, also known as an electric park brake. Introduced to the mainstream market in 2001, it was first used in the 2001 BMW 7 Series (E65). Two variations are available: In the more-traditional "cable-pulling" type, an electric motor simply pulls the parking brake cable on the push or pull of a button rather than a mechanical lever or pedal in the cabin. A more complex unit (first seen on the 2003 Audi A8) uses a computer-controlled motor attached to each of the two rear brake calipers referred to as the Motor on Caliper (MoC) system.
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Minna Byrne is Mary's best friend and beloved stepmother to 8-year-old Ollie and three lusty, red-headed sons—Tom, Geoffrey and Hugh. Ollie contracted tuberculosis of the hip at a very young age and has one leg shortened and on calipers—though she was born prematurely and has spent 3 or 4 years of her life in hospitals. Anyone speaking ill of her within 50 miles of Heslop (her home) or Mersham would be found lying face down in a ditch with a bloody nose. However, Muriel seems to escape this fate when she humiliates Ollie in front of the other bridesmaids at the dress fitting.
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The drivetrain is linked to a new sport version of Lexus' electronic stability control system (Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management, or VDIM, featuring three distinct on-off modes). The Lexus IS F comes equipped with Brembo cross-drilled brake rotors (14.2 in front, 13.6 rear) and 6-piston front and 2-piston rear aluminum calipers stamped with the Lexus emblem, along with 19-inch BBS forged aluminum alloy wheels. 2008 Lexus IS F interior (USE20; Japan) In October 2007, the IS F premiered in Japan, with a 500-unit yearly target for that country, and a 5,000–6,000 yearly unit target for the U.S. market. Top speed was listed at .
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The Roma also comes with Ferrari's side- slip control 6.0 technology, the Manettino dial with five positions on the steering wheel and a Dynamic Enhancer which controls yaw angle by actuating the individual brake calipers of the car, a first for a Ferrari GT model. Lighter components are used wherever possible and Ferrari claims that 70 percent of the parts used on the Roma are new as compared to the Portofino. An active rear wing activates in three deployment stages at high speed to help aid in generating downforce. The tyres used on the Roma measure 285/35 ZR20s at the rear and 245/35 ZR20s at the front.
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The SD-290 race concept is a single-seat Solstice GXP with engine rated . Weight is reduced by installing driver-side only windscreen and elimination of door glass/hardware, convertible top/hardware, HVAC system and wiper system. It includes Solo Performance cat-back exhaust system, KW Automotive coil-over suspension package, 6-piston aluminum calipers with rotors from Stainless Steel Brake Company, forged 19-inch wheels with Hoosier R6 racing tire, rear spoiler, Removable racing-style steering wheel, Racing seat with four-point safety harness, Chrome fire extinguisher, Pegasus center console gauge package, Driver's roll bar The car was unveiled at the 2006 SEMA Show.
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The 1000DS was a two valve dual spark SuperSport. The 1000DS motor has a 992 cc air-cooled 90° V-Twin, based on Ducati's existing liquid and air-cooled engines, with twin-spark plug heads, pressure fed plain camshaft bearings, redesigned crankshaft, higher oil pressure and volume, and new alloy clutch basket, drive and driven plates. The Multistrada 1000DS uses Ducati's signature trellis frame with fully adjustable 160 mm travel Showa forks up front, and a single-sided swingarm, with an Öhlins fully adjustable rear shock coupled with a rising rate, height-adjustable suspension system at the rear. Brembo "Serie Oro" calipers used front and rear.
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The Legacy STI S402 is a limited edition (402 units) high-performance series for the Japanese market. It includes a 2.5L twin scroll turbocharged engine rated at at 5,600 rpm and of torque at 2,000–4,800 rpm, as well as Bilstein shocks, 18x8-inch BBS forged wheels (from S203, S204) with Bridgestone Potenza RE050A 235/40R18 91W tires, Brembo 6-piston front and 2-piston rear brake calipers (from Subaru Impreza type RA-R) and Vehicle Dynamic Control stability control. A special serial number plate is added to the center console and engine bay VIN plate. Variable valve timing was added and the ECU was updated to improve acceleration.
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BMW Motorrad uses a system called Integral ABS, in which the front brake lever operates both the front and rear brakes, while the brake pedal operates only the rear brake. In the inverse, Honda's system that features both combined brakes and anti-lock brakes is dubbed Combined ABS. In this system, the rear brake pedal operates both front and rear brake, and the front brake lever operates the front calipers, which in turn activates a secondary master cylinder to engage the rear brake. ABS modulators are installed on both the front and rear wheel. Honda’s first street motorcycle with a combined braking system (then called Unified Braking) was the 1983 GL1100.
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One front brake caliper was connected to a secondary master cylinder, and the caliper was allowed to rotate slightly to apply pressure to the piston in that secondary master cylinder. Braking force was translated into pressure that was sent to the rear brake cylinder. Only the two outer pistons in the front brake calipers were directly activated by the brake lever; the center piston received pressure from the rear pedal via the proportioning and delay valve. From 2009 the Honda CBR1000RR and CBR600RR sport bikes are optionally equipped with an integrated Dual CBS and ABS system which uses an electronic control unit to distribute hydraulic pressure between front and rear brakes.
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During this period, the next model up was the 'Tuff Burner'. As per the basic model, the Tuff Burner was available with either red or blue frames, and accompanied by matt black forks, yellow saddle and frame pads, and gold coloured brake levers and calipers, the Tuff Burner was distinguished from the basic model by its yellow, five-spoke 'Mag' (plastic) wheels. Typical UK retail price of the red or blue 'Tuff Burner' in 1982 was £130. The top of the line model in the years 1982-83 was the 'Super Burner', which was distinguished by its apparently gold paintwork (In actual fact, the bike's frame was chrome plated and then covered with a transparent, gold tinted film).
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McLaren M23 rear brakes An inboard braking system is an automobile technology wherein the disc brakes are mounted on the chassis of the vehicle, rather than directly on the wheel hubs. The main advantages are twofold: a reduction in the unsprung weight of the wheel hubs, as this no longer includes the brake discs and calipers; also, braking torque applies directly to the chassis, rather than being taken through the suspension arms. Inboard brakes are fitted to a driven axle of the car, as they require a drive shaft to link the wheel to the brake. Most have thus been used for rear-wheel drive cars, although four-wheel drive and some front-wheel drives have also used them.
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All bucket seat models dispensed with the column shift and adopted a four-speed floor shift, with overdrive standard on manual VX4/90s and optional on the Ventora. The Ventora combined the body of the Victor FD (from 1972 Victor FE) with the 3.3 litre engine from the Vauxhall Cresta. Vauxhall Victor FD Estate In February 1968 Vauxhall launched the Vauxhall Ventora, which was in effect a marriage of the Victor FD body with the 3.3-litre six-cylinder engine hitherto offered only in the larger Cresta and Viscount models. The Ventora offered a claimed of output compared with from the 2-litre 4-cylinder Victor, also featuring correspondingly larger front disc-brake calipers.
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The move away from oil cooling allowed an increase in power, bringing total output to 155 bhp at the crank and introduced another very strong, reliable and extremely tunable Suzuki engine (Performance Bike in the UK reported on one taken to over 190 bhp at the wheel without the use of a turbocharger or nitrous oxide injection). A new stiffer, largely forged, five- sided pentagonal cross-section frame was introduced along with an asymmetrical "banana" swing-arm. Larger Nissin six-piston brake calipers were fitted. The bike's weight also went up slightly, finally passing the 500-pound mark Suzuki had been flirting with for years, but the overall look of the bike remained essentially the same as previous models.
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With the release of the NSX, Acura introduced the "A-badge", a stylized pair of calipers—a tool used for exacting measurements to imply that Acura vehicles are built to precise and demanding standards. NSX was sold under the Acura brand in certain regions Despite a strong start in market acceptance for the Acura brand, sales suffered in the mid-to-late 1990s. Some critics attributed this decline in part to less inspiring designs, which were re-branded Japanese-spec Hondas, such as the Acura Vigor in 1992. Additionally, during this time Acura switched to an alphanumeric nomenclature formula, dropping the Legend, Vigor and Integra titles, following the lead of the NSX sportscar.
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2011 Buick Regal GS At the 2010 North American International Auto Show in Detroit, GM showed a concept GS version of the Regal based on the Opel Insignia OPC and the Vauxhall Insignia VXR. The concept featured a 2.0L, , high-output DOHC I4 turbocharged Ecotec engine, a 6-speed manual transmission and all-wheel drive. The production GS leaves most of the concept specifications intact, but is front-wheel drive. The GS features Buick's Interactive Drive Control System with GS mode, a choice of an FGP Germany F40-6 six-speed manual or Aisin AF-40 (G2) six-speed automatic transmission, high performance brakes with Brembo front calipers and high performance strut (HiPerStrut) front suspension.
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The M Sport models also have the option of red brake calipers aside of the standard blue ones. A M Sport Donnington Edition would be available at launch which would be limited to 1,000 units. On the interior, the basic dashboard design is retained with the biggest highlight being the new touchscreen infotainment system featuring the BMW iDrive 7.0 having over- the-air updates, Personal Assistant Voice Control, integrated Apple Car play and Android Auto and BMW maps, which is a cloud based navigation system featuring real time traffic updates and an improved search function. The infotainment screen measures 10.25-inch as standard but with the BMW Live Cockpit Professional system, measures 12.3-inches.
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In 2010, Aston Martin introduced two special editions of the DBS. Available for DBS and the V12 Vantage, the "Carbon Black" edition includes unique carbon black paint work (as well as orange and grey), Touchtronic gearbox, obsidian black or orange interior and lightweight seats. DBS UB-2010 Limited Edition is a limited (20 DBS coupés and twenty DBS Volantes) version of DBS coupé and Volante named after Dr. Ulrich Bez, the then CEO of Aston Martin Lagonda Limited, commemorating the tenth year of his appointment. This edition comes with the Touchtronic gearbox or a 6-speed manual gearbox upon request, azurite black exterior colour, blue brake calipers and a bronze coloured interior.
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5 speed gearboxes and "four pot" front brake disc calipers were other updates. The new models countered the earlier criticism that had been made in some quarters of tail-happy handling, with the prominent UK motoring magazine "Autocar and Motor" remarking in 1988 that the new 136 Rapid model "handles like a Porsche 911". In 1987, with the introduction of the new Škoda Favorit, the Škoda 105/120 series was trimmed to just the 105 L, 105 SP, 120 L and 120 GL. The 125 L (which was identical to the 120 L but with a 5-speed gearbox) was added in October 1988 and was the final model to evolve from the 105/120 series.
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The rear wheel was changed from 18" to 17". The front brakes remained as 4 opposed piston calipers but the trailing pistons were increased in diameter from 25.4 mm to 27 mm (the leading pistons remained at 30 mm). The Honda RC30 had a 'Pro Squat Rear Brake Linkage' that linked the rear caliper to the frame via a linkage through the swingarm, reducing rear wheel hop under braking. The NC30 had the swingarm machined to allow a torque arm shaft and featured the cast boss on the frame but the linkage was not fitted and the caliper was instead held in place with a simple torque reaction arm bolted into the swingarm.
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Honda quoted that mid-range is increased by . Power is sent to the front wheels through a close-ratio six-speed manual gearbox, and a helical limited slip differential is fitted as standard. The front brake discs are diameter and fitted with four piston Brembo calipers. The car is fitted with Bridgestone Potenza RE070 tyres having size of 225/40 R18. Honda claims the chassis is 50% more rigid than the previous Japan-only pre-facelift DC5 Integra Type R and 25% more rigid than the previous Japan-only facelift DC5 Integra Type R. The FD2 features an independent rear suspension rather than the torsion beam configuration used on the FN2 Type-R.
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The Ibiza's powertrain and running gear was also used in the SEAT Córdoba saloon, estate and coupé. Under Volkswagen's ownership, SEAT was marketed as a sporty and youthful brand, whose cars were sold at competitive prices. The available trim levels were Entry, S, SE, SX, Award, Stella, Signo, Sport (1.8T 20V 156 PS), Cupra and Cupra R. SEAT later introduced a more powerful hot hatch, dubbed Cupra, and equipped with a turbocharged 1.8-litre engine, followed by the 1.8-litre turbocharged Cupra R, of which only 200 units were produced. The main difference between the two were suspension, Brembo four-opposed piston front disc brake calipers, and a power upgrade from to on the Cupra R model.
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The DB1SR is an even higher performance version with 4-piston front calipers, 41 mm carburetors, freer 2-into-1 exhaust and more radical cam shafts and was made between 1987 and 1989. Confusingly, most DB1SRs are labeled "DB1RS" on the fairing and some are styled differently with a rear red number plates and correctly labeled "DB1SR". The DB1SR can be compared to Ducati's Laguna Seca/Montjuich/Santa Monica models, upgraded 750 F1s.Bimota News USABimota Story (1998), Bimota 25th Anniversary The DB1SR was successfully raced in Italy by Tiziano Bombardi, winning the 1987 Italian Sport Production Twins Championship, finishing on top of the podium in 8 of the 9 races, with one second-place finish.
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The GXP also has a 4-speed automatic transmission with paddle-style TAPshift, heads-up display, vented cross drilled brakes with PBR calipers, performance tuned suspension with Bilstein gas-charged struts (sits about lower than other GP models), Magnasteer II, and StabiliTrak dynamic control system. Also, the DIC will display G-Force (maximum achieved for lateral, acceleration, and deceleration) information when the car is not moving. Cosmetically, the GXP differs from the other models with more aggressive bodywork including a different front clip, wheel well cooling vents on the front fenders, a different rear bumper, and twin-dual polished exhaust. The Grand Prix GXP also offers a unique feature of the different-width polished Alcoa forged aluminum wheels.
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To commemorate Aston Martin's GT1 victory at the 2007 24 Hours of Le Mans, Aston Martin introduced the DB9 LM (Le Mans) in the first quarter of 2008. The DB9 LM comes standard with the DB9's optional sports pack and is only available in coupé bodystyle equipped with the automatic transmission. The LM was only available in a special Sarthe Silver exterior colour, named after the Circuit de la Sarthe, where Le Mans is run, and has red brake calipers, a chromed mesh grill, and a special black leather interior, with red stitching and the Le Mans track stitched on the central console. The car is also fitted with the DBS' clear rear lights.
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The Japanese Domestic Market version of the 1990 Legend (2nd generation) was the second vehicle offered with a navigation system called the Electro Gyrocator (first being the 1981 Honda Accord and Vigor), although it was not satellite- based and instead relied on a gas gyroscope (Inertial navigation system). September 29, 1992 saw an upgrade to the "Alpha" trim level, called the Touring Series, which added the Honda Progressive Damper suspension system, and included upgraded calipers for the front and rear disc brakes, and increased the wheel size to 16 inches. A Luxman premium sound system was added to the options list.The prefectural police department of Aomori used "Beta" sedans with the Type II engine for traffic monitoring.
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The car is powered by a 3.7-litre Duratec 37 V6 engine also powering the JS P4 generating a maximum power output of coupled with a 6-speed sequential manual transmission with paddle shifters mounted on the steering column. The car utilises a Brembo braking system with 4 piston calipers front and aft with front brake discs and rear brake discs, double wishbone suspension with actuated push-rods at the rear along adjustable anti-rollbars and dampers and a driver focused interior designed to accommodate tall drivers with a heated windscreen as standard equipment. The JS2 R is designed to have low running costs and easy maintenance. The car can be homologated for FIA Group E category.
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Telescopic gauge set These are a range of gauges that are used to measure a bore's size, by transferring the internal dimension to a remote measuring tool. They are a direct equivalent of inside calipers and require the operator to develop the correct feel to obtain repeatable results. The gauges are locked by twisting the knurled end of the handles, this action is performed to exert a small amount of friction on the telescopic portions of the gauge (the smaller diameter rods found at the T head of the gauge). To use, the gauge is inserted at a slight angle to the bore and gently locked to a size slightly larger than the bore while at that angle.
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A key safety feature was a novel braking system that consisted of an automotive disc brakes attached to the vehicles driveshafts. These brakes were held off by hydraulic pressure that was present whenever the vehicle was connected with guideway power and the on-board controller was commanding them off. In the event of loss of electrical power, the hydraulic pressure holding the brakes was lost and springs inside the cylinders forced brake fluid into the calipers of the disc braking system, ensuring that the vehicles did not simply coast to a stop. In order to provide for a controlled deceleration, a pendulum valve was located in line with the brake actuation cylinders.
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The G37 Sedan or Coupe could be equipped with a six-speed manual transmission by specifying the Sport 6MT model. The Base, Journey and X models could not be ordered with manual transmissions, however the Sport Package included all sport options of the 6MT model (excluding the manual transmission and the hand lever parking brake), and was available for the Journey and X models. The 2009 sport package (standard on Sport 6MT cars, optional on Journey and X models) now also included larger sport brakes with 4-piston front/2-piston rear calipers with ventilated front rotors and ventilated rear rotors, a new sport wheel design for the Sedan and on the Coupe, and Viscous Limited-Slip Differential (VLSD).
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The Maserati Ghibli shares the architecture of the sixth-generation of the Maserati Quattroporte, but sits on a shorter wheelbase for a shorter overall length. Suspension is a double wishbone unit at the front axle and 5-link multilink unit at the rear axle; Maserati's Skyhook adaptive damping system is optional. All Ghibli models employ a ZF 8-speed 8HP automatic transmission and a rear limited slip differential. The braking system uses vented discs on all four corners, four-piston callipers at the front and floating callipers at the rear; the S models come with larger cross-drilled dual-cast rotors, six-piston callipers at the front and four- piston calipers at the rear.
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The car's 75 hp engine combined with its lightweight construction was unusual for the time, especially when considering the price. Front wheels were equipped with disc brakes with four-pot calipers while rear brakes were alloy drums.Haynes Autobook 214 1972 The 1300/1500 and their derivatives were also assembled by Yugoslavia's Zastava and Fiat's German subsidiary, Neckar Automobil AG, as well as in South Africa. The floorpan of the 1500 C was used as a basis for the 1500s replacement, the Fiat 125, while another model, the Polski Fiat 125p, made by the Polish FSO, was created by mating the body of 125 and mechanicals (engines, gearbox, transmission, suspension) of 1300/1500.
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Most non-local components used in the car simply could not be manufactured in Australia, although Joyce would have been willing to try local producers had they existed. Those non-Australian components include English FPT fuel cells, made of the rare material hycathane, the Girling disc calipers, fitted all round, and some other special fittings, including the lightweight aircraft battery that fits underneath the driver's knee. The design programme for the Bowin P3 included as much planning for economic production and lifetime maintenance as for any other phase of the project. Wrapped up in the prime considerations of economics and adaptability was an intense dedication to the idea that this should be purely an Australian car.
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Digital calipers for measuring case length Since the case is the single most expensive part of a loaded round, the more times a case can be re-used, the better. Cases that are loaded to a moderate pressure will generally last longer, as they will not be work hardened or flow under pressure as much as cases loaded to higher pressures. Use of moderate pressure loads extends the life of the case significantly, not to mention saving quite a bit of wear and tear on the barrel. Work hardening can cause cracks to occur in the neck as the hardened brass loses its malleability, and is unable to survive swaging back into shape during the resizing operation.
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Only eleven MA70 Group-A cars were built by TRD Japan for homologation racing. A few out of many special developed parts that were fitted to the various Group-A race cars happen to include a cast magnesium nine litre oil pan with matching high flow oil pump, 288 camshafts with 10.88mm lift, Hollinger close proportion 5-speed gear-set in the R154 case, Harrop 4 piston brake calipers with 15.5 ″ (393 mm) rotors, and TRD-sourced torque-vectoring mechanical limited-slip differential with 50:50 left:right lockup on full throttle. TRD was also responsible for the thick rear-anti squat tram-rods which were integral to the multi-link rear suspension setup to control rear squat under hard acceleration and launching.
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The 2015 Corvette Stingray Atlantic Design Package is based on Z51-equipped Corvette Stingray convertibles with 2LT or 3LT trim. The package includes a Z06-style front splitter, Shark Gray exterior vents, "stinger" graphic and tonneau inserts on the hood, chrome wheels, Stingray logos, and custom luggage bags. The 2015 Corvette Stingray Pacific Design Package is based on the Z51-equipped Corvette Stingray coupe with 2LT or 3LT trim. The package includes satin black full-length racing stripes, satin black Z51 wheels with red stripe and Stingray center caps, carbon fiber ground effect package along with exposed carbon fiber roof panel, Carbon Flash rear spoiler, red brake calipers, Competition Sport seats, carbon fiber interior trim, and an indoor car cover.
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2005 MV Agusta F4 AGO Like the F4 750 and the Oro, the new F4 1000 product line began with a special edition F4 1000 called the F4 1000 AGO in 2005. The machine was a tribute to multiple champion, Giacomo Agostini, who had won most of his championships on an MV. It premiered the new 998cc engine, which produced 166 HP (122 Kw) at 11,750 rpm and had a red-line at 12,700 rpm. The frame was derived from the 750 cc item, 49 mm titanium nitride coated Showa front fork were used and a Sachs Racing shock absorber controlled the rear. Brakes were the same as used on the Oro, Nissin 6 pot calipers and discs with a gold flange.
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The "Monster by Mulliner" Continental GT V8 S is a version of the Continental GT V8 S coupe built by the Mulliner bespoke coach-building division. It features 16 3400-watt Monster speakers tuned by Head Monster Noel Lee, red and black interior colour scheme, Hotspur Continental GT V8 S Beluga hide, 3D laser-etched fascia panel in Piano Black, "Always Lead, Never Follow™" and "Monster by Mulliner" headrest embroidery, Onyx body colour, Hotspur accents including a unique body kit and radiator shell bezel, red brake calipers, a gloss black polished wheel, black bonnet vents, GT Design Seats by Mulliner and 24K gold wireless headphones in a special compartment. The vehicle was unveiled at the Consumer Electronics Show in 2016.
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An Active Valve Performance switchable exhaust system allows the driver to customize the Mustang's exhaust note. Also newly available is a heated leather-wrapped steering wheel, which is now offered in addition to the available heated and ventilated leather-trimmed front bucket seats. The instrument panel has also been redesigned with new trim panels, available in four standard finishes, as well as carbon fiber, depending upon the model of Mustang that is chosen. A new Performance Package 2 incorporates a larger radiator, wider Pilot Cup 2 tires and Brembo brake calipers (like on the GT350), enhanced springs, K-Brace, a Strut-Tower Brace, larger Sway Bar, and unique chassis tuning, and brings the Mustang GT much closer to the GT350 in handling and performance.
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Calipers can be used to measure the height of the retouch scar or a goniometer can be used to measure the angle of the retouch and the height can be calculated with the equation t=D sin(a), where "D" is scar length and "a" is angle of retouch. Limitations of the GIUR are its restriction to use on unifacially retouched flakes and that as values increase, they are less able to accurately represent mass loss, because once retouch meets or succeeds the dorsal spine, t/T ratios declineEren, M. I., & Sampson, C. G. (2009). Kuhn’s Geometric Index of Unifacial Stone Tool Reduction (GIUR): does it measure missing flake mass? Journal of Archaeological Science, 36(6), 1243–1247. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2009.01.
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The brakes had dual radial-mount four-piston calipers and twin discs at the front, and a single-piston caliper and a disc at the rear. Hidden below the steering head was an updated version of the Honda Electronic Steering Damper (HESD) system, which was also available on the CBR1000RR. The smaller, sharper-edged new front upper fairing was dominated by the large central ram-air duct which fed the airbox through an opening in the steering head section of the frame and was separated from the sides of the fairing by a large gap which Honda said was for air management purposes. The tail-section was similarly smaller and sharper-edged, riding atop a heavily restyled under- seat muffler.
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The vehicle includes Rosso Mars (red) body-color, 6-speed "E-gear" automated manual transmission, carbon fiber and Alcantara interior upholstery with red stitching, double-A-arm suspension, 19-inch wheels, titanium bearing and bolts, Pirelli P Zero Corsa tires. Optional equipment includes carbon-ceramic brake discs, a tubular interior roll cage, 4-point safety belts, and fire extinguisher, satellite navigation, with Bluetooth connection for mobile phones, an anti-theft system, grey or white brake calipers and a lifting system that raises the front axle. The Taiwan model was sold in limited quantities (3 units), with both road and track versions. The road version includes exclusive carbon fiber tail wing and engine cover, Alcantara interior upholstery and Alcantara racing seats.
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Unveiled at the Monterey Jet Center during the Pebble Beach Automotive Weekend, the XKR 175 is a limited production version of the XKR for the North American market, built to commemorate the company's 75th anniversary. Notable changes include an increased top speed of , a revised aerodynamic package incorporating a new front air dam, new side sills, a new rear diffuser and a larger rear spoiler providing increased balance and a reduction in lift; 20-inch Kasuga ten-spoke alloy wheels, red brake calipers along with Ultimate Black body colour; Warm Charcoal with Cranberry stitching leather seats and Piano Black wood veneer on the interior. A total of 175 cars were exported to the US, as well as another 15 to Canada.
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185x185pxTA2 class rules specify a tubular chassis built by Howe Racing Enterprises, Mike Cope Racing, M-1 Motorsports, or Meissen Enterprises, and a Chevrolet Camaro (Gen 5 & 6), Ford Mustang (Gen 5 & 6) or Dodge Challenger (Gen 3) body (full-scale replica) built by either Five Star Racing Race Car Bodies (Gen 6 Camaros / Mustangs), or Howe Racing Enterprises (all other eligible cars), with the Camaro body being the most popular by far. The minimum base weight (including driver and any driver gear) for all cars is 2,830 pounds. The costs of shock absorbers, brake calipers & pads, and wheels are controlled, and no titanium or carbon fiber components are allowed. Only the driver's seat and Derhaag single plane rear wing may be constructed using carbon fiber.
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The Turbo also featured several other changes, such as improved aerodynamics, notably an integrated front bumper. This featured the widest turn signals (indicators) fitted to any production car, a strengthened gearbox with a different final drive ratio, standard external oil coolers for both the engine and transmission, standard 16 inch wheels (optional forged Fuchs wheels), and a slightly stiffer suspension (progressive springs) to handle the extra weight. The Turbo's front and rear brakes were borrowed from the 911, with Brembo 4-piston fixed calipers and 12-inch discs. Engine component revisions, more than thirty in all, were made to the 951 to compensate for increased internal loads and heat. 1987 Porsche 944 Turbo (US Model) Changes occurred for the 1987 model year.
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On a dark and stormy night, a mad scientist finds a road-killed chicken, which he takes back to his laboratory to refashion into a cyborg. Midway through the opening sequence, the titular chicken turns his laser eye towards the camera, and the title appears amidst the "laser effects" as Les Claypool of Primus can be heard screaming "It's alive!" quoting Frankenstein. Claypool also composed and performed the show's theme song. The mad scientist then straps the re-animated Robot Chicken into a chair, uses calipers to hold his eyes open, and forces him to watch a bank of television monitors (with allusions to A Clockwork Orange and Watchmen); this scene segues into the body of the show, which resembles someone frequently changing TV channels.
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The front discs are clamped by gloss black painted four-piston calipers, adorned with the RS logo. Rear ventilated discs are sized at in diameter. It includes a fixed rear spoiler (retractable optional), and has black interior with heated Alcantara/leather sports seats (Silk Nappa, Fine Nappa leather optional). The Recaro "RS bucket" seats, first seen in the Audi B7 RS4 are also available as an option. Also carried over from the B7 RS4 is the 'Sport' button, which sharpens the throttle response and deepens the exhaust note, and a three-stage user- selectable Electronic Stability Programme (ESP). Official performance figures indicate the TT RS Coupé will accelerate from a standstill to in 4.5 seconds (4.7 seconds for the Roadster), with an electronically limited top speed of .
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When women reach their maximum pelvis size, often by 21 years of age, if they have a huge pelvis the resulting big hips will not go away—no matter how much they diet, as bone will not shrink. It is not unusual for such women, whose pear shape is due to a huge pelvis, to give up watching calories for smaller hips... leading to obesity. However, such pear shaped obese women do not necessarily have a huge pelvis and a measurement scan or anthropometry by calipers is required to diagnose the Justo Major condition. The incidence of Justo Major Pelvis is not found to be a strictly standard deviation type variation as it follows a tail skewed deviation to the right.
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2007-2008 YZF-R1 2007 Yamaha YZF-R1 used by Noriyuki Haga in the Superbike World Championship. An all-new YZF-R1 for the 2007 model year was announced on 8 October 2006. It had an all-new inline four-cylinder engine, going back to a more conventional four-valves per cylinder, rather than Yamaha's trade mark five-valve Genesis layout. It also had the Yamaha Chip Control Intake (YCC-I) electronic variable-length intake funnel system, Yamaha Chip Control Throttle (YCC-T) fly-by-wire throttle system, slipper-type clutch, all-new aluminum Deltabox frame and swingarm, six-piston radial-mount front brake calipers with 310 mm discs, a wider radiator, and M1 styling on the new large ram-air ports in the front fairing.
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In 2004, Mitsubishi returned to the WRC with the Lancer WRC04, featuring over 6000 changes compared to the Step2 used in 2002 and 2003. The car continued with the 4G63 engine, mounted to a 5-speed semi-automatic transmission (at the start of the season, Mitsubishi used a completely passive transmission before switching to active differentials) and a new all-wheel drive system co-developed by Ricardo Consulting Engineers and Mitsubishi Motors Motorsports (MMSP). The bodywork was subjected to extensive aerodynamic testing at the Lola Cars wind tunnel (this resulted in the completely new front air dam, the new wheel arches and the interesting, shopping trolley handle-like rear spoiler). The front brakes were upgraded to 8-piston calipers clamping discs.
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Dimensions and geometry could be controlled to high accuracy, but this was done by comparative methods: comparison against templates or other gauges, feeling the degree of drag of calipers, or simply repeatably cutting, relying on the positioning consistency of jigs, fixtures, and machine slides. Such work could only be done in craft fashion: on-site, by feel, rather than at a distance working from drawings and written notes. Although measurement was certainly a part of the daily routine, the highest-precision aspects of the work were achieved by feel or by gauge, not by measuring (as in determining counts of units). This in turn limited the kinds of process designs that could work, because they limited the degree of separation of concerns that could occur.
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The Medici Venus is one of the most-copied antiquities. Louis XIV had no less than five, marbles by Carlier, Clérion, Coysevox and Frémery, and a bronze by the Keller brothers. (Haskell and Penny, p. 325). In lead, copies of the Venus de' Medici stand in many English and European gardens, sometimes protected by small temples; in small bronze reductions it figured among the most familiar of the antiquities represented in collectors' cabinets: in Greuze's portrait of Claude-Henri Watelet, ca 1763–65, the connoisseur and author of L'Art de peindre is shown with calipers and a notebook, regarding a bronze statuette of the Venus de' Medici, as if in the act of deducing the ideal proportions of the female figure from the sculpture's example.
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Scratchbuilt models are those for which no kit exists; highly skilled modelers create their vehicle from sheet plastic and components they fabricate themselves. Some scratchbuilt models may contain a few commercial components, but typically it is a small proportion of all the model's parts. Scratchbuilt models may also be made from brass and aluminum, cast in pewter (a low temp metal) and cast with 2-part resins in molds made of RTV rubber material. A scratchbuilding modeler should possess talents in the following areas: soldering, gluing, drilling, taping, grinding, sanding, cutting & shaping in metals and plastics, creating RTV molds (1,2 & 3 part types), painting & weathering, research of prototype material, casting in low temp metals, creating sketches and diagrams of what is being made, measuring in inches or millimeters, use of calipers and other specialized tools.
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The Jetta GLI, a sedan version of the Golf GTI based on the new Jetta, was revealed at the 2011 Chicago Auto Show with the 2.0 TSI 200 hp engine and a fully independent suspension, as well as the European Jetta's soft touch materials. A black honeycomb grill, aggressive lower intakes, side adorning foglights, smoked taillights, dual tailpipes, red painted calipers, and red stitching are all elements to separate it from its run-of-the-mill counterpart. The GLI, as well as the Jetta TDI, are the only two trims to receive Volkswagen's 6-speed manual transmission as well as the optional 6-speed DSG gearbox. GLI models feature a sport suspension that rides 0.6 inches lower than other Jetta models and the XDS® Cross Differential System.
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Measuring the culmen The upper margin of the beak or bill is referred to as the culmen and the measurement is taken using calipers with one jaw at the tip of the upper mandible and the other at base of the skull or the first feathers depending on the standard chosen. In the case of birds of prey where the tip of the mandible may form a long festoon, the length of the festoon may be measured separately as well. In birds of prey the measurement is usually from the bill tip to the ceres. In some birds the distance between the back of the skull and the tip of the beak may be more suitable and less prone to variation resulting from the difficulty of interpreting the feathered base of the mandible.
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Featuring the all new 2017 Bonneville's 1200cc High Torque liquid-cooled engine, the 2018 Speedmaster re-purposed the Triumph Bobber Black's faux-hardtail chassis into a light-duty tourer by adding a larger fuel tank (3.17 gal. vs. the Bobber's 2.4 gal.), larger rider's seat and pillion seat with passenger foot pegs, 'beach bar' handlebars with more pullback, forward controls, chrome exhausts and accents, and a rear fender with mounting points for optional saddlebags. Just like the Bobber Black, the 2018 Speedmaster has a ride-by-wire throttle allowing for selectable 'Rain' and 'Road' modes that modulate throttle response, and one-touch cruise-control; ABS and traction control; LED lighting with daytime running light; twin front disc brakes with Brembo calipers; upgraded KYB front forks; and larger tires.
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A Competition Group (Comp-G) package was available for the GTP that included red painted brake calipers (same brakes as the 'standard' GTP), sport tuned suspension, heads-up display (also in GT2 model), 4-speed automatic transmission with paddle-style TAPShift, StabiliTrak dynamic control system, 3.29 axle ratio, performance tires and Magnasteer II. Also, a 10-spoke light weight wheel was standard with the Comp-G package but could be 'upgraded' to the GTP optional wheel. The newly redesigned model mostly received positive reviews from critics regarding its distinctive styling, performance, and reliability. Commencing with this generation, the 2-door coupe version of the Grand Prix was no longer an available body style. The timing of the disappearance of the Grand Prix coupe coincided with GM's reintroduction of the 2-door Pontiac GTO.
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The Maserati Quattroporte was initially offered in only one configuration, equipped with an automated manual transmission, marketed as DuoSelect. The base Quattroporte DuoSelect featured a chrome grille with horizontal slats, adaptive suspension, marketed as Skyhook, 330 mm brake disks with four piston calipers at each wheel. Maserati offered fifteen exterior paint colours, Poltrona Frau leather upholstery in ten colors, contrasting seat piping and stitching and three types of wood inserts. In 2004, the American luxury department store Neiman Marcus offered a limited edition of the Quattroporte, only available for order through the retailer's 2004 Christmas Catalog at a price of 125,000 USD. Each of the 60 Neiman Marcus Quattroportes was finished in Bordeaux Pontevecchio (wine red) exterior colour and featured a chrome mesh-front grill along with side vents and 19-inch ball-polished wheels.
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The 2013 Shelby GT500 features the 5.8L Trinity V8 engine rated at at 6500 rpm and at 4000 rpm of torque, with a top speed of . The 2013 models gain a new front end sheet metal along with standard HID headlamps, along with a new LED tail light assembly. Performance changes include twin fuel pumps (a Mustang GT's single supply pump, twice over), larger fuel injectors, a grippier and larger- diameter clutch, a larger fan, a three-row intercooler (the previous car used a double-row unit), a beefed-up Tremec 6060 six-speed with an internal oil pump, and a single-piece carbon-fiber driveshaft. Larger Brembo front disc brakes with six-piston calipers, reinforced axle tubes, and aero tweaks to help the car reach 200+mph safely.
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To achieve this, the meter passes a small, harmless, electric current through the body and measures the resistance, then uses information on the person's weight, height, age, and sex to calculate an approximate value for the person's body fat percentage. The calculation measures the total volume of water in the body (lean tissue and muscle contain a higher percentage of water than fat), and estimates the percentage of fat based on this information. The result can fluctuate several percentage points depending on what has been eaten and how much water has been drunk before the analysis. Before bioelectrical impedance analysis machines were developed, there were many different ways in analyzing body composition such as skin fold methods using calipers, underwater weighing, whole body air displacement plethysmography (ADP) and DXA.
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Alfa Romeo Giulietta QV The top of the range model is a version with 1.75 L (1,742 cc) turbocharged TBi engine rated , lowered ride height ( at the front and at the rear), 18-inch Spoke design alloy wheels with dark titanium finish and 225/40 R18 tires plus 18-inch 5 hole design alloy wheels as an option; an enhanced braking system ( front, rear) with calipers painted Alfa red; dark tinted windows, sports kick plates, cloverleaf badges, leather and microfibre seats plus sports leather seats as an option; dark brushed aluminium dashboard. 1750 is an engine size which has its roots in Alfa Romeo's history, with 1.75 L engines being used to power some of Alfa Romeo's first cars. The UK version is marketed as the Giulietta Cloverleaf.
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Mazda RX-8 Spirit-R The Spirit R is a limited edition of the RX-8 built to celebrate the end of the RX-8's production. The name "Spirit R" was based on the final limited edition of the RX-7, the RX-7 Spirit R. It is the fastest and most expensive RX-8 ever made. The Spirit R was limited to only 1,000 cars and exclusively sold in Japan. The car had two transmission choices: a 6-speed manual transmission and a 6-speed automatic with paddle shifters. Features exclusive to the RX-8 Spirit R were bi-xenon headlamps, 4 piston front and rear red brake calipers, high performance Bridgestone Potenza summer tires, a 7.1 channel 300 watt Bose premium audio system with AudioPilot noise cancellation technology, and piano- black transmission tunnel trim.
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The most common vehicle uses of master cylinders are in brake and clutch systems. In brake systems, the operated devices are cylinders inside brake calipers and/or drum brakes; these cylinders may be called wheel cylinders or slave cylinders, and they push the brake pads towards a surface that rotates with the wheel (this surface is typically either a drum, or a disc, a.k.a. a rotor) until the stationary brake pad(s) create friction against that rotating surface (typically the rotating surface is metal or ceramic/carbon, for their ability to withstand heat and friction without wearing-down rapidly). In the clutch system, the device which the master cylinder operates is called the slave cylinder; it moves the throw out bearing until the high-friction material on the transmission's clutch disengages from the engine's metal (or ceramic/carbon) flywheel.
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ABS was available as an option on the 4-wheel disc brake models. Base model Vigors rode on 13-inch steel wheels with hubcaps with more expensive models having the option of 14-inch alloy wheels. As established with the first generation car, the luxury content was also extensive in comparison to luxury equipment available from competitors at the time. Some of the items on the top level 2.0Si included a power tinted glass moonroof, optional four-wheel anti-lock brakes, optional coloured LCD digital instruments (speedometer, tachometer, fuel gauge and engine temperature), tilt steering with speed sensitive power steering, cruise control, power windows, power door locks, electronic AM/FM stereo radio with cassette and 4 speakers (high power) with subwoofer and amplifier, intermittent front wipers (variable), 4-Wheel disc brakes (front: 2 piston calipers with ventilated front discs), and optional leather interior.
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1985 Honda CX500 Sports Introduced in 1982 the EC variant is a much improved motorcycle compared to the original 500. Sharing many parts with the CX500 Turbo introduced the same model year, the Sport (following the release of the CX650ED 'Eurosports', many people referred to the CX500EC also as the 'Eurosports' although technically not correct) features air pre-load assisted front forks with an anti-dive mechanism, known as TRAC (Torque Reactive Anti- dive Control), and an air pre-load assisted prolink mono-shock rear suspension. The wheels were also modified, with an restyled round hole comstar with a 100–90H18 front tyre, whilst on the rear is a 120–80H18. The brakes are vastly improved with much more effective twin pot calipers on the front and a new disc brake with twin pot caliper on the rear replacing the original drum.
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The Volkswagen Type 2 (T3) was the third generation of the Volkswagen Transporter and was marketed under various nameplates worldwide – including the Transporter or Caravelle in Europe, Microbus in South Africa, and Vanagon in North and South America. It was larger, heavier, and more angular in its styling than its predecessor, the T2. The T3 was manufactured in Germany from 1979 until 1991. Production of the Syncro (mostly for official use, like postal service or German army) continued until 1992 at Puch in Graz/Austria, where all 4WDs were built. It was available in 14" syncro and a 16" syncro version, main difrences between the 2 models was 16" wheels with 205R16 tires, lager front brakes 280mm dics insted of 254mm disc that was on the 14" syncro but they shared the same calipers and brake pads.
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Released in 2007, the Le Mans sports a new front fascia, a large rear wing, reshaped air intakes, modified side skirts, reshaped rear valance, new daytime driving lights, 20 inch Rinspeed aluminum wheels and carbon fiber in the mirrors. The Le Mans also features upgraded brakes with 8 piston calipers in front and 6 piston in the rear, and an adjustable suspension system developed with the help of Bilstein. As for power, the 600 receives revised turbochargers, a carbon air intake system with sport air filters, and improved intercoolers and exhaust system. These modifications boost the power rating of the Le Mans 600 from a stock 358 kW (480 hp) on the 911 Turbo to 448 kW (600 hp) at 6,700 rpm, and torque from 620 N·m (457 lbf-ft) to 800 N·m (590 lbf-ft) at 4,000 rpm.
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The pointing machine is used for making one-to-one copies of existing sculptures and to reproduce models made of plaster, modeling clay or modeling wax in materials like stone or wood. It is not possible to use a pointing machine to produce enlarged or reduced copies; the traditional instruments for this are a set of calipers or a three-dimensional version of the pantograph.A video on the use of such a pantograph However, there is also a special version of the pointing machine that was used for mirroring, enlargements or reduced carving.A video on the use of a special pointing machine, from the workshop of Dutch architect Pierre Cuypers (Dutch subtitles) To better control the end result of the finished sculpture, sculptors have increasingly taken to making a detailed model and then reproducing it, on the same scale or enlarged, in stone.
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In the rear, 12.2-inch cast-iron ventilated discs attached to their hub with lightweight aluminum collets and were gripped by one-piston aluminum brake calipers. The RL was equipped with unique five-spoke 17-inch alloy wheels and Michelin Pilot HX MXM 4 245/50-R-17 98V all season grand touring tires. These wheels were one inch larger in diameter, and the tires 20 mm wider in section, than those found on the first-generation Acura RL. New features on the 2005 RL included a keyless entry system which allowed the driver to both lock and unlock the car by touching the door handle, without having to use the remote control, and a keyless start system. A new 260 watt, ten speaker Bose DVD-Audio 5.1 sound system equalized for the RL cabin featured several Bose technologies.
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The car's suspension has double wishbones at the front and a multi-link setup at the rear, coupled with E-Diff and F1-Trac traction control systems, designed to improve the car's cornering and longitudinal acceleration by 32% when compared with its predecessors. The brakes include a prefill function whereby the pistons in the calipers move the pads into contact with the discs on lift off to minimize delay in the brakes being applied. This, combined with the ABS and standard Carbon Ceramic brakes, have caused a reduction in stopping distance from 100–0 km/h (62-0 mph) to . Tests have shown the car will stop from 100 km/h (62.1 mph) in or in with run flat tires, from 60 mph (97 km/h) and from 60 mph (97 km/h) with run flat tires.
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Renault Sport 230 Renault F1 Team R26 The Megane Renault Sport 230 Renault F1 Team R26 is a version that commemorates the success of Renault in the Formula 1 World Championship with the 2005 Constructors' and Drivers' Championship titles. It is based on the facelifted Mégane RS. The engine is rated at at 5,500 rpm and at 3,000 rpm. It incorporates the improved version of the Cup Chassis package, which includes 18-inch Anthracite spoked alloy wheels with Michelin Pilot Sport 2 235/40 R18 tires, Brembo front and rear red brake calipers and an increased brake master cylinder diameter, plus revised stiffened steering. Other features include a sport exhaust, Recaro seats, climate control, 4x15-watt RDS radio single CD/MP3 player with 6 speakers, Renault F1 decals, numbered plaque, limited slip differential and a rear spoiler.
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Due to the dust laid on it by road traffic all year round, it offers drivers a low amount of grip. Engineers set up the cars to extract the maximum amount of downforce at the rear and to be stable in high-speed corners. This puts a strain on traction and braking and prompted teams to install cooling devices on the brakes' rotor and calipers. Kimi Räikkönen (pictured in McLaren overalls in 2002) was one of four drivers to make their Formula One debut in Melbourne. Of the 22 drivers on the starting grid, four made their debut. The 1999 Championship Auto Racing Teams (CART) champion and 2000 Indianapolis 500 winner Juan Pablo Montoya joined the Williams team to partner Ralf Schumacher, replacing Jenson Button, who was loaned to the Benetton team on a two-year deal.
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Colin Chapman hired a young and talented gearbox engineer, Keith Duckworth, to solve this problem, but the priority needed to be on Lotus 16 for Grands Prix, which shared the Queerbox problem, so a newer version Series 2 was born while the update was in development in July, 1958 with BMC B-series four speed gearbox attached directly behind the engine, and a conventional differential housing with brake disc calipers mounted on the sides. For the purpose of lowering the centre of gravity, the Climax engine was tilted about 28 degrees from vertical in the Series 1, which was found to cause engine lubrication issues, so it was mounted about 17 degrees from vertical on the Series 2. To clear the top of the engine, a larger bonnet bulge with front air scoop was incorporated on the body.
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The new 2013 Shelby GT500 also had no grill, due to the massive amount of cooling required for the vehicle. Performance changes included twin fuel pumps (a Mustang GT's single supply pump, twice over), larger fuel injectors, a grippier and larger-diameter clutch, a larger fan, a three-row intercooler (the previous car used a double-row unit), a beefed-up Tremec TR-6060 six-speed manual transmission with an internal oil pump, and a single-piece carbon-fiber driveshaft. Larger Brembo front disc brakes with six-piston calipers, reinforced axle tubes, and aero tweaks to help the car reach + safely. According to Ford, the changes have resulted in a 14-percent reduction in drag and a 66-percent increase in front-end downforce. Also new for 2013 was a larger front anti-roll bar and retuned springs.
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The 370Z 40th Anniversary Edition is a limited (1,000 units) version based on the 370Z Coupe Touring, built to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the Datsun 240Z arriving in North America. It includes a manual transmission, Sport Package (including SynchroRev Match, front chin spoiler, rear spoiler, Nissan Sport Brakes, 19-inch RAYS forged aluminium-alloy wheels and viscous limited-slip differential), special "40th Anniversary Graphite" exterior color, red leather interior upholstery, a high-luster smoke wheel finish, red brake calipers, 40th Anniversary badges on the rear hatch and front strut tower brace, red door panel inserts, 40th Anniversary seatback and floormat embroidery, and red stitching on the center stack, shift boot and kneepads. It also has a leather steering wheel with red stitching, a plaque of authenticity, and a commemorative premium satin car cover. The vehicle was unveiled at the 2010 Chicago Auto Show.
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A special limited-production, high- performance version of the XE called SV Project 8 debuted at the 2017 Goodwood Festival of Speed. The base car was modified by Jaguar Land Rover's Special Vehicle Operations (SVO) team, with carbon fibre body panels and aerodynamic aids including a front splitter and rear wing, carbon fibre and Alcantara interior trim, 400 mm carbon ceramic brake discs in front with six-piston calipers, unique 20-inch wheels with Michelin Sport Cup 2 tires, and a supercharged and intercooled 592 hp version of the 5.0 L Jaguar AJ-V8. In the typical trim the Project 8 has four leather-trimmed bucket seats, with the two front seats mounted on lightweight magnesium frames. A "track package", not available in the United States, features a harness retention hoop in place of the rear seats, and carbon fibre racing seats with four-point competition harnesses installed in the front.
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During the second to the last year of production of the 993 (1997), Porsche offered the 993 Turbo S which was manufactured by Porsche Exclusiv department. The Turbo S is a high-specification Turbo including a power upgrade to 450 hp (DIN) (424 hp (SAE) for the American market) achieved by larger KKK K-24 turbochargers, an additional oil cooler and a modified Motronic engine management system. The inclusion of extras including carbon fibre decoration in the interior makes it different from the earlier lightweight, spartan 964 Turbo S. The 993 Turbo S is recognized by yellow brake calipers, a slightly larger rear wing, a quad-pipe exhaust system, a front spoiler with brake cooling ducts (on European market cars), carbon fibre door sills with 'Turbo S' badging and air scoops behind the doors. This was the last of the air-cooled 911 Turbos.
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The 2013 model year TRD Edition is a concept car developed by Toyota Racing Development. It includes a supercharged 3.5-liter V6 engine with Eaton Gen 6 TVS rotor assembly, six-speed automatic transmission, six-piston front & four-piston rear calipers, burgundy body color, tinted taillights, color-keyed grille and dual exhaust with polished mufflers, 19-inch wheels with Michelin 225/40R19 tires, a red stitching touch on the instrument and door panels, seats red stitching and accent piping and a JBL GreenEdge surround-sound system. 2014 Avalon XLE (US) The 2013 model year HV Edition is based on the hybrid model. It includes 19-inch wheels with Michelin Pilot Super Sport 225/40R19 tires, JBL GreenEdge surround-sound system with 15-speakers, hybrid-blue headlights, turn signals, bright white with electric blue body color and the suspension and braking system from the 2013 model year TRD Edition.
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The XKR-S GT is a limited (30 units in United States and Canada, 10 units in the UK; worldwide production was 45 units) version of XKR-S coupé. Technical highlights included a six-speed transmission, active electronic differential, bespoke aerodynamic components and suspension developments to increase downforce and optimised high-speed cornering ability (a wider front track, increased camber, revised bushings, a new steering system and faster steering ratio, height-adjustable and bespoke adaptive dampers with twin spring system and increased rates of 68% at the front and 25% at the rear), a carbon ceramic brake system (398 mm and 380 mm front/rear discs, 6/4-piston front/rear monoblock calipers) The car was unveiled by Jaguar in 2013 at the New York International Auto Show, followed by the 2013 Goodwood Festival of Speed. Delivery to UK customers commenced in October 2013.
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ODA Japan The Nissan Civilian with ODA logo Though a public school, the No. 1 Senior High School has received plenty of endowments of mainly educational instruments and others. Sir Run Run Shaw (邵逸夫), a Hong Kong media mogul and philanthropist, donated a building (presently as the main building) in 2001. It was also endowed with many teaching and experimental instruments, such as desks, chairs, microscopes, vernier calipers, and multitesters from the Official Development Assistance Japan. This was the sequence to the Japan's 3rd Program of Secondary Education Equipment for Minority Areas in the People's Republic of China (第三次少数民族地区中学教育器材装备计划) launched by ODA Japan in 1999; the No. 1 Senior High School was one of those to have been endowed, while the equipment was put into service in 2000.
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Thus it is generally preferred to build a crossed-spoke wheel where torque forces, whether driving or braking, issue from the hub. Where braking is concerned, the older-style caliper devices that contact the rims to apply braking force are not affected by lacing patterns in this way because braking forces are transferred from the calipers directly to the rim, then to the tires and then to the roadway. Disc brakes, however, transfer their force to the roadway via the spokes from the disc's mounting point on the hub and are therefore affected by the lacing pattern in a manner similar to that of the drive system. Hubs that have previously been laced in any other pattern should not be used for radial lacing, as the pits and dents created by the spokes can be the weak points along which the hub flange may break.
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Ford GT (rear view) When the Ford GT was first announced, the demand outpaced supply, and the cars initially sold for premium prices. The first private sale of Ford's new mid-engine sports car was completed on August 4, 2004, when former Microsoft executive Jon Shirley took delivery of his Midnight Blue 2005 Ford GT. Shirley earned the right to purchase the first production Ford GT (chassis #10) at a charity auction at the Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance Auction after bidding over US$557,000. A few other early cars sold for as much as a US$100,000 premium over the suggested retail price of US$139,995.Ford Motor Company – Press Release – 2005 Ford GT will deliver 550 horsepower in production trim Optional equipment available included a McIntosh sound system, racing stripes, painted brake calipers, and forged alloy wheels adding US$13,500 to the MSRP.
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The introduction of thou as a base unit for machining work required the dissemination of vernier calipers and screw micrometers throughout the trade, as the unit is too small to be measured with practical repeatability using rules alone. (Most rule markings were far too wide to mark a single mil, and even if such dividing is accomplished, it is illegible to the naked eye, being discernible but not useful for measuring.) During the following half century, such measuring instruments went from expensive rarities to widespread, everyday tools among machinists. Bringing more metrology into machining increased the separation of concerns to make possible, for example, designing an assembly to the point of an engineering drawing, then having the mating parts made at different firms who did not have any contact with (or even awareness of) each other—yet still knowing with certainty that their products would have the desired fit.
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The Jaguar F-Type 400 Sport, a special-edition model that would remain on sale for just one year, was launched as part of a raft of revisions to the British sports car. The F-Type 400 Sport launch edition is powered by an upgraded version of the 3.0-litre supercharged V6 engine producing a power output of (hence the name) and the addition of the Super Performance braking system (which features 380 mm front and 376 mm rear discs and black calipers with 400 Sport logo) and a Configurable Dynamics system which allows drivers to select individual settings for the throttle, transmission, steering and dampers. The F-Type 400 Sport features unique 20-inch alloy wheels. The car features '400 Sport' badges on the front splitter and rear of the car, as well as the centre console, steering wheel, tread plates and embroidered headrests.
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Michael Ian "Mike" Shamos (born April 21, 1947) is an American mathematician, attorney, book author, journal editor, consultant and company director. He is (with Franco P. Preparata) the author of Computational Geometry (Springer- Verlag, 1985), which was for many years the standard textbook in computational geometry, and is known for the Shamos–Hoey sweep line algorithm for line segment intersection detection and for the rotating calipers technique for finding the width and diameter of a geometric figure. His publications also include works on electronic voting, the game of billiards, and intellectual property law in the digital age. He was a fellow of Sigma Xi (1974–83), had an IBM Fellowship at Yale University (1974–75), was SIAM National Lecturer (1977–78), distinguished lecturer in computer science at the University of Rochester (1978), visited McGill University (1979), and belonged to the Duquesne University Law Review (1980–81).
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In 2007, Nissan dropped the "Track" version in favor of the "Nismo" edition, but retained the Brembo brakes, Rays Engineering wheels, and simple interior, but added a larger exhaust and aggressive body kit. The second Nismo edition, released in 2007, included revised camshafts, a Nismo sport tuned exhaust, custom Rays Engineering wheels ( in rear), front and rear spoilers and rear diffuser, and a Brembo braking system with four- piston front and two-piston rear calipers (with front and rear rotors). The 2005 35th Anniversary Edition and 2006 350Z were equipped with manual transmissions received a newly revised engine, which increased the redline to 7,000 rpm and increased power to . 2007-2008 models came with the 3.5L VQ35HR engine with dual intakes and a 7,500 rpm redline, which produced a power output of , and featured a more linear powerband in addition to the increased torque at lower revolutions.
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Ducati Hypermotard 1100 MY09 The first 2007 Hypermotard was available in two configurations: the base '1100' model and the higher specification '1100S' model. The more expensive 1100S featured a durable low friction diamond-like carbon (DLC) black coating to the front fork sliders, an Öhlins remote reservoir rear shock, the same Brembo Monobloc brake calipers used on the 1098, lighter forged aluminium Marchesini wheels with a red pin-stripe, Pirelli tires, plus carbon fibre fork protectors, timing belt covers, front mudguard/ fender and tail/ exhaust side panels. These upgrades made for a 2 kg (4.5 lb) weight saving; 177 kg (390 lbs) versus 179 kg (395 lbs) for the base model. The specification remained virtually the same for 2009, however the 1100S model received 48 mm Kayaba forks (with DLC coating) to replace the 50 mm Marzocchi items, while lower-spec Marzocchi forks continued to be offered on the base model.
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In the remains of a small cabin in the bow of the ship and in a few other locations around the wreck was found the earliest dated set of navigation instruments in Europe found so far: compasses, divider calipers, a stick used for charting, protractors, sounding leads, tide calculators and a logreel, an instrument for calculating speed. Several of these objects are not only unique in having such an early, definite dating, but also because they pre-date written records of their use; protractors would have reasonably been used to measure bearings and courses on maps, but sea charts are not known to have been used by English navigators during the first half of the 16th century, compasses were not depicted on English ships until the 1560s, and the first mention of a logreel is from 1574.Robert Hicks, "Navigation and Ship's Communication" in Gardiner (2005), p. 264; Alan Stimson, "The Navigation Instruments" in Gardiner (2005), pp. 267–81.
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G 63 AMG at Legendary 2014 The supercharged 5.4-litre V8 was replaced by the new 5.5-litre biturbo V8 for 2012 for better fuel consumption and lower emission. AMG made some more changes to the exterior as to give G 63 AMG more "brawl" appearance: single horizontal fin with twin chrome edges in the middle of radiator grille with more prominent three-point star ornament in the middle; new light-alloy wheel design; three enlarged airflow inlets on both sides and in middle of front bumper; vertical chrome stripes cover the small bumper guards; exterior rear- view mirrors are same as in GL-Class and ML-Class. The mechanical upgrade was AMG sports exhaust system with high-gloss chrome inserts, larger AMG high performance brakes with six-piston fixed calipers for front brakes from ML 63 AMG, and revised suspension and damper settings for more dynamic handling characteristics. The new E-SELECT gear selector from Mercedes-Benz SLS replaced the standard gear selector.
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The 2014-2017 SS was a full- size performance sedan based on the Australian VF Commodore. The LS3 6.2L V-8 powers the SS, is SAE certified at 415 horsepower (310 kW) and 415 lb-ft of torque (563 Nm), which helps it sprint from 0 to 60 mph in about five seconds. It is matched with a GM 6L80 transmission that can be shifted manually using TAPshift paddles mounted on the steering wheel. The rear axle has an aggressive 3.27 ratio that enhances the feeling of acceleration. Additional chassis and suspension features include: MacPherson strut front and multi-link independent rear suspension geometry Electronic power steering system, optimized for sport driving Standard Brembo front brakes, with ventilated, 14-inch (355-mm) two-piece rotors and four-piston calipers Forged aluminum wheels, wrapped in ultra-high-performance Bridgestone tires: 19 x 8.5-inch wheels with 245/40ZR19 tires in front; 19 x 9-inch wheels with 275/35ZR19 tires at the rear.
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There is no change in the mechanical specifications. Added features are newly designed alloy wheels, color-coded mirrors and door handles, remote central locking, intermittent wipers with a timer and map lights. The European GT model received further upgrades in the form of more parts from the STI range. The front brakes became Subaru branded four-pot calipers with discs, the wheels having become 16-inch lightweight alloys. The STI 4 high-level wing was fitted to the sedan, and STI-style front bucket seats and firmer suspension were also fitted. The "Phase 2" engine now fitted developed , an increase of over the previous model. To counter the grey imports of high-performance Japanese variants, Subaru UK commissioned Prodrive to produce a limited edition of 1,000 two-door cars in Sonic Blue, called the WRX "P1". Released in March 2000, they were taken from the STI Type R lines and used for the P1.
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Skoda 130 Rapid The very first Škoda 130 models were introduced in August 1984, shortly after the earlier Škoda 105/120 models were given a mild revamp. Developed from the earlier Škoda 105/120 models (some of which continued in production alongside the Škoda 130 models), the 130 series used a new 1289 cc engine (which produced , and which was just an enlarged version of the 1174 cc engine used in the 120 series). The 130/135/136 series also had a five-speed gearbox, semi-trailing arm rear suspension, wider track and four-pot front brake disc calipers (the latter two of which were already in use in the 105/120 series). The Saloon versions of the new 130 series were available in 130 L and 130 GL forms and the Coupè model was the 130 Rapid, which (with the exception of their mechanical specification) were broadly identical to the smaller-engined 120 LS and GLS Saloons and 120 Rapid Coupé.
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The 80-11 models are limited (80 units per model) versions of the Continental GTC and GTC Speed for the North American market. They feature 20-inch 14-spoke alloy diamond wheels polished with unique black center caps featuring Bentley 'B' emblem (GTC) or 20-inch wheels from Supersports finished in dark tint with red brake calipers (GTC Speed) as well as Union Jack brightware badges on the front fenders, exclusive Midnight body colour option, Dark Grey Metallic soft top and the Mulliner fuel-filler cap as standard, Beluga main leather hide with white (GTC) or Pillar Box Red (GTC Speed) contrast stitching and piping and Bentley emblems, Piano Black veneers, engine-turned aluminum with bright (GTC) or dark (GTC Speed) finish, drilled alloy sport foot pedals, treadplates and a badge on the console with the '80-11 Edition' signature. The vehicle was unveiled at the 2010 Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance, and arrived at Bentley dealers in the Autumn of 2010 as 2011 model year vehicles.
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In 1990, the DOHC 2.0-liter turbocharged Legacy "GT" sedan/extended roof wagon was introduced, with a 4-speed computer- controlled automatic transmission only on the GT sedan and a choice of automatic or manual transmission on the wagon, as well as the slightly more affordable "RS type R" turbocharged sedan. The GT sedan/wagon, the RS, and RS type R came with 15-inch alloy wheels and 205/60R15 tires, dual piston brake calipers front and single piston rear, and a sport-tuned suspension over the standard wheel size of 14-inch steel wheels for the other models offered. Plastic wheel covers were not offered on the entry level "Ei" sedan or wagon, and the 13-inch wheel was painted silver instead of black. The "Ti type S" sedan and wagon, introduced in 1991, were offered with items available on the more expensive VZ and TZ but with the smaller 1.8 engine.
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In 2016, the 900 was superseded by two 270° 1200cc water-cooled similarly-styled café racers, the Triumph Thruxton and Triumph Thruxton R. The standard 1200 Thruxton has conventional cartridge forks and fixed discs, while the "R" has upgraded Öhlins rear suspension with Showa USD "big piston" forks and Brembo front radial calipers with floating discs.Triumph Bonneville procure - April 2016 Both 1200 Thruxtons have traction control, ABS, and ride by wire throttles featuring three modes, sport, road, and rain. Being of similar weight to the 900 but with 42% more power, the 1200 has a much improved power-to-weight ratio; but at over 200kg (dry), neither bike should be considered a lightweight. Both Thruxton 900 & 1200 models are produced at John Bloor's Chonburi plant, but the original Thruxton was a special based on the Triumph Bonneville from the factory at Meriden Works, where, from May 1965, Triumph produced 52 tuned Thruxton Bonnies to homologate the type for production racing.
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McLaren 650S GT3 at Silverstone National Circuit The winning McLaren 650S GT3 at the 2016 Liqui Moly Bathurst 12 Hour In June 2014, McLaren announced that they would produce a GT3 version of the 650S, either as a new car or as an upgrade for the existing 12C GT3 – which will contest GT3 championships from 2015 onwards. Changes to the car from the road car includes a new 6-speed sequential motorsport gearbox; 380 mm ventilated brake discs with six-piston calipers at the front and four-piston units at the rear; a 52 mm wider track; revised suspension geometry and upgraded components. It is distinguished from the road car by larger air intakes and front splitter, and carbon fibre air intakes and a new rear wing. The 3.8-litre McLaren twin-turbocharged V8 engine, also used in the 12C-GT3, produces , and includes a new ECU to improve turbo boost and gearshifts.
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Since its launch in 1991, the 6.75 L Garrett-turbocharged V8 engine from the Turbo R was chosen for use in the Continental R. In early cars (produced from 1991 to 1993) power output of at 4,000 rpm and peak torque of at 2,000 rpm was available, although this was always estimated as at that time, Rolls-Royce still had a policy of not supplying official figures, preferring to describe power output simply as "sufficient". The car used the new 4-speed GM 4L80-E automatic transmission which had been exhaustively tested by Rolls Royce, over , and modified by them to deliver very high levels of refinement. The car featured self-levelling hydraulic suspension (with adaptive ride/Automatic Ride Control) and ventilated disc brakes at the front with twin calipers. Engine management was done via the MK-Motronic digital fuel injection with fully mapped ignition control system. At launch, advertised top speed was , along with a 0- acceleration time of 6.6 seconds.
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2013 Mini John Cooper Works GP shown at the LA Auto Show on 5 December 2012 The Mini John Cooper Works GP is a limited-edition model run of 2000 units. The GP is a fast road and track focused performance edition, and a celebration before the new Mini variant arrives. The GP features additional performance, with at 6000 rpm and of torque at 2000-5100 rpm from a larger turbo and engine internals, larger front brakes with 6-pot calipers developed by Brembo, coilover suspension developed by Mini and Bilstein, lightweight 17" x 7.5" wheels, semi-slick tyres developed by Kumho specifically for the GP, rear diffuser and carbon kevlar flat under-tray, carbon fiber rear spoiler, 'GP Mode' traction control system, weight saving by the removal of the rear seats and fitting of Recaro sports seats for driver and front passenger. Styling features include specific vinyl stickers on the bonnet, roof, and door panels, GP badging on the boot lid.
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The film was mostly shot in-camera and features a mixture of long exposure photography, stop- motion animation, live-action, and CGI. In June 2008 Director Michel Gondry was quoted in Paste magazine as saying "Clicking on a PES film is to open a safe and suddenly see a million ideas glittering and exploding. The only reason you close the door is to re-open it just after and discover what will pop this time." In December 2010, PES's short "The Deep" premiered in Episode 1 of Showtime Network's "Short Stories" series (PES's films were the source of inspiration for the series)."Showtime SHORT Stories - Trevor Noren / PES Interview", The Reel (UK), January 24, 2011 "The Deep" features various metallic objects including old hand tools, nut crackers, calipers, film lenses, faucet knobs, chains, skeleton keys, a bike horn, a belt of bullets, and a piece of a flute that come to life as mysterious sea creatures.
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Alfa Romeo 4C Launch Edition (European model) The 4C Launch Edition was a limited and numbered edition, unveiled at the vehicle's launch at the 2013 Geneva Motor Show. The vehicle came in a choice of four paint colours (Rosso Alfa, Rosso Competizione tri- coat, Madreperla White tri-coat or Carrara White matt). 400 examples were reserved for Europe, Africa and the Middle East, 500 for North America and 100 for the rest of the world (88 delivered to Australia—in Rosso Alfa and Madreperla White only). Distinguishing features of the Launch Edition were carbon fiber trim (including headlight housings, spoiler and door mirror caps), rear aluminium extractor with dark finishing, Bi-LED headlights, dark painted 18-inch front and 19-inch rear alloy wheels, additional air intakes on the front fascia, red brake calipers, racing exhaust system, BMC air cleaner, specific calibration for shock absorbers and rear anti-roll bar, leather/fabric sports seats with parts in Alcantara and a numbered plaque.
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In a hydraulic brake system, when the brake pedal is pressed, a pushrod exerts force on the piston(s) in the master cylinder, causing fluid from the brake fluid reservoir to flow into a pressure chamber through a compensating port. This results in an increase in the pressure of the entire hydraulic system, forcing fluid through the hydraulic lines toward one or more calipers where it acts upon one or more caliper pistons sealed by one or more seated O-rings (which prevent leakage of the fluid). The brake caliper pistons then apply force to the brake pads, pushing them against the spinning rotor, and the friction between the pads and the rotor causes a braking torque to be generated, slowing the vehicle. Heat generated by this friction is either dissipated through vents and channels in the rotor or is conducted through the pads, which are made of specialized heat-tolerant materials such as kevlar or sintered glass.
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Sprung and unsprung mass are shown Sprung mass (or sprung weight), in a vehicle with a suspension, such as an automobile, motorcycle, or a tank, is the portion of the vehicle's total mass that is supported by the suspension, including in most applications approximately half of the weight of the suspension itself. The sprung mass typically includes the body, frame, the internal components, passengers, and cargo, but does not include the mass of the components at the other end of the suspension components (including the wheels, wheel bearings, brake rotors, calipers, and/or continuous tracks (also called caterpillar tracks), if any), which are part of the vehicle's unsprung mass. The larger the ratio of sprung mass to unsprung mass, the less the body and vehicle occupants are affected by bumps, dips, and other surface imperfections such as small bridges. However, a large sprung mass to unsprung mass ratio can also be deleterious to vehicle control.
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Renault Sport Mégane 265 Cup Red Bull RB7 Edition The Red Bull RB7 and RB8 Editions were based on the Mégane R.S. 265 Cup trim and was unveiled in 2012 and 2013 respectively to celebrate the wins of the Renault Red Bull F1 team. The models featured various optional equipment as standard along with unique Etoilé Black body colour (for the RB7) with yellow trim pieces and Twilight Blue exterior colour with silver trim pieces (for the RB8). Other features include Red Bull decals (with additional chequiered flag decal for the RB7 Edition), 19-inch Steeve wheels, red Brembo brake calipers, limited slip differential, Bridgestone Potenza tyres, leather Recaro bucket seats and a Renault Sport monitor which displays vital track day information G-Force and laptime data. Production of the RB7 was limited to 522 units of which 51 were destined for the Australian market while production of the RB8 was limited to 120 units of which 30 were destined for the UK market.
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The RM500 is a Genesis Coupe with 5.0-liter Tau V8 engine rated 450 hp, built by Rhys Millen Racing. It included: custom RMR custom stainless exhaust with Greddy rear section muffler and titanium tips, oil cooler, rear differential cooler, RMR Custom Adapter Plate, RMR Custom Light Weight Clutch & Flywheel, K&N; Panel Filter, AEM Engine Management System, Brembo Carbon Ceramic Rotors (Front – 15.5-inch, Rear – 15-inch), Brembo Six Piston Front Calipers Four Piston Rear, HRE 793-RS II-Spoke Rims (Front – 19x8.5, Rear – 19x9.5), Hankook Ventus V12 Tires (Front – 245/40ZR19, Rear – 275/35ZR19), RMR Interior Suede Trip Package, Sparco Chrono Sport Seats with RMR Accents, Sparco Track Sliders, RMR Seat Brackets, Sparco Tecno Leather Shift Knob, RMR 1-inch Steering Column Extension, RMR Carbon Front Lip, RMR Carbon Side Skirts, RMR Carbon Rear Diffuser, RMR Carbon Three Piece Spoiler, RMR Carbon Grill, RMR Carbon Overlay Roof, RMR Carbon Fog Light Vents with Brake Ducts, RMR Yellow Fog Light Covers. The vehicle was unveiled in 2011 SEMA Show.
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R8 Exclusive Selection Editions are limited production variants of the 2012 R8 Coupé 4.2 FSI quattro (20 units) and 2012 R8 Coupé 5.2 FSI quattro (30 units) developed for the US market. Notable changes for the V8 model include Daytona Gray matte body colour, carbon fibre exterior splitter and diffuser, 19-inch titanium five-arm double spoke wheels, black grille surrounds, black exhaust finishers, R8 GT tail lamps, red brake calipers, exclusive leather package with Crimson Red elements and contrast stitching, exclusive leather Navigation surround, a thicker contoured leather multifunctional steering wheel, carbon fibre elements, Bang & Olufsen Sound System and Navigation with the Audi Music Interface. Notable changes for the V10 model include Ibis white exterior and Brilliant Black features (sideblade, exterior mirrors, rear license plate surround), R8 GT tail lamps, 19-inch bi- color e-tron wheels, Ibis interior upholstery with Alabaster White contrast stitching, carbon fiber monoposto driver's cockpit, exclusive leather Navigation surround and contoured steering wheel. Transmission choices for both models included a six-speed manual or the R-tronic automated manual transmission.
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Audi S4 Sedan quattro (8EC, North America) Audi S4 Cabriolet with optional 7-spoke alloy wheels (8HE, U.S.) Audi S4 Avant quattro (8ED, Europe) The Audi B7 platform Audi S4 quattro, based on the Audi B7 A4, debuted in late 2004. Although Audi classifies it as a new car, the differences between it and the outgoing B6 S4 casually appear to be primarily cosmetic, and is still classified by the internal designation: Typ 8E (although with revised sub-designations - saloon: 8EC, Avant: 8ED, and Cabriolet: 8HE). It has the same 4.2-litre V8 engine (identification code: BBK) as the B6 S4, producing a power output of at 7,000 rpm, and torque at 3,500 rpm. There are a few mechanical changes, such as revised springs and dampers and, from model year 2007, an updated Torsen T-3 automatically biasing centre differential, featuring a 'default' asymmetric 40:60 front-rear torque split on manual transmission models, along with the later Bosch ESP 8.0 Electronic Stability Programme and gloss black painted brake calipers.
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2017 Bentley Continental GT Speed Black Edition (Sequin Blue paint and St. James Red bodykit) Changes to the Continental GT Speed include an increased top speed to , increased engine power to and of torque at 2,000–5,000 rpm as well as carbon fibre on the fascia, centre and roof consoles. The GT Speed Black Edition also includes a high gloss black finish to the exterior brightware (including window openings and lamp bezels), all-black 21-inch five-spoke directional wheels, brake calipers in red or black, contrast colours to the front splitter, side skirts and rear diffuser in four different shades (Hallmark, Beluga, St James' Red, Cyber Yellow), optional door mirrors colour-matching, seats and centre console bordered by contrasting leather in Porpoise, Beluga, Pillar Box Red or Cyber Yellow; contrast stitching at seats and centre console matching diamond quilting of the doors and Mulliner GT Design seats. The vehicles were unveiled in New York City, followed by the 2016 Goodwood Festival of Speed (GT Speed) and the 2016 Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance (GT Speed Black Edition). Delivery began in summer 2016.
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An aerodynamic front splitter, discrete side sills and rear diffuser in Beluga gloss were also fitted as well as a front radiator matrix also finished in Beluga gloss, new exclusive 20-inch wheels with open- spoke design, red-painted brake calipers, optional sports exhaust, optional duo-tone interiors, choice of interior trim in seventeen hide colours, unique contrast centre stripe for the hide-trimmed roof lining matching the colour of the main hide, knurled chrome detailing to the gearshift lever, Piano Black veneers and 'V8 S' on each sill tread plate as well as on both front fenders. For the first time on a factory GT, dark tint front and rear lights were also made available as an option and proved very popular, so much so that they were standardised on the GT Speed model from the following model year. The vehicle was unveiled at the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show, followed by the 2014 North American International Auto Show, 2014 Beijing International Automotive Show and the 2014 Goodwood Festival of Speed. The vehicles were set to arrive in Bentley dealerships from early 2014.
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The redesigned mesh pattern on the front fascia allows for maximum airflow to the supercharger's intercooler heat exchanger, while dedicated brake-cooling intakes and wider grille outlets on the bottom serves as air diffusers. It rides on 19×10-inch front and 20×12-inch rear spin-cast aluminium wheels on Michelin Pilot Sport P285/30ZR19 front and 335/25ZR20 rear tires. Inside the Z06, there are a choice of two magnesium frame seats (GT seat or a Competition Sport seat with more aggressive side bolstering), a steel-reinforced grab bar on the center console for the passenger, soft-touch materials on the edge of the console, and a fully wrapped interior with Nappa leather, aluminum, carbon fiber, and microsuede, depending on the trim level. Mechanical features of the Z06 include Brembo brakes (371×33-mm front and 365×25-mm rear two-piece steel disc brakes, aluminum six-piston front and four-piston rear fixed calipers), uniquely calibrated SLA-type front and rear suspension design, Magnetic Ride Control dampers, electronic limited-slip differential (eLSD) integrated with electronic stability control, and Performance Traction Management.
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The Fiat 500 debuted at the 2010 North American International Auto Show with production beginning in December 2010 -- effectively reintroducing the Fiat brand in the United States and Canada after 26 years. The North American 500 is marketed in Pop, Lounge, Sport and Turbo trim levels with market-specific modifications including increased body strength; revised suspension; changes for reduced noise, vibration, and harshness; BiHalogen projector headlamps and amber front and red rear sidemarker lights and reflectors on each wheel arch edge to comply with FMVSS 108; new four-wheel anti-lock disc brake system with new front calipers; larger fuel tank; upgraded heating and cooling system; revised front seats with an armrest and seat cushion; easy entry system designed into the driver's seats; revised steering wheel controls and revised steering; a Bose branded audio system as well as a more rounded center grille and a plastic lip that wraps onto the bottom of the spoiler. FCA offers the North American 500 with either an AISIN 6-speed automatic transmission with a driver-selectable mode as well as a 5-speed manual. 2013 Fiat 500 Abarth North American Fiat began marketing the 500C in Spring 2011.
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2012 Supersports ISR 2012 Supersports ISR The Bentley Continental Supersports Convertible ISR (Ice Speed Record) is a limited (100 units) version of the Bentley Continental Supersports convertible, commemorating Bentley's world ice speed record set by Finland's four-time world rally champion Juha Kankkunen. It includes a W12 engine rated at , Quickshift six-speed automatic transmission, 420 mm front and 356 mm rear diameter carbon ceramic brake discs with eight-piston front calipers, three body colours (Beluga, Quartzite, Arctica White) with Dark Grey Metallic soft top in three-ply composite construction, 20-inch 10-spoke Supersports wheels in dark tint. The interior has leather upholstery, diamond-quilted Alcantara to doors and quarter panels and seat facings, 'soft-grip' leather on the steering wheel and gear lever, high-gloss carbon fibre on the dashboard and console and roof panel with unique red weave, Pillar Box red piping to seats and doors, Pillar Box Red contrast stitching to seats, door casings, steering wheel and gearshift paddles; front seats and floor mats with embroidered 'Supersports' legends, and a Breitling dashboard clock with red accent. The vehicle was unveiled at the 2011 Geneva Motor Show.
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The side and rear styling cues are reminiscent of the 1968-1970 models. Base performance was increased, with the 3.5L 250 bhp V6 engine being replaced with a Pentastar 3.6L producing 292 bhp (218 kW; 296 PS) at 6350 rpm and 260 lb·ft (353 N·m) at 4800 rpm. The 4-speed automatic transmission was replaced with the 5-speed A580 auto. The SRT-8 was not produced for the 2011 model year. The 2012 year brought a new 8-speed automatic transmission to the V-6 model. This year also saw the return of the SRT-8 to the model lineup. AWD was also added to the V6, making AWD available on all but the SRT-8 model. 2015 facelift, front 1/4 For the 2012 – 2018 years, the Super Bee platform (Later called Scat Pack 15+) was available, making use of features seen in regular SRT-8 models with accessories and badges reminiscent of the 60s and 70s muscle car. These included a 6.4L engine with 470 HP, four piston Brembo calipers, slotted rotors, paddle shifters, SRT launch features (such as 0-60 timing, Live G-Force readings, and ¼ and ⅛ mile drag timers), custom seat embroidery, and more.
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More telling is the torque curve, which was vastly improved over the base GT models, 90% of its available from 2000 rpm. This broader torque curve makes itself known at the drag strip, as these special edition Mustangs could cover the 1/4 mile in 2-3 tenths of a second quicker and about faster than regular GT. 17-inch American Racing Torq- Thrust style rims, wrapped in 245/45ZR performance rubber by Goodyear, were reminiscent of those on the car driven by McQueen in the movie. The Bullitt featured a large hood scoop reminiscent of the earlier Boss 429 scoop, as well as new side scoops, lower body moldings and C-pillars with unique rear side window shape. Other special features on the Bullitt included aluminum pedals and shifter, gauge facings and seat upholstery patterned after the 1968 model, red brake calipers with the Mustang logo on them, and the removal of the spoiler and fog lamps regularly found on Mustang GTs, all for a cleaner look. Braking was also improved with the addition of dual-piston PBR brakes with rotors, the same brakes utilized by the 94-04 Mustang Cobra.
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The Nismo edition of the Nissan 350Z Coupé debuted at the New York International Auto Show on April 4, 2007. This version had the same engine as the regular 350Z (VQ35HR), but was only available with a 6-speed manual transmission and a Viscous Limited-Slip Differential (VLSD), Traction Control System (TCS) and a NISMO aerodynamics package based on the Super GT championship car, which included an aggressive front fascia with chin spoiler, side skirts, an extended rear fascia with an underbody diffuser and a rear wing. The vehicle also featured NISMO-tuned independent multi-link suspension developed by Yamaha, Brembo brakes with four-piston front and two-piston rear calipers (with front and rear rotors) and NISMO-branded gunmetal grey RAYS forged alloy wheels (18x9-inch front and 19x10-inch rear with 245/40WR18 front, 265/35WR19 rear Bridgestone Potenza RE050A tires) and a NISMO-branded tuned exhaust. Yamaha also included front and rear dampeners to help with stability of the chassis. The conversion process for the Nismo 350Z began with a limited number of chassis being pulled from the assembly line to be sent to Nissan-tuner Autech to have structural seams hand-welded for greater body rigidity.
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Bentley Continental GT3 Bentley Continental GT3 The Continental GT3 is a rear-wheel-drive race car version of Continental GT V8 coupe, based on the Continental GT3 Concept Racer. It was unveiled at the 2013 Goodwood Festival of Speed, followed by the 2013 Rolex Monterey Motorsports Reunion and the 2014 Goodwood Festival of Speed. It includes a 4.0-litre twin-turbo V8 engine rated at , as well as a Xtrac six- speed sequential gearbox with a limited-slip differential in transaxle, racing clutch, steering wheel mounted paddle operated pneumatic gear shift, Drivetrain Carbon fibre propshaft, double wishbone suspension front and rear, four-way adjustable racing dampers; hydraulic power-assisted steering, ventilated iron disc brakes front and rear, Brembo 6/4-piston front/rear calipers, driver-adjustable brake bias, FIA-specification steel roll cage, Sparco six-point FIA safety harness, onboard fire extinguisher, onboard pneumatic jack system, FIA-specification racing fuel cell, race-specification ABS and traction control, lightweight race battery, OZ Racing 18x13-inch rims with 310/710R18 tyres and the removal of the leather and wood interior trim. The design was completed by a specialist team of engineers from Bentley Motors supported by the Continental GT3 Technical Partner, M-Sport Ltd.
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This live axle rear suspension, while sacrificing handling, provides the benefits of reduced cost and weight over heavier, more expensive independent rear suspensions. In spite of this, Ford has drawn heavy criticism from the automotive journalism community for the decision to equip the 5th generation Mustang with the live axle system. At a press conference, Ford stated that to include an independent rear suspension would have added $5,000 to the showroom price of the car. Standard equipment on the 2005 Mustang includes power windows, dual power mirrors, power door locks with remote keyless entry, front air bags, AM/FM stereo with CD player, 16-inch painted aluminum wheels, and larger brake discs than the previous generation Mustang with twin-piston calipers in the front. Some of the options available included Ford's MyColor (a color-configurable instrument cluster available as part of the Interior Upgrade Package), brushed aluminum panels (also part of the Interior Upgrade Package), Ford's Shaker 500 (500 watt peak output) or Shaker 1000 (1000 watt peak output) premium audio system with a 6-disc MP3-compatible CD changer, leather seating surfaces, a six-way power adjustable driver seat, and a four-channel anti-lock brake system with traction control (standard on GT models).
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The wheel bearings were also strengthened and the brake servo action was made more powerful. Floating 944 calipers were standard, but the rear wheel brake circuit pressure regulator from the 944 turbo was used. Small '16 Ventiler' script badges were added on the sides in front of the body protection mouldings. Performance figures included 0- being achieved in 6.5 seconds (Best) and a top speed due to a curb weight. It also featured an improved programmed Bosch Digital Motronic 2 Computer/DME with dual knock sensors for improved fuel performance for the higher 10.9:1 compression ratio cylinder head. Like the 944 Turbo, the 944 S received progressive springs for improved handling, larger front and rear anti-roll bars, revised transmission and gearing to better suit the 2.5 L DOHC engine's higher 6,800 rpm rev limit. Dual safety air bags, limited-slip differential, and ABS braking system were optional on the 944 S. A Club Sport touring package (M637) was available as was the lightweight 16-inch CS/Sport Fuchs 16x7 and 16x9 forged alloy wheels. This version was raced in Canada, Europe and in the IMSA Firehawk Cup Series held in the U.S. Production was only during 1987 and 1988.
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