1000 Sentences With "biota" | Random Sentence Generator

It's not hard to imagine these mobile critters dominating the biota that came before them, but scientists need fossils that preserve both Ediacaran biota and early animals to prove this hypothesis, and examine its underlying ecological dynamics.

Image: Biota BeatsEven famous artists are now getting into microbial beat-making.

"Our results make these iconic members of the Ediacara biota the oldest confirmed macroscopic animals in the rock record, indicating that the appearance of the Ediacara biota was indeed a prelude to the Cambrian explosion of animal life," conclude the researchers in the study.

The closer, "Biota," evokes serene and simmering euphoria, teasing out a classic chord and arpeggio interplay.

The biota from this locality is known for being diverse, rich, and best of all, huge.

The researchers will conduct a multitude of studies to reveal many aspects of the Qingjiang biota, Zhang said.

Because they appear to have had no hard skeletal features, Ediacaran biota are extremely rare in the fossil record.

Image: Biota BeatsThe symphony of all that bacteria winds up sounding like some kind of etherial beatscape from outer space.

The Geological Survey has begun studies on fish and aquatic biota to see how these other life forms are affected.

Some of the oldest life on Earth, including those sponges and algal mats, is referred to as the Ediacaran Biota.

Dr. Schiffbauer and Dr. Selly specialize in the group of fossils that Cloudina is a member of, the Ediacara biota.

In other words, we may be able to create medicines and/or therapies from our gut biota to delay age-related disorders.

"I certainly don't think one can conclude from our study that all is well with the biota of the world," he said.

Surprisingly, only eight species were shared with the Chengjiang biota, another similarly aged Burgess Shale-type fossil site 1,050 kilometers (652 miles) away.

One thing's for certain, though: The Ediacaran biota appear to drop off the face of the planet when the earliest animals show up.

David Kong, an MIT synthetic biologist, community organizer and musician, presented Biota Beats' work at the Biohack the Planet Conference last weekend in Oakland.

Since carbon-14 is normally quite scarce in the geologic record, this imprints the rocks and biota of the Anthropocene with a distinct signature.

We can't go on writing off large chunks of the biota (insects and fish are classic examples) simply because we don't find them physically attractive.

"You start to see these features starting to become more and more connected, so that the biota are moving more easily between them," says Adams.

Stephen and his colleagues are now challenging that idea, by bringing to light an remarkable trove of fossils: the so-called Paris Biota from southeastern Idaho.

Venture capitalist George Coyle said his fund Energy Innovation Capital had invested in Biota because it expected the technique to yield big improvements in drilling efficiency.

Biota has applied its technology to about 80 wells across U.S. shale basins, including North Dakota's Bakken, and the Permian and Eagle Ford in Texas, Kshatriya said.

Scientific research has found that the biota in our guts, our mouths, and our skin can have an enormous impact on our physical and even mental health.

Jennifer Kahn and her sources say that the biota has changed drastically before; but never before, since humans appeared 200,000 years ago, have so many species disappeared.

"I certainly don't think one can conclude from our study that all is well with the biota of the world," says one of the paper's co-authors.

At the Peoria Station, the artist Blessing Hancock's 23-foot-high illuminated sculpture, "Biota," will prompt viewers to reconsider the patterns and structures of their own environments.

For years, scientists have suspected that the sudden arrival of animals on the evolutionary scene may have edged out the previous complex lifeforms, called the Ediacaran biota.

Fossil beds from the early Triassic are rare, and, while most features a lower degree of diversity than the Paris Biota, preservation issues could be skewing the record.

The scientists refined cows' milk to concentrate similar sugars and fed it to mice that were undernourished because they had been given the gut biota of a malnourished child.

This was the question on the mind of the founders of Biota Beats, a collective of biologists and biology enthusiasts making music that explores the sound of the human microbiome.

A more recent report of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation predicts minimal consequences for the biota animal and plant life of the Fukushima region.

Biota was able to find the wells from which the oil was taken and to recommend improvements for wells drilled in the same region, said Peter Lascelles, an EP Energy geologist.

The two fossils were found in the Jehol Biota, an area in northeastern China full of exceptionally preserved fossil discoveries like feathered dinosaurs that has been studied for the past 90 years.

After she said "yes," the pair celebrated with a dinner catered by acclaimed Australian Chef James Viles, who owns Biota Dining in Bowral, New South Wales — an acknowledgment to Clifford's native land of Australia.

The newest discovery from the Danshui River, called the Qingjiang biota, rivals existing fossil assemblages in how well it preserves the included species, the diversity of species included, and the proportion of new species.

"The treasure trove of the Qinjiang biota provides an exciting opportunity to explore how paleoenvironmental conditions influenced ecological structuring and evolutionary drivers during the Cambrian Explosion," said Allison Daley in a perspective that accompanied the study.

"Scientists have been fighting for more than 75 years over what Dickinsonia and other bizarre fossils of the Ediacaran Biota were: giant single-celled amoeba, lichen, failed experiments of evolution or the earliest animals on Earth," Brocks said.

The significance of this finding, he says, is that the researchers were able to confirm that a member of the Ediacaran biota—a group of fossils that has long been difficult to identify—is highly likely to be an animal.

EP Energy, one of Biota's first customers, insisted on a blind test last year to gauge the technique's effectiveness, asking Biota to determine the origin of an oil sample from among dozens of wells in a 1,000-square foot zone.

The process can help cut the time needed to begin pumping, shaving production costs as much as 10 percent, said Ajay Kshatriya, chief executive and co-founder of Biota Technology, the company that developed this application of DNA science for use in oilfields.

" That certainly argues for keeping as many species around as possible, much as ecology's forefather Aldo Leopold urged: "If the biota, in the course of aeons, has built something we like but do not understand, then who but a fool would discard seemingly useless parts?

My first cassette, Région Par Région (released in 22007), was under the influence of late '80s favorites like Pascal Comelade, Pierre Bastien, Biota, or Atrium Musicae de Madrid, and consisted of short vignettes recorded with melodica, mandolin, flute, voice, homemade bass, found percussion, etc.

"Photoprotective biofluorescence, a proposed UV protection mechanism in some coral species, would not only mitigate UV radiation effects on an organism, but could also increase the detectability of such biota in the visible range of the spectrum due to additional emitted visible flux," the scientists wrote in the paper.

"I don't doubt that with enough information (Biota) could find a signature, a DNA fingerprint, of microbial genomes that can substantially improve the accuracy and speed of a number of diagnostic applications in the oil industry," said Preethi Gunaratne, a professor of biology and chemistry at the University of Houston.

The 2-1 panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit upheld a ruling by the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB), which last year rejected a patent application filed by inventor Constantin Efthymiopoulos of Biota Pharmaceuticals, a Georgia-based firm that licenses to GSK the right to market Relenza.

"The particularly large proportion of new taxa in the Qingjiang biota... suggests that the present understanding of the diversity and disparity of metazoan ecosystems in the immediate aftermath of the Cambrian explosion is far from complete and will be greatly informed by future discoveries," the authors from Northwest University and Guizhou University in China and Pomona College in California write in the paper published today in Science.

The second study, by scientists at the National Marine Fisheries Service, reviewed an extensive set of data on marine net pen operations throughout U.S. state waters, and concluded that if regulations and Best Management Practices are adhered to, there is no significant impact from operations on other marine biota, including marine mammals and other charismatic megafauna, nor any significant impact from transfer of diseases to wild stocks, nor of escapees impacting wild stock genetics or wild food chains.

Therefore, the freshwater biota tends to have a higher evolutionary pH tolerance than seawater biota.

Mark McMenamin saw such feeding strategies as characteristic for the entire biota, and referred to the marine biota of this period as a "Garden of Ediacara".

Invading species from the donator biota are often only a small percent of the potential invaders available within that biota. That is to say, that not all species that could invade another biota do invade. For example, only about 4.3% of the total fish species in the Red Sea have actually invaded the Mediterranean.

It includes what was previously referred to as the Daohugou Biota,Sullivan C, Wang Y, Hone DWE, Wang Y, Xu X & Zhang F. 2014. The vertebrates of the Jurassic Daohugou Biota of northeastern China. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 34:2, 243-280, DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2013.787316 and some of it was thought to belong to the Jehol Biota.

The Francevillian biota disappears and is absent in the overlying black shale. El Albani attributes this to their extinction. The biota formed with the Lomagundi event, a temporary increase in atmospheric oxygen, and became extinct from marine anoxia when the event ended. The biota represents the first known experiment in multicellularity, with no extant multicellular descendants.

Malaysia is a megadiverse country, with huge variety of biota.

Some of these species have caused several impacts in aquatic biota.

Along with this sedimentary correlation, they noted that the best index fossils to identify the biota are Peipiaosteus and Lycoptera. Under this definition, the earliest stage of the Jehol Biota is represented by the Huajiying Formation.

Biota adapted to saline conditions, often endemic, thrive in the specialized habitat.

Many of the biotic interchanges studied have shown an asymmetry in the sharing of species between two biotas. Typically there is a donator biota and a recipient biota, with the donator biota sharing more species than the recipient biota. As an example, when the Suez Canal connected the Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea, most new species in the Mediterranean originated in the Red Sea (91 molluscs, 15 crabs, and 41 fish). Fewer species travelled from the Mediterranean into the Red Sea (3 molluscs, 0 crabs, and 6 fish).

The gut biota has an important role in the metabolism, absorption, and protective functions of the gastro intestinal tract. Felines have different gut bacteria than canines. However, the most common biota that are found in both felines and canines are Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria . Although these are the most common types of gut biota found in felines, there are variances between independent cats.

In the 2000s the discovery of a number of novel dinosaur fossils has led to international interest in Chinese paleontology. China also has international significant fossil beds from the Precambrian (Weng’an Biota), the early Cambrian (Chengjiang Biota) and the Early Cretaceous (Jehol Biota). Chinese fossils have provided the missing link in many evolutionary trees. China has also been the location of discoveries in the human fossil record.

Section HPF 07 Rise and fall of the Ediacaran (Vendian) biota. P. 183.

Paraselkirkia is a genus of archaeopriapulid known from the Chengjiang biota, resembling Selkirkia.

Some scientists have argued that the Jehol Biota evolved directly from the preceding Daohugou Biota without any strongly defined division. However, the absolute dating of the Daohugou beds has been the subject of divergent opinion: in 2006, Wang et al. found an overall similarity between the fossil animals found in the Daohugou Beds and the "Jehol Biota" from the Yixian Formation. Several other research teams, including Liu et al.

Ediacaran biota originated during the Ediacaran Period and are unlike most animals around today.

Liangshanella is genus of Cambrian bradoriid known from the Chengjiang biota and Burgess Shale.

The biota of a wetland system includes its flora and fauna as described below. The most important factor affecting the biota is the duration of flooding. Other important factors include fertility and salinity. In fens, species are highly dependent on water chemistry.

They are parasitized by various biota including Anthrax, Coelopencyrtus, Dinogamasus, Hyperechia, Physocephala, Sennertia and Synhoria.

Batalha, M.A. (2011). The Brazilian cerrado is not a biome. Biota Neotrop. 11:21–24, .

The co- occurrence of biota that are normally distinct can result in unusual ecological relationships.

Sicyophorus is a genus of archaeopriapulid known from the Chengjiang biota; synonymous with Protopriapulites haikouensis.

A biotone is a biogeographical region characterized not by distinctive biota but rather by a distinctive transition from one set of biota to another. They often contain the limits of distribution of the biota of neighbouring regions. Biotones are especially useful in marine biogeography, where the movement of water may result in substantial overlap in the floral and faunal components of adjacent regions. In such case, the regions of overlap is considered a biotone.

The landscape then was dominated by mountain streams and deep lakes surrounded by forests of gymnosperm trees. Some authors have concluded that the Daohugou Biota is an early stage of the Jehol Biota, while recent work has demonstrated that the two are distinct. The forests of the Daohugou biota grew in a humid, warm - temperate climate and were dominated by gymnosperm trees. There were ginkgopsids like Ginkoites, Ginkgo, Baiera, Czekanowskia, and Phoenicopsis.

Kunmingella is genus of Cambrian bradoriid from the Chengjiang biota, containing the single species K. douvillei.

Casco Bay contains bay mud bottoms and banks in some locations, providing important substrates for biota.

Biota of Freshwater Ecosystems, Identification Manual No. 11. U.S. Gov. Printing Office. 114p.Heard, William H. 1979.

The Rise and Fall of the Vendian Biota. IGSP Project 493. Abstracts. Prato, Italy, p. 52.

Stellostomites is a discoidal animal known from the Cambrian Chengjiang biota and classified with the eldoniids.

Paropsonema is a discoidal animal known from the Cambrian Chengjiang biota and classified with the eldoniids.

Wetlands and estuaries of the south west region have very similar ecologies and occurrences of biota.

Xianguangia is a soft-bodied sea anemone-like fossil animal from the Chengjiang Biota of China.

Caron completed his PhD on the taphonomy and palaeoecology of the Burgess Shale at the University of Toronto in the winter of 2004; in 2005 he won an NSERC postdoctoral fellowship to work on the Chengjiang Biota in order to compare it to the Burgess Shale biota.

In C.R. Gilbert (ed.). Rare and endangered biota of Florida. Vol. 4, Fishes. Univ. Press. Fla., Gainesville.

The Yanliao Biota is the name given to an assembly of fossils preserved in northeastern China from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous.Xu, X., Zhou, Z., Sullivan, C. and Wang, Y., 2017. The Yanliao Biota: a trove of exceptionally preserved Middle-Late Jurassic terrestrial life forms. Terrestrial Conservation Lagerstätten.

Karimunjawa's coral reefs are made up of fringing reefs, barrier reefs and several patch reefs. They have an extraordinary wealth of species: 51 genera with more than 90 species of coral biota and 242 species of ornamental fish. Two protected biota species, black coral (Antiphates sp.) and organ pipe coral (Tubipora musica), can be found here. Other protected sea biota include the hornet helmet (Cassis cornuta), triton trumpet (Charonia tritonis), chambered nautilus, green shell (Turbo marmoratus), and six species of clam.

Jiucunella is genus of Cambrian arthropod known from the Cambrian Chengjiang biota of China as well as Australia.

Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution mapAltervista Flora Italiana, Sparviere dei boschi, Hieracium murorum L.

Corynetis is a genus of archaeopriapulid known from the Chengjiang biota, and a senior synonym of Anningvermis multispinosus.

Biota is the fourth studio album by the free improvisation ensemble Mnemonist Orchestra, released in 1982 by Dys Records.

Tumble is the ninth studio album by the experimental electronic music ensemble Biota, released in 1989 by ReR Megacorp.

Object Holder is the eleventh studio album by the experimental music ensemble Biota, released in 1995 by ReR Megacorp.

Bellowing Room is the seventh studio album by experimental electronic music ensemble Biota, released in 1987 by Recommended Records.

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Its range reaches south into Mexico in Baja California state.

The Amazon Bamboo Rat Dactylomys dactylinus in the Cerrado of Central Brazil. Biotaneo Tropica. Biota Neotropica. (29 March 2007).

Eximipriapulus is a genus of priapulid-like organisms, perhaps belonging to the crown group, known from the Chengjiang biota.

Biota claimed about A$700 million from Glaxo. After Biota spent four years trying to progress its case, and incurring A$50 million in legal costs, the company abandoned the claim in July 2008, recovering only A$20 million, including legal costs following settlement at mediation. Biota had refused an earlier tactical offer from Glaxo of A$75 million plus legal costs. In August 2006, Germany announced it would buy 1.7 million doses of zanamivir, as part of its preparation strategy against bird flu.

Kimberella may have had a predatory or grazing lifestyle. It is suggested that by the Early Cambrian, organisms higher in the food chain caused the microbial mats to largely disappear. If these grazers first appeared as the Ediacaran biota started to decline, then it may suggest that they destabilised the microbial substrate, leading to displacement or detachment of the biota; or that the destruction of the mat destabilised the ecosystem, causing extinctions. Alternatively, skeletonised animals could have fed directly on the relatively undefended Ediacaran biota.

189-220 in Towards a Theoretical Biology, Vol. 4, ed. by C. H. Waddington, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. referring to a particular information entropy measure of the biota of an ecosystem, or of any subsystem of the biota, such as a population of a single species, a single individual, cell, protein or gene.

Ediacaran trace fossil Trace fossils of these Avalon organisms have been found worldwide, and represent the earliest known complex multicellular organisms.Simple multicellular organisms such as red algae evolved at least . The Avalon explosion produced the Ediacaran biota. The biota largely disappeared contemporaneously with the rapid increase in biodiversity known as the Cambrian explosion.

Invisible Map is the twelfth studio album by experimental music ensemble Biota, released on June 5, 2001 by ReR Megacorp.

Narbonne, G.M and Hofmann, H.J. 1987. Ediacaran biota of the Wernecke Mountains, Yukon, Canada. Paleontology, vol. 30, p. 647-676.

Tinct is the eighth studio album by the American experimental electronic music ensemble Biota, released in 1988 by Recommended Records.

Combinivalvula is genus of Cambrian arthropod known for being a member of the Chengjiang biota. It was described in 1987.

Vetulicola rectangulata ("Rectangular ancient dweller") is a species of small, Early Cambrian deuterostome animals from the Chengjiang biota of China.

Pteridinium is an erniettomorph found in a number of Precambrian deposits worldwide. It is a member of the Ediacaran biota.

However, there is a period of biological change which makes this time period a good one to demarkate the Cambrian from the earlier Phanerozoic eon's periods and the Precambrian supereon. Consensus holds that fossils of the Ediacara biota disappear here, as do some shelly fossils and acritarchs; and a new small shelly fossil biota emerges.

Andiva is often found together with other species from the Ediacara biota, like Dickinsonia, Yorgia, Kimberella, Brachina, Parvancorina, Tribrachidium and others.

Ivantsov, A.Y. (2004) "Vendian Animals in the Phylum Proarticulata". The Rise and Fall of the Vendian Biota. IGSP Project 493. Abstracts.

This flexibility in diet is beneficial, as V. germanica must often compete for resources with native biota in areas it invades.

Retrieved 2011-01-02.Lake Wales Ridge: Ancient Sands, Diverse Biota. Archibald Biological Station. October 2, 2007. Retrieved 2011-01-02.

USA (AZ, CO, NM, UT, WY)Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution maps Dispersal method is normally small mammals.

A simple example would be mid-latitude waters where tropical and temperate waters mix. This region is a biotone characterized by the transition between tropical and temperate waters. It would contain both tropical and temperate biota. Tropical biota that do not extend into temperate areas would be at the limit of their range in this biotone, and vice versa.

Soil organic carbon is divided between living soil biota and dead biotic material derived from biomass. Together these comprise the soil food web, with the living component sustained by the biotic material component. Soil biota includes earthworms, nematodes, protozoa, fungi, bacteria and different arthropods. Detritus resulting from plant senescence is the major source of soil organic carbon.

Soil biota can treat waste by transforming it. Soil organic matter and soil minerals can adsorb the waste material and decrease its toxicity, although when in colloidal form they may transport the adsorbed contaminants to subsurface environments. Many waste treatment processes rely on this natural bioremediation capacity. Exceeding treatment capacity can damage soil biota and limit soil function.

Retrieved 24 March 2020. In 2004 a new geological period, the Ediacaran Period, was created to mark the appearance of Ediacaran biota.

Half a True Day is the thirteenth studio album by experimental music ensemble Biota, released on November 26, 2007 by ReR Megacorp.

"On the horizon of Protopteryx and the early vertebrate fossil assemblages of the Jehol Biota." Chinese Science Bulletin, 53(18): 2820-2827.

Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution mapMcVaugh, R. 1993. Cyperaceae. 13: 225–440. In R. McVaugh (ed.) Flora Novo-Galiciana.

Pararotadiscus is an abundant jellyfish-like fossil from the mid-Cambrian, and one of the most abundant taxa in the Kaili biota.

Another effect of biotic interchange is homogenization. This occurs when many invading species from both biotas become established, creating one similar biota.

Khatyspytia is a frondose member of the Ediacara biota. It is slender, with many short branches, and is named after the Khatyspyt Formation.

1: 47. 1798. Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution mapGovaerts, R. & Simpson, D.A. (2007). World Checklist of Cyperaceae. Sedges: 1-765.

OPEs have been detected in different environmental compartments such as air, dust, water, sediment, soil and biota samples at higher frequency and concentration.

Xiaoheiqingella is a taxon of priapulid known from the Chengjiang biota; synonymous with Yunnanpriapulus, and thought to belong to the priapulid crown group.

Daohugoupterus is a member of the Yanliao Biota, which also includes the pterosaurs Jeholopterus and Pterorhynchus; Daohugoupterus is the smallest of the three.

Wissenschaftliche Auswertungen. www.warnsignal-klima.de. His Biodiversity Distribution Map has been published in numerous textbooks in addition to being the foundation for many postgraduate studies. In the framework of the BMBF-BIOTA-AFRICAEintrag auf der Seite des BMBF-BIOTA AFRIKA-Projektes project led by him, biodiversity patterns in Africa as a model continent are analyzed and potential impacts of climate change are investigated.

Abreu Jr, E.F. & Köhler, A. 2009. Mastofauna de médio e grande porte na RPPN da UNISC, RS, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 9(4): 169-174.

Colombo, J. C. et al. Oil spill in the Rio de la Plata estuary, Argentina: 1. Biogeochemical assessment of waters, sediments, soils and biota.

The Brachyceran family Kovalevisargidae is an extinct group of flies known from the Jurassic Daohugou biota of China and the Karabastau Formation of Kazakhstan.

Palaeoplatoda is a genus from the Ediacaran biota. It is a soft-bodied organism with a segmented body that resembles Dickinsonia, another Ediacaran organism.

Acosmia is a genus of Chengjiang biota priapulid (marine worm) in the family Acosmiidae. It is represented by a single rare species, Acosmia maotiania.

One of the primary fossilized biota in the Leduc Formation are stromatoporoids, whereas the primary fossil type in the Swan Hills Formation are Amphipora.

Biota Information System of New Mexico, 2000. Desert pocket mouse (On-line). Accessed November 18, 2000 Bradley L, 1997. "Desert Pocket Mouse" (On-line).

Les aires protégées terrestres de Madagascar : Leur histoire, description et biote / The terrestrial protected areas of Madagascar: Their history, description, and biota. Association Vahatra, Antananarivo..

Haikoucaris is genus of megacheiran Cambrian arthropod known from the Chengjiang biota. It is considered a close relative of Leanchoilia and other members of Leanchoiliidae.

The eponym for the species name "bakarii" was Bakari Asseid "to recognize his significant contributions to the conservation of natural habitats and biota of Zanzibar".

Polygala hookeri is a species of flowering plant in the milkwort family (Polygalaceae). It is endemic to Alabama.Polygala hookeri. The Biota of North America Program.

Vetulicola cuneata ("Wedged-shaped ancient dweller") is the type species of a genus of small, Early Cambrian deuterostome animals from the Chengjiang biota of China.

Before Darwin, adaptation was seen as a fixed relationship between an organism and its habitat. It was not appreciated that as the climate changed, so did the habitat; and as the habitat changed, so did the biota. Also, habitats are subject to changes in their biota: for example, invasions of species from other areas. The relative numbers of species in a given habitat are always changing.

Restoration failures may occur when appropriate ecosystem conditions are not reestablished, such as soil characteristics (e.g., salinity, pH, beneficial soil biota, etc.), surface water and groundwater levels, and flow regimes. Therefore, successful restoration may be dependent on taking a number of both biotic and abiotic factors into account. For example, restoration of soil biota, including symbiotic myccorhizae, invertebrates, and microorganisms may improve nutrient cycling dynamics.

Malden, Massachusetts, Wiley- Blackwell. Each method can be enriched by the application of historical ecology and the past knowledge it supplies. The interdisciplinary nature of historical ecology would permit conservation biologists to create more effective and efficient landscape improvements. Reclamation and revegetation can use a historical perspective to determine what biota will be able to sustain large populations without threatening native biota of the landscape.

The preservation of these fossils is one of their great fascinations to science. As soft-bodied organisms, they would normally not fossilise. Unlike later soft-bodied fossil biota (such as the Burgess Shale, or Solnhofen Limestone) the Ediacara biota is not found in a restricted environment subject to unusual local conditions: they were a global phenomenon. The processes that were operating must have been systemic and worldwide.

The relationships, if any, to modern forms are obscure. Some paleontologists relate many or most of these forms to modern animals. Others acknowledge a few possible or even likely relationships but feel that most of the Ediacaran forms are representatives of unknown animal types. In addition to Ediacaran biota, two other types of biota were discovered in China (the Doushantuo Formation and Hainan Formation).

S. aureomaculata grows to a mantle length of 160 mm. The type specimen was collected in Tosa Bay, Japan and is deposited at the National Science Museum of Japan in Tokyo.Current Classification of Recent Cephalopoda Marine biota in Tosa Bay have been found to have relatively high concentrations of PCBs, DDT and a variety of organochlorine chemical pesticides, compared to similar biota in the Sulu Sea.

Biotic interchange is the process by which species from one biota invade another biota, usually due to the disappearance of a previously impassable barrier. These dispersal barriers can be physical, climatic, or biological and can include bodies of water or ice, land features like mountains, climate zones, or competition between species. Biotic interchange has been documented to occur in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments.

On 17 November 2004, the United Nations General Assembly urged nations to consider temporary bans on high seas bottom trawling. A global analysis of the impacts of bottom trawling found that the impact on seabed biota was strongly dependent on the type of gear used, with otter trawls estimated as having the smallest impact and removing 6% of biota per pass while hydraulic dredges had the largest impact and removed 41% of biota per pass. Other research found trawled canyon sediments contained 52 percent less organic matter than the undisturbed seafloor. There were 80 percent fewer sea worms in the trawled region as well.

Liaodactylus is known from the Tiaojishan Formation, which along with the older Haifanggou Formation form the Yanliao Biota, a diverse assemblage of well-preserved Jurassic animals containing at least 40 species. A number of other pterosaurs have been found from the Yanliao Biota, including the rhamphorhynchids Jianchangnathus robustus and Qinglongopterus guoi; the anurognathids Dendrorhynchoides mutoudengensis and Jeholopterus ninchengensis; the darwinopteran Pterorhynchus wellnhoferi; and the wukongopterids Darwinopterus modularis, Wukongopterus lii, and possibly Archaeoistiodactylus linglongtaensis, among many others. Liaodactylus represents the first Yanliao filter-feeding pterosaur. Dinosaurs from the Yanliao Biota include the scansoriopterygids Epidendrosaurus ninchengensis, Epidexipteryx hui, and Yi qi; the paravians Anchiornis huxleyi, Pedopenna daohugouensis, and Xiaotingia zhengi.

Comptaluta is a genus of Cambrian bradoriid arthropod that is a member of the Chengjiang biota. Two species have been described: C. kailiensis and C. inflata.

In Ninth international symposium on Mesozoic terrestrial ecosystems and biota. (ed. P. M. Barrett & S. E. Evans), pp 48−51. London: Natural History Museum.Jones, M.E.H. 2009.

Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps Eriophyllum species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Phymatopus californicus.

Using similar projections, the potential amounts of future life can then be quantified. For the Solar System from its origins to the present, the current 1015 kg biomass over the past four billion years gives a time-integrated biomass (BIOTA) of 4·1024 kg-years. In comparison, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and water in the 1022 kg asteroids allows 6·1020 kg biomass that can be sustained with energy for the 5 billion future years of the Sun, giving a BIOTA of 3·1030 kg-years in the Solar System and 3·1039 kg-years about 1011 stars in the galaxy. Materials in comets could give biomass and time- integrated BIOTA a hundred times larger. The Sun will then become a white dwarf star, radiating 1015 Watts that sustains 1e13 kg biomass for an immense hundred million trillion (1020) years, contributing a time-integrated BIOTA of 1033 years.

It habitates on or near the hindgut epithelium and also attached to filamentous prokaryotes associated with the gut wall. It is one of the predominant gut biota.

Biota of North America Program, county distribution mapBrown-Marsden, Margaret, & Anne B. Collins. 2006. Range extension of Hexalectris grandiflora (Orchidaceae) in Texas. Sida 22(2):1239-1244.

If this occurs, and marine biota are removed from the environment, erosion can occur, or increase, especially in regions prone to wave action and tidal re-suspension.

The proximity of the crater to the type area for the Ediacara Biota is noted, though probably not significant given the likely global consequences of the impact.

3 for location) indicates the amount of light carbon that is present. Biota preferentially intake light carbon, so the more that is present in a sample, the more biota that was present at that time. Additionally, core samples from the Champlain Sea indicate a change in assemblages from those that inhabit marine environments to those that live in much less saline conditions at about 11.4 to 11.2 ka BP (Fig. 4).

Simple multicellular organisms such as red algae evolved at least . The status of the Francevillian biota of is unclear, but they may represent earlier multicellular forms of a more complex nature. The Ediacaran biota may have undergone evolutionary radiation in a proposed event called the Avalon explosion, .Two Explosive Evolutionary Events Shaped Early History Of Multicellular Life This was after the Earth had thawed from the Cryogenian period's extensive glaciation.

A few of the early animals appear possibly to be ancestors of modern animals. Most fall into ambiguous groups of frond-like organisms; discoids that might be holdfasts for stalked organisms ("medusoids"); mattress-like forms; small calcareous tubes; and armored animals of unknown provenance. These were most commonly known as Vendian biota until the formal naming of the Period, and are currently known as Ediacaran Period biota. Most were soft bodied.

A brown earth soil is affected by several different factors. These include: climate, relief, soil drainage, parent material and the soil biota that live in the soil itself.

This fossil specimen, from the Yixian Formation in the Jehol Biota, dates from the Early Cretaceous and shows that the development of Myxophaga must pre-date this period.

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapHumbert, H. 1923. Les Composées de Madagascar. Mémoires de la Société Linnéenne de Normandie 25: 1–335Schwegman, J. E. 1991.

Biota of North America Program, county distribution map, Habenaria floribunda Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.

Medusinites is a genus of disc shaped fossilised organisms associated with the Ediacaran biota. They have been found in rocks dated to be 580 to 541 million years old.

"Treptichnus pedum and the Vendian-Cambrian boundary". 33 Intern. Geol. Congr. 6–14 August 2008, Oslo, Norway. Abstracts. Section HPF 07 Rise and fall of the Ediacaran (Vendian) biota.

Its organic-walled fauna, known as the "Little Bear biota", includes both non- mineralized and originally-mineralized taxa, including hyolith and trilobite fragments, anomalocaridid claws, arthropod carapaces and brachiopods.

Biota of North America Program, county distribution mapHammel, B.E. & al. (2003). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica 3: 1-884. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008).

The first fossils of the Yanliao Biota were found around 1998 near the village of Daohugou in Inner Mongolia. The following year, the first two important specimens were discovered, and published in 2000. Since that time many more have been found from the same area, and in neighbouring provinces. The Yanliao Biota is made up of fossils from more than one locality, and the geology has been difficult to interpret (see below).

Among these rivers is the , which after originating in a wetland receives the water from the Tocomar geothermal field and eventually ends in the . Much of the area around Tocomar has no vegetation. Of the plants that grow in the region, vegetation in the Puna occurs in the form of grass and shrub steppe. Because of the dry climate, wetlands are highly important for the regional biota and feature a characteristic biota.

77: 250. 1995. Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapGodfrey, R. K. & J. W. Wooten. 1981. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Southeastern United States Dicotyledons 1–944. Univ.

He was Professor of Microbiology at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Wadham College, Oxford. He scientific founder of Demuris. He is a Director at Biota Holdings Ltd.

McCorquedale, B. 1965. Some particular aspects of the biota of the Cypress Hills. Alberta Society of Petroleum Geologists, 15th Annual Field Trip Guidebook, Part 1, Cypress Hills plateau, p. 55-65.

Studies in 2009 questioned whether the decline in biota (including microfauna) as a result of human intervention might impede human health, hospital safety procedures, food product design, and treatments of disease.

The Stock Island tree snail Orthalicus reses reses (Say). Pages 8-9. In: Franz R., (ed.) Rare and endangered biota of Florida, volume 6, invertebrates. University Press of Florida; Gainesville, Florida.

Torrey Bot. Club. 33: 152. 1906. Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution mapTropicos, specimen listing, Solidago parryi (A. Gray) Greene Parry's goldenrod is a common name for this species.

Revegetation involves new additions of biota into a landscape, not limited to the original inhabitants of an area.Hunter, M.L., Gibbs, J.P. (2006) Fundamentals of Conservation Biology. 3rd ed. (pp 252-276).

1: 19. 1933. Biota of North America Program, county map distributionAcevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.

Jourabchian, A.R., Farhadinia, M.S. (2008). Final report on Conservation of the Asiatic cheetah, its natural habitats and associated biota in Iran. Project Number IRA/00/G35 (GEF/UNDP/DoE), Tehran, Iran.

Since Darwin's time, the fossil record has been extended to between 2.3 and 3.5 billion years.Schopf JW (1999) Cradle of Life: The Discovery of the Earth's Earliest Fossils, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. Most of these Precambrian fossils are microscopic bacteria or microfossils. However, macroscopic fossils are now known from the late Proterozoic. The Ediacara biota (also called Vendian biota) dating from 575 million years ago collectively constitutes a richly diverse assembly of early multicellular eukaryotes.

Hyphalosaurus (meaning "submerged lizard") is a genus of freshwater aquatic reptiles which represent a major part of the Jehol Biota. They lived during the early Cretaceous period (Aptian age), about 122 million years ago. The genus contains two species, H. lingyuanensis and H. baitaigouensis, both from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China. They are among the best- known animals from the Jehol Biota, with thousands of fossil specimens representing all growth stages in scientific and private collections.

The Longicrusavis fossil was part the Jehol Biota from which is unearthed a whole range of palaeontological finds including dinosaurs, mammals, birds, fishes and invertebrates. "The Jehol Biota never fails to stop giving, and the research to be done on these fossils is virtually endless!" said O'Connor who has determined at least three evolutionary stages to divide history based on the Dabeigou (130ma), Yixian (125ma), and Jiufotang (120ma) Formation periods issuing the Longicrusavis are the earlier Yixian and Jiufotang.

The Zhuganpo Formation is a Triassic geologic unit found in southern China. It has historically been known as the Zhuganpo Member of the Falang Formation. A diverse fossil assemblage known as the Xingyi biota can be found in the upper part of the Zhuganpo Formation. Fossils of the Xingyi biota include articulated skeletons of marine reptiles, abundant fish, and a plentiful assortment of invertebrates indicating a Ladinian to Carnian age for the sediments of the formation.

Mark A. S. McMenamin is an American paleontologist and professor of geology at Mount Holyoke College. He has contributed to the study of the Cambrian explosion and the Ediacaran biota. He is the author of several books, most recently Deep Time Analysis (2018) and Dynamic Paleontology (2016). His earlier works include The Garden of Ediacara: Discovering the Earliest Complex Life (1998), one of the only popular accounts of research on the Ediacaran biota, and Science 101: Geology (2007).

This hypothesis that the islands and their biota emerged some 30 MYA during the Oligocene better explains the organisms that occur in New Caledonian biota. In the Carboniferous and Permian, New Zealand and New Caledonia were on the periphery of Gondwana, which included Africa, South America, Antarctica, India, New Zealand and Australia. Paleomagnetic data locate New Caledonia as originally near the South Pole. In the Triassic and early Jurassic, Gondwana moved northward, warming the eastern margin.

Gray) Strother, Sida. 11: 377. 1986. Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapCalflora taxon report, Adenophyllum porophylloides (A. Gray) Strother San Felipe dogweed, San felipe dyssodia Turner, B. L. 1996.

New distribution records for Gamochaeta (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) in the United States. Sida 21(2): 1175–1185.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapCabrera, A. L. 1978. Compositae. 10: 1–726.

By contrast, demand dosing releases large amounts of effluent at once, which rapidly passes through the sand. This does not give the biota the proper amount of time to clean the effluent.

Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix. pp. 1Minckley, W. L., and P. C. Marsh. 2009. Inland fishes of the greater southwest: Chronicle of a vanishing biota. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ. 426pp.

Primocandelabrum is a genus of rangeomorph known from the Avalon-type Ediacaran biota. It makes up the brunt of some bedding plane assemblages. Primocandelabrum was described by Hofmann, O'Brien, and King in 2008.

In his lifetime, he identified 1065 new species and 61 new genera, including Aspidella, the first documented fossil of the Ediacaran biota. He married Helen Walker Wilson in 1845. However, he was childless.

23 Page 170, Cyperus parishii Britton ex Parish, Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 3: 52, plate 3. 1904. Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution mapEspejo Serna, A. & López-Ferrari, A.R. (1997).

Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map It is thought to be related to two other aquatic genera in this tribe, Sclerolepis and Trichocoronis.

It is thought that the macroalgae could be the most basic component of the Chengjiang biota food chain. It is also theorised that Fuxianospira gyrata, among other Chengjiang algae, is actually a coprolite.

Zhonghe Zhou et al. (2003) noted that, for the Early Cretaceous, the Jehol Biota includes a mixture of advanced and ancient species, and also of species found only in the Jehol and others found all around the world. It is possible that northeast Asia was isolated for part of the Jurassic by the Turgai Sea which separated Europe from Asia at the time. The Jehol Biota includes many species that were previously known only from the Late Jurassic or earlier.

Biota is a longstanding American experimental electronic music ensemble that has released a growing number of elaborate musical-visual projects and albums since their beginnings in the late 1970s. Biota is known for its highly detailed and often radical approach to composition and arrangement, founded largely upon principles of studio-based co-composition, simultaneity, and meticulous electronic processing of mostly acoustic sound sources — creating an unconventional continuum of traditional and nontraditional musical forms, including folk, jazz, chamber, rock, and occasional balladry.

Impacts on primary production would affect the carbon cycle, leading to a reduction in atmospheric carbon dioxide. A reduction in atmospheric carbon dioxide would result in a negative feedback, or cooling, of the climate system. Model results indicated that, for the most part, the lightning-biota climatic feedback retarded positive perturbations in atmospheric carbon dioxide and temperature back to an "equilibrium" state. Impacts of the lightning-biota climatic feedback on curbing anthropogenic influences on atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations were investigated as well.

Market at Inala Civic Biota Street Village shopping precinct, Inala There are several shopping precincts within Inala. The joined Inala Plaza–Civic Centre complex located on the corner of Kittyhawk and Inala Avenues is the largest precinct in Inala. It offers two major supermarkets, Vietnamese markets, restaurants, and a wide variety of independent shops. Other shops and restaurants exist on Biota Street located to the north, on Skylark Street to the east, and on the junction of Lavender and Lilac Streets.

Settled floc is returned to the mixing basin to continue growing in primary effluent. Like most ecosystems, population changes among activated sludge biota can reduce treatment efficiency. Nocardia, a floating brown foam sometimes misidentified as sewage fungus, is the best known of many different fungi and protists that can overpopulate the floc and cause process upsets. Elevated concentrations of toxic wastes including pesticides, industrial metal plating waste, or extreme pH, can kill the biota of an activated sludge reactor ecosystem.

Protopteryx lived in the Jehol Biota in the Cretaceous period, which contains many of the terrestrial and freshwater vertebrate clades.He, H. Y., X. L. Wang, F. Jin, Z. H. Zhou, F. Wang, L. K. Yang, X. Ding, A. Boven, and R. X. Zhu (2006), "The 40Ar/39Ar dating of the early Jehol Biota from Fengning, Hebei Province, northern China", Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 7, Q04001, doi:10.1029/2005GC001083. The teeth of the Protopteryx are similar to Archaeopteryx, suggesting a similar diet.

The fossil Charniodiscus is barely distinguishable from the "elephant skin" texture on this cast. The preservation of these fossils is one of their great fascinations to science. As soft-bodied organisms, they would normally not fossilize and, unlike later soft-bodied fossil biota such as the Burgess Shale or Solnhofen Limestone, the Ediacaran biota is not found in a restricted environment subject to unusual local conditions: they were a global phenomenon. The processes that were operating must have been systemic and worldwide.

The biota of the Burgess Shale appears to be typical of middle Cambrian deposits. Although the hard-part bearing organisms make up as little as 14% of the community, these same organisms are found in similar proportions in other Cambrian localities. This means that there is no reason to assume that the organisms without hard parts are exceptional in any way; indeed, many appear in other lagerstätten of different age and locations. The biota consists of a range of organisms.

In attempting to determine its phylogenic relationships, Parvancorina has been compared with trilobite-like arthropods, such as Skania from the Burgess Shale Biota, Canada, and Primicaris from the Chengjiang Biota, China. However, the growth form of Parvancorina is unusual for an arthropod, and its apparent sessile mode of life appears to rebut an arthropod affinity. Furthermore, the strong resemblance of P. sagitta to the primitive mollusk-like bilateran Temnoxa and similarities to parts of Kimberella casts further doubt on an arthropod affinity.

Environmental Modification Technique includes any technique for changing – through the deliberate manipulation of natural processes – the dynamics, composition or structure of the earth, including its biota, lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere, or of outer space.

A-Jacks also have the advantage of being interlocking and self-stabilizing. For artificial reefs and habitat development, typical reef-building biota find areas of low turbulence within the open spaces to establish colonies.

Kunyangella is genus of Cambrian arthropod known for being a member of the Chengjiang biota, containing the single species K. cheni. It has a bivalved carapace and has tenatively been referred to the Bradoriida.

Pseudoiulia is a genus of Cambrian arthropod known for being a member of the Chengjiang biota, containing the single species P. cambriensis. It is considered poorly known, but has been associated with the megacheira.

Ercaia is genus of Cambrian arthropod known for being a member of the Chengjiang biota, containing the single species E. minuscula. It has been suggested to be one of the oldest crustaceans ever found.

Pectinifrons was a rangeomorph, a member of the Ediacara biota found at Mistaken Point, Newfoundland. It was a multi-branched organism with a comb- like appearance. It grew by adding fronds, then inflating them.

Thectardis avalonensis is a triangular-shaped member of the Ediacaran biota, dating from . The organism took the form of an elongated cone with a central depression, and its apex was anchored to the substrate.

Cricocosmia infested with Inquicus Cricocosmia is a genus of palaeoscolecid worm from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang biota. Fossils of prehistoric Cricocosmia species were found in the Cambrian period Maotianshan Shale geologic formation in China.

5 - 20% of the total plant carbon fixed during photosynthesis is supplied as root exudates in support of rhizospheric mutualistic biota. Microbial populations are typically higher in the rhizosphere than in adjacent bulk soil.

It was frequently used as a reference point for reports on geology and biota relevant to the south coast of Western Australia. It was also a referent point for maritime navigation and cartographic charts.

"Lower Cretaceous vertebrate fauna from the Sinuiju basin, North Korea as evidence of geographic extension of the Jehol Biota into the Korean Peninsula". "Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" 27, supplement to number (3). pp.106A.

Herpetogaster is an extinct cambroernid genus of animal from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang biota of China, Pioche Formation of Nevada and Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale of Canada containing the species Herpetogaster collinsi and Herpetogaster haiyanensis.

Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution map In the United States, ball moss is considered unattractive by some, and many landowners attempt to remove these bromeliads from their trees using different chemical solutions.

The lithology (the physical characteristics of the rocks) of the zone was composed of mudcrack and burrows of dolomite and limestone."Eurypterid-Associated Biota of the Rootsikula Horizon, Saaremaa, Estonia: Rootsikula, Estonia". The Paleobiology Database.

Studies by the “Biota of North America Program” suggest Yuba is the most biodiverse single county in the contiguous United States, with 1,968 native vascular plant species per ,Biota of North America Program; County-centered estimates of the number of native species per 10000 km2 (data 2011) a figure which shades the most species-rich parts of Florida. The county exhibits a considerable diversity of flowering plant species, among which is the yellow mariposa lily, Calochortus luteus.C. Michael Hogan. 2009. Yellow Mariposa Lily: Calochortus luteus, GlobalTwitcher.

This biota largely disappeared with the rapid increase in biodiversity known as the Cambrian explosion. Most of the currently existing body plans of animals first appeared in the fossil record of the Cambrian rather than the Ediacaran. For macroorganisms, the Cambrian biota appears to have completely replaced the organisms that dominated the Ediacaran fossil record, although relationships are still a matter of debate. The organisms of the Ediacaran Period first appeared around and flourished until the cusp of the Cambrian , when the characteristic communities of fossils vanished.

"Ediacaran" and "Ediacarian" were subsequently applied to the epoch or period of geological time and its corresponding rocks. In March 2004, the International Union of Geological Sciences ended the inconsistency by formally naming the terminal period of the Neoproterozoic after the Australian locality. Reprint, 2004 original available here (PDF). The term "Ediacaran biota" and similar ("Ediacara"/"Ediacaran"/"Ediacarian"/"Vendian", "fauna"/"biota") has, at various times, been used in a geographic, stratigraphic, taphonomic, or biological sense, with the latter the most common in modern literature.

G. pilsbryi can be found from the eastern coast of Florida to Campeche Bank.Felder, Darryl L. & Sylvia A. Earle. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 663.

Rogers, K. M. (2003). "Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope signatures indicate recovery of marine biota from sewage pollution at Moa Point, New Zealand." Marine Pollution Bulletin 46(7): 821–827. Rumohr, H. and H. Schomann (1992).

"Timing of the earliest known feathered dinosaurs and transitional pterosaurs older than the Jehol Biota." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (advance online publication). Another specimen, IVPP V17090, was described in 2012. At least four other specimens remain undescribed.

Chironomus: Leben, Verbreitung und wirtschaftliche Bedeutung der Chironomiden. Binnengewässer 20: 1-834. developed many aspects of phytotelm biology. Reviews of the subject by Kitching (1971) and Maguire (1971)Maguire, B. (1971) Phytotelmata: Biota and community structure.

Increasing soil carbon is not a straightforward matter; it is made complex by the relative activity of soil biota, which can consume and release carbon and are made more active by the addition of nitrogen fertilizers.

Naturalistes Moscou. 3: 79, plate 5. 1834.Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution mapDen virtuella floran, Sandmalört Artemisia stelleriana Besser in Swedish Common names include hoary mugwort, Dusty Miller, beach wormwood, and oldwoman.

G. golfoyaquense can be found in Caribbean waters, ranging from western Florida to the Yucatan.Felder, Darryl L. & Sylvia A. Earle. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 663.

Gas hydrates in the Gulf of Mexico. in Tunnell, J.W., Felder, D.L., Earle, S.A., Buster, N.A., Holmes, C.W. and Camp, D.K. eds., p. 247-276. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota: Volume 3, Geology (Vol. 3).

The school opened on 2 September 1963 and celebrated its 50th Anniversary on 2 September 2013. Inala West State School opened on 2 January 1960 at the end of Biota Street (). It closed on 31 December 2009.

A high abundance of E. pandrose is a specific feature of the northern part of the Kanin Peninsula and Kolguev Island, pointing to the connection of the biota of these territories with the subarctic regions of Fennoscandia.

The role of biota in geomorphology: ecogeomorphology. Ed. Shroder, J.F. Treatise on Geomorphology, Volume 12. Elsevier: London. It wasn't until the late twentieth century that biogeomorphology began attracting the attention of more than a handful of researchers.

B. nanodes can be found off the coast of Cuba.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 666.

Sida 21(2): 1175–1185.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapCalflora taxon report, University of California, Gamochaeta stagnalis (I.M. Johnst.) Anderb. Gamochaeta stagnalis is an annual herb up to tall, producing a slender taproot.

Rotadiscus is a genus of discoidal animal known from the Cambrian Chengjiang biota and classified with the eldoniids. As with other eldoniids, it was originally thought to have been pelagic, but is now thought to be benthic.

By comparison, Lake Perchard, to the north of Fermont, supplies the town with drinking water. It had a phosphorus concentration in October of . A more complete report was issued in April 2015 giving information about the biota.

The islands of this ecoregion have been separated from mainland New Guinea since the Late Pleistocene, and much of the biota is unique, including four mammal species and two birds-of-paradise plant species. The ecoregion covers .

Rubus harmonicus is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is native to the eastern United States (Maine, West Virginia).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapL.H. Bailey 1940.

It has been estimated by the Washington Department of Natural Resources (DNR) that Puget Sound is occupied by approximately of eelgrass. Research has shown that eelgrass beds in Puget Sound can be found in two different habitats: flats, which can be described as either large, shallow bays or small "pocket" beaches, and fringe beds along steep shorelines. Beds of eelgrass provide a vital link in the nearshore foodweb, creating underwater forests for biota such as salmon, herring, sand lance, and numerous invertebrates. Eelgrass beds provide nutrients and shelter for various biota in Puget Sound.

The 1012 white dwarfs that may exist in the galaxy during this time can then contribute a time-integrated BIOTA of 1045 kg-years. Red dwarf stars with luminosities of 1023 Watts and life-times of 1013 years can contribute 1034 kg-years each, and 1012 red dwarfs can contribute 1046 kg- years, while brown dwarfs can contribute 1039 kg-years of time-integrated biomass (BIOTA) in the galaxy. In total, the energy output of stars during 1020 years can sustain a time-integrated biomass of about 1045 kg-years in the galaxy.

Microbiota is a monotypic genus of evergreen coniferous shrub in the cypress family Cupressaceae, containing only one species, Microbiota decussata (Siberian carpet cypress, Russian arbor-vitae). The plant is native and endemic to a limited area of the Sikhote-Alin mountains in Primorskiy Krai in the Russian Far East. The name causes much confusion because of other meanings for the word "microbiota", but the genus name was derived from micro-, meaning "small", + Biota, the genus name for a closely related conifer, a species formerly called Biota orientalis, now renamed Platycladus orientalis. leaves.

Cloudina is usually found in association with microbial stromatolites, which are limited to shallow water; their isotopic compositionCa/Mg ratios suggests that water temperatures were relatively cool. They have also been found in normal sea-floor sediments, suggesting that they were not only restricted to dwelling on microbial mounds. On the other hand, Cloudina has never been found in the same layers as the soft-bodied Ediacara biota, but Cloudina and Ediacara biota have been found in alternating layers. This suggests that the two groups of organisms had different environmental preferences.

Shade coffee differs from the industrial open sun coffee plantations that increase faster coffee growth and reduce costs but result in decreased biota resources, refuge, nutrient cycling and increased broken terrain and soil erosion. Studies have been done in Latin America to prove the biological importance of shade coffee. In 1996, a scientific journal discussed the evolving industrial coffee plantation effects on Northern Latin American countries. Areas of high deforestation where traditional shade coffee methods are used have been found to be a crucial refuge for many biota.

Ursulinacaris fossils have been found in the Northwest Territories and Nevada. Most specimens come from the Little Bear biota of the Mount Cap Formation, though one referred specimen is from the Jangle Limestone member of the Carrara Formation of Nevada. Its generic name refers to the Little Bear biota, being derived from Latin "ursulina" meaning "from little bear" and "caris" meaning "crab". The name of the type species, U. grallae, is derived from the Latin word "grallae," which means "stilts," as a reference to the shape of the spines.

Reconstruction of fossil soils and their biota in the Mistaken Point Formation of Newfoundland The Avalon-type assemblage is defined at Mistaken Point in Canada, the oldest locality with a large quantity of Ediacaran fossils. The assemblage is easily dated because it contains many fine ash-beds, which are a good source of zircons used in the uranium-lead method of radiometric dating. These fine-grained ash beds also preserve exquisite detail. Constituents of this biota appear to survive through until the extinction of all Ediacarans at the base of the Cambrian.

M. subsida can be found in waters of the Florida Strait.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 667.

The Ust Pinega Formation is a geological formation exposed along the banks of the Onega River in Arkhangelsk Oblast, northwestern Russia. It is famed for the vast quantities of fossils of Ediacara biota preserved in its ash beds.

The Other deposits come from the near emerged lands, that include the Gerecse Hills, Vértes Hills and the Bakony Hills, whose biota has been recovered on the formation by Palynological analysis and fossil wood.Simoncsics, P., & Kedves, M. (1961).

20 Page 623 Arnoglossum album L. C. Anderson, Sida. 18: 378, figs. 1, 6-9. 1998. Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Arnoglossum album is a plant growing up to 100 cm (40 inches) tall.

There are four main themes that underline the complex systems within biogeomorphology. The first of which is multiple causality. Multiple casualty is the way in which biota is deposited. More specifically, multiple casualty is caused by various processes.

Although mesopredators such as raccoons and fish crows may steal eggs and nestlings from nests in Florida, adults may have no known natural predators.Layne, J. N. (1996). Audubon's Crested Caracara. In Rare and endangered biota of Florida. Vol.

It is native to Russia, Japan, and northern North America (from Alaska, east as far as Quebec + Nunavut and south to Nevada).Biota of North America Program 2014 state-wide distribution mapPan-arctic Flora, 862220 Artemisia tilesii Ledeb.

G. dentiferum can be found in Caribbean waters, ranging from Alabama to the Florida Keys and Panama.Felder, Darryl L. & Sylvia A. Earle. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 663.

F. mirmidina can be found in waters off the western coast of Florida.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009.

P. circumvoluta can be found in Atlantic waters, in the Florida Strait.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 668.

P. flucki can be found in the waters from Campeche to Colombia.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 669.

Hewitt, Godfrey. "Post‐glacial re‐colonization of European biota." Biological journal of the Linnean Society, 68, 87-112, 1999 These colonization entailed successive bottlenecks phenomena that led to a loss of genetic diversity in northern populations.Bennett, K. et al.

It has also been interpreted as a deformed Dickinsonia. The Vendobionta theory has them as "fluid-filled quilts". As with most of the Ediacaran biota, scientists are yet to reach agreement on a firm classification for this enigmatic fossil.

Microdocodon is a genus of docodontan mammaliaform from the Late Jurassic Yanliao Biota. It contains only a single species, Microdocodon gracilis. It is unique for preserving the hyoid bone, which is almost unknown in the early mammal fossil record.

P. magnificum can be found in Caribbean waters, off the northwestern coast of Cuba.Felder, Darryl L & Sylvia A. Earle. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota: Biodiversity. Corpus Christi, TX: Texas A&M; University-Corpus Christi Press, 2009. 659.

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map It has a number of common names including yellow jessamine or jasmine, Carolina jasmine or jessamine, evening trumpetflower, gelsemium and woodbine. Yellow jessamine is the state flower of South Carolina.

Native to most of Europe, Hieracium lachenalii was introduced to cooler parts of North America,Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map and to Australia. It can sometimes be found in soils that have been disturbed.

Islands from that time are partly or fully submerged. Most modern New Caledonian terranes formed via accretion of oceanic island arcs and seamounts. The biota evolved as metapopulations on islands that changed constantly until they merged into the archipelago.

G. presleyi can be found in Caribbean waters, off the western coast of Florida.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 666.

D. antillana can be found in Caribbean waters, off the coast of Cuba.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 667.

D. dilecta can be found in Caribbean waters, off the northwestern coast of Cuba.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 667.

D. eugrammata can be found in Caribbean waters, off the northwestern coast of Cuba.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 667.

D. leucophlegma can be found in Caribbean waters, off the northwestern coast of Cuba.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 667.

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapAltervista Flora Italiana, Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Spach includes photos, drawings, European distribution map The plant grows in damp places and shallow water. Cultivated varieties are eaten in East Asia for their pungent flavor.

Clypecaris is genus of bivalved Cambrian arthropod known from the Chengjiang biota. The genus was initially described for the type species C. pteroidea by Hou, 1999.Hou, X.-G. New rare bivalved arthropods from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang fauna, Yunnan, China.

Sida 21(2): 1175–1185.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Gamochaeta sphacelata is an annual herb up to tall. Leaves are long and narrow, up to long. The plant forms many small flower heads in elongated arrays.

Continental islands have less distinct biota, but those that have been long separated from any continent also have endemic species and adaptive radiations, such as the 75 lemur species of Madagascar, and the eleven extinct moa species of New Zealand.

Flora of North America, Vol. 23 Page 157, Cyperus fuscus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 46. 1753. Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution map Cyperus fuscusis a plant of wet areas, particularly disturbed places such as ditches and temporary ponds.

P. amabile can be found in Atlantic waters, ranging from North Carolina to Brazil.,Felder, Darryl L & Sylvia A. Earle. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota: Biodiversity. Corpus Christi, TX: Texas A&M; University—Corpus Christi Press, 2009. 658–659.

V. avenella can be found in Caribbean waters, ranging from the Florida Keys to Cuba.Felder, Darryl L & Sylvia A. Earle. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota: Biodiversity. Corpus Christi, TX: Texas A&M; University-Corpus Christi Press, 2009. 659.

It was among the first dinosaurs discovered from the Yixian Formation in Liaoning Province, and was a member of the Jehol Biota. Well-preserved fossils of this species illustrate many aspects of its biology, such as its diet and reproduction.

The formations where Protopteryx was found were the Yixian and Dageibou formations.Zhonghe, Z. (2006), "Evolutionary radiation of the Jehol Biota: chronological and ecological perspectives". Geol. J., 41: 377–393. doi: 10.1002/gj.1045O’Connor, Jingmai K., Zhonghe Zhou, and Fucheng Zhang.

Gray) W. W. Payne, J. Arnold Arbor. 45: 422. 1964. Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapCalflora taxon report, University of California, Ambrosia dumosa (A. Gray) Payne Burrobush, burro weed, white bursage Tropicos, specimen listing for Ambrosia dumosa (A.

Besides, Caihong was especially distinguished from closely related genera of the Yanliao Biota, such as Eosinopteryx and Anchiornis, by the presence of prominent lacrimal crests, longer pennaceous feathers on the forelimbs and hindlimbs and tail feathers with large asymmetrical vanes.

Annulatubus is a genus of the Ediacaran biota (635-542 Ma) found in Northwest Canada, and Northern Siberia. It has been found in both shallow water and deep-water assemblages no older than 560 Ma placing it within the youngest Ediacaran.

Only one species, Namalia villieriensis, has been discovered so far. But there are multiple other known Nama-type biota, or benthic organisms with the hard parts preserved, that are thought to have lived in similar ecological niches as N. villieriensis.

In 2000, scientists in Ireland commenced a research programme called "Ag-Biota", concerning the impact of modern agriculture on biodiversity. There is also continuous monitoring and research on Irish biodiversity carried out by the National Biodiversity Data Centre based in Waterford.

T. nisonis can be found in Atlantic waters, ranging from South Carolina to Brazil.Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia, A. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota: Biodiversity. Corpus Christi, TX: University of Texas A&M-Corpus; Christi Press, 2009. 632.

The acidic biota in the ponds are characteristic of acidic environments worldwide, in contrast to the typically Arctic biota in adjacent alkaline ponds. Although the soil of the region contains much limestone, the buffer effect has completely disappeared.Hubert van den Bergh: "Atmosphère et climat", Notes de cours, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland, 2005. Clouds of smoke from burning sulfur-rich lignite deposits Eroding mud face continuously exposes new minerals from the Smoking Hills area Weathering of the coastline of the area leads to the continuous exposure of new mineral deposits from the muds that make up the underlying geology.

One interpretation of the biota is as deep-sea-dwelling rangeomorphs such as Charnia, all of which share a fractal growth pattern. They were probably preserved in situ (without post-mortem transportation), although this point is not universally accepted. The assemblage, while less diverse than the Ediacara- or Nama-types, resembles Carboniferous suspension-feeding communities, which may suggest filter feeding – by most interpretations, the assemblage is found in water too deep for photosynthesis. The low diversity may reflect the depth of water – which would restrict speciation opportunities – or it may just be too young for a rich biota to have evolved.

The Nature Conservation Act 1992 is an act of the Parliament of Queensland, Australia, that provides for the legislative protection of Queensland's threatened biota. As originally published, it provided for biota to be declared presumed extinct, endangered, vulnerable, rare or common. In 2004 the act was amended to more closely align with the IUCN Red List categories: presumed extinct was changed to extinct in the wild and common was changed to least concern. Near threatened was introduced as an eventual replacement for rare, but the latter was to be phased out over time rather than immediately abandoned.

To quantify the potential amounts of life in biospheres, theoretical astroecology attempts to estimate the amount of biomass over the duration of a biosphere. The resources, and the potential time-integrated biomass were estimated for planetary systems, for habitable zones around stars, and for the galaxy and the universe. Such astroecology calculations suggest that the limiting elements nitrogen and phosphorus in the estimated 1022 kg carbonaceous asteroids could support 6·1020 kg biomass for the expected five billion future years of the Sun, yielding a future time- integrated BIOTA (BIOTA, Biomass Integrated Over Times Available, measured in kilogram-years) of 3·1030 kg-years in the Solar System, a hundred thousand times more than life on Earth to date. Considering biological requirements of 100 W kg−1 biomass, radiated energy about red giant stars and white and red dwarf stars could support a time-integrated BIOTA up to 1046 kg-years in the galaxy and 1057 kg-years in the universe.

M. extensa can be found in Caribbean waters, ranging from the coast of Louisiana to Cuba.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 668.

G. felderi can be found in the Gulf of Mexico, off the coast of Louisiana.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 668.

G. fredericqae can be found in the Gulf of Mexico, off the coast of Louisiana.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 668.

G. petiti can be found in Caribbean waters, off the western coast of Dry Tortugas.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 668.

H. polytorta can be found in the Yucatan Strait in the Gulf of Mexico.;Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 669.

E. cingulata can be found in Atlantic waters, ranging from the Bahamas south to Brazil.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 668.

D. cubana can be found in Atlantic waters, ranging from the Campeche Bank to Cuba.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 667.

BONAP (Biota of North America Program) Berberis harrisoniana It occurs in shaded, rocky canyons in the mountains, at an elevation of approximately 800–1000 m.Laferriere, J. E. 1992. Berberidaceae, Barberry Family. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science. 26:2-4.

P. elusiva can be found in Caribbean waters, ranging from the Yucatan to Puerto Rico.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 668.

P. hadria can be found off the North American coastline, ranging from North Carolina to Alabama.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 668.

P. florencae can be found in Caribbean waters, ranging from the Bahamas south to Brazil.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 669.

P. sulciferus can be found off the North American coastline, ranging from South Carolina to Texas.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 668.

Almost Never is the tenth studio album by experimental music ensemble Biota, released in 1992 by ReR Megacorp. The album focuses compositionally upon three electroacoustic suites for winds, strings, and processed acoustic/ethnic/antique instrumentation ("Burn Daylight" – "Circling These" – "Old Reason Road").

P. monilis can be found off the North American coastline, ranging from Texas to Florida.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 669.

Z. crocata can be found off the western coast of Florida to the Florida Keys.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 669.

S. paxillus can be found in Caribbean waters, ranging from the Bahamas south to Brazil.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 669.

Maotianshania cylindrica is an extinct worm-like creature of average size (up to long and wide). It occurs in the Lower Cambrian (Atdabanian) Chengjiang biota of Northeastern Yunnan, China. It is usually preserved as pink impression. The gut is a dark central zone.

It is administered by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation. Today, the purpose of the reserve is to fully preserve the biota without direct human interference other than actions to restore and preserve the natural balance, biological diversity and natural ecological processes.

Biota of North America Program, Galium rubioides Galium rubioides is an erect herb up to 100 cm tall, with broad leaves up to 20 cm long and 15 cm wide, generally in whorls of 4. Fruits and roots have a reddish tinge.

W. J. Morgan and J. P. Morgan. Plate velocities in hotspot reference frame: electronic supplement. The seamount is about 7 million years old. It incorporates a tropical to subtropical, very shallow water calcareous algal/encrusting foraminiferid biota, suggesting deposition in water deep.

Parapaleomerus is a genus of strabopid of small size found in Chengjiang biota, China. It contains one species, P. sinensis. Unlike the other members of Strabopida, Parapaleomerus lacks dorsal eyes and only possesses ten trunk tergites. The telson has been described as trapezoidal.

Primicaris is genus of Cambrian arthropod from the Chengjiang biota, containing the single species P. larvaformis. Its specimens were once thought to be meraspids of Naraoia spinosa. It is also known from the Burgess Shale, its phylogenetic position has been described as "problematic".

Diplopyge is genus of Cambrian arthropod known for being a member of the Chengjiang biota. It was described by Luo et al in 1999.Luo, H., Hu, S., Chen, L., Zhang, S., Tao, Y., 1999. Early CambrianChengjiang Fauna from Kunming Region, China.

Dongshanocaris is genus of Cambrian arthropod known for being a member of the Chengjiang biota, containing the single species D. foliiformis. It was described by Hou and Bergstrom in 1999.Hou, X., Bergstrfm, J., Wang, H., Feng, X., Chen, A., 1999. TheChengjiang Fauna.

Ammonoids and conodonts found in the formation constrain its age to the early Carnian. Reptiles of the Guanling biota include ichthyosaurs, thalattosaurs, placodonts, and Odontochelys (an early relative of turtles). Sedimentary events within this formation have been tied to the Carnian Pluvial Event.

Zhongjianosaurus is a genus of dromaeosaurid belonging to the Microraptoria. Believed to hail from the Yixian Formation, specifically the middle of the Jehol Biota, it is the smallest known microraptorine thus far discovered and one of the smallest non-avian theropod dinosaurs.

P. guttatum can be found in Caribbean waters, ranging from eastern Florida to Colombia and the Virgin Islands.Felder, Darryl L & Sylvia A. Earle. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota: Biodiversity. Corpus Christi, TX: Texas A&M; University-Corpus Christi Press, 2009. 659.

A 2018 study confirmed that one of the period's most-prominent and iconic fossils, Dickinsonia, included cholesterol, suggesting affinities to animals, fungi, or red algae. The concept of "Ediacaran Biota" is somewhat artificial as it cannot be defined geographically, stratigraphically, taphonomically, or biologically.

Skania is a Middle Cambrian fossil arthropod that is closely related to the Early Cambrian Primicaris larvaformis from the Chengjiang Biota, China. It bears a superficial resemblance to the Ediacaran organism Parvancorina. While previously enigmatic, it is now thought to be a marrellomorph.

" Chinese Geology, 238: 38–41. Known from the Jianshangou bed of the Yixian Formation, it lived during the early Aptian age of the Early Cretaceous, approximately 124.6 million years ago.Zhou, Z. (2006). "Evolutionary radiation of the Jehol Biota: chronological and ecological perspectives.

The original naming paper (Wang, 2000) regarded the salamander a member of the biota, but recent studies reveals this fossil-bearing Daohugou Beds is lower, Middle/Late Jurassic in age. The specific name "paradoxus" refers to the strange skull morphology of the animal.

Homer D. House, Wild Flowers Of New York University of the State of New York, 1918Water Willow (Decodon verticillatus). Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center]Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution map. Bonap.net (2014-12-15). Retrieved on 2016-01-22.

Pangerpeton is an extinct genus of salamanders. Its monotypic species is Pangerpeton sinensis. Pangerpeton is a metamorphosed, primitive salamander from the Late Jurassic Daohugou fossil bed near Wubaiding Village of Lingyuan City, Liaoning Province, China. It is part of the Yanliao Biota.

Luohuilinella is an extinct genus of xandarellid artiopodan arthropod known from the Chengjiang biota of China. The type species Luohuilinella rarus was described in 2012. A second species Luohuilinella deletres was described in 2018. Both taxa are rare components of the assemblage.

The Auckland office also has the New Zealand Fungarium (PDD), a fungarium containing over 80,000 dried fungal specimens, including all the New Zealand fungal type species. This represents one of the most extensive compilations on the national fungal biota of any country.

Beltanelliformis is a genus of discoid fossil from the Ediacaran period, sometimes ascribed to the Ediacaran Biota. The chemical signature obtained from organically-preserved specimens points to a cyanobacterial affinity (cf. Nostoc). Depending on its preservation, it is sometimes referred to as Nemiana or Beltanelloides.

P. hemphilli can be found in Caribbean waters, ranging from the western coast of Florida to the Bahamas.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 667.

P. cinctella can be found in Atlantic waters, ranging from the coast of Campeche to Brazil.;Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 667.

P. filosa can be found in Caribbean waters, ranging from the western coast of Florida south to Colombia.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 667.

K. serga can be found in Atlantic waters, in the Gulf Stream ranging from Bermuda to Brazil.;Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 667.

B. galae can be found in the Caribbean Sea, ranging from the coast of Louisiana to Quintana Roo.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 666.

G. agassizii can be found in Atlantic waters, ranging from the coast of Massachusetts south to Tobago.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 668.

G. edgariana can be found in Caribbean waters, ranging from the coast of Louisiana to the Lesser Antilles.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 668.

G. eritima can be found in Atlantic, ranging from the North Carolina seaboard along the coast to Louisiana.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 666.

E. stegeri can be found in Atlantic waters, ranging from the eastern coast of Florida south to Brazil.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 668.

F. catharinae can be found in Atlantic waters, ranging from the coast of Massachusetts south to Florida.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 668.

D. lymneiformis can be found in Atlantic and Caribbean waters, ranging from the eastern coast of Florida to Brazil.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009.

D. peripla can be found in Caribbean waters, ranging from the western coast of Florida to the Yucatan.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 667.

D. reticulosa can be found in Caribbean waters, ranging from the western coast of Florida to Barbados.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 668.

Daphnella retifera can be found in Atlantic waters, ranging from the coast of North Carolina south to Brazil.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 668.

D. corbicula can be found in Atlantic waters, ranging from the coast of North Carolina south to Brazil.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 667.

The Yanliao Biota comes from outcrops north of the Han Mountains, in the northeast of the People's Republic of China. The most important site is near Daohugou Village in Inner Mongolia, but fossils and outcrops are also found in neighbouring Liaoning Province and Heibei Province.

C. disticha can be found in Caribbean waters, ranging from the western coast of Florida to Puerto Rico.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 669.

C. eucosmia can be found in the Gulf of Mexico, off the coast of Suriname; also off Grenada.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 669.

Theta chariessa can be found in Atlantic waters, ranging from the coast of Massachusetts south to Brazil.;Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 668.

C. periscelida can be found in Atlantic waters, ranging from the coast of North Carolina south to Colombia.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 669.

P. ipara can be found in Caribbean waters, ranging from the coast of Louisiana south to Brazil.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 668.

P. pandionis can be found off the North American coastline, ranging from New Jersey south to Florida.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 668.

P. leucocyma can be found in Atlantic waters, ranging from the eastern coast of Florida south to Brazil.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 669.

It can also limit the amount of light penetrating the water, which affects aquatic biota. The resulting turbidity from sedimentation can interfere with feeding habits of fishes, affecting population dynamics. Sedimentation also affects the transport and accumulation of pollutants, including phosphorus and various pesticides.

He more recently published an updated monograph on the marine mammals of the Gulf of Mexico.Würsig B. 2017. Marine Mammals of the Gulf of Mexico, pp. 1489-1587, In: Habitats and Biota of the Gulf of Mexico: Before the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, Vol.

Jinanichthys is an extinct genus of osteoglossiform which existed in China during the early Cretaceous period. Species include J. longicephalus and J. major.Vertebrate assemblages of the Jehol Biota in western Liaoning, China Xiaolin Wang, Yuanqing Wang, Fan Jin 1 Xing Xu and Yuan Wang.

Kuamaia is an extinct genus of artiopodan in the phylum Arthropoda. Fossils of the type species K. lata were discovered in the Chengjiang biota. The other species in the genus,K. muricata has also been identified there, but neither species has been found elsewhere.

The plant is widespread across much of North America (United States, Canada, and northern Mexico).Biota of North America Program 2104 county distribution map It is also naturalized in parts of Europe, Asia, Australia, and South America.United States Department of Agriculture Plants Profile . accessed 2.14.

The Messel pit biota, dated to the middle of the thermal maximum, indicate a tropical rainforest environment in South Germany. Unlike modern rainforests, its latitude would have made it seasonal combined with equatorial temperatures, a weather system and corresponding environment unmatched anywhere on Earth today.

Sousa Sánchez, M. & E. F. Cabrera Cano. 1983. Flora de Quintana Roo. Listados Florísticos de México 2: 1–100.BONAP (Biota of North America Project) floristic synthesis, Halodule wrightii ImageCreed, J. C., Engelen, A. H., D'Oliveira, E. C., Bandeira, S. and Serrão, E. A. 2016.

Inquicus fellatus is an extinct, bottle-shaped worm from the Chengjiang Biota, in what was once a marine environment from Early Cambrian Yunnan province. Its fossils are found attached to fossils of the worms Cricocosmia and Mafangscolex in either a parasitic or commensalistic relationship.

Sida 21(2): 1175–1185.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapCalflora taxon report, University of California, Gamochaeta coarctata Gamochaeta coarctata is an annual herb up to tall. Leaves are up to long. The plant forms many small flower heads in elongated arrays.

Jürgen Haffer (9 December 1932 in Berlin – 26 April 2010 in Essen) was a German ornithologist, biogeographer, and geologist. He is most remembered for his theory of Amazonian forest refugia during the Pleistocene that would have contributed to speciation and the diversification of the biota.

Sphenothallus is represented in the Cambrian period in the Kaili biota and the Mount Stephen trilobite beds, where it co- occurs with the similar organisms Cambrorhythium and Byronia. It is known in younger strata in Canada and the US, surviving at least until the Mississippian.

In Capital Nat. México. CONABIO, Mexico D.F..Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Hieracium carneum is an herb up to tall. Leaves are lanceolate to linear, up to long. Flower heads contain white to pinkish ray flowers but no disc flowers.

Limanopoda cinna,Dalla sp. Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera). Included among the biota of the volcano are a significant number of charismatic or protected species, such as the Canaco tree (Chiranthodendron derbianus) and the Ornate hawk-eagle (Spizaetus ornatos). There are innumerable species of orchids and bromeliads.

The local climate is arid, cold and subject to strong insolation, including strong ultraviolet radiation. This has caused the lake to be compared to the environment of Mars. Despite these conditions, the lake features a biota including bacteria, archaea, crustaceans and even a midge.

The Society is also interested in the biogeographical implications of colonization and history. From its inception, the Society has published the annual Bulletin. In 2007, the thirty-first issue was produced. The series now contains an impressive data-base including information on biota outside Ireland.

Koldewey is Chair of the Fish Section of the IUCN Re- introduction Specialist Group, and a UK government zoo inspector. She is the Section Head for Global Programmes at ZSL. Koldewey was involved in designing and building Biota!, an aquarium in Silvertown Quays in London.

IMCRA 4.0 data In addition, this area contains the highest concentration of west coast endemics. Consistent with this, the Houtman Abrolhos contains a mix of tropical, temperate and west coast endemic fauna, resulting in unusual associations such as the occurrence of tropical corals in close association with temperate macro-algae. The proportions of tropical, temperate and west coast endemic biota vary from taxonomic group to group, but in general the biota is dominated by tropical species. This is attributable to the location of the Houtman Abrolhos at the northern limit of the Southwest Shelf Transition, together with the warming influence of the Leeuwin Current.

However, this classification has fallen out of favor, and the Chaomidianzi Formation is disused as a synonym of the Jianshangou Bed of the Yixian Formation. In 2008, Ji et al. argued that these traditional definitions of the Jehol Biota arbitrarily excluded earlier fossil beds that clearly represent the first evolutionary stages of the later faunas, even though lower beds also had representatives of Ephemeropsis and Lycoptera. They argued that the boundaries of the biota should rather be set based on the distinctive large-scale sequences of volcanism which produced the strata, with the upper boundary set at the Shahai and Fuxin formations and the lower boundary at the Zhangjiakou Formation.

Digitally enhanced image of a Spriggina fossil Like many of the Ediacara biota, the relationship of Spriggina to other groups is unclear. It bears some similarity to the living polychaete worm Tomopteris and Amphinomidae, but its lack of chaetae, along with other lines of evidence, suggests that it cannot be placed in this phylum. It was also compared to the rangeomorphs, frondose members of the Ediacara biota that may represent a separate kingdom. While its glide symmetry may suggest otherwise, Spriggina is considered by some other researchers to be an arthropod; its superficial resemblance to the trilobites may suggest a close relationship to this class.

A major re- evaluation of soil formation and the role of biota commenced in the 1980s, as soil-geomorphologists began to re-evaluate Charles Darwin's and Nathaniel Shaler's early ideas on the role of bioturbation in soil formation.Darwin, C., 1881, The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms, with observations on their habits: London, John MurrayShaler, N. S., 1891, The origin and nature of soils, in Powell, J. W., ed., USGS 12th Annual report 1890-1891: Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office, p. 213-45. There is now ample evidence to support Darwin's conclusions, and in many areas biota that burrow in soil are major agents of pedogenesis.

Cloudinids comprise two genera: Cloudina itself is mineralized, whereas Conotubus is at best weakly mineralized, whilst sharing the same "funnel-in-funnel" construction. Cloudinids had a wide geographic range, reflected in the present distribution of localities in which their fossils are found, and are an abundant component of some deposits. They never appear in the same layers as soft-bodied Ediacaran biota, but the fact that some sequences contain cloudinids and Ediacaran biota in alternating layers suggests that these groups had different environmental preferences. It has been suggested that cloudinids lived embedded in microbial mats, growing new cones to avoid being buried by silt.

It has been shown that both resolved and unresolved components of oils are subject to concurrent biodegradation, i.e. it is not a sequential process, but due to the recalcitrant nature of some components, the rates of biodegradation of individual compounds greatly varies. The UCM fraction often represents the major component of hydrocarbons within hydrocarbon-polluted sediments (see reference therein) and biota e.g.Fowler, S. W., Readman, J. W., Oregioni, B., Villeneuve, J. P. & McKay, K. Petroleum- Hydrocarbons and Trace-Metals in Nearshore Gulf Sediments and Biota before and after the 1991 War - an Assessment of Temporal and Spatial Trends. Marine Pollution Bulletin 27, 171-182 (1993).

Francevillian biota fossils The Francevillian biota (also known as Gabon macrofossils or Gabonionta) is a group of 2.1-billion-year-old Palaeoproterozoic, macroscopic organisms known from fossils found in Gabon in the Palaeoproterozoic Francevillian B Formation, a black shale province. The fossils are regarded as evidence of the earliest form of multicellular life. The fossils were discovered by an international team led by the Moroccan- French geologist Abderrazak El Albani, of the University of Poitiers, France. While the fossils have yet to be assigned to a formal taxonomic position, they have been informally and collectively referred to as the "Gabonionta" by the Natural History Museum Vienna in 2014.

Gaian hypotheses suggest that organisms co-evolve with their environment: that is, they "influence their abiotic environment, and that environment in turn influences the biota by Darwinian process". Lovelock (1995) gave evidence of this in his second book, showing the evolution from the world of the early thermo-acido- philic and methanogenic bacteria towards the oxygen-enriched atmosphere today that supports more complex life. A reduced version of the hypothesis has been called "influential Gaia" in "Directed Evolution of the Biosphere: Biogeochemical Selection or Gaia?" by Andrei G. Lapenis, which states the biota influence certain aspects of the abiotic world, e.g. temperature and atmosphere.

P. plicosa can be found in Atlantic and Caribbean waters, ranging from the coast of Massachusetts south to Panama.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 667.

R. diomedea can be found in the Gulf of Mexico, ranging from the coast of Texas to the Campeche Bank.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 667.

R. rubella can be found in Atlantic waters, ranging from the coast of North Carolina south to Brazil.;Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 667.

C. cerinella can be found in Atlantic waters, ranging from the coast of North Carolina south to Quintana Roo.;Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 666.

C. vincula can be found in Caribbean waters, ranging from the western coast of Florida to the Lesser Antilles.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 666.

K. dorvilliae can be found in Atlantic waters, ranging from the eastern coast of Florida south to Brazil.;Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 666.

K. perryae can be found in the Gulf of Mexico, ranging from the coast of Texas to western Florida.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 667.

I. lanceolata can be found in Atlantic waters, ranging from the eastern coast of Florida south to Brazil.;Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 666.

I. psila can be found in Atlantic waters, ranging from the coast of North Carolina south to Venezuela.;Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 666.

K. cerina can be found in Northwest Atlantic waters, ranging from the coast of Massachusetts to the Campeche Bank.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 666.

B. biconica can be found in Atlantic waters, ranging from the coast of North Carolina south to Brazil.;Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 666.

B. multicincta can be found in the Gulf of Mexico and in the Caribbean Sea off the coast of Cuba.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 666.

G. blakeana can be found in Atlantic and Caribbean waters, ranging from the coast of Massachusetts south to the Yucatan.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 668.

G. filifera can be found in the Gulf of Mexico, ranging from the coast of Louisiana to western Florida.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 668.

M. malmii can be found in the Gulf of Mexico, ranging from the coast of Louisiana to Cuba.;Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 668.

I. auberiana can be found in Atlantic waters, ranging from the eastern coast of Florida south to Brazil.;Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 666.

T. mucronata can be found in the Gulf of Mexico, ranging from the coast of Texas south to Brazil.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 667.

E. mcgintyi can be found in waters off both coasts of Florida atdepths between 55 m to 146 m .Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 668.

D. margaretae can be found in Atlantic and Caribbean waters, ranging from the eastern coast of Florida to Brazil.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 667.

P. albida can be found in Western Atlantic waters, ranging from the eastern coast of Florida south to Brazil.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 669.

C. acestra can be found off the Florida Keys, in the Gulf of Mexico, off the coast of Eastern Brazil.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 669.

C. canna can be found in Atlantic waters, ranging from the coast of North Carolina to the Lesser Antilles.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 669.

P. benedicti can be found in Atlantic waters, ranging from the coast of Massachusetts south to the Lesser Antilles.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 668.

T. thaumatopsis can be found in the Gulf of Mexico, ranging from the coast of Georgia to western Florida.;Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 668.

R. morra can be found in Atlantic waters, ranging from the coast of North Carolina south to Brazil.;Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 668.

26 Page 78 Melanthium latifolium Desrousseaux in J. Lamarck et al., Encycl. 4: 25. 1797. and Veratrum latifolium,Biota of North America Program 2013 distribution map, Veratrum latifolium but the "hybridum" epithet is 9 years older than the "latifolium," so Veratrum hybridum is now the accepted name.

Iotuba chengjiangensis (sometimes mis-spelt Lotuba ) is a problematic Cambrian fossil with a U-shaped gut and tentacles, known from the Chengjiang biota. Originally interpreted as a phoronid marine animal, its affinity is currently disputed. It, and the possibly-synonymous taxon Eophoronis, resemble the 'priapulid' Louisella.

P. nodata can be found in the Gulf of Mexico, ranging from the eastern coast of Florida to Venezuela.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 669.

C. haliostrephis can be found in the Gulf of Mexico, ranging from the coast of Louisiana south to Brazil.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 669.

C. tristicha can be found in the Gulf of Mexico, ranging from the coast of Mississippi south to Brazil.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 669.

P. albocincta can be found in Atlantic waters, ranging from the eastern coast of Florida to the Lesser Antilles.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 669.

S. redferni can be found in Caribbean waters, ranging from the Bahamas to Jamaica;Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 669. also off French Guiana.

The Nature Conservancy. and Santa Cruz Counties.Hodgson, W. 1993 Bixacaeae, Lipsticktree Family. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 27:188-189.Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution map It has also been found in the States of Sinaloa and Jalisco to the south.

Judging by the slender limbs with robust joints and claw- tipped elongate digits, Pectodens was most likely an entirely terrestrial animal. It exhibits no adaptations for an aquatic lifestyle, unlike other archosauromorphs in the Panxian-Luoping biota (the amphibious Qianosuchus, for instance, or the marine Dinocephalosaurus).

Spanish studies, in Bizkaia, show a fairly low density of around 0.72 territories per square kilometer for 1704 occupied territories found in area of .Zuberogoitia, I., & Martínez, J. A. (2000). Methods for surveying Tawny Owl Strix aluco populations in large areas. Biota, 1(2), 79-88.

Woodland cover and Tawny Owl Strix aluco density in a Mediterranean urban area. Biota, 1, 83-92.Ranazzi, L., Manganaro, A., & Salvati, L. (2002). Density fluctuations in an urban population of Tawny Owl Strix aluco: a long- term study in Rome, Italy. Ornis Svecica, 12, 63-67.

Fossil specimen of C. eucalla, Beijing Museum of Natural History Cindarella is genus of trilobite-like Cambrian arthropod known from the Chengjiang biota of China. It is classified as in the stem group of trilobites (Artiopoda) in the clade Xandarellida, along with Phytophilaspis, Sinoburius, and Xandarella.

As a member of the free-tailed bat family, the tail extends far beyond the short uropatagium. The short, glossy fur is brownish-gray to cinnamon-brown in color.Belwood (1992). Florida mastiff bat, Eumops glaucinus floridanus. pp. 216–223 in Rare and endangered biota of Florida.

Indiana was inhabited by creatures like the birds, camels, fishes, peccaries, the short- faced bear, rodents, snakes, and turtles. In nearly recent times the biota of Indiana included dire wolves, gastropods, mammoths, mastodons, pelecypods, plants (which left both body and pollen fossils), and saber-toothed cats.

Zhou Z. and Wang Y. (2010). "Vertebrate diversity of the Jehol Biota as compared with other lagerstätten." Science China: Earth Sciences, 53(12): 1894–1907. Largirostrornis is known from one fossil, slab and counterslab, found in the Jiufotang Formation in Liaoning province, People's Republic of China.

Samoa Islands This is an English language bibliography of American Samoa and its geography, history, inhabitants, culture, biota, etc. American Samoa (; ) is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of the sovereign state of Samoa (formerly known as Western Samoa).

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapGreat Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains i–vii, 1–1392. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence. Baccharis wrightii is a shrub up to 80 cm (32 inches) tall, the branches woody only at the bases.

CONABIO, México D.F.. and also found in the southwestern United States (Arizona + New Mexico).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Baccharis thesioides is a branching shrub up to 200 cm (80 inches) tall. It grows in mountains and canyons in pine-oak forests.

Glide symmetry can be observed in nature among certain fossils of the Ediacara biota; the machaeridians; and certain palaeoscolecid worms. It can also be seen in many extant groups of sea pens. Glide reflection is common in Conway's Game of Life when producing Gun (cellular automaton).

This genusHU, S. 2005. Taphonomy and palaeoecology of the early Cambrian Chengjiang Biota from eastern Yunnan, China. Berliner Paläobiologische Abhandlungen, 7, 1–197. has simple sclerites with a single (small but prominent) node in the middle, so can be separated from Palaeoscolex(unless this simplicity is taphonomic).

Sida 21(2): 1175–1185.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapCalflora taxon report, University of California, Gamochaeta stachydifolia Reveal & Beatley Gamochaeta stachydifolia is an annual herb up to tall. Leaves are up to long. The plant forms many small flower heads in elongated arrays.

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Flyriella parryi grows on rocky slopes, along streambanks, and in canyons. Its stem has many long, glandular hairs. Its leaves are egg- shaped, and up to long. One plant will produce numerous flower heads in a branching array.

15: under plate 1293. 1830. Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution maps, species of Triteleia They are perennial plants growing from a fibrous corm, roughly spherical in shape. They get their name from the fact that all parts of their flowers come in threes.

E. solani is parasitized by the wasp Pseudomethoca bethae and E. fulvofasciata is host to at least two species of Timulla.Aranda, R. and G. Graciolli. (2013). First report of Exomalopsis fulvofasciata (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae) as host of two Timulla species (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Biota Neotropica 13(4) 382-38.

Wu, X. C. and Sues, H. D. (1995) Protosuchia (Archosauria: Crocodyliformes) from China. In: Sun, A. and Yuanqing, W. (eds.) Sixth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota, Short Papers. Beijing. China Ocean Press, 57-62. Thus it can only be regarded as a poorly known protosuchian.

It is also called "princess tree" for the same reason.Rush Industries, 2000. Paulownia trees produce as many as 20 million tiny seeds per year. However, the seeds are very susceptible to soil biota and only colonize well on sterile soils (such as after a high temperature wildfire).

Calcareous grassland is at risk of overgrowth by scrub and rank grass, which inhibits specialised vegetation. Light annual grazing and trampling by livestock is recommended, to promote a variety of vegetation, without overgrazing. A small amount of scrub can be permitted for nesting birds and other biota.

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map It grows in moist habitat types such as wetlands, as well as dry and upland habitat. It can be found in meadows, marshes, mudflats, riverbanks, floodplains, levees, and lowland and upland forests. It is invasive in some areas.

The age of the Chengjiang Lagerstätte is locally termed Qiongzhusian, a stage correlated to the late Atdabanian Stage in Siberian sequences of the middle of the Early Cambrian. The shales date to ≤. The shales also contain the slightly younger Guanshan biota from Malong District in Yunnan.

Capped herons are strongly territorial; the same bird may be seen at a foraging site for weeks at a time.Heckman, C. W. (2013). The Pantanal of Poconé: biota and ecology in the northern section of the world’s largest pristine wetland (Vol. 77). Springer Science & Business Media.

4: 106. 1849.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapCalflora taxon report, University of California, Baileya multiradiata Harv. & A. Gray ex A. Gray. desert marigold Although called a desert marigold, it is only a remote relative of the true marigolds of the genus Tagetes.

This is a serpentine endemic,Marsili, S., et al. (2009). Ecological studies on the serpentine endemic plant Cerastium utriense Barberis. Northeastern Naturalist 16, Special Issue 5: "Soil and Biota of Serpentine: A World View." Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Serpentine Ecology, 2009. 405-21.

It was the first to be described exclusively in the range of deep-sea hydrothermic vents.Hernández-Flores, R., McLelland, J. & Suárez-Morales, E. (2009). Planktonic Chaetognatha of the Gulf of Mexico. In: Felder, D. L. & Camp, D. K. (eds.), Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota (vol.

Hortus Regius Botanicus Berolinensis 1: 136Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 244 水茅属 shui mao shu Scolochloa Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 136. 1827. Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution mapGrassbase - The World Online Grass FloraGBIF entryCabi, E. & M. Doğan. 2012. Poaceae. 690–756.

Species of Lilium currently accepted, with approximate native ranges, include:Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families . accessed April 2015.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapsFlora of China Vol. 24 Page 135 百合属 bai he shu Lilium Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 302. 1753.

Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution mapGreat Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains i–vii, 1–1392. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence. This spiny, weedy plant grows in clumps of many erect stems which may reach over a meter in height.

A member of the Francevillian biota. Maximum fossil diameter= 12 cm The fossil organisms are up to 17 cm in size. Their bodies were flattened disks with a characteristic morphology, including circular and elongated individuals. A spherical to ellipsoidal central body is bounded by radial structures.

Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution mapBrako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. (eds.) 1993. Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in systematic botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i–xl, 1–1286.Davidse, G., M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater. 1994.

Other biota found in the Phantom Lake Spring include the snails Pyrgulopsis texana and Lyrodes cheatumi. The absence of Hyalella azteca may have allowed speciation to take place in the genus Gammarus, with one species entering the vacant niche, and reducing in size to become G. hyalelloides.

Rubus perspicuus is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It has been found only in Michigan and Wisconsin in the north- central United States. Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1947. Flora of Kalamazoo County, Michigan.

Biota Neotrop. 14(1). The Parnaíba River rises in the Chapada das Mangabeiras range, and flows northeastward to empty into the Atlantic Ocean, being the longest river entirely located within Brazil's Northeast Region. The middle and upper regions of this river are separated by waterfalls, but is otherwise navigable.

As there is no new supply of organic material from sewage, the activated sludge biota begin to die and are used as food by saprotrophic bacteria. This stage of the process is known as endogenous respiration and it is process that reduces the solid concentration in the sludge.

C. quadrilineata can be found in Atlantic waters, ranging from Campeche to Brazil and off the coast of the Virgin Islands.;Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 666.

G. rugirima can be found in Atlantic waters, ranging from the eastern coast of Florida south to Brazil and surrounding Bermuda.;Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 666.

T. trilineata can be found in Atlantic and Caribbean waters, ranging from the Campeche Bank to Colombia and the Virgin Islands.;Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 667.

Oral streptococci have both harmless and harmful bacteria. However, under special conditions commensal streptococci can become opportunistic pathogens, initiating disease and damaging the host. Imbalances in the microbial biota can initiate oral diseases. Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogenic yeast that can be found within the oral cavity.

Lighter secondary disc harrows are primarily used to break down soil clods into smaller pieces. By so doing, water penetrates more easily into the soil, soil aeration is increased, and the activity of soil biota is enhanced; the final result is a seed bed that is suitable for planting.

A systematic study of the genus Astranthium (Compositae, Astereae). Publications of the Museum of Michigan State University, Biological Series 2: 429–528. Astranthium is native to the United States and Mexico.Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution mapsLarsen, Esther Louise. 1933.

Two distinct fossil assemblages are found in the second member. The older Luoping biota preserves abundant arthropods along with fossils from other invertebrates and vertebrates, which are rare but well-preserved. The slightly younger Panxian fauna has a more diverse and common assortment of marine reptiles such as sauropterygians.

Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps These plants grow from perennial corms that produce a raceme or umbel-like inflorescence. The flowers are bell- or tube-shaped and produce capsules with black seeds. The name, from the Greek for "toothed crown", refers to the stamen appendages.

Debelius, H. & Kuiter, R.H. (2007) Nudibranchs of the world. ConchBooks, Frankfurt, 360 pp. page(s): 112Rosenberg, G., F. Moretzsohn, and E. F. García. 2009. Gastropoda (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 579–699 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity.

Aletris obovata (southern colicroot or white colic-root) is a plant species native to the southeastern United States (Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, and Georgia).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map ImageGovaerts, R., Wilkin, P. & Saunders, R.M.K. (2007). World Checklist of Dioscoreales. Yams and their allies: 1-65.

Ji and colleagues suggested in 2008 that the Qiaotou Member correlates with the Dawangzhangzi beds of the Yixian Formation, dated to approximately 122 million years ago by Zhou Zhonghe in 2006.Zhou, Z. (2006). "Evolutionary radiation of the Jehol Biota: chronological and ecological perspectives." Geological Journal, 41: 377–393.

There is no land above water. The park protects a valuable biological refuge with a fragile ecology that supports a diverse population of marine species. The waters are warm, with temperatures varying from . The rocky outcrops support a rich benthic biota, providing food and shelter to many marine species.

Sediments and soils require specialist sampling tools to ensure that the material recovered is representative. Such samplers are frequently designed to recover a specified volume of material and may also be designed to recover the sediment or soil living biota as well such as the Ekman grab sampler.

Kathleen E. Carpenter (1891–1970) was a British freshwater ecologist. She is best known for her early studies of the effects of metal pollution on Welsh rivers and their biota, as well as her book Life in Inland Waters, the first textbook in English wholly devoted to freshwater ecology.

T. ananas is diurnally active, meaning they're active during the day. T. ananas plays an important role in coral reef ecosystems by recycling nutrients, bioturbating sediments, buffering sea water from ocean acidification to local scales, prey to a range of predators, and acting as a host for symbiotic biota.

Nye, J. (2010). Climate change and its effects on ecosystems, habitats and biota. (pp. 1-17). Maine: The Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment. Fish catch of the global ocean is expected to decline by 6 percent by 2100 and by 11 percent in tropical zones.

Organisms from the lower Cambrian, such as Thaumaptilon, were once thought to be Ediacarans, but this hypothesis no longer has many adherents. One possible Ediacaran survivor whose status is still open to scrutiny is Ediacaria booleyi, a purported holdfast structure known from the upper Cambrian. If this does turn out to be a true Ediacaran, the biota cannot have disappeared completely. Disbelievers have claimed that the fossils don't actually have a biological origin, which doesn't seem to be the case—evidence is mounting to suggest that it is an organism (or at least of biological origin, perhaps a microbial colony),See Ediacaria just not one that is related to the Ediacara biota.

The ARWG also notes that it is not necessarily the volume of water that is important to the Omo River and Turkana ecosystems, but that the seasonality and timing of the water flow is crucial, because certain biota are adapted to feeding, reproducing, growing, etc. in response to seasonal changes in water flow. Artificially releasing water from the Gibe III dam into the Omo River will not be sufficient to meet the needs of these biota. Additionally, the ARWG states that there is "no precedent of successful and sustained implementation" of an artificial flood simulation program in sub-Saharan Africa, so it is not guaranteed that such a program will be maintained at the Gibe III dam.

Malaxis unifolia in southern Cumberlands Malaxis unifolia, or the green adder's-mouth orchid, is a species of orchid occurring from eastern and central Canada (Newfoundland to Manitoba),Biota of North America Program, 2014 state-level distribution map the central and eastern United States (Maine to Florida, west as far as Minnesota, eastern Kansas, and eastern Texas),Biota of North America Program, 2014 county distribution map Mexico,SEINet, Southwestern biodiversity, Arizona chapter Central America and the Greater Antilles (Cuba, Jamaica, Dominican Republic).Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant FamiliesFlora of North America, Malaxis unifoliaAmes, O. & D. S. Correll. 1952. Orchids of Guatemala. Fieldiana, Botany 26(1): i–xiii, 1–395 Malaxis unifolia generally has only one leaf, but rarely two.

The third recognized mechanism for tufa development is the active role played by the biota. Algae and mosses, along with higher plants and some insects, often trap tiny particles within their sinuous roots, fronds, and shelter/feeding structures, acting as nucleation points for further precipitation. This may explain some of the deposition locations, but the biota plays a larger role as photosynthetic plants remove CO2 from the water, further concentrating the Ca2+ and CO32− and driving precipitation. The Portneuf through this reach is rich in plant life not only due to the nutrient accumulation as it travels through farmland but from the warm water inputs that protect the stream from the effects of the harsh cold of winter temperatures.

Boxelder bug, discovered by Say at Engineer Cantonment The scientific party's eight-month stay at Engineer Cantonment produced what has been called "the first biodiversity inventory undertaken in the United States". Expeditions such as Lewis and Clark's, while investigating the biota of the regions through which they passed, had only spent a short time in any one location. This was the case with Long's expedition in the second half of 1820: the need to cover distance quickly precluded the thorough investigation of any one locale. By contrast, the long stay at Engineer Cantonment allowed the party to study the local biota in detail, and to try to produce a complete inventory of the plants and animals of the area.

The most distinctive feature of the Milwaukee Formation is the diversity of its biota, as measured by the total number of species. The most species-rich group of the Milwaukee Formation’s biota is the Brachiopoda, having around 46 named species and sub-species, followed by the Bivalvia, which has around 43. Those plus species and sub-species from the following groups of marine and terrestrial organisms comprise a total of approximately 250 species: agglutinated foraminifers, conulariids, rugose corals, tabulate corals, tentaculitids, microconchids, cornulitids, hyoliths, gastropods, rostroconches, nautiloids, actinoceratoids, ammonoids, polychaetes, phacopid trilobites, proetid trilobites, ostracods, phyllocarids, crinoids, blastoids, edrioasteroids, dendroid graptolites, conodonts, arthrodire placoderms, ptyctodont placoderms, rhenaniform placoderms, petalichthyiform placoderms, chondrichthyans, acanthodians, sarcopterygians, fungi, cladoxylopsids, and lycopods.

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map This species is a perennial herb or subshrub growing up to 40 centimeters or more in height. The leaves are mostly linear. Some are divided into lobes which are linear. They vary in length, measuring up to a few centimeters long.

Biota of North America Program This species is a weed of rice fields in many areas, including New South Wales and California. In England and Wales it is occasionally locally found, in Ireland it is rare, and Scotland it is very rare. It is found in mud and in fresh waters.

C. fargoi can be found in Atlantic waters, ranging from the coast of North Carolina south to Florida, the Bahamas, Colombia and Brazil.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 666.

B. bandella can be found in Atlantic waters, ranging from the Gulf of Maine, the eastern coast of Florida south to the Lesser Antilles.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 666.

B. barbarae can be found in Atlantic waters, ranging from the coast of North Carolina south to Brazil, and in the Gulf of Mexico.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 666.

G. epicasta can be found in the Caribbean Sea, along Colombia and Puerto Rico, in the Gulf of Mexico along Louisiana and in the Atlantic Ocean along Brazil.Felder, Darryl L. & Sylvia A. Earle. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 663.

I. cymella can be found in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean waters, ranging from the western coast of Florida to Barbados.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 666.

Restoration of Alacaris, with anterior of Chengjiangocaris bottom right. Fuxianhuiida is an extinct clade of arthropods from the Cambrian of China. All currently known species are from Cambrian Series 2 aged deposits in Yunnan Province, including the Chenjiang biota. They are generally considered to be close to the base of Euarthropoda.

Omnidens is a member of the Chengjiang Biota of China, which dates to approximately 520 Ma, during Cambrian Stage 3. Omnidens-like mouthparts have also been found in the slightly younger Xiaoshiba Lagerstätte. Pambdelurion, which has mouthparts nearly identical to those of Omnidens, is from the Sirius Passet Lagerstätte of Greenland.

Dunedin Academic Press, London, pp.131-167. It includes fossils from the Tiaojishan Formation, Lanqi Formation, Jiulongshan Formation and Haifanggou Formation. This spans approximately 199 to 146 million years ago. Like the Jehol Biota, these deposits are composed of alternating layers of volcanic tuff and sediment, and are considered Lagerstätte.

Chengjiangaspis chengjiangensis is an extinct redlichiid trilobite that lived during the early part of the Botomian stage, of the Early Cambrian which lasted from approximately 524 to 518.5 million years ago. It is a rare fossil found in strata just above the Maotianshan Shale, where the Chengjiang Biota are found.

Mist covering the boating in Kodaikanal Lake. The Lake has moderate to dense growth of macrophytes of all types. The littoral zone of the lake is reported to be rich in periphytic biota associated with macrophytes. Diatoms, protozoans and rotifers which are also associated with macrophytes are found in the lake.

Harding has published over 110 research articles. She has served on the editorial boards of Medicinal Chemistry and Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry. She received the Royal Australian Chemical Institute (RACI) Rennie (1993) and Biota (1995) medals, and was an invited speaker for the RACI Nyholm Youth lecture series in 1999.

Biota of North America Program, 2014 state-level distribution mapFlora of North America, Ribes diacanthum Pallas 1776 Ribes diacanthum is a shrub up to 2 meters (80 inches) tall, dioecious (with male and female flowers on different plants). Flowers are yellow-green. Fruits are red, spherical, and reportedly good-tasting.

Legalisierung des Taxon Haldanodon (Mammalia, Docodonta). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie Monatshefte 1972:300-302Krusat, G. 1991 Functional morphology of Haldanodon exspectatus (Mammalia, Docodonta) from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal. Fifth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota. from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal, were specialised for a semi-aquatic lifestyle.

Named after the vernacular of the extinct flightless bird from Mauritius, the dodo (Raphus cucullatus). These two species once shared their habitat, the increasingly rare native forests in Mauritius. The specific name, a noun in apposition, is meant to increase awareness of the need for urgent conservation of the Mauritius biota.

Good (1947) floristic kingdoms Floristics is a study of the flora of some territory or area. Traditional phytogeography concerns itself largely with floristics and floristic classification, see floristic province. China has been a focus to botanist for its rich biota as it holds the record for the earliest known angiosperm megafossil.

Jianshania is genus of Cambrian arthropod known from the Chengjiang biota, containing the single species J. furfactus. It was described by Luo et al in 1999.Luo HL, Hu SX, Chen LZ, Zhang SS, Tao YH. Early Cambrian ChengjiangFauna From Kunming Region China. Kunming: Yunnan Science andTechnology Press [in Chinese]; 1999.

"On the horizon of Protopteryx and the early vertebrate fossil assemblages of the Jehol Biota." Chinese Science Bulletin, 53(18): 2820-2827. J. luanhera was described from a nearly complete fossil. The fossil seems not to have ever received a catalogue number, nor to have been accessioned by a museum.

A few Edicarian biota have been found in the state. A pair of Pteridinium were found in a creek in Stanly County (this fossil is now on display in the NC Museum of Natural Sciences). The disk-shaped Aspidella is also known from the state, as well as the strange Sekwia.

Biota of North America Program, 2014 county distribution map Baccharis glomeruliflora is a shrub up to 300 cm (10 feet) tall. It has thick, leathery, evergreen leaves with large teeth, and flower heads clumped together in the axils of the leaves. It grows in swamps, hammocks, riverbanks, and other wet habitats.

Methanosphaera stadtmaniae is a methanogen archaeon. It is a non-motile, Gram- positive, spherical-shaped organism that obtains energy by using hydrogen to reduce methanol to methane. It does not possess cytochromes and is part of the large intestine's biota. This species is often referred to as Methanosphaera stadtmanae, apparently erroneously.

36–37Tropicos, Gymnosperma Less.Flora of North America, Gymnosperma Lessing, 1832. The only known species is Gymnosperma glutinosum, native to Mexico, Guatemala, and the southwestern United States (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas).Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution mapDavidse, G., M. Sousa-Peña, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera. 2015. Asteraceae.

Biota Neotropica 4(2) 1-4. Despite their general preference for close association with other fish, some Haemulon spp. can be territorial and display aggressive behaviors. Larger individuals are more likely to act aggressively, and this behavior is more common at certain times of the day, such as early morning.

Espejo-Serna, A., López-Ferrari, A.R., Martínez-Correa, N. & Pulido- Esparza, V.A. (2007). Bromeliad flora of Oaxaca, Mexico: richness and distribution. Acta Botanica Mexicana 81: 71-147. Instituto de Ecología A.C..Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution map The name honours William Bartram (1739 – 1823), an early Florida naturalist.

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Geum geniculatum is a perennial herb growing 50 to 70 centimeters (20-28 inches) tall. The three-parted leaves are 1 to 1.5 centimeters (0.4-0.6 inches) long. The clustered flowers have white, pinkish, or greenishGeum geniculatum. Center for Plant Conservation. petals.

Ceramics and tools such as axes have been found in archaeological sites. The region is threatened by the advance of soy plantations and logging, and by the planned construction of two hydroelectric plants on the upper Aripuanã in Mato Grosso, which would have a profound impact on the biota and landscape.

Velumbrella is a medusoid organism with tentacles known from the Middle Cambrian of Poland, and perhaps related to Rotadiscus; the fossils depict a scleritosed disk with a U-shaped gut. It was originally related to members of the Ediacara biota but is now thought to be related to the paropsonemids.

Collections have also been made from Massachusetts, Maine, Maryland, Missouri, Rhode Island, although it appears to be introduced to those regions.Flora of North America, Cosmos parviflorus (Jacquin) Persoon, Syn. Pl. 2: 477. 1807. Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map It is widespread in Mexico from Chihuahua to Oaxaca.

Restoration Additional specimens Guangweicaris is an extinct genus of fuxianhuiid arthropod known from the Cambrian period. It is only known from the type species Guangweicaris spinatus, which is known from the Cambrian Stage 4 Guanshan Biota near Kunming. It is currently the latest known fuxianhuiid. It was first described in 2007,H.-L.

C. adamsii can be found in Atlantic waters, the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, ranging from the coast of Texas south to Brazil.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 666.

K. limonitella can be found in the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, ranging from the North Carolina seaboard along the coast to Texas.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 666.

G. bairdii can be found off the North American coast, ranging from New Jersey south to Florida, between depths of 1061 m and 4062 m.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 668.

T. floridana can be found in the Gulf of Mexico, ranging from the coast of Texas south to Venezuela, as well as the eastern Pacific Ocean.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 667.

26 Page 86 Zigadenus nuttallii (A. Gray) S. Watson, Botany (Fortieth Parallel). 343. 1871. Nuttall’s death camas Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapUnited States Department of Agriculture plants profile, Zigadenus nuttallii (A. Gray) S. Watson Nuttall's deathcamas Toxicoscordion nuttallii is a bulb-forming herb up to 75 cm tall.

Tetraneuris acaulis is widespread across much of the western and central United States, west-central Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan) and northern Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Zacatecas).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map It grows in a variety of habitat types in foothills and subalpine regions, and high prairie, badlands, and plains.

Evans, S., Barrett, P., Hilton, J., Butler R.J., Jones, M.E.H., Liang, M-.M., Parrish, J.C., Rayfield, E.J., Sigogneau-Russell, D., and Underwood, C.J. 2005. The Middle Jurassic vertebrate assemblage of Skye, Scotland. 36-39. In P. Barrett and S. Evans (eds). Proceedings of the Ninth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota.

Biota Colombiana 9: 143–237. Since then several new species have been described from the basin such as five Hemibrycon in 2013,Román-Valencia; Ruiz; Taphorn; Mancera- Rodriguez; and García-Alzate (2013). Three new species of Hemibrycon (Characiformes: Characidae) from the Magdalena River Basin, Colombia. Rev Biol Trop. 61(3): 1365–1387.

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map This shrub grows up to two meters (80 inches) tall. The plant spreads via rhizome, sprouting up new stems to form colonies. The leaves are up to 6 centimeters (2.4 inches) long by 3 cm (1.2 inches) wide. They are hairy and glandular.

Palaeopascichnus is an Ediacaran fossil comprising a series of lobes, first originating before the Gaskiers glaciation; it is plausibly a protozoan, but probably unrelated to the classical 'Ediacaran biota'. Once thought to represent a trace fossil, it is now recognized as a body fossil and corresponds to the skeleton of an agglutinating organism.

Cuspirostrisornis is a genus of enantiornithean bird. Only one species is known, Cuspirostrisornis houi, though some researchers believe this to be a synonym of the similar species Cathayornis yandica.Zhou Z. and Wang Y. (2010). "Vertebrate diversity of the Jehol Biota as compared with other lagerstätten." Science China: Earth Sciences, 53(12): 1894–1907.

2: 150. 1817. Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map It is an annual spikesedge growing to a maximum height of about 40 centimeters. It has a few straw-colored leaves and many thin erect stems. The stems hold inflorescences of rounded spikelets each containing at least 10 tiny flowers.

Phytologia Memoirs 16: 1–100. and the southwestern United States (Arizona, southern Nevada, southern Utah).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Gaillardia arizonica grows in sandy washes and alluvial deposits in desert regions. It is an annual herb, growing up to tall, and with leaves mostly crowding around its base.

Microdocodon is an especially small early mammal, thought to have been a shrew-like insectivore weighing about 9 grams. It was probably capable of climbing and living in trees. Microdocodon lived at the same time as semiaquatic Castorocauda, the subterranean mammaliaform Docofossor, and the arboreal Agilodocodon, all known from the Yanliao Biota.

Vendoconularia is a genus of Ediacaran organism consisting of a hexagonal cone, which is thought to have housed a tentaculate organism. Three longitudinal bands are interspersed between the six sides of the cone. The discovery of vendoconulariids in Proterozoic strata of Russia confirmed a 1987 prediction that conulariids constituted part of Ediacaran biota.

Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map These plants are perennial herbs with stolons. The stems are prostrate or upright and bear leaf blades on long petioles. The inflorescences arising from the leaf axils have two to many flowers. The tubular corolla has two lobed lips, and is generally blue-violet.

The flora and fauna of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Flora is the plant life occurring in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring or indigenous—native plant life. The corresponding term for animal life is fauna. Flora, fauna and other forms of life such as fungi are collectively referred to as biota.

The Bourbince flows northward through the commune and crosses the town. Exceptional preservation of Late Carboniferous fossil biota characterizes a Lagerstätte at Montceau-les-Mines.See, for example ; the site is discussed by Vincent Perrier and Sylvain Charbonnierby in "The Montceau- les-Mines lagerstätte (Late Carboniferous, France)", Comptes Rendus Palevol, 13.5:353-367.

It is considered the best modern example of the biota of Gondwanaland and is therefore of global significance. There is a high degree of geodiversity and biodiversity and the habitats are largely unmodified. And finally, there is an extensive range of New Zealand's unusual flora and fauna, which demonstrate its evolutionary isolation.

Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2001. p. 20. and one fossil species, P. megapuncta from the Cenomanian aged Burmese amber. Species previously assigned to the genus from the Yixian Formation of China; ; 2006: First record of fossil Priacma (Coleoptera: Archostemata: Cupedidae) from the Jehol Biota of western Liaoning, China. Zootaxa, 1326: 55-68.

Unlike some other land trust properties, the primary purpose of KNS is to provide a sanctuary for wild nature. Hence, recreational activities are not actively encouraged, and no facilities are yet provided for guests. Visitors are regularly accommodated, particularly those interested in furthering knowledge of the biota, but prior permission is required.

Paleocadmus is a genus of radula known only from the Mazon Creek biota. It is only known from isolated fossils around a centimetre in length, and a few mm wide (in one instance associated with a possible beak), but its morphology aligns it with the nautiloids, or perhaps the bactritoids or belemnoids.

A third specimen was referred: IVPP V14322, a fragmentary skeleton. All three are in the collection of the IVPP in Beijing, China. However, Sinovenator fossils appear to be common in the Lujiatun Beds. In a 2006 survey of the Jehol Biota, Xu and Norell reported that hundreds of undescribed specimens are known.

Rubus ortivus is uncommon North American species of brambles in the rose family. It grows in the northeastern United States (Maine) and eastern Canada (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1934. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 3(5): 254, f.

It was also considered to be only slightly younger than Archaeopteryx – the Yixian Formation, the rock unit where most Confuciusornis specimens have been found, was thought to be of Late Jurassic (Tithonian) age at the time. Although two bird genera, Sinornis and Cathayornis, had already described from the Jehol biota in 1992, these were only based on fragmentary remains and stem from the younger Jiufotang Formation, which was considered to be of Early Cretaceous age. Later, both formations have been dated to the Lower Cretaceous (Barremian to Aptian stages, 131–120 million years ago). In 1995, local farmers began digging for fossils near the village of Sihetun, Beipiao, in what would become one of the most productive localities of the Jehol biota.

Dickinsonia costata, an Ediacaran organism of unknown affinity, with a quilted appearance At the start of the Ediacaran period, much of the acritarch fauna, which had remained relatively unchanged for hundreds of millions of years, became extinct, to be replaced with a range of new, larger species, which would prove far more ephemeral. This radiation, the first in the fossil record, is followed soon after by an array of unfamiliar, large, fossils dubbed the Ediacara biota, which flourished for 40 million years until the start of the Cambrian. Most of this "Ediacara biota" were at least a few centimeters long, significantly larger than any earlier fossils. The organisms form three distinct assemblages, increasing in size and complexity as time progressed.

K. atrostyla can be found in the Atlantic Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, ranging from the coast of North Carolina south to Quintana Roo.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 666.

G. quadrata can be found in Atlantic waters, ranging from the eastern coast of Florida and the Gulf of Mexico, south to Brazil, and also surrounding Bermuda.;Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 666.

Land labs are often marked out in plots or transects for studies. A plot may be any size, usually marked out in square meters. This allows for more intensive, delimited studies of changes and inventories of biota. Transects are straight lines at which, at intervals, measurements are taken for a profile of the ecological community.

E. limacina can be found in Atlantic waters, ranging from the coast of New Jersey south to Brazil at depths between 155 m to 1472 m<.ref>Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 668.

Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota: Volume 3, Geology (Vol. 3). College Station, Texas, Texas A&M; University Press. . The sediments that fill the Orca Basin contain an important record of the paleoenvironment and paleo-oceanology of the Louisiana continental slope south of the Mississippi River Delta for at least the last 25,000 years.

Basin Geometry and Architecture of a Tethyan Passive Margin, Southern Alps, Italy: Implications for Rifting Mechanisms: Chapter 13: African and Mediterranean Margins. It is known due to the exquisite preservation observed on the Outcrop on Osteno, where several kinds of marine biota have been recovered.Pinna, G. (1985). Exceptional preservation in the Jurassic of Osteno.

Among the fossils, perhaps the most spectacular are the eurypterids, an extinct form of scorpions. Some species lived in fresh or brackish water, but Silurian examples were marine. The exceptionally preserved biota are present in a stratum of rock about 8 m thick, which extends for around 16 km in the South Bruce Peninsula, Ontario.

The Biological Reserve is a "strict nature reserve" under IUCN protected area category Ia. The purpose is to protect the biota without direct human interference other than actions needed to restore and preserve the natural balance, biological diversity and natural ecological processes. The critically endangered hawksbill sea turtle (eretmochelys imbricata) is protected in the reserve.

Marywadea is a genus of Ediacaran biota shaped like an oval with a central ridge. It is a bilaterian organism as evidenced by its symmetry, vaguely resembling a very primitive trilobite. The fossil has an asymmetrical first chamber of the quilt. It has transverse ridges away from the central axis that may be gonads.

It is found in the SE United States, including Louisiana, Mississippi Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, Tennessee, Kentucky and Illinois,Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution map as well as in the Caribbean Islands, Mexico (from Tamaulipas to Quintana Roo), Central America and South America, including Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Guianas and northern Brazil.

There is no convincing fossil record of the placozoa, although the Ediacaran biota (Precambrian, ) organism Dickinsonia may be allied with this phylum. Traditionally, classification was based on their level of organization: i.e. they possess no tissues or organs. However this may be as a result of secondary loss, so is inadequate to demark a clade.

CONABIO, México D.F.. and also found in the southwestern United States (Arizona, New Mexico, western Texas).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Baccharis pteronioides is a shrub up to 100 cm (40 inches) tall, with thick, leathery leaves and many small flower heads. It grows in dry woodlands, grasslands, and canyons.

It is native to northeastern Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas) and to the southern part of the Great Plains of the United States (Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapGreat Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains i–vii, 1–1392. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence.

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapSEINet, Southwestern Biodiversity, Arizona chapter photos, distribution mapCalflora taxon report, University of California, Prunus fasciculata (Torrey) A. Gray, 1874. Desert almond Prunus fasciculata lives many years (is perennial), and drops its leaves (deciduous). It prefers sandy or rocky soil on dry slopes and washes, usually below elevation.

NDVI applied to the urban area during a drought at the end of winter 2017 In ecological terms it is diversified. The composition and species varies according to climatic, pedological and rock formation. The biota differs from region to region. One of the ecosystems found are of field vegetation similar to North American prairies.

New distribution records for Gamochaeta (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) in the United States. Sida 21(2): 1175–1185.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapFlora of China, Gamochaeta calviceps (Fernald) Cabrera, 1961. 直茎合冠鼠麴草 zhi jing he guan shu qu cao Gamochaeta calviceps is an annual herb up to tall.

Cunningham made pioneering studies in aerobiology. He made use of the aeroconiscope, Richard Leach Maddox (1816–1902) invented the aeroconiscope in 1870. a device with a vane that pointed a sampling cone towards the wind with a sticky slide placed behind a funnel. The sticky slide would then be examined for aerially dispersed biota.

Sub alpine lake New Zealand has two main ecosystems where cold and high winds limit biological activity. As the Southern Alps were uplifted relatively recently far from other mountain chains the New Zealand biota has quickly adapted to the new environment. Superficially New Zealand's sub-antarctic islands are similar to the sub alpine zone.

Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Hexalectris spicataFlora of North America v 26 p 604, Hexalectris spicata (Walter) Barnhart, Torreya. 4: 121. 1904. Biota of North America Program, county distribution map, Hexalectris spicata (including H. arizonica)Herkert, J.R. & Ebinger, J.E. (eds.) (2002). Endangered and Threatened Species of Illinois: status and distribution 1: 1-161.

Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution mapsTrelease, William. 1911. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 50(200) Some botanists have included the genus Beaucarnea in Nolina. In the APG III classification system, it is placed in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Nolinoideae (formerly the family Ruscaceae). Former alternative placements include Nolinaceae and Agavaceae.

Funisia is a genus containing the single species F. dorothea, a fossil upright worm-like animal from the Ediacaran biota discovered in Australia. Funisia stood about 0.3 metres tall. Source: University of California - Riverside via physorg.com Because individuals grew in dense collections of animals the same age, it is believed to have reproduced sexually.

Biology uses DNA sequences in a genetic code for proteins that in turn help to reproduce the DNA sequences. All cellular biota share these gene/protein cycles, a common DNA code, and complex proteins, membranes and adenosine triphosphate energy apparatus of cells. This complexity, and common roots, and a shared future, unite all life.

Calochortus lyallii is a bulb-producing perennial herb up to about 50 centimeters tall. Flowers are upright, bell-shaped, white to pale violet with darker markings on the petals.Flora of North America, Vol. 26 Page 130, Calochortus lyallii S. Watson Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map, Calochortus lyallii Baker, John Gilbert 1874.

The "Basin species", as the common name suggests, is only found in the basin of the Amazon River, in southern Suriname, southern Venezuela to Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Brazil and in the surrounding jungles of the Amazon River.Bernarde PS, Albuquerque S, Barros TO, Turci LCB (2012). "Serpentes do Estado de Rondônia, Brasil ". Biota neotrop.

The ecology of Novaya Zemlya is influenced by its severe climate, but the region nevertheless supports a diversity of biota. One of the most notable species present is the polar bear, whose population in the Barents Sea region is genetically distinct from other polar bear subpopulations.C. Michael Hogan (2008) Polar Bear: Ursus maritimus, Globaltwitcher.com, ed.

Outline of the history of arctic and boreal biota during the Quaternary Period. New York: Lehre J. Cramer. The American arctic geologist David Hopkins redefined Beringia to include portions of Alaska and Northeast Asia. Beringia was later regarded as extending from the Verkhoyansk Mountains in the west to the Mackenzie River in the east.

It can turn sewage into air and water through microbial action. NASA plans to use it in the manned Mars mission. Another method is NASA's urine-to-water distillation system. A big disadvantage of complex biological sewage treatment systems is that if the house is empty, the sewage system biota may starve to death.

The chemistry of water flowing into wetlands depends on the source of water and the geological material in which it flows through as well as the nutrients discharged from organic matter in the soils and plants at higher elevations in slope wetlands. Biota may vary within a wetland due to season or recent flood regimes.

20 Page 190, Resinbush, Chrysothamnus stylosus (Eastwood) Urbatsch, R. P. Roberts & Neubig, Sida. 21: 1627. 2005. Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map Chrysothamnus stylosus is a shrub up to 120 cm (48 inches) tall with bark that tends to turn gray and flaky when it gets old. Flower heads are yellow.

The plant is native to western North America, found in British Columbia (Canada); California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington (Western U.S.); and Baja California state (Mexico).Biota of North America Program 2014: Rubus ursinus by U.S. county distribution mapCalflora taxon report, University of California; Rubus ursinus Cham. & Schldl.; (California blackberry, Pacific blackberry) Rubus ursinus berries.

Essexella is an extinct genus of scyphozoan jellyfish known from Late Carboniferous fossils containing the species Essexella asherae. See list of prehistoric medusozoans. It is one of the most recurrent organisms in the Mazon Creek fossil beds of Illinois. In the Essex biota of Mazon Creek, it consists of 42% of all fossil finds.

Cirsium turneri is a North American species of plants in the thistle tribe within the sunflower family. Common names include cliff thistle. The species grows in crevices in limestone cliffs in northern Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila) and western Texas (Brewster, Terrell, Val Verde Counties).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapWarnock, Barton Holland 1960.

Dickinsonia costata is one of the enigmatic fossils, possibly an early animal, in the Precambrian Ediacaran biota. The Avalon explosion, named from the Precambrian fauna of the Avalon Peninsula, is a proposed evolutionary radiation in the history of the Animalia, about 575 million years ago, some 33 million years earlier than the Cambrian explosion.

Cold seep biota below typically exhibit much greater systematic specialization and reliance on chemoautotrophy than those from shelf depths. Deep-sea seeps sediments are highly heterogeneous. They sustain different geochemical and microbial processes that are reflected in a complex mosaic of habitats inhabited by a mixture of specialist (heterotrophic and symbiont-associated) and background fauna.

A fifth species Cretophasmomima melanogramma was described in 2014 off the basis of three specimens from the Aptian Yixian Formation in China.Maomin Wang; Olivier Béthoux; Sven Bradler; Frédéric M. B. Jacques; Yingying Cui; Dong Ren (2014). "Under Cover at Pre-Angiosperm Times: A Cloaked Phasmatodean Insect from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota". PLOS One.

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Polygonum glaucum is a branching herb up to tall. It appears silvery of bluish-green because of wax covering the leaves and stem. Flowers are pink or white, produced in groups of 1–3. It grows on beaches, sand dunes, and the edges of coastal marshes.

Rubus severus is an uncommon North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is found in eastern Canada (Nova Scotia) and the northeastern and north-central United States (Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Rhode Island).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapFernald, Merritt Lyndon 1931. A new blackberry from New Hampshire.

Rubus hypolasius is an uncommon North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It grows in the east-central United States (New Jersey, Virginia).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1947. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 7(3): 275, 278, figure 101Merritt Lyndon. 1947.

B. macra can be found in European waters, the Mediterranean Sea, the Atlantic Ocean off the Azores and in Caribbean waters, ranging from the western coast of Florida south to Brazil.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 666.

I. parkeri can be found in the Atlantic Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean waters, ranging from the coast of North Carolina south to Colombia and surrounding Puerto Rico.Tunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 666.

Astroecology concerns the interactions of biota with space environments. It studies resources for life on planets, asteroids and comets, around various stars, in galaxies, and in the universe. The results allow estimating the future prospects for life, from planetary to galactic and cosmological scales. Available energy, and microgravity, radiation, pressure and temperature are physical factors that affect astroecology.

"Ecosystem services are the suite of benefits that ecosystems provide to humanity." The natural species, or biota, are the caretakers of all ecosystems. It is as if the natural world is an enormous bank account of capital assets capable of paying life sustaining dividends indefinitely, but only if the capital is maintained.Wright, Richard T., and Bernard J. Nebel.

The Essex fauna includes jellyfish, sea worms, snails, saltwater clams, shrimp, sea scorpions, cephalopods and fish. The most common species found is the Essexella jellyfish. It consists of 42% of all fossil finds in the Essex biota. The Essex area also includes the most famous faunal member of the Illinois' state fossil Tullimonstrum, known popularly as the "Tully Monster".

Li, Quanguo, Gao, Ke-qin (2007). "Lower Cretaceous vertebrate fauna from the Sinuiju basin, North Korea as evidence of geographic extension of the Jehol Biota into the Korean Peninsula". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27, supplement to number (3). pp.106A. The ecosystem in the Lower Cretaceous was dominated by wetlands and numerous lakes (not rivers, deltas, or marine habitats).

The preservation of the Sirius Passet is not typical of a Burgess Shale type, but rather represents silicification associated with a death mask, recalling the 'Ediacara-type' preservation of the Precambrian Ediacara biota. Geochemical analysis indicates that the fossils lived close to the boundary of an oxygen minimum zone, possibly being preserved in oxygen- starved periods.

Xyris brevifolia, the shortleaf yelloweyed grass, is a North American species of flowering plant in the yellow-eyed-grass family. It is native to Brazil, the West Indies, and the southeastern United States (Florida, Alabama, Georgia, and the Carolinas).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapMalme, G. O. K. 1925. Xyridaceen der Insel Cuba.

Nassella leucotricha is a species of grass known by the common names Texas wintergrass, Texas needlegrass, and Texas tussockgrass. It is native to the south-central United States (Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi)Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map and much of Mexico (from Tamaulipas and Baja California south to Chiapas).Nassella leucotricha. Grass Manual Treatment.

Glaphurochiton is a genus of fossil chitons known from the Mazon Creek biota. Remarkably, it contains an intact radula, which with 17 teeth per row and over 100 rows is almost identical to the radula of modern chitons (even though the crown group emerged in the Mesozoic). The radula extends from the first to third shell plates.

The faunal lists below are based on a survey of the Huajiying Formation by Jin Fan and colleagues in 2008, unless otherwise noted.Jin, F., Zhang, F.C., Li, Z.H., Zhang, J.Y., Li, C. and Zhou, Z.H. (2008). "On the horizon of Protopteryx and the early vertebrate fossil assemblages of the Jehol Biota." Chinese Science Bulletin, 53(18): 2820-2827.

For more information, see Ediacaran biota. The fossils found that date back to the Precambrian era lack distinct structures since there were no skeletal forms during this period. Skeletons did not arise until the Cambrian Period when oxygen levels increased. This is because skeletons require collagen, which uses Vitamin C as a cofactor, which requires oxygen.

The 2000 operations involved ten days in support of NSF requirements with the rest supporting state, Navy, Minerals Management Service (MMS), and other authorized federal and private projects. The MMS used Gyre as the research platform for The Deep Gulf of Mexico Benthos (DGoMB) project studying impact of oil and gas operations on the sea floor biota.

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Cirsium undulatum is widespread and found in many habitat types. It is a perennial herb exceeding in height. The stem branches a few times toward the top of the plant if at all. The leaves are very wavy along the edges and usually cut into shallow toothed lobes.

Additional uncatalogued LPV specimen was also referred to S. yunguiensis. These specimens all came from the Lagerstätte discovered during a 2007 geological mapping project with a diverse record of marine life called Luoping Biota, that yielded, apart from Sinosaurosphargis, various invertebrates, fish, basal ichthyosaurs, Atopodentatus, the basal saurosphargid Largocephalosaurus, and several species of eosauropterygian, including both pachypleurosaurs and nothosaurids.

"Vertebrate diversity of the Jehol Biota as compared with other lagerstätten." Science China: Earth Sciences, 53(12): 1894–1907. though this has yet to be supported by rigorous study. O'Connor and colleagues noted that Longchengornis sanyanensis, also synonymized with C. yandica by some authors, seems to show distinct anatomy not shared with at least that species of Cathayornis.

This is indebted to distinct biota histories and environmental differences.Veblen 2007, p. 217 The forest is divided into four regions; deciduous forest, Magellan forest, Valdivia forest and Del Pehuén. Rainfall is more plentiful in the Andean area than in other parts of Patagonia and there are several lakes, reservoirs and hydro-electric projects within the forested area.

Bidens heterodoxa, the Connecticut beggarticks, is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family. It is native to eastern Canada (Québec, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island) and the northeastern United States (Connecticut).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapFernald, Merritt Lyndon & St. John, Harold 1915. Rhodora 17(193): 23-24Fernald, Merritt Lyndon 1932.

Ecological topology is another theme of complex systems in biogeomorphology. This theme focuses on how the biota varies based on geographic location. This ecological topology is controlled by a concept called stability domain. Stability domain describes the interaction of a set species and certain abiotic factors that act as a medium to the function and structure of an environment.

Carphochaete bigelovii, common name Bigelow's bristlehead, is a species of North American flowering plants in the sunflower family. They are native to northern Mexico (Coahuila, Chihuahua, Durango, Sonora) and the southwestern United States (Arizona, New Mexico, western Texas).Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution mapGray, Asa. 1852. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge 3(5): 89Turner, B. L. 1997.

To ensure the water cycle management disciplines are satisfactory and improve the water cycle, environmental monitoring should be used to provide information and trends on the impact of the policies which are adopted in the water cycle management on ecosystems and sensitive biota; for example, monitoring the effects of reduced water flows on salmon spawning and recruitment.

It is native to the Great Plains of central North America (Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, United States (ND SD MN IA NE KS OK TX CO WY UT)).Flora of North America, Beaked skeleton-weed, Shinnersoseris Tomb, Sida. 5: 186, figs. 1–3. 1974. Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map It was formerly in the genus Lygodesmia.p.

La familia Apocynaceae (Apocynoideae, Rauvolfioideae) en Guatemala. Darwiniana 47(1): 140–184.Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map, Echites umbellatus ;Species Over 500 names have been published for species, subspecies, and varieties within Echites, but most have been relegated to synonymy or moved to other genera. The following are currently accepted # Echites agglutinatus Jacq.

Grindelia scabra, the rough gumweed, is a rare North American species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It has been found in northern Mexico (Coahuila) and the southwestern United States (western Texas and southern New Mexico).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapNesom, G.L. 1990. Studies in the systematics of Mexican and Texan Grindelia (Asteraceae: Astereae.

Using an aquatic herbicide Wide field margins can reduce fertilizer and pesticide pollution in streams and rivers Fish and other aquatic biota may be harmed by pesticide-contaminated water.Helfrich, LA, Weigmann, DL, Hipkins, P, and Stinson, ER (June 1996), Pesticides and aquatic animals: A guide to reducing impacts on aquatic systems . Virginia Cooperative Extension. Retrieved on 2007-10-14.

Biota Neotropica, vol.13 no.3 Campinas July/Sept. 2013 Epub 2013: Distribution and biological aspects of the introduced species Moina macrocopa (Straus, 1820) (Crustacea, Cladocera) in the semi-arid central region of Argentina An example of such an extreme habitat is the highly saline Makgadikgadi Pans of Botswana, which supports the species Moina belli prolifically.

The ocean off shore is protected as the Asilomar State Marine Reserve, part of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. The rocky coves are home to thousands of species, some of which are unique to the bay. As a sanctuary, it is illegal to disturb biota, i.e., collection and removal of shells and/or live specimens.

Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution mapFernald, Merritt Lyndon 1928. The North American and East Asian Beckmannia. Rhodora 30(350):24- 27 Beckmannia syzigachne is one of only two species in the genus Beckmannia; the other being Beckmannia eruciformis. United States Department of Agriculture NRCS Plant Fact Sheet for B. syzigachne Retrieved 2010-03-07.

If it is, it would be the earliest known fossil of an adult animal; and its anatomy is consistent with that expected from the earliest animals. However, it is not perfectly clear that it is an animal; algae, the dominant constituent of the Doushantuo biota, cannot be ruled out, except that Eoandromeda seems a little too complex.

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Erigeron velutipes grows in moist locations near springs. It is an annual herb up to 20 centimeters (8 inches) tall, producing a taproot. The inflorescence is made up of 1-3 flower heads per stem. Each head contains 50–75; white or blue ray florets surrounding numerous yellow disc florets.

Protopteryx was discovered in the Sichakou Member of the Hebei province, west of the Liaoning province.Jin, F.; Zhang, F.C.; Li, Z.H.; Zhang, J.Y.; Li, C.; Zhou, Z.H. (2008). "On the horizon of Protopteryx and the early vertebrate fossil assemblages of the Jehol Biota". Chinese Science Bulletin 53 (18): 2820–2827. doi:10.1007/s11434-008-0209-5.

The average amount of Hg in the Mersey was found to be 2 mg/kg with the highest amounts of 5 mg/kg occurring below the surface at concentrations harmful to sediment dwelling biota. The vertical rise and fall in Hg pollution observed at four Mersey salt marshes indicated a decline in metal pollution since the 1980s.

It was their position that it was also necessary to preserve endemic species of local biota, and to maintain the area around Lake Baikal as a recreation zone.Sobisevich A. V., Snytko V. A. Some aspects of nature protection in the scientific heritage of academician Innokentiy Gerasimov // Acta Geographica Silesiana. 2018. Vol. 29, # 1. P. 55–60.

Muraenosaurus was initially discovered in the Oxford Clay which represents an ancient sea that was both shallow, with an average depth less than 50 meters, and warm (20 °C).Martill DM. 1994. The trophic structure of the biota of the Peterborough Member, Oxford Clay Formation (Jurassic), UK. Journal of the Geological Society , 151, 1, 173-194.Martill DM. 1991.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, DC. Analytes addressed included nitrogen, reactive phosphate, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids and nine other parameters. Based upon use of the model, some decisions have been influenced to enhance riverine quality and aid the viability of associated biota. Impacts upon the receiving waters of Pyramid Lake were also analyzed.

Euchiton involucratus (common cudweed) is an herb in the pussy's-toes tribe within the sunflower family. It is native to Australia and New ZealandAtlas of Living Australia, Euchiton involucratus (G.Forst.) Holub, Common Cudweed and sparingly naturalized in a few scattered locations in the United States (California + Massachusetts).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapNesom, Guy L. 2002.

The biota of the Ballona region, Los Angeles County. Supp. I, Marina del Rey/Ballona Local Coastal Plan, Los Angeles County Natural History Museum Foundation, Los Angeles, Ca.Nagano, C. and J. Hogue. 1982. The insects and terrestrial arthropods of Point Mugu Naval Air Station. Report to the Point Mugu Naval Air Station, CaliforniaSlobodchikoff, C. and J. Doyen. 1977.

Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map It is also found in Greenland, St. Pierre and Miquelon, Yukon, Japan, and the Kamchatka Peninsula of Asiatic Russia. It can be found in alpine meadows, open rocky barrens, and coniferous woodlands.Flora of North America, Diphasiastrum sitchense (Ruprecht) Holub, 1975. Sitka club-moss, lycopode de Sitka Holub, J. 1975.

Organic Contaminants in the Marine Environment of Manila Bay, Philippines. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 57:348-358 Compounds from these pesticide residues find themselves in food items with metamidophos, endosulfan, chlorpyrifos and diazinon among the common contaminants. While chronic toxic effects on inhabitants of the bay are not found, impairment of marine biota were more evident.

Women's gut microbiota change as pregnancy advances, with the changes similar to those seen in metabolic syndromes such as diabetes. The change in gut flora causes no ill effects. The newborn's gut biota resemble the mother's first-trimester samples. The diversity of the flora decreases from the first to third trimester, as the numbers of certain species go up.

Some two dozen animals from the Chengjiang biota are problematic regarding phylogenetic assignment. Among these, Anomalocaris saron, the alleged predatory terror of the early Cambrian, is the most famous. Shu (2006) recently described Stromatoveris psygmoglena as a possible bilateran missing link between Ediacaran fronds and Cambrian ctenophores. Cambrocornulitus had a tubicolous shell which probably was biomineralized.

Odontochelys semitestacea was first described from three 220-million-year-old specimens excavated in Triassic deposits in Guizhou, China. The locale of its discovery at one time was the Nanpanjiang Trough basin, a shallow marine environment surrounded on three sides by land. These deposits preserve an ecosystem known as the Guanling biota, which was dominated by marine reptiles.

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map It prefers sandy and rocky soils, and can frequently be found along roadsides. Solidago bicolor is distinctive in the genus. Stems are thin and wiry. Flowers are white rather than yellow, the heads mostly clustered in the axils of the leaves rather than displayed in a large terminal raceme.

2000) Ediacaria was often classified as a jellyfish (a Scyphozoan Cnidarian), and has also been interpreted in many of the categories postulated to house the Ediacaran biota. A conspicuous filamentous microstructure preserved in some pyritised specimens suggests that it may have been a microbial colony, which disrupted the surrounding microbial mat to create the distinctive pattern (Grazhdankin, in press).

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Solidago kralii is an herb up to 110 cm (44 inches) tall, with dense resin hairs on the leaves. One plant can produce as many as 200 small yellow flower heads.Flora of North America, Solidago kralii Semple, Kral’s goldenrod The species is named for American botanist Robert Kral.

Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution mapCalflora taxon report, University of California, Veratrum viride Aiton American false hellebore, White false hellebore, green false hellebore It is found in wet soils in meadows, sunny streambanks, and open forests, occurring from sea level in the north of its range up to in the southeast and in the southwest.

The Milwaukee Formation is considered to be Givetian in age (~385 mya), as determined by using its biota to correlate the strata with certain portions of the Cedar Valley Group to the west. This age determination is also consistent with the formation's placement above the Givetian Thiensville Formation and below the Frasnian to Famennian Antrim Shale.

Many big, active animals only returned to the tropics, and plants recolonised on land when temperatures returned to normal. There is evidence that life had recovered rapidly, at least locally. This is indicated by sites that show exceptionally high biodiversity (e.g. the earliest Spathian Paris Biota), which suggest that food webs were complex and comprised several trophic levels.

It is native to the West Indies and southern Florida.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families ;species # Heterosavia bahamensis (Britton) Petra Hoffm. \- Monroe County in Florida,Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution map Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Cayman Islands, Turks & Caicos, islands of southwest Caribbean # Heterosavia erythroxyloides (Griseb.) Petra Hoffm. \- Cuba, Hispaniola # Heterosavia laurifolia (Griseb.) Petra Hoffm.

Organic pollutants in coastal waters, sediments, and biota: a relevant driver for ecosystems during the anthropocene? Estuarines Coasts 33, 1–14. doi: 10.1007/s12237-009-9255-8Raymond, P. A., and Spencer, R. G. M. (2015). “Riverine DOM,” in Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter, eds D. A. Hansell and C. A. Carlson (Amsterdam: Elsevier), 509–533.

It is also home to hundreds of the world's most active glaciers, but the main two are Franz Josef Glacier and Fox Glacier. It is the largest and least modified area of New Zealand's natural ecosystem. And as such, the flora and fauna of the area is the world's best modern representation of the ancient biota of Gondwanaland.

The construction of locks (or weirs and dams) on rivers obstructs the passage of fish. Some fish such as lampreys, trout and salmon go upstream to spawn. Measures such as a fish ladder are often taken to counteract this. Navigation locks have also potential to be operated as fishways to provide increased access for a range of biota.

Coscinodiscus elegans is a species of diatom in the family Coscinodiscaceae. It is found in the Gulf of Mexico.Krayesky, D. M., E. Meave del Castillo, E. Zamudio, J. N. Norris, and S. Fredericq. 2009. Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 155–186 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity.

A fossil of A. benmoulai from the Fezouata biota, Morocco was discovered by and named after Mohamed Ben Moula, a fossil collector who recognized its rare characteristics and brought it to the notice of a professional paleontologist, Peter Van Roy, at the Ghent University in Belgium. (Includes an account of Ben Moula showing his fossil to Van Roy).

Ecology is also offered at the field school. This offering is an intensive, nine-day field course. Through a total immersion in the tropical ecosystems we will be exploring, students will learn both the principles and practice of ecology. Students examine the biological and ecological processes that have developed and maintain the biodiversity of the tropical terrestrial biota.

Bowler Evolution: The History of an Idea pp. 351–352 There was also a renewed interest in the Cambrian explosion that saw the development of the body plans of most animal phyla. The discovery of fossils of the Ediacaran biota and developments in paleobiology extended knowledge about the history of life back far before the Cambrian.

Orlické hory, České středohoří). The greatest achievements include the discovery of the Jeskyně skřítků Cave near Děčín city, considered by speleologists as lost,POKORNÝ R., HOLEC M. (2009): Caves of the Ústí nad Labem district (In Czech: Jeskyně Ústeckého kraje. Nekrasové podzemní objekty ve třetihorních vulkanitech, jejich původ, charakteristiky a biota). Nakladatelství XYZ s.r.o., Prag, 276 pp.

The savanna enclaves are seen by biologists as important in understanding the evolutionary dynamics of the Amazonian biota. There is high diversity of birds. The forest may provide a breeding ground for several commercially important species of fish. Mixed groups of woolly monkeys and white-nosed saki (Chiropotes albinasus) have been observed, an unusual occurrence in the Amazon.

As noted in the previous sections, the lentic biota are linked in complex web of trophic relationships. These organisms can be considered to loosely be associated with specific trophic groups (e.g. primary producers, herbivores, primary carnivores, secondary carnivores, etc.). Scientists have developed several theories in order to understand the mechanisms that control the abundance and diversity within these groups.

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Hypochaeris chillensis is a perennial herb growing a taproot, a basal rosette of leaves, and one or more thin stems tall. The leaves are long, entire or lobed, and green. Atop the thin, naked stems are flower heads with small golden yellow ray florets, typically in diameter.

Tetraneuris linearifolia is a North American species of plants in the sunflower family, known by the common name fineleaf fournerved daisy. It grows in the south-central United States (Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico) and northern Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapTurner, B. L. 2013. The comps of Mexico.

Concentrations are projected to grow in coming decades, with negative impacts on ocean biota and other marine resources. One of the most striking features of this is ocean acidification, resulting from increased CO2 uptake of the oceans related to higher atmospheric concentration of CO2 and higher temperatures, because it severely affects coral reefs, mollusks, echinoderms and crustaceans (see coral bleaching).

This species occurs in Atlantic waters, ranging from the coast of North Carolina south to the Virgin Islands; in the Caribbean Sea off CubaTunnell, John W., Jr., Felder, Darryl L., & Earle, Sylvia A., eds. Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, Volume 1: Biodiversity. Texas A&M; University Press, 2009. 666. in the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea and the Lesser Antilles.

Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps The plants have strongly aromatic leaves and abundant tubular flowers with long-lasting coloured bracts. The genus includes the important group of culinary herbs: marjoram (Origanum majorana) and oregano (Origanum vulgare). Origanum species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including Coleophora albitarsella. ;Species # Origanum acutidens (Hand.

The Jehol Biota includes all the living organisms – the ecosystem – of northeastern China between 133 and 120 million years ago. This is the Lower Cretaceous ecosystem which left fossils in the Yixian Formation and Jiufotang Formation. These deposits are composed of layers of tephra and sediment. It is also believed to have left fossils in the Sinuiju series of North Korea.

Gaylussacia orocola, the Blue Ridge huckleberry, is a plant species native to the coastal plains of the southeastern United States (Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Gaylussacia orocola is a shrub up to 100 cm (40 inches) tall, sometimes forming small colonies. Flowers are in groups of 4–8, white. Fruits are black, essentially tasteless.

Biota Vol. 16 (2): 278−286. Varanus salvadorii has mammal-like aerobic abilities; a positive pressure gular pump in the animal's throat assists lung ventilation. Unlike most lizards that cannot breathe efficiently while running, because of Carrier's constraint, the gular pump of monitor lizards enables them to overcome the effect of one lung at a time being compressed by their running gait.

Fletcher, D. E. and B. M. Burr. 1992. Reproductive biology, larval description, and diet of the North American bluehead shiner, Notropis hubbsi (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) with comments on conservation status. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 3:193-218. Rapid population growth in the southern portions of the United States poses multiple threats to aquatic biota as development of land and water resources continues to accelerate.

Biota adheres to an unpredictable method of organizing sounds that ultimately allows listeners to imbue proceedings with their own individualized interpretations and experiences (much like interpreting a work of abstract visual art), thereby allowing for an element of "listener composition". Such a concept is in keeping with notions of community collaboration and song evolution inherent in many forms of traditional folk music.

Zigadenus is a genus of flowering plants now containing only one species, Zigadenus glaberrimus, the sandbog death camas, found in the southeastern United States from Mississippi to Virginia.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map Around 20 species were formerly included in the genus, but have now been moved to other genera.

Diagram demonstrating the carbon cycle within peatlands. Mires have unusual chemistry, which influences inter alia their biota and the chemistry of the water outflow. Peat has very high cation-exchange capacity due to its high organic matter content: cations such as Ca2+ are preferentially adsorbed onto the peat in exchange for H+ ions. Water passing through peat declines in nutrients and in pH.

Spermacoce neoterminalis, the Everglades Key false buttonweed, is a species of plant in the Rubiaceae. It is endemic to southern Florida, from the Everglades as far north as Lake Okeechobee.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Spermacoce neoterminalis Biota of North America Program, map, Spermacoce terminalisGovaerts, Rafaël Herman Anna. 1996. World Checklist of Seed Plants 2(1): 18, Spermacoce neoterminalisSmall, John Kunkel. 1924.

Once established, these species can be difficult to control or eradicate, particularly because of the connectivity of lotic systems. Invasive species can be especially harmful in areas that have endangered biota, such as mussels in the Southeast United States, or those that have localized endemic species, like lotic systems west of the Rocky Mountains, where many species evolved in isolation.

The only known recovery of gas hydrate in the southern Gulf of Mexico also occurred in the Campeche Knolls.Hutchinson 2011. Hutchinson, D. R., Ruppel, C. D., Roberts, H. H., Carney, R. S., and Smith, M.A. "Gas Hydrates in the Gulf of Mexico." In Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota: Volume 3, Geology, by N. A. Buster and C. W. Holmes, 247-275.

Cornwall has varied habitats including terrestrial and marine ecosystems. One noted species in decline locally is the Reindeer lichen, which species has been made a priority for protection under the national UK Biodiversity Action Plan.Price, J. H., Hepton, C. E. L. and Honey, S. I. (1979). The Inshore Benthic Biota of the Lizard Peninsula, south west Cornwall: the marine algae – History; Chlorophyta; Phaeophyta.

The Xiaowa Formation is a Carnian-age geological formation found in southern China. It is a sequence of limestone and marls from the Carnian stage of the Triassic. Its lower section was previously known as the Wayao Formation or Wayao Member of the Falang Formation. Crinoids and marine reptiles are abundant in the Xiaowa Formation, forming a lagerstätte known as the Guanling biota.

For animals, it has been shown that nanoparticles can provoke inflammation, oxidative stress, and modification of mitochondrial distribution. These effects were dose-dependent and varied by nanoparticle type. Present research indicates that biomagnification of nanoparticles through trophic levels is highly dependent upon the type of nanoparticles and biota in question. While some instances of bioaccumulation of nanoparticles exist, there is no general consensus.

A systematic study of the genus Astranthium (Compositae, Astereae). Publications of the Museum of Michigan State University, Biological Series 2: 429–528.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Astranthium ciliatum is an annual with a taproot, and usually an unbranched stem up to 50 cm (20 inches) tall. Flower heads have white or bluish ray florets and yellow disc florets.

The park has an area of 104 square kilometres and has a relatively dry range of habitat, common throughout the hill country of western Victoria, Australia of woodlands, open forests, heaths and dry swamps, and is traversed by the Glenelg River. Biota include varied birds, reptiles, mammals, banksias, wattles, eucalyptus trees and other life forms. It was proclaimed a park in 1982.

Two species are known, Amplectobelua symbrachiata from the Chengjiang biota and Amplectobelua stephenensis from the later Burgess Shale. A. symbrachiata is known from complete specimens, while A. stephenensis is known only from isolated frontal appendages. A. stephenensis is more advanced, with the frontal appendages being more specialized for grasping: the fourth spine is larger and the spines on outer segments are reduced.

Balduina angustifolia (coastal plain honeycombhead) is a North American species of plants in the sunflower family. It is native to the southeastern United States (Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Balduina angustifolia is a perennial herb with branching stems. Each plant has 20 or more flower heads, each with yellow ray florets and yellow disc florets.

Bidens leptocephala, the fewflower beggarticks, is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family. It is native to the southwestern United States (Arizona, New Mexico, western Texas)Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map and northern Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora, Baja California, Baja California Sur).Flora of North America, Bidens leptocephala Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 64: 22.

A generalized schematic of an activated sludge process. Activated sludge is a common suspended-growth method of secondary treatment. Activated sludge plants encompass a variety of mechanisms and processes using dissolved oxygen to promote growth of biological floc that substantially removes organic material. Biological floc is an ecosystem of living biota subsisting on nutrients from the inflowing primary clarifier effluent.

Thus "Nemicolopterus crypticus" means "Hidden flying forest dweller". It lived in the Jehol Biota 120 million years ago. Restoration N. crypticus is known from a single fossil, catalog number IVPP V-14377, in the collection of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology in Beijing, China. The fossil was collected from the Jiufotang Formation, which is of Aptian age (120 mya).

The Gurupi Biological Reserve was created on 12 January 1988. The reserve is administered by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation. The Biological Reserve is a "strict nature reserve" under IUCN protected area category Ia. The purpose is full preservation of biota and other natural attributes without human intervention. Specifically the reserve maintains a representative sample of the Amazon rainforest in Maranhão.

New distribution records for Gamochaeta (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) in the United States. Sida 21(2): 1175–1185.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapCalflora taxon report, University of California, Gamochaeta argyrinea G.L. Nesom Gamochaeta argyrinea is an annual herb up to tall. Leaves are up to long, green on the top but appearing silvery on the underside because of many woolly hairs.

Guardiola platyphylla, the Apache plant, is a North American species of plants in the sunflower family, native to Mexico and the southwestern United States. It is found in northwestern Mexico (Chihuahua, Sinaloa, and Sonora) and the southwestern United States (southern Arizona).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapShreve, F. & I. L. Wiggins. 1964. Vegetation and Flora of the Sonoran Desert.

MEASO aims to assess long-term status and trends in Southern Ocean biota and foodwebs. It does not give specific scientific requirements for year to year management, but long-term assessments, and continues previous works such as the Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean De Broyer, C. and Koubbi, P. eds., 2014. Biogeographic atlas of the Southern Ocean (p. 498).

Phacelia cronquistiana (Cronquist's phacelia) is a plant species native to Utah and Arizona, known only from Kane and Mohave Counties.Utah Rare Plant Guide, Utah Native Plant SocietyBONAP (Biota of North America Program) Floristic Synthesis It occurs in sagebrush and Pinus ponderosa forests at elevations of .Welsh, Stanley Larson, & Goodrich, Sherel. 1993. New taxa and new nomenclatural combinations in the Utah flora.

The Arctic sea ice covers less area in the summer than in the winter. The multi-year (i.e. perennial) sea ice covers nearly all of the central deep basins. The Arctic sea ice and its related biota are unique, and the year- round persistence of the ice has allowed the development of ice endemic species, meaning species not found anywhere else.

Aristonectes e.g. had hundreds of teeth, allowing it to sieve small Crustacea from the water.Chatterjee, S. and Small, B.J., 1989, "New plesiosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Antarctica", In: Crame, J. (ed) Origins and Evolution of Antarctic Biota, pp. 197-215, Geological Society Publishing House, London The short-necked "pliosauromorphs" were top carnivores, or apex predators, in their respective foodwebs.

At the time of his death Hewitt had 250 peer reviewed academic publications and these had been cited by approximately ten thousand other articles according to Web of Knowledge. His most highly cited publications are in the area of phylogeography and hybrid zones. In particular Hewitt was influential in understanding the diversity of European biota in the context of glacial cycles.

Pedunculotheca is a genus of orthothecid hyolith known from the Chengjiang biota of China, notable for its possession of a pedunculate attachment structure likened to the brachiopod pedicle. On account of this pedicle and its flattened larval shell, it is reconstructed as the earliest diverging hyolith, and a model for the ancestral morphology of this lineage of stem- group brachiopods.

This minor planet was named after Reg Sprigg (1919–1994), Australian exploration geologist, oceanographer, biologist, author and conservationist. In 1946, he discovered the pre-Cambrian Ediacara biota, an assemblage of some of the most ancient animal fossils known. He is also the founder of the Arkaroola Wilderness Sanctuary which also hosts a small observatory. The naming was proposed by astronomer Duncan Steel.

ZSL runs ZSL London Zoo, ZSL Whipsnade Zoo and had planned to open an aquarium, Biota!. The society published the Zoological Record (ZR) from 1864 to 1980, when the ZR was transferred to BIOSIS. The Society has published the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, now called the Journal of Zoology, since 1830. Since 1998 it has also published Animal Conservation.

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapCalflora taxon report, University of California, Erigeron filifolius (Hook.) Nutt., threadleaf fleabane Erigeron filifolius is a branched perennial herb up to in height. Leaves are long and thin, often thread-like, up to long. Each stem sometimes produces only 1 flower head per stem, sometimes flat-topped clusters of 10 or more.

Life in the Ediacaran Period The Ediacaran (; formerly Vendian) biota is a taxonomic period classification that consists of all life forms that were present on Earth during the Ediacaran Period (ca. 635–542 Mya). These were composed of enigmatic tubular and frond-shaped, mostly sessile, organisms. Trace fossils of these organisms have been found worldwide, and represent the earliest known complex multicellular organisms.

Scabrethia is a genus of North American flowering plants in the sunflower family.Weber, William Alfred. 1998. Phytologia 85(1): 20–21Tropicos, Scabrethia W.A. Weber ;Species There is only one recognized species, Scabrethia scabra, the badlands mule-ears, native to the western United States (Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico).Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map ;Subspecies # Scabrethia scabra subsp.

History of Systematic Botany in Australasia. Ed. by: P. Short. Australian Systematic Botany Society Inc. pp. 259–64. Because of the continent's great age, extremely variable weather patterns, and long-term geographic isolation, much of Australia's biota is unique. About 85% of flowering plants, 84% of mammals, more than 45% of birds, and 89% of in-shore, temperate-zone fish are endemic.

Although the period takes its name from the Ediacara Hills where geologist Reg Sprigg first discovered fossils of the eponymous Ediacara biota in 1946, the type section is located in the bed of the Enorama Creek Accessed 27 December 2010. within Brachina GorgeSouth Australian Museum Newsletter April 2005 Accessed 9 August 2010. in the Flinders Ranges of South Australia, at .

When algae dominate, the water tends to be darker. The algae engage in photosynthesis which supplies oxygen to the fish and biota which inhabit these waters. Occasionally, an excessive algal bloom will occur and can ultimately result in fish death, due to respiration by algae and bottom-living bacteria. The process of eutrophication can occur naturally and by human impact on the environment.

Psammon (from Greek "psammos", "sand") is a group of organisms inhabiting coastal sand moist — biota buried in sediments. Psammon is a part of water fauna, along with periphyton, plankton, nekton, and benthos. Psammon is also sometimes considered a part of benthos due to its near-bottom distribution. Psammon term is commonly used to refer to freshwater reservoirs such as lakes.

Tagetes micrantha is a North American species wild marigolds within the daisy family (Asteraceae), common name licorice marigold. It is widespread across much of Mexico from Chihuahua to Oaxaca, and found also in the southwestern United States (Arizona, New Mexico, western Texas).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapSEINet, Southwestern Biodiversity, Arizona Chapter, Tagetes micrantha Cav., licorice marigoldTurner, B. L. 1996.

The various fossil localities are quarries located mostly south of the River Mosel and west of the Rhine in western Germany. The biota of the Hunsrück Slate are commonly called "Bundenbach fossils" after the nearby German community of Bundenbach. More formally, the Hunsruck Slate is properly designated as a Konservat Lagerstätte due to the many fossils that exhibit preservation of soft tissues.

Bacterial organisms, algae, and other organisms are sometimes referred to as flora, so that for example the terms bacterial flora and plant flora are used separately. Fauna is all of the animal life of any particular region or time. The corresponding term for plants is flora. Flora, fauna and other forms of life such as fungi are collectively referred to as biota.

Yunnanozoon lividum (Yunnan + Greek ζῷον zôion, lividum; "livid animal of Yunnan") is an extinct species from the Lower Cambrian, Chengjiang biota of Yunnan province, China. It is thought of as a deuterostome suspected of being either a hemichordateShu, D., Zhang, X. and Chen, L. 1996. Reinterpretation of Yunnanozoon as the earliest known hemichordate, Nature. 380:428–430 (4 April 1996).

This uncommon plant is endemic to an area of the Great Basin region in the western United States, in northeastern California, southeastern Oregon, southwestern Idaho, and northwestern Nevada.Jepson eFlora: Dimeresia howelliiFlora of North America, Dimeresia A. Gray Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map It grows in dry volcanic soils, primarily on the Modoc Plateau volcanic plain, at elevations of .

Chaetadelpha is a genus of plants in the dandelion family containing the single species Chaetadelpha wheeleri, or Wheeler's skeletonweed.Watson, Sereno. 1873. American Naturalist 7(5): 301–302 in EnglishTropicos, Chaetadelpha A. Gray ex S. Watson This brushy perennial plant is native to the western United States (Nevada, eastern California, southeastern Oregon).Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution mapTomb, A. S. 1972.

Platycladus is a monotypic genus of evergreen coniferous tree in the cypress family Cupressaceae, containing only one species, Platycladus orientalis, also known as Chinese thuja, Oriental arborvitae, Chinese arborvitae, biota or Oriental thuja. It is native to northeastern parts of East Asia and North Asia, but is also now naturalised as an introduced species in other regions of the Asian continent.

The study, released in July 2010 stated no traces of hydrocarbons were found in water or shoreline sediments in areas sampled between Camden Sound and the Stewart Islands.K.W. McAlpine, C.B. Sim, R.J. Masini and T. Daly. Baseline petroleum hydrocarbon content of marine water, shoreline sediment and intertidal biota at selected sites in the Kimberley bioregion, Western Australia . Office of the Environmental Protection Authority.

Adult at Chester Zoo The IUCN Red List categorized the golden-headed lion tamarin as endangered in 1982. According to Costa, Leite, Mendes, and Ditchfield, Brazil accounts for about 14% of the world's biota and has the largest mammal diversity in the world, with more than 530 described species.Costa LP, Leite YLR, Mendes SL, Ditchfield AD. (2004). Mammal Conservation in Brazil.

Some mining methods may have significant environmental and public health effects. Heavy metals usually exhibit toxic effects towards the soil biota, and this is through the affection of the microbial processes and decreases the number as well as activity of soil microorganisms. Low concentration of heavy metals also has high chances of inhibiting the plant's physiological metabolism. Jiwan, S., & Ajah, K. S. (2011).

Ividia havanensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.Rosenberg, G., F. Moretzsohn, and E. F. García. 2009. Gastropoda (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 579–699 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M; Press, College Station, Texas.

Ividella abbotti is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.Rosenberg, G., F. Moretzsohn, and E. F. García. 2009. Gastropoda (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 579–699 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M; Press, College Station, Texas.

Squamacula is an extinct arthropod from the Cambrian Series 2, the type species S. clypeata was described in 1997 from the Chengjiang biota. At the time of description there were only two known specimens of S. clypeata, but now there are at least six known specimens. In 2012 a second species S. buckorum was described from the Emu Bay Shale of Australia.

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapCalflora taxon report, Wyethia elata H.M. Hall Hall's mule ears, Hall's wyethia Agnorhiza elata occurs in woodlands and pine forests. It is a perennial herb growing from a thick taproot and caudex unit. The hairy stem grows erect to a maximum height around one meter. The leaves have triangular blades up to 20 centimeters long.

Based upon use of the model, some decisions have been influenced to enhance Pyramid Lake water quality and aid the viability of Pyramid Lake biota, including the cui-ui. The dynamic river model was particularly useful for analyzing Truckee River temperature variations, since the cui-ui often swim upstream to spawn, and their fry are vulnerable to elevations in river temperature.

Haootia quadriformis is an extinct animal belonging to the Ediacaran biota. Estimated to be about 560 million years old, H. quadriformis is identified as a cnidarian polyp, and is regarded as the earliest animal possessing muscles. Discovered in 2008 from Newfoundland in eastern Canada, it was formally described in 2014. It is the first Ediacaran organism discovered to show fossils of muscle fibres.

The large trees in the first zone of the riparian buffer provide shade and therefore cooling for the water, increasing productivity and increasing habitat quality for aquatic species. When branches and stumps (large woody debris) fall into the stream from the riparian zone, more stream habitat features are created. Carbon is added as an energy source for biota in the stream.

People also detected PFOA in the arctic media and biota. Because of the large amount of production of microwave popcorn bags, they have also become a significant contaminant source (PFCs) to the environment. Due to the disposal of coated paper and manufacturing activities, PFOA has also been detected in wastewater and biosolids. Soil near disposal sites are contaminated by PFOA as well.

While São Paulo was where E. cardinale was first encountered, this moth is also found in other parts of Brazil like Santa Catarina, specifically in the towns of Bom Jardim da Serra, Brusque, Joinville and São Bento do Sul.Ferro, V. G.; Resende, I. M. H. & Duarte, M. (Oct/Dec 2012). "The Arctiinae moths (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) of Santa Catarina state, Brazil". Biota Neotropica.

Skull of the holotype Its fossil, holotype IVPP V12691, was found near Baicaigou in Yixian County in the Dawangzhangzi Beds of the Yixian Formation in Liaoning, China, having an oldest determinable age of 122 million years, during the early Aptian stage of the early Cretaceous Period.Zhou, Z. (2006). "Evolutionary radiation of the Jehol Biota: chronological and ecological perspectives." Geological Journal, 41: 377-393.

When working with benthic macroinvertebrates, both water and benthic sediments may contain chemical that affects the organism. Biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) and biomagnification factor (BMF) also influence toxicity in aquatic environments. BCF does not explicitly take metabolism into consideration so it needs to be added to models at other points through uptake, elimination or degradation equations for a selected organism.

The genus was originally named Turneria by Chatterjee and Small (1989), but that name was preoccupied by Turneria Forel, 1895, necessitating erection of the replacement name Morturneria by Chatterjee and Creisler (1994).Chatterjee, S., and B. J. Small. 1989. New plesiosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Antarctica, origins and evolution of the Antarctic biota. Geology Society Special Publication 47:197–215.

The biota of Tokyo Imperial Palace grounds, especially of the Fukiage Garden, consists of enriched and distinct flora and fauna found in Tokyo, Japan. An untouched, vast open space in the middle of Tokyo hosts diverse species of wildlife which have been catalogued in field research. For comparison, this article also covers biodiversity in other open spaces in the central districts of Tokyo.

Rubus wheeleri a North American species of brambles in the rose family. It grows in eastern and central Canada (Québec and Ontario) and the northern United States (New York, Michigan, and Indiana).Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1932. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 2(7): 457, Rubus wheeleriBailey, Liberty Hyde 1932.

Rubus andrewsianus, common name Andrews' blackberry, is an uncommon North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is found in scattered locations in the northeastern and east-central United States (Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBlanchard, William Henry. 1906. A new Rubus from Connecticut.

Rubus tholiformis is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It has been found only in eastern Canada (Québec and Nova Scotia) and the northeastern United States (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapMerritt Lyndon. 1940. Rhodora 42(500): 283–284 description in Latin, commentary in EnglishFernald, Merritt Lyndon. 1940.

Rubus biformispinus, the pasture dewberry, is an uncommon North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is found in eastern and central Canada (from Ontario to Nova Scotia) and the northeastern United States (Maine, New York, Pennsylvania).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBlanchard, William Henry. 1906. Rhodora 8(93): 178–179The Plant List, Rubus biformispinus Blanch.

Rubus defectionis, the Eclipse blackberry, is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It grows in only a few locations in the east-central United States (Maryland and Virginia).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapFernald, Merritt Lyndon 1942. Rhodora 44(526): 402–403 description in Latin, commentary in EnglishFernald, Merritt Lyndon 1942.

Rubus stipulatus is uncommon North American species of brambles in the rose family. It grows in and near the Great Lakes region of Canada (Ontario) and the United States (Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1934. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 7(3): 242, figure 80, as Rubus semisetosus var.

It contains a plateau area with palm trees, human presence and livestock. The plateau areas have high species diversity. Law 2646 of 22 May 2001 prohibits activities in APAs that may damage the environment or biota including earth moving, mining and dredging. Existing agriculture and livestock activities may continue, but not in ways that may damage the environment such as use of pesticides or overgrazing.

Ericameria arborescens is a North American species of flowering plants in the daisy family known by the common name goldenfleece. It is widespread across much of California and found also in southwestern Oregon.Calflora taxon report, University of California, Ericameria arborescens (A. Gray) E. Greene, golden fleece, goldenfleece Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Ericameria arborescens grows in chaparral communities and open woodlands.

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Some sources say it has probably been extirpated from Canada.Flora of North America, Bloomer’s goldenbush, Ericameria bloomeri (A. Gray) J. F. Macbride Ericameria bloomeri grows in coniferous forests. This is a small shrub reaching a maximum height of about 50 centimeters (20 inches) and covered in a foliage of threadlike to slightly oval leaves a few centimeters long.

Ericameria laricifolia is a North American species of flowering shrub in the daisy family known by the common name turpentine bush, or turpentine-brush. It is native to the southwestern United States (Arizona, New Mexico, western Texas, southwestern Utah, southern Nevada, southeastern California) and northern Mexico (Chihuahua).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapCalflora taxon report, University of California, Ericameria laricifolia (A. Gray) Shinn.

The restorative benefits of nature: Toward an integrative framework Journal of Environmental Psychology, 15, 169–182van den Berg, A., Maas, J., Verheij, R. A., & Groenewegen, P. P. (2010). Green space as a buffer between negative life events and health. Social Science & Medicine,70(8), 1203–1210 More recently, links were established to specific biota (microorganisms) found in nature and their direct influence on building immune system strength.

Oxygen levels may have been less than 0.1 to 2% of modern-day levels, which would have effectively stalled the evolution of complex life during the Boring Billion. Oxic conditions would have become dominant at the second oxygenation event causing the proliferation of aerobic activity over anaerobic, but widespread suboxic and anoxic conditions likely lasted until about 0.55 Gya corresponding with Ediacaran biota and the Cambrian explosion.

Xyris elliottii, common name Elliott's yelloweyed grass, is a North American species of flowering plant in the yellow-eyed-grass family. It is native to the coastal plain of the United States from Mississippi to South Carolina plus southern Mexico (Tabasco), Central America (Belize, Nicaragua) and the West Indies (Cuba, Puerto Rico).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapTropicos, Xyris elliottii Chapm.Kral, R. 2001. Xyridaceae.

The specific name honours the German pterosaur researcher Peter Wellnhofer. The genus is based on holotype CAGS02-IG-gausa-2/M 608 (earlier DM 608). It was found in Chifeng in the Daohugou Beds. According to Ji Pterorhynchus belongs to the Yanliao Biota from the Haifanggou Formation of the Callovian; Lü Junchang in 2007 ascribed it to the somewhat later Tiaojishan Formation of the same stage.

The Córrego Grande Biological Reserve of was established by decree of 12 April 1989. It is managed by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation. It became part of the Central Atlantic Forest Ecological Corridor, created in 2002. The Biological Reserve is a "strict nature reserve" under IUCN protected area category Ia. It tries to preserve the biota and other natural attributes without human interference.

The Biological Reserve is a "strict nature reserve" under IUCN protected area category Ia. The purpose is to fully preserve the biota and other natural attributes without direct human interference. The conservation unit is supported by the Amazon Region Protected Areas Program. The reserve is in the Amazon biome and has vegetation typical of this biome. It includes dense and open rainforest, submontane and montane forest.

Vincetoxicum is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae. Although the species in Vincetoxicum have sometimes been included in Cynanchum,Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 205 鹅绒藤属 e rong teng shu Cynanchum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 212. 1753. Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps, genus Cynanchum chemical and molecular evidence shows that Vincetoxicum is more closely related to Tylophora.

Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map It grows in mountain talus habitats in subalpine to alpine climates. Artemisia michauxiana is a rhizomatous perennial herb with green, lemon- scented foliage. The plant grows up to 100 cm (40 inches) tall with several erect branches. The leaves are divided into many narrow segments which are hairless or lightly hairy and bear yellowish resin glands.

Commercial fish stocks (shrimp and fin fish) plummeted but recovered within a few years. An extensive and very detailed study of the shoreline was conducted at 250-meter intervals for the entire affected length, from the high-water mark to low water, to determine the extent of the contamination and its effect on biota. The Saudis claimed several billion dollars to compensate for these environmental damages.

Exhibits featuring more specific biota branch off from the central foyer. Side exhibits center on pallas cats, cotton-top tamarins, meerkats, emerald tree boas, dwarf mongooses, desert monitors, among others. Some of these exhibits feature critically endangered animals.Exhibit signage, Prospect Park Zoo The Prospect Park Zoo is engaged in breeding species in captivity, a part of the larger wild life recovery program of the Wildlife Conservation Society.

Lecthaylus gregarius, a sipunculan from the Silurian of Illinois. Because of their soft-bodied structure, fossils of sipunculans are extremely rare, and are only known from a few genera. Archaeogolfingia and Cambrosipunculus appear in the Cambrian Chengjiang biota in China. These fossils appear to belong to the crown group, and demonstrate that sipunculans have changed little (morphologically) since the early Cambrian, about 520 million years ago.

Conus burryae, common name Mrs Burry's cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.Rosenberg, G., F. Moretzsohn, and E. F. García. 2009. Gastropoda (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 579–699 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M; Press, College Station, Texas.

Large ornamented Ediacaran microfossils are microscopic acritarchs, usually over 100 μm in diameter, which are common in sediments of the Ediacaran period, . They largely disappear from the Ediacaran period fossil record before , roughly coeval with the origin of the Ediacara biota. They differ from Palaeozoic microfossils in many respects; they are larger, often have internal contents, have a differently-constructed cell wall, and differ in shape.

Allium oleraceum is widespread across most of Europe, with additional populations in Turkey and the Caucasus.Allium oleraceum L. Altervista Flora Italiana It is sparingly naturalised in scattered locations in North America.Flora of North America v 26 p 238, Allium oleraceumBONAP (Biota of North America Program), floristic synthesis, Allium oleraceumGleason, H. A. & A.J. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of the Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada (ed.

Quirk has worked for resources company, CRA (now known as Rio Tinto). He has also worked in the United States at Fermilab, the universities of Chicago and Harvard and at CERN in Europe. He was an early director of Biota, a company which developed an influenza drug. He has held several positions in utilities, electricity and transport industries including a founding directorship of the Victorian Power Exchange.

Rubus depavitus is a North American species of dewberry, known as the Aberdeen dewberry. Like other dewberries, it is a species of flowering plant in the rose family, related to the blackberry. It is native to the east-central United States (Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, New Jersey, Ohio, and West Virginia).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1943.

Bidens bigelovii (Bigelow's beggarticks) is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family. It is native to the southwestern and south-central United States (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Colorado)Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map and to Mexico as far south as Oaxaca.García-Mendoza, A. J. & J. A. Meave. 2011. Diversidad Florística de Oaxaca: de Musgos a Angispermas 1–351.

While most of the biota were driven away from the poles during the glacial advance, there were still isolated areas of sanctuary. These locations are referred to as refugia. A refugium is defined by Ceridwen et al. as a “geographical area in which populations of glacially impacted organisms persisted during the LGM (Last Glacial Maximum).” Some different types of these areas are coastal, embedded, and periglacial refugia.

Burney, D.A., H.F. James, L.P. Burney, S.L. Olson, W.K. Kikuchi, W. Wagner, M. Burney, D. McCloskey, D. Kikuchi, F.V. Grady, R. Gage, and R. Nishek. 2001. Fossil evidence for a diverse biota from Kaua‘i and its transformation since human arrival. Ecological Monographs 71:615–641. and in the Marquesas Islands sometime between 1100 and 1200 C.E.Anderson, A., E. Conte, G. Clark, Y. Sinoto, and F. Petchy. 1999.

Balduina atropurpurea (purpledisk honeycombhead) is a North American species of plants in the sunflower family. It is native to the southeastern United States (Florida, Georgia, Alabama, South Carolina, North Carolina).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Balduina atropurpurea is a perennial herb with branching stems. Each plant has 1-4 flower heads, each with yellow ray florets and purple disc florets.

Balduina uniflora (commonly called oneflower honeycombhead, savannah honeycombhead or oneflower balduina) is a North American species of plants in the sunflower family. It is native to the southeastern United States (Louisiana, Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, South Carolina, North Carolina).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map It is the type species of Genus Balduina. Balduina uniflora is a perennial herb with branching stems.

The availability of phosphorus in an ecosystem is restricted by the rate of release of this element during weathering. The release of phosphorus from apatite dissolution is a key control on ecosystem productivity. The primary mineral with significant phosphorus content, apatite [Ca5(PO4)3OH] undergoes carbonation. Little of this released phosphorus is taken up by biota (organic form), whereas a larger proportion reacts with other soil minerals.

The park was formally constituted by decree on 12 August 1969. The Água Funda Park was now called the Fontes do Ipiranga State Park. The decree defined a Biological Reserve area, zoological garden, botanical garden forest area and various open areas. The Biological Reserve was to be kept intact as a scientific repository of the existing biota and to protect the historical headwaters of the Ipiranga River.

Gamochaeta simplicicaulis, the simple-stem cudweed or simple-stem everlasting, is a species of flowering plant in the sunflower family. It is native to South America and has become naturalized in Australia, New Zealand, and the southeastern United States (from Alabama to Virginia).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapZuloaga, F. O., O. Morrone, M. J. Belgrano, C. Marticorena & E. Marchesi. (eds.) 2008.

The biota of the formation comprise mostly marine microinvertebrates and algae, with the presence of ammonites and abundant pollen in the Middle Toarcian sections. Nanoplankton is one of the most representative finds of the layers, appearing deposited with interruptions, probably due to changes on the oxygen content of the sea floor.Noël et al., 1993 Phytoplankton includes abundant dinoflagellate cysts and acritarchs, specially the genus Micrhystridium.

Gutierrezia wrightii is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name Wright's snakeweed. It is native to the southwestern United States (Arizona and New Mexico) and northwestern Mexico (Sonora, Chihuahua, Sinaloa).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Gutierrezia wrightii is an annual herb up to in height. Leaves are narrowly lance-shaped, up to long.

WWF Ecoregions, retrieved 14 May 2010 Lorentz Park contains many unmapped and unexplored areas, and is certain to contain many species of plants and animals as yet unknown to Western science. Local communities' ethnobotanical and ethnozoological knowledge of the Lorentz biota is also very poorly documented. The park is named for Hendrikus Albertus Lorentz, a Dutch explorer who passed through the area on his 1909–10 expedition.

1), 1–270(pt. 2). The species is widely cultivated as an ornamental, and has become naturalized in parts of the United States (California, Arizona, South Carolina),Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Australia,Atlas of Living Australia, Arctotis stoechadifolia P.J.Bergius, White Arctotis and Central and South America,Davidse, G., M. Sousa-Peña, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera. 2015. Asteraceae. 5(2): ined.

2: 20, plate 166. 1797. Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Arctotis fastuosa is cultivated as an ornamental plant for its showy flowers. It is an annual herb growing up to about 35 centimeters in height, but known to approach 90 centimeters (36 inches) at times. It is hairy in texture, the hairs long and webby when the plant is young.

Ortea, J., Valdés, Á. & García-Gómez, J.C. (1996). Revisión de las especies atlánticas de la familia Chromodorididae (Mollusca: Nudibranchia) del grupo cromático azul. Avicennia suplemento 1: 1-165 page(s): 84Rosenberg, G., F. Moretzsohn, and E. F. García. 2009. Gastropoda (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 579–699 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity.

The effect of pulse stimulation on marine biota - Research in relation to ICES advice - Progress report on the effects on benthic in-vertebrates. IMARES report C103/09Van Marlen, B., Bergman, M.J.N., Groenewold, S., Fonds, M. (2001). Research on diminishing impact in demersal trawling – The experiments in The Netherlands. ICES CM2001/R:09 It also involves fewer discards for all species categories that are discarded.

Biota! was a proposed aquarium in the Silvertown Quays redevelopment, on the site of Millennium Mills adjacent to the Royal Victoria Dock, part of the wider Thames Gateway regeneration project for East London. The £80 million building by Terry Farrell & Partners architects was given outline planning permission in March 2005 and was initially expected to be completed in 2008, but the project was cancelled in 2009.

Biota! was to be operated by the Zoological Society of London and would have been the world's first aquarium entirely based on the principles of conservation. The design for the aquarium incorporated four biomes, each representing an entire ecosystem including trees, other plants, invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds as well as fish. The planned completion date slipped as the Silvertown Quays development struggled to secure funding.

Ernettia is an extinct genus of Ediacaran organisms with an infaunal lifestyle. Fossil preservations and modeling indicate this organism was sessile and “sack”-shaped. It survived partly buried in substrate, with an upturned bell-shaped frill exposed above the sediment-water interface. Ernietta have been recovered from present-day Namibia, and are a part of the Ediacaran biota, a late Proterozoic radiation of multicellular organisms.

6: 560. 1838.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapFlora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 173 Sweet-sultan, Amberboa moschata (Linnaeus) de Candolle in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 6: 560. 1838. Amberboa moschata is a branching herb up to 50 cm tall. Flower heads are usually purple, showy, and sweet-scented.

They finally moved to San Jose, California, in 1974. Together, Áskell and Doris Löve undertook numerous investigations of the chromosome numbers of plants and their use in plant systematics. They published numerous accounts in this field, and are considered the founders of cytotaxonomy. In 1962, she was the convener of an influential scientific conference on the North Atlantic Biota and their History with contributions from a.o.

2010: Appendicularian distribution and diversity in the southern Gulf of Mexico. Distribución y diversidad de apendicularias en el sur del golfo de México. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 81:123- 131. PDF Castellanos, I. A. and E. Suárez-Morales. 2009. Appendicularia (Urochordata) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 1217–1221 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity.

Liaoconodon is an extinct genus of early mammal from the early Cretaceous (early Aptian stage, approximately 120 Ma). It is a eutriconodont which lived in what is now the Jianchang of Liaoning Province, eastern China. It is known from the holotype IVPP V 16051, which consists of nearly complete skeleton and skull. It was found in the Jiufotang Formation (Jehol Biota) near Xiaotaizi, Lamadong.

The function of probiotics goes beyond basic nutrition and has many benefits to the health of the organism. The use of probiotics can help in the prevention and treatment of certain diseases or disorders of felines. Examples include prevention of allergies, diarrhea, symptoms relating to stress, etc. The health of the cats is very much dependent on the fermentation that occurs through gut biota.

Heavy rains carried the oil to the Nueces River and on into Nueces and Corpus Christi Bays. The discharge oiled terrestrial and aquatic vegetation, birds, sediments, soils, and other biota. The Consent Decree was held up for some time, due to a DOJ criminal case with Koch Pipeline regarding non- and under-reporting of discharges. The criminal case was settled in March 2000 and the assessment completed.

It is native to the United States and Mexico, where it occurs along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts. Its distribution extends from Maryland south to Florida and west to Texas in the US,Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map and along the Mexican Gulf Coast to the Yucatán Peninsula. It is an introduced species in some areas, such as BermudaBorrichia frutescens.

The earliest fossils of complex multicellular life are found in the Ediacaran period. These organisms make up the Ediacaran biota, including the oldest definitive animals in the fossil record. According to Rino and co-workers, the sum of the continental crust formed in the Pan- African orogeny and the Grenville orogeny makes the Neoproterozoic the period of Earth's history that has produced most continental crust.

All this bio- mass normally retains water during rainfall. Removal or damage of the biota reduces the local capacity to retain water, which can exacerbate flooding and lead to increased leaching of nutrients from the soil. The maximum nutrient loss occurs around year two, and returns to pre-clearcutting levels by year four.Martin, C. W., Pierce, R. S., Likens, G. E., & Bormann, F. H. (1986).

The unguals of the foot are less curved than in Eomaia or Sinodelphys, indicating that the mammal could climb but less effectively than in the two latter genera.Larsson, Hans, Hone, David, Dececchi, T. Alexander, Sullivan, Corwin, Xu, Xing. "THE WINGED NON-AVIAN DINOSAUR MICRORAPTOR FED ON MAMMALS: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE JEHOL BIOTA ECOSYSTEM" "Program and Abstracts. 70th Anniversary Meeting Society of Vertebrate Paleontology October 2010" 114A.

Juchilestes is an amphidontid mammal genus from the early Cretaceous (early Aptian stage, 123.2 ± 1.0 Ma). It lived in what is now the Beipiao of western Liaoning, eastern China. It is known from the holotype D2607, which consists of three-dimensionally preserved, partial skull with mandibles and some teeth. It was found in 2004 from the Lujiatun Site of the Yixian Formation (Jehol Biota).

19, 20 and 21 Page 170 Common or lesser burdock, petite bardane, cibourroche, chou bourache, bourrier, Arctium minus (Hill) Bernhardi, Syst. Verz. 154. 1800. Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapMarticorena, C. & M. Quezada. 1985. Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Chile. Gayana, Botánica 42: 1–157Atlas of Living Australia Lesser Burdock produces purple flowers in its second year of growth, from July to October.

Selection on different morphs in tropical insects is high because there is pressure for phenotypes to look as different as possible from all others because the insects that have the lowest density in a population are the ones that are preyed on the least.Rand, A. S. (1967). Predator–prey interactions and the evolution of aspect diversity. Atas do Simposio sobre a Biota Amaz6nica 5 (Zool.): 73–83.

Fuxianospira gyrata is a Cambrian macroalgae found in the Chengjiang lagerstatte. Preserved in clustered, helicoid groups, the filaments are threadlike, plain and without branches. Brown and smooth in appearance, these structural characteristics display a resemblance to modern brown algae. A limited amount of algae species have been discovered in the Chengjiang biota, suggesting that diversity within the general algae population may have been sparse.

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Cirsium parryi is a biennial herb with a hairy stem growing up to 200 cm (80 inches) tall or more. The leaves are oblong or lance-shaped and measure 10 to 30 centimeters (4-12 inches) long. They are often toothed or divided partly into lobes. The lower ones have usually withered by flowering time.

Leuciva, is a North American genus of plants in the sunflower family.Rydberg, Per Axel. 1922. North American Flora 33(1): 8 in EnglishTropicos, Leuciva Rydb. There is only one known species, Leuciva dealbata, native to Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Durango, Zacatecas, New Mexico, western Texas, and Cochise County in southeastern Arizona,Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution mapCONABIO. 2009.

Schizolaena isaloensis is known only from the south central regions of Ihorombe and Atsimo-Andrefana, specifically withinGoodman, S. M., Raherilalao, M. J. & Wohlhauser, S. (eds.). 2018. Les aires protégées terrestres de Madagascar : Leur histoire, description et biote / The terrestrial protected areas of Madagascar: Their history, description, and biota. Association Vahatra, Antananarivo. and just beyond the southern limit of Isalo National Park and near the RN7 road.

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapThe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Achillea ptarmica has loose clusters of showy white, flower heads that bloom from June to August. Its dark green leaves have finely toothed margins. Like many other plants, the sneezewort's pattern of development displays the Fibonacci sequence. The name ptarmica comes from the Greek word ptairo (=sneeze) and means 'causes sneezing'.

A satellite image of the island. The island of Great Britain, along with the rest of the archipelago known as the British Isles, has a largely temperate climate. It contains a relatively small fraction of the world's wildlife. The biota was severely diminished in the last Ice Age, and shortly (in geological terms) thereafter was separated from the continent by the English Channel's formation.

Urbanization changes species conformation in a habitat, and it can be a driving force in homogenization. Homogenization can result from either anthropomorphic or natural pressures. Many cases of species introductions are the result of either unintentional or intentional introduction of species by humans, be it for the pet trade, recreation, or agriculture. Urbanization can also have profound impacts on biota, leading to changes in assemblages.

The restoration of the wetlands considered the chemical, physical, and hydrological processes that are present in healthy stream and floodplain ecosystems. Among these features is micro-topography; small variations in ground elevation that create a diversity of habitat for biota. Using reference sites in the Puget Sound Lowlands, the design for stream channel morphology was created. This design would facilitate the biogeochemical exchanges between land and water.

Place of publication not identified: Routledge, 2016. Past aspects of land use, food production, tool use, and occupation patterns can all be established and the knowledge applied to current and future human-environment interactions. Through predation, agriculture, and introduction of foreign biota into new environments, humans have altered past environments. Understanding these past processes can help us pursue conservation and restorative processes in the present.

The Contagem Biological Reserve was created on 13 December 2002. It is classed as IUCN protected area category Ia (strict nature reserve), which has the purpose of fully preserving biota and other natural attributes without direct human interference. Specifically it was created to preserve the cerrado fragments and water resources in the unit. The reserve is administered by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation.

Rubus argutus is a North American species of prickly bramble in the rose family. It is a perennial native to the eastern and south-central United States from Florida to Texas, Missouri, Illinois, and Maine.County distribution map. Biota of North America Program 2014 Common names are sawtooth blackberry or tall blackberry because of its habit of growing up to 2 meters (80 inches) in height.

Koanophyllon villosum, the Florida Keys thoroughwort,, or abre camino, is a species of flowering plant in the sunflower family. It grows in southern Florida, Cuba, the Bahamas, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and the Islas de la Bahía (part of Honduras).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapNelson, C. & G. R. Proctor. 1994. Vascular plants of the Caribbean Swan Islands of Honduras. Brenesia 41–42: 73–80.

Rubus rossbergianus is an uncommon North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It grows in northeastern United States (Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBlanchard, William Henry 1907. Rhodora 9(97): 7–8 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus fraternalis is an uncommon North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It has been found in Québec and in the northeastern United States (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1925. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 1(5): 262 Brainerd, Ezra, & Peitersen, A. K. 1920.

Rubus arenicola, the sanddwelling dewberry, is an uncommon North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is found in eastern Canada (Nova Scotia) and the northeastern United States (New York, Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBlanchard, William Henry. 1906. Rhodora 8(92): 151–152Go Botany, New England Wildflower Society, Rubus arenicola Blanch.

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapViltbraam. Serie Candicantes (Lees) Focke - Rubus Nederland description in Dutch, color photos, Netherlands distribution map The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species. There are many rare species with limited ranges such as this. Further study is suggested to clarify the taxonomy.

Mining vista New Caledonia comprises fragments of the continental crust of Gondwana, dating to over one hundred million years ago (MYA), as well as volcanic material. The fragments apparently split from the Indo-Australian tectonic plate. Prevailing opinion holds that the archipelago represents the non-submerged regions of the continental fragment known as Zealandia.Heads, Michael. "Biogeographical affinities of the New Caledonian biota: a puzzle with 24 pieces".

Rubus multispinus is uncommon North American species of brambles in the rose family. It grows in the northeastern United States (Maine, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Connecticut).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBlanchard, William Henry 1907. Torreya 7(1): 7–8 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

His synthesis of field studies with the abstract formalism of physical chemistry set down the generic mathematical relationship that connects the observed properties of soil with the independent factors that determine the process of soil formation: s = f(cl, o, r, p, t, ...) where s - soil properties; cl - regional climate; o - potential biota, r - relief; p - parent material; t - time. Jenny left the ellipsis open to indicate that there might be other variables in the function. In The Soil Resource, Origin and Behaviour (1980), Jenny redefined the soil forming factors as state variables and extended the effects to ecosystem properties. Parent material and relief define the initial state for soil development, regional climate, and potential biota determine the rate at which chemical and biological transformations proceed, and time determines the reach of these processes, and their expression in ecosystem, soil, vegetation, and animal component properties.

During the Ediacaran period, two main groups of organisms are found in the fossil record: the "Ediacara biota" of soft-bodied organisms, preserved by microbial mats; and calcifying organisms such as Cloudina and Namacalathus, which had a carbonate skeleton. Because both these groups disappear abruptly at the end of the Ediacaran period, , their disappearance cannot simply represent the closure of a preservational window, as had previously been suspected.

Similar materials in the comets could support biomass and populations about one hundred times larger. Solar energy can sustain these populations for the predicted further five billion years of the Sun. These considerations yield a maximum time-integrated BIOTA of 3e30 kg-years in the Solar System. After the Sun becomes a white dwarf star, and other white dwarf stars, can provide energy for life much longer, for trillions of eons.

The Theory of Island Biogeography is a 1967 book by the ecologist Robert MacArthur and the biologist Edward O. Wilson. It is widely regarded as a seminal piece in island biogeography and ecology. The Princeton University Press reprinted the book in 2001 as a part of the "Princeton Landmarks in Biology" series. The book popularized the theory that insular biota maintain a dynamic equilibrium between immigration and extinction rates.

Baccharis halimifolia is a North American species of shrubs in the daisy family. It is native to Nova Scotia, the eastern and southern United States (from Massachusetts south to Florida and west to Texas and Oklahoma),Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map eastern Mexico (Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Quintana Roo),Sousa Sánchez, M. & E. F. Cabrera Cano. 1983. Flora de Quintana Roo. Listados Floríst.

The formations that yield the fossils of the Yanliao Biota are known as Lagerstätte, meaning that they have exceptionally good conditions for fossil preservation. The fossils are not only numerous, but also very well preserved. For vertebrates, there are often whole skeletons with soft tissues like skin and fur, colour patterns, and stomach contents. Insects are intact with wings and patterns preserved, and plants have their leaves and flowers still attached.

Though widely known as flora or microflora, this is a misnomer in technical terms, since the word root flora pertains to plants, and biota refers to the total collection of organisms in a particular ecosystem. Recently, the more appropriate term microbiota is applied, though its use has not eclipsed the entrenched use and recognition of flora with regard to bacteria and other microorganisms. Both terms are being used in different literature.

The Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge is a major koa forest reserve on Mauna Kea's windward slope. It was established in 1985, covering of ecosystem remnant. Eight endangered bird species, twelve endangered plants, and the endangered Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) have been observed in the area, in addition to many other rare biota. The reserve has been the site of an extensive replanting campaign since 1989.

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Erigeron coulteri is a perennial herb reaching maximum heights of 20-70 centimeters (8-28 inches). It has an erect stem which may have a few branches or none. There are leaves on its stem as well as at its base. The long leaves are somewhat lance-shaped to more rounded, and sometimes have a few teeth along the edges.

The Jiufotang Formation (Chinese: 九佛堂组, pinyin: jiǔfótáng zǔ) is an Early Cretaceous geological formation in Chaoyang, Liaoning which has yielded fossils of feathered dinosaurs, primitive birds, pterosaurs, and other organisms (see Jehol Biota). It is a member of the Jehol group. The exact age of the Jiufotang has been debated for years, with estimates ranging from the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. He et al.

Gaylussacia mosieri, the hirsute huckleberry or woolly huckleberry, is a plant species native to the coastal plains of the southeastern United States (Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Gaylussacia mosieri is a shrub up to 150 cm (5 feet) tall, sometimes forming small colonies. Shoots are covered with reddish hairs. Flowers are in groups of 4–8, white, or pink.

Gaylussacia ursina, the bear huckleberry, is a plant species native to the coastal plains of the southeastern United States, in the southern Appalachians of (Georgia, Tennessee, and the Carolinas).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Gaylussacia ursina is a shrub up to 200 cm (80 inches) tall, sometimes forming huge colonies. Flowers are in groups of 4–6, greenish- white. Fruits are black, sweet and juicy.

Xyris baldwiniana, common name Baldwin's yelloweyed grass, is a North American species of flowering plant in the yellow-eyed-grass family. It is native to southern Mexico (Chiapas), Central America (Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua), and the southeastern and south-central United States (from Texas to North Carolina).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapKral, R. 2001. Xyridaceae. En: Stevens, W.D., C. Ulloa, A. Pool & O.M. Montiel (eds.).

The outcrop is a good documentation of a particularly complete fauna and flora of the Lower Jurassic which is not exactly common in the Southern Alps. The Osteno outcrop, part of the formation, is worldwide known due to the exceptional preservation of mostly marine biota, including rare fossilized components, helping to understand the ecosystems of the local Sinemurian margin of the Monte Generoso Basin.Tang, C. M. (2002). Osteno: Jurassic Preservation.

The genus was named after Reg Sprigg who discovered the fossils of the Ediacara Hills—part of the Flinders Ranges in South Australia—and was a proponent of their recognition as multicellular organisms. Spriggina floundersi is at present the only generally accepted species in this genus. The specific name "floundersi" refers to amateur South Australian fossil hunter Ben Flounders.Vickers-Rich, P. Komarower, P. The Rise and Fall of the Ediacaran Biota.

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapCalflora taxon report, University of California, Ericameria ophitidis (J.Howell) G.Nesom, serpentine goldenbush Ericameria ophitidis is a shrub up to 30 cm (12 inches or 1 foot) tall. It has narrow, linear leaves up to 15 mm (0.6 inches) long. Flower heads are yellow, solitary or in flat- topped arrays, each head with 5 or 6 disc florets but no ray florets.

Were it not for human intervention, the sea might have grown to the size of prehistoric Lake Cahuilla. Today the former lake bed forms the fertile regions of the Imperial and Coachella Valleys. The Algodones Dunes were formed from sand deposited by Lake Cahuilla, which was transported by wind toward the area. During its existence, the lake supported a rich biota with fish, bivalves and vegetation on its shorelines.

Phosphatised soft tissues in non-avian maniraptoran dinosaurs and a basal bird. Beipiaosaurus in b and g In 2018, McNamara and colleagues discovered the fossilised remains of skin flakes from numerous feathered dinosaurs from the Jehol Biota and some bird species using scanning electron microscope on the preserved feather impressions. The analyzed fossil taxa consisted of Confuciusornis, Beipiaosaurus, Microraptor and Sinornithosaurus. For Beipiaosaurus, the specimen STM 31-1 was analyzed.

Simplified schematic of an island's fauna – all its animal species, highlighted in boxes Fauna is all of the animal life present in a particular region or time. The corresponding term for plants is flora. Flora, fauna and other forms of life such as fungi are collectively referred to as biota. Zoologists and paleontologists use fauna to refer to a typical collection of animals found in a specific time or place, e.g.

The Yixian Formation represents the second of three major faunal phases that characterize the Jehol Biota, mainly based on changes in invertebrate diversity. In the Yixian, ostracods (seed shrimp) had diversified considerably, despite a very low diversity in the earlier Dabeigou Formation. Other major invertebrate groups in the Yixian include clam shrimp and insects. Insects, as a group, experienced their largest diversification of the entire Mesozoic era in the Yixian.

Estimating the extent of mire land cover worldwide is difficult due to the varying accuracy and methodologies of land surveys from many countries. However, mires occur wherever conditions are right for peat accumulation: largely where organic matter is constantly waterlogged. The distribution of mires therefore depends on topography, climate, parent material, biota and time. The type of mire - bog, fen or swamp - depends also on each of these factors.

Louisiana is the only U.S. state with political subdivisions termed parishes, which are equivalent to counties. The state's capital is Baton Rouge, and its largest city is New Orleans. Much of the state's lands were formed from sediment washed down the Mississippi River, leaving enormous deltas and vast areas of coastal marsh and swamp. These contain a rich southern biota; typical examples include birds such as ibis and egrets.

Dissolved stream solutes can be considered either reactive or conservative. Reactive solutes are readily biologically assimilated by the autotrophic and heterotrophic biota of the stream; examples can include inorganic nitrogen species such as nitrate or ammonium, some forms of phosphorus (e.g., soluble reactive phosphorus), and silica. Other solutes can be considered conservative, which indicates that the solute is not taken up and used biologically; chloride is often considered a conservative solute.

Lighthouse Point Shell Ring (38CH12), also known as Parrot's Point Shell Ring, is a historic mound located on James Island, Charleston County, South Carolina. It is one of 20 or more prehistoric shell rings located from the central coast of South Carolina to the central coast of Georgia. The midden contains a diverse array of biota. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

Bursa rhodostoma, common name the wine-mouth frog shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Bursidae, the frog shells. Bursa rhodostoma thomae (d’Orbigny, 1847) is a recognized subspecies.Rosenberg, G., F. Moretzsohn, and E. F. García. 2009. Gastropoda (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 579–699 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity.

In 1967, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources planted Chinook in Lake Michigan and Lake Huron to control the alewife, an invasive species of nuisance fish from the Atlantic Ocean. In the 1960s, alewives constituted 90% of the biota in these lakes. Coho salmon had been introduced the year before, and the program was a success. Chinook and Coho salmon thrived on the alewives and spawned in the lakes' tributaries.

2C-B is an entactogen commonly used at public places, like rave parties. Entheogens used by movements includes biota like peyote (Native American Church), extracts like ayahuasca (Santo Daime, União do Vegetal), the semi-synthetic drug LSD (Neo-American Church), and synthetic drugs like DPT (Temple of the True Inner Light) and 2C-B (Sangoma). Both Santo Daime and União do Vegetal now have members and churches throughout the world.

Ercaicunia is genus of Cambrian arthropod known for being a member of the Chengjiang biota, containing the single species E. multinodosa. It was described by Luo et al in 1999.H.L. Luo, S.X. Hu, L.Z. Chen, S.S. Zhang, Y.H. Tao Early Cambrian Chengjiang Fauna from Kunming Region, China Yunnan Sci. Technol. Press, Kunming (1999) (In Chinese) Specimens were CT scanned in 2019, which revealed it to be a stem-group crustacean.

The period marked a steep change in the diversity and composition of Earth's biosphere. The Ediacaran biota suffered a mass extinction at the start of the Cambrian Period, which corresponded with an increase in the abundance and complexity of burrowing behaviour. This behaviour had a profound and irreversible effect on the substrate which transformed the seabed ecosystems. Before the Cambrian, the sea floor was covered by microbial mats.

Mary Julia Wade (3 February 1928 - 14 September 2005) was an Australian palaeontologist, known for her role as the Deputy Director of the Queensland Museum. Some of her most renowned work was on the Precambrian Ediacaran Biota in South Australia. Wade was born in Adelaide, South Australia and spent her early life on a property in the northeast of the state. She lived the typical country girl's life, it is said.

Reginald Claude Sprigg, (1 March 1919 – 2 December 1994) was an Australian geologist and conservationist. At 17 he became the youngest Fellow of the Royal Society of South Australia. During 1946, in the Ediacara Hills, South Australia he discovered the Ediacara biota, an assemblage of some of the most ancient animal fossils known. He was involved with oceanographic research and petroleum exploration by various companies that he initiated.

Helenium quadridentatum is a North American plant in the sunflower family, commonly known as Longdisk sneezeweed. It is found in the southeastern and south-central United States (Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Oklahoma)Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map as well as Mexico (from Tamaulipas to Yucatán), Cuba, Guatemala, and Belize.Balick, M. J., M. H. Nee & D.E. Atha. 2000. Checklist of the vascular plants of Belize.

Helenium pinnatifidum is a North American perennial plant in the Sunflower Family, commonly known as Southeastern sneezeweed. It is found in the southeaster United States (Alabama, Georgia, Florida, and the Carolinas).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Helenium pinnatifidum is an perennial herb up to tall, with small wings running down the sides of the stems. Leaves are pinnatifid, meaning deeply divided into many small parts.

Gaillardia multiceps, the onion blanketflower, is a North American species of flowering plant in the sunflower family. It is native to the southwestern United States (Arizona, New Mexico, western Texas).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Gaillardia multiceps grows in gypseous soils, including sand dunes. It is an perennial herb or subshrub up to tall, with leaves on the stem rather than clustered around the base.

Mollisonia is a genus of epifaunal detritivorous arthropod. Species are known from the Cambrian Burgess Shale, Langston Formation and Wheeler Shale of North America, as well and the Chenjiang Biota of China. Remains attributed to the genus are also known from the Ordovician Fezouata Formation of Morocco and Greenland. An observation published in 2019 suggest this genus is a basal chelicerate, closer to crown group chelicerata than members of Habeliida.

Conservation biology recognizes different types of land management processes, each attempting to maintain the landscape and biota in their present form. Restoration ecology restores sites to former function, structure, and components of biological diversity through active modification of the landscapes. Reclamation deals with shifting a degraded ecosystem back toward a higher value or use, but not necessarily to its original state. Replacement of an ecosystem would create an entirely new one.

Platanthera stricta is a species of orchid known by the common name slender bog orchid. It is native to western North America from Alaska and Yukon south to Utah and northern California.Flora of North America, v 26 p 560, Platanthera stricta Biota of North America Program, county distribution map Platanthera stricta grows in wet areas, such as shady forest meadows. It produces a slender, erect flowering stem up to about tall.

Born in Welshpool, Tisdale was educated at Trefnanney School and Welshpool Comprehensive, before attending Guildford University. Tisdale spent 33 years as a researcher at the Wellcome Research Laboratories, GlaxoWellcome and GlaxoSmithKline, where she eventually became head of clinical virology. She was an expert in HIV drug resistance and in optimising antiretroviral therapy. Tisdale headed the development of the influenza neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir, which Glaxo licensed from Biota in 1990.

Most of the areas threatened and impacted by the spill were sheltered lagoons, biota-rich intertidal zones, and beach dunes, which are all habitats for many species. Several historic locations were also threatened and impacted by the oil, some of them being pre-Columbian ruins, historic walls and bridges, and Spanish era forts. The vast majority of all of these affected areas were located on the north shore of Puerto Rico.

The primary rock of the Long Mynd is sandstone, usually coloured purple or grey. The volcanoes created the nearby Stretton Hills and the Wrekin, and eruptions would have been frequent. There are layers in the rocks of the Long Mynd that were previously described as raindrop marks. Unpublished research, including electron micrographs, by the now deceased Professor Martin Brasier, showed that these are actually ichnofossils created by an unknown Ediacaran biota.

Hogan believes that loss of the Rapa Nui palm along with other biota contributed to the collapse of society on Easter Island.C. Michael Hogan. 2008 Dransfield suggests that the trees became extinct as they were cut down for the edible palm hearts as food supplies ran out for an island overpopulated by humans. It is also likely that many palms were cut down to build canoes for fishing.

Finally there is open water, above the substrate and clear of the sessile biota, where the organisms must drift or swim. Mixed habitats are also frequently found, which are a combination of those mentioned above. Rocky shores and reefs There are rocky reefs and mixed rocky and sandy bottoms. For many marine organisms the substrate is another type of marine organism, and it is common for several layers to co-exist.

Meridiosaurus is an extinct genus of mesoeucrocodylian that is a possible member of the family Pholidosauridae.Page 135; Origins and evolution of the Antarctic biota By J. Alistair Crame, Geological Society of London, 1989. / Remains have been found in the Late Jurassic Tacuarembó Formation in Tacuarembó, Uruguay. The genus was described in 1980 on the basis of a partial rostrum that included the premaxillae and most of the maxillae.

It has been found in eastern Canada (Nunavut, Ontario, Quebec, Labrador, Newfoundland, all 3 Maritime Provinces) and the United States (from New England south as far as North Carolina, and west to Minnesota, Iowa, and Tennessee).Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map The plant grows to 6 feet (180 cm) tall. The erect, branching stem is purple, smooth, hollow, and sturdy. The leaves are divided into segments.

Five species are currently accepted as of May 2014:Biota of North America Program, genus Calopogon #Calopogon barbatus (Walter) Ames – from Louisiana to North Carolina #Calopogon multiflorus Lindl. – from Louisiana to North Carolina #Calopogon oklahomensis D.H.Goldman – Mississippi Valley, west to Texas and Oklahoma, east to Georgia #Calopogon pallidus Chapm. – from Louisiana to Virginia #Calopogon tuberosus (L.) Britton ##Calopogon tuberosus var. simpsonii (Small) Magrath – southern Florida ##Calopogon tuberosus var.

Fritillaria falcata is a species of fritillary known by the common name talus fritillary. It is endemic to California, known only from 5 counties south and east of San Francisco Bay (Monterey, San Benito, Stanislaus, Alameda and Santa Clara).Biota of North America Program It grows in the Coast Ranges at elevations of 300–1200 m, mostly on serpentine talus. It is sometimes considered a subspecies of Fritillaria atropurpurea.

L. Nesom) G. L. Nesom, Klamath fleabane Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapNesom, Guy L. 1992. Phytologia 72(3): 175-177 diagnosis in Latin, commentary in English, distribution map on page 176, as Erigeron breweri var. klamathensis It is a perennial herb up to 20 cm (8 inches) tall, producing a woody taproot. The stem is covered with stiff, straight hairs, unlike some related species.

Erigeron pallens is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name pale fleabane. It is native to the Rocky Mountains of western Canada (Alberta + British Columbia).Biota of North America Program 2014 state- level distribution map There are some reports of the species in arctic regions but these populations have been reclassified under other species.Flora of North America Erigeron pallens Cronquist, 1947.

Other feathered dinosaurs of the Jehol Biota include the large compsognathid Sinocalliopteryx gigas, a specimen of which was discovered with Confuciusornis bones in its abdominal contents, the small herbivorous oviraptorosaur Caudipteryx, and the large tyrannosauroid Yutyrannus. Jehol birds are represented by more than 20 genera, including basal birds (such as Confucisornis, Jeholornis, and Sapeornis), enantiornithes (such as Eoenantiornis, Longirostravis, Sinornis, Boluochia, and Longipteryx), and ornithurines (such as Liaoningornis, Yixianornis, and Yanornis).

The plant species is native to northwestern California and southwestern Oregon, in the Klamath Mountains. It is reported from only 5 counties: Shasta and Siskiyou Counties in California; and Josephine, Douglas and Jackson Counties in Oregon.BONAP's (Biota of North America Program) North American Plant Atlas The Type specimen was collected in 1904 near Grants Pass in Josephine County, Oregon. Part of its range is protected within the Klamath National Forest.

Chloracantha is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the aster family, containing the single species Chloracantha spinosa. It is distributed in the southwestern and south-central United States (CA NV AZ UT NM TX OK LA),Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map most of Mexico, and much of Central America. Its English language common names include spiny chloracantha, spiny aster, devilweed aster, and Mexican devilweed.Chloracantha spinosa.

Flora of North America, Euchiton gymnocephalus (de Candolle) Holub, 1974. Creeping-cudweed Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapCalflora taxon report, University of California, Euchiton gymnocephalus (DC.) Anderb., creeping cudweed Euchiton collinus is a biennial or perennial herb up to tall, spreading by means of stolons and rhizomes. Leaves form a basal rosette surrounding the base of the stem and also individually farther up the stem.

Ribes laxiflorum is a species of currant known by the common names trailing black currant, and spreading currant. It is native to western North America from Alaska and Yukon south as far as northern California and New Mexico;Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map it has also been found in Siberia. Its habitat includes moist mountain forests, open clearings, streambanks, and the borders of mountain roads.

Biota of North America 2014 county distribution map Antennaria flagellaris is a petite perennial herb forming a thin patch on the ground no more than 2 centimeters high. It grows from a slender caudex and spreads via thin, wiry, cobwebby stolons. The woolly grayish leaves are one to two centimeters long and generally lance-shaped. The tiny inflorescence holds a single flower head less than a centimeter wide.

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Antennaria dimorpha is a small mat-forming perennial herb growing in a flat patch from a thick, branching caudex. The spoon-shaped leaves are up to about a centimeter long and green but coated with long, gray hairs. The erect inflorescences are only a few centimeters tall. Each holds a single flower head lined with dark brown and green patched phyllaries.

The type locality of Felimare picta is Palermo, Sicily. Felimare picta lives on rocky seabeds throughout the Mediterranean Sea (Greece), European waters (Spain, Portugal), the Eastern North Atlantic Ocean (Azores, Canary Islands) and the Gulf of Mexico.Rosenberg, G., F. Moretzsohn, and E. F. García. 2009. Gastropoda (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 579–699 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity.

It is an emergent plant growing in ponds, marshes, stream banks, etc., including in brackish water along the coast.Flora of North America, Schoenoplectus etuberculatusBONAP (Biota of North America Project) 2014 county distribution map, Schoenoplectus etuberculatus Schoenoplectus etuberculatus is a mat-forming perennial herb spreading by means of underground rhizomes. Culms are up to 2 m (80 inches) tall, triagonal in cross-section. Leaves are up to 20 cm (8 inches) long.

Tetraneuris scaposa (common names stemmy four-nerve daisy and stemmy hymenoxys) is a North American species of plants in the sunflower family. It grows in the southwestern and south-central United States (Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Colorado) and northern Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapTurner, B. L. 2013. The comps of Mexico.

Deeringia mirabilis is a plant species published in 2005Taxon 54(3): 686, pl. 2. 2005. It is in the family Amaranthaceae and is endemic to Madagascar. It has only been documented Isalo National Park and Zombitse-Vohibasia National ParkGoodman, S. M., Raherilalao, M. J. & Wohlhauser, S. (eds.). 2018. Les aires protégées terrestres de Madagascar : Leur histoire, description et biote / The terrestrial protected areas of Madagascar: Their history, description, and biota.

The rocks were deposited in shallow seas, in the photic zone yet below storm wave base, yet were deposited in predominantly anoxic conditions. The fossils are located on the bedding planes, and are randomly oriented. The lowest part of the formation consists of a cap dolomite, marking the end of the Marinoan glaciation and start of the Ediacaran. Above this is black shale containing the Lantian biota fossils.

Marine life partially rediversified during the cold period and a new cold-water ecosystem, the "Hirnantia biota", was established. The second pulse of extinction occurred in the later half of the Hirnantian as the glaciation abruptly recedes and warm conditions return. The second pulse is associated with intense worldwide anoxia (oxygen depletion) and euxinia (toxic sulfide production), which persist into the subsequent Rhuddanian stage of the Silurian Period.

Volcanoes can supply cooling sulfur aerosols to the atmosphere or deposit basalt flows which accelerate carbon sequestration in a tropical environment. Increased burial of organic carbon is another method of drawing down carbon dioxide from the air.Two environmental changes associated with the glaciation were responsible for much of the Late Ordovician extinction. First, the cooling global climate was probably especially detrimental because the biota were adapted to an intense greenhouse.

The distribution of Discodoris branneri includes Florida, Texas, Costa Rica, Honduras, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Barbados, Martinique, St. Lucia, Guadeloupe, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Brazil.Rosenberg, G., F. Moretzsohn, and E. F. García. 2009. Gastropoda (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 579–699 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M; Press, College Station, Texas.

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapCalflora taxon report, University of California @ Berkeley Vitis girdiana is a woody vine with a coating of woolly hairs, especially on new growth. The woolly leaves are heart-shaped to kidney-shaped with toothed edges and sometimes shallow lobes. The inflorescence is a panicle of unisexual flowers. The fruit is a spherical black grape usually not more than 8 millimeters wide.

Soil biology is the study of microbial and faunal activity in the soil. This photo shows the activity of both. Soil biology is the study of microbial and faunal activity and ecology in soil. Soil life, soil biota, soil fauna, or edaphon is a collective term that encompasses all organisms that spend a significant portion of their life cycle within a soil profile, or at the soil- litter interface.

Urokodia aequalis is an extinct genus of arthropod from the early Cambrian. The taxon is only known from the Maotianshan Shales of China based on some 15 specimens . It segmentation resembles that of a millipede and it possessed head and tail shields with thorny spikes. It has some similarities to the arthropod Mollisonia that is known from both the Burgess Shale of Canada and the Kaili biota of China.

Susanne Lewis is a German American musician, songwriter and artist. She is a solo-artist and a founder or collaborator of a number of bands and music projects. She has a band with Bob Drake called Hail, and she also releases music under her own name. She was a member of the band Thinking Plague and has guested on albums by 5uu's (Hunger's Teeth, 1994) and Biota (Object Holder, 1995).

When humanity sent generation ships to colonize the planet Mirabile, the cargo included seed banks and cryopreserved embryos of every Earth species the colonists might need, genetically engineered to produce more Earth species on cue. However, many of the instructions were lost en route, and decades after arrival, the genetically-engineered fauna and flora are still causing problems — both by themselves, and in conflicts with native Mirabilan biota.

The Francevillian biota fossils, dated to 2.1 Ga, are the earliest known fossil organisms that are clearly multicellular. They may have had differentiated cells. Another early multicellular fossil, Qingshania, dated to 1.7 Ga, appears to consist of virtually identical cells. The red algae called Bangiomorpha, dated at 1.2 Ga, is the earliest known organism that certainly has differentiated, specialized cells, and is also the oldest known sexually reproducing organism.

Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution mapBromeliaceae of the United States (excluding Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands) retrieved 30 October 2009 Some reports indicate that it may formerly have existed also in Central America, but is now apparently extinct there.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families The name is not considered to be validly published because its initial 1985 coinage was not accompanied by a Latin description.

Rubus kennedyanus is a rare North American species of brambles in the rose family. It is found in eastern Canada (Québec and Newfoundland) and in the north-central United States (Minnesota, Michigan, Wisconsin).Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map Rubus kennedyanus is a bristly shrub. Leaves are compound with 3 or 5 egg-shaped leaflets, each leaflet with a distinctive long, narrow tip at the end.

"On the horizon of Protopteryx and the early vertebrate fossil assemblages of the Jehol Biota." Chinese Science Bulletin, 53(18): 2820-2827. Yanoconodon was a eutriconodont, a group composing most taxa once classified as "triconodonts" which lived during the time of the dinosaurs. These were a highly ecologically diverse group, including large sized taxa such as Repenomamus that were able to eat small dinosaurs,Hu, Y., Meng, J., Wang, Y. & Li, C. (2005).

Scientists have visited the chain on various occasions to survey the geologic makeup and biota of the region. The chain is part of the Great Meteor hotspot track and was formed by the movement of the North American Plate over the New England hotspot. The oldest volcanoes that were formed by the same hotspot are northwest of Hudson Bay, Canada. Part of the seamount chain is protected by Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument.

There has been a broad scope of studies performed on the BDFFP site focusing on many elements of fragmentation effects on organisms and habitat conditions. Subjects from a range of biota are studied, including trees and other flora, microorganisms, and a variety vertebrate and invertebrates. Soil chemistry and development, as well as human and environmental factors in fragments have also been researched. Some notable studies performed on the BDFFP site are summarized below.

The Grande Coupure within the Bouldnor Formation can be characterized by the enclosed biota as follows: In the Upper Hamstead Member 16 new taxa appear for the first time and 11 disappear. Within the pre-Grand Coupure Lower Hamstead Member only 5 new appearances were registered, mainly European rodents like Butselia. Amongst the 16 newcomers at the Grande Coupure are 10 immigrant species from Asia. Noticeable is also a concurrent general reduction in diversity.

The highest point is Jabal Umm al Dami, at above sea level, while the lowest is the Dead Sea , the lowest land point on earth.The Dead Sea is the lowest point and the saltiest water body on earth. Jordan has a diverse range of habitats, ecosystems and biota due to its varied landscapes and environments. The Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature was set up in 1966 to protect and manage Jordan's natural resources.

The plant is native to: North America across Canada, the eastern and central United States, the Great Plains, and in Alaska; the Caribbean on Cuba, Hispaniola, and Jamaica; and South America in the southern bioregion (Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay), the western bioregion (Bolivia, Peru), and Brazil.Bonap.net: Biota of North America Program county distribution map (2014)Hokche, O., P. E. Berry & O. Huber. (eds.) 2008. Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela 1–859.

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map, Prionopsis ciliata Grindelia ciliata grows in prairies and grasslands, and in disturbed areas such as roadsides and along railroad tracks. Grindelia ciliata is an annual or biennial shrub sometimes as much as 150 cm (5 feet) tall, its upper stem branching. It is hairless. The leaves are alternately arranged, up to 8 cm (3.2 inches) long, their spiny- toothed blades longer than wide.

Ribes curvatum is a North American species of currant known by the common names granite gooseberry and Georgia gooseberry. It is native to the southeastern and south-central United States (Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Arkansas, Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama).Biota of North America Program, 2014 county distribution map Ribes curvatum is a shrub up to 3 meters (10 feet) tall, with white flowers and green or reddish-purple berries.Flora of North America, Ribes curvatum Small, 1896.

Eupatorium lancifolium, commonly called lanceleaf thoroughwort, is a North American herbaceous perennial plant in the sunflower family native to the south-central United States (Mississippi, Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana and Texas).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map It is related to Eupatorium semiserratum and has sometimes been considered to be part of that species, but can be distinguished by the size and color of the leaves and because it grows in wetter areas.

Flora of North America v 26 p 261.BONAP (Biota of North America Program) floristic synthesis, Allium dictuon Allium dictuon grows from bulbs connected by rhizomes. It produces two or three leaves each up to 28 centimeters in length. The scape is 20 to 40 centimeters tall and bears an umbel of up to 25 flowers. The bell-shaped flowers are bright pink or purplish and each is 1.1 to 1.6 centimeters long.

Ericameria teretifolia, known by the common name green rabbitbrush, is a North American species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It is native to southern and eastern California, southern Nevada, and northwestern Arizona in the southwestern United States.Calflora taxon report, University of California, Ericameria teretifolia (Durand & Hilg.) Jeps., green rabbitbrush Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Ericameria teretifolia is a shrub up to 150 cm (5 feet) tall.

Zanamivir is a medication used to treat and prevent influenza caused by influenza A and B viruses. It is a neuraminidase inhibitor and was developed by the Australian biotech firm Biota Holdings. It was licensed to Glaxo in 1990 and approved in the US in 1999, only for use as a treatment for influenza. In 2006, it was approved for prevention of influenza A and B. Zanamivir was the first neuraminidase inhibitor commercially developed.

Most vertebrates showed a tendency to climb trees or become arboreal, including many tree-dwelling birds, and climbing mammals and lizards. Plant life reached its Jehol biota peak in the Yixian. Five species of flowering plant were present (three of Archaefructus, one of Archaeamphora and one of Hyrcantha (formerly Sinocarpus), as were a variety of horsetails that closely resembled modern species. It is possible that increasing animal and plant diversity were linked.

Sagittaria demersa, commonly called Chihuahuan arrowhead, is an aquatic plant species native to north-central Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango. Hidalgo, Aguascalientes, Jalisco and Querétaro) and also from a few sites in the northern part of the US State of New Mexico (Mora and Colfax Counties).Biota of North American Program, Sagittaria demersaSessé y Lacasta, Martín & Mociño, José Mariano. 1894. Flora Mexicana, Edition 2, Sagittaria triquetra Sagittaria demersa is an annual herb up to 60 cm tall.

Sagittaria papillosa, the nipplebract arrowhead, is a plant species native to the south-central United States (Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Arkansas and Mississippi).Biota of North America Program, Sagittaria papillosa Sagittaria papillosa grows in wet places such as marshes and the banks of lakes and slow- moving streams. It is a perennial herb up to 120 cm tall. Petioles are triangular in cross-section, the leaf blade very narrowly elliptical to ovate, not lobed.

Nak Pulau is a tiny island in a rainforest enclave, situated in the community of Bukit Udal near Tutong, Brunei, Borneo. The forest contains many Borneoan biota, including Nepenthes ampullaria and gracilis, kalulut beetles, kalim panas tree, Aquilaria agallocha (highly prized for its scented wood, now very rare), and the unusual buttressed Shorea (known in India as "Sal"). It is said that Gautama Buddha was born under the branches of a Shorea tree.

Fine wisps of organic material have been observed in thin section of Arumberia cut perpendicular to bedding planes, further suggesting that Arumberia was a living organism. Recent work describes Arumberia as the fossilized remains of highly organized shallow marine microbial colonies;Kolesnikov A.V., Marusin V.V., Nagovitsin K.E., Maslov A.V. & Grazhdankin D.V.(2015). – Ediacaran biota in the aftermath of the Kotlinian Crisis: Asha Group of the South Urals. – Precambrian Research, 263, 59-78.

Arnica sororia is a North American species of arnica known by the common name twin arnica.Calflora taxon report, University of California, Arnica sororia E. Greene, twin arnica It is native to western Canada (British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan) and the western United States (Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, Utah, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, South Dakota).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map It grows in grasslands and in conifer forests.Flora of North America Vol.

As of January 2009, the ORSANCO Educational Foundation has changed its name to the Foundation for Ohio River Education (FORE), which is primarily operated from the P.A.Denny River Education Center, currently docking in Covington, Kentucky. Classes offered on board include Land Use and Watersheds, Water Chemistry, Aquatic Biota, and Ecological Impacts for the high school and college cruises. For elementary and middle school students, Planktomania, Critter Counting (macroinvertebrate identification), Fish Ecology, and Rate Your River.

Longicrusavis (meaning "long shin bird" in Latin) is an extinct genus of basal ornithuromorph bird found only at Dawangzhangzi village in Liaoning Province, China. Longicrusavis was a ground dwelling carvinore, a wader, and part of biological family Hongshanornithidae, considered to have been a dominant species in the Jehol Biota, the prehistoric Chinese ecosystem which supported them. The name Hongshanornithidae represents one of Chinas oldest recorded cultures in the region, the Hongshan culture.

Les aires protégées terrestres de Madagascar : Leur histoire, description et biote / The terrestrial protected areas of Madagascar: Their history, description, and biota. Association Vahatra, Antananarivo. Not only is Sarcolaenaceae a plant family found only in Madagascar, two species within it (Sarcolaena isaloensis and Schizolaena isaloensis) have only been found in Isalo NP. There are also unusual lichens here, including the type specimen and only known location for the narrowly endemic Isalonactis madagascariensis.

Shade-grown coffee is an ecologically and economically important agroecosystem in which coffee plants are grown in the understory of a tree canopy. The shade of the canopy over the coffee shrubs encourages natural ecological processes and species diversity. These shade coffee plantations are in many Latin American countries including Brazil, Mexico, Belize and Guatemala. Shade coffee growers maintain complex coffee agroforests in which they produce coffee and manage the area's biota.

The Xiaowa Formation encompasses several biostratigraphic zones. The Protrachyceras costulatum ammonoid zone of the upper Zhuganpo Formation continues into the first few meters of the Xiaowa Formation's lower member. However, the rest of the lower member (including the Guanling biota) belongs to the Trachyceras multituberculatum ammonoid zone. This unit has also been called the Austrotrachyceras triadicum zone, and is likely equivalent to the T. aon or T. aonoides zone of the western Tethys (Europe).

Donald G. Mikulic has called it "a textbook example of ancient reefs." Also of much significance is the Waukesha Biota, which is a Konservat-Lagerstätte famous for its superbly preserved fossils of strange arthropods, worms, and other organisms not previously recorded from Silurian rocks. Among the Waukesha Biota's fossil organisms seldom preserved in other Silurian occurrences are a possible scorpion, synziphosurines, a cheloniellid, a thylacocephalan, lobopods, a leech and other 'worms,' graptolites, and chordates.

Symphoricarpos longiflorus is a species of flowering plant in the honeysuckle family known by the common names desert snowberry and fragrant snowberry. It is native to the western United States from the Great Basin to western Texas, as well as northwestern Mexico (Sonora, Chihuahua, Baja California).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapSEInet, Southwestern Biodiversity, Arizona chapter photos, description, distribution mapJones, George Neville 1940. A monograph of the genus Symphoricarpos.

Robert Harding Whittaker (December 27, 1920 – October 20, 1980) was an American plant ecologist, active in the 1950s to the 1970s. He was the first to propose the five kingdom taxonomic classification of the world's biota into the Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, and Monera in 1969.Whittaker, Robert H. (1969) "New concepts of kingdoms or organisms. Evolutionary relations are better represented by new classifications than by the traditional two kingdom's in Avantika ".

Artemisia franserioides, the ragweed sagebrush or bursage mugwort, is a North American species of plants in the sunflower family. It is native to the southwestern United States (Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Oklahoma) as well as northern Mexico (Chihuahua).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Artemisia franserioides is a biennial or perennial growing up to 100 cm (40 inches) tall. It is faintly aromatic, with many small, hanging flower heads.

Berlandiera pumila (soft greeneyes) is a North American species of flowering plant in the sunflower family. It is native to the southeastern and south- central United States (Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, and North Carolina).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Berlandiera pumila is a branching herb up to 100 cm (40 inches) tall. It has several flower heads with yellow ray florets and maroon disc florets.

Bahia absinthifolia (hairyseed bahia, desert bahia) is a North American species of flowering plants in the sunflower family. It is native to northern Mexico (Tamaulipas, Nuevo León, Coahuila, Chihuahua, San Luis Potosí, Querétaro, Hidalgo, Durango, Aguascalientes) and the southwestern United States (Arizona New Mexico Texas; populations reported from Utah appear to be introductions).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapTropicos, specimen list for Bahia absinthifolia Benth.Shreve, F. & I. L. Wiggins. 1964.

The State Biological Reserve is a "strict nature reserve" under IUCN protected area category Ia, with a terrestrial area of . With this classification, the objective is to fully protect the biota without direct human interference. The reserve is part of the Atlantic Forest Reserve, declared by UNESCO in 1992. It is also part of the Biodiversity Corridor of the Serra do Mar and of the Carioca Mosaic, which was created on 11 July 2011.

Phytologia Memoirs 16: 1–100 and the southern Great Plains of the United States (Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Gaillardia suavis grows in limestone or sandy soils in prairies, desert scrub, or open juniper woodlands. It is a perennial herb up to tall, with leaves crowded around the base rather than borne on the stem. Each flower head is on its own flower stalk up to long.

Bio geography of Madagascar An alternate hypothesis that these taxa may have originally evolved out-of-India has also been suggested.Karanth, P. 2006 Out-of-India Gondwanan origin of some tropical Asian biota. Current Science 90(6):789-792 Bio geographical quirks exist with some taxa of Malayan origin occurring in Sri Lanka but absent in the Western Ghats. These include insects groups such as the plants such as those of the genus Nepenthes.

Alchichica Lake Lake Alchichica () in Tepeyahualco (municipality), Puebla, is ecologically unique, with stromatolite deposits and a high degree of endemism. The biota has adapted to extreme conditions characterized by high ionic concentrations of water and poor nutrient content. Lake Alchichica is the largest of the maar lakes, lying at an elevation of 2320 meters. It is Mexico's deepest natural lake, with a maximum depth of 64 meters, and a mean depth of 38.6 meters.

In addition, there has been destabilization of "ecosystem after ecosystem, and there is good documentation to suggest fire exclusion by Europeans has led to floral and faunal extinctions." Biological invasions and the spread of pathogens and diseases are two mechanisms that spread both inadvertently and purposefully. Biological invasions begin with introductions of foreign species or biota into an already existing environment. They can be spread by stowaways on ships or even as weapons in warfare.

The Greenbrier enters the Three Rivers Confluence at Hinton where the waters of the Bluestone River, the New River, and the Greenbrier River mix. Hinton hosts a Water Festival every year. Although the Greenbrier flows into the New River at Hinton, New River biota such as the lamprey cannot travel upstream because of Sandstone Falls, the 30th-largest waterfall in the world. This helps preserve the integrity of the Greenbrier's freshwater species.

The joint research by HSBC, Green Radio, Sanggabuana, and Transformasi Hijau during June 2011 discovered that the water of Pesanggrahan river was considered 100 percent polluted, so could not be used for fish farming. The water condition was dirty with oxygen level 3.2 ppm compared to the normal level of 6 ppm. Only two river biota was found, namely snails and worms. Moreovoer, heavy metal pollutants were also detected, including lead, mercury, and hexavalent chromium.

Where organic concentrations are significantly elevated the effects on oxygen concentrations can be significant and as conditions get extreme the river bed may become anoxic. Some organic constituents such as synthetic hormones, pesticides, phthalates have direct metabolic effects on aquatic biota and even on humans drinking water taken from the river. Understanding such constituents and how they can be identified and quantified is becoming of increasing importance in the understanding of freshwater chemistry.

Jeholochelys is an extinct genus of sinemydid turtle that lived during the Early Cretaceous of what is now China. The holotype specimen was discovered in the Jiufotang Formation of Sihedang in Lingyuan, western Liaoning. In 2018, the Chinese palaeontologist Shuai Shao and colleagues named the new genus and species Jeholochelys lingyuanensis based on the specimen. The generic name consists of "Jehol", which refers to the Jehol biota, and "chelys", which is Greek for turtle.

Cranichis muscosa, the cypress-knee helmet orchid, is a species of terrestrial orchid. It is widespread across most of the West Indies, extending into Central America, southern Mexico, northern South America, and southern Florida.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant FamiliesFlora of North America v 26 p 547, Cranichis muscosa Swartz, Prodr. 120. 1788. Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution mapHammel, B.E. & al. (2003). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica 3: 1-884.

Other organisms found in the zone include the gastropod Euomphalopterus, the hyperoartid Jamoytius or the thelodontid Logania. The deposits of the Rootsikula Formation in Saaremaa in which fossils of E. laticauda and E. osiliensis have been found shelter various faunas of eurypterids such as Mixopterus simonsi, Strobilopterus laticeps and Eysyslopterus patteni. Fossil remains of indeterminate osteostracids and thelodontids have also been found."Eurypterid-Associated Biota of the Rootsikula Horizon, Saaremaa, Estonia: Rootsikula, Estonia".

The shape of Swartpuntia resembles other Ediacaran fronds Pteridinium and Charniodiscus, both fronds with alternating segments; the segments' microstructure resembles that of Dickinsonia. This combination of features suggests close relationships between the Ediacaran biota, and lends credence to their membership of a separate phylum (Seilacher's Vendobionta). Mark McMenamin has inferred a photosymbiotic lifestyle for Swartpuntia, and this seems likely considering its shallow water habitat, tree-like shape and lack of apparent heterotrophic feeding structures.

Baccharis brachyphylla is a North American species of shrub in the daisy family, known by the common name shortleaf baccharis or false willow. It is native to the southwestern United States (southern California, southern Nevada, Arizona, southern New Mexico, and western Texas)Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map and northern Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Sonora). It grows in desert habitats such as arroyos and canyons.Shreve, F. & I. L. Wiggins. 1964.

Furthermore, the number of endemics on an island is directly correlated with the relative isolation of the island and its area. In some cases, speciation on islands has occurred rapidly. Dispersal and in situ speciation are the agents that explain the origins of the organisms in Hawaii. Various geographic modes of speciation have been studied extensively in Hawaiian biota, and in particular, angiosperms appear to have speciated predominately in allopatric and parapatric modes.

Evgenavis (named after the Russian paleontologist Evgeny Kurochkin) is a genus of extinct basal bird that lived from the Barremian to the Aptian. The type specimen was an isolated tarsometatarsus found in Ilek Formation (Shestakovo locality), Western Siberia. Evgenavis may have been the only confuciusornithiform known outside the Jehol Biota, although there is also the possibility that it could have been a different type of avialan, such as an enantiornithean or a relative of Vorona.

The systematic position of Hartwrightia floridana. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 20: 287–288.Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map The species is sometimes referred to by the common name Florida hartwrightia. Although superficially similar to some species in Eupatorium, it can be distinguished by having a basal rosette of leaves, flowers of a different shape, and the fruit which lacks the parachute-like pappus found in Eupatorium.

The Mississippian (early Carboniferous Period) began with a spike in atmospheric oxygen, while carbon dioxide plummeted to new lows. This destabilized the climate and led to one, and perhaps two, ice ages during the Carboniferous. These were far more severe than the brief Late Ordovician ice age; but, this time, the effects on world biota were inconsequential. By the Cisuralian Epoch, both oxygen and carbon dioxide had recovered to more normal levels.

Biotic ethics (also called life-centered ethics) is a branch of ethics that values not only species and biospheres, but life itself. On this basis, biotic ethics defines a human purpose to secure and propagate life. These principles are related to bioethics, and to environmental ethics that seek to conserve existing species. However, biotic ethics value more generally organic gene/protein life itself, the structures and processes shared by all the biota.

Erigeron oreophilus is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family, called the chaparral fleabane. It is native to northern Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Sonora) and the southwestern United States (Arizona, New Mexico).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapSEINet Southwest Biodiversity, Arizona Chapter, Erigeron oreophilus Greenm. includes photos, description, distribution map Erigeron oreophilus is a perennial herb up to 90 centimeters (3 feet) tall, with a large taproot.

Sinosauropteryx, as a Yixian Formation dinosaur, is a member of the Jehol Biota, the assemblage of organisms found in the Yixian Formation and overlying Jiufotang Formation. The Yixian Formation is composed largely of volcanic rocks such as andesite and basalt. Between the volcanic layers are several beds of sedimentary rocks representing deposition in a lake. The freshwater lake strata of the Yixian Formation have preserved a wide variety of plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates.

Coreopsis pulchra is a North American wildflower of the Southeastern United States, in the sunflower family. Its common names are Woodland tickseed, showy tickseed, and beautiful tickseed. Coreopsis pulchra is native only to the Cumberland Plateau of northeastern Alabama (and perhaps historically in nearby Georgia)Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map where it grows on sandstone outcrops. Because of its narrow habitat requirements and small geographic range, this species is considered imperiled.

At Bradgate Park there are some 50 known examples. They mainly take the form of two-dimensional impressions of fronds and disks and have at various times been described as seaweed, jelly fish, corals or sea anemones. They are now described as belonging to the Ediacara biota, with no consensus on which kingdom, current or extinct, they should be placed. The Bradgate examples include Bradgatia linfordensis and Charniodiscus concentricus as well as Charnia masoni.

However, if the interpretation of the Ediacaran age Kimberella as a grazer is correct then this suggests that the biota had already had limited exposure to "predation". There is however little evidence for any trace fossils in the Ediacaran Period, which may speak against the active grazing theory. Further, the onset of the Cambrian Period is defined by the appearance of a worldwide trace fossil assemblage, quite distinct from the activity-barren Ediacaran Period.

Cambrian animals such as Waptia may have competed with, or fed upon, Ediacaran life- forms. It is possible that increased competition due to the evolution of key innovations among other groups, perhaps as a response to predation, drove the Ediacaran biota from their niches. However, this argument has not successfully explained similar phenomena. For instance, the bivalve molluscs' "competitive exclusion" of brachiopods was eventually deemed to be a coincidental result of two unrelated trends.

Ponder 2003 Species found at Elizabeth Springs include an endemic freshwater hydrobiid snail Jardinella isolata, and an endemic fish species, the Elizabeth Springs goby Chlamydogobius micropterus.Ponder and Clark 1990 p 301Ponder et al 1995, p.554DEW DE2007a Elizabeth Springs is the only remaining relatively intact GAB spring with extant biota (fauna and flora) in far Western Queensland and holds a suite of species which are genetically and evolutionarily distinct from other GAB springs.Wilson 1995, p.

Under this definition, the earliest evolutionary stage of the Jehol Biota is represented by the Huajiying Formation, and the Daohugou Formation is excluded due to the absence of Lycoptera fossils. Later in 2006, Liu et al. published their own study of the age of the Daohugou beds, this time using Zircon Uranium-lead dating on the volcanic rocks overlying and underlying salamander-bearing layers (salamanders are often used as index fossils). Liu et al.

Marshall, 1988, p. 380 In the last million years since the Late Miocene, South America became connected with the continent of North America via the Panama Block that closed the marine Bolivar Trough, leading to the Great American Interchange, the interchange of biota from both continents.Marshall, 1988, p.382 The first species discovered to have made the northward migration was Pliometanastes, a fossil ground sloth species, roughly the size of a modern black bear.

Biota of North America Program, 2014 county distribution map Solidago rupestris is a perennial herb up to 150 cm (5 feet) tall, spreading by means of underground rhizomes. Leaves are up to 12 cm (4.8 inches) long, on the stem of the plant rather than clustered around the base. One plant can produce as many as 900 small yellow flower heads in a showy, branching array. The species grows primarily on the banks of rivers.

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Cirsium barnebyi is a sparsely-branched perennial herb up to tall, with a woody taproot. Leaves are oblong to elliptic, up to long, undulate (wavy), lobed with sharp spines along the edges. Flower heads 1-20, borne at the top of the plant or on the tips of the branches. The phyllaries (modified leaves around the base of the heads) bear sharp spines.

Polygonum striatulum, the striped knotweed or Texas knotweed, is endemic to the U.S. state of Texas but cultivated as an ornamental elsewhere.Gardening Europe / It occurs there in sterile prairies, granitic soils, and in places that are seasonally moist, at elevations of .Flora of North America Polygonum striatulum B. L. Robinson, 1904. Texas knotweed Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Polygonum striatulum is a perennial herb that spreads by means of underground rhizomes.

The nature of any stream bed is always a function of the flow dynamics and the local geologic materials, influenced by that flow. With small streams in mesophytic regions, the nature of the stream bed is strongly responsive to conditions of precipitation runoff. Where natural conditions of either grassland or forest ameliorate peak flows, stream beds are stable, possibly rich, with organic matter and exhibit minimal scour. These streams support a rich biota.

GATTUSO et al., 2015 About a quarter of the emitted CO2, about 26 million tons is absorbed by the ocean every day. Consequently, the dissolution of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) in seawater causes a decrease in pH which is corresponding to an increase in acidity of the oceans with consequences for marine biota. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, ocean acidity has increased by 30% (the pH decreased from 8.2 to 8.1) .

As their skulls are triangular in shape, with deeply rooted large, serrated teeth and a bulbous, deep mandibular symphysis (like pliosaurs), dakosaurs would also have been able to twist feed (tear chunks of flesh off potential prey).Martill DM, Taylor MA, Duff KL, Riding JB, Brown PR. 1994. The trophic structure of the biota of the Peterborough Member, Oxford Clay Formation (Jurassic), UK. Journal of the Geological Society, London 151: 173-194.

The Milwaukee Formation is a fossil-bearing geological formation of Middle Devonian age in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. It stands out for the exceptional diversity of its fossil biota. Included are many kinds of marine protists, invertebrates, and fishes, as well as early trees and giant fungi. Once a prolific source of fossils, the Milwaukee Formation exposures are now mostly buried, inaccessible, on private property, or located in areas where collecting is prohibited.

Lepidium oblongum is a widespread North American species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common name veiny pepperweed. It is native to Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, and the western and south-central United States (from California and Oregon east as far as Mississippi).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapSEINet, Southwestern Biodiversity, Arizona chapterDavidse, G., M. Sousa Sánchez, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera. 2015. Saururaceae a Zygophyllaceae.

The flood pulse helps maintain genetic and species diversity in the floodplain ecosystem, and it brings in oxygen to help fauna and decomposition. The flood pulse also increases yields by increasing the surface area of water and showers the land with river biota. Flood plain systems also serve as migration routes, hibernation spots, and spawning locations for many species. For the red-bellied piranha, their two annual reproductive seasons are dependent on the flooding pulse.

Erigeron acer is a widespread herbaceous flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae. Common names include bitter fleabane and blue fleabane. The species is native to Canada, colder parts of the United States,Flora of North America, Erigeron acris Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 863. 1753. Fleabane Biota of North America Program, 2014 state-level distribution map, Erigeron acris northern, central, and southeastern Asia,Flora of China, Erigeron acris Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 863. 1753.

Fouquieria splendens (commonly known as ocotillo , but also referred to as coachwhip, candlewood, slimwood, desert coral, Jacob's staff, Jacob cactus, and vine cactus) is a plant indigenous to the Sonoran Desert and Chihuahuan Desert in the Southwestern United States (southern California, southern Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas), and northern Mexico (as far south as Hidalgo and Guerrero).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapMcVaugh, R. 2001. Ochnaceae to Loasaceae. 3: 9–751.

Effects of nitrogen deposition and empirical nitrogen critical loads for ecoregions of the United States. Ecological Applications 21:3049-3082. Air pollutants impact essential ecosystem services such as air and water purification, decomposition and detoxification of waste materials, and climate regulation. When deposition is greater than the critical load of a pollutant for a particular location, it is considered a critical load exceedance, meaning the biota are at increased risk of ecological harm.

Brant Broughton Gauging Station on the River Brant in Lincolnshire, England. A stream gauge, streamgage or gauging station is a location used by hydrologists or environmental scientists to monitor and test terrestrial bodies of water. Hydrometric measurements of water level surface elevation ("stage") and/or volumetric discharge (flow) are generally taken and observations of biota and water quality may also be made. The location of gauging stations are often found on topographical maps.

They live on floating houses and are sustained through fishing and marine aquaculture (cultivating marine biota), plying the shallow waters for 200 species of fish and 450 different kinds of mollusks. Many of the islands have acquired their names as a result of interpretation of their unusual shapes. Such names include Voi Islet (elephant), Ga Choi Islet (fighting cock), Khi Islet (monkey), and Mai Nha Islet (roof). 989 of the islands have been given names.

Torrey Bot. Club. 21: 33. 1894. Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map ;Species # Meehania cordata (Nutt.) Britton \- Appalachian Mountains of eastern United States (Tennessee, North Carolina, Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Ohio) # Meehania faberi (Hemsl.) C.Y.Wu \- Gansu, Sichuan # Meehania fargesii (H.Lév.) C.Y.Wu \- Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang # Meehania henryi (Hemsl.) Y.Z.Sun ex C.Y.Wu \- Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan # Meehania montis-koyae Ohwi \- Honshu, Fujian, Zhejiang # Meehania pinfaensis (H.

Bahiopsis parishii known commonly as Parish goldeneye or shrubby goldeneye, is a North American species of flowering shrubs in the sunflower family. It is native to the southwestern United States, (southern California, southern Nevada, Arizona, and southwestern New Mexico), as well as adjacent parts of northwest Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, and Sonora).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapHickman, J. C. 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California 1–1400.

Evaporites such as Anhydrites are also more present in the Leduc Formation, however they are also present in the Swan Hills Formation. The Swan Hills formation also holds some differences to the Leduc Formation. The porosity types in both formations differ, and the types of fossilized biota also differ. Vuggy, moldic, intercrystalline, and fracture porosities are present in the Leduc Formation whereas the primary porosities in the Swan Hills Formation are interparticle and interfossil.

Lake Timsah is a brackish lake that experiences significant variations in salinity. Human engineering projects have impacted salinity, with resulting changes in the lake's biota. Decreases in salinity were noted as early as 1871 following Suez Canal construction, and subsequent enlargement of the channel from the Nile and other construction projects increased the inflow of fresh water to the lake. The El-Gamil outlet serves as Lake Timsah's principal source of salt water.

Organic compounds such as amino acids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, and phenols are highly enriched in the SML interface. Most of these come from biota in the sub-surface waters, which decay and become transported to the surface,Aller, J., Kuznetsova, M., Jahns, C., Kemp, P. (2005) The sea surface microlayer as a source of viral and bacterial enrichment in marine aerosols. Journal of aerosol science. Vol. 36, pp. 801-812.Carlson, David J. (1983).

Structuralists have proposed different mechanisms that might have guided the formation of body plans. Before Darwin, Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire argued that animals shared homologous parts, and that if one was enlarged, the others would be reduced in compensation. After Darwin, D'Arcy Thompson hinted at vitalism and offered geometric explanations in his classic 1917 book On Growth and Form. Adolf Seilacher suggested mechanical inflation for "pneu" structures in Ediacaran biota fossils such as Dickinsonia.

Rubus regionalis is an uncommon North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It grows in eastern and central Canada (Ontario, Québec, New Brunswick) and the north-central and northeastern United States (Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine).Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1932. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 2(6): 359Bailey, Liberty Hyde 1947.

Rubus jacens is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is native to eastern Canada (Québec, Nova Scotia) and the northeastern United States (New Hampshire, Vermont, New York, Pennsylvania).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBlanchard, William Henry 1906. Torreya 6(7): 147–148 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus parliniiis a rare North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is native to the northeastern United States (Maine, Vermont, Connecticut).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1947. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 7(3): 210, figure 62 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus frondisentis is an uncommon North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It has been found in Québec and in the northeastern United States (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, New York).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Blanchard, William Henry 1906. Torreya 6(6): 119–120 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

European explorers further added to New Zealand's biota, particularly pigs which were introduced by either Captain Cook or the French explorer De Surville in the 1700s. During the nineteenth century, as European colonisation took place, acclimatisation societies were established. The societies introduced a large number of species with no use other than as prey for hunting. Species that adapted well to the New Zealand terrain include deer, pigs, goats, hare, tahr and chamois.

Rubus mollior is an uncommon North American species of brambles in the rose family. It grows in the central United States (Missouri, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Kansas).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1945. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(9): 693–695, figure 312 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

While fossiliferous stratigraphic units are relatively rare in Namibia, the unique Ediacaran to Early Cambrian biota of the Nama Group are a major paleontological highlight. The Late Carboniferous to Early Permian Ganigobis Formation has provided fossil fishes and the younger White Hill, Huab and Gai-As Formations of the Dwyka Group contain Mesosaurus fossils. The Mesozoic is represented by the Triassic Omingonde Formation comprising therapsid fossils and the Early Jurassic Etjo Sandstone with dinosaur trackways.Otjihaene-Maparero farm at Fossilworks.

Ficus pumila, commonly known as the creeping fig or climbing fig, is a species of flowering plant in the mulberry family, native to East Asia (China, Japan, Vietnam)Flora of China, Ficus pumila Linnaeus, 1753. 薜荔 bi li and naturalized in parts of the southeastern and south-central United States.Flora of North America, Ficus pumila Linnaeus, 1753. Climbing fig Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map It is also found in cultivation as a houseplant.

As Environment Canada mentions "soil degradation degrades the land and places significant stress on ecologically sensitive biota and flora". Soil degradation in Canada's biologically sensitive forests as a result of pollution, is one of the most significant cases of degradation in the country. One study found that 12% of Alberta's forests’ soils are over their acid carrying capacity. This rise in acidity is attributed to the continual extraction of fossil fuel from the Alberta oil sands.

While elongated feathers on the hindlimbs were present in many early birds, such as Archaeopteryx, the morphology of microraptorines suggests a different aerodynamic model from that of modern birds, which have characteristically bald legs and exhibit stable flight using two wings only. Changyuraptor is thought to have existed alongside a variety of predatory and herbivorous dinosaurs of the Jehol Biota, including Yutyrannus, in moist temperate forest, primarily vegetated by ginkgos and conifers, with hot, dry summers and frosty winters.

The extant species are closely related and thought to be descendants of birds that survived a genetic bottleneck caused by the marine transgression during the Oligocene, when most of New Zealand was under water.Cooper A. & Cooper R. (1995). The Oligocene Bottleneck and New Zealand Biota: Genetic Record of a past Environmental Crisis Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B. 261(#1,362):293–302. The earliest known fossil is Kuiornis indicator from the Miocene Saint Bathans Fauna.

Burykhia hunti is a Precambrian fossil from the White Sea region of Russia dating to . It is considered of ascidian affinity, due to the sac-like morphology and a series of distinctly perforated bands reminiscent of a tunicate pharynx. If B. hunti is a tunicate, it could be the oldest ascidian fossil known as of its publication in 2012. It is possibly related to the slightly younger Ausia, another putative ascidian from the Vendian biota in Namibia.

J. Fjeldsaå and J.C. Lovett, Geographical patterns of old and young species in African forest biota: the significance of specific montane areas as evolutionary centres. Biodiversity and Conservation, Vol 6, No 3 March 1997 Africa, where humans originated, shows much less evidence of loss in the Pleistocene megafaunal extinction, perhaps because co-evolution of large animals alongside early humans provided enough time for them to develop effective defenses.Owen-Smith,N. Pleistocene extinctions; the pivotal role of megaherbivores.

Conventional sewage treatment utilises bioreactors to undertake the main purification processes. In some of these systems, a chemically inert medium with very high surface area is provided as a substrate for the growth of biological film. Separation of excess biological film takes place in settling tanks or cyclones. In other systems aerators supply oxygen to the sewage and biota to create activated sludge in which the biological component is freely mixed in the liquor in "flocs".

Ponthieva racemosa, commonly called the hairy shadow witch or racemose ponthieva, is a species of orchid found from the southeastern United States (from Texas to Virginia), Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and northern South America as far south as Bolivia.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant FamiliesFlora of North America, v 26 p 548, Ponthieva racemosa (Walter) C. Mohr, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 6: 460. 1901. Biota of North America Program, county distribution map, Ponthieva racemosaDressler, R.L. 2003. Orchidaceae.

By 1949, when administration of the area passed to the Chinese Communist Party and its leader Mao Zedong, the fossils of Yixian were studied only by Chinese scientists. It was not until the 1990s when remarkable fossils of birds and dinosaurs were excavated. Since 1996, a number of dinosaur fossils that have revolutionized knowledge of these animals have been found at Yixian; among them are the first known non-avian theropods with feathers. See Jehol Biota.

Using current levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide and rates of increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide on a yearly basis based on the time of the article, the lightning-biota climatic feedback once again showed a cooling effect on global average temperatures, given an initial perturbation. Given the simplified nature of the model, several parameters (ozone produced by lightning, etc.) and other feedback mechanisms were neglected, so the significance of the results is still an area of discussion.

The species was first described in 2015; the description appeared in the pages of Scientific Reports. Only the holotype, extracted from the Jehol Biota sediments from the Early Cretaceous period in north-east China, was discovered. Chongmingia zhengi represents a developmental line unknown at the time of description, it illustrates the diversity of traits in contemporary birds. The furcula in C. zhengi was stiff, which indicates their poor performance and the need to use more force on the fly.

Amphibians of an open cerrado fragment in southeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica 5 The frog species Physalaemus nattereri (posterior view shown) is found in the open cerrado, but not in adjacent gallery forests. Most birds found in the Cerrado breed there although there are some Austral migrants (breed in temperate South America and winter in the Amazon basin) and Nearctic migrants (breed in temperate North America and winter in the Neotropics) that pass through.DA SILVA, J.S.C. 1997.

Gordia marina is a lower Cambrian ichnofossil, and is the most common trace fossil in the Kaili biota displaying "smooth, cylindrical or subcylindrical, non-branching, winding and irregularly curving burrows, commonly self- overcrossing". Probably made by a worm-like creature displaying fodinichnial (sediment scavenging) behaviour. It takes the form of unlined, curving parallel-walled burrows that often end with a nub, probably created as the creature probed the over- or under-lying sediment. It resembles Helminthopsis and Haplotichnus.

Triassic 251-201 MA During the Triassic most of Central and Northern Nevada was a shallow tropical seaway. Famous ammonite localities occur from Esmeralda County north through Churchill County, into Humboldt County. The most famous of vertebrate inhabitants of this shallow seaway were ichthyosaurs, a diverse biota of Triassic ichthyosaurs has been found across the state, including the state fossil Shonisaurus. Recent finds have also included large highly carnivorous ichthysaur species recently found in Pershing County.

Publications of the Museum of Michigan State University, Biological Series 2: 429–528.Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapWilliam R. Carr, The Nature Conservancy of Texas. 2009. No Place but Texas: An Annotated List of Plant Taxa Endemic to the Lone Star State Astranthium robustum is an annual with a taproot, and usually with several stems up to 50 cm (20 inches) tall. Flower heads have white or bluish ray florets and yellow disc florets.

Amelanchier humilis, commonly known as the low shadbush, is a North American species of serviceberry. It is native to central Canada (from Saskatchewan to Québec) and the northeastern and north-central United States (from Nebraska and the Dakotas east as far as Vermont and New Jersey).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Amelanchier humilis is a shrub up to 120 cm (4 feet) tall. The fruit, which is a pome, is very dark, almost black.

Eastern Quay Apartments is in Royal Victoria Dock, East London Eastern Quay exterior Constructed between April 2002 and November 2003, Eastern Quay Apartments were built at a cost of £10.75m. The building sits adjacent to the site once earmarked for Silvertown Quays - a now-defunct regeneration project which was intended to include Britain's first purpose-built national aquarium, Biota! - and the failed London Pleasure Gardens. Eastern Quay was designed by Gardner Stewart Architects, and constructed by Morrisons.

Biopolymers are synthesized as a result of biological processes, and are often less harmful to the landscape and its biota because of their natural origins. Of the three types of biopolymers, polysaccharidess have proven more useful as soil binders than polynucleotides or polypeptides. Biopolymers that have been tested for use in soil stabilization include cellulose, starch, chitosan, xanthan, curdlan, and beta-glucan. Some biopolymers are sensitive to water, and wetter soils exhibit weaker biopolymer-clay cohesion.

De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum. 2(3): 355 in LatinGaertner, Joseph. 1791. De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum. 2(3):plate 157, figure 3 line drawing as illustrationTropicos, Arnoseris Gaertn. The only known species is Arnoseris minima, native to Europe, Morocco, and the Middle East; naturalized in parts of northeastern North America (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Maine, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan).Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution mapAltervista Flora Italiana, Arnoseris minima (L.) Schweigg.

Fleischmannia incarnata, the pink slender-thoroughwort or pink thoroughwort, is a North American species of flowering plant in the sunflower family. It is native to the United States from Florida north as far as Virginia, Ohio, and Illinois, and west to Texas and Oklahoma.Flora of North America, Fleischmannia incarnata (Walter) R. M. King & H. Robinson, 1970. Pink slender-thoroughwort Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map It is also found in northeastern Mexico (Veracruz, Tamaulipas, Nuevo León).

Examination of caught specimen At each of the 360 stations the crew measured the bottom depth, temperature at different depths, observed weather and surface ocean conditions, and collected seafloor, water, and biota samples. Challenger's crew used methods that were developed in prior small-scale expeditions to make observations. To measure depth, they would lower a line with a weight attached to it until it reached the sea floor. The line was marked in intervals with flags denoting depth.

The pedosphere, or soil, is the planetary interface where Earth’s five great global ‘spheres’ interact. These are the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and pedosphere. The "critical zone", a recent conceptual framework, encompasses the Earth’s outer layer in which most surface and near-surface life sustaining processes operate. In practice and theory, the critical zone essentially equates to the pedosphere, whereas the ‘biomantle’ deals with the uppermost critical zone, or pedosphere, encompassing its epidermal layer (where most biota live).

One of the principal sources of elevated concentrations of organic chemical constituents is from treated sewage. Dissolved organic material is most commonly measured using either the Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) test or the Chemical oxygen demand (COD) test. Organic constituents are significant in river chemistry for the effect that they have on dissolved oxygen concentration and for the impact that individual organic species may have directly on aquatic biota. Any organic and degradable material consumes oxygen as it decomposes.

Orthochilus ecristatus, or giant orchid, is a terrestrial species of orchid native to Cuba and to the southeastern United States (from Louisiana to North Carolina).Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Eulophia ecristataFlora of North America v 26 p 641, Pteroglossaspis ecristata (Fernald) Rolfe, Orchid Rev. 12: 136. 1904. Biota of North America Program, county distribution map, Eulophia ecristata It was previously known as Eulophia ecristata or Pteroglossaspis ecristata until recently transferred to the genus Orthochilus.

Liushusaurus is an extinct genus of lizard described by Susan E. Evans and Yuan Wang in 2010. The genus has a single species, Liushusaurus acanthocaudata, and is known from eight fossils, several of which preserve soft tissue detail. The specimens were found in the Lower Cretaceous aged Yixian Formation of Northeast China. Liushusaurus is one of eight lizards that are known and have been named from the Yixian Formation, part of the diverse Jehol Biota ecosystem.

The fossil Charniodiscus is barely distinguishable from the "elephant skin" texture on this cast. All but the smallest fraction of the fossil record consists of the robust skeletal matter of decayed corpses. Hence, since Ediacaran biota had soft bodies and no skeletons, their abundant preservation is surprising. The absence of burrowing creatures living in the sediments undoubtedly helped; since after the evolution of these organisms in the Cambrian, soft-bodied impressions were usually disturbed before they could fossilize.

Sinocalliopteryx preying on Confuciusornis, as indicated by stomach contents of the former Confuciusornis was discovered in the Yixian and Jiufotang Formations and is a member of the Jehol Biota. Tuff makes up a considerable amount of the rock composition in both due to frequent volcanic eruptions, which were slightly more frequent in the Yixian Formation. Shale and mudstone also are major components of the formations. The tuff has allowed detailed dating of the formations by using 40Ar-39Ar isotopes.

Erigeron ovinus is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family, called the sheep fleabane. It has been found only in the southeastern part of the US state of Nevada (Clark County + Lincoln County).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Erigeron ovinus is a perennial herb up to 15 centimeters (6 inches) tall, with a large taproot, forming clumps of many individuals close together. Leaves are pinnatifid with long narrow lobes.

In July 2016 a visitor centre opened in the Deer Barn buildings off the main path east of Bradgate House in addition to the existing cafe. The geology section features details of the park's formation during its stages of volcanism, glacial erosion and inhabitation by Ediacara biota. It also shows the tracks of a later land based lizard. The archaeology section features work by Leicester University beginning in 2014 and includes evidence of Creswellian sites from 14,500 years ago.

Soon, Brazilian researchers, among them Alexander Kellner, intercepted the trade and named even more species. Even more productive was the Early Cretaceous Chinese Jehol Biota of Liaoning that since the 1990s has brought forth hundreds of exquisitely preserved two-dimensional fossils, often showing soft tissue remains. Chinese researchers such as Lü Junchang have again named many new taxa. As discoveries also increased in other parts of the world, a sudden surge in the total of named genera took place.

The geology of the Daohugou Bed is confusing because it is complex and does not conform; meaning that elements and layers of rock of different ages are mixed up together by folding and erosion and by volcanic activity. Liu et al. (2006) concluded that the rocks that bear the Daohugou Biota also include the Tiaojishan and Lanqi Formations. They demonstrated that the Jiulongshan Formation is older (Middle Jurassic), and that the Tuchengzi Formation is younger (Late Jurassic).

Beautifully preserved fossils of dinosaurs, pterosaurs, salamanders, insects, arachnidsNotably Mongolarachne jurassica. and other invertebrates, conifers, ginkgoes, cycads, horsetails, and ferns, and even the earliest known gliding mammal (Volaticotherium) and an aquatic protomammal (Castorocauda) have been discovered in these rocks. These organisms were part of the Daohugou Biota, which formed the local ecosystem of that Jurassic time. The tuffaceous composition of some rock layers show that this was a volcanic area, occasionally experiencing heavy ashfalls from eruptions.

Though initially reported to be from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation, later investigation showed that the fossil actually came from the Qiaotou Member of the Huajiying Formation of Fengning, Hebei Province, China, and is therefore of uncertain age. While much of the Huajiying Formation underlies the Yixian Formation,Jin, Zhang, Li, Zhang, Li and Zhou (2008). "On the horizon of Protopteryx and the early vertebrate fossil assemblages of the Jehol Biota." Chinese Science Bulletin, 53(18): 2820-2827.

Topography also controls ecosystem processes by affecting things like microclimate, soil development and the movement of water through a system. For example, ecosystems can be quite different if situated in a small depression on the landscape, versus one present on an adjacent steep hillside. Other external factors that play an important role in ecosystem functioning include time and potential biota. Similarly, the set of organisms that can potentially be present in an area can also significantly affect ecosystems.

Flaveria campestris, common name alkali yellowtops, is a plant species native to the southwestern United States and to the southern Great Plains (Arizona, Utah, New Mexico, Colorado, Texas, Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map It is found on saline soils and on the margins of lakes, ponds and streams.Flora of North America, Flaveria campestris J. R. Johnston, 1903. Alkali yellowtops . Flaveria campestris is an annal herb up to 90 cm (3 feet) tall.

Helianthus longifolius is a North American species of sunflower known by the common name longleaf sunflower. It is native to the southeastern United States (mostly Georgia and Alabama with one isolated population (probably introduced) in western North Carolina).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Helianthus longifolius is a perennial herb up to 30 cm (1 foot) tall. Most of the leaves are crowded around the base, each leaf up to 30 cm (1 foot) long.

Adenophyllum wrightii is a North American species of flowering plants in the daisy family known by the common names San Felipe dogweed, San Felipe dyssodia and Wright's dogweed. It is native to Mexico and the US States of Arizona and New Mexico. The species was long thought to be extinct in New Mexico, but live populations were rediscovered in the state in 1999.Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution mapNew Mexico Rare Plants, Adenophyllum wrightii var.

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Echinops exaltatus is the largest of all globe thistles, a branching perennial herb up to 150 cm (60 inches or 5 feet) tall. One plant can produces several flower heads, each with a very nearly spherical array of white or pale blue disc florets but no ray florets.Flora of North America, Tall globe-thistle, boulette de Hongrie, Echinops exaltatus Schrader, Hort. Gott. 2: 15, plate 9. 1811.

Solidago wrightii, commonly known as Wright's goldenrod, is a North American species of goldenrod in the sunflower family. It grows in northern Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Sonora, Coahuila) and the southwestern United States (Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, western Texas, and the Oklahoma Panhandle).Biota of North America 2014 county distribution mapNesom, Guy L. 1989. Phytologia 67(2): 147 Solidago wrightii is a perennial herb up to 110 cm (44 inches) tall, with a woody underground caudex and rhizomes.

Solidago ulmifolia, commonly known as elmleaf goldenrod, is a North American species of goldenrod in the sunflower family. It is found in Canada (Ontario and Nova Scotia) and the eastern and central United States (from Maine west to Minnesota, south as far as Texas and the Florida Panhandle).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Its natural habitat is thin woodlands and bluffs, often over calcareous substrates. In Florida, it is found in moist hammock communities.

That time period depends strongly on climate, parent material, relief, and biotic activity. For example, recently deposited material from a flood exhibits no soil development as there has not been enough time for the material to form a structure that further defines soil. The original soil surface is buried, and the formation process must begin anew for this deposit. Over time the soil will develop a profile that depends on the intensities of biota and climate.

Another fauna was found in South Australia in the 1940s, but it was not thoroughly examined until the late 1950s. Other possible early animal fossils were found in Russia, England, Canada, and elsewhere (see Ediacaran biota). Some were determined to be pseudofossils, but others were revealed to be members of rather complex biotas that remain poorly understood. At least 25 regions worldwide have yielded metazoan fossils older than the classical Precambrian–Cambrian boundary (which is currently dated at ).

Soil health depends on soil biodiversity (with a robust soil biota), and it can be improved via soil management, especially by care to keep protective living covers on the soil and by natural (carbon-containing) soil amendments. Inorganic fertilizers do not necessarily damage soil health if 1) used at appropriate and not excessive rates and 2) if they bring about a general improvement of overall plant growth which contributes more carbon-containing residues to the soil.

The interbeds of the Kirkpatrick Basalt record sedimentary and biotic processes in relatively shallow lakes and ponds, and in surrounding wetlands to upland areas, with the biota of the lakes having access to magmatic sources. Hydrothermal activity help the development of microbes (Archaea) and helping the fauna on cooler events. Alongside Oreochima lived the spinicaudatan Carapacestheria disgregaris, notostracan branchiopods, ostracoda, insect nymphs and wings (mayflies, the stonefly nymph Uralonympha sehopfi and the dragonfly Caraphlebia antartica,F. M. Carpenter. 1969.

Simplified schematic of an island's flora – all its plant species, highlighted in boxes Flora is all the plant life present in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring (indigenous) native plants. The corresponding term for animal life is fauna. Flora, fauna, and other forms of life, such as fungi, are collectively referred to as biota. Sometimes bacteria and fungi are also referred to as flora, as in the terms gut flora or skin flora.

The meadow area has been restored to showcase various biota and sculptures and provide locations for relaxation and nature observation. In 2004 it was featured in the Trier garden show. The lower castle grounds also include the historic approach to the castle (the Im Hofpesch path and the millrace path, both with old trees along them) and the upper stretch of the millstream and the sluice that diverts the water from the Oosbach. File:lissingenBurgaue1.jpg File:lissingenBurgaue2.

Erigeron bigelovii (Bigelow's fleabane) is a species of fleabane in the daisy family. It is native to northern Mexico (states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Zacatecas) and the southwestern United States (southern New Mexico, western Texas).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Erigeron bigelovii is a perennial herb up to 30 cm (12 inches) tall, with a taproot. It produces flower heads in groups of 1-12 on the ends of branches.

HPF-07 Rise and fall of the Ediacaran (Vendian) biota. International Geological Congress - Oslo 2008. Ausia and Burykhia lived in shallow coastal waters slightly more than 555 to 548 million years ago, and are believed to be the oldest evidence of the chordate lineage of metazoans. The Russian Precambrian fossil Yarnemia is identified as a tunicate only tentatively, because its fossils are nowhere near as well-preserved as those of Ausia and Burykhia, so this identification has been questioned.

"Chairman Hong sets new corporate vision," The Korea Herald, August 13, 2012."Herald Corp. celebrates 60th anniversary," The Korea Herald, October 7, 2013. Herald corporation publishes The Korea Herald, the nation's dominant English newspaper, and The Herald Business, Korea's largest afternoon financial daily; runs Herald Edu, Korea's largest English immersion campus network; manages Herald Artday, an online art auction company, and Herald Design Forum, one of Asia's premier design forums; and owns Biota, a manufacturer of biodegradable plastic films.

Parahongshanornis is known from the holotype PMOL-AB00161, which was found near Yuanjiawa, Chaoyang, in the middle Aptian Jiufotang Formation of the Jehol Biota, about 120 million years old. It consists of a nearly complete and articulated skeleton missing the skull but showing remains of the soft parts of the body, including some feathering. Most of the vertebral column is obscured by the sternum and pelvis. Parahongshanornis is a small species with a femur length of twenty-four millimetres.

Sea lion on Allans Beach Allans Beach is frequented by New Zealand fur seals, New Zealand sea lions, and yellow-eyed penguins. The public are urged to keep at least away from these animals, and from active sea lions. Visitors encountering yellow-eyed penguins are asked to crouch down so as not to disturb them. In addition, Hoopers Inlet and the wetlands on the northern side of the Allans Beach spit host a diverse range of estuarine biota.

Terrestrial paradigms do not necessarily apply to marine biota. Our understanding of the role and regulation of aquatic biodiversity lies far behind that of terrestrial biodiversity, to such an extent that we do not have enough scientific information to underpin management issues such as conservation and sustainable use of marine resources. Many of these paradigms may not be applicable to the marine situation because of differences to terrestrial ecosystems (Heip et al. 1998, Gessner et al. 2004).

Sundown National Park also has ecological significance, hosting eleven rare and threatened animals, five rare or vulnerable plant species and permanent waterholes supporting a diverse range of waterbirds and aquatic biota. the catchment supported a population of around 50,000 people. The main agricultural use of land is for grazing and dryland cropping, and this covers around ninety per cent of the catchment. Irrigation for the production of cotton occurs on the western plains between and Mungindi.

The harvesting and gathering of sumbun can be introduced through this tradition, especially in Jambi due to the uniqueness of the region's water biota. The special dish of the local Duano' community is the sumbun soup, which is known of its soft and uniquely distinct meat. The traditional way of managing their welfare does not allow these people to provide themselves with everything that they need. Clothing, foods and vegetables are bought from the neighboring Chinese or Malay population.

However, these are not seen after the end of the Early Cretaceous and by the Late Cretaceous marsupials and placentals had evolved from a common eupantotherian ancestor. The Mammalia class probably saw its first eutherian in the early Cretaceous Jehol biota in China called Acristatherium yanesis. This eutherian was determined to be the most basal based on a phylogenetic analysis that used a data matrix of many other species. Metatherians probably evolved to take advantage of open arboreal niches.

The other was on the planet Santa Chico, where the founders modified themselves at a genetic level to coexist with the planet's biota. The mission goes disastrously wrong. As the colonists are no longer fully human, Zantiu-Braun's soldiers have trouble communicating with them, unable to fully comprehend their new lifestyle. The civilisation has little in the way of centralised industry or anything of value to Earth, and it remains extremely hostile to the Zantiu- Braun forces.

Deinandra kelloggii, Kellogg's spikeweed or Kellogg's tarweed, is a North American species of plants in the tarweed tribe within the (sunflower family). It is native to Baja California, southern and central California (from Sonoma and Calaveras Counties south to San Diego County), and Arizona (Pima County).Biota of North America 2014 county distribution mapCalflora taxon report, University of California, Deinandra kelloggii (Greene) GreeneShreve, F. & I. L. Wiggins. 1964. Vegetation and Flora of the Sonoran Desert 2 vols.

Eriophyllum wallacei is a North American flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common names woolly daisy and woolly easterbonnets. It grows in the southwestern United States (Arizona, Utah, Nevada, and California, with an isolated population in Wyoming) and northwestern Mexico (northern Baja California).Biota of North America program 2014 county distribution mapCalflora taxon report, University of California, Eriophyllum wallacei (A. Gray) A. Gray, Wallace eriophyllum, Wallace's woolly daisy SEINet, Southwestern Biodiversity, Arizona Chapter, Eriophyllum wallacei (A.

Studies have shown that fine-grained materials and sandy materials can be effective in the construction of an in-situ cap.Brannon, J. M., Hoeppel, R. E., Sturgis, T. C., Smith, I., and Gunnison, D. 1985. “Effectiveness of Capping in Isolating Contaminated Dredged Material from Biota and the Overlying Water, “ Technical Report, D-85-10, US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss. Furthermore, fine grain materials have been shown to act as better chemical barriers than sand caps.

Therefore, the biota of the Palace is rich in vegetation as well as in animals of the Animal Kingdom. While small Japanese mole has outlived a long history since the Edo era, this is an exceptional case, and it is considered that many living creatures and plants have disappeared. Especially due to urbanization and pollution, such as photochemical smog in the 1970s, big trees such as fir and Cryptomeria have withered. Large sized lichens have completely disappeared.

Hymenothrix wislizeni, the Trans-Pecos thimblehead, is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family. It grows in northwestern Mexico (Baja California, Sonora, Chihuahua) and the southwestern United States (far western Texas, Arizona, New Mexico).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapSEINet, Southwestern Biodiversity, Arizona chapter Hymenothrix wislizeni is an annual herb up to tall. Each head has 15-30 yellow or cream-colored disc flowers surrounded by 8-12 yellow ray flowers.

Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapCalflora taxon report, University of California, Solidago spectabilis (D. Eaton) A. Gray, Nevada goldenrod, showy goldenrod Solidago spectabilis grows in moist habitat, including bogs, meadows, seeps, streambanks, hot springs, and wet areas on alkali flats. It is a rhizomatous perennial herb producing one or more erect stems that can reach two meters (5 feet) in maximum height. It is mostly hairless but can have occasional patches of rough hairs.

Hypochaeris microcephala, the smallhead cat's ear, is a species of plants in the dandelion tribe within the sunflower family. It is native to South America (Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil, Uruguay) and naturalized in parts of North America (for example in the south-central United States (Texas, Louisiana, etc.)).Flora of North America, Hypochaeris microcephala (Schultz- Bipontinus) Cabrera, 1937. Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapJørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck.

Rubus roribaccus a North American species of brambles in the rose family, called the Lucretia blackberry.Rydberg, Per Axel 1901. in Britton, Nathaniel Lord, Manual of the Flora of the northern States and Canada 498 It grows in eastern Canada (Québec) and the eastern and central United States (from New York and Massachusetts south to the Carolinas and west as far as Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska).Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1890.

Rubus trifrons is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It has been found only in eastern Canada (Québec and Nova Scotia) and the northeastern United States (New York, New Hampshire, Vermont).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBlanchard, William Henry 1906. American Botanist 11(1): 11–13 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus multiformis is an uncommon North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is found in eastern Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia) and the northeastern and north-central United States (Maine, Vermont, New York, Michigan, Wisconsin).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBlanchard, William Henry. 1906. Rhodora 8(93): 179-180 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus tardatus is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is native to eastern and central Canada (Québec, Ontario, Nova Scotia) and the northeastern and north-central United States (Maine, Vermont, Michigan, Pennsylvania).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBlanchard, William Henry 1906. Rhodora 8(95): 214–215 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus exeter is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It has been found only in the north-central United States (Minnesota, Wisconsin, Indiana). Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde. 1947. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 7(3): 228, figure 72 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus gnarus is a North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is native to the northeastern United States (New York, Connecticut, New Jersey).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1944. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(8): 556–558, figure 253] The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus grimesii is a North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is native to the east-central United States (Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1944. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 52(6): 331–332, figure 158] The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus griseus is a North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is native to the east-central United States (Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBailey, Liberty Hyde 1945. Gentes Herbarum; Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants 5(9): 834, figure 387] The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus junceus is a North American species of flowering plants in the rose family. It has been found in Nova Scotia and also in the northeastern and north-central United States (Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapBlanchard, William Henry 1906. Rhodora 8(95): 215–216 The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species.

Rubus heterophyllus is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It has been found in eastern Canada (Québec) and in scattered locations in the eastern United States (New York, West Virginia, Maryland).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map The genetics of Rubus is extremely complex, so that it is difficult to decide on which groups should be recognized as species. There are many rare species with limited ranges such as this.

Rubus recurvans is an uncommon North American species of brambles in the rose family. It is found in eastern and central Canada (Québec, Ontario, Nova Scotia) and in the eastern and north-central United States (from Maine west to Minnesota, south as far as Missouri, the Ohio River, and Virginia).Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution mapBlanchard, William Henry 1904. Rhodora 6(71): 224–225 Rubus recurvans has perennial roots and biennial stalks.

Environmental chemistry is the study of chemical alterations in the environment. Principal areas of study include soil contamination and water pollution. The topics of analysis include chemical degradation in the environment, multi-phase transport of chemicals (for example, evaporation of a solvent containing lake to yield solvent as an air pollutant), and chemical effects upon biota. As an example study, consider the case of a leaking solvent tank which has entered the habitat soil of an endangered species of amphibian.

And, as Sagan noted, any carbon that was bound up in organic molecules would quickly be converted to carbon dioxide again by the hot surface environment. Venus would not begin to cool down until after most of the carbon dioxide had already been removed. Although it is generally conceded that Venus could not be terraformed by introduction of photosynthetic biota alone, use of photosynthetic organisms to produce oxygen in the atmosphere continues to be a component of other proposed methods of terraforming.

The European Diploma of Protected Areas was awarded to Matsalu Nature Reserve in 2003 by the Council of Europe, in recognition of the park's success in preserving the diversity of habitats and the numerous species of birds and other biota groups in the nature reserve. Matsalu is the only nature reserve in Estonia to hold the European Diploma. The diploma was extended for five years in 2008. In 2004, Matsalu Nature Reserve, along with surrounding areas, became Matsalu National Park.

Conulariids are, however, not generally thought to be a part of the Ediacaran biota as their fossil record starts at Upper Cambrian. It is now also thought that the conulate trilobozoans derived their fourfold symmetry from a sixfold symmetry, as seen in Vendoconularia. This in turn, is thought to be originally derived from an ancestral disk-like trilobozoan three-fold symmetry. Conulariids have generally been thought to be of Cnidarian affinity, occupying a position near the base of the Cnidarian family tree.

In the granular structure, the structural units are approximately spherical or polyhedral and are bounded by curved or very irregular faces that are not casts of adjoining peds. In other words, they look like cookie crumbs. Granular structure is common in the surface soils of rich grasslands and highly amended garden soils with high organic matter content. Soil mineral particles are both separated and bridged by organic matter breakdown products, and soil biota exudates, making the soil easy to work.

Gaylussacia tomentosa, commonly known as the hairy dangleberry or hairytwig huckleberry, is a plant species native to the coastal plains of the southeastern United States (Alabama, Georgia, Florida, the Carolinas).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map Asa Gray described this species as Vaccinium tomentosum in 1878. It was given its current name in 1897. Gaylussacia tomentosa is a shrub up to 200 cm (80 inches) tall, spreading by means of underground rhizomes hence sometimes forming huge colonies.

Ribes niveum is a North American species of currant known by the common names snowy gooseberry, white-flowered gooseberry, or snow currant. It is native to the western United States (Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and Nevada with isolated populations in Colorado and New Mexico).Biota of North America Program, 2014 county distribution map Ribes niveum is a shrub up to 3 meters (10 feet) tall, with white or pale pink flowers and dark blue or dark purple berries. Berries are edible but rather sour.

At the start of the Paleocene New Zealand's biota was recovering from the extinction of dinosaurs and those species which survived were expanding into the empty niches. There was a slight decrease in mean temperature at the start of the Paleocene leading to a change in canopy species. Zealandia was largely covered by shallow seas with low-lying land and swamps. The oldest penguin fossil in the world and various other sea birds are found in New Zealand from this time.

The reserve, which covers , was created on 21 September 1979. It is managed by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation. The objective is to fully preserve the biota and other natural attributes of the reserve without human interference except for recovery of degraded ecosystems and actions to preserve the natural balance, biological diversity and natural ecological processes. A specific objective is to ensure survival of the Arrau turtle (Podocnemis expansa) and other turtles, and to preserve a sample of the Amazon ecosystem.

As of 2009 the Biological Reserve was a "strict nature reserve" under IUCN protected area category Ia. Objectives are full preservation of biota and other natural attributes. The reserve is the state headquarters for Projeto TAMAR, the turtle conservation organization. The reserve's aquarium contains giant sea turtles, and the residents of nearby Regência make their living from turtle conservation as well as fishing. Protected species in the conservation unit are Amazona rhodocorytha, Atta robusta, Maned sloth, Cnemidophorus and Panthera onca.

The site was initially excavated by Otto Jaekel between 1909 and 1912 and later Janensch conducted additional excavations there between 1923 and 1928, but except for smaller digs by A. Hemprich in 1937 and 1938 no further work has taken place since. The diverse Late Triassic biota from Halberstadt includes bivalves, crustaceans, chondrichthyans, dipnoans, temnospondyls, stem-turtles, phytosaurs, and a haramiyid mammal, as well as the sauropodomorph Plateosaurus, which is represented by some 50 specimens including at least two complete skeletons.

Zanamivir was first made in 1989 by scientists led by Peter Colman and Joseph Varghese at the Australian CSIRO, in collaboration with the Victorian College of Pharmacy, and the Monash University. Zanamivir was the first of the neuraminidase inhibitors. The discovery was initially funded by the Australian biotechnology company Biota and was part of Biota's ongoing program to develop antiviral agents through rational drug design. Its strategy relied on the availability of the structure of influenza neuraminidase by X-ray crystallography.

During that season, zanamivir experienced worldwide safety warnings involving the risk of bronchospasm and death. Glaxo then reduced the marketing of zanamivir, and Tamiflu's dominance increased. More than US$20 million worth of zanamivir sold by Glaxo in the first US season was returned to the company in the next two seasons because its sales to patients were far less than expected. Biota commenced legal proceedings in 2004 alleging Glaxo's reduced marketing of zanamivir to be a breach of contract.

Lilium occidentale is a rare North American species of lily known by the common name western lily. Its species name 'Occidentale' means 'westernmost' and refers to its location along the West Coast. It is native to northwestern California and southwestern Oregon.Center for Plant Conservation Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution mapCalflora taxon report, Lilium occidentale Purdy western lily It grows in coastal prairie habitat, swamps and stagnant bogs with Drosera species, bluffs and sandy cliffs, and seaside spruce forests.

Epidendrum magnoliae, sometimes called Epidendrum conopseum or the green-fly orchid, is a species of orchid in the genus Epidendrum. It is the most northern-growing epiphytic orchid in North America, being found wild in the southeastern United States from Louisiana to North Carolina, and also in northeastern Mexico (Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas).Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map, Epidendrum conopseum'Hágsater, E. & G. A. Salazar. 1990. Orchids of Mexico, pt. 1. Icones Orchidacearum (Mexico) 1: plates 1–100.

Protopsephurus did not only need to rely on the consumption of plankton, and had a body covered with sensory pores. These sensory pores allowed it to forage for zooplankton and identify their swimming and feeding habits. The most powerful of these electroreceptors were ampulla (hair cells), lined along their giant rostrum and allowed them to easily identify and locate their prey.Vertebrate assemblages of the Jehol Biota in western Liaoning, China Xiaolin Wang, Yuanqing Wang, Fan Jin 1 Xing Xu and Yuan Wang.

Geochemists define the biosphere as being the total sum of living organisms (the "biomass" or "biota" as referred to by biologists and ecologists). In this sense, the biosphere is but one of four separate components of the geochemical model, the other three being geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. When these four component spheres are combined into one system, it is known as the Ecosphere. This term was coined during the 1960s and encompasses both biological and physical components of the planet.

Half of the Eugeissona palms will form above- ground stems, while the remainder are trunkless. Those that are trunk-forming are supported by tall masses of stilt roots in which detritus and leaf matter collect, providing nesting to various biota. The large leaves are carried on long, spiny petioles, and the rachises and trunks are also spine-bearing. The erect inflorescence bears some of the largest flowers in the palm family, emerging within the leaf crown featuring both male and bisexual flowers.

Martin Fritz Glaessner AM (25 December 1906 – 23 November 1989) was a geologist and palaeontologist. Born and educated in Austro-Hungarian Empire, he spent the majority of his life in working for geoscientific institutes in Austria, Russia, Australia, and studying the geology of the South Pacific in Papua New Guinea and Australia. Glaessner also did early work on the classification of the pre-Cambrian lifeforms now known as the Ediacaran biota, which he proposed were the early antecedents of modern lifeforms.

The lower section of the lower member represents a relatively well- oxygenated pelagic environment. The lower member then transitions to a section of darker and more clastic layers indicative of anoxic conditions and reduced reef activity. Most of the articulated crinoids and vertebrate fossils of the Guanling biota hail from a dark grey micrite at the base of the lower member's upper section. This is followed by dark grey marls and black shale rich in bivalves, ammonoids, and slightly radioactive clay minerals.

Canadanthus is a North American genus of flowering plant in the daisy family.Nesom, Guy L. 1994. Phytologia 77(3): 250–251 The only known species is Canadanthus modestus, native to northern North America (Alaska, Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, North and South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan).Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map Canadanthus modestus is an herbaceous perennial spreading by means of underground rhizomes, thus producing large colonies.

As the mountains the built while dinosaur were alive began to fall down under their own weight, and eventually the modern Basin and Range began. Early Cenozoic Paleogene records are rare, whereas Late Cenozoic Neogene records are plentiful across the state. These Neogene basins record a diverse mammalian biota including camels, horses, giant ground sloths, rhinos, tapirs, and other common Neogene taxa. During this time much of Nevada is also occupied by oak and redwood forests rather than the modern sagebrush steppe.