"We'd like to be part of a brain gain," Mr. Kapoglou said.
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That brain gain is a completely new development for much of the world.
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There is a "brain gain" afoot that suggests a national homecoming to less bustling spaces.
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The University of Minnesota Extension researcher Ben Winchester has cited a "brain gain" in rural America.
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More than 40,000 AmeriCorps volunteers helped clean up Louisiana after Hurricane Katrina and stayed in the region, leading to what social scientists call "brain gain," Americorps reports.
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In this scenario, "brain circulation" is more fitting than "brain gain" or "brain drain" to describe the potential benefits for countries of destination, transit and origin alike.
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It leads, sometimes directly, often indirectly, to American clients, German universities and Russian partners; to international connections to venture capitalists and startup incubators; to brain gain as well as drain.
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Our brain filtering system — like the speed of a computer — has to get faster and faster," said neuroscientist and leadership coach Tara Swart, author of "Neuroscience for Leadership: Harnessing the Brain Gain Advantage.
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It's hoped, as Vepsalainen from Startup Refugees said to CNBC, by matching people with companies willing to hire refugees, it will set a mindset so that this group can be seen as a ' "brain gain" to society.
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That empirical investigation has two components. First, to develop and estimate a dynamic model using village-level data on education and on international and internal migration. This approach is similar in spirit to a country-level study of the brain gain, but with a longitudinal dimension that is lacking in existing studies. The approach yields cautious but illuminating support for the brain gain hypothesis.
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The Star: Big boost for brain gain. In 2016 the Chair was renamed. The current holder is Emeritus Professor Datuk Dr Hj Shad Saleem Faruqi who was appointed in February 2017.
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Brain Gain Funding The Oklahoma State Regents annually allocate Brain Gain performance funds to institutions that have shown improvement in their retention or graduation rates. The program is based on the State Regents’ Brain Gain 2010 initiative created in 1999 to increase the percentage of degree holders in Oklahoma. The Regents also provide grant support for campus-based initiatives designed to enhance colleges’ retention, graduation and degree-completion efforts. Improvement Grants have been funded since 2004 to aid campuses in implementing intervention strategies that will improve student retention, graduation and degree completion, either campus-wide or for targeted populations. In 2005, Programs of Excellence Grants were awarded to five institutions that are implementing innovative, relevant and high-quality academic programs that also foster creativity.
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The Government of Nepal's Ministry of Foreign Affairs opened a Brain Gain Center in May 2019, with the explicit purposes of identifying successful Nepali diaspora experts and professionals around the world, promoting their expertise within the government, facilitating the connections between government officials and them.
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According to Road to Africa, the artwork's place in the Fourth Industrial Revolution can be leveraged to aid ongoing brain-gain initiatives to steer NGOs, the private sector and friends of the continent which includes its diasporas into a self-reliant, yet an interdependent partner of the world economy.
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However, "brain circulation" is known as the extended definition of brain gain with an emphasis on human capital circulation across nations in the global market, benefiting both the sending and receiving nations; in addition it is considered a two-way flow of skill, capital, and technology, unlike brain drain and reverse brain drain.
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The term ‘reverse brain drain' is closely tied with brain drain and brain gain because reverse brain drain is a migratory phenomenon that results due to the brain drain of the intellectual elites from developing countries and is the mirror image of the benefit of an inflow of high quality human resources which is brain gain. Reverse brain drain is sometimes related to the term ‘brain circulation', which is when migrants return to their own country on a regular or occasional basis, sharing the benefits of the skills and resources they have acquired while living and working abroad. An example of the benefits for the host countries, especially developing countries, are the payments of remittances. This provides a reason for governments to issue new legislation and tax rules that encourage outward migration and remittances.
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Finally, along with Itzhak Fadlon, Weiss and Dustmann use a Roy model to explore the effect of return migration and skill-specific human capital accumulation on the brain drain in migrants' home countries, which may instead experience a "brain gain" if enough emigrants return after having strongly improved their skills abroad.Dustmann, C., Fadlon, I., Weiss, Y. (2011). Return migration, human capital accumulation, and the brain drain. Journal of Development Economics, 95(1), pp. 58-67.
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Since the mid-20th century, most new Chinese Canadians come from university-educated families, who of still consider quality education an essential value. These newcomers are a major part of the "brain gain", the inverse of the infamous "brain drain", i.e., the occurrence of many Canadians leaving to the United States, of which Chinese have also been a part. From 1947 to the early 1970s, Chinese immigrants to Canada came mostly from Hong Kong, Taiwan, or Southeast Asia.
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The American Brain Gain continued throughout the Cold War, as tensions steadily escalated in the Eastern Bloc, resulting in a steady trickle of defectors, refugees and emigrants. The partition of Germany, for one, precipitated over three and a half million East Germans – the Republikflüchtling - to cross into West Berlin by 1961. Most of them were young, well-qualified, educated professionals or skilled workersDowty, Alan. Closed Borders: The Contemporary Assault on Freedom of Movement (Binghampton: Twentieth Century Fund, 1987.), 122.
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The topic of brain drain was later revisited by Peri in work with Karin Mayr, in which they showed that the combination of return migration and incentives for education related to the prospects of high-skilled migration had the potential to turn emigration's brain drain into a significant brain gain for the country of origin.Mayr, K., Peri, G. (2008). Return migration as a channel of brain gain. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 14039. With regard to the labour market effects of immigration to Western Germany during the 1990s, Peri - together with Ottaviano and Francesco d'Amuri - finds that immigration had a sizeable adverse effect on previous immigrants' employment and a small adverse effect on their wages, while having very little adverse effects on native wages and employments; the authors explain this divergence through the higher substitutability between different groups of immigrants relative to that between immigrants and natives.D'Amuri, F., Ottaviano, G.I.P., Peri, G. (2010). The labor market impact of immigration in Western Germany in the 1990s. European Economic Review, 54(4), pp. 550-570.
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There was found to be a "brain gain", instead of a "brain drain", because of emigration. One study finds that sending countries benefit indirectly in the long run on the emigration of skilled workers because those skilled workers are able to innovate more in developed countries, which the sending countries are able to benefit on as a positive externality. Greater emigration of skilled workers consequently leads to greater economic growth and welfare improvements in the long-run. The negative effects of high-skill emigration remain largely unfounded.
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In 2005, Gallup began its World Poll, which continually surveys citizens in 160 countries, representing more than 98% of the world's adult population. The Gallup World Poll consists of more than 100 global questions as well as region-specific items. It includes the following global indexes: law and order, food and shelter, institutions and infrastructure, good jobs, wellbeing, and brain gain. Gallup also works with organizations, cities, governments and countries to create custom items and indexes to gather information on specific topics of interest.
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The pop-infused soul and blues track "Gambu" depicts the love a woman has for an imperfect man with a reputation. "Rara Rira" is an alternative pop song with a folk percussion; it describes carefree people who enjoy life and live on the edge. The pop song "Brain Gain", which is reminiscent of songs by Gabriella Cilmi and Duffy, features a trumpet solo and addresses topics such as immigration. "Ọ̀run n Móoru" (Yoruba: "Heaven is Heated") is a ballad that criticizes gossip among chiefs and kings.
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Remittances and the brain drain revisited: The microdata show that more educated migrants remit more. World Bank Economic Review, 25(1), pp. 132-156. Finally, in a popular article addressing questions around brain drain, McKenzie and Gibson highlight that brain drain has remained relatively stable over time, that skilled and unskilled migration are strongly correlated, that the likelihood of brain drain increases the lower domestic standards of living, security, political stability and opportunities for rewarding careers, and that examples of brain gain exist, among else.Gibson, J., McKenzie, D. (2011).
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It also takes a novel look at how migration outcomes are fed back into and modify the very market environments that stimulated migration. The New Economics of the Brain Drain In the late 1990s, Stark began to weigh in on the brain drain debate. Together with Christian Helmenstein and Alexia Prskawetz, he showed that, given asymmetric information, the possibility of migration can generate a brain gain along with a brain drain by increasing the expected returns from education, resulting in a situation where the increase in incentives for human capital investments more than compensates for the migration of educated persons.Stark, Oded, Helmenstein, Christian, and Prskawetz, Alexia (1997). “A brain gain with a brain drain.” Economics Letters 55(2): 227-234.Stark, Oded, Helmenstein, Christian, and Prskawetz, Alexia (1998). “Human capital depletion, human capital formation, and migration: A blessing or a 'curse'?” Economics Letters 60(3): 363-367. In his 2003 Tjalling Koopmans Distinguished Lecture and then in a World Development paper, Stark showed that this effect is further augmented by positive educational externalities, strengthening the theoretical argument that the lure of migration for the highly educated can actually improve a source country’s human capital,Stark, Oded (2004). “Rethinking the brain drain.” World Development 32(1): 15-22.
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Recently, following the 2010–2011 Greek Crisis, many Albanian emigrants have returned either temporarily or permanently to Albania. The mass emigration of the 1990s to early 2000s has resulted in massive brain drain to Albania. In the period 1990–2003, an estimated 45% of Albania's academics emigrated, as did more than 65% of the scholars who received PhDs in the West in the period 1980–1990. In 2006, a "brain gain" program compiled by Albanian authorities and the UNDP was put into action to encourage the skilled diaspora to contribute to the country's development, though its success remains to be seen.
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Project Retour was a grass roots, pilot project initiative focused on finding solutions to the "brain gain, brain drain, brain circulation" phenomenon that was occurring in Hungary. It involved facilitating the return of migrant degree holders by returning young Hungarian citizens and professionals to Hungary from around the world by establishing global, local and virtual networks and communities through the media and via the Internet. Sephier was drawn to the project as she was a Hungarian who had left her homeland to study in the west. Though unlike many of her predecessors, she had decided to return to Hungary in order to bring her knowledge and expertise to bear at home.
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Silver Spring, Maryland. In the spring of 2013, Olufeko known for his cross-disciplinary signature through technology, created the artwork on the premise of Social inclusion, brain gain and innovation. The art piece originally titled, Whatever is destroyed is created again, was made for and leveraged by an NGO, the United for Kids Foundation in Washington D.C. Revealed for the first time at the Whittemore House making its debut to the public, it successfully raised money for children, and all proceeds were used to build libraries and classrooms in Lagos, Nigeria. The artwork surfaced at another fundraiser at the Civic Center in Lagos, drawing affluent patrons of the arts, doubling donations of its previous auction.
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At the age of 17, Salandy-Brown left Trinidad and migrated to Britain to attend university. In London, she began her working life in publishing as an editor with the Melrose Press, after which she was for more than 20 years an editor and senior manager in BBC Radio and News and Current Affairs programmes, until her return to Trinidad in 2004.Dennis Conway, “The Return of Youthful Trinidadian Transnational Professionals: Their Potential as a ‘Brain Gain’?”, Conference on "Trans- Atlantic Perspectives on International Migration: Cross Border Impacts, Border Security, and Socio-Political Responses", 5 March 2010. Among the BBC radio programmes she produced was BBC Radio 4's Start the Week, presented by Melvyn Bragg.
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The diaspora has been the focus of policy concerns over a so-called "brain drain" from Australia. However, the 2003 CEDA report argued the phenomenon was essentially positive: rather than experiencing a "brain drain", Australia was in fact seeing both "brain circulation" as Australians added to their skills and expertise, and a "brain gain", as these skilled expatriates tended to return to Australia and new skilled immigrants were arriving. Between 1999 and 2003, there were seven highly educated migrants to Australia for every one highly educated Australian who was living elsewhere in countries within the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Levels of skilled immigration to Australia reflect Government policies to "practise a selective immigration policy based on human capital criteria".
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That effect upon the welfare of the parent country is to some extent offset by the remittances that are sent home by the emigrants, and by the enhanced technical know-how with which some of them return. One study introduces a further offsetting factor to suggest that the opportunity to migrate fosters enrolment in education thus promoting a "brain gain" that can counteract the lost human capital associated with emigration . Frederic Docquier and Hillel Rapoport Skilled Migration: the Perspective of the Developing Countries However, these factors can be counterweighed on their turn depending on the intentions that remittances are used for. As evidence from Armenia suggests, instead of acting as a contractual tool, remittances have a potential for recipients to further incentivize emigration by serving as a resource to alleviate the migration process.
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Marc Prensky (born March 15, 1946, New York City, United States) is an American writer and speaker on education. He is best known as the creator of the terms "Digital native" and "digital immigrant" which he described in a 2001 article in "On the Horizon". Prensky holds degrees from Oberlin College (1966), Middlebury College (MA, 1967), Yale University (1968) and the Harvard Business School (1980). He is the author of seven books: Digital Game-Based Learning (McGraw-Hill 2001), Don't Bother Me Mom – I'm Learning (Paragon House 2006), Teaching Digital Natives (Corwin Press 2010), From Digital Natives to Digital Wisdom: Hopeful Essays for 21st Century Learning (2012), Brain Gain: Technology and the Quest for Digital Wisdom (2012), The World Needs a New Curriculum (The Global Future Education Foundation, 2014), Education To Better Their World: Unleashing the power of 21st century kids (Teachers College Press, 2016) and 100 essays on learning and education.
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