Unfortunately, computerized election technology has been repeatedly shown to be insecure.
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Add it to the pile of things to be insecure about.
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That can cause you to be insecure and make bad decisions.
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She may be insecure and alienated, but she's far from alone.
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It's hard not to be insecure when someone points out your flaws.
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I may be insecure, but for crying out loud, I'm not shy.
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I want them to not be insecure about living out their lives.
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You can be ambitious, and still be insecure and cry in the freezer.
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You could be safe in an attachment style, or you could be insecure.
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Smart locks using other protocols have been found to be insecure in the past.
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It has been "heavily targeted" according to the memos and is known to be insecure.
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While there will be some work, for most nonprogrammers work will be insecure and unreliable.
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"I feel really accepting of the things I used to be insecure about," she said.
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But even a recently released update can be insecure or cause unforeseen problems, he said.
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Because to me, this is about showing our kids that we don't need to be insecure.
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While her character is meant to be insecure, her weight doesn't feature prominently in the episode.
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"I feel really accepting of the things I used to be insecure about," she told ESPN.
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Geminis can be insecure, which stems from their inability to shut up and explore their emotions.
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Worse, they can be insecure and vulnerable to hackers who might be trying to snoop your data.
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Your spouse could be envious of your achievements and may be insecure, competitive or just less ambitious.
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Plus, narcissists tend to be insecure, which may result in the feelings of "insignificance" pertinent to white nationalists.
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If you're afraid of hurting someone, that means you're a good person — and shouldn't be insecure about it.
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In other studies, researchers have found that mobile apps used for accessing online banking can also be insecure.
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Illustration by Jim CookeEven technology experts can be insecure on the internet, as last week's "Google Docs" phishing attack demonstrated.
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At the same time, it's proven difficult to kill off particular types of two-factor even after they're shown to be insecure.
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" She added, "Doing the shoot, I was like, 'This is the day where I'm not gonna worry; I'm not gonna be insecure.
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About those PINs: Some people want new ones, given that older PINS were not randomly generated numbers and thus may be insecure.
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They caused me to be insecure, and for all of the hard work that I was doing, that was really frustrating to me.
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"The Strait of Hormuz region must either be safe for all or be insecure for everyone," said General Kioumars Heydari, quoted by Tasnim.
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More and more people in later life do not own their homes but rent privately, in a sector where tenancies can be insecure.
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And my biggest issue is people telling you that you shouldn't be insecure, when deep down you don't like something about your body.
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There's a bigger story here: When technology is found to be insecure, many companies evade any great degree of responsibility for the problems.
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He says he loves me and he's all into me and everything's perfect but I can't help to be insecure because of what's happened.
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"Many consumer products that are connected to the internet are often found to be insecure, putting consumers' privacy and security at risk," said James.
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"But a lot of the sites seem to to be insecure, and the risk of a large-scale massacre at a U.N. base is serious."
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Jenner said she used to be insecure about the size and shape of her ears, but because Stormi inherited her ears, she's learned to love them.
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The fact is, the internet of things is well-known to be insecure as hell and users put their data at risk when using these devices.
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The Allen character in his various incarnations might be insecure, childishly silly, socially hapless (or all of the above), but he was never single for long.
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"It's easy to be insecure when you're doing this job," says Le Bon, who, while enjoying her moment of success, also knows how fleeting it can be.
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"I've learned to live with and not be insecure of my psoriasis, but for days when I want to just cover it up I use this Body Makeup," she said.
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You can be insecure about something and know that it is hurtful without being divisive or tearing this other woman apart — I was adamant about not creating divisions between women.
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"I've learned to live with and not be insecure of my psoriasis, but for days when I want to just cover it up I use this Body Makeup," Kardashian West said.
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" She continued, "I just spent a lot of time teaching my girls not to be insecure just because there was another girl around because you are the most beautiful thing going.
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I never knew that was an area I even had to be insecure about, but now I could never go back to the way it was before, all bumpy and stuff.
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I'm also giving him permission to be insecure, because lord knows a lot of things in this world make it hard for for any of us to accept how good and beautiful we are.
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He wonders: Could some of the same genetic factors that make a young guy bald early and be insecure enough about it to seek medical help also predispose him to reacting badly, physiologically, to finasteride?
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They can be cruel and hurtful, they can be insecure and unfair, they can be selfish and immature, and they can make it seem like any one of those things — or all — are your fault.
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That's why there's often a somewhat blurry line between someone who is lovebombing you and someone who may not have a great sense of boundaries, or who may just be insecure and crave your approval.
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"But I feel like I'm in an amazing songwriting place; instead of being closed off, I'm thinking about positivity and how I can do something creative … now I don't have to be insecure or write about heartache."
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He's argued that this monetary guarantee would allow people to spend more time engaging in hobbies or providing a basic level of financial security when the jobs of auto manufacturers or semi truck drivers may be insecure.
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Yesterday, these additional issues arose from further research into Zoom's partner apps, but the larger problem of Zoom installing a secondary web server that could potentially be insecure began with a zero-day disclosure on July 8th.
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Photo: APThe world's largest consumer drone maker is pushing back amid swelling concerns that its applications may be insecure, as well as rumors that it may be transmitting sensitive user data to China, where the company was founded more than a decade ago.
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To return to the red and blue ball example: Let's say there was someone in the middle you didn't know about, looking at the colored balls before they got to you—then your network would be insecure and would no longer violate Bell's inequality.
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The internet and much of digital computing did indeed emerge from decades of United States defense contracts, beginning as long ago as World War I. Yet the Pentagon itself sloughed off the internet — not knowing quite what to do with it, and rightly judging it to be insecure — to the National Science Foundation.
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Even still, the possible existence of a rogue audio file of a sex toy owner's private moments was a rude awakening to some who have already grown wary of similar devices revealed to be insecure or outright nefarious—the most infamous being We-Vibe, which paid a $3.75 million settlement out of court after being named in a class-action lawsuit over data collection.
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The Democratic senator tasked with overseeing the party's 2018 campaigns says President TrumpDonald John TrumpTrump pushes back on recent polling data, says internal numbers are 'strongest we've had so far' Illinois state lawmaker apologizes for photos depicting mock assassination of Trump Scaramucci assembling team of former Cabinet members to speak out against Trump MORE has shown himself to be "insecure" during his first year in office.
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Here&aposs How Easy It Is to Get Trump Officials to Click on a Fake Link in EmailEven technology experts can be insecure on the internet, as last week's "Google Docs" phishing…Read more ReadWhat you see in the picture above is Keith Schiller, Trump's longtime bodyguard, walking with the president and carrying a folder with Defense Secretary Jim Mattis's private cellphone number written on a sticky note.
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Some designs realized in practice are known to be insecure; the WEP protocol is a notable example, and is prone to related-IV attacks.
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They claim this is an intrinsic weakness in the structure of Helix and Phelix. The authors conclude that they consider Phelix to be insecure.
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It is unknown if versions B and C were tested, however, it was found that version A was also tested and found to be insecure.
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T-52D was also tested by Doering with help from OKW/Chi decipherment machinery and found to be insecure. Both Versions C and D were still being produced even though they were known to be insecure. OKW/Chi had no control over production, with difficulties presented by Army high command accepting their faults. Version T52-E was tested by Dr. Hüttenhain using the new decryption machinery and found to be also insecure.
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They strive to be the best they can be. ; Limitations Blues are the most controlling of the four colors. They can be insecure and judgmental. Lacking trust, they find themselves resentful or unforgiving.
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R-tools connects over TCP port 513 with the command rlogin, r-tools is considered to be insecure because it can be configured to only require a hostname and username; transmissions using r-tools are not encrypted.
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Noi is in love with Takenaga, though she tends to be insecure about their relationship because Takenaga is too shy to openly admit that he likes her. As stated in recent chapters, she's a fan of shoujo manga.
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While James E. Reilly created the character, Davidson was the driving force behind the character's personality. “Susan was supposed to be insecure from a small town, not very worldly, basically kind of ignorant. She had an innocence. I based a lot of it on innocence, not necessarily ignorance.
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He also discovers that Penny can be insecure about their relationship though they make up after Leonard tells her that Alex means nothing to him. At the end of the episode, Penny decides to get over her insecurities by wearing a pair of eyeglasses to look smarter, which makes Leonard feel turned on.
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The name "IDEA" is also a trademark. The last patents expired in 2012, and IDEA is now patent-free and thus completely free for all uses. IDEA was used in Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) v2.0 and was incorporated after the original cipher used in v1.0, BassOmatic, was found to be insecure. IDEA is an optional algorithm in the OpenPGP standard.
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Also, alliteratively, "Bullion Benton"; see Heidler and Heidler, 275. Senator Benton's greatest concern, however, was the territorial expansion of the United States to meet its "manifest destiny" as a continental power. He originally considered the natural border of the U.S. to be the Rocky Mountains but expanded his view to encompass the Pacific coast. He considered unsettled land to be insecure and tirelessly worked for settlement.
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The Life That I Have (sometimes referred to as Yours) is a short poem written by Leo Marks and used as a poem code in the Second World War. In the war, famous poems were used to encrypt messages. This was, however, found to be insecure because enemy cryptanalysts were able to locate the original from published sources. Marks countered this by using his own written creations.
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In July 2013 the Defuse Security Group reported the proprietary encryption used in Synergy 1.6 to be insecure and released an exploit which could be used to passively decrypt the commands sent to the Synergy 1.6 clients. This was solved by using SSL in 1.7. TCP/IP communications (default port 24800) are used to send mouse, keyboard and clipboard events between computers in Synergy 1.
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US National Cryptologic Museum. SIGCUM, also known as Converter M-228, was a rotor cipher machine used to encrypt teleprinter traffic by the United States Army. Hastily designed by William Friedman and Frank Rowlett, the system was put into service in January 1943 before any rigorous analysis of its security had taken place. SIGCUM was subsequently discovered to be insecure by Rowlett, and was immediately withdrawn from service.
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His dream is to become as big and inspirational as the legendary idol Zero. He originally failed the audition multiple times before he was accepted which has caused him to be insecure at times, but has learned what his special skills are (MCing and comedy) and how he fits in to the group. He has a height complex as he is the shortest member in the group. 21 years old.
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Snefru is a cryptographic hash function invented by Ralph Merkle in 1990 while working at Xerox PARC. The function supports 128-bit and 256-bit output. It was named after the Egyptian Pharaoh Sneferu, continuing the tradition of the Khufu and Khafre block ciphers. The original design of Snefru was shown to be insecure by Eli Biham and Adi Shamir who were able to use differential cryptanalysis to find hash collisions.
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Li Mian submitted a petition to Emperor Dezong — who was at Fengtian (奉天, in modern Xianyang, Shaanxi) at the time due to rebellion by Zhu Ci, who had seized Chang'an and declared himself the emperor of a new state of Qin — requesting punishment. Emperor Dezong responded, "I was unable to defend the imperial ancestral temples. Li Mian needs not be insecure." Li Mian subsequently transferred his troops to Liu Qia.
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The T52 secure teleprinter, was tested on an ongoing basis over the war period. Versions T-52A and T52-B were tested by Dr. Hüttenhain in 1939 and found in his words: to be extraordinarily insecure. Versions A and B was already in production. T-52C was tested by Dr Doering, Mathematician stationed at Inspectorate 7/VI, in 1942 was found to be insecure and could be broken using a text of 1000 letters.
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Along with the image of the letter, she wrote "Pence and Kobach are laying the groundwork for voter suppression, plain & simple." A few hours after Gupta's tweet, Kobach confirmed to The Kansas City Star that the letter was authentic. Kobach provided an e-mail address and a website for the election official to electronically submit the personal voter data. The e-mail address lacked basic encryption technology and was found to be insecure.
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DSBL lists IP addresses of hosts that are demonstrated to be insecure. DSBL defines an insecure host as one that allows e-mail to be sent from anyone to anyone else. Normal servers only send mail from their own users to anyone else. Insecure servers are commonly abused by spammers, although DSBL does not claim that the hosts have sent spam or have been abused by spammers; only that they could be.
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The Estonian Internet-voting system uses the Estonian national identity card, which is associated with a PINs unique to each voter: "all Estonians are issued a government ID with a scannable chip and a PIN number that gives them a unique online identity — they can use this identity to file their taxes or pay library fines or buy bus passes." Security experts have found the Estonian voting system to be insecure in multiple ways.
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The wander plug may have pre-dated the banana plug, but was virtually obsolete by the 1970s, by which time most of the equipment requiring them was long obsolete. Wander plugs generally would not inter-mate successfully with banana sockets and attempts to do so by spreading the brass tip often ended with its fracture. The tip of some banana plugs could be forced into some sockets intended for wander plugs, but would invariably be insecure.
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The Quisling coup government remained in place until 15 April, when the Administrative Council was appointed by the Supreme Court of Norway to deal with the civilian administration of the occupied areas of Norway, and Quisling resigned. Haakon VII. He personally refused to accept the German surrender terms and stated he would abdicate the throne if the Norwegian government chose to surrender. In the evening of 9 April, the Norwegian Government moved to Elverum, believing Hamar to be insecure.
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Reasons for this were that the support of England was thought to be insecure, which created the possibility of the domination of the alliance by France. In addition, the German states had many troops at their disposal. The German princes were mainly focused on their own territories because of the struggle between Lutherans and Calvinists. Negotiations were started with the Electorate of the Palatinate and the Electorate of Brandenburg, but the German Emperor blocked the way to an agreement.
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Specifically, for the latter, RADIUS security is based on the MD5 algorithm, which has been proven to be insecure. The main focus of RadSec is to provide a means to secure the communication between RADIUS/TCP peers on the transport layer. The most important use of RadSec lies in roaming environments where RADIUS packets need to be transferred through different administrative domains and untrusted, potentially hostile networks. An example for a world-wide roaming environment that uses RadSec to secure communication is eduroam.
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Ding Hui, the Zhaoyi military governor that Zhu commissioned, surrendered, forcing Zhu to lift the siege on Cang Prefecture and withdraw.Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 265. it was said that over the years, as Liu Rengong became more entrenched in his rule of Lulong, he became even more arrogant, wasteful, and violent. Believing the headquarters in You Prefecture to be insecure, he built a grand mansion at Mount Da'an (大安山, in modern Beijing), which was built like an imperial palace.
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Additionally, in 1994, the scoring algorithm for the computer-adaptive form of the GRE was discovered to be insecure. ETS acknowledged that Kaplan, Inc employees, led by Jose Ferreira, reverse-engineered key features of the GRE scoring algorithms. The researchers found that a test taker's performance on the first few questions of the exam had a disproportionate effect on the test taker's final score. To preserve the integrity of scores, ETS revised its scoring and uses a more sophisticated scoring algorithm.
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There is optimism in the computer industry that larger scale quantum computers will be available around 2030. If a quantum computer of sufficient size were built, all of the public key algorithms based on these three classically hard problems would be insecure. This public key cryptography is used today to secure Internet websites, protect computer login information, and prevent our computers from accepting malicious software. Cryptography that is not susceptible to attack by a quantum computer is referred to as quantum safe, or post-quantum cryptography.
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On Unix, a setuid program is given an environment chosen by its caller, but it runs with different authority from its caller. The dynamic linker will usually load code from locations specified by the environment variables `$LD_LIBRARY_PATH` and `$LD_PRELOAD` and run it with the process's authority. If a setuid program did this, it would be insecure, because its caller could get it to run arbitrary code and hence misuse its authority. For this reason, libc unsets these environment variables at startup in a setuid process.
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All digital signature schemes share the following basic prerequisites regardless of cryptographic theory or legal provision: #;Quality algorithms: Some public- key algorithms are known to be insecure, as practical attacks against them having been discovered. # #; Quality implementations: An implementation of a good algorithm (or protocol) with mistake(s) will not work. # #; Users (and their software) must carry out the signature protocol properly. # #; The private key must remain private: If the private key becomes known to any other party, that party can produce perfect digital signatures of anything whatsoever.
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On one hand, many elders are retired workers that are rehired to the work force as an irregular employee, which account for the majority of workers between 65-69. On the other hand, the regular and irregular employee structure can limit potentially higher elder participation, as "irregular" positions can be insecure and lower paying. As many elders still need to supplement their post- retirement income, the aged worker participation may continue to rise, as 42% of employees above 60 suggest they would like to continue working as long as able.
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It is possible to profile people in a most complete way because the Spew was allowed by the government to be insecure. Stark is hired as a Profile Auditor, someone who tracks other people and their profiles in the Spew in order to track consumer trends. He does this inside the Demosphere, or in DemoTainment Space, which is a virtual reality representation of the Spew. He comes across a woman whose profile seems "too normal" and discovers that she is a cyberpunk, using the Spew to her own advantage without being tracked.
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Within computer systems, two of many security models capable of enforcing privilege separation are access control lists (ACLs) and capability- based security. Using ACLs to confine programs has been proven to be insecure in many situations, such as if the host computer can be tricked into indirectly allowing restricted file access, an issue known as the confused deputy problem. It has also been shown that the promise of ACLs of giving access to an object to only one person can never be guaranteed in practice. Both of these problems are resolved by capabilities.
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It makes controversial claims relating to a basis in attachment theory.Prior & Glaser p 183 Some authors have suggested that attachment, as an aspect of emotional development, is better assessed along a spectrum than considered to fall into two non-overlapping categories. This spectrum would have at one end the characteristics called secure attachment; midway along the range of disturbance would be insecure or other undesirable attachment styles; at the other extreme would be non-attachment.O'Connor & Zeanah, (2003) Agreement has not yet been reached with respect to diagnostic criteria.
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Ambrus' hockey teammates gave him the nickname "The Panther from Csík." Ambrus's income continued to be insecure as he worked a variety of side jobs, and he committed his first robbery of a post office in 1993. After this success, Ambrus continued a string of 27 robberies of banks, post offices, and travel agents that ended with his arrest in 1999, stealing in all about 100 million forints (about half a million US Dollars). He became known as "The Whiskey Robber", because he was often seen drinking whiskey at a nearby pub prior to the robbery.
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In addition to that, Snow showed a strong emotional dependence on Bigby when he left. Before she and Bigby became romantically interested in each other, she tended to be insecure with her life; she and Bigby have a deeply caring and loving relationship. Living with Bigby and their children in the house built for them on Bigby's land, Snow, at last, appears to be happy. She is also one of the most responsible, intelligent, and diligent Fables, while also the most sarcastic, to top it all off she is the only ex-wife of Prince Charming who has children.
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The fire from this gun drove the Germans of I/230 RIR back as far as Dernancourt. Before this counter-attack was launched, Foord, feeling his position to be insecure, requested reinforcement. Two companies of the 18th (Service) Battalion, Highland Light Infantry, were sent forward from the 106th Brigade support line, arriving around the time of the counter-attack, although they suffered significant casualties as they moved down the exposed slope. II and III/230 RIR were unable to get through Dernancourt to reinforce I/230 RIR, due to a tremendous Australian and British bombardment that fell on the village as they approached.
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Thirty seven percent of the population was deemed to be insecure in food access. Weather continued to pose challenges every year, but overall food production grew gradually, and by 2013, production had increased to the highest level since the crisis, to 5.03 million tons cereal equivalent, against a minimum requirement of 5.37 MMT. In 2014 North Korea had an exceptionally good harvest, 5.08 million tonnes of cereal equivalent, almost sufficient to feed the entire population. While food production had recovered significantly since the hardest years of 1996 and 1997, the recovery was fragile, subject to adverse weather and year to year economic shortages.
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RSA BSAFE is a FIPS 140-2 validated cryptography library, available in both C and Java, offered by RSA Security. It was one of the most common ones before the RSA patent expired in September 2000. It also contained implementations of the RCx ciphers, with the most common one being RC4. From 2004 to 2013 the default random number generator in the library was a NIST-approved RNG standard, widely known to be insecure from at least 2006, withdrawn in 2014, suspected to contain an alleged kleptographic backdoor from the American National Security Agency (NSA), as part of its secret Bullrun program.
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The original Lorenz SZ-40 began development in 1937 by the Army Ordnance Development and Testing Group Signal Branch, in conjunction with C. Lorenz AG. Originally no help from OKW/Chi was requested, but in late 1937, Dr. Hüttenhain, Senior Inspector Menzer of OKW/Chi and Dr. Werner Liebknecht, a cryptologic tester from C. Lorenz AG, tested the first SZ-40 and found it could be broken with 1000 letters of text without cribs. Only 100 of these were produced. Model SZ-42 was produced and found to be insecure. Versions A, B and C were designed in conjunction with Dr Hüttenhain and his assistant Dr Karl Stein.
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This includes cryptographic systems which rely on error-correcting codes, such as the McEliece and Niederreiter encryption algorithms and the related Courtois, Finiasz and Sendrier Signature scheme. The original McEliece signature using random Goppa codes has withstood scrutiny for over 30 years. However, many variants of the McEliece scheme, which seek to introduce more structure into the code used in order to reduce the size of the keys, have been shown to be insecure. The Post Quantum Cryptography Study Group sponsored by the European Commission has recommended the McEliece public key encryption system as a candidate for long term protection against attacks by quantum computers.
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Another potential security vulnerability in using asymmetric keys is the possibility of a "man-in-the- middle" attack, in which the communication of public keys is intercepted by a third party (the "man in the middle") and then modified to provide different public keys instead. Encrypted messages and responses must also be intercepted, decrypted, and re-encrypted by the attacker using the correct public keys for different communication segments, in all instances, so as to avoid suspicion. A communication is said to be insecure where data is transmitted in a manner that allows for interception (also called "sniffing"). These terms refer to reading the sender's private data in its entirety.
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The Pyrrhonian skeptic, Sextus Empiricus, questioned the apodicticity of inductive reasoning because a universal rule cannot be established from an incomplete set of particular instances: "When they propose to establish the universal from the particulars by means of induction, they will effect this by a review of either all or some of the particulars. But if they review some, the induction will be insecure, since some of the particulars omitted in the induction may contravene the universal; while if they are to review all, they will be toiling at the impossible, since the particulars are infinite and indefinite".Sextus Empiricus. Outlines of Pyrrhonism trans.
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By the 1920s, the British Government was seeking a replacement for its book code systems, which had been shown to be insecure and which proved to be slow and awkward to use. In 1926, an inter-departmental committee was formed to consider whether they could be replaced with cipher machines. Over a period of several years and at large expense, the committee investigated a number of options but no proposal was decided upon. One suggestion was put forward by Wing Commander Oswyn G. W. G. Lywood to adapt the commercial Enigma by adding a printing unit but the committee decided against pursuing Lywood's proposal.
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Even if a better random number generator is used, it might be insecure (e.g., the seed might be guessable), producing predictable keys and reducing security to nil. (A vulnerability of this sort was famously discovered in an early release of Netscape Navigator, forcing the authors to quickly find a source of "more random" random numbers.) For these applications, truly random numbers are ideal, and very high quality pseudo-random numbers are necessary if truly random numbers, such as coming from a hardware random number generator, are unavailable. Truly random numbers are absolutely required to be assured of the theoretical security provided by the one-time pad -- the only provably unbreakable encryption algorithm.
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This attack, dubbed BERserk, is a result of incomplete ASN.1 length decoding of public key signatures in some SSL implementations, and allows a man-in-the-middle attack by forging a public key signature. In February 2015, after media reported the hidden pre-installation of Superfish adware on some Lenovo notebooks, a researcher found a trusted root certificate on affected Lenovo machines to be insecure, as the keys could easily be accessed using the company name, Komodia, as a passphrase. The Komodia library was designed to intercept client-side TLS/SSL traffic for parental control and surveillance, but it was also used in numerous adware programs, including Superfish, that were often surreptitiously installed unbeknownst to the computer user.
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Some special and specific algorithms have been developed to aid in attacking some public key encryption algorithms – both RSA and ElGamal encryption have known attacks that are much faster than the brute-force approach.Mavroeidis, Vasileios, and Kamer Vishi, "The Impact of Quantum Computing on Present Cryptography", International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 31 March 2018 Major weaknesses have been found for several formerly promising asymmetric key algorithms. The "knapsack packing" algorithm was found to be insecure after the development of a new attack. As with all cryptographic functions, public-key implementations may be vulnerable to side-channel attacks that exploit information leakage to simplify the search for a secret key.
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On 4 April 2005, Richard Mawrey QC (sitting as a judge in an Election Court) declared the result of two wards in Birmingham from the 2004 local elections there void by reason of "widespread fraud" in postal voting committed by the successful Labour candidates. Other local cases, most notably in Bradford, have seen accusations of postal voting frauds committed by other parties. Mawrey stated that he found the system of postal voting to be insecure, and expressed his concerns about whether the government was intending to prevent fraud. Nick Raynsford, a Minister in the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, told Parliament that the government would commit £10 million to improving postal ballot security.
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" While Carey's new musical direction caused tension between her and Columbia, it began to severely strain her relationship with her husband at the time, Tommy Mottola. Mottola had always been involved in Carey's career, because he was the head of Sony Music, the parent company of her label. Since the time of Carey's debut, Mottola had controlled nearly every aspect of her career, keeping her sound carefully regulated and insisting that she continue recording middle-of-the-road pop music, despite her interest in hip hop. Carey confessed that she never tried to change the situation because "[she] used to be insecure and cautious, and so [she] would listen to what the people said.
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MD5 is one in a series of message digest algorithms designed by Professor Ronald Rivest of MIT (Rivest, 1992). When analytic work indicated that MD5's predecessor MD4 was likely to be insecure, Rivest designed MD5 in 1991 as a secure replacement. (Hans Dobbertin did indeed later find weaknesses in MD4.) In 1993, Den Boer and Bosselaers gave an early, although limited, result of finding a "pseudo- collision" of the MD5 compression function; that is, two different initialization vectors that produce an identical digest. In 1996, Dobbertin announced a collision of the compression function of MD5 (Dobbertin, 1996). While this was not an attack on the full MD5 hash function, it was close enough for cryptographers to recommend switching to a replacement, such as SHA-1 or RIPEMD-160.
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Early versions of Netscape's Secure Socket Layer (SSL) encryption protocol used pseudo-random quantities derived from a PRNG seeded with three variable values: the time of day, the process ID, and the parent process ID. These quantities are often relatively predictable, and so have little entropy and are less than random, and so that version of SSL was found to be insecure as a result. The problem was reported to Netscape in 1994 by Phillip Hallam-Baker, then a researcher in the CERN Web team, but was not fixed prior to release. The problem in the running code was discovered in 1995 by Ian Goldberg and David Wagner, who had to reverse engineer the object code because Netscape refused to reveal the details of its random number generation (security through obscurity). That RNG was fixed in later releases (version 2 and higher) by more robust (i.e.
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