159 Sentences With "bondsmen" | Random Sentence Generator

But bondsmen have extraordinary powers that most lenders do not.

Other judges see some bondsmen as trampling the rights of defendants.

We're ready for it, but I don't know if the bondsmen are.

The bounty hunters and the bail bondsmen are facing 16 charges, including murder.

I'm sure the current Cincinnati bondsmen, now known as bail agents, are lovely people.

Bondsmen don't trust anyone, they're super tight with their money and are afraid of liability.

Contracting with bail bondsmen allows them to stay out of jail for a smaller upfront cost.

It followed the family as they traveled the country working with bail bondsmen in different cities.

Bondsmen, however, think the rule change is a slick way of avoiding the proper legislative process.

They romanticized slavery as a benevolent institution that featured happy, faithful and well-fed bondsmen and women.

In turn, these brokers would then sell the data to bounty hunters, bail bondsmen, debt collectors, and middlemen.

It is now a $2 billion industry, and bondsmen have become an influential force in some local and state governments.

Before recent changes to the rules there, he said, defendants frequently complained of shakedowns in which bondsmen demanded extra payments.

I accompanied her as she drove past block after block of pawnshops, bail bondsmen, used-car dealerships, and Mexican restaurants.

As the Observer explains, ICE detainees don't usually have real estate or a car to offer as collateral to bail bondsmen.

Posing as a potential customer, Motherboard explicitly asked a Microbilt customer support staffer whether the company offered phone geolocation for bail bondsmen.

At the time, Santa Clara County had begun a rare effort to prosecute unscrupulous bondsmen, and Mr. Peters was charged with attempted extortion.

In New Orleans, the Southern Poverty Law Center has complained to state regulators that bondsmen routinely charge more than is allowed by law.

Defendants in criminal courts often turn to bail bondsmen, who offer to post bail for just 10 or 15 percent of the total cost.

Bondsmen typically pay bounty-hunters expenses plus 10% to 20% of the value of a bond on someone who fails to appear in court.

Meanwhile, payday loan shops, bail bondsmen, prison phone operators, rental homes, and other services for the poor and the vulnerable have been overrun by these firms.

Internet searches on names that are more often identified as belonging to black people were found to prompt search engines to generate ads for bail bondsmen.

Some people can make bail within a few days, usually relying on money collected by family and friends or borrowed from commercial bondsmen, who charge high fees.

It cites studies that show bail bondsmen taking advantage of low-income neighborhoods and creating financial packages that leave people in debt for an extended period of time.

Under New York law, bondsmen can charge a fee of up to 313 percent for bail set under $3,000 and only six percent for any amount above $10,000.

He added that defendants do not have to go with their bondsmen unless there is a warrant out for their arrest, but many of them do not know that.

Unlike in most states, bondsmen in California must return the premium to customers if they surrender them to jail, unless they can demonstrate that their risk level substantially increased.

Mr. Franklin's public defender in the case, Eli Timberg, said he has routinely had clients returned to jail for not paying their bondsmen, but Mr. Franklin's case stood out.

Several defense attorneys and public defenders in Maryland described the tactic as necessary in a state where bondsmen wine and dine the lawmakers who would be responsible for reform.

The scale of the problem has been percussively highlighted by a series of scandals showcasing how this data is routinely being abused by everyone from law enforcement to bail bondsmen.

As Motherboard has shown in multiple investigations, this data, which sometimes included highly precise assisted-GPS data, ended up in the hands of bounty hunters, bail bondsmen, or private investigators.

The costs of incarceration — whether its fees paid to probation officers or payments made to bail bondsmen — add up, and can be debilitating for families that are already financially vulnerable.

One judge in Lafayette, La., Jules Edwards III, held in contempt two bondsmen who were brothers for intercepting a defendant on his way to court and sending him, instead, to jail.

When Ian Fleming died, in 1964, other Bondsmen came forward to extend 007's adventures, producing dozens of books (by Kingsley Amis, John Gardner, William Boyd and Anthony Horowitz, among others).

Libre by Nexus, a Virgina-based company that reportedly brings in more than $30 million a year, offers to help detained immigrants by arranging for their bail to be paid by bondsmen.

Since then, Motherboard has also found that the problem was much larger than previously understood, and showed that hundreds of bounty hunters and bail bondsmen could track most phones in the United States.

Meanwhile, each of the 50 states developed their own vastly different approaches to bail, ranging from cash bail systems to bondsmen-centered industries to the DC. approach that barely uses bail at all.

It has prompted several protests in Colorado Springs, including one heated rally that ended when police arrested two bail bondsmen who they said arrived on motorcycles and drew guns after a scuffle with protesters.

In its early episodes, it's very much a lightly serialized procedural about a family of bail bondsmen chasing down those who would otherwise escape them while Pete tries to curry favor with the family.

That provides enough work, he says, for more than 2,000 fugitive-recovery agents—as bounty hunters are also known—who, like himself, operate at least part-time, typically as private contractors for bondsmen in the Redoubt.

The Libre program instead requires customers to wear GPS trackers as assurances to bondsmen that immigrants won't flee the country before their court date; for immigration cases, these court dates are sometimes years in the future.

"There's some bail bondsmen, some insurance companies and me," said Don Panik, who opened his gold and silver trading shop in 1982 after he was laid off as an autoworker at a local General Motors plant.

Seven Tennessee men, who work as bounty hunters or bail bondsmen, have been charged with first-degree murder after they allegedly opened fire on the wrong car late last month while they were looking for a fugitive.

That was possible because T-Mobile, AT&T, and Sprint had all sold access to their customers' location data to a network of middleman companies, before ending up in the hands of bounty hunters and bail bondsmen.

First there was Amazon's Sneaky Pete, which launched in January and depicts a con man who weasels his way into a family of bail bondsmen by impersonating a long-lost, long-imprisoned nephew who nobody's seen in ages.

Bail bondsmen: The U.S. is also the only nation beside the Philippines to have a legal bail bond industry, which allows companies to pay a defendant's bond in exchange for a fee (typically 15% of the bail price).

But bail bondsmen rarely make themselves available to immigrants because unlike criminal court, where a bondsman guarantees he'll pay the full bond if you don't show back up to court, immigration bonds are due in full at release.

Which leads us to Cynthia Erivo's well deserved, but suspiciously convenient, nomination for her nuanced portrayal of Harriet Tubman, the formerly enslaved African American activist who led dozens of bondsmen and bondswomen to their freedom during antebellum slavery.

The surrounding area is crammed with institutions (the Department of Community Supervision, the Municipal Court, the Division of Family and Children Services) charged with overseeing the urban poor and businesses (bail bondsmen, private probation companies) that profit off them.

The "Puddle of Mudd" front man was subdued by bail bondsmen and cops at Saint Rocke in Hermosa Beach, CA. The reason for the arrest ... Scantlin skipped a court hearing in a vandalism case involving a house he allegedly trashed earlier this year.

Concern about the changes has reached such a pitch among the country's bail bondsmen that the president of the Professional Bail Agents of the United States, an industry trade group, issued what she called "A Declaration of War" in the group's August newsletter.

In both Mr. Egana's case and this one, the bondsmen would not have been on the hook for the defendants' failure to appear, because they diverted the defendants from court dates for unrelated cases, not the ones for which they had bailed them out.

The premise — about a con man who's pretending to be somebody else to ingratiate himself to a family of bail bondsmen he thinks he can scam — is exactly what you'd expect from a broadcast network trying to make its own version of Breaking Bad.

The Georgia Association of Professional Bondsmen and the American Bond Coalition, the state and national bail-bond industry groups, have filed friend-of-the-court briefs in support of Calhoun's policy, arguing that the preset bail schedules do not violate the equal protection clause.

But Forlini's is also distinguished for its unique clientele: located down the street from the Manhattan Criminal Courts Building, it has been a canteen of choice for the courthouse crowd for decades, feeding the judges, lawyers, reporters, secretaries, court officers and bail bondsmen who work in the neighborhood.

In addition, the cities and states that own and operate most courthouses and ensure that no one uses their courts in a way that halts judicial business — protesters can't block the doorway, bail bondsmen aren't allowed to set up shop in the lobby — should do the same here for immigration agents.

In this episode of CYBER, Motherboard editor-in-chief Jason Koebler and senior staff writer Joseph Cox go deep on the shady—but legal—market of data aggregators and brokers who sell smartphone location data to bounty hunters, bail bondsmen, landlords, used car salesmen, and anyone who can manage to get access and pay for it.

Unlike recent films set in the antebellum period that center black bondsmen ("The Birth of a Nation" in 2016, "12 Years a Slave" in 2013, "Django Unchained" in 2012) or elevate white experience ("The Free State of Jones" in 2016), Harriet stands out as a representation of a black woman committed to freedom by any means necessary.

Whereas it's common knowledge that law enforcement agencies can track phones with a warrant to service providers, IMSI catchers, or until recently via other companies that sell location data such as one called Securus, at least one company, called Microbilt, is selling phone geolocation services with little oversight to a spread of different private industries, ranging from car salesmen and property managers to bail bondsmen and bounty hunters, according to sources familiar with the company's products and company documents obtained by Motherboard.

It ought to be: Whereas it's common knowledge that law enforcement agencies can track phones with a warrant to service providers, IMSI catchers, or until recently via other companies that sell location data such as one called Securus, at least one company, called Microbilt, is selling phone geolocation services with little oversight to a spread of different private industries, ranging from car salesmen and property managers to bail bondsmen and bounty hunters, according to sources familiar with the company's products and company documents obtained by Motherboard.

The security was furnished and she was delivered to the bondsmen as her gaolers.

Merṣād al-ʻebād was translated by Hamid Algar into English as The Path of God's Bondsmen: From Origin to Return.

New Kiowa Herald - September 10, 1885. In November 1887, Mather's bail bondsmen were called before the court to make restitution for Mather's failure to appear for trial in the case of the Dave Barnes murder. At that time, the bondsmen filed a petition to set aside the bail, claiming that Mather was dead, although they were unable to produce the body.Cause No. 841, The State of Kansas vs.

When Aaron Burr went under trial in 1807 on a charge of treason, Osmun was one of his bondsmen. With Lyman Harding, they paid $10,000 for the bond.

The two were on their way back to Oklahoma Territory. Bill soon secured bondsmen and was released. He quickly hired attorneys to defend Grat. Grat was held in jail in Visalia.

A staircase and a farm still reflect the castle in their names. Old stories mention a tunnel between the castle and a second building. The village contained farms and handicraft enterprises. The farmers were bondsmen.

Chattel slaves (known as banyaga, bisaya, ipun, or ammas) were distinguished from the traditional debt bondsmen (the kiapangdilihan, known as alipin elsewhere in the Philippines). The bondsmen were natives enslaved to pay for debt or crime. They were slaves only in terms of their temporary service requirement to their master, but retained most of the rights of the freemen, including protection from physical harm and the fact that they can not be sold. The banyaga on the other hand had little to no rights.

The lowest were the licchous, bandi-beti and other serfs and bondsmen. There was some degree of movement between the classes. Momai Tamuli Borbarua rose from a bondsman through the ranks to become the first Borbarua under Prataap Singha.

Marco Polo avoided precision on the topic.Toussaint-Samat 2009, p. 438 discusses cinnamon's hidden origins and Joinville's report. The first mention that the spice grew in Sri Lanka was in Zakariya al-Qazwini's ("Monument of Places and History of God's Bondsmen") about 1270.

The Gemara asked where Scripture formally prohibited abduction (as and state only the punishment). Rabbi Josiah said that (Exodus 20:13 in the NJPS), “You shalt not steal,” did so. Rabbi Joḥanan said that , “They shall not be sold as bondsmen,” did so.

Dāya's choice of illustrative verses- both those of his own composition and those of his predecessors -is judicious, and makes of his work an incidental anthology of Sufi poetry, particularly quatrains."The Path of God's Bondsmen: From Origin to Return." Quoted from page 19.

Slaves were part of the lowest caste (alipin) in ancient Filipino societies. A caste which also included commoners. However, the characterization of alipin as "slaves" is not entirely accurate. Modern scholars in Philippine history prefer to use more accurate terms like "serfs" or "bondsmen" instead.

During the 1890s Pfister began to take a commanding role in the state's Republican party. After the Democratic party gained control of the state government in 1891, they brought suit against former state treasurers and their bondsmen when it was revealed that state funds had been deposited in favored banks with the earned interest unaccounted for. Pfister, U.S. Senator Philetus Sawyer and other members of the Republican "Old Guard" had been the treasurers' bondsmen, with Pfister being liable for over $100,000 in funds. The Democrats had succeeded in retrieving half the state's money, but when the Republicans came back to power in 1894 they stopped prosecuting the treasury cases.

Levengood (April 1998), pp. 403–404. Urban bondsmen performed manual labor, such as construction, or moving freight at the wharf or to and from the warehouses; others worked as servants at private homes and hotels, or as cooks and waiters.Beech and Wiltz (1992), pp. 14–15.

"Keith Arem to direct 'Frost Road'", The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 17, 2014. In 2007 Shy and Studio Ronin released Silent Leaves The Last Bondsmen followed by Silent Leaves Exceptions To Life, The first two installments of a four-part graphic novel series written and drawn by Shy.

The abolitionists themselves saw turning the former slaves into bondsmen as not something desirable, as they were bound to become dependent again. Nevertheless, the dispute ended after the Romanian Principalities adopted a liberal capitalist property legislation, the corvée being eliminated and the land being divided between the former boyars and the peasants.

At that time Kansas City nightclubs were subject to frequent raids by the police; Turner said, "The Boss man would have his bondsmen down at the police station before we got there. We'd walk in, sign our names and walk right out. Then we would cabaret until morning." His partnership with Johnson proved fruitful.

A bond of $140,000 was required to take office. In those days, there were no bonding companies, and William Henry Harrison asked to be the first to sign Sullivan's bond. He declined, saying that he preferred bondsmen from Muskingum County. A bond several times the required amount was secured in less than an hour.

Bill was soon able to secure bondsmen and was released. He quickly hired attorneys to defend Grat. While Grat sat in jail in Visalia, California, Bob and Emmett began making their way to Oklahoma. They borrowed money and supplies from their brothers, Cole and Lit, and made their way east across the Mojave Desert.

Hamid Algar, translator of the Persian Merṣād to English, states the application of "wetnurse" to the author of the Merṣād derives from the idea of the initiate on the Path being a newborn infant who needs suckling to survive.The Path of God's Bondsmen: From Origin to Return. Islamic Publications International. North Haledon, New Jersey (1980), Page 8, Footnote 21.

"The Path of God's Bondsmen: From Origin to Return." Islamic Publications International. North Haledon, New Jersey (1980). Quoted from page 18 The literary importance of the Merṣād is considerable: it ranks among the masterpieces of Persian literature, and certain sections – particularly the narrative of the creation and appointment of Adam – bear comparison with the best prose written in Persian.

Ford, James. History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850: 1850-1854. On January 18, 1856, during a debate to elect a speaker, Ohio Free-soiler Joshua Reed Giddings sarcastically quoted lines from Julius Caesar, "Go, show your slaves how choleric you are/ And make your bondsmen tremble." Edmundson's advance toward the speaker caused confusion.

Knostrop Hall by Atkinson Grimshaw The earliest mention of Knostrop is from the time of the Domesday survey when the hamlet was an area of open fields and the location of the lord of the manor's rabbit warren. In the 13th and 14th centuries the land was cultivated using the three-field system, growing wheat or rye, oats and barley. In 1341, the fields were cultivated by about 30 tenants, some were freeholders but the majority were villeins or bondsmen. One bondsman was Robert Knostrop who paid 4 shillings and 9 pence in annual rent for his 55 acres of land and along with his fellow bondsmen, was obliged to spend several days ploughing and sowing, make hay and reap the corn for the lord of the manor.

While this gives the bail company a lien on the property, it can only take ownership if the defendant fails to comply with all court instructions and rules. In some states, such as Florida, bondsmen are responsible for paying the forfeitures, and if they fail to pay the full amount, they are forbidden to write further bonds in the state.

Whosoever > intendeth evil against me, let ill befall him, and frustrate him who plots > against me. And assign for me a place in Thy presence with the best of Thy > bondsmen, and nearer abode to Thee. For verily that position cannot be > attained except through Thy grace. And treat me benevolently, and through > Thy greatness extend Thy munificence towards me.

In the 18th century, sugar replaced piracy as Jamaica's main source of income. The sugar industry was labour-intensive and the British brought hundreds of thousands of enslaved Africans to Jamaica. By 1832, the median-size plantation in Jamaica had about 150 slaves, and nearly one of every four bondsmen lived on units that had at least 250 slaves.Robert William Fogel, "Slavery in the New World".

Society must pursue economic justice and the economy must serve people, not the other way around. Employers must not "look upon their work people as their bondsmen, but ... respect in every man his dignity as a person ennobled by Christian character."Rerum novarum § 20. Employers contribute to the common good through the services or products they provide and by creating jobs that uphold the dignity and rights of workers.

He previously headed Bounty Hunter Tactical Supply Co. after Duane Lee moved to Florida. In April 2013, Duane "Dog" Chapman's new television show, Dog and Beth: On the Hunt, debuted on CMT. The show features Dog, Beth, and Leland traveling across the country giving bail bondsmen business advice and assisting them with bounties. The pilot episode featured Chapman and Dog working together for the first time since the split in 2012.

The following summer their forces sailed from Norway to Shetland, where they were well received by the local bondsmen. Meanwhile, Frakökk and Ölvir assembled a small fleet of twelve ships in the Suðreyjar—although the saga describes the ships as small and poorly manned. At the middle of summer, Frakökk and Ölvir sailed for Orkney to fulfil their pledge of wresting the earldom from Earl Páll.Anderson, J 1873: pp. 85–87.

And the Sifra read , "whom I took out of the land of Egypt" to imply that God took the Israelites out on the condition that they not be sold as slaves are sold.Sifra Parashat Behar, Parashah 6 (257:1:1–2), in, e.g., Sifra: An Analytical Translation. Translated by Jacob Neusner, volume 3, page 336. Rabbi Joḥanan read , “They shall not be sold as bondsmen,” to prohibit abduction.

Between 1783 and 1790 both John and Martin Armstrong were accused of becoming involved in activities of fraudulent land grant documentation. The initial report of wrongdoing was reported to a North Carolina senator by Andrew Jackson. Southwest Territory governor William Blount was also accused of wrongdoing in the scandal. Ultimately, a judgment for £50,000 was levied against the bondsmen for General Armstrong by the state of North Carolina.

In the 1850s "there were increasing efforts to restrict the right to hold bondsmen on the grounds that slaves should be kept 'as far as possible under the control of white men only.'"Oakes pp. 47–49. In his 1985 statewide study of black slaveholders in South Carolina, Larry Koger challenged this benevolent view. He found that the majority of black slaveholders appeared to hold at least some of their slaves for commercial reasons.

However, thief-takers were usually hired by crime victims, while bounty hunters were paid by bail bondsmen to catch fugitives who skipped their court appearances and hence forfeited their bail. Both types also collected bounties offered by the authorities. Sometimes, thief-takers would act as go-betweens, negotiating the return of stolen goods for a fee. However, they were often corrupt themselves, for example extorting protection money from the crooks they were supposed to catch.

The new courthouse was designed by Toledo, Ohio native Edward Fallis, who designed many courthouses in several states. In 1884, the county hired Allen & VanTassel of Ionia to construct the building for $47,460. However, costs were overrun, and Allen & VanTassel turned the work over to their bondsmen, Knapp, Avery & Co. Despite some legal wrangling, the courthouse was completed the next year. Since then, it has served as the seat of the county government.

Pete was born and raised in Cow Hollow (now known as the Marina District) of San Francisco. With his brother, Pete grew up to take over the saloon previously owned by his father, located Kearny and Clay Streets. The bar was located close to the Hall of Justice, on Montgomery Street. This led the brothers to open the first bail bondsmen business at "the corner," as it was called at the time, in 1896.

The raids were either mounted independently or under the orders of the Sultanate of Sulu and the Sultanate of Maguindanao, whom the Iranun and Banguingui were subjects of. Unlike the captives of traditional raiders in the rest of the Philippines (who were treated as bondsmen, rather than true slaves), male captives of the Iranun and the Banguingui were treated brutally, even fellow Muslim captives were not spared. Female captives, however, were usually treated better.

In 1866, sureties made an $8,000 cash bond for Edward McGuire in Connecticut, after he was charged with grand larceny. While awaiting trial in Connecticut, McGuire returned to his home in New York. Unknown to the bondsmen in Connecticut, McGuire was wanted in Maine for another felony. Upon request from the Governor of Maine later in 1866, the Governor of New York extradited McGuire to Maine, where he was convicted of burglary in 1867 and imprisoned for fifteen years.

Among them were crime-scene cleaners, bail bondsmen, cow milkers, brothel hookers, bicycle cops, coal miners, and porn overdubbers. Memorable episodes include a visit to Chicago's world-famous The Wieners Circle, where the staff routinely got in cursing matches with their customers, and a visit to a Phoenix nudist camp. Throughout the run of the show, Attell carried around a one-time-use film camera and took pictures of random events, which would be shown during the end-credits.

On Sunday, April 25, 1971, youths attempted to re-open access to the park by holding a baseball game there. Five police squad cars and a paddy wagon responded, and arrested 21 youths. The People's Defense Committee promptly mobilized lawyers and bail bondsmen to provide assistance to those arrested. A demonstration of 100 youths was held outside the Royal Oak police station, but the police announced their intention to continue arresting youths who gathered at the park.

Bill secured bondsmen and gained release, then hired attorneys to defend Grat, who was jailed in Visalia. Bob and Emmett had borrowed money and supplies from their brothers, Cole and Lit; they crossed the Mojave Desert. After their horses were discovered at Ludlow, California, Sheriff Kay decided to pursue them with his deputy, Jim Ford. He discovered that the brothers were actually making their way to Utah to throw him off, tracking them to the town of Ogden, Utah.

The less frequent second type allows for some Gubernatorial discretion. These cases can involve bad checks or failure to pay child support but they still must be criminal matters. Bounty hunters and bondsmen once had unlimited authority to capture fugitives, even outside the state where they were wanted by the courts. When they deliver such a person, this is considered rendition, as it did not involve the intervention of the justice system in the state of capture.

Thereafter, Luqman's owner held him in great respect. Luqman was consulted by many people for advice, and the fame of his wisdom spread all over the country. The Hadith teaches that for some bondsmen, a high rank has been determined but sometimes, that bondsman has not acquired the good deeds to reach to such a high rank. Hence, Allah causes him to become involved with some calamity, which if he accepts and bears patiently, he is able to reach that high position.

Schimmel 347 Sufi literature had more academic concerns besides just the jurisprudential and theological works seen in madrasa. There were three major categories of mystical works studied in South Asia: hagiographical writing, discourses of the teacher, and letters of the master. Sufis also studied various other manuals describing code of conduct, adab (Islam). In fact, the text (trans.) "Path of God's Bondsmen from Origin to Return" written by a Persian Sufi saint, Najm al-Din Razi, spread throughout India during the authors' lifetime.

The story begins as Police Lt. Nick Ferrone (Jim Backus) explains what bail bondsmen do and tells the viewers the setting is Los Angeles. One such man is Vince Kane (George Raft), a former police detective who worked with Ferrone. When one of his customers, Claude Brackett (Bill Williams), is murdered, Kane decides to investigate. He has two reasons for investigating: the curiosity of a former cop and it seems that he has fallen in love with Brackett's widow Lucy, an old flame.

Shortly thereafter, however, he had to forgo the greater part of his new acquisition, but Wolfersweiler, along with Rohrbach, the Count of Veldenz managed to keep. In 1386, Johann von Lewenstein paid Count of Veldenz Heinrich 100 Gulden (roughly equivalent to €4000 or €5000 in modern funds) for his villages, courts, paupers, water and meadowland at “Roirbach, Zingswilre und Rickwilre” along with three bondsmen outside these villages. In 1428, the Count of Veldenz awarded the court fief to the House of Winterbecher.

Over the decades, the sugar plantations began expanding as the transatlantic trade continued to prosper. In 1832, the median-size plantation in Jamaica had about 150 slaves, and nearly one of every four bondsmen lived on units that had at least 250 slaves. For about 100 years, Barbados remained the richest of all the European colonies in the Caribbean region. The colony's prosperity remained regionally unmatched until sugar cane production expanded in larger colonies, such as Saint-Domingue and Jamaica.

Published by Australia and New Zealand American Studies Association Stable URL: Robert S. Starobin stated that the work "provides an extreme example of the problem of antislavery romanticism in a slave narrative", citing also Philip D. Curtin's opinion that it was a "blatant forgery".Robert S. Starobin, "Privileged Bondsmen and the Process of Accommodation: The Role of Houseservants and Drivers as Seen in Their Own Letters", Journal of Social History Vol. 5, No. 1 (Autumn 1971), pp. 46–70, at p.

After the opening of the Ohio and Erie Canal in the 1830s, Cleveland became a destination for fugitive slaves and the bondsmen who tracked them. Before the Civil War, slaves moved through Ohio's Underground Railroad network that extended two hundred and fifty miles from Ripley to Cleveland. Known by the secret code name "Hope," Cleveland became a destination for freedom seekers making their way north to Canada. Persons seeking freedom were often aided by abolitionists in University Circle, formerly a part of East Cleveland Township.

The Qur'anic verses encountered throughout the book are the loom on which it is woven, a particular sense for each verse being implied by the context in which it occurs."The Path of God's Bondsmen: From Origin to Return." Quoted from page 17-18 Another prominent feature of the book is the frequency with which it draws parallels between the inner and the outer worlds, particularly with references to processes of growth and development i.e. seed, tree, branch, fruit; the emergence of the hen from the egg.

More than one of every five Houstonians during this period was an enslaved person.Beeth and Wintz (1992), p. 15. Though the percentage of bondsmen in Houston was comparable to those of other southern cities, there was a lower proportion of slaveowners. The practice of "hiring out" enslaved persons was common in Houston at the eve of the Civil War. Houston's total population grew to 4,428 by 1860, and its footprint expanded to the southwest by several blocks, reaching to a part of current-day Hadley Street.

It was hindered by the lack of an overall supervising engineer; overseers were having to improvise as best they could. The work required much manual labor and difficult blasting, and Rumsey found himself directing a large and restive gang of about a hundred workmen, including leased slaves and bondsmen, encamped in a remote area, without adequate supplies. After a year Rumsey said he would resign if not given an increase in pay. His resignation was accepted and his assistant, Richardson Stewart, was given his job.

Family Bonds (2004) Director, Executive Producer: explores the lives of the Evangelistas, a family of bail bondsmen and bounty hunters in Long Island. #1 Single (2006) Executive Producer: documents the dating life of singer Lisa Loeb. Kimora: Life in the Fab Lane (2007–2008) Executive Producer: Documents the life and Baby Phat fashion empire of former model Kimora Lee Simmons. "Amish: Out of Order" (2012) Executive Producer: Documents Mose Gingerich, an Ex-Amish man living in Missouri, and the group of Ex-Amish youths he guides and helps to adapt to English society.

In modern times, bounty hunters are known as bail enforcement agent or fugitive recovery agents (bail bondsmen), and carry out arrests mostly of those who have skipped bail. The term "bounty hunting" is neither often used nor liked by many in the profession due to its historical associations. Bounty hunters are sometimes misleadingly called skiptracers, where skiptracing is searching for an individual through less direct methods than active pursuit and apprehension. When undertaking arrest warrants, agents may wear bullet-resistant vests, badges, and other clothing bearing the inscription "bail enforcement agent" or similar titles.

He refused to resign from his mayoral office, and was recalled in March 2011. Rizzo was released from jail after Los Angeles County Superior Court Judge Mary Lou Villar determined that the funds posted for his $2-million bail were not linked to any of the monies he acquired in Bell. Rizzo was required to turn in his passport and wear an electronic monitoring device. The bail bondsmen hired on for Rizzo's $2 million bail, James Demayo and Morris Demayo, negotiated for several weeks with the prosecutor Max Huntsman on getting his bail approved.

Other speakers included Hammett biographers Diane Johnson and William F. Nolan, bounty hunter Tiny Boyles, people who knew Hammett including Jerome Weidman, and coroners, crime reporters, FBI agents, and bail bondsmen. The San Francisco chapter also staged special events, such as a "shootout" conducted at the 1981 Marin Designers Showcase in Mill Valley, California, which resulted in the police being called."Marin Showcase opens with a bang" by Tony Lewis and Jorie Parr, Mill Valley Record, September 16, 1981, pp. 1, 3 The New York chapter became inactive in the late 1980s.

It was a substantial village in the late 13th century, when Monkseaton Manor was one of ten manors of Tynemouth Priory, with fifteen bondsmen, ten cotmen and three freeholds listed in 1292. The remains of a medieval brewery wall are still to be seen alongside the Monkseaton Arms public house. In the Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales of 1872, the population was recorded as 421 in 80 houses; this gave the village an area of 1,110 acres. It was described as having a large brewery and several collieries.

A Roma village in Romania after the abolition of slavery, 1884 The Romanian abolitionists debated on the future of the former slaves both before and after the laws were passed. This issue became interconnected with the "peasantry issue", an important goal of the being eliminating the corvée and turning bondsmen into small landowners.Achim (2010) p.27 The Ursari (nomadic bear handlers) were the most reticent to the idea of settling down because they saw settling down as becoming slaves again on the owner of the land where they settled.

Bondgate was for the workers: bondsmen and tenants. A leper hospital was founded on the road to Harewood beyond Cross Green. As well as farming and use of woodland, important local activities were quarrying stone, and the manufacture of potash from bracken, used to make a soap which therefore supported a community carrying out fulling, the cleansing and finishing of woollen cloth on Watergate. The Chevin provided stone for building (and millstones) as well as bracken, wood and common grazing, while the river provided reeds for thatching houses.

Pirate recruitment was most effective among the unemployed, escaped bondsmen, and transported criminals, as the high seas made for an instant leveling of class distinctions. They were freed African slaves, displaced English seamen, Native Americans, and a scattering of social outcasts from Europe and elsewhere. In a gesture of goodwill toward Captain Prince who had surrendered without a struggle--and who in any case may have been favorably known by reputation to the pirate crew-- Bellamy gave Sultana to Prince, along with £20 in silver and gold (). Cap't. Prince under the same colors.

While on parole, the prisoner has an incentive not to violate the terms, lest the bond be forfeited, which would likely cause difficulties in obtaining the surety of family, friends, or bondsmen in the future. Parole bonds are sometimes used as a way of relieving overcrowded prisons.SB 441 Senate Bill - INTRODUCED It is based on the very similar concept of bail bonds; and just as with bail bonds, some statutes allow the bondsman to get back all or a portion of the bond by surrendering the prisoner to the authorities. This may require the use of bounty hunters to locate and capture him.

Mitchell said he would leave the Democratic Party in December 2001 because the governor's legislative redistricting map, by merging the 47th district into his 44th, hurt minority representation. Mitchell was publicly reprimanded in February 2002 for accepting a $10,000 loan as a State Delegate in 1997 from businessmen (including two city bail bondsmen) with issues before the legislature, a loan on which no payments had been made five years later. Mitchell was also fined $350 in 2001 for failing to submit required annual financial disclosure forms in a timely manner. Mitchell endorsed Republican Bob Ehrlich for governor in May 2002.

A long essay on slavery in the first series of Friends in Council was subsequently elaborated into a work in two volumes published in 1848 and 1852, called The Conquerors of the New World and their Bondsmen. Helps went to Spain in 1847 to examine the numerous manuscripts bearing upon his subject at Madrid. The fruits of these researches were embodied in a historical work based upon his Conquerors of the New World, and called The Spanish Conquest in America, and its Relation to the History of Slavery and the Government of Colonies (4 vols, 1855, 1857-1861).

Furthermore, the economic incentives of bonding for profit make it less likely that defendants charged with minor crimes (who are assigned lower amounts of bail) will be released. This is because a bail bondsman will not find it profitable to work on matters where the percentage of profit would yield $10 or $20. As such, bail bondsmen help release people with higher amounts of bail who are also charged with higher crimes, creating an imbalance in the numbers of people charged with minor crimes (low level misdemeanors) and increasing jail expenditures for this category of crimes.

Most of the former bondsmen lived in New Orleans and the southern part of the state (the Catholic region of Louisiana). More than in other areas of the South, many free blacks in New Orleans were middle class and well-educated; many were property owners. Catholics only started to become a significant part of the overall US population in the 1840s with the arrival of poor Irish and Southern Italian immigrants who congregated in urban Northern and non-slaveholding areas. Despite the issuance of In supremo apostolatus, the American church continued in deeds, if not in public discourse, to support slaveholding interests.

The English Place Names Society gives the derivation of Natland as the Old Norse Natlundr, meaning 'Nati's wood', Nati being either a mythological name or a proper name and lundr meaning 'a small wood, a sacred grove'. However Nicolson and Burn's 1777 History and antiquities of the counties of Westmorland and Cumberland describes Natland as "a small manor or lordship, containing only about 30 families. It seems to have had its name from the Nativi or bondsmen probably placed there, as attendant upon the capital lord at Kendal Castle to do servile offices." The earliest recorded use of the name is in 1164.

Angantyr refused to share with Hlöd and said that he had no right to inherit, but in recompense Hlöd would get lances, wealth, cattle, a thousand thralls, a thousand horses and a thousand armoured bondsmen. Before leaving all of them would receive riches and a maid. Hlöd would get his measure in silver and gold, and he would be given a whole third of the land of the Goths to rule. However, Gizur Grytingalidi, the aged king of the Geats, who was visiting in order to bid farewell to his dead foster-son Heidrek, thought that Angantyr was too generous.

By the 1820s and '30s, individuals and groups had emerged with degrees of commitment to equal rights for black men and women, but no national anti-slavery movement existed at the time Walker's Appeal was published.See Aptheker, 1965, for discussion on this point. As historian Herbert Aptheker wrote: > To be an Abolitionist was not for the faint-hearted. The slaveholders > represented for the first half of the nineteenth century the most closely > knit and most important single economic unit in the nation, their millions > of bondsmen and millions of acres of land comprising an investment of > billions of dollars.

Rising film star Robert Mitchum reprises the role of the honest police Captain Thomas McQuigg, the same character director Cromwell had performed on Broadway in 1927.IMDb, Other Works Cromwell’s film version is a dark and pessimistic noir which parades the gangsterism of “the business corporation structure…the brainless thugs...the crooked bail bondsmen and cops and corrupt judges to the unseen ‘Man’ at the top.” The film, which includes suspenseful and effective fight scenes delivers “capable entertainment.” As familiar with the material as Cromwell was, RKO’s Howard Hughes rejected his final cut and enlisted director Nicholas Ray to shoot additional scenes.

Nepas were mentioned as a tribe who were under the sway of Pandava king Yudhishthira:- The Nipas, the Chitrakas, the Kukkuras, the Karaskaras, and the Lauha-janghas are living in the palace of Yudhishthira like bondsmen (MBh 2:49). Nepas gave tribute to Yudhishthira during his Rajasuya sacrifice:- Numberless Chinas and Sakas and Uddras and many barbarous tribes living in the woods, and many Vrishnis and Harahunas, and dusky tribes of the Himavat, and many Nipas and people residing in regions on the sea-coast, waited with tribute at the gate (of king Yudhishthira) (2:5).

On its conquest by the Dorians its inhabitants were reduced to slavery; and, according to a common opinion in antiquity, their name became the general designation of the Spartan bondsmen, helots, but the name of these slaves (εἵλωτες) probably signified captives, and was derived from the root of ἑλεῖν.: the account differs a little in In the time of Strabo Helos was only a village; and when it was visited by Pausanias, it was in ruins. Helos is also mentioned by Thucydides, Xenophon, and Stephanus of Byzantium. It is tentatively located at a site called Agios Stephanos, in the modern community of Elos.

Most bounty hunters in the United States are employed by bail bondsmen: the bounty hunter is usually paid about 10% of the total bail amount, but this commission can vary on an individual, case-by-case basis; usually depending upon the difficulty level of the assignment and the approach used to exonerate the bail bond. If the fugitive eludes bail, the bondsman, not the bounty hunter, is responsible for 100% of the total bail amount. This is a way of ensuring clients arrive at trial. As of 2003, bounty hunters claimed to catch 31,500 bail jumpers per year, about 90% of people who jump bail.

There were several groups of peasants who had varying levels of rights, and their status changed over time, gradually degrading from a yeoman-like status to full serfdom. Conversely, the least privileged class of the bondsmen, the niewolni or outright slaves (formed primarily from prisoners-of-war), gradually disappeared over the same period. By the late 12th century, peasantry could be divided into the free peasants (wolni or liberi), with the right to leave and relocate, and bonded subjects (poddani or obnoxii), without the right to leave. All peasants who held land from a feudal lord had to perform services or deliver goods to their lord.

The land-grant system had broken down, and Mongol-favoured officials, along with a handful of landed gentry, owned the vast majority of agricultural land, which was worked by tenant farmers and bondsmen. However, King Gongmin's attempt at land reform was met with opposition and subterfuge from those officials who were supposed to implement his reforms, as they were landowners themselves. The Wokou were also a problem encountered during King Gongmin's reign. The Wokou had been troubling the peninsula for some time and had become well-organized military marauders raiding deep into the country, rather than the "hit-and-run" bandits they started as.

For this support, the brothers often expected support from organized labor when they were in trouble. McDonough was a product of the post-earthquake Abe Ruef days of civic corruption. During his years as the pre-eminent bondsmen in San Francisco, McDonough was accused of bribery, perjury, suborning witnesses, tampering with judges, bootlegging, corrupting officials, and controlling and paying off police. A 1919 Grand Jury exonerated San Francisco District Attorney Charles Fickert from charges made by John B. Densmore, investigator from Washington, Director General of Employment, in the framing of Thomas Mooney and Warren Billings and for Fickert having conspired with McDonough in the freeing of wealthy defendants.

Although different cultures had different terms to describe them, this three-tier structure invariably consisted of an apex nobility class, a class of "freemen", and a class of dependent debtor-bondsmen called "alipin" or "oripun." Among the members of the nobility class were leaders who held the political office of "Datu," which was responsible for leading autonomous social groups called "barangay" or "dulohan". Whenever these barangays banded together, either to form a larger settlement or a geographically looser alliance group, the more senior or respected among them would be recognized as a "paramount datu", variedly called a Lakan, Sultan, Rajah, or simply a more senior Datu.

Realizing that their properties were more profitable if rented out to tenant farmers rather that worked by enslaved people, the Jesuits began selling off their bondsmen in 1837. In one of the more famous examples of this, the Jesuit leadership of Georgetown College, in Washington, D.C., sold off 272 enslaved persons in 1838 (often known as the Georgetown 272 or GU272) in order to raise money for the struggling school. Most of these people ended up near Maringouin, Louisiana, where many of their descendants still live. Although Louisiana was one of the slaveholding states, it also had one of largest populations of formerly enslaved people in the United States.

The commission heard testimony from a thousand citizens, policemen, judges, lawyers and defendants about unjust treatment before the law prompted by allegations of corruption in police and court systems. The Seabury investigation into the Magistrate's Courts exposed the conspiracy of judges, attorneys, police and bail bondsmen to extort money from defendants facing trial. The Magistrate's Court of the City of New York was the Court in which those people charged with certain crimes first encountered the justice system. Throughout the autumn of 1930, the Seabury Commission heard more than 1,000 witnesses — judges, lawyers, police officers and former defendants — describe a pattern of false arrests, fraudulent bail bonds, and imprisonment.

Translated by Jacob Neusner, page 428. Rabbi Josiah taught that we learn the formal prohibition against kidnapping from the words "You shall not steal" in (20:13 in the NJPS) (since and merely state the punishment for abduction). Rabbi Johanan taught that we learn it from , "They shall not be sold as bondsmen." The Gemara harmonized the two positions by concluding that Rabbi Josiah referred to the prohibition for abduction, while Rabbi Johanan referred to the prohibition for selling a kidnapped person. Similarly, the Rabbis taught in a Baraita that (20:13 in the NJPS), "You shall not steal," refers to the stealing of human beings.

As farmland became more commercialised in Scotland during the 18th century, land was often rented through auctions. This led to an inflation of rents that priced many tenants out of the market.bbc.co.uk: "Scotland's forgotten clearances" 16 May 2003 Furthermore, changes in agricultural practice meant the replacement of part-time labourer or subtenants (known as cottars, cottagers, or bondsmen) with full-time agricultural labourers who lived either on the main farm or in rented accommodation in growing or newly founded villages. This led many contemporary writers and modern historians to associate the Agricultural Revolution with the disappearance of cottars and their way of life from many parts of the southern Scotland.

In fact, the bill was called for by the glaring anomalies in the distribution of seats by which a minority of voters in the country districts returned a majority of members, and it left the towns still inadequately represented. The bill was supported by two or three Dutch members, who were the object of violent attack by the Bondsmen. It became law, and the elections for the additional seats were held in July, after the close of the session. They resulted in strengthening the Progressive majority both in the House of Assembly and in the legislative council - where the Progressives previously had a majority of one only.

About 1180, Illerich had its first certain documentary mention in the St. Matthias Mirakeln, which mentioned a “wonderful event” in villa Elrecha. The first documentary mention with an exact date comes from 1256; it is a document under whose terms Archbishop Arnold II of Isenburg approved the transfer of bondsmen from Ilriche to Himmerod Abbey. A document dated 15 August 1324, in which Sir Paul von Eich, Electoral-Trier Burgrave at Neuerburg, is named as the owner of holdings in Illerich, mentions the donation of an estate in Illerich to Rosenthal Monastery in 1321. It was also mentioned in 1331 that Himmerod Abbey had holdings here.

1\. This difficulty rests upon the descendants of the Collas, the bright host of Liathdruim, that they do not know the amount of their stipend, from the king of bright Fuaid. 2\. Here is the tradition—I shall relate it for you— of the descendants of gentle Cairpre: learn, people of Fál of the fiana, the handsome stipends of the Airgialla... 16\. The king of Dartraige, a flame of valour, is entitled to four bondsmen of great labour, four swords hard in battle, four horses, and four golden shields... 20\. Here is the tradition of the hosts, whom Benén always loved: it is a great difficulty to all the learned, save him who is expert in testimony.

The palace once housed the Banco dei Poveri (Bank of the Poor) arose between the sixteenth century in Naples, and along with nearly eight other such institutions, it was later consolidated into the Banco di Napoli. These institutions served as pawnshops, almshouses, and in the case of the Banco dei Poveri, the proximity to the courts at the Vicaria (Castel Capuano) meant that they often serves as bails-bondsmen. A story, perhaps apocryphal, by Carlo Cerano about the origins of the bank support the latter function. The bank staff was composed of lay religious congregations, and its funds were amassed through alms, income from rental properties, and donations, in the latter case, often of inheritances.

Pfister worked behind the scenes to push bills through the Republican legislature that absolved the former treasurers and their bondsmen. The bills were reluctantly signed by stalwart-backed governor William H. Upham.The History of Wisconsin, Volume IV, The Progressive Era 1893-1914, by John D. Buenker, 1998, the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, pp.408-409La Follette's Winning of Wisconsin, by Albert O. Barton, Homestead Company Press, Iowa, pp.42-43 Doubting Upham's re- electability in the next election, Pfister and other members of the state's machine met in a hotel room during the 1896 Republican convention in St. Louis and decided Edward Scofield would be the next Republican nominee for Wisconsin governor.

The Bondsmen were more lavish than their opponents in their promises to the natives and even invited an African journalist (who declined) to stand for a seat in the Assembly. In view of the agitation then proceeding for the introduction of Chinese coolies to work the mines on the Rand, the Progressives declared their intention, if returned, to exclude them from the colony, and this declaration gained them some native votes. The polling (in January and February 1904) resulted in a Progressive majority of five in a house of 95 members. The rejected candidates included prominent Bond supporters like Mr Merriman and Mr Sauer, and also Sir Gordon Sprigg and Mr A. Douglass, another member of the cabinet.

When McGuire failed to appear for trial in Connecticut in October 1866, the cash bond was forfeited. The Connecticut bondsmen sought relief from the forfeiture on grounds that they were not at fault in failing to secure McGuire's appearance, but rather that his nonappearance was the result of his extradition to Maine—an intervening "act of law" under the Extradition Clause of the U.S. Constitution. The Supreme Court, by a vote of 4 to 3 (two justices recused themselves) held that the sureties were at fault and were not protected by the Extradition Clause. The sureties' "supineness and neglect" in failing to keep up with McGuire and to inform the New York authorities of the pending Connecticut case caused McGuire's nonappearance.

In African cultures, call-and-response is a widespread pattern of democratic participation—in public gatherings, in the discussion of civic affairs, in religious rituals, as well as in vocal and instrumental musical expression (see call and response in music). African bondsmen and bondswomen in the Americas continued this practice over the centuries in various forms of expression—in religious observance; public gatherings; even in children's rhymes; and, most notably, in music in its multiple forms: blues, gospel, rhythm and blues, soul, jazz, hip-hop and go- go. Many work songs sung on plantations by enslaved men and women also incorporate the call and response format. African-American Women Work Songs incorporate the call and response format, a format that fosters dialogue.

This understanding was first tested in November 2004, after Canadian citizen Kenneth Weckwerth was abducted from Golden Lake, Ontario by American bail bondsmen Reginald Bailey and Robert Carden Roberts. The two handcuffed him and headed for the United States. After crossing into the U.S. via the Rainbow Bridge, all three were arrested in Niagara Falls, New York, the two bounty hunters on charges of illegally smuggling an alien into the United States, and Weckwerth on the drug trafficking charges outstanding against him in Ohio for which the bounty hunters had kidnapped him. Marty Littlefield, Assistant U.S. Attorney for the Western District of New York, initially stated that Weckwerth's allegedly voluntary entrance into the U.S. without resisting his captors meant he was "not entitled to return to Canada".

The charter was twice copied by Gregory of Catino: in the Prae-Regestum and the Regestum Farfense. This Papal privilege (privilegium) included a confirmation of the abbey's first (undatable) grant of land, from Duke Faroald II of Spoleto. The charter refers only vaguely to lands which were apparently demesne, quoting a letter the Pope had received from Faroald.The wording in the letter is “aliquas donationes nostras in cespitibus vel servis et coloniciis” (some donations of ours in lands, slaves and bondsmen), cf. Costambeys, 74 and 254–55. (Gregory made an effort to identify the extent of this donation by looking to oral sources, and he quoted "very old venerable elders, with true testimony related to them by their predecessors" who equated Faroald's donation to eleven curtes of about 11,000 modia in total.

Louis, Missouri) · Sun, Jul 24, 1910 · Page 5 One of his St. Louis bondsmen stated that after Haynes left St. Louis he moved to Seattle, WA, "and was in a successful land deal with the Mayor of that city but later lost all his money and that of his associates." The bondsman continued, "He went to Spokane and got into trouble there, but his friends, realizing his ability, put him in charge of 'an evening' newspaper, with absolutely no handling of money, and he succeeded as a manager."St. Louis Post-Dispatch (St. Louis, Missouri) · Mon, Jul 25, 1910 · Page 1 Haynes later left out the parts about Seattle, having had problems in Spokane prior to taking on the newspaper, and the intervention of friends to prevent his access to money in a short autobiography.

The Romanian social elite, chiefly made up of aldermen (iudices or knezes), managed to procure few writs of donation; they had ruled over their villages according to the old law of the land (ius valachicum, with its feudal version, ius keneziale); their lands were, to a great extent, expropriated. Lacking a recognized title to real property, the Eastern Orthodox Romanian elite was not able any more to maintain an Estate of their own and to participate in the country's assemblies. Insofar as a Romanian elite was preserved, it adjusted to these circumstances by converting to Roman Catholicism and being absorbed into Hungarian Catholic aristocratic estate (nobilis Hungarus). Those Romanian knezes (and voivods) who did not convert and could not gain the desired privileges gradually declined into the ranks of subjects or even bondsmen.

The typical fresh-water fish-pond in Norman Ireland would have been stocked with European perch, roach, bream, tench, and pike (regarded as great delicacy), and later with carp. An excellent example of a monastic fishpond, in use since medieval times, is that of the Benedictine Abbey of Kremsmünster in Upper Austria. Unlike other manors, however, the priory of Ballybeg does not appear to have had an enclosure for deer. Like its Bridgetown counterpart, Ballybeg, in which the de Roches also had a part in its foundation and endowment, was probably held from the de Barrys in frankalmoign and included rights such as gallows and baronial courts for all contentious issues and pleas arising on the abbey's domain among its tenants and bondsmen, excepting those reserved to the crown.

For example, private bail bondsmen help enforce the laws requiring those released on bail to appear for trial. If the defendant disappears, the bondsman may hire a bounty hunter to find them and bring them back. The bondsman also has a monetary incentive to make an accurate assessment as to the defendant's likelihood of jumping bail; if he declines to grant a bond to an individual who would have shown up to trial, then he loses business, but if he grants bail to a person who jumps bail, then he suffers a financial loss. The government does not have such incentives built into its decisionmaking mechanisms for pretrial release. In the mid-1960s, Florida Governor Claude Kirk commissioned Wackenhut Services for a $500,000 "war on organized crime" contract that led to more than 80 criminal indictments, including many local politicians and government employees.

By her own account she was born in Dublin, Ireland, the sixth daughter of Dr. Stephen Dennis Crawford and Sydney Scott; but "No record has been found of that marriage or of the birthdates and birthplaces of at least six children, of whom Isabella wrote that she was the sixth." The family was in Canada by 1857; in that year, Dr. Crawford applied for a licence to practise medicine in Canada West and started to practise in Paisley, Canada West. "In a few years, disease had taken nine of the twelve children, and a small medical practice had reduced the family to semi- poverty." Dr. Crawford served as Treasurer of Paisley Township, but "a scandal of a missing $500 in misappropriated Township funds and the subsequent suicide of one of his bondsmen" caused the family to leave Paisley in 1861.

The following duties bind the wealthy owner and the employer: not to > look upon their work-people as their bondsmen, but to respect in every man > his dignity as a person ennobled by Christian character. They are reminded > that, according to natural reason and Christian philosophy, working for gain > is creditable, not shameful, to a man, since it enables him to earn an > honorable livelihood; but to misuse men as though they were things in the > pursuit of gain, or to value them solely for their physical powers—that is > truly shameful and inhuman. Again justice demands that, in dealing with the > working man, religion and the good of his soul must be kept in mind. Hence, > the employer is bound to see that the worker has time for his religious > duties; that he be not exposed to corrupting influences and dangerous > occasions; and that he be not led away to neglect his home and family, or to > squander his earnings.

In the United States, this includes bounty hunters (agents of bail bondsmen) acting under the authority of a bench warrant to bring a criminal defendant who has skipped bail to court for trial. #A police officer, or a person authorized by a jurisdiction's police powers act, may arrest anyone whom the officer has probable cause to believe has committed any criminal offence. However, in the case of a misdemeanour, summary conviction offence, or non-criminal offence (such as a municipal by-law offence) the officer may arrest the suspect only long enough to identify the suspect and give the suspect a summons to appear in court, unless there is reason to believe they will not appear in answer to the summons. #Any person may arrest someone suspected of committing a felony or indictable offence, as long as the arresting person believes the suspect is attempting to flee the scene of the felony.

Ministeriales (or "ministerials", as Anglicized by Benjamin Arnold) of the post-Classical period who were not in the royal household were at first bondsmen or serfs taken from the servi proprii, or household servants (as opposed to the servi casati who were already tilling the land on a tenure.) These servants were entrusted with special responsibilities by their overlords, such as the management of a farm, administration of finances (chancery) or of various possessions. Free nobles (Edelfreie) disliked entering into servile relationships with other nobles, so lords of a necessity recruited bailiffs, administrators and officials from among their unfree servants who could also fulfill a household warrior role.Freed, RMGN 569 From the 11th century the term came to denote functionaries living as members of the knightly class with either a lordship of their own or one delegated from a higher lord as well as some political influence (inter alia the exercise of offices at court). Kings placed military requirements upon their princes, who in turn, placed requirements upon their vassals.

Smith 2013, p18 After the repeated rejection of compensated emancipation plans, Lincoln began to contemplate a presidential emancipation decree in mid-1862. On July 17, 1862, Congress passed the Militia Act which emancipated Confederate bondsmen employed by the Union army and authorized the president to receive into service blacks for "any military or naval service for which they may be found competent", authorizing the enlistment of blacks although intended to only apply to slaves of disloyal slave-owners and not to free blacks or slaves of loyal border state slave-owners. That same day, congress passed the Second Confiscation Act, which authorized the emancipation of slaves of people engaged in rebellion.Smith 2013, p19-20 Lincoln was slow to enact the provisions of the Second Confiscation Act, which was criticized by abolitionists, particularly Frederick Douglass.Smith 2013, p20 On July 21, 1862, four days after signing the Militia and Second Confiscation Acts, Lincoln met with his cabinet to inform them that he intended to implement the military and emancipation provisions of the acts, but not the colonization, and the next day he shared with the cabinet the preliminary emancipation proclamation.

This exodus was planned over three years, in the course of which Orgetorix conspired with two noblemen from neighbouring tribes, Casticus of the Sequani and Dumnorix of the Aedui, that each should accomplish a coup d'état in his own country, after which the three new kings would collaborate. When word of his aspirations to make himself king reached the Helvetii, Orgetorix was summoned to stand trial, facing execution on the pyre should he be found guilty. For the time being, he averted a verdict by arriving at the hearing set for him with ten thousand followers and bondsmen; yet before the large force mustered by the authorities could apprehend him, he died under unexplained circumstances, the Helvetii believed by his own hand.. Nevertheless, the Helvetii did not give up their planned emigration, but burned their homes in 58 BC. They were joined by a number of tribal groups from neighbouring regions: the Raurici, the Latobrigi, the Tulingi and a group of Boii, who had besieged Noreia.. They abandoned their homes completely with the intention of settling among the Santones (Saintonge). The easiest route would take them through the Rhône valley, and thus through the Roman Provincia Narbonensis.