1000 Sentences With "by election" | Random Sentence Generator

The by-election for Mr. Hunt's seat is likely to be held shortly after the tough by-election to replace Mr. Reed in Copeland, in northwestern England.

Adding to the complexity, in Colorado and Oregon mailed-in ballots must be received by election day to count, but in Washington it just needs to be postmarked by election day.

Cubitt resigned to contest the 1861 by- election at City of London, causing a by-election. Coles' death caused a by- election. Cubitt's death caused a by-election. Humphery resigned, causing a by-election.

O'Donoghue resigned, causing a by- election. Dillon's death caused a by-election. Moore's death caused a by- election.

Kelly resigned to contest a by- election in East Suffolk, causing a by-election. Peacocke's election was declared void on petition, due to corrupt practices, causing a by-election. Warburton's death caused a by-election. Bagshaw's resignation caused a by- election.

Scarlett resigned, causing a by-election. Jeffrey was also elected for and opted to sit there, causing a by-election. Cavendish resigned, causing a by-election. Wentworth-FitzWilliam resigned in order to contest a by-election at , causing a by-election.

During the war, this trend continued with Prof. John Alfred Ryle, who fought the 1940 Cambridge University by-election. Reg Hipwell fought a number of by- elections: the 1941 Hampstead by-election, Scarborough & Whitby by-election, 1941, 1942 Salisbury by-election and 1943 The Hartlepools by-election. Gerald Kidd fought the 1942 Chichester by-election.

Ellice's death caused a by-election. Paxton's death caused a by-election. Treherne's death caused a by-election. The by-election was declared void on petition due to bribery by Jackson's agent.

Redmond's death caused a by-election. Healy resigned to stand at the 1883 by-election in Monaghan, causing a by- election.

Smyth's resignation caused a by-election. Manners was appointed First Commissioner of Works and Public Buildings, requiring a by-election. Manners resigned to contest the 1852 by-election in North Leicestershire, causing a by-election.

Ricardo's death caused a by-election. Beresford Hope resigned in order to contest a by-election at Cambridge University, causing a by-election.

Dickson's death caused a by-election. Monsell was appointed a clerk of ordnance, requiring a by-election. Goold's death caused a by-election. Monsell was appointed President of the Board of Health, requiring a by-election.

Maxwell resigned, causing a by-election. Young was appointed a Commissioner of the Treasury, requiring a by-election. Clements' death caused a by-election.

William Douglas-Home fought the 1942 Windsor by-election and the 1942 Glasgow Cathcart by-election. Alan Dawrant fought the 1943 Newark by-election.

The Conservative Party did not run a candidate in the 1963 Bristol South East by-election, the 1957 Carmarthen by-election, the 1948 Paisley by-election or the 1946 Ogmore by- election. The Labour Party did not run in the 1945 City of London by-election, the 1945 Kensington South by-election or the 1946 Combined English Universities by-election. Prior to 2008, the last by-election without an official Liberal Democrat, Liberal or SDP candidate had been the 1994 Newham North East by-election; the Lib Dems nominated a candidate, but he joined the Labour Party before the election. No official Liberal candidate was nominated for the 1980 Glasgow Central by-election, whilst no Liberal stood in either the 1973 Westhoughton by-election or the 1973 West Bromwich by-election, both held on 24 May 1973.

Bridgeman was appointed Vice-Chamberlain of the Household, requiring a by-election. Clive's death caused a by-election. Bridgeman was appointed Vice-Chamberlain of the Household, requiring a by- election. Windsor-Clive's death caused a by-election.

Corbally's death caused a by-election. Martin's death caused a by-election.

Vigors' death caused a by-election. Bunbury's death caused a by-election.

Dawson's death caused a by- election. FitzGerald's death caused a by-election.

Russell's death caused a by-election. Butt's death caused a by-election.

Knox resigned, causing a by-election. Knox resigned, causing a by- election.

O'Connor dies, causing a by-election. O'Kelly's death causes a by-election.

Mayne resigns, prompting a by-election. McCarthy dies, causing a by-election.

Pyne's death causes a by-election. Webb's resignation causes a by-election.

MacAleese dies, causing a by-election. O'Hare resigns, causing a by-election.

Legh resigned, causing a by-election. Leigh's death caused a by- election.

Duncuft's death caused a by-election. Platt's death caused a by-election.

Platt's death caused a by-election. Cobbett's death caused a by- election.

Oswald's resignation caused a by-election. Dunlop's death caused a by-election.

Noble's death caused a by-election. Biggs resigned, causing a by-election.

Kinglake's death caused a by-election. Martin's death caused a by-election.

Howard's death caused a by-election. Howard resigned, causing a by-election.

Hervey's death caused a by-election. Wilson's death caused a by-election.

Baring's death caused a by-election. Fowler's death caused a by-election.

Clive resigned, causing a by-election. Pateshall resigned, causing a by-election.

Roupell resigned, causing a by- election. Williams' death caused a by-election.

Herbert's death caused a by-election. Corbett resigned, causing a by-election.

Seale's death caused a by-election. Somes' death caused a by-election.

Bagge's death caused a by-election. Bentinck's resignation caused a by-election.

Lee resigned, causing a by-election. Bisset resigned, causing a by-election.

Bright's death caused a by-election. Allen resigned, causing a by-election.

Rich's resignation caused a by-election. Palmer was appointed Attorney General for England and Wales, causing a by- election. Dundas' death caused a by-election.

Thellusson's death caused a by-election. Gooch's death caused a by-election. Kelly was appointed Attorney-General for England and Wales, causing a by-election.

Lewis' death caused a by-election. Lewis was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer, requiring a by-election. Lewis was appointed Home Secretary, requiring a by-election.

Bryan's death caused a by-election. Pierce Butler's death caused a by-election.

Villiers Stuart resigned, causing a by-election. Power's death caused a by-election.

Maher's death caused a by-election. Otway-Cave's death caused a by-election.

Verner's resignation to contest a by-election in Armagh caused a by- election.

Chetwynd-Talbot resigned to contest a by-election at , causing a by-election.

Collery resigns, causing a by-election. McHugh McHugh dies, causing a by-election.

Lewis' death caused a by-election. Green-Price's resignation caused a by-election.

Blair's death caused a by-election. Crichton-Stuart's death caused a by-election.

Nevill resigned, causing a by-election. Cowell-Stepney resigned, causing a by-election.

Butler-Johnstone resigned, causing a by-election. Majendie resigned, causing a by-election.

Lacita's resignation caused a by- election. 120px Firth's death caused a by-election.

Bailey's death caused a by-election. Booker-Blakemore's death caused a by-election.

Pugh's death caused a by-election. Willes-Johnson's death caused a by-election.

Parnell was also elected MP for Cork City and opted to sit there, causing a by-election. Sullivan resigned, causing a by- election. Davitt was disqualified because he was in prison, causing a by- election. Metge resigned, causing a by-election.

Lamb's death caused a by-election. Jacob was unseated on petition, causing a further by-election. O'Loghlen was appointed as Solicitor-General for Ireland, causing a by-election. O'Loghlen was appointed as Attorney-General for Ireland, causing a by-election.

This was the last Conservative loss to Labour in a by-election until the 2012 Corby by-election. Labour has held this seat since the by-election.

Berkeley resigned to contest the 1855 by-election in Cheltenham, causing a by-election.

587 The previous by-election was declared void on petition, causing a by-election.

Hodgson's death caused a by-election. Charles Howard's death led to a by-election.

Walpole was appointed Home Secretary, requiring a by-election. Walpole resigned, causing a by-election. Warren resigned after being appointed a Master in Lunacy, requiring a by-election.

The 1871 Roslyn by-election was a by-election for the electorate of Roslyn in Dunedin on 12 September 1871 during the 5th New Zealand Parliament. The by- election resulted from the resignation of the previous member Henry Driver on 15 August 1871. The by-election was won by Edward McGlashan. Five candidates contested the by-election.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Mike Lee. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Elizabeth Denton. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Sonya J. H. Murison. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Svetlana Kirov. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Robert A. Bayne. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Paul Cheesman. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Eyscene Sheilds.

On petition, White was unseated, causing a by-election. Calcutt died, causing a by-election. O'Loghlen was appointed Judge Advocate General of the Armed Forces, requiring a by-election.

White's resignation caused a by-election. White was appointed a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury, requiring a by-election. Greville-Nugent was created Lord Greville, causing a by-election.

Seymour's death caused a by-election. Tennent resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Manor of Northstead, causing a by-election. Smyth's death caused a by-election.

Grenfell resigned in order to contest a by-election at Windsor, causing a by-election. Knatchbull- Hugessen was appointed a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury, requiring a by- election.

Browne's death caused a by-election. On petition, Moore was unseated, causing a by-election.

Clive resigned to contest the 1854 by-election in South Shropshire, causing a by-election.

Pennefather resigned, causing a by-election. Perrin was appointed as Attorney-General for Ireland, causing a by-election. Perrin was appointed as a Puisne justice of the King's Bench, causing a by-election. Woulfe was appointed as Solicitor-General for Ireland, requiring a by-election.

Cardwell was appointed Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, requiring a by-election. Langston's death caused a by-election. Cardwell was appointed Secretary of State for the Colonies, requiring a by- election. Cardwell was appointed Secretary of State for War, requiring a by- election.

Overend resigned, causing a by-election. Milnes was elevated to the peerage, becoming Lord Houghton and causing a by-election. Childers was appointed a Civil Lord of the Admiralty, causing a by-election. Childers was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty, causing a by-election.

Romilly was appointed Attorney General for England and Wales, requiring a by-election. Romilly was appointed Master of the Rolls, requiring a by-election. Tufnell resigned, causing a by-election. Wilson was appointed Vice-President of the Board of Trade, requiring a by-election.

Morris is elevated to the peerage as Lord Killanin, prompting a by-election. Lynch is adjudged guilty of high treason, prompting a by-election. Devlin resigns, causing a by-election.

However, a by-election was triggered by a decision of the Court of Disputed Returns. The by-election saw Labor increase their margin. Notably, turnout increased at the by-election.

Rae was appointed Lord Advocate, requiring a by-election. Rae's death caused a by-election. Stuart-Wortley was appointed Judge Advocate General of the Armed Forces, requiring a by-election.

Napier's death caused a by-election. Locke was appointed Recorder of Brighton, requiring a by-election. Layard was appointed First Commissioner of Works and Public Buildings, requiring a by-election.

A by-election (1876 Auckland West by-election) was held to replace Grey in Auckland West.

Sturt resigned in order to contest the 1856 by-election in Dorset, causing a by-election.

Stephenson was declared bankrupt and unseated, causing a by-election. Brayen resigned, causing a by-election.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Andrew Elder. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. J. D. Roberts. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. John A. Lettice. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. James Holland. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Philip Stott.

The by-election was called following the disqualification of Cllr. Simon B. Parkes. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Neil Hughes. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Zev Lieberman. The by-election was called following the disqualification of Cllr. Vernon E. Williams. The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Isaac Leibowitz.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Paul J. Fallon. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Parmavir Singha. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. John P. Houghton. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Alicia Chater. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Rachael J. Collins.

The 1873 Collingwood by-election was a by-election held on 9 December 1873 in the electorate during the 5th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Arthur Collins on 8 October 1873. The by-election was won by William Gibbs, who had narrowly lost the previous by-election to Collins. Gibbs was elected unopposed.

Deasy was appointed Attorney-General for Ireland, requiring a by- election. Deasy resigned after being appointed a Baron of the Exchequer, causing a by-election. Barry's death caused a by-election.

Watkins' death caused a by-election. Pratt succeeded to the peerage, becoming 3rd Marquess of Camden, causing a by-election. The election was declared void on petition, causing a by-election.

Pelham's death caused a by- election. Wire retired from the contest. Heathcote resigned to contest the 1856 by-election at Rutland. Herbert's appointment as Recorder of Derby required a by-election.

Joseph Sydney Yorke's death caused a by-election. Charles Yorke resigned in order to contest a by-election at , causing a by-election. He was unsuccessful and stood again for Reigate.

O'Connell resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, causing a by-election. Potter's death caused a by-election. O'Brien resigned after being appointed a judge of the Queen's Bench, causing a by-election. On petition, Gavin was unseated, causing a by- election.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Siah Cox The by- election was called following the death of Cllr. Peter Flower The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Enid Boxall The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. James Patrick The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Robert Smyth The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Ronald Slater The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr.

The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. George Walker The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Ali Balli The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Elsie Headley The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. James Patrick The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Robert Smyth The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Ronald Slater The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Siah Cox The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Peter Flower The by- election was called following the death of Cllr. Enid Boxall The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. George Walker The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Ali Balli The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Elsie Headley The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr.

Seat increased to three members Graves' death caused a by-election. Ryder was appointed Vice-President of the Committee of the Council on Education, requiring a by-election. Torr's death caused a by-election. Ramsay succeeded to the peerage, becoming Earl of Dalhousie, causing a by-election.

The 1868 City of Nelson by-election was a by-election held on 24 December 1868 in the electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Edward Stafford. The by-election was won by Nathaniel Edwards.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Edward C. Barns. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Peter D. J. Chowney. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Brynley Heaven. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. John F. J. Bloom. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. William J. Upex. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Lloyd King.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Alison J. Rothwell. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Madeleine M. Spanswick. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Peter D. Hoye. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Helen A. Cooper. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Iain D. F. Pigg. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Anne StClair Miller.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Brian G. T. Williams. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Norah B. Murphy. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Gareth R. Thomas. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Andrew D. Wiseman. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Alan W. Hamlin. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Tony J. McNulty.

Maule was appointed Surveyor-General of the Ordnance, requiring a by-election. Maule's death caused a by-election. Haldane-Duncan was appointed a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury, requiring a by-election.

Baines was appointed president of the Poor Law Board, requiring a by- election. Baines was appointed Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, requiring a by-election. Hall's death caused a by-election.

The by-election took place shortly before the start of the Second World War. It was the last peacetime by-election won by the Liberal Party until the 1958 Torrington by-election.

Southwark North in 1939 The Southwark North by-election by-election, 1939 was a parliamentary by-election held on 19 May 1939 for the British House of Commons constituency of Southwark North.

Follett was appointed Solicitor General of England and Wales, requiring a by-election. Follett was appointed Attorney General of England and Wales, requiring a by-election. Follett's death caused a by-election.

Howard resigned, causing a by-election. Grey was appointed Secretary of State for the Colonies, requiring a by-election. Grey was appointed Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, requiring a by-election.

James was appointed Attorney General for England and Wales, requiring a by-election. Palliser's death caused a by- election. Jessel Allsopp succeeded to the peerage, becoming Lord Hindlip, causing a by-election.

Duncombe resigned to contest the 1852 by-election in East Riding of Yorkshire, causing a by-election. Monckton-Arundell was appointed a Lord in Waiting to Queen Victoria, requiring a by-election.

Somerset resigned, causing a by-election. Somerset was appointed Comptroller of the Household, requiring a by-election.

Blackall was appointed Lieutenant- Governor of Dominica, causing a by-election. Fox's death caused a by-election.

The Grey by-election of 1917 was a by-election held during the 18th New Zealand Parliament.

Welby resigned in order to contest the 1868 by-election in South Lincolnshire, causing a by- election.

This was the last by-election gain for the Liberal Party until the 1958 Torrington by- election.

The election was declared void on petition, causing a by-election. Collins' death caused a by-election.

Murray's death caused a by-election. Maitland was appointed Solicitor General for Scotland, requiring a by-election.

The Thames by-election of 1909 was a by-election held during the 17th New Zealand Parliament.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Louise McQuoid. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Schneur Odze. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Nihal Fernando. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. David Manion.

John Meakin The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Paula Moore The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Harold Young The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Barbara Burgess The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr.

Linda Oram The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Joan Price The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Kenneth Carlisle The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Alan Crane The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr.

The 1888 Ashley by-election was a by-election held on 25 September 1888 in the electorate during the 10th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the death on 3 July of the incumbent MP William Fisher Pearson. The by- election was won by John Verrall.

Cockburn was appointed Solicitor General for England and Wales, requiring a by-election. Cockburn was appointed Attorney General for England and Wales, requiring a by-election. Cockburn was appointed Attorney General for England and Wales, requiring a by-election. Cockburn was appointed Recorder of Bristol, requiring a by-election.

John Meakin The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Paula Moore The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Harold Young The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Barbara Burgess The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Richard Arthur. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Brian Loughran. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Archie MacDonald. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Frank Dobson.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr Donald Degerdon. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Brian Stoner. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Anthony Beaton. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Richard Almond.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Michael Morrissey. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Christopher Gardiner. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Jonathan Sofer. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Roderick Cordara.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr Thomas Devine. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Stephen Moon. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Stephen Bevington. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Selina Gee.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Mary Ryan. The by- election was called following the death of Cllr Julian J. Tobin. The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr Jake Turnbull. The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr Pamela Chesters.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr Martin J. Davies. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr Dave Horan. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Michael Nicolaides. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Thomas Neumark.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Alexander Sullivan. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Richard Lowe. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr Sidney Munn. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Hilda Chandler.

Linda Oram The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Joan Price The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Kenneth Carlisle The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Alan Crane The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr.

The 1885 Wakanui by-election was a by-election held on 11 December 1885 in the electorate during the 9th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP John Grigg on 4 June 1885. The by- election was won by Joseph Ivess.

The 1867 Raglan by-election was a by-election held on 4 June 1887 in the electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Joseph Newman on 9 April 1867. The by- election was won by James Farmer.

The 1870 Mongonui by-election was a by-election held on 30 March 1870 in the electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Thomas Ball on 1 March 1870. The by- election was won by Thomas Gillies.

Browne was appointed Comptroller of the Household, requiring a by-election. Herbert was appointed Chief Secretary for Ireland, requiring a by-election. Browne was appointed Treasurer of the Household, requiring a by-election.

FitzGerald was appointed Solicitor-General for Ireland, requiring a by-election. FitzGerald was appointed Attorney-General for Ireland, requiring a by-election. FitzGerald was appointed Attorney- General for Ireland, requiring a by-election.

Molesworth was appointed First Commissioner of Works and Public Buildings, requiring a by-election. Molesworth was appointed Secretary of State for the Colonies, requiring a by-election. Molesworth's death caused a by-election.

Jonhstone's resignation caused a by-election. Dodson Dodson was elevated to the peerage, becoming Lord Monk Bretton, causing a by-election. Caine was appointed Civil Lord of the Admiralty, requiring a by-election.

Cole resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, causing a by-election. Whiteside was appointed Solicitor-General for Ireland, requiring a by-election. Whiteside was appointed Attorney-General for Ireland, requiring a by-election. In order to contest the 1859 by-election at Dublin University, Whiteside resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Manor of Hempholme, causing a by- election.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Roy T. Stevens. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Alan D. Hall. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Kelly A. M. Conway. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Sandra Margaret. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Annette L. Gordon.

The 2000 Pukapuka-Nassau by-election was a by-election in the Cook Islands electorate of Pukapuka-Nassau. It took place on 28 September 2000. The by- election was caused by the invalidation of the 1999 Pukapuka-Nassau by- election. The Cook Islands Parliament subsequently passed an Electoral Amendment Act providing for a second by-election and the re-registration of voters in the electorate.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Susan T. B. Smith. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Colin Mason. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Ian R. Mallett. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Kenneth J. Sharvill. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. John Tuite.

Herbert's death caused a by-election. Browne was appointed Vice-Chamberlain of the Household, requiring a by-election.

Chesney's death caused a by-election. right Annesley's appointment as Comptroller of the Household, requiring a by- election.

Hunt was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty, causing a by-election. Hunt's death caused a by-election.

Fergusson was appointed Judge-Advocate General of the Armed Forces, requiring a by-election. Fergusson was appointed Judge- Advocate General of the Armed Forces, requiring a by-election. Fergusson's death caused a by-election.

Thesiger was appointed Attorney General for England and Wales, requiring a by-election. Caulfeild's death caused a by- election. Bertie succeeded to the peerage, becoming 6th Earl of Abingdon and causing a by-election.

The Grey and Bell by-election 1858 was a by-election held in the electorate during the 2nd New Zealand Parliament, on 17 May 1858, and was, the second by- election in the electorate.

The 1862 Ellesmere by-election was a by-election held on 9 June 1862 during the 3rd New Zealand Parliament in the Canterbury electorate of . The by- election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Thomas Rowley. The by-election was won by James FitzGerald. He was unopposed.

The 1867 Ashley by-election was a by-election held on 7 August 1867 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the Canterbury electorate of . The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Lancelot Walker. The by- election was won by Henry Tancred. Tancred was unopposed.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Bridget Prentice. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Vivienne J. Lukey. The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Terence T. McGrath. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Hilda M. McCafferty.

The 1862 Avon by-election was a by-election held on 11 June 1862 during the 3rd New Zealand Parliament in the Christchurch electorate of . The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Alfred Richard Creyke. The by-election was won by William Thomson. He was unopposed.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Simon Green. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Charles Elliman. The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Nadia J. Sharif. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Allan C. Burgess.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Martin J. O'Connor. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. David Divine. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Mohammed M. Nasim. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Ian Leslie.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr Alfred Saunders. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Vaughan A. Emsley. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr John M. Wakeham. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Julia O. Devote.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Lucy N. Anderson. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Roy E. Shaw. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr Jane Schopflin. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Paul J. Barton.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Matthew W. Huggins. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Darrin F. Best. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. John Wainwright. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Daniel G. Kelley.

The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Candy Atherton. The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Jane Mackay. The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Christopher M. B. King. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Chris Adamson.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Ian G. Powney. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Paul Fox. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Sarah Teather. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Mary H. Creagh.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Patrick A. Desmond. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Dennis Hallam. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Annie Elboz. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. John J. Boles.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Eric A. Commons. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Vanessa L. Peters. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. John P. Ryan. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Amanda Linton.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Roger J. Liddle. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Peter J. Evans. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Joseph Callinan. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Margaret E. Jones.

The 1867 Port Chalmers by-election was a by-election held on 15 June 1867 in the electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the death on 11 February of the incumbent MP Thomas Dick. The by- election was won by David Forsyth Main.

The 1875 Kaiapoi by-election was a by-election held on 30 October 1875 during the 5th New Zealand Parliament in the Canterbury electorate of . The by- election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP John Studholme on 8 December 1874. The by-election was won by Charles Bowen.

The 1864 Waimea by-election was a by-election held on 29 November 1864 in the electorate during the 3rd New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Alfred Saunders on 31 October 1864. The by-election was won by John George Miles.

The 1867 Waimea by-election was a by-election held on 28 June 1867 in the electorate during the 3rd New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Arthur Robert Oliver on 9 January 1867. The by-election was won by Edward Baigent.

The 1868 Franklin by-election was a by-election held on 2 July 1868 in the electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Robert Graham on 25 May 1868. The by- election was won by William Turnbull Swan.

Sir Peter Chalmers Mitchell fought the 1938 Combined Scottish Universities by-election. Sandy Lindsay fought the 1938 Oxford by-election. Vernon Bartlett won the 1938 Bridgwater by-election, gaining the seat from the Conservatives. Dr Billy Carritt, a member of the Communist party, fought the 1939 Westminster Abbey by-election.

Williams resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, causing a by-election. Somerset was appointed Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, requiring a by- election. Somerset's death caused a by-election.

Ronayne's death caused a by-election. Ball was appointed as Attorney General for Ireland, requiring a by-election. Ball was appointed a judge of the Court of Common Pleas in Ireland, causing a by- election.

Herbert was appointed Secretary at War, requiring a by-election. Herbert was appointed Secretary of State for the Colonies, requiring a by- election. Herbert was appointed Secretary of State for War, requiring a by- election.

Speirs resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, causing a by-election. Colborne's death caused a by-election. Rich was appointed a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury, causing a by-election.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr John Eidenow. The by-election was called following the death of John Keohane. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr John Needham.

Seymour resigned, causing a by-election. Buller resigned in order to contest the 1865 Liskeard by- election. The election was declared void on petition, on account of bribery and corrupt practices, causing a by-election.

On petition, Somers was unseated, causing a by-election. On petition, Towneley was unseated, causing a further by-election.

Henry is appointed Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland, prompting a by- election. Chichester dies, causing a by-election.

Broadley's death caused a by-election. Duncombe was appointed a Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty, requiring a by-election.

Kekewich's death caused a by-election. Lopes was appointed a Civil Lord of the Admiralty, requiring a by-election.

Harris' death caused a by-election. Harvey was appointed a registrar of Metropolitan Public Carriages, causing a by-election.

Brassey was appointed a Civil Lord of the Admiralty, requiring a by- election. Murray resigned, causing a by-election.

Crossley's death caused a by-election. Cavendish was appointed a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury, requiring a by- election.

East's resignation caused a by-election. Carter was appointed a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury, requiring a by-election.

This prompted the 1958 Torrington by- election and the Liberal Party's first by-election gain in almost thirty years.

Burnaby's death caused a by-election. Manners was appointed Postmaster General of the United Kingdom, requiring a by-election.

Smith was appointed Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, requiring a by-election. Smith's death caused a by-election.

The last Scottish by-elections without official Scottish National Party candidates were the 1965 Roxburgh, Selkirk and Peebles by- election and the 1964 Rutherglen by-election. Plaid Cymru did not stand a candidate for the 2019 Brecon and Radnorshire by-election, choosing instead to endorse the Liberal Democrat candidate in a "Stop Brexit" alliance. Prior to that, the last Welsh by-elections without official Welsh Nationalist candidates were the 1950 Abertillery by-election, the 1946 Pontypool by- election and the 1945 Monmouth by-election.

The 1868 Lyttelton by-election was a by-election held on 2 November 1868 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the Canterbury electorate of . The by-election was caused by the death of the incumbent MP George Macfarlan; he had been elected by the 1867 Lyttelton by-election. The by-election was won by John Thomas Peacock. As there were no other candidates, he was declared duly elected.

The 1872 Caversham by-election was a by-election held on 28 August 1872 in the electorate in the Otago region of New Zealand during the 5th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent Richard Cantrell, on 31 July 1872. The by-election was won by William Tolmie. His opponent William Cutten had also stood in the 1870 Caversham by-election.

Wood was appointed Solicitor General for England and Wales, requiring a by-election. Wood resigned after being appointed Vice- Chancellor, causing a by-election. Neate's election was declared void on petition due to bribery, causing a by-election. Cardwell was appointed Chief Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, requiring a by-election.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Mervyn E. Jones. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Victoria S. M. Lubbock. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Brian J. Weller. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Walter Carmoody.

The longest period without a seat changing hands in a by-election was the five years between the Conservative victories in the 1948 Glasgow Camlachie by-election and the 1953 Sunderland South by-election. During the short Parliaments of 1910, 1950-1 and 1974 no seats changed hands in a by-election.

The 1891 Waikato by-election was a by-election held on 6 October 1891 during the 11th New Zealand Parliament in the Waikato electorate of . The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP John Bryce. The by-election was won by Edward Lake, who beat former MP William Murray.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Richard F. Broadbent. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Christine L. B. Headley. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Donald B. Hopkins. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Gary F. Stagg.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Antony G. Mothersdale. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Simon H. Milton. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Ian G. Wilder. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Mushtaq A. Qureshi.

The 1862 Heathcote by-election was a by-election held on 12 June 1862 during the 3rd New Zealand Parliament in the Christchurch electorate of . The by- election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP George Williamson Hall. The by-election was won by William Sefton Moorhouse. He was unopposed.

The 1867 City of Christchurch by-election was a by-election held on 13 February 1867 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the Christchurch electorate of . The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP James FitzGerald on 3 January 1867. The by-election was won by William Travers.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Hazel A. D. Baird. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Jean M. Spray. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Mike Harskin. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Harriet J. Harper.

By-election following the resignation of Killian Bourke on 11 May 2015. By-election following the death of Sandra Rylance. The by-election was triggered by the death of Councillor Phil Read, who was elected as a Conservative. By-election following the death of Councillor Steven Van de Kerkhove in January 2016.

This was the first time the Conservatives had lost a seat in a by- election while in Opposition since the 1965 Roxburgh, Selkirk and Peebles by- election, and would be the last time the Liberal Democrats gained a constituency from the Conservatives at a by-election until the 2016 Richmond Park by-election.

The 1878 Cheviot by-election was a by-election held on 21 May 1878 during the 6th New Zealand Parliament in the electorate of in Canterbury. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Leonard Harper on 2 April 1878. The by-election was won by Alfred Saunders.

The 1878 Taieri by-election was a by-election held on 11 July 1878 during the 6th New Zealand Parliament in the electorate of in Otago. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Donald Reid on 6 June 1878. The by-election was won by William Cutten.

Hall was appointed President of the General Board of Health, requiring a by-election. Stuart's death caused a by-election. Hall was appointed First Commissioner of Works and Public Buildings, requiring a by-election. Fortescue resigned after being called to the House of Lords via a writ of acceleration, causing a by- election.

Cecil was appointed Treasurer of the Household, requiring a by-election. Cecil succeeded to the peerage, becoming 3rd Marquess of Exeter, causing a by-election. Hunt was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer, requiring a by-election.

Chester-Master resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, causing a by- election Cripps was appointed a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury, requiring a by-election. Cripps' death caused a by-election.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Eric Richards. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Timothy Walsh. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Cathy Doyle.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Ian Willmore. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Kerry Postlewhite. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Claire Tikly.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Jagjit S. Sidhu. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. James J. O'Neill The by-election was called following the death of Cllr.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr Jonny Johnson. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Peter Brooke. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Alan Greengross.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Derek Spencer. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Teresa Ryan. The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr John Mills.

Phipps was appointed Comptroller of the Household, requiring a by-election. Phipps was appointed Treasurer of the Household, requiring a by-election. Phipps resigned after being appointed Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia, causing a by-election.

Dillon resigned, causing a by-election. Smyth was appointed secretary to the Irish loan fund board, causing a by-election.

Bolling's death caused a by-election. Bowring resigned after being appointed Consul-General at Canton, China, causing a by-election.

With eleven candidates, this equalled the most for any British by-election, set at the 1978 Lambeth Central by- election.

With a swing of 44.2%, the 1983 Bermondsey by-election remains the largest by-election swing in British political history.

Laycock's death caused a by-election. Winn was elevated to the peerage, becoming Lord St Oswald, causing a by-election.

Halsey's death caused a by-election. Bulwer-Lytton was appointed Secretary of State for the Colonies, requiring a by-election.

Morgan was appointed Judge Advocate General of the Armed Forces, requiring a by-election. Wynn's death caused a by-election.

Bankes was appointed Judge Advocate General of the Armed Forces, requiring a by-election. Bankes' death caused a by-election.

Burrell's death caused a by-election. Cave was appointed Vice-President of the Board of Trade, requiring a by-election.

Beresford Beesly Beresford was appointed Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty, requiring a by-election. Beresford resigned, causing a by-election.

Deedes' death caused a by-election. Bridges was elevated to the peerage, becoming Lord FitzWalter and causing a by-election.

Bellew resigned after he was appointed a law commissioner, causing a by-election. Parkinson-Fortescue was appointed Chief Secretary for Ireland, requiring a by-election. Parkinson-Fortescue was appointed Chief Secretary for Ireland, requiring a by-election.

Lawless' death caused a by-election. O'Connell resigned after being appointed Clerk of the Crown and Hanaper at Dublin Castle, causing a by- election. Bagwell was appointed a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury, requiring a by-election.

129 A total of seven candidates stood for election; this matched the then by-election record, which had been set at the 1920 Stockport by-election, and was not beaten until the 1976 Walsall North by-election.

The Windsor by-election, 1942, was a by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Windsor in Berkshire on 30 June 1942. The by-election was won by the Conservative candidate Charles Mott-Radclyffe.

The Stockport by-election, 1925 was a by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Stockport in Cheshire on 17 September 1925. The by- election was won by the Labour Party candidate Arnold Townend.

The Buckrose by-election, 1926 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Buckrose, Yorkshire on 5 May 1926. This was the first by-election to take place during the General Strike.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Shirley Porter. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Joseph Glickman. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Hugh G. Garside.

Fortescue chose to sit for where he had also been elected, causing a by-election. John Russell was also elected for and opted to sit there, causing a by-election. William Russell resigned, causing a by-election.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Josephine L. Irwin. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Ross Laird. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Barbara Fabian.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Mike Greene. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Philip Thompson. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Christopher J. Basson.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Simon P. Rouse. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Louise Alexander. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Rupert Bawden.

The Galloway by-election, 1925 was a by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Galloway in Scotland on 17 November 1925. The by- election was won by the Unionist Party candidate Sidney Streatfeild.

In terms of total number, their longest run of by-election holds was 51, between the 1945 Chelmsford by- election and the 1957 Lewisham North by-election, a span of . Since their formation, the Liberal Democrats have held every Lib Dem seat contested at a by-election, of which there have been 3. Including their successor parties, their most recent by-election loss was the 1982 Mitcham and Morden by- election, lost by the SDP ago. The SDP candidate had however defected from Labour – the last seat lost by either party that had been won at a previous election was the 1957 Carmarthen by-election, lost by the Liberals ago.

The 1879 Southern Maori by-election was a by-election held on 7 July 1879 in the electorate during the 6th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Hori Kerei Taiaroa when he was appointed to the Legislative Council. The by-election was won by Ihaia Tainui.

The 1873 Suburbs of Nelson by-election was a by-election held on 14 May 1873 in the electorate in Nelson during the 5th New Zealand Parliament. The by- election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, Ralph Richardson. The by-election was won by Andrew Richmond. He was opposed by Charles Elliott.

Thompson resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds in order to contest a by-election at Westmorland, causing a by- election. Grey succeeded to the peerage, becoming 3rd Earl Grey and causing a by-election. Barclay resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, causing a by-election.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Iain W. F. Hanham. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Andrew S. Dalton. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Andrew F. Lamont. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Ms. Shireen O. Ritchie.

The 1881 Nelson by-election was a by-election held on 7 June 1881 in the electorate during the 7th New Zealand Parliament. The "show of hands" had favoured Richmond (31 to 24). The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Acton Adams. The by-election was won by Henry Levestam.

The 1870 Riverton by-election was a by-election held on 18 March 1870 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the Southland electorate of . The by- election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Donald Hankinson on 2 April 1870. The by-election was won by Lauchlan McGillivray, he was unopposed.

The 1881 Grey Valley by-election was a by-election held on 16 June 1881 during the 7th New Zealand Parliament in the West Coast electorate of . The by- election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Edward Masters on 9 May 1881. The by-election was won by Thomas S. Weston.

The 1892 Rangitikei by-election was a by-election held during the 11th New Zealand Parliament in the Rangitikei electorate of the North Island. This was the fifth by-election since the Rangitikei electorate was established for the 1861 election. The previous by-election took place in 1880 and the following one took place in 1909. Robert Bruce, who had previously been the MP for Rangitikei between 1884 and 1890, won the by-election narrowly.

The 1879 City of Nelson by-election was a by-election held on 6 February 1879 in the electorate during the 6th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP John Sharp. The by-election was won by Acton Adams. He was described as the “Secularist” candidate; as with David Goldie in the 1879 City of Auckland West by-election; both favouring secular not denominational education.

The 1867 Manuherikia by-election was a by-election held on 29 November 1864 in the electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP William Baldwin on 15 February 1867. The by-election was contested by David Mervyn and John Jack. When Jack won the "show of hands" at the nomination meeting, the by-election was demanded and won by Mervyn.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Arthur C. Harrison. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. John P. Dowling. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Daniel West.

The 1878 Invercargill by-election was a by-election during the 6th New Zealand Parliament in the Southland electorate of Invercargill. The by-election occurred following the resignation of MP George Lumsden and was won by Henry Feldwick.

The 1954 Morpeth by-election was held on 4 November 1954. The by-election was brought about by the death of the incumbent Labour MP, Robert Taylor. The by- election was won by the Labour candidate Will Owen.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Heidi A. Nash. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Clive R. Jordan. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Margaret Moran.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Daniel J. Felton The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Robert Jeyes. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Vera W. Cridland.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Annette F. Barratt. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Sabiha Shahzad. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Claude D. Ramsey.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Roger M. Clarke. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Sally L. Gilson. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Premila Bhanderi.

Taylour succeeded to the peerage, becoming 2nd Marquess of Headfort and causing a by- election. Somerville's death caused a by-election.

The by-election was called following the death of Councillor Roger Stringer. The by-election was held on 14 December 2017.

Lloyd was elevated to the peerage, becoming 1st Baron Mostyn and causing a by- election. Glynne resigned, causing a by-election.

Cayley's death caused a by-election. Duncombe was elevated to the peerage, becoming 1st Lord Feversham, and causing a by-election.

Lopes' death caused a by-election. Buller was elevated to the peerage, becoming 1st Baron Churston and causing a by-election.

The Torrington by-election proved the first Liberal success in a long revival which continued with the 1962 Orpington by-election.

Powlett succeeded to the peerage, becoming Duke of Cleveland, and causing a by-election. Brassey North's death caused a by-election.

Rice-Trevor succeeded to the peerage, becoming 4th Baron Dynevor and causing a by-election. Davies' death caused a by- election.

Aglionby's death caused a by-election. Bourke was appointed Chief Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, requiring a by-election.

Puller's death caused a by-election. Bulwer-Lytton was elevated to the peerage, becoming Lord Lytton and causing a by-election.

Westhead resigned, causing a by-election. Lowther was appointed Chief Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, requiring a by-election.

Example of occasions when this law comes into use are during Kajang by-election, 2014 and Sungai Kandis by- election, 2018.

Denison succeeded to the peerage, becoming Lord Londesborough and causing a by-election. Vanden-Bempde-Johnstone's death caused a by-election.

Filmer's resignation caused a by-election. Dyke's appointment as Chief Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland required a by-election.

The Thames by-election of 1893 was a by-election held during the 11th New Zealand Parliament in the electorate of .

FitzRoy succeeded to the peerage, becoming 6th Duke of Grafton and causing a by-election. Baring resigned, causing a by-election.

The 1942 Temuka by-election was a by-election for the electorate of Temuka held during the 26th New Zealand Parliament.

The 1942 Hauraki by-election was a by-election for the electorate of Hauraki held during the 26th New Zealand Parliament.

The contest was the first by-election of the 2010 parliament, and the first by-election to be caused by an election court overturning the previous result since the 1997 Winchester by-election. It is also notable for being the earliest by-election in the calendar year for 55 years and the fifth-earliest since the First World War.

Cowper was appointed Civil Lord of the Admiralty, requiring a by- election. Cowper was appointed president of the General Board of Health, requiring a by-election. Cowper was appointed Vice-President of the Committee of the Council on Education, requiring a by-election. Cowper was appointed Vice-President of the Board of Trade, requiring a by-election.

The 1930 Invercargill by-election was a by-election during the 23rd New Zealand Parliament in the Southland electorate of . The by-election occurred following the death of Sir Joseph Ward on 8 July 1930. The by-election, which was held on 13 August, was won by the late Prime Minister's second son, Vincent Ward against James Hargest.

The Oxford by-election, 1938 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Oxford, held on 27 October 1938. The by- election was triggered when Robert Croft Bourne, the sitting Conservative Member of Parliament died on 7 August 1938. He had served as MP for the constituency since a 1924 by-election.

The 1967 Eastern Māori by-election was a by-election for the electorate of Eastern Maori on 12 August 1967 during the 35th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election resulted from the death of the previous member Puti Tipene Watene on 14 June 1967. The by-election was won by Paraone Reweti, also of the Labour Party.

The 1860 Grey and Bell by-election was a by-election held on 28 May during the 2nd New Zealand Parliament in the Taranaki electorate of . The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Charles Brown. The by-election was won by Thomas KIng. King was unopposed, and was duly declared elected.

The Shoreditch and Finsbury by-election 1958 was a parliamentary by-election for the Shoreditch and Finsbury constituency held on 27 November 1958. The by- election was held following the conferment of a life peerage for Victor Collins. It was a Labour hold. Until the 1999 Leeds Central by-election, the turnout was the lowest in post-war history.

The Akaoa by-election was a by-election in the Cook Islands seat of Akaoa. It took place on 29 November 2006, and was precipitated by the seat being a dead tie in the 2006 general election. After a judicial recount, the High Court ordered a by-election. Both general election candidates contested the by- election.

National wanted to avoid confusion by putting up a proxy candidate and likewise did not wish to cause a by-election in Eden should Fortune be victorious. The government intended it to coincide with the upcoming Patea by- election, even passing the Patea By-election Act 1954 to postpone it until the day of the Onslow by-election.

By-election following resignation of Ray Manning on 2 April 2014. By-election held following the death of John Reynolds. By-election following resignation of Martin Curtis on 22 March 2015. The by-election was triggered by the resignation of Councillor Peter Lagoda, who was elected for the UK Independence Party, following his conviction for benefit fraud.

The 1889 Nelson by-election was a by-election held on 3 April 1889 in the electorate during the 10th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the death on 11 February of the incumbent MP Henry Levestam. The by- election was won by Joseph Harkness. He was opposed by the Mayor of Nelson, John Sharp.

A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Rockdale on 2 August 1986. It was triggered by the resignation of sitting Labor MP Brian Bannon. The by-election was won by Labor candidate Barrie Unsworth. The Rockdale by-election was held the same day as the Bass Hill by- election.

A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly seat of Bass Hill on 2 August 1986. The by-election was triggered by the resignation of sitting Labor MP Neville Wran. It was won by Liberal candidate Michael Owen. The Bass Hill by-election was held the same day as the Rockdale by- election.

The 1882 Wakanui by-election was a by-election held on 16 June 1882 in the electorate during the 8th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused when the election of the incumbent MP Cathcart Wason in 1881 was declared void. The by-election was won by Joseph Ivess. He was opposed by Alfred Saunders.

The 1878 Port Chalmers by-election was a by-election held on 12 April 1878 in the electorate during the 6th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP William Hunter Reynolds. The by- election was won by James Green. he was opposed by the ex-Mayor Mr Henry Dench.

The 1868 Collingwood by-election was a by-election held on 18 March 1868 in the electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Andrew Richmond on 7 February 1868. The by-election was won by Arthur Collins, by the narrow margin of three votes.

The 1867 Parnell by-election was a by-election held on 5 June 1867 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the Auckland electorate of . The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Frederick Whitaker. The by- election was won by Charles Heaphy. Major Heaphy (VC) was unopposed, and hence was then declared elected.

The 1872 Rodney by-election was a by-election held on 16 March 1872 in the electorate in the Auckland region of New Zealand during the 5th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Harry Farnall on 17 January 1872. The by-election was won by John Sheehan. He was unopposed.

The 1865 Rangitikei by-election was a by-election held on 10 July 1865 in the electorate during the 3rd New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP William Fox. The by-election was won by Robert Pharazyn. As he was the only candidate nominated, he was duly declared elected.

The 1869 Waikouaiti by-election was a by-election held on 27 April 1869 in the electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Robert Mitchell. The by-election was won by Francis Rich. As there were no other nominations, he was duly declared elected.

The 1883 Selwyn by-election was a by-election held on 6 April 1883 during the 8th New Zealand Parliament in the Canterbury electorate of . The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP John Hall. The by-election was won by Edward Lee. A government supporter, he was opposed by the Hon.

The 1883 Inangahua by-election was a by-election held on 14 May 1883 during the 8th New Zealand Parliament in the West Coast electorate of . The by- election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Thomas S. Weston. The by-election was won by Edward Shaw. He was opposed by Edward Wakefield, who opposed the Government.

Cavendish was appointed a Civil Lord of the Admiralty, requiring a by-election. Cavendish was appointed Secretary of State for War, requiring a by-election. Wilson-Patten was appointed Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, requiring a by-election.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Susan A. Gorman. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. George E. Armstrong. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. John C. Wobey.

The 1947 Mount Albert by-election was a by-election held during the 28th New Zealand Parliament in the Auckland electorate of . The by-election occurred following the death of MP Arthur Richards and was won by Warren Freer.

The 1947 Westland by-election was a by-election held during the 28th New Zealand Parliament in the South Island electorate of . The by-election occurred following the death of MP James O'Brien and was won by Jim Kent.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Mark A. Flewitt. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Alice E. Smith. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. William A. Remfry.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Alan H. Bailey. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Leonard F. Long. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. David G. Charles.

Murray was appointed Lord Advocate, requiring a by-election. Murray was appointed Lord Advocate, requiring a by-election. Murray resigned after being appointed as a Senate of the College of Justice, becoming Lord Murray and causing a by-election.

The 1944 Awarua by-election was a by-election held during the 27th New Zealand Parliament in the Southland electorate of Awarua. The by-election occurred following the death of MP James Hargest and was won by George Herron.

The 1873 Invercargill by-election was a by-election during the 5th New Zealand Parliament in the Southland electorate of Invercargill. The by-election occurred following the resignation of MP William Henderson Calder and was won by John Cuthbertson.

The 1947 Avon by-election was a by-election held during the 28th New Zealand Parliament in the Christchurch electorate of Avon. The by-election occurred following the death of MP Dan Sullivan and was won by John Mathison.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Gordon Mcl. Bogan. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Derek J. Tow. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Kenneth R. Abel.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Donald I. Pepper. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Patricia A. Twomey. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Abdul M. Khokhar.

The by-election achieved a record of 19 candidates, beating the previous high of seventeen at the 1984 Chesterfield by-election. It remained the longest ballot paper in any Parliamentary election until the 2008 Haltemprice and Howden by-election.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Mark A. Versallion. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Brian E. Gate. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Ms. Ann Gate.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Brian W. Price. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Pamela Wharfe. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Josephine C. F. Langton.

FitzGerald was appointed Treasurer of the Household, requiring a by- election. Fitzgerald was appointed Comptroller of the Household, requiring a by-election.

Brabazon's death caused a by-election. Blake resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, causing a by-election.

Johnson was appointed Solicitor-General for Ireland, requiring a by-election. Johnson was appointed a judge and resigned, causing a by-election.

Wentworth-Fitzwilliam succeeded to the peerage, becoming 5th Earl Fitzwilliam and causing a by- election. Wentworth-Fitzwilliam's death caused a by-election.

The Shipley by-election was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Shipley on 6 November 1930.

Herbert resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, causing a by- election. Botfield's death caused a by-election.

Mordaunt's death caused a by-election. Shirley resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, causing a by-election.

Hobhouse resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, causing a by-election. Clive's death caused a by-election.

By-election: On Mr. Paquet being called to the Senate By-election: Mr. C. Beausoleil appointed Postmaster of Montreal 1 December 1899.

The Bath by-election, 1929 was a parliamentary by-election held on 21 March 1929 for the constituency of Bath in Somerset.

Perry resigned after being appointed a member of the Council of India, causing a by-election. Wilson resigned, causing a by-election.

Hodgetts-Foley's death caused a by- election. Gough-Calthorpe succeeded to the peerage, becoming 5th Baron Calthorpe and causing a by-election.

Power was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Saint Lucia, resigning and causing a by-election. Roche was elevated to the peerage, becoming 1st Baron Fermoy and causing a by-election. Deasy was appointed Solicitor-General for Ireland, requiring a by-election.

The by-election was caused by the death of Matthew Parr. The by-election was caused by the resignation of Jane Edbrooke. The by-election was caused by Lib Peck who resigned as Leader of Lambeth Council and as a councillor.

The 1953 North Dunedin by-election was a by-election held during the 30th New Zealand Parliament in the Dunedin electorate of North Dunedin. The by-election occurred following the death of MP Robert Walls and was won by Ethel McMillan.

The St Ives by-election of 1875 was fought on 5 March 1875. The by-election was caused by the previous by-election being declared void on petition, on grounds of "general treating". It was retained by Conservative MP, Charles Praed.

The 1870 Omata by-election was a by-election held on 27 April in the electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, Charles Brown. He was replaced by Frederic Carrington.

Greville's election was later declared void but no writ was issued for a by-election to elect a new MP. Greville resigned, causing a by-election. Canning was elevated to the peerage, becoming 1st Earl Canning and causing a by-election.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Ms. Lucy C. M. Rigby. The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Arthur T. Graves. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Ms. Jessica Asato.

Howard resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, causing a by-election. Dundas was appointed Solicitor General for Scotland, requiring a by-election. Dundas was appointed Judge Advocate General of the Armed Forces, requiring a by-election.

Villiers was appointed Judge-Advocate-General of the Armed Forces, requiring a by- election. Bethell was appointed Attorney General for England and Wales, requiring a by-election. Villiers was appointed President of the Poor Law Board, requiring a by-election.

The East Grinstead by-election 1965 was a parliamentary by-election for the East Grinstead constituency of the British House of Commons held on 4 February 1965. The by-election was held following conferment of a life peerage on Evelyn Emmet.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Philip A. Northey. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Susan E. Fenwick. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. David A. R. Martin.

The by- election was called following the death of Cllr. Anthony J. Barnett. The by- election was called following the death of Cllr. Jean M. Matthews. The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Marc L. Cranfield- Adams.

The Onehunga by-election 1953 was a by-election held in the electorate in Auckland during the term of the 30th New Zealand Parliament, on 19 December 1953. The by-election was won by Hugh Watt of the Labour Party.

Codrington resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Manor of East Hendred, causing a by-election. Grey was appointed Home Secretary, requiring a by-election. Romilly was appointed Solicitor General for England and Wales, requiring a by-election.

The Oamaru by-election of 1923 was a by-election during the 21st New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was called following the invalidation of the preceding 1922 general election result due to irregularities. It was held on 1 May 1923.

This was the first time the Liberal Democrats had gained a seat in a House of Commons by- election since the 2006 Dunfermline and West Fife by-election, and their first gain from the Conservatives since the 2000 Romsey by-election. It was also the largest increase in vote share they had obtained in a by-election since the 1993 Christchurch by-election. Six months later, Zac Goldsmith regained the seat in the 2017 general election.

Wodehouse resigned via accepting the office of Steward of the Manor of Hempholme, causing a by-election. Buxton's death caused a by-election.

The Northampton by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Northampton on 1 April 1920.

The Tavistock by-election, 1928 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Tavistock on 11 October 1928.

The Wallasey by-election, 1942 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Wallasey on 29 April 1942.

The Ashford by-election, 1933 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Ashford on 17 March 1933.

The Hanley by-election, 1912 was a by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Hanley on 13 July 1912.

The Wansbeck by-election, 1929 was a by-election held on 13 February 1929 for the British House of Commons constituency of Wansbeck.

The Bedford by-election, 1921 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Bedford on 23 April 1921.

The Merionethshire by-election, 1899 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Merionethshire on 2 May 1899.

The Inverness by-election, 1922 was a by-election held on 16 March 1922 for the British House of Commons constituency of Inverness.

The Ludlow by-election, 1960 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Ludlow on 16 November 1960.

The Henley by-election, 1932 was a parliamentary by-election held on 25 February 1932 for the House of Commons constituency of Henley.

The Colchester by-election, 1961 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Colchester on 16 March 1961.

The Tiverton by-election, 1960 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Tiverton on 16 November 1960.

The Chertsey by-election, 1922 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Chertsey on 24 March 1922.

The Argyllshire by-election, 1940 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Argyllshire, on 10 April 1940.

The Anglesey by-election, 1923 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Anglesey on 7 April 1923.

The Basingstoke by-election, 1934 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Basingstoke on 19 April 1934.

The Buteshire by-election, 1905 was a by-election held on 3 March 1905 for the British House of Commons constituency of Buteshire.

Arkwright's death caused a by-election. Willoughby resigned after being appointed as a Member of the Council of India, causing a by-election.

A by-election was held on March 5, 2007. The by-election was won by Nancy Heppner, Ben's daughter, of the Saskatchewan Party.

The Westbury by-election, 1927 was a by-election held on 16 June 1927 for the British House of Commons constituency of Westbury.

Weld-Forester was appointed Comptroller of the Household, requiring a by-election. Gaskell was appointed Comptroller of the Household, requiring a by-election.

The Abingdon by-election, 1916, was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Abingdon on 29 August 1916.

The Eddisbury by-election, 1929 was a by-election held on 20 March 1929 for the British House of Commons constituency of Eddisbury.

Sutherland-Leveson- Gower succeeded to the peerage, becoming 3rd Duke of Sutherland, and causing a by-election. Dundas resigned, causing a by-election.

The Cockermouth by-election, 1906 was a by-election held on 3 August 1906 for the British House of Commons constituency of Cockermouth.

Hardinge was appointed Secretary at War, requiring a by-election. Hardinge resigned after being appointed Governor-General of India, causing a by-election.

The Grantham by-election, 1942 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Grantham on 25 March 1942.

O'Connell resigned, causing a by-election. O'Hagan resigned after being appointed a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, causing a by-election.

Cave was appointed Judge Advocate General of the Armed Forces and Paymaster General, requiring a by- election. Burrell's death caused a by-election.

The Yeovil by-election, 1923 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Yeovil on 30 October 1923.

The Rugby by-election, 1942 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Rugby on 29 April 1942.

The Eddisbury by-election, 1943 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Eddisbury on 7 April 1943.

The 1861 Grey and Bell by-election was a by-election held on 20 June during the 3rd New Zealand Parliament in the Taranaki electorate of . The by-election was caused by the death of the incumbent MP William Cutfield King on 8 February 1861. The by-election was won by Harry Atkinson. Atkinson was unopposed, and was duly declared elected.

The Waipawa by-election of 1930 was a by-election for the rural Hawke's Bay electorate of Waipawa held on 8 October of that year during the 23rd New Zealand Parliament. The by-election resulted from the death of the previous member George Hunter on 20 August. It was held on the same day as another by- election in Western Maori.

Pepys was appointed as Solicitor General for England and Wales, requiring a by-election. Pepys was appointed as First Lord Commissioner for the Custody of the Great Seal, requiring a by-election. Pepys resigned after being appointed as Lord Chancellor and being elevated to the peerage, becoming 1st Earl of Cottenham, requiring a by-election. Ramsden's death caused a by-election.

The Barambah state by-election, 1988 was a by-election held on 16 April 1988 for the Queensland Legislative Assembly seat of Barambah, based in the town of Kingaroy. The by-election was triggered by the resignation of National MP and former Premier Sir Joh Bjelke-Petersen. Until the by-election, the seat had been considered the Nationals' safest seat in Queensland.

The 1867 Avon by-election was a by-election held on 11 March 1867 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the Christchurch electorate of . The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Crosbie Ward. The by- election was won by William Reeves, the business partner of Ward. As there were no other candidates, he was declared elected unopposed.

The Grey Lynn by-election 1963 was a by-election held in the electorate in Auckland during the term of the 33rd New Zealand Parliament, on 18 May 1963. The by-election was caused by the death of incumbent MP Fred Hackett of the Labour Party on 19 March 1963. The by-election was won by Reginald Keeling, also of the Labour Party.

The Hurunui by-election 1961 was a by-election held in the electorate in North Canterbury during the term of the 33rd New Zealand Parliament, on 10 June 1961. The by-election was caused by the death of incumbent MP William Gillespie of the National Party on 23 April 1961. The by-election was won by Lorrie Pickering, also of the National Party.

The 1869 Taieri by-election was a by-election held on 19 June 1869 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the Otago electorate of . The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Donald Reid. The by-election was won by Henry Howorth. The runner-up was Thomas Culling, with six candidates having contested the election.

The 1887 Port Chalmers by-election was a by-election held on 6 April 1887 in the electorate during the 9th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the death on 11 February of the incumbent MP James Macandrew. The by-election was won by James Mills. As he was the only candidate nominated, he was declared duly elected.

The 1867 Kaiapoi by-election was a by-election held on 5 July 1867 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the Canterbury electorate of . The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Joseph Beswick on 24 April 1867. The by-election was won by John Studholme. As there were no other candidates, he was declared duly elected.

The 1884 Kaiapoi by-election was a by-election held on 16 May 1884 during the 8th New Zealand Parliament in the Canterbury electorate of . The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Isaac Wilson on 7 April 1884. The by-election was won by Edward Richardson, who was unopposed (although earlier J. Lowthian Wilson had considered to stand).

The Waimea by-election 1858 was a by-election held in the multi-member electorate during the 2nd New Zealand Parliament, on 21 May 1858. The by- election was caused by the resignation of incumbent MP Charles Elliott on 20 March 1858. The by-election was won unopposed by David Monro, who had represented the seat in the previous parliament.

The 1872 Waikato by-election was a by-election held on 1 March 1872 in the electorate in the Waikato region of New Zealand during the 5th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP James McPherson on 20 December 1871. The by-election was won by Major William Jackson. He was unopposed.

The 1868 Rangitikei by-election was a by-election held on 22 June 1868 in the electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP William Hogg Watt on 15 June 1868. The by-election was won by William Fox. As no other candidates were nominated, he was declared duly elected.

The 1873 Waikouaiti by-election was a by-election held on 23 July 1873 in the electorate during the 5th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP David Monro. Candidates for the by- election were John Lillie Gillies, Thomas Slater Pratt, and John Graham. Pratt had been mayor of Waikouaiti since July 1870.

The 1883 Peninsula by-election was a by-election held on 22 January 1883 during the 8th New Zealand Parliament in the Otago electorate of . The by- election was caused by the death of the incumbent MP James Seaton on 10 November 1882. The by-election was won by William Larnach. He was opposed by Bishop Moran and Michael Donnelly.

The 1880 Waikaia by-election was a by-election held on 21 September 1880 in the electorate in the Southland Region during the 7th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the death of the incumbent George Ireland, on 15 August 1880. The by-election was won by Horace Bastings. He was opposed by William Morris of Waikaia.

The by-election was held on the same day with the second round of the unified local elections and another House by-election in the Osaka 12th district. The Okinawa-wide referendum in February influenced the by-election campaign. The candidate supported by Tamaki and the All-Okinawa coalition, Tomohiro Yara won the by-election against LDP candidate and former minister Aiko Shimajiri.

The 1868 Picton by-election was a by-election held on 11 June 1868 in the electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP William Adams on 10 May 1868. The by- election was won by Courtney Kenny. As no other candidates were nominated, he was declared duly elected.

Hely-Hutchinson succeeded to the peerage, becoming 3rd Earl of Donoughmore and causing a by- election. Sheil was appointed as Commissioner of Greenwich Hospital, requiring a by-election. Sheil was appointed as Vice-President of the Board of Trade, requiring a by-election.

The Ilkeston by-election was a Parliamentary by-election. It returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system. The by-election was held on 7 March 1910.

The Hyde by-election was a Parliamentary by-election. It returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system. The by-election was held on 30 March 1916.

The Waipawa by-election of 1940 was a by-election for the electorate of Waipawa held on 16 November 1940 during the 26th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election resulted from the death of the previous member Albert Jull on 24 September 1940.

The Palmerston by-election of 1918 was a by-election held in the electorate during the 19th New Zealand Parliament, on 19 December 1918. The by-election was won by the sitting Mayor of Palmerston North, Jimmy Nash with a majority of 315.

Edgcumbe succeeded to the peerage, becoming 4th Earl of Mount Edgcumbe and causing a by-election. Collier was appointed Solicitor General for England and Wales, requiring a by-election. Collier was appointed Attorney General for England and Wales, requiring a by-election.

The Aberdeen South by-election, 1917 was a parliamentary by-election for the House of Commons constituency of Aberdeen South comprising the local government wards in the southern part of the city of Aberdeen. The by-election took place on 3 April 1917.

Vernon Smith was appointed Secretary of State for War, requiring a by-election. Vernon Smith was appointed President of the Board of Control, requiring a by-election. Vernon Smith was raised to the peerage, becoming 1st Baron Lyveden, and causing a by-election.

Barnard's death caused a by-election. Dundas resigned after being appointed Commander of the Mediterranean Fleet, causing a by-election. Rolt resigned, causing a by-election. Townsend resigned after becoming a bankrupt, also leading to his suspension from the House of Commons.

Wigram resigned after being appointed as a Vice-Chancellor, causing a by-election. Greenaway resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, causing a by-election. Barkly resigned after being appointed Governor of British Guiana, causing a by-election.

The 1945 Dunedin North by-election was a by-election held during the 27th New Zealand Parliament in the Dunedin electorate of Dunedin North. The by-election occurred following the death of MP James W. Munro and was won by Robert Walls.

Sotheron resigned, by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, in order to contest a by-election at North Wiltshire, causing a by- election. Bruges resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, causing a by-election.

The Wairau by-election 1858 was a by-election held in the electorate during the 2nd New Zealand Parliament, on 21 May 1858. The by-election was caused by the resignation of incumbent MP William Wells and was won unopposed by Frederick Weld.

The 1863 Kaiapoi by-election was a by-election held on 2 September 1863 in the electorate during the 3rd New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of incumbent MP Isaac Cookson and was won unopposed by Robert Wilkin.

The Kingston upon Hull Central by-election, 1919 was a parliamentary by- election held for the House of Commons constituency of Kingston upon Hull Central on 29 March 1919. The by-election was the fifth to be held during the 1918-1922 parliament.

Esmonde was appointed a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury, causing a by-election. Beresford succeeded as 5th Marquess of Waterford, causing a by-election.

Richardson resigned, causing a by-election. On petition, Barbour was unseated due to his and his agent's bribery and treating, causing a by-election.

Sexton is also elected MP for Belfast North and opts to sit there, causing a by-election. Kennedy resigns, causing a second by-election.

Balfour accepted office as Lord Advocate, prompting a by-election. Balfour is appointed Lord President of the Court of Session, prompting a by-election.

Cavendish was also elected MP for North East Lancashire and opted to sit there, causing a by-election. Williams resigned, causing a by-election.

The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Jane Linden. The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Jean Khote.

The Cardiganshire by-election, 1932 was a parliamentary by-election held on 22 September 1932 for the British House of Commons constituency of Cardiganshire.

The Wisbech by-election, 1917 was a by-election held on 14 December 1917 for the House of Commons constituency of Wisbech in Cambridgeshire.

The Western Maori by-election 1945 was a by-election held in the electorate during the 28th New Zealand Parliament, on 10 February 1945.

Pakington was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty, requiring a by-election. Pakington was appointed Secretary of State for War, requiring a by-election.

The Walsall by-election, 1938 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Walsall on 16 November 1938.

The by-election was triggered by the resignation of Councillor David Hymers. The by-election was triggered by the resignation of Councillor Thomas Sheriff.

Harvey resigned after being appointed a Commissioner of Police for the City of London, causing a by-election. Wood's death caused a by-election.

The Canterbury by-election, 1927 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Canterbury, Kent on 24 November 1927.

The Ludlow by-election, 1923 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Ludlow, Shropshire, on 19 April 1923.

The Kennington by-election, 1939 was a parliamentary by-election held on 24 May 1939 for the British House of Commons constituency of Kennington.

The Caerphilly by-election, 1939 was a parliamentary by-election held on 4 July 1939 for the British House of Commons constituency of Caerphilly.

The Hythe by-election, 1939 was a parliamentary by-election held on 20 July 1939 for the British House of Commons constituency of Hythe.

The Eastbourne by-election, 1925 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Eastbourne, Sussex on 17 June 1925.

The Rossendale by-election, 1917 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Rossendale on 13 February 1917.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Tim Shand. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Ronald Stockbridge.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Jeanette Bentley. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Antony Lillis.

Blackett resigned due to ill health, causing a by-election. Headlam was appointed Judge-Advocate General of the Armed Forces, requiring a by-election.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Vic Butler. The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Andreas Mikkides.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Justin Portess. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Wayne Hoban.

The Oxford by-election, 1924 was a parliamentary by-election held on 5 June 1924 for the British House of Commons constituency of Oxford.

The by-election was called following the disqualification of Cllr. Mark Gittens. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Mike Figg.

The Hove by-election, 1965 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Hove held on 22 July 1965.

The Gower by-election, 1888 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Gower in South Wales in 1888.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Maeve McCormack. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Theo Blackwell.

The Ripon by-election, 1925 was a parliamentary by-election held on 5 December 1925 for the British House of Commons constituency of Ripon.

The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Tariq Ahmad. The by- election was called following the death of Cllr. Gam Gurung.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Michael Tal. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Stephen Twigg.

The Argyllshire by-election, 1920 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Argyllshire on 10 March 1920.

The Bosworth by-election, 1927 was a parliamentary by-election for the House of Commons constituency of Bosworth in Leicestershire on 31 May 1927.

Leader resigned, by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, in order to contest a by-election at , causing a by- election.

The Gateshead by-election, 1931 was a parliamentary by-election held on 8 June 1931 for the British House of Commons constituency of Gateshead.

Petty-Fitzmaurice resigned, causing a by-election. Lowe was appointed Vice-President of the Committee of the Council on Education, requiring a by-election.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Gloria Hutchens. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Joseph Singh.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Gabriel Fernandes. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Tim Sargeant.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Toren Smith. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Steve Reed.

The by-election was called following the disqualification of Cllr. Sonia Winifred. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Chris Marsh.

Vere's death caused a by-election. Henniker-Major resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Manor of Northstead, causing a by-election.

The Waihemo by-election was a by-election in the New Zealand electorate of Waihemo, a rural seat in Otago, in the South Island.

The Manukau by-election was a by-election in the New Zealand electorate of Manukau, a seat in the north of the North Island.

The Montgomeryshire by-election, 1962 was a parliamentary by-election held on 15 May 1962 for the British House of Commons constituency of Montgomeryshire.

The Stafford by-election, 1984 was a parliamentary by-election held on 3 May 1984 for the British House of Commons constituency of Stafford.

The Daventry by-election, 1943 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Daventry, Northamptonshire on 20 April 1943.

The Epsom by-election, 1928 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Epsom, Surrey on 4 July 1928.

The Lancaster by-election, 1941 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Lancaster, Lancashire on 15 October 1941.

Egerton's resignation caused a by-election. Adderley was appointed Vice-President of the Committee of the Privy Council for Education, requiring a by-election.

The Camborne by-election, 1903 was a by-election held on 8 April 1903 for the British House of Commons constituency of Camborne in Cornwall. The by-election was triggered by the death of the serving Liberal Party Member of Parliament (MP), William Sproston Caine. The Liberal victor, Wilfrid Lawson had previously been MP for Cockermouth and Carlisle and at 74 was the second oldest victor at a by-election. The Liberal Association invited Lawson to stand for the by-election.

Rossa was disqualified as he was a convicted felon, causing a by-election. White resigned, causing a by-election. Mitchel was declared ineligible, causing a by-election. Mitchel was again declared ineligible (and died) and, on 26 May 1875, Moore was awarded the seat.

The writ for the by-election was issued by the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly, Peter Watson, on 6 February 2018. The by-election was held on 17 March 2018, the same day as the South Australian state election and the Batman federal by-election.

The by-election was the first since the Fermanagh and South Tyrone by-election of April 1981 where a seat transferred between two candidates from outside the major parties, and the first since the North Down by-election of 1986 won by a minor party.

The 1945 Hamilton by-election was a by-election held during the 27th New Zealand Parliament in the Waikato electorate of Hamilton. The by-election occurred following the death of MP Frank Findlay and was won by Hilda Ross, both of the National Party.

The Tamarua by-election was a by-election in the Cook Islands electorate of Tamarua. It was held on 3 February 2009, and was precipitated by the death of sitting MP Mii Parima. The by-election was won by the Cook Islands Party's Pukeiti Pukeiti.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Richard A. Stirling-Gibb. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Ron M. Harley. The by-election was called following the resignations of Cllrs. Jillian A. Selbourne and Gary P. Martin.

The 2013 Tamarua by-election was a by-election in the Cook Islands electorate of Tamarua. It was held on 29 January 2013, and was precipitated by the death of sitting MP Pukeiti Pukeiti. The by-election was won by the Democratic Party's Tetangi Matapo.

The Manchester Rusholme by-election, 1919 was a parliamentary by-election held in October 1919 for the British House of Commons constituency of Manchester Rusholme. The by-election was important for shaping the future Labour Party attitude to electoral relations with the Liberal Party.

This was only the second time Labour had fallen to fourth place in an English by-election since World War II, the 1989 Richmond (Yorks) by-election being the other occasion. Labour would later drop to 5th place at the 2008 Henley by-election.

The Town of Lyttelton by-election 1856 was a by-election held in the electorate during the 2nd New Zealand Parliament, on 28 May 1856. The by- election was caused by the resignation of incumbent MP James FitzGerald and was won unopposed by Crosbie Ward.

The Barnsley Central by-election was a by-election for the Parliament of the United Kingdom's House of Commons constituency of Barnsley Central which took place on 3 March 2011. The by-election resulted in the Labour Party holding the seat with an increased majority.

Wentworth-FitzWilliam succeeded to the peerage, becoming 6th Earl FitzWilliam, causing a by-election. Proby was appointed Comptroller of the Household, requiring a by-election.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Tony Giles. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Leslie D. Mutch.

The South Norfolk by-election, 1920 was a by-election held on 27 July 1920 for the British House of Commons constituency of South Norfolk.

The Westbury by-election, 1906 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Westbury in Wiltshire on 26 February 1906.

Patten was elevated to the peerage, becoming Lord Winmarleigh, causing a by-election. Stanley was appointed Secretary of State for War, requiring a by-election.

The Millicent state by-election, 1968 was a by-election held on 22 June 1968 for the South Australian House of Assembly seat of Millicent.

The East Dorset by-election, 1921 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of East Dorset on 16 April 1921.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Henry Levy. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Christopher W. Baxter.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Eric Ollerenshaw. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. James E. Carswell.

The East Worcestershire by-election, 1892 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of East Worcestershire on 30 March 1892.

The North Dorset by-election, 1937 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of North Dorset on 13 July 1937.

The Birmingham North by-election, 1899 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Birmingham North on 14 February 1899.

The Chesterfield by-election, 1913 was a by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Chesterfield in Derbyshire on 20 August 1913.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Councillor Alex Feis-Bryce. The by-election was called following the resignation of Councillor Janet Daby.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Brenda J. Riddle. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Edward Cahill.

The West Derbyshire by-election, 1891 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of West Derbyshire on 2 June 1891.

The Bridgwater by-election, 1938 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Bridgwater, Somerset held on 17 November 1938.

The Aylesbury by-election, 1899 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire on 6 January 1899.

The Lancaster by-election, 1928 was a parliamentary by-election held in England for the House of Commons constituency of Lancaster on 9 February 1928.

The Faversham by-election, 1928 was a parliamentary by-election held in January 1928 for the British House of Commons constituency of Faversham, in Kent.

Seymour resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds in order to contest a by-election at Antrim, causing a by-election.

Bates was removed upon petition, causing a by- election. Clarke Macliver Strachey Clarke was appointed Solicitor General for England and Wales, requiring a by-election.

The Penistone by-election, 1921 was a by-election held on 5 March 1921 for the British House of Commons constituency of Penistone in Yorkshire.

The North Dorset by-election, 1957 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of North Dorset on 27 June 1957.

The Leeds Central by-election, 1923 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Leeds Central on 26 July 1923.

The Colne Valley by-election, 1963 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Colne Valley on 21 March 1963.

The East Worcestershire by-election, 1902 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of East Worcestershire on 15 August 1902.

The Lewisham West by-election, 1921 was a by-election held on 13 September 1921 for the British House of Commons constituency of Lewisham West.

The North Cornwall by-election, 1939 was a parliamentary by-election held on 13 July 1939 for the House of Commons constituency of North Cornwall.

The Flinders state by-election, 1901 was a by-election held on 8 June 1901 for the South Australian House of Assembly seat of Flinders.

The Warringah by-election was held on the same day as the Mackellar by-election triggered by the resignation of sitting Liberal member Jim Carlton.

The Wansbeck by-election, 1918 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Wansbeck in Northumberland on 28 May 1918.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Joseph P. Dawson. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Neil Semple.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Pete Pattisson. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Joseph K. Folorunso.

The by- election was called following the resignation of Councillor Alex Feis-Bryce. The by-election was called following the resignation of Councillor Janet Daby.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Michael B. Forsyth. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Francis Maude.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Audrey R. Lewis. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Vincenzo Rampulla.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Graem Peters. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Robert J. Yeldham.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Antony C. Glover. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Guy Mortimer.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Jonathan J. Maiden. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Iain Coleman.

The by-election was called following the disqualification of Cllr. Stephen J. Hamilton. The by- election was called following the death of Cllr. Caroline Donald.

The Monmouth by-election, 1939 was a by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Monmouth in Wales on 25 July 1939.

The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. William Golden. The by- election was called following the disqualification of Cllr. Terence G. Pope.

The South Shields by-election, 1916 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of South Shields on 18 March 1916.

The Spalding by-election, 1917 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Spalding in Lincolnshire on 25 October 1917.

The Skipton by-election, 1944 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Skipton, Yorkshire held on 7 January 1944.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. George Watt. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. William A. Hillhouse.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Nancy Bone. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Robert A. Dilley.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. James B. Garwood. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. David Mason.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Terence J. Daniels. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Jennifer Willott.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Tony Giles. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Leslie D. Mutch.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Tariq M. Ahmad. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Gam Gurung.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Arnold Kinzley. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Nancy H. Thurgood.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. David A. Masters. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Linda Perham.

Kinloch's death caused a by-election. Parnell was appointed as Paymaster-General of the Land Forces and Treasurer of the Navy, requiring a by-election.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Graham E. Sewell. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. John Walker.

The Rochdale by-election, 1940 was a by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Rochdale in Lancashire on 20 July 1940.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr John Toomey. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Ronald Raymond-Cox.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Peter G. Day. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Shelley Burke.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Justin Barnard. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr John K. Dickie.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Louisa P. Woodley. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Valerie Shawcross.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Alexander Burridge. The by- election was called following the death of Cllr. Mary M. Walker.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. William Hibble. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Edward J. Reed.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Trevor A. Watson. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Raymond Gowland.

The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Margot C. James. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Marianne Alapini.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Mark P. Daley. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Barry Phelps.

The by- election was called following the death of Cllr. Robert Hetherington. The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Honor J. Graham.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Sophie E. Hosking. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Peter Downham.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Brian H. Castle. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Sonika Nirwal.

The Reading by-election, 1910 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Reading in Berkshire on 12 March 1910.

Pringle was appointed a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury, requiring a by-election. Pringle resigned after being appointed Clerk of Sesines, causing a by- election.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Arthur Sanders. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Arthur M. Praag.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Lutfur R. Ali. The by-election was called following the disqualification of Cllr. Nasir Uddin.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Lutfur Rahman. The by-election was called following the disqualification of Cllr. Ms. Shelina Akhtar.

Bridgeman succeeded to the peerage, becoming 3rd Earl of Bradford, causing a by-election. Herbert was appointed Treasurer of the Household, requiring a by-election.

The Middlesbrough West by-election, 1945 was a parliamentary by-election held on 14 May 1945 for the House of Commons constituency of Middlesbrough West.

The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Anthony T. Johnson. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Gavin Alexander.

The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Paul Connolly. The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Anthony P. Hewitt.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Liz Atkinson. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Sam J. Townend.

The Bodmin by-election, 1906 was a by-election held on 24 July 1906 for the British House of Commons constituency of Bodmin in Cornwall.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Janet R. Cowan. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Dhirajlal Lavingia.

The Brooklyn by-election 1951 was a by-election held in the electorate in Wellington during the 29th New Zealand Parliament, on 17 February 1951.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Edward J. U. Lister. The by- election was called following the resignation of Lucy Allan.

The Howdenshire by-election, 1926 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Howdenshire in Yorkshire on 25 November 1926.

The Greenock by-election, 1936 was a by-election held on 26 November 1936 for the House of Commons constituency of Greenock in Renfrewshire, Scotland.

The Kilmarnock by-election, 1946 was a by-election held on 5 December 1946 for the British House of Commons constituency of Kilmarnock in Ayrshire.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Peter Caldwell. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Edward J. Pauling.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Michael F. Hoban. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Antony Louki.

Knatchbull was appointed Paymaster General, causing a by-election. Knatchbull resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, causing a by- election.

Plumptre resigned, causing a by- election. Dering resigned due to ill health, causing a by-election."Election Intelligence." Times [London, England] 3 October 1857: 8.

The Kilmarnock by-election, 1933 was a by-election held on 2 November 1933 for the British House of Commons constituency of Kilmarnock in Ayrshire.

The Louth by-election, 1921 was a by-election held on 22 September 1921 for the British House of Commons constituency of Louth in Lincolnshire.

The Darwen by-election, 1943 was a by-election held on 15 December 1943 for the British House of Commons constituency of Darwen in Lancashire.

The 1994 Mackellar by-election was held in the Australian electorate of Mackellar in New South Wales on 26 March 1994. The by-election was triggered by the resignation of the sitting member, the Liberal Party of Australia's Jim Carlton on 14 January 1994. The writ for the by-election was issued on 18 February 1994. On the same day a by-election was held in Warringah.

The Dumfriesshire by-election, 1935 was a by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Dumfriesshire in Scotland on 12 September 1935. The by-election was won by the National Liberal Party candidate Sir Henry Fildes. It was the last by-election of the 1931–1935 Parliament. Only six weeks later, on 25 October, Parliament was dissolved for the 1935 general election.

The by- election was called following the resignation of Councillor Claire Maugham. The by-election was called following the resignation of Councillor Helen Hayes, the Member of Parliament for Dulwich and West Norwood. The by election was called following the resignation of Councillor Neil Coyle, the Member of Parliament for Bermondsey and Old Southwark. The by-election was called following the resignation of Councillor Lisa Rajan.

Keating resigned after being appointed a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, causing a by-election. Pigott resigned after being appointed Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man, causing a by-election. Pigott resigned after being appointed a Judge of the Court of the Exchequer, causing a by-election. Shaw-Lefevre was appointed a Civil Lord of the Admiralty, requiring a by-election.

Spencer-Churcill succeeded to the peerage, becoming 6th Duke of Marlborough and causing a by-election. Thesiger was appointed Solicitor-General for England and Wales and decided to contest Abingdon, causing a by-election. Spencer-Churchill resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, causing a by-election. Loftus succeeded to the peerage, becoming 3rd Marquess of Ely and causing a by- election.

The Southern Māori by-election of 1967 was a by-election for the electorate of Southern Maori on 11 March 1967 during the 35th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election resulted from the death of the previous member Sir Eruera Tirikatene on 11 January 1967. The by-election was won by his daughter Whetu Tirikatene (later Whetu Tirikatene-Sullivan), also of the Labour Party.

The 1883 Bruce by-election was a by-election held on 29 June in the electorate during the 8th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the death on 16 May of the incumbent MP James Rutherford. On a show of hands Mr Gillies won, but the third candidate William A. Mosley demanded a poll. The by- election was won by James McDonald.

The 1879 Eastern Maori by-election was a by-election held on 7 July in the electorate during the 6th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the death on 24 February of the incumbent MP Karaitiana Takamoana. The by- election was won by Henare Tomoana. Henare Matua was seen by some as the "Government candidate" and a leader of the "Repudiation" faction.

The 1995 Canberra by-election was held in the Australian electorate of Canberra in Australian Capital Territory on 25 March 1995. The by-election was triggered by the resignation of the sitting member, the Australian Labor Party's Ros Kelly on 30 January 1995. The writ for the by-election was issued on 17 February 1995. The by-election was won by Liberal Party candidate Brendan Smyth.

The 1994 Kooyong by-election was held in the Australian electorate of Kooyong in Victoria on 19 November 1994. The by-election was triggered by the resignation of the sitting member, the Liberal Party of Australia's Andrew Peacock on 16 August 1994. The writ for the by-election was issued on 17 September 1994. The by-election was won by Liberal Party candidate Petro Georgiou.

A by-election was called to replace former premier Ralph Klein, who vacated the seat, after retiring as premier of Alberta. He was considered a "prime candidate" in the by-election, according to Don Braid, of the Calgary Herald., and won the by-election by approximately 800 votes. The constituency had previously elected Progressive Conservative candidates in every election and by-election since 1971.

A by-election was held in the Cook Islands electorate of Murienua on 19 February 2014. The by-election was precipitated by the resignation of the winner of the 2013 Murienua by-election following allegations of election fraud. Both candidates in the 2013 by-election indicated that they would run again. A "stand-in" candidate for the Cook Islands Party, Tare Mareiti, subsequently withdrew.

A by-election was held in the Cook Islands electorate of Murienua on 19 September 2013. The by-election was precipitated by the resignation of sitting MP Tom Marsters following his appointment as Queen's Representative. Planning for the by-election began immediately following the announcement of Marsters' appointment. Initially the by-election was expected to happen in August, but it was later delayed until September.

The 1872 City of Nelson by-election was a by-election held on 27 May 1872 in the electorate during the 5th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Martin Lightband. The by- election was won by David Luckie. His victory was described as a victory for the government; his opponents were James Crowe Richmond and Alfred Saunders.

The Waitaki by-election 1962 was a by-election held in the electorate in South Canterbury and North Otago during the term of the 33rd New Zealand Parliament, on 10 March 1962. The by-election was caused by the death of incumbent MP Thomas Hayman of the National Party on 2 January 1962. The by-election was won by Alan Dick, also of the National Party.

The 1864 Franklin by-election was a by-election held on 13 October 1864 in the electorate during the 3rd New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the death of the incumbent MP Marmaduke Nixon on 27 May 1864, killed during the New Zealand Wars. The by-election was won by Theodore Haultain. As no other candidates were nominated, he was declared duly elected.

The 1863 Akaroa by-election was a by-election held on 30 October 1863 during the 3rd New Zealand Parliament in the Canterbury electorate of . The by- election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Augustus White on 28 August 1863. The by-election was won by Lancelot Walker. It appears that there were no other candidates, and he was declared duly elected.

The 1867 Lyttelton by-election was a by-election held on 1 July 1867 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the Canterbury electorate of . The by- election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Edward Hargreaves. The by-election was won by George Macfarlan. Another candidate—George Agar—was proposed, but did not find a seconder, hence Macfarlan was declared elected.

The 1870 Caversham by-election was a by-election held on 25 April 1870 in the electorate in the Otago region of New Zealand during the 4th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent Arthur John Burns, on 25 March 1870. The by-election was won by James McIndoe. He was opposed by: William Cutten, John Graham and William Robertson.

The 1879 Coleridge by-election was a by-election held on 8 May 1879 in the electorate in the Canterbury region of New Zealand during the 6th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Cathcart Wason on 14 April 1879. The by-election was won by George Hart. He was unopposed, and "little interest was taken in the election".

The Manchester Exchange by-election of 27 June 1973 was held after the death of William Griffiths on 14 April of the same year. The Labour Party won the by-election in what had traditionally been a safe seat.Result from previous election Due to an administrative oversight, the by-election was held on a Wednesday, rather than the Thursday which had been usual since the mid-1960s. Only one by-election since has been held on a day other than a Thursday, the 1978 Hamilton by-election.

The Lewisham West by-election, 1938 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Lewisham West on 24 November 1938.

The Enfield Southgate by-election, 1984 was a parliamentary by-election held on 13 December 1984 for the British House of Commons constituency of Enfield Southgate.

The Pontefract by-election, 1919 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Pontefract in Yorkshire on 6 September 1919.

Pigot was appointed Attorney General for Ireland, requiring a by-election. Pigot resigned after being appointed Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer, causing a by-election.

Dowse was appointed Solicitor-General for Ireland, requiring a by-election. Dowse resigned after being appointed Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer, causing a by-election.

The Islington East by-election, 1917 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Islington East held on 23 October 1917.

The Rochester by-election, 1903 was a parliamentary by-election held in England in September 1903 for the House of Commons constituency of Rochester in Kent.

Harcourt was appointed Solicitor General for England and Wales, causing a by-election. Cardwell succeeded to the peerage, becoming Viscount Cardwell and causing a by-election.

Adam was appointed a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury, requiring a by-election. Adam was appointed a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury, requiring a by-election.

The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Nicola A. Kutapan. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Victor D. Jones.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Paul D. L. Baichoo. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Anne Yates.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Tayo A. Situ. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Ms. Helen Morrissey.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. John V. Hill. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Robert A. Dick.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Robert E. Owen. The by-election was called following the disqualification of Cllr. Pierre S. Royan.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Paul A. Thomas. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Irfan S. Malik.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Ms. Maureen Middleton. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Alan R. Laing.

The Dulwich by-election, 1932 was a by-election held on 8 June 1932 for the British House of Commons constituency of Dulwich in South London.

Keating was appointed Solicitor General for England and Wales, requiring a by-election. Keating was appointed Solicitor General for England and Wales, requiring a by-election.

The Barnstaple by-election, 1910 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Barnstaple in North Devon on 2 March 1910.

In 2005 Bharsakale Joined congress with Narayan Rane and faced by-election. Bharsakale won the by-election as congress candidate against Balasaheb Hingnikar a Shivsena Candidate.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Norman F. Symonds. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Ruby M. Latham.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Brian M. Clarke. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Wayne A. Redgrave.

The 1890 Bassetlaw by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Bassetlaw in Nottinghamshire on 15 December 1890.

The Wansbeck by-election, 1940 was a by-election held in England on 22 July 1940 for the House of Commons constituency of Wansbeck in Northumberland.

The Aylesbury by-election, 1885 was a by-election held on Thursday 16 July 1885 for the British House of Commons constituency of Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire.

The Middlesbrough West by-election, 1928 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Middlesbrough West on 7 March 1928.

The Southampton by-election, 1917 was a by-election held on 19 December 1917 for the House of Commons constituency of Southampton, a two-member seat.

The Dulwich by-election, 1903 was a by-election held on 15 December 1903 for the British House of Commons constituency of Dulwich in South London.

The Caernarvon Boroughs by-election, 1890 was a parliamentary by-election held on 10 April 1890 for the British House of Commons constituency of Caernarvon Boroughs.

The Eccles by-election, 1890 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Eccles in Lancashire on 22 October 1890.

The Rossendale by-election, 1900 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Rossendale in Lancashire on 13 February 1900.

The Anglesey by-election, 1907 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Anglesey in North Wales on 21 August 1907.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Jonathan E. M. Stratford. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Mary Watts.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Roger M. Hayes. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Anthony B. Blurton.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. David M. Edwards. The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Marc L. Woodall.

The Prestwich by-election, January 1918 was a by-election held on 31 January 1918 for the British House of Commons constituency of Prestwich in Lancashire.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Ann F. Wheelock. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Frank J. Barratt.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Ian S. Clement. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Alfred W. Catterall.

The Birmingham Aston by-election, 1939 was a parliamentary by-election held on 17 May 1939 for the British House of Commons constituency of Birmingham Aston.

The Colne Valley by-election, 1939 was a parliamentary by-election held on 27 July 1939 for the British House of Commons constituency of Colne Valley.

The Buckingham by-election of 1937 was a by-election held on 11 June 1937 for the British House of Commons constituency of Buckingham in Buckinghamshire.

The Wycombe by-election, 1868, was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of the Wycombe in Buckinghamshire on 11 April 1868.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Delphine C. Lock. The by-election was called following the disqualification of Cllr. Patrick B. Kane.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Sarah S. Wallace. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Richard S. Aitken.

The by-election was called following the disqualification of Cllr. Eleanor D. Pinfold. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Christopher P. Dunlop.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Marc O. Morgan-Huws. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. John Macdonald.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Rachel E. Whittaker. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Patricia M. Kirwan.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Kevin A. Gardner. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Michael G. Vearncombe.

The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Colin Barrow. The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Harvey C. J. Marshall.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Edward J. C. Argar. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Nilavra Mukerji.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Karen P. Buck. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Andrew H. Dismore.

The Rossendale by-election, 1904 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Rossendale in Lancashire on 15 March 1904.

Troubridge was appointed a Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty, requiring a by-election. Rivett-Carnac resigned after being appointed Governor of Bombay, requiring a by-election.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Montague I. Blazey. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Reginald G. Adams.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Stephen R. Oxenbridge. The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. David M. Dear.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Stephen J. Greenhalgh. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Ms. Jean Campbell.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Sheila M. Murphy. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. William A. Blackburne.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Nicola A. Kutapan. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Victor D. Jones.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Paul D. L. Baichoo. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Anne Yates.

The South Shields by-election, 1918 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of South Shields on 28 October 1918.

Noel was appointed a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury, requiring a by-election. Heathcote succeeded to the peerage, becoming Lord Aveland and causing a by-election.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Peter J. Glasspool. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Michael L. Page.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. David T. Williams. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Kathryn E. Nicholls.

The by- election was called following the death of Cllr. David R. Proctor. The by- election was called following the death of Cllr. Arthur M. Kennedy.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Brian R. Myers. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Thomas F. Cobb.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Keith E. Axon. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Gary D. Scottow.

The Maidstone by-election, 1901 was a by-election held in England on 1 March 1901 for the House of Commons constituency of Maidstone in Kent.

Williams-Wynn's death caused a by-election. Williams-Wynn was appointed Steward of the Queen's Lordships and Manors of Bromfield and Yale, requiring a by-election.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Christopher J. Mullen. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Gulab S. Sharma.

The by- election was called following the disqualification of Cllr. Mark J. Chester. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Timothy J. Freeman.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Norman H. Nunn-Price. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Solveig Stone.

The East Norfolk by-election, 1939 was a parliamentary by-election held on 26 January 1939 for the British House of Commons constituency of East Norfolk.

The Tiverton by-election, 1923 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Tiverton in Devon on 21 June 1923.

The incumbent was Geoffrey Wainwright for the Conservative Party. The by-election was triggered by his sudden death.Conservative Hardy wins Skircoat by- election. The Halifax Courier.

The Ogmore by-election, 1946 was a parliamentary by-election held on 4 June 1946 for the British House of Commons constituency of Ogmore in Wales.

It was the first Westminster by-election to take place in the month of August since the second Fermanagh and South Tyrone by-election of 1981.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Susan T. Taylor. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. David L. Congdon.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Anthony J. Slatcher. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Ann A. Allan.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Alison J. Roberts. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Geraint R. Davies.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Paula M. Shaw. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Jonathan M. Driver.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Julia H. Engwell. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. William E. Bellamy.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Alan R. Beadle. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Ernest A. Turner.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Terence P. Power. The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Stephen W. Churchman.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Alastair Hannah-Rogers. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Joseph A. Butler.

The Anglesey by-election, 1837 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Anglesey in North Wales on 23 February 1837.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Ann E. Bond. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Benjamin T. Bousquet.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Robert A. Weems. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Elizabeth A. Russell.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Henry H. Allen. The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Anthony C. John.

Tara S. Dyal. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Jasbinder K. Birt. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Hilary J. Benn. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Judith E. Field.

The Taranaki by-election of 1907 was a by-election for the electorate of Taranaki held on 14 May 1907 during the 16th New Zealand Parliament.

The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. David L. Yorath. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Paul A. Matthews.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Sarah A. Ludford. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Milton K. Babulall.

The Beaconsfield by-election, 1982 was a parliamentary by-election held on 27 May 1982 for the British House of Commons constituency of Beaconsfield in Buckinghamshire.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Belinda J. Knowles. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Mohammed S. Ahmed.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Margaret R. Atkins. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Brenda M. Collins.

The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Ivan F. Walker. The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. David J. Chapman.

The Kennedy colonial by-election, 1865 was a by-election held on 18 March 1865 in the electoral district of Kennedy for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The Mitchell colonial by-election, 1865 was a by-election held on 25 March 1865 in the electoral district of Mitchell for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The Warrego colonial by-election, 1865 was a by-election held on 25 March 1865 in the electoral district of Warrego for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The 1865 Burnett colonial by-election was a by-election held on 13 May 1865 in the electoral district of Burnett for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The Altrincham by-election, 1933 was a parliamentary by-election held on 14 June 1933 for the British House of Commons constituency of Altrincham in Cheshire.

Douglas was appointed Comptroller of the Household, requiring a by-election. Douglas succeeded to the peerage, becoming 8th Marquess of Queensberry and causing a by-election.

The Middlesbrough West by-election, 1940 was a parliamentary by-election held on 7 August 1940 for the British House of Commons constituency of Middlesbrough West.

The Kennedy colonial by-election, 1869 was a by-election held on 10 July 1869 in the electoral district of Kennedy for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The Rockhampton colonial by-election, 1869 was a by-election held on 6 December 1869 in the electoral district of Rockhampton for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The Warrego colonial by-election, 1870 was a by-election held on 5 January 1870 in the electoral district of Warrego for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The Mitchell colonial by-election, 1870 was a by-election held on 8 February 1870 in the electoral district of Mitchell for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The Clermont colonial by-election, 1870 was a by-election held on 4 May 1870 in the electoral district of Clermont for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The Rockhampton colonial by-election, 1870 was a by-election held on 20 June 1870 in the electoral district of Rockhampton for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The Mitchell colonial by-election, 1866 was a by-election held on 22 February 1866 in the electoral district of Mitchell for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The Ipswich colonial by-election, 1866 was a by-election held on 4 August 1866 in the electoral district of Ipswich for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The Swansea East by-election, 1919 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Swansea East on 10 July 1919.

The Warwick colonial by-election, 1862 was a by-election held on 4 February 1862 in the electoral district of Warwick for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The Maranoa colonial by-election, 1864 was a by-election held on 27 September 1864 in the electoral district of Maranoa for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The Maryborough colonial by-election, 1865 was a by-election held on 1 February 1865 in the electoral district of Maryborough for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The Rockhampton colonial by-election, 1865 was a by-election held on 1 February 1865 in the electoral district of Rockhampton for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The Clermont colonial by-election, 1865 was a by-election held on 18 March 1865 in the electoral district of Clermont for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The Leichhardt colonial by-election, 1864 was a by-election held on 14 April 1864 in the electoral district of Leichhardt for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Alan M. White. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Michael D. Cruickshanks.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Ms. Ruth Ling. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Kingsley J. Abrams.

The Caernarvon Boroughs by-election, 1945 was a parliamentary by-election held on 26 April 1945 for the British House of Commons constituency of Caernarvon Boroughs.

The 1940 Kettering by-election was a parliamentary by-election held on 6 March 1940 for the British House of Commons constituency of Kettering in Northamptonshire.

The Nottingham Central by-election, 1930 was a parliamentary by-election held on 27 May 1930 for the British House of Commons constituency of Nottingham Central.

The Cardiff East by-election, 1942 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Cardiff East on 13 April 1942.

The Mitchell colonial by-election, 1867 was a by-election held on 4 January 1867 in the electoral district of Mitchell for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The Rockhampton colonial by-election, 1867 was a by-election held on 27 July 1867 in the electoral district of Rockhampton for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The Clermont colonial by-election, 1868 was a by-election held on 22 June 1868 in the electoral district of Clermont for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The Leichhardt colonial by-election, 1868 was a by-election held on 29 June 1868 in the electoral district of Leichhardt for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The Clermont colonial by-election, 1869 was a by-election held on 4 March 1869 in the electoral district of Clermont for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The 1869 Burnett colonial by-election was a by-election held on 21 April 1869 in the electoral district of Burnett for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Richard J. Denney. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Charles D. Green.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Ronald P. Grant. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Howard C. Cooper.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Ann L. Swaine. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Antony C. Cocksedge.

The Sydenham by-election 1974 was a by-election held in the electorate during the term of the 37th New Zealand Parliament on 2 November 1974.

The Tyne Bridge by-election, 1985 was a parliamentary by-election held on 5 December 1985 for the British House of Commons constituency of Tyne Bridge.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Giles J. Brennand. The by-election was called following the disqualification of Cllr. Kenneth L. Kear.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Sidney T. Nicholson. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Marian O. Moseley.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Michael A. Hayes. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Douglas B. Ellison.

The Nelson by-election was a by-election in the New Zealand electorate of Nelson a predominantly urban seat at the top of the South Island.

The 1984 Cynon Valley by-election was a parliamentary by-election held on 3 May 1984 for the British House of Commons constituency of Cynon Valley.

The Darlington by-election, 1923 was a by-election held on 28 February 1923 for the British House of Commons constituency of Darlington in County Durham.

The by- election was called following the death of Cllr. Walter J. Hill. The by- election was called following the death of Cllr. John S. Gray.

The Darlington by-election, 1926 was a by-election held on 17 February 1926 for the British House of Commons constituency of Darlington in County Durham.

The by-election was also noted for the performance of independent candidate Sidney Wright, the debut of the Ecology PartyGreen Party history, Derek Wall and the split of the far right vote due to the appearance of both the National Front and their splinter group the National Party on the ballots.M. Walker, The National Front, Glasgow: Fontana Collins, 1977 The Liberal Party could take only fifth place, their worst ever placing in a by-election in England. The party had previously come fifth in Wales in the 1972 Merthyr Tydfil by-election, and next placed so low at the 1989 Glasgow Central by-election. The by-election also saw a record number of candidates, beating the long-standing record of seven who contested the 1920 Stockport by-election, where two seats were available, a total first reached in a single-member by-election in the 1962 Dorset South by-election.

The Teenui-Mapumai by-election was a by-election in the Cook Islands electorate of Teenui–Mapumai. It took place on 8 June 2006, and was precipitated by the retirement of Upoko Simpson. The by-election was won by Speaker of the Cook Islands Parliament Norman George.

Russell was disqualified due to his holding of a government contract at the time of the election, causing a by-election. Dalrymple was appointed a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury, requiring a by-election. Robertson was appointed as Solicitor General for Scotland, requiring a by-election.

Another by-election was held on February 3, 1892 after the votes in the previous election were declared void. He won this by-election and again the election was declared void on November 11, 1892 and yet again he won another by-election on December 13, 1892.

The Bodmin by-election, 1922 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons. The constituency of Bodmin in Cornwall polled on 24 February 1922. The by-election was notable for the opposition Liberal Party gaining a seat from the Coalition supporting Conservative Party.

Former Liberal Premier Rob Kerin resigned in November 2008, which triggered a 2009 Frome by-election. Independent Geoff Brock won the seat, reducing the Liberals to 14 of 47 seats. A 2012 Ramsay by-election and a 2012 Port Adelaide by-election saw Labor retain both seats.

The Kilmarnock by-election, 1929 was a by-election held on 27 November 1929 for the British House of Commons constituency of Kilmarnock in Ayrshire. The first Scottish by-election since the general election in May 1929, it was won by the Labour Party candidate Craigie Aitchison.

The Bruce by-election 1862 was a by-election held in the multi-member electorate during the 3rd New Zealand Parliament, on 31 July 1862. The by- election was caused by the death of incumbent MP Charles Kettle on 5 June, and was won by Edward Cargill.

The Dunedin Country by-election 1858 was a by-election held in the multi- member Dunedin Country electorate during the 2nd New Zealand Parliament, on 16 June 1858. The by-election was caused by the resignation of incumbent MP John Cargill and was won by John Taylor.

The 1920 Stratford by-election was a by-election during the 20th New Zealand Parliament for the rural Taranaki seat of . The by-election was called following the previous election being declared void, invalidating the preceding 1919 general election results. It was held on 6 May 1920.

The Louth by-election, 1920 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Louth in Lincolnshire. Voting was held on 3 June 1920. The by-election took place 5 days after the Louth Flood of 29 May 1920 had claimed 23 lives.

O'Connnell resigned after being appointed assistant registrar of deeds, causing a by-election. O'Connell was also elected for and opted to sit there, causing a by-election.

Young was appointed Chief Secretary of Ireland, requiring a by-election. Young resigned after being appointed Lord High Commissioner of the Ionian Islands, causing a by-election.

The Glasgow Queen's Park by-election, 1982 was a parliamentary by-election held on 2 December 1982 for the House of Commons constituency of Glasgow Queen's Park.

Trevelyan was appointed Chief Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, requiring a by-election. Trevelyan was appointed Secretary of State for Scotland, requiring a by-election.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. John J. Friary. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Ms. Keadean M. Rhoden.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Thomas A. Brake. The by-election was called following the disqualification of Cllr. Ali M. B. Uddin.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Georgina M. C. Nicholas. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Andrew S. Buttress.

The Gorton by-election, 1889 was a parliamentary by-election held on 22 March 1889 for the British House of Commons in the Gorton Division of Lancashire.

The Edinburgh South by-election, 1910 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Edinburgh South in Scotland on 29 April 1910.

The Edinburgh South by-election, 1917 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Edinburgh South in Scotland on 12 May 1917.

The Edinburgh South by-election, 1899 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Edinburgh South in Scotland on 19 June 1899.

The Manchester North East by-election, 1918 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Manchester North East on 16 July 1918.

The City of Dunedin by-election 1897 was a by-election held in the multi- member electorate during the 13th New Zealand Parliament, on 13 October 1897.

Collier was appointed Recorder of Bristol, causing a by-election. Collier resigned after being appointed a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, causing a by-election.

Pakington was appointed Secretary of State for War and the Colonies, requiring a by- election. Pakington was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty, requiring a by- election.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Ms. Frances M. Moseley. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Derek R. Osbourne.

This was Labour's first by-election win from a Conservative since the 1997 Wirral South by- election. At the 2015 general election, the Conservatives regained the seat.

The North Monaghan by-election, 1886 was a parliamentary by-election held for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of North Monaghan on 10 February 1886.

The Saffron Walden by-election, 1901 was a by-election held on 31 May 1901 for the British House of Commons constituency of Saffron Walden in Essex.

The Truro by-election 1878 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons of the United Kingdom constituency of Truro on 26 September 1878.

The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Keith A. Le Pia. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Brian A. Sams.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Valentine A. M. Morgan. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Margaret E. Flint.

Brand was appointed a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury, requiring a by-election. FitzRoy was appointed First Commissioner of Works and Public Buildings, requiring a by-election.

By-election caused by Edward Seymour becoming 12th Duke of Somerset. Seymour was appointed Commissioner of Woods, Forests, Land Revenues, Works, and Buildings, requiring a by-election.

The West Adelaide state by-election, 1901 was a by-election held on 1 June 1901 for the South Australian House of Assembly seat of West Adelaide.

The Carmarthen by-election, 1928 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Carmarthen in West Wales on 28 June 1928.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Ms. Jennifer E. Campbell-Klomps. The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Brendan Hudson.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Thomas L. Fowler. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Theodore J. B. Yard.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Sheila A. Humphreys. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Paul J. H. Booth.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. George R. Taylor. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Ms. Diana L. Macmull.

Percy was appointed a Civil Lord of the Admiralty, requiring a by- election. Percy was appointed Vice-President of the Board of Trade, requiring a by-election.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Andrew R. G. Robathan. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Kenneth J. Burlton.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. June A. Anderson. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Hugh B. S. Jones.

"BY-ELECTION FOR KATANNING: Nationalist Candidate Unlikely" – The Daily News. Published 5 August 1935."LABOR STANDING OUT: Katanning By-election" – The Daily News. Published 8 August 1935.

The Liverpool Kirkdale by-election, 1915 was a parliamentary by-election held in England on 15 February 1915 for the House of Commons constituency of Liverpool Kirkdale.

The Liverpool Kirkdale by-election, 1898 was a parliamentary by-election held in England on 9 December 1898 for the House of Commons constituency of Liverpool Kirkdale.

The Liverpool Kirkdale by-election, 1910 was a parliamentary by-election held in England on 20 July 1910 for the House of Commons constituency of Liverpool Kirkdale.

The Isle of Thanet by-election, 1919 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Isle of Thanet on 15 November 1919.

The Saffron Walden by-election, 1915 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Saffron Walden in Essex on 13 February 1915.

The Tottenham North by-election, 1945 was a by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Tottenham North in London on 13 December 1945.

The East Carmarthenshire by-election, 1890 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of East Carmarthenshire in West Wales in August 1890.

A by- election was held, but was subsequently found to be invalid as a result of discrepancies in voter registrations, precipitating the 2000 Pukapuka-Nassau by-election.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Simon C. J. McDonald. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Mary C. Helsdon.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Sherwan H. Chowdhury. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Bruce T. H. Marshall.

Pigot's election was declared void on petition due to bribery, causing a by-election. Whitmore was appointed a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury, requiring a by-election.

The by-election was caused by the resignation of Councillor Jan Mohan, citing health reasons. The by- election was caused by the resignation of Councillor David Smith.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Ms. Michelle M. Coupland. The by-election was called following the disqualification of Cllr. Ms. Joan Coupland.

The Govan by-election, 1910 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of the Govan Division of Lanarkshire on 28 April 1910.

The Liverpool Everton by-election, 1892 was a parliamentary by-election held in England on 15 February 1892 for the House of Commons constituency of Liverpool Everton.

Strutt was appointed Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, requiring a by-election. Strutt was elevated to the peerage, becoming 1st Baron Belper, requiring a by-election.

The Clermont colonial by-election, September 1866 was a by-election held on 11 September 1866 in the electoral district of Clermont for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The Clermont colonial by-election, November 1866 was a by-election held on 13 November 1866 in the electoral district of Clermont for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The St Ives by-election, 1928 was a by-election held on 6 March 1928 for the British House of Commons constituency of St Ives in Cornwall.

The Carmarthen by-election, 1882 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Carmarthen Boroughs in West Wales on 4 January 1882.

The Mid Lanarkshire by-election, 1888 was a parliamentary by-election held on 27 April 1888 for the House of Commons constituency of Mid Lanarkshire in Scotland.

The Carmarthen by-election, 1924 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Carmarthen in West Wales held on 14 August 1924.

The Liverpool East Toxteth by-election, 1929 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Liverpool East Toxteth on 19 March 1929.

Adderley was appointed President of the Board of Trade, requiring a by- election. Adderley was elevated to the peerage, becoming Lord Norton, and causing a by-election.

The Croydon South by-election, 1932 was a by-election held on 9 February 1932 for the British House of Commons constituency of Croydon South in Surrey.

The Ashton-under-Lyne by-election, 1916 was a by-election held on 23 December 1916 for the British House of Commons constituency of Ashton-under-Lyne.

The first woman to be elected in a by-election was Nancy Astor, who succeeded her husband at the 1919 Plymouth Sutton by-election, becoming the first woman to take her seat in the House of Commons. The first woman to gain a seat in a by-election was Susan Lawrence who won the 1926 East Ham North by-election, although she had previously sat for the same seat between 1923-4.1 The first woman to gain a seat ab initio in a by-election was Jennie Lee who won the 1929 North Lanarkshire by-election, at the same time becoming the first woman Baby of the House of Commons. Note 1 Mabel Philipson succeeded her husband at the 1923 Berwick-upon-Tweed by-election. He had been elected as a National Liberal Party candidate.

Michael Shaw, who had been the defeated candidate in 1959. However, Colin Jackson (the Labour candidate at the by-election) would go on to regain the seat for his party at the 1964 general election. This was the first seat gained by an incumbent government at a by-election since the 1953 Sunderland South by-election. Other than the special circumstances of the 1961 Bristol South-East by-election, awarded to the Conservatives by an Election Court, this feat was not repeated until the 1982 Mitcham and Morden by-election.

The electoral division of Casuarina in the Darwin/Palmerston area A by- election for the seat of Casuarina in the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly was held on 18 October 2014.2014 Casuarina by-election: Antony Green ABC The by-election was triggered by the resignation of Labor MP Kon Vatskalis, who retained the seat at the 2012 election with a 59.3 percent primary and two-party vote.Kon Vatskalis to Resign Causing Casuarina By- election: Antony Green ABC 30 July 2014 It was held on the same day as the 2014 Vasse by-election in Western Australia.

British Parliamentary elections are invariably held on a Thursday. The last by- election not held on a Thursday was the 1978 Hamilton by-election, held on Wednesday 31 May due to a World Cup opening match on the Thursday evening. Due to an administrative oversight, the 1973 Manchester Exchange by-election was held on Wednesday 27 June 1973. Prior to that, the last by-elections not held on a Thursday were the 1965 Saffron Walden by-election held on Tuesday 23 March, and the 1965 Roxburgh, Selkirk and Peebles by-election held the following day.

The Ripon by-election, 1973 was a parliamentary by-election held on 26 July 1973 for the British House of Commons constituency of Ripon. The by-election took place during the 1970s Liberal revival. This seat and Isle of Ely were gained on the same day, the third and fourth Liberal gains during the Parliament. This was the first time the Liberal Party had made two by-election gains on the same day, since winning both seats in a two-member constituency at the 1899 Oldham by-election.

The 1917 Bay of Islands by-election was a by-election held on 19 March 1917 during the 19th New Zealand Parliament in the Northland electorate of Bay of Islands. The by-election came about because Vernon Reed's win in the 1914 general election had been declared void by an electoral court, and Reed barred from standing for a year. The seat was won by William Stewart, Reed's Reform Party colleague, in the resulting 1915 by-election. When Reed became eligible again, Stewart resigned and Reed won the 1917 by-election unopposed.

The Isle of Ely by-election, 1973 was a parliamentary by-election held on 26 July 1973 for the British House of Commons constituency of Isle of Ely. The by-election took place during the 1970s Liberal Party revival. This seat and Ripon were gained on the same day, the third and fourth Liberal gains during the Parliament. This was the first time since 1899 that the Liberal Party had made two by-election gains on the same day, when it won both seats in a two- member constituency at the Oldham by-election.

The Selwyn by-election of 1884 was a by-election held on 15 February 1884 during the 8th New Zealand Parliament in the rural Canterbury electorate of . The by-election was caused by the death, on 18 December 1883, of the previous member of parliament Edward Lee, who had won the previous by-election in April 1883. The by-election was contested by John McLachlan and Edward Wakefield, the latter winning the show of hands at the nomination meeting. The election was won by Wakefield, with 479 votes to 316.

The Pahiatua by-election of 1977 was a by-election for the electorate of Pahiatua on 30 April 1977 during the 38th New Zealand Parliament. The by- election resulted from the resignation of the previous member Sir Keith Holyoake when he was appointed Governor-General. The by-election was won by John Falloon, also of the National Party. Hawke's Bay farmer Hamish Kynoch unsuccessfully sought the National nomination.

A by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Curtin on 19 April 1969. This was triggered by the resignation of Liberal MP Sir Paul Hasluck to become Governor-General. It was the first federal by- election to be held in Western Australia since the 1945 Fremantle by-election, and only the seventh since Federation. The by-election was won by Liberal candidate Victor Garland.

The 1901 Northern Maori by-election was a by-election for the seat of Northern Maori during the 14th New Zealand Parliament. The election was held on 9 January 1901. The sitting member Hone Heke Ngapua was declared bankrupt and had to resign from the seat. However following the precedent of Sir Joseph Ward in 1897 (see1897 Awarua by-election) he was eligible to stand in the resulting by-election.

The 1870 City of Christchurch by-election was a by-election held on 12 August 1870 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the Christchurch electorate of . The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP William Travers. The by-election was won by William Sefton Moorhouse. On the appointed day William Sefton Moorhouse was nominated, and as there were no other nominations he was declared elected.

The 1865 Raglan by-election was a by-election held on 19 April 1865 in the electorate during the 3rd New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Charles John Taylor on 1 April 1865. The by-election was won by William Thorne Buckland. As no other candidates were nominated, he was declared duly elected; Joseph Crispe had retired from the contest.

The 1865 Parnell by-election was a by-election held on 20 April 1865 in the electorate during the 3rd New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Reader Wood on 18 February 1865. The by-election was won by Robert James Creighton. As no other candidates were nominated, he was declared duly elected; Mr Creighton and Mr Coolahan had retired from the contest.

The 1877 Totara by-election was a by-election held on 30 April 1877 in the electorate on the West Coast of New Zealand during the 6th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the death of the incumbent MP George Henry Tribe on 19 March 1877. The by-election was won by William Gisborne. The polling place at Saltwater Creek recorded only a single vote (for Gisborne).

The 1875 Waikouaiti by-election was a by-election held on 3 May 1875 in the electorate during the 5th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP John Lillie Gillies. The by-election was won by George McLean, who had represented the electorate in 1871–72. He was opposed by Francis Rich who had previously represented the electorate in 1869–70.

The 1870 Parnell by-election was a by-election held on 12 May 1870 in the electorate during the 4th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Charles Heaphy on 13 April 1870. The by-election was won by Reader Wood, who had held the seat from 1861 to 1865. As no other candidates were nominated, he was declared duly elected.

The Edinburgh West by-election, 1941 was a by-election in the Edinburgh West which occurred on 12 July 1941. Ian Clark Hutchison stood for the Unionist Party. As he faced no opposition, he was declared elected. It remains the last uncontested by-election in Scotland to date.

The 1865 Wairarapa by-election was a by-election held on 29 July in the electorate in the Wairarapa during the 6th New Zealand Parliament. The by- election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, Charles Carter, who had returned to England. He was replaced by Henry Bunny.

Blendon & Penhill, 25 June 1998, was not a by-election, but a postponed election from May 1998 due to the death of a nominated candidate. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. David N. Ives. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr.

Pelham-Clinton was appointed Commissioners of Woods, Forests, Land Revenues, Works and Buildings, requiring a by-election. Pelham-Clinton was appointed Chief Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, requiring a by-election. Rolleston resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, causing a by-election.

Cresswell resigned after being appointed a judge of the Court of Common Pleas, causing a by-election. Election declared void on petition, due to bribery and treating by Mackenzie and Turner, causing a by-election. Liddell succeeded to the peerage, becoming 2nd Baron Ravensworth and causing a by-election.

The City of Auckland by-election 1858 was a by-election held in the electorate during the 2nd New Zealand Parliament, on 27 April 1858. The by-election was caused by the resignation of incumbent MP John Campbell and was won by Thomas Forsaith on a show of hands.

The Brecon and Radnor by-election, 1985 was a parliamentary by-election held on 4 July 1985 for the British House of Commons constituency of Brecon and Radnor.

The last by-election was the 2009 Frome by- election, when another former Premier, Rob Kerin, retired from politics. The seat was narrowly won by an independent candidate.

The South West Hertfordshire by-election, 1979 was a parliamentary by-election held on 13 December 1979 for the British House of Commons constituency of South West Hertfordshire.

The Bromley by-election, 1930 was a parliamentary by-election held on 2 September 1930 for the British House of Commons constituency of Bromley in north-west Kent.

The West Carmarthenshire by-election, 1908 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of West Carmarthenshire in West Wales on 26 February 1908.

The Mataura by-election, 1898 was a by-election held on 26 May 1898 during the 13th New Zealand Parliament in the rural lower South Island electorate of .

The Bruce by-election, 1892 was a by-election held on 4 May 1892 during the 11th New Zealand Parliament in the rural lower South Island electorate of .

The Chester-le-Street by-election, 1973 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Chester-le-Street on 1 March 1973.

The Chester-le-Street by-election, 1956 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Chester-le-Street on 27 September 1956.

The Derby by-election, 1886 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Derby, the county town of Derbyshire on 9 February 1886.

Pierrepont succeeded to the peerage, becoming Earl Manvers and causing a by-election. Stanhope succeeded to the peerage, becoming 7th Earl of Chesterfield and causing a by-election.

The Orkney and Shetland by-election, 1921 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Orkney and Shetland on 17 May 1921.

The Coatbridge and Airdrie by-election, 1982 was a parliamentary by-election held on 24 June 1982 for the British House of Commons constituency of Coatbridge and Airdrie.

The East Renfrewshire by-election, 1930 was a parliamentary by-election held on 28 November 1930 for the British House of Commons constituency of East Renfrewshire in Scotland.

The 1940 East Renfrewshire by-election was a parliamentary by-election held on 9 May 1940 for the British House of Commons constituency of East Renfrewshire in Scotland.

The previous lowest turnout for a large-scale by-election in the United Kingdom since the Second World War was 18.2%, in the 2012 Manchester Central by- election.

The Holland with Boston by-election, 1937 was a parliamentary by-election held on 24 June 1937 for the British House of Commons constituency of Holland with Boston.

Colleagues of Tony Gregory supported his election agent, Dublin City Councillor Maureen O'Sullivan at the Dublin Central by-election in June 2009. O'Sullivan won the subsequent by-election.

The St Ives by-election, 1937 was a by-election held in England on 30 June 1937 for the House of Commons constituency of St Ives in Cornwall.

The South West Surrey by-election, 1984 was a parliamentary by-election held on 3 May 1984 for the British House of Commons constituency of South West Surrey.

The East Moreton colonial by-election, 1870 was a by-election held on 19 February 1870 in the electoral district of East Moreton for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The West Moreton colonial by-election, 1870 was a by-election held on 25 June 1870 in the electoral district of West Moreton for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The Port Curtis colonial by-election, 1866 was a by-election held on 19 March 1866 in the electoral district of Port Curtis for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The West Moreton colonial by-election, 1866 was a by-election held on 11 September 1866 in the electoral district of West Moreton for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The West Moreton colonial by-election, 1860 was a by-election held on 9 July 1860 in the electoral district of West Moreton for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The East Moreton colonial by-election, 1860 was a by-election held on 27 October 1860 in the electoral district of East Moreton for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The Port Curtis colonial by-election, 1861 was a by-election held on 15 October 1861 in the electoral district of Port Curtis for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The Eastern Downs colonial by-election, 1862 was a by-election held on 2 May 1862 in the electoral district of Eastern Downs for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The West Moreton colonial by-election, 1862 was a by-election held on 15 December 1862 in the electoral district of West Moreton for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The Port Curtis colonial by-election, 1863 was a by-election held on 12 May 1863 in the electoral district of Port Curtis for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The Western Downs colonial by-election, 1864 was a by-election held on 2 November 1864 in the electoral district of Western Downs for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The East Moreton colonial by-election, 1863 was a by-election held on 26 September 1863 in the electoral district of East Moreton for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The Rhondda East by-election, 1933 was a parliamentary by-election held on 28 March 1933 for the British House of Commons constituency of Rhondda East in Wales.

The Berwick-upon-Tweed by-election, 1941 was a parliamentary by-election held on 18 August 1941 for the British House of Commons constituency of Berwick- upon-Tweed.

The Berwick-upon-Tweed by-election, 1944 was a parliamentary by-election held on 17 October 1944 for the British House of Commons constituency of Berwick- upon-Tweed.

The East Moreton colonial by-election, 1868 was a by-election held on 23 December 1868 in the electoral district of East Moreton for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The Otahuhu by-election 1963 was a by-election held in the electorate in Auckland during the term of the 33rd New Zealand Parliament, on 16 March 1963.

The Derby by-election, 1916 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Derby, the county town of Derbyshire on 29 December 1916.

The Newcastle-under-Lyme by-election, 1986 was a parliamentary by-election held on 17 July 1986 for the British House of Commons constituency of Newcastle-under-Lyme.

The Brighton by-election was a Parliamentary by-election. It was one of only eight ministerial by-elections in the UK not to be retained by the incumbent.

The Carmarthen Boroughs by-election, 1878 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Carmarthen Boroughs in West Wales on 11 May 1878.

A by-election was held in the Gold Fields electorate on 29 May 1865. The by- election was won by Charles Edward Haughton, who defeated two other candidates.

The Westminster Abbey by-election, 1939 was a parliamentary by-election held on 17 May 1939 for the British House of Commons constituency of Westminster Abbey in London.

The Bury St Edmunds by-election, 1944 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk on 29 February 1944.

The by- election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Harley F. W. Buckner. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Robert R. F. Kinghorn.

The New Zealand political blogging community viewed some aspects of the by-election as being very similar to the 1993 Tauranga by- election. That by-election was held on 17 April and the subsequent general election on 7 November, after Winston Peters resigned first from the National Party, following disagreements with its leadership, and then as an MP in order to seek a "fresh mandate" for his views. The Tauranga by-election was labelled by media and opposing parties as a 'Publicity stunt', as was this by-election. Claire Trevett of The New Zealand Herald saw Harawira's resignation to force the election as "a direct echo" of Tariana Turia's resignation to force the 2004 Te Tai Hauauru by-election.

Knox resigned due to ill health by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, causing a by-election. Knox resigned again by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, causing a by-election. Knox was appointed a Groom in Waiting to Queen Victoria, causing a by-election.

McHugh McHugh is unseated after being adjudicated bankrupt, but then wins the seat again at a by-election. McHugh is also elected MP for Sligo North and opts to sit there, causing a by-election. Dolan resigns, causing a by-election, in which he stood again as a Sinn Féin candidate.

The Riccarton by-election 1956 was a by-election held in the electorate in Christchurch during the term of the 31st New Zealand Parliament following the death of the Labour Party incumbent. The by-election, held on 27 October 1956, was won by Mick Connelly, also of the Labour Party.

The 1885 Bruce by-election was a by-election held on 5 August 1885 in the electorate during the 9th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was held after the resignation of Robert Gillies for health reasons. He had won the seat at the general . He was replaced by Donald Reid.

In fact, on 13 September a by-election writ was issued, but the next day House Speaker Jenny Lindell announced that she would discharge the writ citing significant expense to hold a by-election three weeks before the full state election.Speaker decides against Ivanhoe by-election, ABC News, 14 September 2010.

The 1918 Southern Maori by-election was a by-election during the 19th New Zealand Parliament. The election was held on 21 February 1918. The seat of Southern Maori became vacant following the death of the sitting member Taare Parata on 8 January. The by-election was won by Hopere Uru.

The Auckland East by-election was a by-election in the New Zealand electorate of Auckland East, an urban seat at the top of the North Island. The by- election was held on 16 June 1910, and was precipitated by the death of sitting Liberal member of parliament Frederick Baume.

The by-election in Newbury was the first by-election of the 1992–1997 parliament, and the first in a string of by- election losses for the Conservative Party who were in their fourth consecutive term of office. Until 1993 the seat had been held by a Conservative MP since 1924.

A by-election for the seat of Vaucluse in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly was held on 31 May 1986. The by-election was triggered by the resignation of Liberal member and Deputy Leader Rosemary Foot. The by-election for the seats of Pittwater was held on the same day.

The 1863 Hampden by-election was a by-election held on 2 July 1863 in the electorate during the 3rd New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, John Richard Jones. Frederick Wayne was declared elected unopposed, as he was the only candidate nominated.

On 19 November 1869, Archibald Archer, member for Rockhampton, resigned. Henry Milford won the resulting by-election on 6 December 1869, but did not take his seat in parliament. Eventually this triggered another by-election in June 1870; although Milford contested this by-election, he was defeated by Alexander Fyfe.

The Tongatapu by-election of 2005 was a by-election held to elect a new People's Representative to the Tongan Legislative Assembly. The vacancy occurred following the appointment of the incumbent, Feleti Sevele, to cabinet. The by-election was won by former Police Minister Clive Edwards. Results from Matangi Tonga.

Pleydell-Bouverie was appointed Vice-President of the Board of Trade, requiring a by-election. Pleydell-Bouverie was appointed President of the Poor Law Board, requiring a by-election.

The by- election was called following the disqualification of Cllr. Pauline Kerridge- Smith. The by-election was called following the resignations of Cllrs. Paul Foley and Francis P. Reedy.

Hope was appointed a commissioner of Greenwich Hospital, London, requiring a by-election. Hope resigned after being appointed Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man, causing a by-election.

The Keighley by-election, 1915 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Keighley in the West Riding of Yorkshire on 29 June 1915.

The Dundee by-election, 1917 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Dundee in the county of Angus held on 30 July 1917.

Twickenham in 1929 The Twickenham by-election, 1929 was a parliamentary by- election held on 8 August 1929 for the British House of Commons constituency of Twickenham in Middlesex.

Gladstone was also elected MP for Midlothian and opted to sit there, causing a by-election. Gladstone was appointed a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury, requiring a by-election.

The Antrim by-election, 1885 was a by-election held on Thursday 21 May 1885 for the British House of Commons constituency of Antrim in present-day Northern Ireland.

The West Derbyshire by-election, 1900 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons of the United Kingdom constituency of West Derbyshire on 11 December 1900.

Location of Pembroke in Tasmania Pembroke has been held by Jo Siejka of the Labor Party since a 2017 by-election. Swings are calculated from the 2017 by-election.

The Halifax by-election, 1907 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Halifax in the West Riding of Yorkshire on 6 March 1907.

The Inverness-shire by-election, 1917 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Inverness-shire in the Scottish Highlands on 2 January 1917.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Umesh Parekh. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllrs. Robert-John Tasker and James C. White.

The Cleveland by-election, 1902 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Cleveland in the North Riding of Yorkshire on 5 November 1902.

Chang has to vacate his assembly seat earlier to remain as Lok Sabha MP till the by-election is held for Noksen to avoid parliamentary by-election in Nagaland.

The by-election was called following the disqualification of Cllr. Sera Kentman. The by-election was called following the resignations of Cllrs. Simon C. Carter and Mark C. Morris.

The Chertsey by-election of 1937 was held on 2 July 1937. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Archibald Boyd- Carpenter.

Duffield resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, causing a by-election. Thesiger was appointed Attorney General for England and Wales, requiring a by-election.

The by-election following Rhys-Williams' death, from leukaemia, at the age of sixty, necessitated a by-election in which Kensington was held for the Conservatives by Dudley Fishburn.

Manners succeeded to the peerage, becoming 6th Duke of Rutland and causing a by- election. Manners was appointed First Commissioner of Works and Public Buildings, requiring a by-election.

The 1901 Caversham by-election was a by-election in the New Zealand electorate of Caversham, an urban seat in Dunedin at the south-east of the South Island.

The Brecon by-election of February 1866 was held on 27 February 1866. The by- election arose following the death of the previous Liberal MP, John Lloyd Vaughan Watkins.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Susan Bramley. The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Lawrence Bunn and the resignation of Cllr.

The Osgoldcross by-election, 1899 was a parliamentary by-election for the House of Commons constituency of Osgoldcross in the West Riding of Yorkshire held on 5 July 1899.

The Keighley by-election, 1918 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Keighley in the West Riding of Yorkshire on 26 April 1918.

The Chesterton by-election, 1915 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of the Chesterton or Western Division of Cambridgeshire on 13 February 1915.

The Chesterton by-election, 1916 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of the Chesterton or Western Division of Cambridgeshire on 20 January 1916.

The Barnard Castle by-election, 1903 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Barnard Castle, in County Durham, on 24 July 1903.

A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Sturt in November 1908. The by-election was triggered by the resignation of Arthur Griffith.

The West Moreton colonial by-election, January 1861 was a by-election held on 12 January 1861 in the electoral district of West Moreton for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The West Moreton colonial by-election, May 1861 was a by-election held on 31 May 1861 in the electoral district of West Moreton for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The Liverpool East Toxteth by-election, 1916 was a parliamentary by-election held in England on 21 February 1916 for the House of Commons constituency of Liverpool East Toxteth.

The Liverpool East Toxteth by-election, 1895 was a parliamentary by-election held in England on 29 November 1895 for the House of Commons constituency of Liverpool East Toxteth.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. William F. D. Hawkins. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr. Rev. Andrew P. B. White.

The Aberdeenshire and Kincardineshire Central by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Aberdeenshire and Kincardineshire Central on 16 April 1919.

The Combined English Universities by-election, 1937 was a parliamentary by- election for the British House of Commons dual member constituency of the Combined English Universities 22 March 1937.

The Middleton by-election, 1911 was a parliamentary by-election held on 2 August 1911 for the Middleton division of Lancashire, a constituency of the British House of Commons.

On December 16, 2004, MP Lawrence O'Brien died of cancer. Prime Minister Paul Martin called a federal by-election for May 24, 2005. There was a possibility the by-election will not be held because of a non-confidence vote the week prior, that would have toppled the government, sending Canadians to the polls, and would have superseded the by-election. However, the motion failed by one vote, ensuring a by-election in Labrador.

The Eastbourne by-election, 1935 was a by-election held on 29 March 1935 for the British House of Commons constituency of Eastbourne in East Sussex. The by-election was caused by the death of the town's Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP) John Slater, who had been elected only three years previously, in a 1932 by-election following the death of Edward Marjoribanks. The Conservative candidate, Charles Taylor, was returned unopposed.

The Croydon North by-election was a by-election for the Parliament of the United Kingdom's House of Commons constituency of Croydon North in the London Borough of Croydon. The by-election was caused by the death of its Member of Parliament Malcolm Wicks. It took place on Thursday, 29 November, the same day as by-elections in Middlesbrough and Rotherham. The by-election was won by Steve Reed of the Labour Party.

The 1886 Dunedin Central by-election was a by-election held on 19 October 1886 in the electorate during the 9th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the death on 1 September of the incumbent MP James Benn Bradshaw. The by-election was won by Thomas Bracken. William Hutchison who was interested in standing in both Wellington and Dunedin seats, and who had represented in parliament was a controversial candidate.

The 1886 Waitemata by-election was a by-election held on 11 December 1886 in the electorate during the 9th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the death of the incumbent MP William John Hurst on 29 September 1886. The by-election was won by Richard Monk who beat Harry Farnall. Farnall was ridiculed by one report, saying that Monk deserves to be called a "working man" not Farnall.

The 1873 Wakatipu by-election was a by-election held on 19 August 1873 in the electorate during the 5th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Bendix Hallenstein on 17 July 1873. The by-election was won by Vincent Pyke, described as a Government supporter. It appears that four people were nominated on 16 August, and a poll was held on 19 August.

The 1869 Marsden by-election was a by-election held on 25 January 1869 during the 4th New Zealand Parliament in the Northland electorate of . The by- election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Francis Hull on 14 December 1878. The by-election was won by John Munro. As there were no other candidates, he was declared elected unopposed on 25 January; the papers published several reports of his speeches.

The 1880 Waitaki by-election was a by-election held on 16 June 1880 in the electorate in the Otago and Canterbury regions during the 7th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent Thomas William Hislop, on 28 April 1880. The by-election was won by George Jones. Jones and William Henry Sherwood Roberts were described as Liberals; John Reid and Duncan Sutherland were described as Conservatives.

The 1878 Parnell by-election was a by-election held on 20 February 1878 in the electorate during the 6th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Reader Wood on 21 January 1878, to go to England. The by-election was won by Reader Wood, who had held the seat from 1861 to 1865. As no other candidates were nominated, he was declared duly elected.

Chichester was elevated to the peerage, becoming 1st Baron Templemore and causing a by-election. Carew was elevated to the peerage, becoming 1st Baron Carew and causing a by-election.

The Stockton-on-Tees by-election, 1917 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Stockton-on-Tees in County Durham on 20 March 1917.

Ker resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, causing a by-election. Hardinge succeeded to the peerage, becoming 2nd Viscount Hardinge and causing a by-election.

Curteis' death caused a by-election. Curteis' election was declared void on petition on 27 March 1848, due to insufficient notice being given of the election, causing a by-election.

The Dundee by-election, 1888 was a parliamentary by-election held on 16 February 1888 to elect one of the members for the British House of Commons constituency of Dundee.

The Dewsbury by-election, 1902 was a by-election held in England on 28 January 1902 for the House of Commons constituency of Dewsbury in the West Riding of Yorkshire.

Rutherfurd resigned upon being appointed as a Senator of the College of Justice, becoming Lord Rutherfurd and causing a by-election. Moncreiff was appointed Lord Advocate, requiring a by-election.

The 1862 Montgomery by-election was a parliamentary by-election held on 14 July 1862 for the British House of Commons constituency of Montgomeryshire, known at the time as Montgomery.

The 1894 Montgomery by-election was a parliamentary by-election held on 29 March 1894 for the British House of Commons constituency of Montgomeryshire, known at the time as Montgomery.

The Wellington Suburbs by-election of 1897 was a by-election held on 23 April 1897 during the 13th New Zealand Parliament in the urban lower North Island electorate of .

The Holderness by-election, 1939 was a parliamentary by-election held on 15 February 1939 for the British House of Commons constituency of Holderness in the East Riding of Yorkshire.

The Down by-election, 1939 was a parliamentary by-election held in the United Kingdom on 10 May 1939 for the House of Commons constituency of Down in Northern Ireland.

Butt resigned after being appointed a Judge of the Probate, Divorce and Admiralty division of the High Court of Justice, causing a by- election. Commerell resigned, causing a by-election.

The Rye by-election, 1903 was a by-election held in England on 17 March 1903 for the House of Commons constituency of the Rye or Eastern Division of Sussex.

The East Perthshire by-election, 1903 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of East Perthshire in the County of Perth on 26 February 1903.

The Shipley by-election, 1910 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Shipley in the West Riding of Yorkshire on 10 March 1910.

A by-election was held in the New South Wales state electoral district of Monaro on 23 November 1918. The by-election was triggered by the death of Gus Miller ().

The Swansea District by-election, 1910 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Swansea District in Glamorgan in South Wales on 28 February 1910.

A by-election was held in the New South Wales state electoral district of Vaucluse on 9 April 1994. The by-election was triggered by the resignation of Michael Yabsley ().

The Edinburgh South by-election, February 1886 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Edinburgh South in the Scottish capital on 9 February 1886.

A by-election was held in the New South Wales state electoral district of Rous on 17 December 1905. The by-election was triggered by the death of John Coleman.

The Newcastle upon Tyne North by-election, 1940 was a parliamentary by- election held on 7 June 1940 for the British House of Commons constituency of Newcastle upon Tyne North.

The Town of Brisbane colonial by-election, 1865 was a by-election held on 23 November 1865 in the electoral district of Town of Brisbane for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The Town of Brisbane colonial by-election, 1860 was a by-election held on 8 December 1860 in the electoral district of Town of Brisbane for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The Town of Brisbane colonial by-election, 1864 was a by-election held on 22 April 1864 in the electoral district of Town of Brisbane for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The Drayton and Toowoomba colonial by-election, 1862 was a by-election held on 11 August 1862 in the electoral district of Drayton and Toowoomba for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

A by-election was held in the New South Wales state electoral district of Murray on 22 September 1917. The by-election was triggered by the death of Robert Scobie ().

The Town of Brisbane colonial by-election, 1869 was a by-election held on 10 February 1869 in the electoral district of Town of Brisbane for the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

The South Lanarkshire by-election was a Parliamentary by-election. It returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons, elected by the first past the post voting system.

The Penrith and Cockermouth by-election, 1921 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Penrith and Cockermouth in Cumberland on 13 May 1921.

Prime resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, causing a by-election. Gordon-Lennox was appointed President of the Poor Law Board, requiring a by-election.

Gordon-Lennox succeeded to the peerage, becoming 6th Duke of Richmond and causing a by-election. Wyndham succeeded to the peerage, becoming 2nd Baron Leconfield and causing a by-election.

The by-election was called following the death of Cllr. Henry A. North. The by-election was called following the resignations of Cllrs. Valerie D. Marks and William H. Martin.

The 2000 Isaacs by-election was held in the Australian electorate of Isaacs in Victoria on 12 August 2000. The by-election was triggered by the death of the sitting member, the Australian Labor Party's Greg Wilton on 14 June 2000. The writ for the by-election was issued on 30 June 2000.

A by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Balaclava on 16 July 1960. This was triggered by the resignation of Liberal MP Percy Joske. A by-election for the seat of Bendigo was held on the same day. The by-election was won by Liberal candidate Ray Whittorn.

A by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Bendigo on 16 July 1960. This was triggered by the death of Labor MP Percy Clarey. A by-election for the seat of Balaclava was held on the same day. The by-election was won by Labor candidate Noel Beaton.

A by-election for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Batman took place on 17 March 2018. The by-election was called as a result of the resignation on 1 February 2018 of David Feeney, the incumbent backbench Australian Labor Party MP. The ALP candidate, Ged Kearney, won the by- election.

A by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Bendigo on 7 June 1969. This was triggered by the resignation of Labor MP Noel Beaton. A by-election for the seat of Gwydir was held on the same day. The by- election was won by Labor candidate David Kennedy.

A by-election was held for the Australian House of Representatives seat of Lang on 29 August 1953. This was triggered by the death of Labor MP Dan Mulcahy. A by-election for the seat of Corangamite was held on the same day. The by-election was won by Labor candidate Frank Stewart.

The 1894 Tuapeka by-election was a by-election held on 9 July 1894 during the 12th New Zealand Parliament in the rural lower South Island electorate of . The by-election was held to replace Vincent Pyke after his death on 5 June. The winner was William Larnach, who became a cabinet minister.

The New Forest by-election was a Parliamentary by-election. It returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system. It was the last by-election of the 27th Parliament to take place before the 1906 general election.

The 1863 Heathcote by-election was a by-election held on 28 October in the electorate during the 3rd New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, William Sefton Moorhouse. He was replaced by Alfred Cox. As Cox was the only candidate, he was declared elected unopposed.

Both the United Kingdom Independence Party and the Green Party of England and Wales achieved their best results to date in a Parliamentary by-election; UKIP had previously taken a 10.2% share in the 2004 by-election in Hartlepool, and the Greens took 7.4% in the 2008 Haltemprice and Howden by-election.

The 1909 Northern Maori by-election was a by-election during the 17th New Zealand Parliament. The election was held on 20 March 1909. The seat of Northern Maori became vacant following the death of the sitting member Hone Heke Ngapua on 9 February. The by-election was won by Te Rangi Hiroa.

Robert Adams won the by-election on 30 June 1859. : In mid-1859, Robert Kermode, the member for Ringwood, resigned. Frederick Houghton won the resulting by-election on 5 July 1859. : In July 1859, Alfred Nicholas, the member for Kingborough, resigned. Frederick Lipscombe won the resulting by-election on 1 August 1859.

The Egmont by-election of 1912 was a by-election held during the 18th New Zealand Parliament in the electorate of . The seat became vacant due to the resignation of Thomas Mackenzie after the fall of his government. The by- election was held on 17 September and was won by Charles Wilkinson.

A by-election for the seat of Millner in the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly was held on 7 December 1991. The by-election was triggered by the resignation of Labor (ALP) member and Leader of the Opposition Terry Smith. The seat had been held by Smith since a previous by-election in 1981.

John McCall won the resulting by-election on 12 November 1888. Alfred Pillinger replaced Braddon in the Ministry and was returned unopposed at a ministerial by-election on 6 November 1888. : On 21 January 1889, the member for Sorell, James Gray, died. Charles Featherstone won the resulting by- election on 11 February 1889.

The 1877 City of Auckland West by-election was a by-election held on 2 May 1877 in the electorate during the 6th New Zealand Parliament. It was then a two-member electorate. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, Benjamin Tonks. James Wallis a clergyman was elected.

The 1878 City of Dunedin by-election was a by-election held on 1 July 1878 in the electorate in Dunedin during the 6th New Zealand Parliament. At the time the electorate had three members. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent, William Larnach. The winner was Richard Oliver.

The 1889 East Coast by-election was a by-election held on 13 December 1889 in the electorate during the 10th New Zealand Parliament. The by-election was caused by the resignation of the incumbent MP Andrew Graham. He was replaced by Alexander Creighton Arthur. William Lee Rees again stood, and came second.

Map of Sedgefield The Sedgefield by-election, 2007 was a by-election held on 19 July 2007 for the British House of Commons constituency of Sedgefield in County Durham. The Ealing Southall by-election was also held on 19 July. The by-election was triggered when Tony Blair, the Labour Party Member of Parliament (MP) for Sedgefield and former Prime Minister, resigned to become envoy for the international diplomatic Quartet on the Middle East. Blair accepted the office of Steward and Bailiff of the Three Hundreds of Chiltern, thereby disqualifying himself from Parliament and causing the by-election.

The City of London by-election, 1938 was a by-election held on 6 April 1938 for the British House of Commons constituency of City of London, which covered the "Square Mile" which was the United Kingdom's traditional financial district. The by-election was caused by the death of one of the City's two Conservative Party Members of Parliament (MPs) Thomas Vansittart Bowater, who had held the seat since a by-election in 1924, having contested the seat in an earlier by-election in 1922. The Conservative candidate, Sir George Broadbridge, who had been Lord Mayor of London in 1936, was returned unopposed.

Due to the delay in the Government holding the by-election, a number of attempts to force the by-election were carried out by the Opposition. On 4 May 2010, Sinn Féin attempted to force the holding of the by-election. The next day, the Government narrowly avoided a defeat in the motion calling for the by-election to be held immediately when two of their TDs accidentally voted with the opposition. On 12 July 2010, the High Court granted leave to Sinn Féin senator Pearse Doherty for a judicial review into why the by-election was not being held.

When a member dies during their term of office this generally causes a by-election. Under the Electoral Act 1993, a by-election is not needed when the death occurs within six months of a general election and if 75% of MPs support the postponement of the by-election. General elections may be brought forward to stay within the six-months period. Twice, in 1943 and 1969, by-elections were avoided after the deaths in election years of Paraire Karaka Paikea and Ralph Hanan by passing special acts, the By-election Postponement Act 1943 and the By-election Postponement Act 1969.

The City of Auckland by-election was a by-election in the New Zealand electorate of City of Auckland, an urban seat in the Auckland region, in the upper North Island.

The Leeds North by-election, 1902 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Leeds North in the West Riding of Yorkshire on 29 July 1902.

The Shrewsbury by-election, 1913 was a parliamentary by-election held in England in April 1913 to elect a new Member of Parliament (MP) for the borough of Shrewsbury in Shropshire.

The Mitcham and Morden by-election was held on 3 June 1982. It was a rare example of a governing party (the British Conservatives) gaining a seat in a by-election.

The Marlborough by-election of 1970 was a by-election for the electorate of Marlborough, held on 21 February 1970New Zealand Official Yearbook 1970 p1137 during the 30th New Zealand Parliament.

The Rotherham by-election of 24 June 1976 was held after the death of Labour Member of Parliament (MP) Brian O'Malley. Labour held on to the seat in the by-election.

The Chesterton by-election, 1917 was a parliamentary by-election held on 27 July 1917 for the House of Commons constituency of Chesterton also known as the Western Division of Cambridgeshire.

The Leeds South by-election, 1908 was a parliamentary by-election for the House of Commons constituency of Leeds South in the West Riding of Yorkshire held on 13 February 1908.

The Brecon and Radnorshire by-election, 1939, was a parliamentary by-election held on 1 August 1939 for the British House of Commons constituency of Brecon and Radnorshire, in South Wales.

Jack Pease The Rotherham by-election, 1917 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Rotherham in the West Riding of Yorkshire on 5 February 1917.

The appointment of Fawcett as Postmaster General and Holms as a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury caused a by-election for both seats. The death of Fawcett caused a by-election.

The South Ayrshire by-election, 1939 was a parliamentary by-election held in the United Kingdom on 20 April 1939 for the House of Commons constituency of South Ayrshire in Scotland.

The Sheffield Hallam by-election, 1939 was a parliamentary by-election held in the United Kingdom on 10 May 1939 for the House of Commons constituency of Sheffield Hallam in Yorkshire.

The Portsmouth South by-election, 1939 was a parliamentary by-election held in the United Kingdom on 12 July 1939 for the House of Commons constituency of Portsmouth South, in Hampshire.

The Lanarkshire North by-election, 1929 was a parliamentary by-election held in the United Kingdom on 21 March 1929 for the House of Commons constituency of North Lanarkshire in Scotland.

The Sheffield Hallam by-election, 1916 was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Sheffield Hallam in the West Riding of Yorkshire on 23 December 1916.

The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Ms. Kirsty Roberts. The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr Sean Birch. Percentage change is since May 2010.

Bainbridge resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, causing a by-election. Labouchere was appointed Chief Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, requiring a by-election.

A by-election was held in the New South Wales state electoral district of Upper Hunter on 8 June 1918. The by-election was triggered by the resignation of Mac Abbott ().

The Christchurch by-election, 1844 was a parliamentary by-election for the House of Commons constituency of Christchurch, Hampshire held on 28 March 1844. It was won by Conservative Edward Harris.

The Leeds South by-election, 1892 was a parliamentary by-election for the House of Commons constituency of Leeds South in the West Riding of Yorkshire held on 22 September 1892.