These names are derived from the historical autonym nēhiraw (of uncertain meaning) or from the historical autonym iriniw (meaning "person"). Cree using the latter autonym tend to be those living in the territories of Quebec and Labrador.
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Their autonym may be related to the word for stingray, pibilum.
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The autonym Undanbi is formed from their word for 'man' (dan).
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Sadu (autonym: ' (Bai 2012:9)) is a Loloish language of Yuxi, central Yunnan, China.
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Cantan (autonym: ') is a Loloish language of northern Laos. It is closely related to Sinsali.
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The tribal autonym is formed by an apparent suffix gurr- and -goni, their word for 'this'.
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Kulung (autonym: Kulu riŋ, [kulu rɪŋ]) is a Kiranti language spoken by an estimated 33,000 people.
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Bantang (autonym: ') is a Loloish language of northern Laos. It is divergent within the Bisoid (Phunoi) branch.
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Muangphe (autonym: ', ') is a Lolo-Burmese language spoken by about 300 people in Guangnan County, Yunnan, China.
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Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Some Miami have stated that this was only a name used by other tribes for the Miami, and not their autonym. They also use Mihtohseeniaki, "the people." The Miami continue to employ this autonym today. Miami society was divided into clans, led by hereditary chiefs.
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Hlersu (autonym: '; exonym: '; ' autonym reported in Yunnan (1955)云南民族识别参考资料 (1955), p.44) is spoken in 13 townships (50 administrative villages and 143 hamlets) by 4,040 households and 15,737 persons in Xinping, Yuanjiang, and Eshan counties (Xu & Bai 2013:1).
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The Puding County Almanac (1999) reports that the Longjia language (autonym: Songnibao 松泥保) has 38 onsets and 22 rimes (8 simple, 14 complex). The Bijie County Almanac (1996:143) reports that there are many prenasalized onsets. In Dafang County, the autonym is Songlibao 松立保.
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Eremophila jucunda subsp. jucunda is an autonym and therefore the taxonomy is the same as for Eremophila jucunda.
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Limi (autonym: ') is a Loloish language spoken in Yongde, Fengqing, and Yun counties of western Yunnan province, China.
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Eremophila glabra subsp. glabra is an autonym and therefore the taxonomy is the same as for Eremophila glabra.
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Yangliu (autonym: ') is a Loloish language of Yunnan, China. There are 7,000 speakers in Yangliu, Longyang District, Baoshan Prefecture.
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Paʼa, also known as Afa (Afawa) or Fucaka (autonym), is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Bauchi State, Nigeria.
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Tsukong (autonym: ') is a Loloish language of Yunnan, China. It is closely related to the Coong language of northwestern Vietnam.
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Xuzhang (autonym: ') is a Loloish language of Yunnan, China. There are 2,000 speakers in Xuzhang, Wafang, Longyang District, Baoshan Prefecture.
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The oldest mention of the Slavic ethnonym is the 6th century AD Procopius, writing in Byzantine Greek, using various forms such as Sklaboi (), Sklabēnoi (), Sklauenoi (), Sthlabenoi (), or Sklabinoi (), while his contemporary Jordanes refers to the in Latin. The oldest documents written in Old Church Slavonic, dating from the 9th century, attest the autonym as Slověne (). These forms point back to a Slavic autonym which can be reconstructed in Proto-Slavic as , plural Slověne. The reconstructed autonym is usually considered a derivation from slovo ("word"), originally denoting "people who speak (the same language)", i. e.
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Jedek speakers have no autonym (endonym). Nearby Aslian speakers, particular the Jahai and Menriq, refer to them as the Jdɛk [ɟᶽəˈdɛk˺].
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Cauho (autonym: ') is a Loloish language of northern Laos. It is divergent with the Bisoid (Phunoi) branch. Laos is in Asia.
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Paul K. Benedict coined the term Yipho, from Yi and a common autonym element (-po or -pho), but it never gained wide usage.
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By adding sectional ranks to subgenus Andersonia, Bean also established the autonym section Andersonia.Bean, A.R. (2000). A revision of Stylidium subg. Andersonia (R.
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It is sometimes called Pamiwa, the ethnic group's autonym, but it is not to be confused with the Pamigua language, sometimes called Pamiwa.
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The species is named after Italian naturalist Odoardo Beccari. It includes two subspecies, Musa beccarii subsp. beccarii (the autonym) and Musa beccarii subsp. hottana Häkkinen.
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However, Anderson (2008:299) suggests that Lodhi (Lodha) of northern Orissa may be an endangered Munda language; some members use the autonym Sabar or Sabara.
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The Lachi language (, Vietnamese: La Chí; autonym in China: '; autonym in Vietnam: ', where ' means "person") is a Kra language spoken in Yunnan, China and in northern Vietnam. There were 9,500 Lachi speakers in Vietnam in 1990. Edmondson (2008) reports another 2,500 in Maguan County, Yunnan, China for 1995, but Li Yunbing (2000) reports 60 speakers in Maguan out of an ethnic population of 1,600.
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Maang (; autonym: ' or ') or Mo'ang (; autonym: ') is a Lolo-Burmese language of Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan, China and northern Vietnam. The Maang are also locally referred to as the Gāokùjiǎo Yí (高裤脚彝; "High-Trousered Yi") by other local ethnic groups (Zhou 2014:1). Lama (2012) classifies Maang within the Mondzish branch of Lolo–Burmese. Maang has many Zhuang (Central Tai) loanwords (Wang 2018).
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Mangdi (autonym: ') is a Loloish language of Yunnan, China. There are 3,000 speakers in Mangdi, Hepai, Gengma County, Lincang Prefecture, as well as in Cangyuan County.
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The ethnonym, applied to them by other tribes, namely Kokowara, means 'rough speech'. Their autonym, or word for themselves, had not been ascertained as of 1974.
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Piya-Kwonci (Piya, Pia, Wurkum) is a minor West Chadic language cluster of Nigeria consisting of Piya and Kwonci. The autonym for the people is Ambandi.
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The older tribal autonym was Ngarabana, which may have been misheard by white settlers as Arabana, the term now generally accepted by new generations of the Ngarabana.
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Language diversity endangered. New York: Mouton de Gruyter. lists ' as the autonym. In Phongsaly Province, Laos, Phongku is spoken in Phongku Long, Bun Tay District (Kingsada 1999).
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Potaruwutj is an autonym, meaning in their language, "wandering" (-wutj is a suffix meaning "man"), referring to their continuous shifting of their campsites throughout the mallee scrubland.
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Their name derives from their autonym, Ece'je, which means "people." They are also known as the Chama, Ese Eja, Ese Exa, Ese’ejja, Huarayo, Tambopata-Guarayo, or Tiatinagua people.
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Ura (Uramät) is a Papuan language spoken in East New Britain Province on the island of New Britain, Papua New Guinea. Uramät is the autonym of the people.
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Monsang (Monsang, Monshang; autonym: Si:rti) is an unclassified Sino-Tibetan (possibly Sino-Tibetan) language of Northeast India. Scott DeLancey, et al. (2015) classifies Monsang as a "Northwest Naga" language.
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Banksia armata var. ignicida is a variety of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It differs from the autonym (Banksia armata var. armata) in not having a lignotuber.
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"Chácobo" comes from a neighboring language. Their autonym is Nóʔciria, meaning "We who are truly ourselves." They are also known as the Pacaguara, Pacaguara de Ivon, or Pachuara people.
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Mondzi (Munji; autonym: ') is a Lolo-Burmese language spoken by the Yi people of China. Speakers are located mostly in Funing County, Yunnan, China and Hà Giang Province, Vietnam.
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He is mentioned by Fredegar in his Latin chronicle as dux gente Surbiorum que ex genere Sclavinorum:Making of the Slavs, page 331 "ruler of the people of the Surbi (Sorb autonym: Serbja, Serb autonym: Srbi) from the nation of the Sclavenians".Curta, 109. He is the first ruler of the tribe mentioned by name. Fredegar records him being subordinate to the Franks for a long time and then joining the Slavic union of Samo.
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In China, the Miju are known as the Deng 僜人. The Deng number over 1,000 in Zayü County, Tibet, China, with 1,000 of the Deng having the autonym ' (大让), and 130 having the autonym ' (格曼) (Geman). They are also neighbors with the Idu or ' (义都) people. In India, Miju is spoken in Hawai Circle and the Parsuram Kund area of Lohit District, Arunachal Pradesh (Boro 1978,Boro, A. 1978.
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Chepya (autonym: ')Kingsada & Shintani (1999) is a Southern Loloish language of northern Laos. Chepya of Sano Kao village, Bun Tay District, Phongsaly Province, Laos is documented in Kingsada & Shintani (1999).
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Zokhuo (autonym: '), also known as Niuweiba (Cowtail) Phula, is a Loloish language spoken by the Phula people of China. It appears to be the Chökö (Tśökö) of Vietnam (Pelkey 2011).
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Younuo (also spelled Yuno, yōunuò; autonym: ') is a divergent Hmongic language spoken in Longsheng Various Nationalities Autonomous County, Guangxi, China. Mao (2007:129) reports a total of approximately 4,000 speakers.
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Angophora bakeri was first formally described in 1913 by Edwin Cuthbert Hall and in 1986 Gregory John Leach described two subspecies in the journal Telopea, including the autonym, subspecies bakeri.
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Banksia bipinnatifida subsp. bipinnatifida is a subspecies of Banksia bipinnatifida. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra bipinnatifida subsp.
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Banksia borealis subsp. borealis is a subspecies of Banksia borealis. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra borealis subsp.
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Banksia erythrocephala var. erythrocephala is a variety of Banksia erythrocephala. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra erythrocephala var.
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Banksia fraseri var. fraseri is a variety of Banksia fraseri. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra fraseri var.
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Banksia ionthocarpa subsp. ionthocarpa is a subspecies of Banksia ionthocarpa. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra ionthocarpa subsp.
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Banksia plumosa subsp. plumosa is a subspecies of Banksia plumosa. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra plumosa subsp.
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Banksia serratuloides subsp. serratuloides is a subspecies of Banksia serratuloides. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra serratuloides subsp.
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Banksia subpinnatifida var. subpinnatifida is a variety of Banksia subpinnatifida. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra subpinnatifida var.
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"Sirionó" comes from a neighboring language, in which síri means "tucum palm". Their autonym is Miá, meaning "the people." They are also known as the Chori, Ñiose, Qurungua, Tirinié, or Yande people.
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Lami (autonym: ' in Honghe County, meaning 'low status'Bradley, David. 2001. Northern Hani dialects. Paper presented at ICSTLL 34, Kunming, China, 24-28 October 2001.; ) is a Southern Loloish language of Yunnan, China.
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The Snoqualmie are also known as the Snoqualmu, Snoqualmoo, Snoqualmick, Snoqualamuke, or Snuqualmi. Their autonym is Sduk-al-bixw, meaning "strong people of status.""Snoqualmie." Countries and Their Cultures. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
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Ná-Meo (Vietnamese: Na Miểu; autonym: 'Hsiu (2015)) is a language of northern Vietnam, spoken by the Mieu people. Nguyen (2007) believes Na Meo may be a Hmongic language closest to Qiandong Miao.
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Manga (autonym: ') is a Lolo-Burmese language spoken by the Yi people of China. It is spoken in Gedang Village 格当村, Xinhua Township 新华乡, Funing County, Yunnan (Lama 2012).
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Pela or Bola (; autonym: ', exonym: ') is a Burmish language of western Yunnan, China. In China, Pela speakers are classified as part of the Jingpo ethnic group. Pela may also be spoken in Burma.
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Banksia mucronulata subsp. mucronulata is a subspecies of Banksia mucronulata (swordfish dryandra). As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra mucronulata subsp.
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Banksia nobilis subsp. nobilis is a subspecies of Banksia nobilis (golden dryandra). As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra nobilis subsp.
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Banksia pteridifolia subsp. pteridifolia is a subspecies of Banksia pteridifolia(Tangled Honeypot). As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra pteridifolia subsp.
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Two varieties of H. minor are recognised: the autonym H. minor var. minor and H. minor var. pilosa, which is characterised by conspicuous hairs on the pitcher exterior.AIPC Special Issue 4: News of 2011.
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Banksia squarrosa subsp. squarrosa is a subspecies of Banksia squarrosa, commonly called "pingle". As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It was known as Dryandra squarrosa subsp.
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Micha, or Miqie (; autonym: 'Yunnan Province Ethnic Minority Languages Gazetteer (云南省志：少数民族语言文字志) (1997), p.30), is a Loloish language of Yunnan. Usage is declining.
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The autonym of the Cape Fear Indians may have been Daw-hee.Rudes, Blumer, and May pp. 315–316 Their name for the area was Chicora. Of their villages, only one, Necoes, is known by name.
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Banksia leptophylla var. leptophylla is a variety of Banksia leptophylla. It is native to the Southwest Botanical Province of Western Australia. As an autonym, it is defined as containing the type specimen of the species.
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Banksia meisneri subsp. meisneri is a subspecies of Banksia meisneri. It is native to the Southwest Botanical Province of Western Australia. As an autonym, it is defined as containing the type specimen of the species.
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Banksia sphaerocarpa var. sphaerocarpa is a variety of Banksia sphaerocarpa. It is native to the Southwest Botanical Province of Western Australia. As an autonym, it is defined as containing the type specimen of the species.
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Banksia gardneri var. gardneri is a variety of Banksia gardneri. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It is native to the Southwest Botanical Province of Western Australia.
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Jiamao (, Jiamao; also Tái or Sāi) is a Kra-Dai language or possible language isolate spoken in southern Hainan, China. Jiamao speakers' autonym is 1.See Proto-Tai_language#Tones for an explanation of the tone codes.
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The Tonkawa's autonym is ' (meaning "real people"). The name Tonkawa is derived from the Waco tribal word, ', meaning "they all stay together".May, Jon D. Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. "Tonkawa." Retrieved May 30, 2013.
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The meaning of the Taensa name is unknown, although it is believed by anthropologists and linguists to be an autonym. The Chitimacha, the group with which they eventually merged, referred to them by the exonym Chō´sha.
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Correa lawrenceana var. lawrenceana is the implicit autonym of Correa lawrenceana and is endemic to Tasmania. It is a shrub with papery, oblong leaves and pale green, narrow cylindrical flowers arranged singly on the ends of branchlets.
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Eka (autonym: o21 kha24; exonym: Menghua) is a Loloish language of Yunnan, China. There are 3,000 speakers in Yijiacun, Heliu, Shuangjiang County, Lincang Prefecture. Eka speakers claim to have migrated from Weishan County about 300 years ago.
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Language diversity endangered. New York: Mouton de Gruyter. lists law21 sɛŋ21 as the autonym. Kingsada (1999) documents ' of Chaho village, Bun Tay District, Phongsaly Province, while Kato (2008) documents ' of Namnat village, Nyot U District, Phongsaly Province.
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Muak Sa-aak (autonym: mùak sɤ́ʔàak, meaning 'mountain slope') is an Angkuic language spoken in the Burma-China border region by over 4,000 people. It is not to be confused with a similar Angkuic language called Mok.
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Banksia subg. Banksia is a valid botanic name for a subgenus of Banksia. As an autonym, it necessarily contains the type species of Banksia, B. serrata (Saw Banksia). Within this constraint, however, there have been various circumscriptions.
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Banksia ser. Banksia is a valid botanic name for a series of Banksia. As an autonym, it necessarily contains the type species of Banksia, B. serrata (Saw Banksia). Within this constraint, however, there have been various circumscriptions.
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In 1994, Kevin Thiele promoted B. integrifolia var. compar to subspecies rank, publishing another subspecies at the same time. This had the effect of promoting the autonym to subspecies rank also, thus creating B. integrifolia L.f. subsp. integrifolia.
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The Kam language, also known as Gam (autonym: lix Gaeml), or in Chinese, Dong or Tung-Chia, is a Kam–Sui language spoken by the Dong people. Ethnologue distinguishes three Kam varieties as separate but closely related languages.
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Banksia nutans var. nutans is a variety of the plant Banksia nutans. It is native to the Southwest Botanical Province of Western Australia. As an autonym, its name is defined as containing the type specimen of the species.
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Banksia conferta subsp. conferta is a subspecies of Banksia conferta. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species. It grows only in Queensland between the Lamington Plateau and the Glass House Mountains.
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Their autonym is variously translated from their language as "around the plains" and "dwellers on the peninsula". The county was organized by the state legislature from parts of Crawford, Marion, Hardin and Hancock counties on February 3, 1845.
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Kucong (Khucong, Cosung), or Lahlu, is a Loloish language of Yunnan and Vietnam. In Vietnam, the speakers' autonym is ', and are also known as the La Hủ Na 'Black Lahu' (Edmondson 2002). It is very closely related to Lahu.
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Pehriska-Ruhpa of the Dog Band of the Hidatsa, c. 1832–1834, by Karl Bodmer. The Hidatsa, called Moennitarri by their allies the Mandan, are a Siouan-speaking people. The Hidatsa name for themselves (autonym) is Nuxbaaga ("Original People").
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As the autonym for the species, it is based upon the original publication of the species by Curt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel in 1809, but did not come into existence until the publication of E. tannensis subsp. eremophila in 1977.
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Bolyu is one of the Unrecognized ethnic groups in China. Bolyu language (autonym: '; ; also known as Paliu, Palyu, or Lai 俫语, 徕语) is an Austroasiatic language of the Pakanic branch (Sidwell 1995). It is unwritten and moribund.
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London: Routledge Press. Most native speakers live in Lanping, Ninglang, Lijiang, Weixi and Muli. The autonym of the Pumi is ' in Western Prinmi, ' in Central Prinmi, and ' in Northern Prinmi with variants such as ' and '.Pumiyu Fangyan Yanjiu 2001.
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Lavu (; autonym: ') is a Loloish language of Yongsheng County, Yunnan, China. Languages related to Lavu include Liude 六得, Nazha 纳渣, and perhaps Shuitian 水田, Zhili 支里, Luo 倮, Ziyi 子彝, and Liming 黎明.
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Sherman Avenue ca. 1908 The Coeur d'Alene people called themselves by the autonym Schitsu'umsh in Coeur d'Alene, one of the Salishan languages, meaning "those who are found here"Dahlgren et al. p. 2 or "the found ones".Singletary p.
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This species was first described by Martin Vahl in his 1791 Symbolae Botanicae. In 1806 Christiaan Persoon transferred it into Dilivaria, but this was not accepted. Two subspecies are recognised, the autonym A. ebracteatus subsp. ebracteatus, and A. ebracteatus subsp.
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Raojia (; autonym: 'Chen, Qiguang [陈其光] (2013). Miao and Yao language [苗瑶语文]. Beijing: China Minzu University Press. or 'Li Yunbing [李云兵]. 2000. 苗语方言划分遗留问题研究.
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Subspecies fuscolutea is more widespread than the autonym and grows in shrubland between Lake Barker, Hyden and Mount Day near Norseman. Subspecies laevigata is found in the Ravensthorpe Range and along the Fitzgerald River where it grows in woodland and shrubland.
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The Sui people (; autonym: ai33 sui33Diller, Anthony, Jerold A. Edmondson, and Yongxian Luo eds. 2008. The Tai–Kadai Languages. Routledge Language Family Series. Psychology Press.), also spelled as Shui people, are an ethnic group living mostly in Guizhou Province, China.
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Since the series contained B. serrata (Saw Banksia), the type species of Banksia, it was required under the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature to be given the autonym Banksia L.f. ser. Banksia . This has been recognised and corrected in later publications.
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Spathulatae for the species having spoon-shaped cotyledons; in this way they also redefined the autonym B. subg. Banksia. All members of B. ser. Crocinae fall within Mast and Thiele's B. subg. Banksia, but no further details have been published.
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The Mari language and people were known as "Cheremis" (, cheremisy, cheremisskiy yazyk). In medieval texts the variant forms Sarmys and Tsarmys are also found, as well as ; and , Śarmăs before the Russian Revolution. The term Mari comes from the Maris' autonym ().
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Mbugu, or Maʼa, is a mixed language of Tanzania. The Mbugu speak two divergent registers, which have been treated as separate languages by some authorities (e.g. Tucker and Bryan): "Mbugu" or "Normal Mbugu" (autonym kiMbugu) is purely Bantu, with vocabulary closely related to Pare, while "Maʼa" or "Inner Mbugu" (autonym kiMaʼa) consists of an inherited Cushitic vocabulary with Bantu morphology similar to that of Shambala and Pare. They share a grammar, to the point that their syntax is identical and a passage in one can be translated to the other simply by changing the content words.
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Stenolaema is renamed to the autonym A. sect. Adenanthos. This Nelson further divides into two subsections, A. subsect. Anaclastos and A. subsect. Adenanthos. Detailed descriptions of each are given, but Nelson recommends perianth length as the most convenient key for distinguishing between them.
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Bidai has been spelled Biday, Bedies, Bidaises, Beadweyes, Bedies, Bedees, Bidias, Bedais, Midays, Vidais, Vidaes, Vidays. Their name could be Caddo, meaning "brushwood", and having reference to the Big Thicket near the lower Trinity River about which they lived. Their autonym was Quasmigdo.
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Kiong Nai (or Jiongnai, jiǒngnài) is a divergent Hmongic (Miao) language spoken in Jinxiu County, Guangxi, China. The speakers' autonym is pronounced or ; ' means 'mountain', while ' means 'people' (Meng 2001:1). Mao & Li (2002) believe it to be most closely related to She.
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Correa lawrenceana was first formally described in 1834 by William Jackson Hooker who published the description in his journal, The Journal of Botany. In 1855, his son Joseph Dalton Hooker described Correa lawrenceana var. glabra, implicitly creating the autonym C. lawrenceana var. lawrenceana.
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Tasmanian blue gum was first formally described in 1800 by Jacques Labillardière in his book, Relation du Voyage à la Recherche de la Pérouse. In 1974, James Barrie Kirkpatrick described four subspecies of E. globulus and E. globulus subsp. globulus became the autonym.
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The first recorded use of the term "Türk" or "Türük" as an autonym is contained in the Old Turkic inscriptions of the Göktürks (Celestial Turks) of Central Asia (c. AD 735).Scharlipp, Wolfgang (2000). An Introduction to the Old Turkish Runic Inscriptions.
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Nuomei (; autonym: ')云南民族识别参考资料 (1955), p.61 is a Southern Loloish language of Yunnan, China. Nuomei is spoken in Yuanjiang Hani, Yi and Dai Autonomous County, and Jinping Miao, Yao, and Dai Autonomous County.
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Ludwig Diels reclassified the genus in his 1906 monograph of the family, placing the erect and scrambling tuberous Drosera in section Polypeltes. Another reclassification occurred in 1977, when Larry Eugene DeBuhr corrected Diels' section name to the correct and older autonym, sect. Ergaleium.
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Itelmen (autonym: itənmənFortescue, Michael. 2005. Comparative Chukotko–Kamchatkan Dictionary. Trends in Linguistics 23. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.) or Western Itelmen, formerly known as Western Kamchadal, is a language of the Chukotko-Kamchatkan family spoken on the western coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula.
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No formal definition of B. subser. Banksia was given, but as an autonym its type species is necessarily that of the genus, B. serrata. Its three species are all native to the east coast of Australia. The placement and circumscription of B. subser.
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Cosao (autonym: ';Bai (2015:1) ) is a Loloish language of China and Laos. The Cosao call themselves ', but are referred to by other ethnic groups as the Paijiao people (排角人). They are officially classified by the Chinese government as ethnic Hani people.
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Mantsi (autonym: '; also called Lolo, Flowery Lolo, or Red Lolo, is a Lolo- Burmese language spoken the Yi people of China, and the Lô Lô people of Vietnam. Mantsi has 40 initials, 27 vowels (11 monophthongs and 13 diphthongs), and 6 tones (Lama 2012).
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Enu or Ximoluo (; autonym: ' (Jiang, et al. 2009:4)) is a Hanoish language of the Bi-Ka branch spoken by 14,000 people of the Hani ethnic group (Jiang, et al. 2009). It is spoken in the counties of Mojiang, Jiangcheng, and Luchun in Yunnan, China.
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Munyo (Korokoro, Munyo Yaya, Munyoyaya; autonym: afaan munyoti) is a variety of the Oromo language spoken by the Munyoyaya people of northeast Tana River County in Kenya. It is similar to the neighbouring Orma language and is regarded as a dialect of Orma by Ethnologue.
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The name was first published at sectional rank as Dryandra verae in 1830, before being renamed Eudryandra in 1847, the replaced by the autonym at subgenus rank in 1996. It was ultimately discarded in 2007 when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk Dryandra into Banksia.
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"Yuqui" has been used by Spanish-speakers since the colonial period. A possibility is the word derived from "Yaqui," meaning "younger relative." Their autonym is "Mbia," a Tupi-Guaraní term means "the people." They are also known as the Bia, Yuki, Yukí, or Yuquí people.
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Sanie (autonym: ' or ') is a Loloish language of Yunnan, China. It is similar to Samataw. There were 17,320 ethnic Sanie in 1998, but only about 8,000 spoke the Sanie language fluently. The Sanie are also known as the White Yi (白彝) (Bradley 1997).
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The Algonquin autonym Anishinaabe, or Anishinabe, is used as a cross-tribal term in Algonquian-majority areas, such as Anishnabe Health, Anishnabe Education, and Training Circle. The term is also used among historically Anishinaabe peoples in the Upper Midwest region of the United States.
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Traditionally, the Peoria spoke a dialect of the Miami-Illinois language. The name "Peoria" derives from their autonym or name for themselves in the Illinois language, peewaareewa (modern pronunciation peewaalia). Originally it meant, "Comes carrying a pack on his back."Peoria Indian Tribal History.
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The Mulam language is a Kam–Sui language spoken mainly in Luocheng County, Hechi, northern Guangxi by the Mulao people. The greatest concentrations are in Dongmen and Siba communes. Their autonym is mu6 lam1.See Proto- Tai_language#Tones for an explanation of the tone codes.
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Mango (autonym: ') is a Lolo-Burmese language spoken by just under 50 people in Guangnan County, Yunnan, China. Mango is spoken in the two villages of Mumei 木美 (Mango: ') and Zhelai 者赖 (Mango: '), both located in Babao Town 八宝镇 (Mango: ').
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Proposals and Disposals Database, Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Accessed 2 December 2009. Two varieties of S. affine have been described in the past, the first of which were S. affine var. minus and the autonym S. affine var.
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Banksia subser. Banksia is a valid botanic name for a subseries of Banksia. It was first used by Kevin Thiele in 1996, although as an autonym it is not considered to have been published per se. It was discarded by Alex George in 1999.
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Eucalyptus pauciflora was first formally described in 1827 by Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel from an unpublished description by Franz Sieber and Sprengel's description was published in Systema Vegetabilium. When Lawrie Johnson and Donald Blaxell published subspecies debeuzevillei and niphophila, subspecies pauciflora became the autonym.
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Under modern botanical nomenclature rules, the publication of subspecies B. i. subsp. compar automatically created the autonym B. i. subsp. integrifolia, to encompass the type material. The most recent classical taxonomic treatment of Banksia first appeared in Alex George's 1981 monograph The genus Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae).
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Pholo (autonym: ') is an unclassified Loloish language of Yunnan, China. Although culturally associated with the Phula languages, Pelkey (2011) does not consider it to be linguistically related to the Phula languages. Pholo speakers are also referred to as Black Phula and Flowery Phula (Pelkey 2011:176).
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Chengdu: Sichuan People's Press [四川民族出版社]. The Sani call themselves . Their language is distinct from the closely related Samei, whose speakers call themselves Sani . Another group known as the Sa 撒 (autonym: Sani 撒尼) lives in Qiubei County (Yunnan 1960).
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Biao Mon (autonym: ')Mao Zongwu [毛宗武]. 2004. A study of Mien dialects [Yao zu Mian yu fang yan yan jiu 瑤族勉语方言研究]. Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House [民族出版社]. is a Mienic language of Guangxi province, China.
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The town of Muzo was called Villa de la Santísima Trinidad de los Muzos, or simply Trinidad, when the Spanish conquistadors first founded the settlement in western Boyacá. Muzo is the autonym of the Muzo, the indigenous people who inhabited the region before the Spanish conquest.
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The Five Nations historically referred to themselves by the autonym, Haudenosaunee, meaning "People of the Longhouse". This name is occasionally preferred by scholars of Native American history, who consider the name "Iroquois" derogatory.c.f. Kasak, Ryan M. (2016). "A distant genetic relationship between Siouan-Catawban and Yuchi".
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Their autonym Sugpiaq derives from suk, meaning "person" and -piaq, meaning "real." The term Alutiiq derives from the Russian term for the Aleut people. According to Ethnologue, earlier terms for the Chugach such as Chugach Eskimo, South Alaska Eskimo, Sugpiak Eskimo, and Sugpiaq Eskimo, are pejorative.
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A type specimen (B 100294474) collected by Georgiana Molloy at Vasse River is held in the Herbarium Berolinense, Berlin (B). Four subspecies have been published, including the autonym. In 1864, George Bentham published three varieties: var. albiflora, which is now a synonym of D. macrantha and var.
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Proto-Loloish is the reconstructed ancestor of the Loloish languages. Reconstructions include those of David Bradley (1979), James Matisoff (2003), and Ziwo Lama (2012). In later publications, in place of Loloish, David Bradley instead uses the term Ngwi based on a conservative autonym in the Sanie language.Bradley, David. 2005.
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The English and other Europeans initially adopted the name that the Yahgan, a competing indigenous tribe whom they met first in central and southern Tierra del Fuego, used for these people: Alacaluf or Halakwulup (meaning "mussel eater" in the Yahgan language). Their own name for themselves (autonym) is Kawésqar.
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Sapuan (autonym: səpuar) is a Mon–Khmer language spoken in the single village of Ban Sapuan, located approximately 40 km north of Attapeu. Jacq and Sidwell (1999) provide a short grammar. Sidwell (2003) reports a population of just under 1,000. Chazée (1999:93) gives a lower estimate of 480.
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Micha (' or ') is most closely related to Lipo, Lolopo, and Lisu (Gao 2014). The autonym 'Yunnan Province Ethnic Minority Languages Gazetteer (云南省志：少数民族语言文字志) (1997), p.57 is used by Lalo speakers, and should not be confused with Micha.
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Although distinct lignotuberous and non-lignotuberous forms of B. ashbyi had long been recognised, they were not formally described as taxa until 2008, when Alex George published the lignotuberous form as B. ashbyi subsp. boreoscaia, thus invoking the autonym B. ashbyi subsp. ashbyi for the non-lignotuberous form.
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Levenhookia sect. Levenhookia is a section of two to three recognized species in the family Stylidiaceae. Section Levenhookia was originally described by Mildbraed as section Eulevenhookia, which was later changed to the current section title Levenhookia as an autonym since it is the type section.Mildbraed, J. (1908). Stylidiaceae.
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The Nez Perce (; autonym: , meaning "the walking people" or "we, the people")Aoki, Haruo. 1994. Nez Perce Dictionary. Berkeley: University of California Press. are an Indigenous people of the Plateau who have lived on the Columbia River Plateau in the Pacific Northwest region for at least 11,500 years.
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Lakkia people are also known as the Cháshān Yáo 茶山瑶, meaning "Tea Mountain Yao", since they were traditionally considered by neighboring peoples to be ethnic Yao people. The name Lakkia is an autonym (self-designated name) that means "mountain people". All Lakkia dialects have 5 tones.
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Caladenia leptochila was first formally described by Robert FitzGerald in 1882 and the description was published in The Gardener's Chronicle from a specimen collected on Mount Lofty. In 2008 a new subspecies (Caladenia leptochila subsp. dentata) was described, with the result that Caladenia leptochila subsp. leptochila became an autonym.
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Caladenia applanata was first formally described in 2001, Stephen Hopper and Andrew Phillip Brown. Hopper and Brown described two subspecies including the autonym Caladenia applanata subsp. applanata and the description was published in Nuytsia. The specific epithet (applanata) is a Latin word meaning "flattened", referring to the broad labellum.
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This is from the 1498 edition published in Lübeck, one of the major Hanseatic cities. The typeface is typical for the blackletter used in MLG printing. Middle Low German or Middle Saxon (autonym: Sassisch, i.e. "Saxon", Standard High German: ', Modern Dutch: ') is a developmental stage of Low German.
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Gepo (Köpu; autonym: 'Chen Shilin [陈士林], et al. 1985. Yiyu jianzhi [彝语简志], p.108. Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House [民族出版社]. or ko55 phu21Yunnan Province Ethnic Minority Languages Gazetteer (云南省志：少数民族语言文字志), p.
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Neapolitan (autonym: (’o n)napulitano ; ) is a Romance language of the Italo- Dalmatian group spoken across much of southern Italy, except for southern Calabria, southern Apulia, and Sicily,J.-P. Cavaillé; Le napolitain : une langue majoritaire minorée. 09 mars 2007.The Guardian for the list of languages in the Unesco site.
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Aluo (autonym: ';Yunnan Province Ethnic Minority Languages Gazetteer (云南省志：少数民族语言文字志), p.30 Naluo) is a Loloish language spoken by the Yi people of China. It is also known by its Nasu name Laka (also Gan Yi, Yala, Lila, Niluo).
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Banksia conferta was first formally described in 1981 by Alex George in the journal Nuytsia. In the same publication he described two varieties, conferta and penicillata. In 1996, George raised the variety penicillata to subspecies - B. conferta subsp. penicillata, at the same time creating the autonym B. conferta subsp. conferta.
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Caijia () is an endangered Sino-Tibetan language spoken in an area centred on Bijie, in the west of the Chinese province of Guizhou. It was discovered in the 2000s. It has been described by different authors as a relative of Bai or an early split from Old Chinese. The autonym is '.
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Nuobi (autonym: Lolbiq;Zhang Peizhi [张佩芝]. 1998. Comparative vocabulary of Ha- Ya dialects [哈尼语哈雅方言土语词汇对照]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Press [云南民族出版社]. '云南民族识别参考资料 (1955), p.
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A phenetic analysis of the genus undertaken by Ernest Charles Nelson in 1975 yielded results in which the members of A. sect. Eurylaema occurred together.Nelson (1975) 1: 130. Nelson therefore retained Bentham's two sections in his 1978 revision of Adenanthos, though A. sect Stenolaema was renamed to the autonym A. sect.
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The Nyoro language (autonym: Runyoro) is a local bantu language of the Nyoro people of Uganda. It belongs to the Niger–Congo family, Benue–Congo subgroup, Bantu branch (Nyoro–Ganda group). Its Ethnologue code is NYR, ISO 639-2: nyo. It probably has two dialects: Orunyoro (Nyoro proper) and Rutagwenda.
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The term "rape" derives from the Latin word for turnip, rapa or rapum, cognate with the Greek word rhapys. The species Brassica napus belongs to the flowering plant family Brassicaceae. Rapeseed is a subspecies with the autonym B. napus subsp. napus. It encompasses winter and spring oilseed, vegetable and fodder rape.
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He also published the first infrageneric arrangement of the genus, dividing it into two sections, with A. terminalis placed in A. sect. Stenolaema because its perianth tube is straight and not swollen above the middle. This arrangement still stands today, though A. sect. Stenolaema is now renamed to the autonym A. sect. Adenanthos.
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Dryandra favosa was accepted as a species by Carl Meissner in 1845, but declared a taxonomic synonym of D. armata by him in 1856. The latter view was taken by George Bentham his 1870 Flora Australiensis. In 1996, Alex George published Dryandra armata var. ignicida, thereby invoking the autonym D. armata var. armata.
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The Chamacoco are also known as the Ishiro, Yshiro, Jeywo, Yshyro, Xamicoco, Xamacoco, or Yshyr people. Their autonym is Ishír. The term ɨshɨr (also spelled Ishir or Yshyr) properly means 'person', but now is also used with the meaning of 'indigenous' in opposition to the Paraguayan people, who are called Maro.Ciucci, Luca 2013.
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Spathulatae for the species having spoon-shaped cotyledons; in this way they also redefined the autonym B.subg. Banksia. They foreshadowed publishing a full arrangement once DNA sampling of Dryandra was complete. In the meantime, if Mast and Thiele's nomenclatural changes are taken as an interim arrangement, then B.aemula is placed in B.subg. Banksia.
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Zaiwa (autonym: '; Tsaiwa, Tsaiva, 载瓦, Burmese: အဇီး) is a Burmish language spoken in parts of China and Burma. There are around 100,000 speakers. It is also known as Atsi, its name in Jingpo. Other names for the language include Atzi, Azi, Aci, Aji, Atshi, Atsi-Maru, Maru, Zi, Tsaiwa, Szi and Xiaoshanhua.
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Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics. In Nậm Sài, Sa Pa Town, the speakers' autonym is ', while in Sơn La Province it is ' (Edmondson 1999). The people are also called the Phù Lá Lão by the Vietnamese. Edmondson considers Laghuu to be related to but not part of the Yi language complex of China.
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Ai-Cham (autonym: '; ) is a Kam–Sui language spoken mainly in Diwo 地莪 and Boyao 播尧 Townships, Jialiang District, Libo County, Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou, China. Alternative names for the language are Jiamuhua, Jinhua and Atsam. Fang-Kuei Li first distinguished the language in 1943. Nearby languages include Bouyei and Mak.
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Namuyi (Namuzi; autonym: ') is a poorly attested Tibeto-Burman and more specifically Naic language of Sichuan and Tibet. It has also been classified as Qiangic by Sun Hongkai (2001) and Guillaume Jacques (2011). The eastern and western dialects have low mutual intelligibility. In Sichuan, it is spoken in Muli County and Mianning County.
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Longsang Zhuang () is an underdescribed Northern Tai language spoken in Longsang Township 隆桑镇, Debao County, Guangxi, China. Although its autonym and exonym are both A1-G,See Proto-Tai_language#Tones for an explanation of the tone codes. it is completely distinct from Yang Zhuang, a Central Tai language (Liao 2016:377).
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Dynamics of Language Contact in China: Ethnolinguistic Diversity and Variation in Yunnan. PhD Dissertation: University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa. classifies Geipo (autonym: ) as a Central Ngwi language. In Wuding County, it is spoken by 250 people in Gubai Village, Shishan Township and by 30 people in Yaoying Village, Shishan Township in Micha-majority villages.
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Woni (; autonym: ') is a Southern Loloish language spoken in Zhenyuan Yi, Hani and Lahu Autonomous County and Xinping Yi and Dai Autonomous County of Yunnan, China. The most extensive description of Woni to date is that of Yang (2016).Yang Yan [杨艳]. 2016. Haniyu Wonihua yanjiu [哈尼语窝尼话研究].
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The word Ioway comes from Dakotan ayuxbe via French aiouez. Their autonym (their name for themselves) is Bah-Kho-Je, pronounced (alternate spellings: pahotcha, pahucha, báxoje,), which translates to "grey snow". Báxoje has been incorrectly translated as "dusted faces" or "dusty nose". The state of Iowa, where they once lived, was named after this tribe.
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It is uncertain where the word 'Arapaho' came from. Europeans may have derived it from the Pawnee word for "trader", iriiraraapuhu, or it may have been a corruption of a Crow word for "tattoo". The Arapaho autonym is or ("our people" or "people of our own kind"). They refer to their tribe as (Arapaho Nation).
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The Dongxiang people (autonym: Sarta or Santa (撒尔塔); , Xiao'erjing: دْوݣسِيْاݣذُ) are one of 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. Most of the Dongxiang live in the Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture and surrounding areas of Gansu Province in Northwestern China. According to the 2010 census, their population numbers 621,500.
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The Bumang autonym is ' (Dao Jie 2007). In China, the Bumang are classified as part of the Dai nationality. Bumang speakers are surrounded by speakers of White Tai (Tai Don), Black Tai (Tai Dam), and Pu'er Dai. Bumang women's clothing is identical to that of the Kháng, Ksingmul, White Tai, and Black Tai (Edmondson 2010).
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Bradley (2004)Bradley, David. 2004. Endangered Central Ngwi Languages of Central Yunnan. Keynote Presentation, 37th International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics, Lund University, Sweden. reports that Talu (autonym: ') is spoken in Yongsheng, Ninglang and Huaping counties by 10,138 people, mainly in 4 villages of Liude Township 六德乡 in northeastern Yongsheng County.
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Bagirmi (also Baguirmi; autonym: ɓarma) is the language of the Baguirmi people of Chad, belonging to the Nilo-Saharan family. It was spoken by 44,761 people in 1993, mainly in the Chari-Baguirmi Region, as well as in Mokofi sub- prefecture of Guéra Region.Oxfam and Office National de Développement Rural (ONDR). 2016. Atlas de la vulnérabilité dans le Guera.
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The E language's unusual pinyin-transliterated name, which is also an autonym, consists of a single letter e. The character, which is written "诶" in Simplified Chinese and "誒" in Traditional Chinese, usually denotes an expression of affirmation. The language's speakers also refer to their language as Kjang E. Wusehua is a derogatory name for E.
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A painting of B. sessilis var. sessilis by Ferdinand Bauer As the autonymous variety, B. sessilis var. sessilis encompasses the type material of the species; thus collections of this variety date back to the 1791 visit of Archibald Menzies to King George Sound. However the autonym was not needed until 1996, when Alex George published the other three varieties.
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The Hidatsa's autonym is Hiraacá. According to the tribal tradition, the word hiraacá derives from the word "willow"; however, the etymology is not transparent and the similarity to mirahací ‘willows’ inconclusive. The present name Hidatsa was formerly borne by one of the three tribal villages. When the villages consolidated, the name was adopted for the tribe as a whole.
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Their autonym is Nentego, which means, "Tidewater People." The Nanticoke chiefdoms are now described as the Wicomoco, Monie and Manokin, which occupied areas along the rivers that were named after them. The Nanticoke had an extensive trading network with tribes throughout the Chesapeake Bay area. Early accounts described the Nanticoke tribes as the Arseek, Cuscarawoc, and Nause.
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Stenolaema is now renamed to the autonym A. sect. Adenanthos. Bentham also published a variety, A. sericea var. brevifolia (now A. macropodianus) based on specimens collected from Kangaroo Island in South Australia. This broad view of A. sericea continued into the 20th century, with several other species included in it, including A. oreophila and A. cygnorum.
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Levantine Arabic (autonym: , , , ) is a sprachbundAl-Jallad, Ahmad. 2012. Ancient Levantine Arabic A Reconstruction based on the Earliest Sources and the Modern Dialects. (Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University; 452pp.) of modern spoken Arabic in the Levant. With numerous dialects and over 30 million native speakers worldwide, it is considered one of the five major varieties of Arabic.
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The first post office at Winnebago was established in 1867. It was named for the federally recognized Winnebago tribe, A 1925 edition is available for download at University of Nebraska—Lincoln Digital Commons. whose name for themselves (autonym) is Ho- Chunk; they have a reservation in the county. The village is Nįšoc in the Hoocąk language.
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The Cahuilla language is in the Uto-Aztecan family. A 1990 census revealed 35 speakers in an ethnic population of 800. It is critically endangered, since most speakers are middle-aged or older. In their own language, their autonym is ʔívil̃uqaletem, and the name of their language is ʔívil̃uʔat (Ivilyuat), however they also call themselves táxliswet meaning 'person'.
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The name Onondaga derives from the name of the Native American tribe who lived in this area at the time of European contact, one of the original Five Nations of the Haudenosaunee. They called themselves (autonym) Onoda'gega, sometimes spelled Onontakeka. The word means "People of the Hills." Sometimes the term was Onondagaono ("The People of the Hills").
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Spathulatae for the species having spoon- shaped cotyledons; in this way they also redefined the autonym B. subg. Banksia. They foreshadowed publishing a full arrangement once DNA sampling of Dryandra was complete; in the meantime, if Mast and Thiele's nomenclatural changes are taken as an interim arrangement, then B. lemanniana is placed in B. subg. Banksia.
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Spathulatae for the species having spoon-shaped cotyledons; in this way they also redefined the autonym B. subg. Banksia. They foreshadowed publishing a full arrangement once DNA sampling of Dryandra was complete. In the meantime, if Mast and Thiele's nomenclatural changes are taken as an interim arrangement, then B. elegans is placed in B. subg. Banksia.
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Soddo (autonym kəstane "Christian"; formerly called Aymälläl in Western sources, after a particular dialect of it) is a Gurage language spoken by a quarter million people in southeastern Ethiopia. It is an Ethiopian Semitic language of the Northern Gurage subfamily. Its native speakers, the Soddo Gurage people (Kistane), live predominantly in the Soddo district of the Gurage Zone.
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The Kam language (autonym: ) is a Tai–Kadai (Chinese: Zhuang–Dong) language. Ethnologue distinguishes between two Kam languages, with the codes for Southern Kam (Southern Dong) and for Northern Kam (Northern Dong). Sui, Maonan, and Mulao are the languages most closely related to Kam. Historically, Northern Kam has been influenced by Chinese much more than has Southern Kam.
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The Qabiao people (Vietnamese: Pu Péo) are an ethnic group living in Hà Giang Province, Vietnam, and Yunnan province, China. The total population was 903 as of the 2019 census, while Liang (2007) cites a total population of 777. In China, they are classified with the Yi people (Liang 2007). Their autonym is ' (Liang 2007:4).
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Accessed 8/30/06 The Puyuma speak the Puyuma language, as well as Mandarin and Taiwanese Hokkien. The name "Puyuma" means "unity" or "concord", and was originally the autonym of the speakers of the Nanwang dialect. Zeitoun and Cauquelin (2006) also note that the word Puyuma can be analyzed as pu'-uma, which means "to send to the field".
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Spathulatae for the species having spoon-shaped cotyledons; in this way they also redefined the autonym B. subg. Banksia. They foreshadowed publishing a full arrangement once DNA sampling of Dryandra was complete. In the meantime, if Mast and Thiele's nomenclatural changes are taken as an interim arrangement, then B. serrata is placed in B. subg. Banksia.
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Spathulatae for the species having spoon-shaped cotyledons; in this way they also redefined the autonym B. subg. Banksia. They foreshadowed publishing a full arrangement once DNA sampling of Dryandra was complete; in the meantime, if Mast and Thiele's nomenclatural changes are taken as an interim arrangement, then B. epica is placed in B. subg. Banksia.
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Subspecies stockeri grows in woodland on stony ridges with little soil and is only known from the Stannary Hills west of Atherton. Subspecies peninsularis is more widespread than the autonym and grows in forest and woodland on river levees and gently-sloping hills, and is found from some of the Torres Strait Islands south to the Palmer River on Cape York.
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Umbundu, or South Mbundu (autonym ), one of many Bantu languages. It is the most widely spoken autochthonous language of Angola. Its speakers are known as Ovimbundu and are an ethnic group constituting a third of Angola's population. Their homeland is the Central Highlands of Angola and the coastal region west of these highlands, including the cities of Benguela and Lobito.
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The Europeans and Americans adopted names that other tribes used for the Assiniboine; they did not until later learn the tribe's autonym, their name for themselves. In Siouan, they traditionally called themselves the Hohe Nakota. With the widespread adoption of English, however, many now use the name that became common in English. The English adopted Assiniboine, used by the Canadian French colonists.
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The name "Passamaquoddy" is an anglicization of the Passamaquoddy word peskotomuhkati, the prenoun form (prenouns being a linguistic feature of Algonquian languages) of Peskotomuhkat (pestəmohkat), their autonym or name they used for themselves. Peskotomuhkat literally means "pollock-spearer" or "those of the place where pollock are plentiful",Erickson, Vincent O. 1978. "Maliseet-Passamaquoddy". In Northeast, ed. Bruce G. Trigger. Vol.
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Studi in Onore Di Piero Meloni in Occasione Del Suo Settantesimo Compleanno, 1992, 165–175. The adjective "Nuragic" is neither an autonym nor an ethnonym. It derives from the island's most characteristic monument, the nuraghe, a tower-fortress type of construction the ancient Sardinians built in large numbers starting from about 1800 BCE. Today more than 7,000 nuraghes dot the Sardinian landscape.
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It was first published by Robert Brown in 1810, as the only species of Enchylaena. Since that time a number of putative new species have been published based on specimens that are now referred to this species; hence it has a number of taxonomic synonyms. Two varieties are recognised: the autonym E. tomentosa var. tomentosa, and a less woolly variety, E. tomentosa var.
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Paza (Phusang, Phosang, Phousang, Basar, Bazar, (Pusa?); autonym: ') is a Loloish language of northern Laos. Paza speakers consist of 2,100 people distributed in 8 villages of Ban Phusang Mai, Muang Samphan, Phongsaly, and 1 village in Oudomxay. It is documented as "Phusang" in Kato (2008), which has a brief word list of the language collected from Phusangkao village, Samphan District.
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Pa Na (; autonym: ') is a Hmongic language spoken by about 1,000 people in Shangpai 上排, Zhongpai 中排, and Xiapai 下排 of Chengbu County, and Huangshuangping 黄双坪, Suining County in Hunan, China. It is also called "Red Miao." Yoshihisa Taguchi (2012)Yoshihisa Taguchi [田口善久] (2012). On the Phylogeny of the Hmong- Mien languages .
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Tahitian (autonym , part of , languages of French Polynesia) correspond to "languages of natives from French Polynesia," and may in principle designate any of the seven indigenous languages spoken in French Polynesia. The Tahitian language specifically is called (See Charpentier & François 2015: 106). is a Polynesian language, spoken mainly on the Society Islands in French Polynesia. It belongs to the Eastern Polynesian group.
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Cao Miao (; autonym: 'Shi (2015:1)) is a variety of Dong (Kam) according to Shi Lin (2012).Shi Lin [石林] (2012). The Cao Miao language of three provinces and its relationship to Dong [三省坡草苗的语言及其与侗语的关系]. In Minzu Yuwen [民族语文] 2012, no. 4.
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A Kwakwakaʼwakw wedding ceremony in 1914 The Kwakwakaʼwakw today number about 5,500, who live in British Columbia on northern Vancouver Island and the mainland. They are also known as Kwakiutl in English, from one of their tribes, but they prefer their autonym Kwakwakaʼwakw. Their indigenous language, part of the Wakashan family, is Kwakʼwala. The name Kwakwakaʼwakw means "speakers of Kwakʼwala".
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This clade is however, not particularly close to the clade that corresponds to B. ser. Ochraceae. Early in 2007 Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement of Banksia by transferring Dryandra into it, and publishing B. subg. Spathulatae for the species having spoon-shaped cotyledons; in this way they also redefined the autonym B. subg. Banksia. All members of B. ser.
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Longjia (autonym: ') is a Sino-Tibetan language of Guizhou, China related to Caijia and Luren. Longjia may already be extinct (Zhao 2011). The Longjia people now speak Southwestern Mandarin, though they used to speak their own language, and have had a long presence in western Guizhou. According to the Guizhou Ethnic Gazetteer (2002),Guizhou Province Gazetteer: Ethnic Gazetteer [贵州省志.
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Masalit (autonym Masala/Masara) () is a Maban language spoken by the Masalit people in western Darfur, Sudan. A group of Masalit known as the Massalat moved west into central-eastern Chad and have almost entirely switched to Arabic. Their ethnic population in Chad was as of the 1993 census, but only 10 speakers of their language were reported in 1991.
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Since the name Banksia tenuifolia had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet for D. tenuifolia and hence for this variety of it. As with other members of Banksia ser. Dryandra, it is endemic to the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species.
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Since the name Banksia speciosa had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet for D. speciosa and hence for this subspecies of it. As with other members of Banksia ser. Dryandra, it is endemic to the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species.
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Since the name Banksia ferruginea had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet for D. ferruginea and hence for this subspecies of it. As with other members of Banksia ser. Dryandra, it is endemic to the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species.
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Since the name Banksia longifolia had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet for D. longifolia and hence for this subspecies of it. As with other members of Banksia ser. Dryandra, it is endemic to the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species.
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Since the name Banksia conferta had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet for D. conferta and hence for this variety of it. As with other members of Banksia ser. Dryandra, it is endemic to the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species.
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Since the name Banksia lindleyana had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet for D. lindleyana and hence for this variety of it. As with other members of Banksia ser. Dryandra, it is endemic to the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species.
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Since the name Banksia lindleyana had already been used, Mast and Thiele had to choose a new specific epithet for D. lindleyana and hence for this subspecies of it. As with other members of Banksia ser. Dryandra, it is endemic to the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia. As an autonym, it is defined as encompassing the type material of the species.
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Drosera peltata was first described by Carl Peter Thunberg in 1797. Due to its large range and varied habit, D. peltata has accumulated a number of synonyms and infraspecific taxa, including varieties and subspecies. Most subspecies have been reduced to synonymy, but the two taxa that are still considered valid are D. peltata subsp. peltata, which is an autonym, and D. peltata subsp.
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Caladenia attingens was first formally described in 2001, Stephen Hopper and Andrew Phillip Brown. In the same paper, Hopper and Brown described two subspecies including the autonym Caladenia attingens subsp. attingens and the description was published in Nuytsia. The specific epithet ("attingens") is a Latin word meaning "reaching out", referring to the calli which extend to the tip of the labellum.
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Stylidium section Andersonia is a taxonomic rank under Stylidium subgenus Andersonia. In 2000, A.R. Bean published a taxonomic revision of subgenus Andersonia and placed species within sections in the subgenus Andersonia, thus creating this autonym section. It contains 13 species. It is distinguished from the other sections in the subgenus by the inflorescences arising from leafless scapes, emerging from a basal or cauline cluster of broad leaves.
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Lamu (Lamo; autonym: ') is a highly endangered Loloish language of northeastern Binchuan County, Yunnan. According to Bradley (2007), the Lamo language is similar to Lisu and Lipo, although the speakers are classified by the Chinese government as ethnic Lahu. There are only about 100 speakers left, all of whom are also first-language speakers of Lipo. Lamo speakers were located by Bradley in 1999.
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Mang (Chinese 莽语; autonym: ) is an Austroasiatic language of Vietnam, China, and Laos. It is spoken mainly in Lai Châu Province, Vietnam and across the border in Jinping County, China. It was discovered only in 1974. In China, the Mang people are also called Chaman 岔满, Abi 阿比, Mengga 孟嘎, Bageran 巴格然, and Mo 莫 (Gao 2003:1).
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The name Chuj is an exonym first used by the Spanish. According to folk tradition, the term was coined by Tzeltal conscripts of the Spanish, for whom it meant the loose wool overgarment traditionally worn by Chuj men. The Chuj themselves use an autonym based on their town of origin, i.e. ajSan Matéyo (from San Mateo Ixtatán), ajSan Sabastyán (from San Sebastián Coatán), or ajNenton (from Nentón).
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Stenolaema is now renamed to the autonym A. sect. Adenanthos. A phenetic analysis of the genus undertaken by Nelson in 1975 yielded results in which A. cuneatus was grouped with A. stictus. This pairing was then neighbour to a larger group that included A. forrestii, A. eyrei, A. cacomorphus, A. ileticos, and several hybrid and unusual forms of A. cuneatus.Nelson (1975b) 1: 123, 124.
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They have since become mostly English speaking. Although people of European descent traditionally refer to the residents of Kahnawake as Mohawk, their autonym is Kanien’kehá:ka (the "People of the Flint"). Another meaning is "those who speak [the language] Kanienka"). The Kanien’kehá:ka were historically the most easterly nation of the Haudenosaunee (Six Nations Iroquois Confederacy) and are known as the "Keepers of the Eastern Door".
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Lavi (Lawi; autonym: Swoeng or səlwəŋ) is a Mon–Khmer language of the Bahnaric branch spoken in Sekong Province, Laos. Chazée (1999:95) estimates the population at 500, while the 2015 Laotian census places the Lavi population at 1,215. The Lavi language was discovered by Thai linguist Therapan L-Thongkum in the late 1990s. Within the West Bahnaric branch, it is the most divergent language (Sidwell 2003).
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The clade is not very well resolved, however, having a number of polytomies: Early in 2007 Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement of Banksia by transferring Dryandra into it, and publishing B. subg. Spathulatae for the species having spoon-shaped cotyledons; in this way they also redefined the autonym B. subg. Banksia as containing those taxa lacking spoon-shaped cotyledons. The members of B. ser.
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Ergaleium and those without tubers in sect. Rorella. Ludwig Diels reclassified the genus in his 1906 monograph of the family, recognizing subgenus Ergaleium and two sections within it: Erythrorhiza (Planchon) Diels and Polypeltes Diels. Another reclassification occurred in 1977, when Larry Eugene DeBuhr added section Stolonifera, which was based on Planchon's subseries Stoloniferae. Section Polypeltes is now known by the older autonym sect. Ergaleium.
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Maliseet Territory The Maliseet also Malecite, Malécites or Étchemins, their name for themselves, or autonym is Wolastoqiyik. Wolastoq means "Beautiful River" referring to the Saint John River. Wolastoqiyik means "People of the Beautiful River," in Maliseet.p. 17, fnote 4 Their traditional land extended along the Wolastoq/Saint John River in New Brunswick and Maine, and had once extended as far as the St Lawrence.
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Floribundae along with four other species with small, mostly terminal flowers, left exposed by their having unusually short floral leaves. Bentham's arrangement stood for over a hundred years, eventually replaced in 1996 by the arrangement of Alex George. Section Eudryandra was promoted to subgenus rank, but replaced by the autonym D. subg. Dryandra. D. sessilis, as this species was now called, was retained in D. ser.
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In 1919, Michel Gandoger published two new species, C. elegantulum and C. proximum, but both of these have since been found to be synonymous with C. stoechadis. In each case, the current status was designated by Eleanor Bennett's 1995 treatment of Conospermum for the Flora of Australia series of monographs. There are two subspecies: C. stoechadis subsp. sclerophyllum and the autonym C. stoechadis subsp. stoechadis.
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The term Kayapo, also spelled Caiapó or Kaiapó, came from neighboring peoples in the early 19th century and means "those who look like monkeys". This name is probably based on a Kayapó men's ritual involving monkey masks. The autonym for one village is Mebêngôkre, which means "the men from the water hole." Other names for them include Gorotire, Kararaô, Kuben-Kran-Krên, Kôkraimôrô, Mekrãgnoti, Metyktire, and Xikrin.
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Strümpell (1922/23) reported Nimbari to be the autonym of Niam-Niam language speakers.Strümpell, F. 1922/23. 'Wörterverzeichnis der Heidensprachen des Mandaragebirges', Zeitschrift für Eingeborenensprachen 13: 47-75, 109-149. Originally, Strümpell (1910) called the language Niam-Niam, and had documented some limited data of questionable quality from elderly rememberers; the language was already no longer in everyday use at the time of data collection.
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Qabiao, or sometimes Laqua (autonym: '; Chinese: Pubiao 普标, Vietnamese: Pu Péo) is a Kra language spoken by the Qabiao people in northern Vietnam and Yunnan, China. Alternative names for Qabiao include Kabeo, Ka Beo, Ka Bao, Ka Biao, Laqua, Pubiao (Pupeo or Pu Péo) and Pen Ti Lolo (Bendi Lolo). The meaning of the name "Qabiao" is unknown. The Qabiao language is highly endangered.
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The She language (Mandarin: 畲語, shēyǔ, Hakka 山客話, san ha ue, ), autonym Ho Ne, or Ho Nte, is an endangered Hmong–Mien language spoken by the She people. Most of the over 709,000 She people today speak Hakka Chinese. Those who still speak She—approximately 1,200 individuals in Guangdong Province—call themselves Ho Ne, "mountain people" (). She is nearly extinct today.
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Panare is a Cariban language, spoken by approximately 3,000–4,000 people in Bolivar State in southern Venezuela. Their main area is South of the town of Caicara del Orinoco, south of the Orinoco River. There are several subdialects of the language. The autonym for this language and people is eñapa, which has various senses depending on context, including 'people', 'indigenous-people', and 'Panare-people'.
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The English name Tutelo comes from the Algonquian variant of the name that the Iroquois used for all the Virginia Siouan tribes: Toderochrone (many variant spellings). The Tutelo autonym (name for themselves) was Yesan, Yesah or Yesang. This is also connected with the name Nahyssan, as well as earlier colonial-era spellings, such as Monahassanough (John Smith).Charles Hanna, The Wilderness Trail, pp. 117-19.
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Young Embera woman from Panama Emberá (also known as Chocó) is a dialect continuum spoken by 100,000 people in northwestern Colombia and southeastern Panama. It belongs to the Choco language family. Embera, Emperã, Empena, Eberã, Epena, etc. is the Embera word for 'human being' or 'man' and is used as the autonym by all speakers of varieties of Embera (though not by the related Wounaan).
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Lao Nyo or Nyo (autonym: ') is a Southwestern Tai language spoken mostly in Banteay Meanchey Province, Cambodia, as well as in Aranyaprathet District, Sa Kaew Province, Thailand. There are between 10,000 and 15,000 speakers of Lao Nyo in Cambodia. Lao Nyo is classified as a dialect of Lao rather than Nyo (Nyaw), based on linguistic data from Aun Loung Svay Chas village in Cambodia.
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Biloxi Indians (language) The Biloxi tribe are Native Americans of the Siouan language family. They call themselves by the autonym Tanêks(a) in Siouan Biloxi language. When first encountered by Europeans in 1699, the Biloxi inhabited an area near the coast of the Gulf of Mexico near what is now the city of Biloxi, Mississippi. They were eventually forced west into Louisiana and eastern Texas.
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The Washoe or Wašišiw ("people from here", or transliterated in older literature as Wa She Shu) are a Great Basin tribe of Native Americans, living near Lake Tahoe at the border between California and Nevada. The name "Washoe" or "Washo" (as preferred by themselves) is derived from the autonym Waashiw (wa·šiw or wá:šiw) in the Washo language or from Wašišiw (waší:šiw), the plural form of wašiw.
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The Dongjia (东家) language of Majiang County, Guizhou is closely related to Gejia. The Dongjia people are officially classified as She, but speak a West Hmongic language. Their autonym is Gameng (嘎孟), while the neighboring Raojia people call them Gadou (嘎斗). The Dongjia people of Liubao 六堡村, Xingshan Township 杏山镇, Majiang County was studied by Dong Bo (2008).
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Rapa (or Rapan, autonym Reo Rapa or Reo Oparo) is the language of Rapa Iti, in the Austral Islands of French Polynesia. It is an Eastern Polynesian language. There are three varieties of the Rapa language currently being spoken: Old Rapa, Reo Rapa and New Rapa. Old Rapa has been mostly replaced by Reo Rapa, a mix of the more commonly spoken Tahitian and Old Rapa.
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Tawr (Tawn Chin), or Laamtuk Thet, is a Kuki-Chin language spoken in two villages of Hakha Township, Chin State, Burma. VanBik (2009:48) proposes the name Laamtuk Thet (from the speakers' autonym Thet), and notes that Thawr is in fact a derogatory exonym that means ‘dirty’ or ‘sour’ in Hakha. It is spoken in Laamtuk and Ruavaan villages, located about 60 miles southeast of Hakha town (VanBik 2009:48).
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Su' (autonym: ) is a Mon–Khmer language of the Bahnaric branch spoken in Attapeu Province, Laos. The 1995 Attapeu census recorded a population of only 124 speakers in Sanamsay District. Su' autonyms are identical with that of the Jru' (known to the Lao as "Laven"), but they consider themselves to be a separate ethnic group (Sidwell 2003:19). There could also possibly be speakers in Stung Treng Province, Cambodia.
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Paha or Baha (autonym: ) is a Kra language spoken in northern Guangnan County, Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan. The two villages are located near the border with Longlin County, Guangxi. Paha is often considered to be part of the Buyang dialect cluster and is the most divergent form. Although listed in Ethnologue as Baha Buyang (ISO 639-3: yha), Thai linguist Weera Ostapirat considers Paha to be a separate language.
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Loloish is the traditional name for the family. Some publications avoid the term under the misapprehension that Lolo is pejorative. Lolo is the Chinese rendition of the autonym of the Yi people and it is only pejorative when written with a particular Chinese character (one that uses a beast rather than human radical), a practice that was prohibited by the Chinese government in the 1950s.Benedict, Paul K. (1987).
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The word Yid (; ) is a Jewish ethnonym of Yiddish origin. It is used as an autonym within the Ashkenazi Jewish community, and also used as slang by European football fans, anti-semites, and others. Its usage may be controversial in modern English language. It is not usually considered offensive when pronounced (rhyming with deed), the way Yiddish speakers say it, though some may deem the word offensive nonetheless.
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The Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (; , Qyrǵyz Avtonomııalyq Sotsıalıstik Keńes Respýblıkasy) was an autonomous republic within the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic that existed from 26 August 1920 until 15 June 1925 on the territory of the Kazakh Khanate, when it took the name of Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic, based on the autonym Kazakh. Despite the name, it incorporated no part of the future Kyrgyz SSR or modern- day Kyrgyzstan.
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Old Church Slavonic or Old Slavonic (, ), also known as Old Church Slavic, or Old Slavic () was the first Slavic literary language (autonym , ). It is also referred to as Paleo-Slavic (Paleoslavic) or Palaeo-Slavic (Palaeoslavic), (not to be confused with Proto-Slavic), or sometimes as Old Bulgarian, Old Macedonian or Old Slovenian.Lunt, Horace G. (1974). Old Church Slavonic grammar – With an epilogue: Toward a generative phonology of Old Church Slavonic.
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The Aroostook Band of Micmac is a federally recognized tribe of Mi'kmaq people in Aroostook County, Maine. Their autonym is Ulustuk. Of the 28 bands of Mi'kmaq people, the Aroostook Band is the only one in the United States, and the Aroostook Band were the first non-US power to sign a treaty with the United States on July 6, 1776."Region 1 Tribal Program" Region 1: EPA New England.
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Today's settlement areas of the Tuva in Russia and the Dukha in neighbouring Mongolia. There are two major groups of Tuvans in Tuva: Western Tuvans and Tuvans- Todzhins (Тувинцы-тоджинцы). The latter ones live in Todzhinsky District, Tuva Republic and constitute about 5% of all Tuvans. A people similar by language to Tuvans live in Oka District of Buryatia (autonym: Soyots (сойоты), sometimes referred to as Oka Tuvans).
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Spathulatae for the species having spoon-shaped cotyledons; in this way they also redefined the autonym B. subg. Banksia. They foreshadowed publishing a full arrangement once DNA sampling of Dryandra was complete. In the meantime, if Mast and Thiele's nomenclatural changes are taken as an interim arrangement, then B. menziesii is placed in B. subg. Banksia. As B. menziesii is not similar to any other Banksia, hybrids are unlikely to occur.
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Samei (autonym: ') is a Loloish language of Yunnan, China closely related to Sani (Bradley 2005). It is spoken in 47 villages in and around Ala Township 阿拉彝族乡, just southeast of downtown Kunming, as well as in 7 villages in western Yiliang County (Ethnologue). There are about 20,000 speakers out of an estimated 28,000 ethnic population. Samei lexical data is also documented in Satterthwaite-Phillips (2011).
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Nguyen (1975) speculates that Quang Lam may be closely related to Kháng (variously classified as either a Palaungic or Khmuic language), but this has yet to be verified. Data is scanty and presented only in Vietnamese orthography (Quốc Ngữ). Quang Lam speakers claim to not have an autonym, and simply call themselves "Brển Quảng Lâm." Their word for 'person, human' is p'xinh, which is also a name for Bit (Psing).
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Central Otomi (San Felipe Otomi and Otomi del estado de México) is a Native American language spoken by 10,000 in San Felipe Santiago and in several neighboring towns in the Mexican state of Mexico, such as Chapa de Mota and Jilotepec de Abasolo. Also called 'State of Mexico Otomi', there are other varieties spoken in the state, such as Temoaya Otomi. The autonym is Hñatho or Hñotho.Lastra 2006 p.
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The name Tano is a Spanish borrowing of an older Hopi-Tewa autonym tʰáánu tééwa. Tano is often encountered in the anthropological literature referring to the ancestors of the Arizona Tewa before they relocated to Hopi territory. The name Hano, similarly, is a borrowing of tʰáánu into Hopi as hááno, háánòwɨ, which was then Anglicized. Hano in English also refers to Tewa Village, one of the main Arizona Tewa settlements.
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It drove many Nivkhs into starvation if they could not import expensive Russian foods. A Nivkh village in the early-20th century Russia underwent the October Revolution forming the Soviet Union in 1922. The new government altered prior Russian Imperial policies towards the Nivkh that were in line with communist ideology. Soviet officials embraced the autonym Nivkh to replace the old term Gilyak, as a hallmark for new native self-determination.
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The Bagobo people in their traditional attire (c. 1913). The Lumad are a group of Austronesian indigenous people in the southern Philippines. It is a Cebuano term meaning "native" or "indigenous". The term is short for Katawhang Lumad (Literally: "indigenous people"), the autonym officially adopted by the delegates of the Lumad Mindanao Peoples Federation (LMPF) founding assembly on 26 June 1986 at the Guadalupe Formation Center, Balindog, Kidapawan, Cotabato, Philippines.
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The Bouyei language (autonym: Haausqyaix, also spelled Buyi, Buyei or Puyi;Ethnologue.com , or ) is a language spoken by the Bouyei ethnic groupTravel-china.net of Southern Guizhou Province, China. Classified as a member of the Northern Tai group in the Tai language branch of the Tai–Kadai language family, the language has over 2.5 million native speakers and is also used by the Giay people () in some parts of Vietnam.
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The Ponca settled at the Nemaha River while the Omaha became established to the south at Bow Creek. By the Treaty of 1854, the Omaha ceded most of their land to the United States. They moved to a reservation within two years and later shared their land with the Winnebago. Also known by their autonym of Ho-Chunk, the latter moved to the reservation in 1862 after an uprising by the Lakota.
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The Yang people, also known as the Nhang or Nyang (autonym: '), are a Tai- speaking ethnic group of Phongsaly Province, northwestern Laos. Chazee (1998) reports that they number 5,843 people as of 2015. The Yang are heavily influenced by Tai Lue culture, although the Yang of Namo Nua village, Oudomxay province are more heavily influenced by Tai Dam people culture (Chazee 1998:23). Jerold Edmondson (1997)Outlying Kam-Tai: notes on Ta Mit Laha.
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Para or Para Naga (autonym: Jejara; also called Bara, Parasar), is an unclassified Naga language of Burma. It is not close to other Naga languages which it has been compared to, though Para Naga, Long Phuri Naga, and Makuri Naga may be closest to each other, with Para the most distinct. Barkman (2014) notes that Para Naga could possibly be an Ao or Tangkhulic language. Saul (2005) classifies Para Naga as an Ao language.
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The large Mantle Site had more than 70 multi-family longhouses.; see also the entries for the Aurora (Old Fort) and Ratcliff Wendat ancestral village sites in Whitchurch- Stouffville. Canadian archeologist James F. Pendergast states: In the early 17th century, this Iroquoian people called themselves the Wendat, an autonym which means "Dwellers of the Peninsula" or "Islanders". The Wendat historic territory was bordered on three sides by the waters of Georgian Bay and Lake Simcoe.
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Lawu (autonym: ') is a highly endangered unclassified Loloish language of Yunnan, China. It has about 50 elderly speakers in Jiuha village 旧哈村, Shuitang district 水塘镇, Xinping County, Yuxi Prefecture, Yunnan Province. There are possibly also some speakers in Jiujia District 九甲乡, Zhenyuan County, Pu'er Prefecture, Yunnan Province.Yang (2011) (ISO 639-3 documentation) Lawu speakers are currently classified by the Chinese government as Lahu, but were formerly classified as Yi.
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When Johannes Conrad Schauer described other subgenera in Verticordia, subgenus Verticordia became an autonym after Augustin de Candolle who described the genus in 1828. When Alex George reviewed the genus in 1991, he took the name of this section from that of the subgenus. The type species for this section is Verticordia plumosa and the other seven species are V. crebra, V. helichrysantha, V. stenopetala, V. sieberi, V. harveyi, V. pityrhops and V. fimbrilepis.
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Vitis heyneana is known by its two subspecies: V. h. subsp. heyneana (autonym), and V. h. subsp. ficifolia. In Chinese, the former is called mao pu tao, meaning wool grape; it has leaves that range in shape from oval, ovate-oblong, to ovate-quinquangular. The latter subspecies is called sang ye pu tao, or mulberry-leaf grape, and its leaves are usually trilobate to cleft (a few leaves interspersed on a vine will be undivided).
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The Berbers (autonym: Imazighen) are an indigenous ethnic group of the Maghreb region of North Africa. Following the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb, most Berber tribes eventually became Muslims. Presently, about one-sixth of the population of Maghreb speaks one of the Berber languages (mostly in Algeria and Morocco), but most of them also speak some form of Arabic. Berbers are the first non-Arab people to have established an Islamic state.
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The Lua people () are a minority ethnic group native to Laos, although there is now a sizable community living in Thailand. Lua' is their preferred autonym (self-designation), while their Lao neighbours tend to call them Thin, T'in or Htin (, ). Another term for this group is Lawa (but they have to be distinguished from the unrelated Lawa people in northern Thailand). There are two subgroups: the Mal and the Phai or Pray.
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The name Wea is used today as the a shortened version of their numerous recorded names. The Wea name for themselves (autonym) in their own language is waayaahtanwa, derived from waayaahtanonki, 'place of the whirlpool', where they were first recorded being seen and where they were living at that time.Costa, David J. "Miami-Illinois Tribe Names", in John Nichols, ed., Papers of the Thirty-first Algonquian Conference (Winnipeg: University of Manitoba, 2000), 30-53.
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Early in 2007 Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement by transferring Dryandra to Banksia, and publishing B. subg. Spathulatae for the species having spoon- shaped cotyledons; in this way they also redefined the autonym B. subg. Banksia. They foreshadowed publishing a full arrangement once DNA sampling of Dryandra was complete; in the meantime, if Mast and Thiele's nomenclatural changes are taken as an interim arrangement, then B. media is placed in B. subg. Banksia.
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Early in 2007 Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement by transferring Dryandra to Banksia, and publishing B. subg. Spathulatae for the species having spoon-shaped cotyledons; in this way they also redefined the autonym B. subg. Banksia. They foreshadowed publishing a full arrangement once DNA sampling of Dryandra was complete; in the meantime, if Mast and Thiele's nomenclatural changes are taken as an interim arrangement, then B. praemorsa is placed in B. subg. Banksia.
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The Mulam also call themselves kjam1, which is probably cognate with lam1 and the Dong people's autonym "Kam" (Wang & Zheng 1980). The Mulam language, like Dong, does not have voiced stop, but does have a phonemic distinction between unvoiced and voiced nasals and laterals. It has a system of eleven distinct vowels. It is a tonal language with ten tones, and 65% of its vocabulary is shared with the Zhuang and Dong languages.
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The Mak language (; autonym: ʔai3 maːk8)See Proto-Tai language#Tones for an explanation of the tone numbers. is a Kam–Sui language spoken in Libo County, Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou, China. It is spoken mainly in the four townships of Yangfeng 羊/阳风乡 (including Dali 大利村 and Xinchang 新场村 dialectsNi Dabai [倪大白]. 2010. 侗台语概论 [An introduction to Kam-Tai languages], p.249.
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Maza (autonym: ') is a Lolo-Burmese language spoken by the Yi people of China. Maza is spoken by about 50 people in the village of Mengmei 孟梅 (Maza: '), Puyang Village 普阳村, Muyang Township 木央乡, Funing County, Yunnan. Maza has a Qabiao substratum, since the area was originally inhabited by Qabiao speakers (Hsiu 2014:68-69). Maza displays circumfixal negation, a syntactic feature that is usually typical of Kra languages.
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The English "Potawatomi" is derived from the Ojibwe (syncoped in the Ottawa as ). The Potawatomi name for themselves (autonym) is (without syncope: ; plural: ), a cognate of the Ojibwe form. Their name means "those who tend the hearth-fire," which refers to the hearth of the Council of Three Fires. The word comes from "to tend the hearth-fire," which is (without syncope: ) in the Potawatomi language; the Ojibwe and Ottawa forms are and , respectively.
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Awu () (autonym: '), is an unclassified Loloish language of Yunnan, China. It is spoken in Yuanyang County, Yunnan, China, including in the village of Xiaopingzi 小坪子, Daping Township 大坪乡 (Lu & Lu 2011).Lu Peng 卢鹏; Lu Wei 路伟. 2011. 国际哈尼/阿卡区域文化调查: 中国元阳县大坪哈尼族阿邬人文化实录.
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The term rangtong is not an autonym but rather arose from the shentong theorist Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen, who coined the term "shentong" to characterise his own teachings and "rangtong" to refer to the teachings he opposed. Shentong literally means "other-emptiness", "empty" () of "other" (), i.e., empty of all qualities other than its own inherent existence. Yet, the term shentong also refers to Yogacara teachings, or Yogacara Madhyamaka, which includes the teachings of Śāntarakṣita.
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En (autonym: '; also known as Nùng Vên) is a Kra language spoken in Vietnam. Before its discovery in 1998, En language was undistinguished from Nùng, which is a Central Tai language closely related to Zhuang. In the late 1990s, Vietnamese linguist Hoàng Văn Ma had first recognized that it was not a Tai language, ultimately leading to field work distinguishing En as a separate language. Researchers have determined En to be one of the Buyang languages.
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By the time Alex George published his revision of Dryandra in 1996, the rules of botanical nomenclature mandated that any infrageneric taxon that contained the type species of the genus be given an autonym. Thus D. sect. Eudryandra was treated as illegitimate, and when George published essentially the same taxon at subgenus rank, it was instead named D. subg. Dryandra. This was by far the largest of George's three subgenera, containing all but three Dryandra species.
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Historically, there have been at least five distinct waves of human migration into Bhutan. Before Tibetans settled in Bhutan, the area was populated by aboriginal people referred to as "Monpa". The first record of human movement into Bhutan is the settlement of the region by Tibetan Buddhists, who were thoroughly established by 600 CE. Their current autonym is "Ngalop". The second wave is represented by the Sharchops, who arrived from Burma or Assam sometime in the first millennium.
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Stenolaena, but in modern times this is of no import, as the section contains the type species of the genus, A. obovatus, and must therefore have the same type; the section was formally lectotypified in this way by Ernest Charles Nelson in 1978. For the same reason, the modern laws of botanical nomenclature require the section to take the autonym Adenanthos sect. Adenanthos; thus A. sect. Stenolaena is now considered a nomenclatural synonym of A. sect. Adenanthos.
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Chen Chung-hwan (1905-1992, 陳忠寰, autonym 陳康, Pinyin:Chen Kang), was a scholar of ancient Greek and Western philosophy. In 1924, Chen attended National Southeastern University (later renamed Nanjing University in mainland China and reinstated in Taiwan) and graduated from the Department of Philosophy in 1929. He then studied at the University of London in 1930, and later at Berlin University under professors Werner Jaeger, Nicolai Hartmann and Julius Stenzel. He received his doctorate in 1940.
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The Hinuq language (autonym: гьинузас мец hinuzas mec, also known as Hinukh, Hinux, Ginukh, or Ginux) is a Northeast Caucasian language of the Tsezic subgroup. It is spoken by about 200 to 500 people, the Hinukhs, in the Tsuntinsky District of southwestern Dagestan, mainly in the village of Genukh (Hinukh: Hino). Hinukh is very closely related to Tsez, but they are not entirely mutually intelligible. Only half of the children of the village speak the Hinukh language.
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The Waorani (Huaorani) language, commonly known as Sabela (also Wao, Huao, Auishiri, Aushiri, Ssabela ; autonym: Wao Terero; pejorative: Auka, Auca) is a vulnerable language isolate spoken by the Huaorani people, an indigenous group living in the Amazon rainforest between the Napo and Curaray Rivers in Ecuador. A small number of speakers with so-called uncontacted groups may live in Peru. Huaorani is considered endangered due to growing bilingualism in Quechua and Spanish and diminishing Huaorani usage among youth.
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B. benthamiana and B. audax appear to be closely related, but B. laevigata forms only one of three polytomous sister clades to it, and the clade corresponding to Thiele and Ladiges' B. ser. Cyrtostylis is not particularly close. Early in 2007 Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement of Banksia by transferring Dryandra into it, and publishing B. subg. Spathulatae for the species having spoon-shaped cotyledons; in this way they also redefined the autonym B. subg. Banksia.
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Guiqiong (autonym: '; ) is a poorly attested Qiangic language of Sichuan and Tibet. There are differences in the phonology of the dialects, but communication is possible. Two or three varieties have low mutual intelligibility with the rest. It may be the same language as Sötati-pö in early editions of Ethnologue.Klose (2001) Sprachen der Welt Sun (1991) documents Guiqiong of Maiben Township 麦本乡, Yutong District 鱼通区, Kangding County 康定县, Sichuan (Sun 1991:227).
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The American linguist James A. Matisoff coined the term "graphic pejoratives" in 1986, describing autonym and exonym usages in East Asian languages. > Human nature being what it is, exonyms are liable to be pejorative rather > than complimentary, especially where there is a real or fancied difference > in cultural level between the ingroup and outgroup. Sometimes the same > pejorative exonym is applied to different peoples, providing clues to the > inter-ethnic pecking-order in a certain region.
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Amdang (also Biltine; autonym: sìmí amdangtí) is a language closely related to Fur, which together constitute a branch of the Nilo-Saharan language family. It is mainly spoken in Chad, north of the town of Biltine, and sporadically elsewhere in Ouaddaï Region. There are also small colonies of speakers in Darfur near Woda'a and Fafa, and in Kordofan in the Abu Daza district and at Magrur north of Bara. Most of the ethnic group now speaks Arabic.
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The Auke are an Alaskan Native people, whose autonym Aakʼw Ḵwáan means "Small Lake People."Map of Auke territory and list of clans They are a subgroup of the Tlingit. The Auke lived along the northwestern coast of North America, in the area that is now the Alexander Archipelago and adjoining mainland of the Alaska Panhandle around Juneau. The Auke had a village on Auke Bay just east of Point Louisa, about 13 miles northwest of Juneau.
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The type material for B. integrifolia subsp. integrifolia was first collected at Botany Bay on 29 April 1770 by Sir Joseph Banks and Dr Daniel Solander, naturalists on the Endeavour during Lieutenant (later Captain) James Cook's first voyage to the Pacific Ocean. Published as "Banksia integrifolia L.f." by Carolus Linnaeus the Younger in April 1782, it was maintained at species rank until 1913, when Frederick Bailey published B. integrifolia var. compar. This created the autonym Banksia integrifolia L.f. var. integrifolia.
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It was one of three one-volume works by Gissing published in 1895, the other two being Eve's Ransom and Sleeping Fires; the latter of these was published in Unwin's Autonym Library series. Gissing was not satisfied with The Paying Guest, describing it in a private letter as "a poor little book" and a "frothy trifle".Liggins, George Gissing, p. 153. His experience persuaded him, according to his diary, to "have no more to do with these series of little books".
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Soqotri (also spelt Socotri, Sokotri, or Suqutri; autonym: méthel d-saqátri; ) is a South Semitic language spoken by the Soqotri people on the island of Socotra and the two nearby islands of Abd al Kuri and Samhah, in the Socotra archipelago, in the Guardafui Channel. Soqotri is one of six languages that form a group called Modern South Arabian languages (MSAL). These additional languages include Mehri, Shehri, Bathari, Harsusi and Hobyot. All are spoken in different regions of Southern Arabia.
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The ethnonym kombumerri has been related to a Yugambeh word, gūmbo, which refers to a type of shellfish called a mudflat or cobra with -merri meaning "man" and thus means "cobra people". Such cobra were a delicacy in the aboriginal diet. The autonym of the people of the Nerang area is not known. Kombumerri was first registered in 1914, when, assisted by a local schoolteacher, John Lane, Bullum (John Allen), composed a grammar and word list of the Yugambeh dialect.
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B. spinulosa var. spinulosa is an autonym that encompasses the type material of the species. This material was collected by John White, probably in 1792. The following year, the species was formally described by Smith in his A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland, and given the specific epithet "spinulosa", a Latin term meaning having minute spines, probably in reference to the leaf tips. Before 1810, no taxon had been circumscribed as equivalent to today's B. spinulosa var. spinulosa.
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Palestinians make several distinctions relating to Palestinian refugees. The 1948 refugees and their descendants are broadly defined as "refugees" (laji'un). The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), especially those who have returned and form part of the PNA, but also Palestinian refugee camp residents in Lebanon, repudiate this term, since it implies being a passive victim, and prefer the autonym of 'returnees' (a'idun).Helena Lindholm Schulz, with Juliane Hammer, The Palestinian Diaspora: Formation of Identities and Politics of Homeland, Psychology Press reprint 2003 p. 130.
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It is thought that the name Leleges is an exonym, in a long-extinct language, rather than an endonym (or autonym). That is, during the Bronze Age the word lulahi apparently meaning "strangers" was used in the Luwian language and in other Anatolian languages. For example, in a Hittite cuneiform inscription, priests and temple servants are directed to avoid conversing with lulahi and foreign merchants. According to the suggestion of Vitaly Shevoroshkin, an attempt to transliterate lulahi into Greek might result in leleges.
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They inferred a phylogeny greatly different from the accepted taxonomic arrangement, including finding Banksia to be paraphyletic with respect to Dryandra. A new taxonomic arrangement was not published at the time, but early in 2007 Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement by transferring Dryandra to Banksia, and publishing B. subg. Spathulatae for the species having spoon- shaped cotyledons; in this way they also redefined the autonym B. subg. Banksia. They foreshadowed publishing a full arrangement once DNA sampling of Dryandra was complete.
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'Pillager Band of Chippewa Indians (or simply the Pillagers; ' in the Ojibwe language) are a historical band of Chippewa (Ojibwe) who settled at the headwaters of the Mississippi River in present-day Minnesota. Their name "Pillagers" is a translation of , which literally means "Pillaging Men". The French called them , also a translation of their name. The French and Americans adopted their autonym for their military activities as the advance guard of the Ojibwe in the invasion of the Dakota country.
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Crow Indians, The Crow, whose autonym is Apsáalooke (), also spelled Absaroka, are Native Americans living primarily in southern Montana. Today, the Crow people have a federally recognized tribe, the Crow Tribe of Montana, with an Indian reservation located in the south-central part of the state. Crow Indians are a Plains tribe, who speak the Crow language, part of the Missouri River Valley branch of Siouan languages. Of the 14,000 enrolled tribal members, an estimated 3,000 spoke the Crow language in 2007.
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Yanomami is not what the Yanomami call themselves (an autonym), but rather it is a word in their language meaning "man" or "human being". The American anthropologist Napoleon Chagnon adopted this term to use as an exonym to refer to the culture and, by extension, the people. The word is correctly pronounced thorough nasalisation. As the phonetic sound 'ö' does not occur in English, variations in spelling and pronunciation of the name have developed, with Yanomami, Yanomamö, Ya̧nomamö, and Yanomama all being used.
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The Bolyu language (autonym: '; ; also known as Paliu, Palyu, or Lai 俫语, 徕语) is an Austroasiatic language of the Pakanic branch (Sidwell 1995). The Bolyu are among the unrecognized ethnic groups of China. In 1984, Bolyu was first studied by Liang Min of the Nationalities Research Institute in Beijing. Liang was the first to suggest the Mon–Khmer affiliation of Bolyu, which was later confirmed by Western linguists such as Paul K. Benedict, Paul Sidwell, and Jerold A. Edmondson.
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Gros Ventre is the exonym given by the French, who misinterpreted the name given to them by neighboring tribes as "the people who have enough to eat", referring to their relative wealth, as "big bellies". The people call themselves (autonym) A'ani or A'aninin (white clay people), perhaps related to natural physical formations. They were called the Atsina by the Assiniboine. The A'ani have 3,682 members and they share Fort Belknap Indian Reservation with the Assiniboine, though the two were traditional enemies.
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Conversely, Germans themselves use the autonym of Deutschen. Germans are indicated by exonyms in many other European languages, such as French (Allemands), Italian (tedeschi), Swedish (tyskar) and Polish (Niemcy). As a sub-field of anthroponymy, the study of ethnonyms is called ethnonymy or ethnonymics. Ethnonyms should not be confused with demonyms, distinctive terms that designate all people related to a specific territory, regardless of any ethnic, religious, linguistic or some other distinctions that may exist within the population of that territory.
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Chakma language (; autonym: , ) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Chakma and Daingnet people. The language has common features with other languages in the region like the Chittagonian dialect of Bengali language, Tanchangya, Arakanese and others. It is spoken by nearly 310,000 people in southeast Bangladesh in Chittagong Hill Tracts, and another 300,000 in India in Assam and Tripura and 40,265 in Mizoram. It is written using the Chakma script, which is also called Ajhā pāṭh, sometimes romanised Ojhopath.
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Basum (autonym: brag gsum 'three cliffs'; Basong 巴松话; Bake) is a divergent Bodish language spoken by about 2,500 people in Gongbo'gyamda County 工布江达县, Nyingtri Prefecture, Tibet, China. Basum is spoken by 13.5% of the population of Gongbo'gyamda County. Glottolog lists Basum as unclassified within Bodish. Basum is spoken in Cuogao Township 错高乡 and Xueka Township 雪卡乡 of Gongbo'gyamda County 工布江达县, Nyingtri Prefecture, Tibet, China (Qu, et al. 1989).
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Stenolaema is now renamed to the autonym A. sect. Adenanthos. Early in the 1970s, Ernest Charles Nelson began investigating the question of why there are so many plant species with disjunct distribution patterns in southern Australia. One such species was A. sericea, the Kangaroo Island variety of which occurred about 2500 km (1600 mi) east of the nearest population of the Western Australian variety. This led Nelson to undertake a full taxonomic revision of Adenanthos, in the course of which he concluded that A. sericea var.
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Lipo (autonym: '; ), or Eastern Lisu, is a language of the Lisu people of China, similar to but not intelligible with Lisu proper. Some Lipo are classified by the government as Lisu, others as Yi. In some areas, the people prefer the name Lolopo or Lolongo. Some Lipo (Lipa 利帕) speakers in Eryuan and Yongsheng counties are also referred to as Tujia (土家) (Yunnan 1956:19-20).Yunnan provincial ethnic classification research unit [云南省民族识别研究组]. 1956.
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He reverted to the circumscription of Brown, Endlicher and Meissner, but by this time the rules of botanical nomenclature had been formalised in such a way that Brown's Banksia verae had to be given the autonym B. subg. Banksia; thus Endlicher's unranked Eubanksia and Meissner's section Eubanksia are now considered nomenclatural synonyms of B. subg. Banksia sensu George. This circumscription was retained in Thiele and Ladiges' 1996 arrangement, and in George's 1999 arrangement, but was finally abandoned in 2007 with the publication of B. subg.
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Several of these forms and varieties were eventually described as subspecies, which were then later elevated to species rank upon further examination. Much of the decision on how to deal with the species complex deals with a discussion of lumpers and splitters. The debate began as early as 1906 when Ludwig Diels reduced Jules Émile Planchon's D. humilis to a variety of D. stolonifera, thus also creating the autonym D. stolonifera var. stolonifera. Then in 1982 N. G. Marchant described several subspecies: D. stolonifera subsp.
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French colonists transliterated that as Sac and the English as "Sauk". The Sauk/Sac called themselves the autonym of Othâkîwa, Thâkîwa, Thâkîwaki or Asaki- waki/Oθaakiiwaki people of the yellow earth [("people coming forth [from the outlet]," i.e., "from the water")], which is often interpreted to mean "yellow-earth people" or "the Yellow-Earths", due to the yellow-clay soils found around Saginaw Bay. This interpretation possibly derived from the Sauk words Athâwethiwa or Athâw(i) ("yellow")Meskwaki-Sauk Color Words and Neniwaki ("men, people").
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With respect to B. prionotes, Mast's results are fairly consistent with those of both George and Thiele and Ladiges. Series Crocinae appears to be monophyletic, and B. hookeriana is confirmed as B. prionotes closest relative. Overall, however, the inferred phylogeny is very different from George's arrangement. Early in 2007, Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement of Banksiinae by publishing several new names, including subgenus Spathulatae for the species of Banksia that have spoon-shaped cotyledons; in this way they also redefined the autonym B. subgenus Banksia.
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With respect to B. prionotes, Mast's results are fairly consistent with those of both George and Thiele and Ladiges. Series Crocinae appears to be monophyletic, and B. hookeriana is confirmed as B. prionotes closest relative. Overall, however, the inferred phylogeny is very different from George's arrangement. Early in 2007, Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement of Banksiinae by publishing several new names, including subgenus Spathulatae for the species of Banksia that have spoon-shaped cotyledons; in this way they also redefined the autonym B. subgenus Banksia.
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With respect to B. hookeriana, Mast's results are fairly consistent with those of both George and Thiele and Ladiges. Series Crocinae appears to be monophyletic, and B. prionotes is confirmed as B. hookerianas closest relative. Overall, however, the inferred phylogeny is very different from George's arrangement. Early in 2007, Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement of Banksiinae by publishing several new names, including subgenus Spathulatae for the species of Banksia that have spoon-shaped cotyledons; in this way they also redefined the autonym B. subgenus Banksia.
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In 1992, the Russian botanist Y. L. Menitsky reduced the species Salvia daghestanica, originally described in 1951 by Dmitrii Ivanovich Sosnowsky, to a variety of S. canescens, thus also requiring the autonym S. canescens var. canescens. Salvia canescens var. daghestanica reaches nearly tall and wide, forming a mound with snow-white leaves that are covered with white hairs on top and bottom. It has royal purple flowers growing in whorls that bloom in summer and again in autumn, reaching just over long with a small calyx.
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Some of the names use the family to which the language belongs to disambiguate it from ancient Macedonian, or from the homonymous dialect of modern Greek; sometimes the autonym "Makedonski" is used in English for the modern Slavic language, with "Macedonian" being reserved for the ancient language.Joseph, B. (1999) Romanian and the Balkans: Some Comparative Perspectives In S. Embleton, J. Joseph, & H.-J. Niederehe (eds.) The Emergence of the Modern Language Sciences. Studies on the Transition from Historical-Comparative to Structural Linguistics in Honour of E.F.K. Koerner.
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Prostratae; B. baxteri (Baxter's Banksia) and B. speciosa (Showy Banksia) form a clade alongside B. coccinea (Scarlet Banksia); and the remaining species in Thiele and Ladiges' circumscription form a third clade with B. ashbyi (Ashby's Banksia) and B. lindleyana (Porcupine Banksia). Early in 2007 Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement of Banksia by transferring Dryandra into it, and publishing B. subg. Spathulatae for the species having spoon-shaped cotyledons; in this way they also redefined the autonym B. subg. Banksia. All members of B. ser.
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The Mayangna (also known as Sumu or Sumo) are a people who live on the eastern coasts of Nicaragua and Honduras, an area commonly known as the Mosquito Coast. Their preferred autonym is Mayangna, as the name "Sumo" is a derogatory name historically used by the Miskito people. Their culture is closer to that of the indigenous peoples of Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia than to the Mesoamerican cultures to the north. The Mayangna inhabited much of the Mosquito Coast in the 16th century.
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The Cofán language (also Kofan or Kofane; autonym: A'ingae) is the language of the Cofán people, an indigenous group native to the province of Sucumbíos in northeast Ecuador and southern Colombia (Nariño Department; Orito, San Miguel and Valle del Guamuez in Putumayo Department). While Cofán is an endangered language, it is classified as a developing language with 1400 to 2400 speakers. There are two types of Cofán: Aguarico (spoken in Ecuador) and San Miguel (primarily spoken in Colombia). Approximately 60% of Cofán speakers in Ecuador are literate in their own language.
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Sa'och (, also, "Sauch") is an endangered, nearly extinct Pearic language of Cambodia and Thailand spoken only occasionally by a decreasing number of older adults. There are two dialects, one spoken in Veal Renh Village, Prey Nob District, Sihanoukville Province (formerly known as Kampong Som Province), Cambodia and the other in Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. "Sa'och" is the Khmer exonym for the people and the language. The Sa'och, however, consider this label, which means "scarlet fever" or "pimply" in Khmer,Ferlus (2011), pg 39 pejorative and use the autonym "Chung" () to refer to themselves and their language.
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Massika, a Sauk Indian, left, and Wakusasse, right, of the Meskwaki. By Karl Bodmer, aquatint made at St. Louis, Missouri in March or April 1833 when Massika pleaded for the release of war chief Blackhawk following the Black Hawk War. The Sac or Sauk are a group of Native Americans of the Eastern Woodlands culture group, who lived primarily in the region of what is now Green Bay, Wisconsin, when first encountered by the French in 1667. Their autonym is oθaakiiwaki, and their exonym is Ozaagii(-wag) in Ojibwe.
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Ladin (, also ; autonym: , ; ) is a Romance language of the Rhaeto-Romance subgroup, mainly spoken in the Dolomite Mountains in Northern Italy in the provinces of South Tyrol, Trentino, and Belluno, by the Ladin people. It exhibits similarities to Swiss Romansh and Friulian. The precise extension of the Ladin language area is a subject of scholarly debate. A more narrow perspective includes only the dialects of the valleys around the Sella group, while wider definitions comprise the dialects of adjacent valleys in the Province of Belluno and even dialects spoken in the northwestern Trentino.
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The McPhaul Suspension Bridge on a former section of US Route 95 spans the Gila between the Gila and Laguna ranges in Yuma County. The bridge is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. A band of Pima (autonym "Akimel O'odham", river people), the Keli Akimel O'odham (Gila River People), have lived on the banks of the Gila River since before the arrival of Spanish explorers. Popular theory says that the word "Gila" was derived from a Spanish contraction of Hah-quah-sa-eel, a Yuma word meaning "running water which is salty".
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Drosera erythrorhiza, the red ink sundew, is a perennial tuberous species in the carnivorous plant genus Drosera that is endemic to Western Australia. It grows in a rosette and is distinguished from the other species in section Erythrorhiza by its many-flowered cymose inflorescences with up to 50 individual flowers. D. erythrorhiza was first described by John Lindley in his 1839 publication A sketch of the vegetation of the Swan River Colony. In 1992, N. G. Marchant and Allen Lowrie described three new subspecies, thus also creating the autonym D. erythrorhiza subsp. erythrorhiza.
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The term Slav is proposed to be an autonym referring to "people who (use the words to) speak." Another important aspect of this period is that the Iranian dialects of the Scythians and Sarmatians had a considerable impact on the Slavic vocabulary, during the extensive contacts between the aforementioned languages and (early) Proto-Slavic for about a millennium,The Journal of Indo- European Studies, Number 1-2 (original from the University of California) Vol. 21 Journal of Indo-European Studies, 1993, digitalized in 2007. p 180 and the eventual absorption and assimilation (e.g.
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" Alaskan Native Language Center, UFA. Retrieved 27 Nov 2013.Eskimo , American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition, 2000 One Cree speaker suggested the original word that became corrupted to Eskimo might indeed have been askamiciw (which means "he eats it raw"), and the Inuit are referred to in some Cree texts as askipiw (which means "eats something raw").The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition The word Inuit is the autonym, the name which the people use for themselves and it means "the people.
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Books of Zhuang language Standard Zhuang (autonym: (pre-1982: ; Sawndip: ); ) is the official standardized form of the Zhuang languages, which are a branch of the Northern Tai languages. Its pronunciation is based on that of the Yongbei Zhuang dialect of Shuangqiao, Guangxi in Wuming District, Guangxi with some influence from Fuliang, also in Wuming District,张均如 / Zhang Junru, et al. 壮语方言研究 / Zhuang yu fang yan yan jiu [A Study of Zhuang dialects]. Chengdu: 四川民族出版社 / Sichuan min zu chu ban she, 1999.
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According to Sunset magazine,"Dutch baby pancakes," Sunset (magazine), February 1960. Dutch babies were introduced in the first half of the 1900s at Manca's Cafe, a family-run restaurant that was located in Seattle, Washington and that was owned by Victor Manca. While these pancakes are derived from the German pancake dish, it is said that the name Dutch baby was coined by one of Victor Manca's daughters, where "Dutch" perhaps was her corruption of the German autonym deutsch. Manca's Cafe claimed that it owned the trademark for Dutch babies in 1942.
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Galician (autonym: Galego ) is a language of the Western Ibero-Romance branch, spoken in Galicia, an autonomous community with the constitutional status of "historic nationality," located in northwestern Spain and small bordering zones in neighbouring autonomous communities of Asturias and Castilla y León. Galician and Portuguese were, in medieval times, a single language which linguists call Galician-Portuguese, Medieval Galician, or Old Portuguese, spoken in the territories initially ruled by the medieval Kingdom of Galicia. Both languages are even today united by a dialect continuum located mainly in the northern regions of Portugal.
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Hakea leucoptera was first formally described in 1810 by Robert Brown and the description was published in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. In 1996 William Baker described two subspecies of H. leucoptera in the Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Garden, including this subspecies and subspecies leucoptera, and the name is accepted by the Australian Plant Census. This subspecies differs from the autonym (subspecies leucoptera) in having shiny hairs pressed against the pedicels. The subspecies epithet (sericipes) is from the Latin words sericeus meaning "silken" and pes meaning "a foot".
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Mast, Eric Jones and Shawn Havery published the results of their cladistic analyses of DNA sequence data for Banksia in 2005. They inferred a phylogeny greatly different from the accepted taxonomic arrangement, including finding Banksia to be paraphyletic with respect to Dryandra. A new taxonomic arrangement was not published at the time, but early in 2007 Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement by transferring Dryandra to Banksia, and publishing B. subg. Spathulatae for the species having spoon-shaped cotyledons; in this way they also redefined the autonym B. subg. Banksia.
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In 2005, Mast, Eric Jones and Shawn Havery published the results of their cladistic analyses of DNA sequence data for Banksia. They inferred a phylogeny markedly different from the accepted taxonomic arrangement, including finding Banksia to be paraphyletic with respect to Dryandra. A full new taxonomic arrangement was not published at the time, but early in 2007 Mast and Australian botanist Kevin Thiele initiated a rearrangement by transferring Dryandra to Banksia, and publishing B. subg. Spathulatae for the species having spoon-shaped cotyledons; in this way they also redefined the autonym B. subg. Banksia.
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In 1981, Alex George published a thorough revision of Banksia in his classic monograph The genus Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae). George reinstated Meissner's Eubanksia and Isostylis, giving them subgeneric rank. By this time, however, the rules of botanical nomenclature had been formalised in such a way that Eubanksia was required to take the autonym B. subg. Banksia. George's arrangement was overturned in 1996 by Kevin Thiele and Pauline Ladiges, but in 1999 George published a slightly modified version in his treatment of Banksia for the Flora of Australia series of monographs.
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The Colville language or N̓x̌ʷʔiłpcən is a one of six dialects of Colville-Okanagan historically spoken by the "Syilx peoples" including Northern Okanagan and Southern/Lower Okanagan (Sinkaietk), Methow, Sanpoil (Nesilextcl'n), Nespelem (sometimes considered a Sanpoil subtribe), Colville, and Sinixt (Senijextee/Arrow Lakes Band) peoples. Syilx is the historic autonym of the Okanagan peoples and today a political term for land and cultural claims for all Colville-Okanagan- speaking peoples. Together with Wenatchee-Columbian, Spokane-Kalispel- Bitterroot, and Coeur d'Alene, Colville-Okanagan belong to the four Southern Interior Salishan languages of the Plateau.
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Their autonym, sarta, may also provide a contradictory clue to their origin: a similar word Sart was formerly used in Central Asia to refer to Arab traders, later to the local (mostly) Turkic-speaking city dwellers. Their official name of Dōngxiāng meaning "eastern villages" stems from the fact that their settlements are east of the major Han Chinese settlements. Like other Muslims in China, the Dongxiang served extensively in the Chinese military. It was said that they and the Salars were given to "eating rations", a reference to military service.
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The Evenks' (also spelled Ewenki or Evenki based on their endonym Ewenkī(l) )Autonym: ' Эвэнкил Evenkīl; Evenki; ; formerly known as Tungus or Tunguz; Khamnigan) or Aiwenji () are a Tungusic people of Northern Asia. In Russia, the Evenks are recognised as one of the indigenous peoples of the Russian North, with a population of 38,396 (2010 census). In China, the Evenki form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognised by the People's Republic of China, with a population of 30,875 (2010 census). There are 537 Evenks in Mongolia (2015 census) called Khamnigan in Mongolian language.
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The reason for the unusual discrepancy in the names Nitinaht and Ditidaht is that when the Ditidaht people were first contacted by Europeans, they had nasal consonants (/m/, /n/) in their language. Their autonym of Nitinaht was what the Europeans recorded for them and their language. Soon afterward the consonants shifted to voiced plosives (/b/, /d/) as part of an areal trend, so the people came to call themselves Ditidaht. Ditidaht is thus one of only a handful of languages in the world that do not have nasal consonants.
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Sidaama or Sidaamu Afoo is an Afro-Asiatic language, belonging to the Highland East Cushitic branch of the Cushitic family. It is spoken in parts of southern Ethiopia by the Sidama people, particularly in the densely populated Sidama Zone. Sidaamu Afoo is the ethnic autonym for the language, while Sidaminya is its name in Amharic. Although it is not known to have any specific dialects, it shares over 64% lexical similarity with Alaba-K'abeena, 62% with Kambaata, and 53% with Hadiyya, all of which are other languages spoken in southwestern Ethiopia.
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A referendum on changing the territory's name was held in South Ossetia on 9 April 2017, alongside presidential elections.Tskhinvali Sets Date for Presidential Polls Civil, 18 January 2017 It was approved by 79.53%. The constitution will be amended to denominate the formal name of the country from "Republic of South Ossetia" to "Republic of South Ossetia–the State of Alania", referencing Alania, a state built by the Alan people. Modern Ossetians are descended from the Alans, although the name Ossetian is of Georgian origin (although the Georgian root word is itself from an Alanic autonym).
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Isparhecher (1829 - December 22, 1902, Muscogee), sometimes spelled "Isparhecker," and also known as Is-pa-he-che and Spa-he-cha, was known as a political leader of the opposition in the Creek Nation (now known by their autonym Muscogee) in the post-Civil War era. He led an opposition group that supported traditional ways and was opposed to the assimilation encouraged by Samuel Checote and others. Born in Alabama in 1829 to full-blood Creek parents, Isparhecher and his family belonged to the Lower Creek (a.k.a., McIntosh faction), who wanted to keep traditional ways.
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The main islands were called "Ierne", equal to the term Ériu for Ireland, and "Albion" for present-day Great Britain. These later writers referred to the inhabitants as the , "Priteni" or "Pretani", probably from a Celtic term meaning "people of the forms"; "Pretannia" as a place-name was Diodorus' rendering (in Greek) of this self-description. It is often taken as a reference to the practice by the inhabitants of painting (or tattooing) their skin; since it is unusual for an autonym (a self-description) to describe appearance, this name may have been used by Armoricans.
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The language of the Manahoac is not known, although John Smith stated that they spoke a language different from that of the Monacan. Anthropologist James Mooney in 1894 suggested that the Manahoac spoke a Siouan language, based on his speculation that the town called Monasickapanough was related to Saponi. He also claimed that the town Monahassanugh was the same as the name Nahyssan, Hanohaskie (a variant spelling of a Saponi town), and Yesaⁿ (Yesaⁿ is the autonym of the Tutelo). His argument was based on the assumption that the initial syllable Mo-, Ma- was supposedly a Virginia Siouan morpheme meaning, "place, earth, country".
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Map of Acjachemen communities The Acjachemen (, alternate spelling: Acagchemem) are an indigenous people of California. They traditionally lived in what is now Long Beach, Orange and Northern San Diego counties. Acjachemen were referred to as Juaneño by Spanish colonizers following baptism at Mission San Juan Capistrano in the late eighteenth century. Today many contemporary members of the tribe who identify as descendants of the indigenous society living in the local San Juan and San Mateo Creek drainage areas prefer the term Acjachemen as their autonym, or name for themselves, in an effort to decolonize their history.
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Matisoff wrote, "A group's autonym is often egocentric, equating the name of the people with 'mankind in general,' or the name of the language with 'human speech'." In Basque, the term ' is used for speakers of any language different from Basque (usually Spanish or French). While the Irish and Scottish Gaelic words for England and its people are / and / ("Saxons"), the word for the English language is /, which derives ultimately from a word meaning "lips." In Old Irish, this word was applied to any foreign language, but by the medieval period it had come to be used exclusively for the English language.
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At the end of the war, the re- settlement of Ottoman Georgians in Fatsa was supervised by Ali Pasha.BERAT YILDIZ, EMIGRATIONS FROM THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE TO THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE: AN ANALYSIS IN THE LIGHT OF THE NEW ARCHIVAL MATERIALS, BILKENT UNIVERSITYChveneburi (, ), meaning "of us" in Georgian, is an autonym of Muslim immigrants of Georgian descent who had settled in non-Georgian majority regions of Turkey, thus, "of us" signifies a triple distinction from Christian Georgians, Muslim Turks, and autochthonous Muslim Georgians from Artvin. As with most Turkish citizens, most Chveneburi subscribe to the Hanafi madh'hab of Sunni Islam.
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The Taensa (also Taënsas, Tensas, Tensaw, and Grands Taensas in French) were a Native American people whose settlements at the time of European contact in the late 17th century were located in present-day Tensas Parish, Louisiana. The meaning of the name, which has the further spelling variants of Taenso, Tinsas, Tenza or Tinza, Tahensa or Takensa, and Tenisaw, is unknown. It is believed to be an autonym. The Taensa should not be confused with the Avoyel (or Avoyelles), known by the French as the petits Taensas (English: Little Taensa), who were mentioned in writings by explorer Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville in 1699.
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In 1810, Robert Brown relegated the name to synonymy with B. integrifolia, and it remained so until 1981 when Alex George refined it to a synonym of the autonym B. i. var. integrifolia. In 1800, Antonio José Cavanilles published a number of new Banksia species based on specimens collected at Port Jackson, New South Wales in 1797 by Luis Née, botanist to the Alejandro Malaspina expedition. These included B. oblongifolia, B. oleifolia and B. glauca. The last two of these were declared synonyms of B. integrifolia by Robert Brown in 1810, and refined to synonyms of B. i. subsp.
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The Miami Tribe of Oklahoma is an Eastern Woodlands tribe, who traditionally spoke the Miami-Illinois language, a language of the Algonquin family. The name 'Miami' derives from Myaamia (plural Myaamiaki), the tribe's autonym (name for themselves) in their Algonquian language; it appears to have been derived from an older term meaning 'downstream people’. Some scholars contended the Miami called themselves the Twightwee (also spelled Twatwa), supposedly an onomatopoeic reference to their sacred bird, the sandhill crane. However, recent studies have shown that Twightwee derives from the Delaware language exonym name for the Miamis, tuwéhtuwe, a name of unknown etymology.Costa, David J. 2000.
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The name of the Macedonian language is Macedonian (, makedonski). The language has been, and remains internationally recognized as Macedonian. However, for historical reasons , as well as due to the Macedonia naming dispute, several other terms of reference are used when describing or referring to the language. Some of the names use the family to which the language belongs to disambiguate it from the non-Slavic ancient Macedonian language, a different language in the Hellenic branch; sometimes the autonym "Makedonski" is used in English for the modern Slavic language, with "Macedonian" being reserved for the ancient language.
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The Meherrin Nation (autonym: Kauwets'a:ka, "People of the Water") is one of seven state-recognized nations of Native Americans in North Carolina. They reside in rural northeastern North Carolina, near the river of the same name on the Virginia-North Carolina border. Historically the Iroquoian-speaking tribe had lived in the Piedmont of Virginia but moved south in the early 18th century under pressure of English colonists' encroachment on their territory. Assigned a reservation in the area of Hertford County, North Carolina in the early 18th century, they lost most of their land to encroachment by colonial settlers.
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The Tlingit people living in the Wrangell area, who were there centuries before Europeans, call themselves the after the nearby Stikine River. Alternately they use the autonym , where the meaning of is unknown. The central (urban) part of Wrangell is located at , in the northwest corner of Wrangell Island, whereas the borough now encompasses the entire eastern half of the former Wrangell-Petersburg Census Area, in addition to the area around Meyers Chuck, which was formerly in the Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan Census Area. It also includes Thoms Place, a former census-designated place on Wrangell Island.
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The Orator, c. 100 BC, an Etrusco-Roman bronze statue depicting Aule Metele (Latin: Aulus Metellus), an Etruscan man wearing a Roman toga while engaged in rhetoric; the statue features an inscription in the Etruscan alphabet The Etruscans or Tyrrhenians may have been one of the sea peoples of the 14th–13th century BC, if Massimo Pallottino's assimilation of the Teresh of Egyptian inscriptions with Tyrrhenoi is correct.Pallottino, The Etruscans 1978:49ff. There is no further evidence to connect the Sea Peoples to the Etruscans: the Etruscan autonym Rasna, does not lend itself to the Tyrrhenian derivation.
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The Nipissing, Mississaugas, and Algonquin are identified as Anishinaabe but are not part of the Council of Three Fires. Closely related to the Ojibwe and speaking a language mutually intelligible with Anishinaabemowin (Anishinaabe language) is the Oji-Cree (also known as "Severn Ojibwe"). Their most common autonym is Anishinini (plural: Anishininiwag) and they call their language Anishininiimowin. Among the Anishinaabe, the Ojibwe collectively call the Nipissings and the Algonquins Odishkwaagamii (those who are at the end of the lake), while those among the Nipissings who identify themselves as Algonquins call the Algonquins proper Omàmiwinini (those who are downstream).
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Fleshy roots of pot-grown Chlorophytum comosum There are three described varieties of the species: the autonym C. comosum var. comosum has strap-shaped narrow leaves and is found along forest margins, C. comosum var. bipindense has broader, petiolate leaves with stripes on the underside and the inflorescences are 2–3 times the length of the leaves, and C. comosum var. sparsiflorum also has broader leaves that narrow to the base and usually lacks a petiole and the striping on the underside of the leaf and the inflorescences are up to two times the length of the leaves.
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Baghdad Jewish Arabic (, ) or autonym haki mal yihud (Jewish Speech) or el- haki malna (our speech)Ella Shohat (2017) The Invention of Judeo-Arabic, Interventions, 19:2, 153-200, is the Arabic dialect spoken by the Jews of Baghdad and other towns of Southern Iraq. This dialect differs from the dialect spoken by the Jews in Northern Iraq, such as Mosul and 'Ana. The Baghdadi and Northern dialects may be regarded as subvarieties of Judeo-Iraqi Arabic. As with most Judeo-Arab communities, there are likely to be few, if any, speakers of the Judeo-Iraqi Arabic dialects who still reside within Iraq.
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The Bugan people's autonym is ', while the surrounding Han Chinese call them Huazu (; literally "flower people") or Hualo () due to their colorful clothing (Li 1996). Other autonyms are ' (in Manlong, Xichou County) and ' (in Nala and Xinwalong in Guangnan County). They are an unrecognized ethnic minority, and are currently classified as Yi. The Bugan are endogamous, and thus do not usually marry people from other ethnic groups (Li 2006). The Bugan people also hold their own New Year's Day celebration in April of the Chinese lunar calendar, which is separate from that of the Han Chinese New Year.
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His analyses suggest a phylogeny that is very greatly different from George's arrangement, with B. lindleyana appearing in a clade with B. menziesii, B. ashbyi and B. sceptrum. A 2013 molecular study by Marcel Cardillo and colleagues using chloroplast DNA and combining it with earlier results reaffirmed B. lindleyana as an offshoot of a lineage that gave rise to B. ashbyi and B. sceptrum. Early in 2007, Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement of Banksia by merging Dryandra into it, and publishing B. subg. Spathulatae for the taxa having spoon-shaped cotyledons; in this way they also redefined the autonym B. subg. Banksia.
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Mast's analysis strongly supports Thiele's placement of B. victoriae, finding it to fall within a clade with B. menziesii (Menzies' Banksia), B. burdettii, B. hookeriana (Hooker's Banksia) and B. prionotes (Acorn Banksia), all of which are members of Thiele and Ladiges' Cratistylis. Overall, the inferred phylogeny is very greatly different from George's arrangement, and provides compelling evidence for the paraphyly of Banksia with respect to Dryandra. Early in 2007, Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement of Banksia by transferring Dryandra into it, and publishing B. subg. Spathulatae for the species having spoon-shaped cotyledons; thus they also redefined the autonym B. subg.
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The Mescalero's autonym, or name for themselves, is Shis-Inday ("People of the Mountain Forests") or Mashgalénde / Mashgalé-neí / Mashgalé-õde ("People close to the mountains" or "Mescalero Apache People").Languages of the World The Navajo (in Mescalero: 'Indaa bixú-õde, modern name: Chushta 'íízha-õde), another Athabascan-speaking tribe, call the Mescalero Naashgalí Dineʼé.Navajo Clans Like other Apache peoples they often identify simply as Inday / Indee / Ndé / Nndé-í / Nndé-ne / Nndé-õne ("The People", "Apaches"). Neighboring Apache bands called the Mescalero Nadahéndé ("People of the Mescal"), because the mescal agave (Agave parryi) was a staple food source for them.
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Jessie spent 1915–1918 teaching rural schools in Graylin, Montana and other small towns before taking a position as an instructor and then professor of English at Montana State College (now Montana State University), where she taught from 1918–1929. From 1923–24, she served as Acting Head of the Department. While at Montana State College, Jessie organized a performance of The Mask of the Absaroka, a dramatic play that narrated the history of the Crow people (autonym Absaroka). Jessie served as the pageant master and founder/head of the Montana State College women’s literary club the Eurodelphian Society, which produced the play.
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The Victorian Naturalist, 72: 130-136. Section Estipitatae consists of L. dubia, L. leptantha, and L. sonderi, which was considered by Mildbraed to be a variety of L. dubia. Section Levenhookia consists of L. pusilla and L. pauciflora, though it could also contain L. pulcherrima, which Carlquist described in 1969 and noted its close association to the other two species in section Levenhookia but neglected to place it within a section. Section Levenhookia was originally described by Mildbraed as section Eulevenhookia, which was later changed to the current section title Levenhookia as an autonym since it is the type section.
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Piedmontese (autonym: or , in ) is spoken by some 700,000 people mostly in Piedmont, northwestern region of Italy. Though considered by many linguists a separate language, in Italy it is often considered an Italian dialect. It is linguistically included in the Gallo-Italic languages group of Northern Italy (with Lombard, Emiliano-Romagnolo and Ligurian), which would make it part of the wider western group of Romance languages, which also includes French, Occitan, and Catalan. It is spoken in Piedmont (except un the part east to Sesia ), Liguria (northwest part near Savona) and Lombardy (some muncipality in the westernmost part of Lomellina in the Pavia province).
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John Billy (Paiute) farming at Duckwater Reservation in the 1930s Potato farming at Duckwater Reservation, 1942 The Duckwater Shoshone Tribe of the Duckwater Reservation is a federally recognized tribe of Western Shoshone,Pritzker, 242 based in central Nevada in the high desert Railroad Valley, in northern Nye County. Their autonym is Tsaidüka in their Shoshoni language, meaning "Eaters of tule."Thomas et al, 282 In October 2016, under the Nevada Native Nations Land Act, they were one of six federally recognized tribes in Nevada to have additional lands put into trust for their reservations. The Duckwater Shoshone Tribe is to receive approximately of Bureau of Land Management (BLM) land.
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Being isolated, mixed with different cultures, or ignored, the French-Americans developed particular cultures that reflect varying degrees of adaptation of their environments. This gave birth to streams of French-Americans like the Acadians, the Cajuns (an Anglicization of the autonym Cadien, from the French word for Acadian, Acadien), Louisiana Créoles and many others. The following is a list of notable French Americans by occupation, including both original immigrants who obtained American citizenship and their American descendants. To be included in this list, the person must have a Wikipedia article showing they are French American or must have references showing they are French American and are notable.
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Ribagorçan (autonym: ribagorsano, or ribagorzano, ; , ; , ) is a number of Romance dialects spoken in the modern territories of the medieval County of Ribagorza, in northern Spain. The area corresponds to the modern administrative units of Ribagorza/Ribagorça and La Litera/La Llitera, in the province of Huesca, Aragon, and Alta Ribagorça in the province of Lleida, Catalonia. Today, depending on provincial and regional perspectives, Ribagorçan may be described in Aragon as transitional to Catalan, or in Catalonia as transitional to Aragonese. Eastern dialects in the area tend to be classified as Catalan, and western dialects as Aragonese, with a small central area of more difficult classification.
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Tosu (; autonym: 'Chirkova, Katia. 2015. A Phonological Sketch of Duoxu.) is a moribund Qiangic language of China which shows strong affiliations to both the Loloish languages and to Tangut, the language of the Western Xia. Yu (2012) classifies it as an Ersuic language, which belongs to the Qiangic branch. There are "almost no Tosu speakers left", or "practically" no Ersu speakers left.Yu (2012:1–2) About 2,000 Tosu people live in Miǎnníng county and the villages around it, as well as in six outlying townships of that county, namely Hòushān (后山), Fùxīng (复兴), Huì’ān (惠安), Hāhā (哈哈), Línlǐ (林里), and Shābā town (沙坝镇).
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Benasquese (autonym: benasqués), often called patués by its speakers, is the native Romance linguistic variety of the Valley of Benasque, in the province of Huesca (Aragon, Spain). Usually regarded as an Aragonese dialect (a particular variety of Ribagorçan, transitional into Catalan, Gascon and Aragonese), it has also been considered an extreme North-Western Catalan dialect in the past by a few linguists, and more recently, a language in its own right. Benasquese itself is often divided into two subdialects, Upper Benasquese and Lower Benasquese. Although still vigorously spoken (when compared to other Aragonese varieties) by some 1,000 to 2,000 speakers, Benasquese is also in fast decline.
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The current tribal name "Mono" is a Yokutsan loanword from the tribe's western neighbors, the Yokuts, who however hereby designated the southernmost Northern Paiute band living around Mono Lake as monachie/monoache ("fly people") because fly larvae was their chief food staple and trading article. and not the "Mono". This "Kucadikadi Northern Paiute Band", whose autonym Kutsavidökadö/Kutzadika'a means "eaters of the brine fly pupae", are also known as Mono Lake Paiute or Mono Basin Paiute, a holdover from early anthropological literature, and are often confused with the non-Northern Paiute ethnic group of the "Mono".Lamb gives the Mono language name for this Northern Paiute band as Kwicathyhka' ("larvae eaters").
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A 2013 molecular study by Marcel Cardillo and colleagues using chloroplast DNA and combining it with earlier results found that B. aculeata was sister to B. lemanniana and that B. caleyi was the next closest relative. Early in 2007 Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement by transferring Dryandra to Banksia, and publishing B. subg. Spathulatae for the species having spoon-shaped cotyledons; in this way they also redefined the autonym B. subg. Banksia. They foreshadowed publishing a full arrangement once DNA sampling of Dryandra was complete; in the meantime, if Mast and Thiele's nomenclatural changes are taken as an interim arrangement, then B. aculeata is placed in B. subg. Banksia.
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His analyses suggest a phylogeny that is rather different from previous taxonomic arrangements, but support the placement of B. aculeata alongside B. caleyi in a clade corresponding closely with B. ser. Tetragonae. Early in 2007, Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement by transferring Dryandra to Banksia, and publishing B. subg. Spathulatae for the species having spoon-shaped cotyledons; in this way, they also redefined the autonym B. subg. Banksia. They have refrained from publishing a full arrangement of Banksia until DNA sampling of Dryandra is complete; in the meantime, if Mast and Thiele's nomenclatural changes are taken as an interim arrangement, then B. caleyi is placed in B. subg. Banksia.
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The name Kuril originates from the autonym of the aboriginal Ainu, the islands' original inhabitants: kur, meaning "man". It may also be related to names for other islands that have traditionally been inhabited by the Ainu people, such as Kuyi or Kuye for Sakhalin and Kai for Hokkaidō. In Japanese, the Kuril Islands are known as the Chishima Islands (Kanji: , literally, Thousand Islands Archipelago), also known as the Kuriru Islands (Katakana: , literally, Kuril Archipelago). Once the Russians reached the islands in the 18th century they found a pseudo- etymology from Russian kurit' (курить – "to smoke") due to the continual fumes and steam above the islands from volcanoes.
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They inferred a phylogeny greatly different from the accepted taxonomic arrangement, including finding Banksia to be paraphyletic with respect to Dryandra. A new taxonomic arrangement was not published at the time, but early in 2007 Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement by transferring Dryandra to Banksia, and publishing B. subgenus Spathulatae for the species having spoon-shaped cotyledons; in this way they also redefined the autonym B. subg. Banksia. They foreshadowed publishing a full arrangement once DNA sampling of Dryandra was complete. In the meantime, if Mast and Thiele's nomenclatural changes are taken as an interim arrangement, then B. coccinea is placed in B. subg. Banksia.
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Between 9th and 11th century Old Bulgarian was lingua franca of great part of the predominantly Slavic states and populations in Southeast and Eastern Europe, in liturgy and church organization, culture, literature, education and diplomacy. It was the first national and also international Slavic literary language (autonym , ). Bulgarian students of the apostles Saints Cyril and Methodius, who were expelled from Great Moravia in 886, including Clement of Ohrid and Saint Naum, brought the Glagolitic alphabet to the First Bulgarian Empire and were received and accepted officially by Boris I of Bulgaria. He established the two literary schools: the Preslav Literary School and the Ohrid Literary School.
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The ethnic groups' current, official name, Yugur, derived from its autonym: the Turkic-speaking Yugur designate themselves as Yogïr, "Yugur" or Sarïg Yogïr, "Yellow Yugur" and the Mongolic-speaking Yugur likewise use either Yogor or Šera Yogor, "Yellow Yugur". Chinese historical documents have recorded these ethnonyms as Sālǐ Wèiwùr or Xīlǎgǔr. During the Qing dynasty, the Yugur were also called by a term that included "fān", the Classical Chinese term for Tibetic ethnic groups (, "Xīlǎgǔr Yellow Barbarians/Tibetans"). In order to distinguish both groups and their languages, Chinese linguists coined the terms Xībù Yùgùr, "Western Yugur" and Dōngbù Yùgùr, "Eastern Yugur" based on their geographical distribution.
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Romanian (dated spellings: Rumanian or Roumanian; autonym: limba română , "the Romanian language", or românește, lit. "in Romanian") is a Balkan Romance language spoken by approximately 24–26 million people as a native language, primarily in Romania and Moldova, and by another 4 million people as a second language.The Latin Union reports 28 million speakers for Romanian, out of whom 24 million are native speakers of the language: Latin Union – The odyssey of languages: ro, es, fr, it, pt; see also Ethnologue report for Romanian According to another estimate, there are about 34 million people worldwide who can speak Romanian, of whom 30 million speak it as a native language.Petit Futé: Roumanie.
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In his 1948 book, which was a history of that period, he writes that in Yaghan, their autonym or name for themselves was yamana (meaning "person" (though modern usage is man only, not woman) – the plural is yamali(m)). The name Yaghan (originally and correctly spelled Yahgan), was first used by his father Thomas Bridges from the name of their territory, Yahgashaga, or Yahga Strait. They called themselves Yahgashagalumoala (meaning "people from mountain valley channel" -lum means 'from', -oala is a collective term for 'men', the singular being ua). It was the name of the inhabitants of the Murray Channel area (Yahgashaga), from whom Thomas Bridges first learned the language.
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The name Dilzhę́’é is a Western Apache name that may mean 'people with high-pitched voices', but the etymology is unclear. The Dilzhe’e Apache refer to themselves (autonym) as Dilzhę́’é, as do the San Carlos Apache. The Western Apache from Bylas use the word Dilzhę́’é to refer to both the San Carlos and Tonto Apache groups. The White Mountain Apache use the term Dilzhę́’é to refer to the Bylas, San Carlos, and Tonto Apache. The name Tonto is considered offensive by some, due to its etymology and meaning in Spanish, although that usage was derived from their learning the names by which neighboring groups referred to the Dilzhe’e.
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Marrithiyal is classified as one of the Daly River Languages Areal group, one of the prefixing non-Pama–Nyungan languages, exhibiting a distinctive phonemic inventory rare among Australian tongues. The Marrithiyal recognize three dialect variants: Marri Ammu, Marridan, and Marrisjabin, and at last count (2006) had an estimated 6 surviving speakers, though slightly earlier the figure had been put at 30. Most now speak a variety of Kriol. The autonym Marrithiyal has been conjectured to be derived from a combination of the words mari (speech) and thiel, meaning paperbark, suggesting the idea that the ethnonym denotes a 'people of the paperbark tea tree swamps', reflecting the fact that their homeland was rich in paper-bark forests.
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During the 1670s, the Catholic mission grew as many Mohawk families arrived; they rapidly outnumbered the more than twenty other Native groups that were represented there. Following four displacements, the mission was moved to its present-day location in 1716, where it was called Kahnawake, or "at the rapids". In the Mohawk language, Kahnawake residents refer to themselves by the autonym Kahnawakehro:non.Alfred, Gerald R. 1995: Heeding the Voices of our Ancestors: Kahnawake Mohawk Politics and the Rise of Native Nationalism, Toronto: Oxford University Press Some families from here were co-founders of Akwesasne upriver, now known also as the St. Regis Reservation, as its territory extends across the St. Lawrence River into New York State.
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The name Lakota comes from the Lakota autonym, Lakota "feeling affection, friendly, united, allied". The early French historic documents did not distinguish a separate Teton division, instead grouping them with other "Sioux of the West," Santee and Yankton bands. The names Teton and Tetuwan come from the Lakota name thítȟuŋwaŋ, the meaning of which is obscure. This term was used to refer to the Lakota by non- Lakota Sioux groups. Other derivations include: ti tanka, Tintonyanyan, Titon, Tintonha, Thintohas, Tinthenha, Tinton, Thuntotas, Tintones, Tintoner, Tintinhos, Ten-ton-ha, Thinthonha, Tinthonha, Tentouha, Tintonwans, Tindaw, Tinthow, Atintons, Anthontans, Atentons, Atintans, Atrutons, Titoba, Tetongues, Teton Sioux, Teeton, Ti toan, Teetwawn, Teetwans, Ti-t’-wawn, Ti- twans, Tit’wan, Tetans, Tieton, and Teetonwan.
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The ethnonym Goranci, meaning "highlanders", is derived from the Slavic toponym gora, which means "hill, mountain". Another autonym of this people is Našinci,Xhelal Ylli, Erlangen: "Sprache und Identität bei den Gorani in Albanien: 'Nie sme nasinci'." which literally means "our people, our ones". In Macedonian sources, the Gorani are sometimes called Torbeši, a term used for Muslim Macedonians. In the Albanian language, they are known as Goranët "Goranët jetojnë në krahinën e Gorës, që sot ndahet mes shteteve të Shqipërisë, të Kosovës etë Maqedonisë, krahinë nga ku e marrin edhe emrin." and sometimes by other exonyms, such as Bulgareci ("Bulgarians"), Torbesh ("bag carriers") and Poturë ("turkified", from po-tur, literally not Turk but, "turkified", used for Islamized Slavs).
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The term Aryan derives from the Sanskrit word (ā́rya), which derived from arya, the original Indo- Iranian autonym. Also, the word Iran is the Persian word for land/place of the AryanWiesehofer, Joseph Ancient Persia New York:1996 I.B. Tauris (see also Iranian peoples). Following the ideas of Gobineau and others, the Nazi theorist Alfred Rosenberg determined that these people, who, he claimed, were originally from Atlantis, were a dynamic warrior people who dwelt in northern climates on the North German Plain in prehistoric times, from which they migrated southeast by riding their chariots, eventually reaching Ukraine, Iran, and then India. They were supposed to be the ancestors of the ancient Germanic tribes, who shared their warrior values.
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The Irauitsu appear to have been important trading partners as well. In return for their buckskin garments the Konomihu received abalone beads. It is not known what the autonym of the Tlohomtah’hoi Shasta was. However it is known that the Shasta likely referred to them as "tax·a·ʔáycu", the Hupa called them "Yɨdahčɨn" or "those from upcountry (away from the stream)", while the Karok called them "Kà·sahʔára·ra" or "person of ka·sah". The Tlohomtah’hoi Shasta largely lived in the Salmon River basin despite the scholarly appellation, though they did reside on the forks of the New River. There were at least five reported settlements inhabited by Tlohomtah’hoi Shasta according to information gained from particular informants.
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Judaeo-Spanish or Judeo-Spanish (autonym , Hebrew script: , Cyrillic: ), called Ladino by some in recent times, is a Romance language derived from Old Spanish. Originally spoken in Spain and then after the Edict of Expulsion spreading through the then-Ottoman Empire (the Balkans, Turkey, the Middle East and North Africa) as well as France, Italy, the Netherlands, Morocco and England, it is today spoken mainly by Sephardic minorities in more than 30 countries, with most of the surviving speakers residing in Israel. Although it has no official status in any country, it has been acknowledged as a minority language in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Israel, France and Turkey. In 2017 it was formally recognised by the Royal Spanish Academy.
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The Niellim language (autonym lwaà) is a Bua language spoken by some 5,000 people (as of 1993) along the Chari River in southern Chad. It is mainly spoken in two areas: one around the city of Sarh (to which many - perhaps most - speakers have migrated) and one, its traditional home, further north, between about 9°30′ and 9°50′ N, corresponding to the former chiefdoms of Pra, Niellim, and Niou. Niellim borders on several languages of diverse families – in particular Sara, Ndam, and Laal – and is influenced by the local lingua franca, Baguirmi; it has itself strongly influenced Laal, but also apparently has been influenced by Laal, or a relative of Laal, since much of the common Laal–Niellim vocabulary is not Bua. It is notably homogeneous.
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It is somewhat basal in a group with the other prostrate species as well as species in series Tetragonae, and B. elderiana, B. baueri, and B. lullfitzii. However, B. repens, B. chamaephyton and B. blechnifolia form a closely knit group within this group, and the overall inferred phylogeny is very different from George's arrangement. Early in 2007, Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement of Banksiinae by publishing several new names, including subgenus Spathulatae for the species of Banksia that have spoon-shaped cotyledons; in this way they also redefined the autonym B. subgenus Banksia. They have not yet published a full arrangement, but if their nomenclatural changes are taken as an interim arrangement, then B. petiolaris is placed in subgenus Banksia.
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Axi (Chinese 阿细 Axi ; Ahi; autonym: ') is one of the Loloish languages spoken by the Yi people of China. The Axi are one of the main linguistic sub-branches of Yi, and the Axi tiaoyue is a dance of the Axi speaking Yi people accompanied by the sanhu.李勇翔 中国少数民族音乐 2006 "彝族三胡彝族三胡是彝族特有的弓弦乐器。云南彝族的两大支系"撒尼"与"阿细"人的民间乐舞"阿细跳月"常用此乐器演奏。" Axi is spoken in Mile, Shilin, Kunming, Luxi, and Huaning countries by about 110,000 speakers.Wang Chengyou [王成有]. 2003.
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Books of Zhuang language The Zhuang languages (autonym: , pre-1982: , Sawndip: 話僮, from vah, 'language' and Cuengh, 'Zhuang'; ) are any of more than a dozen Tai languages spoken by the Zhuang people of Southern China in the province of Guangxi and adjacent parts of Yunnan and Guangdong. The Zhuang languages do not form a monophyletic linguistic unit, as northern and southern Zhuang languages are more closely related to other Tai languages than to each other. Northern Zhuang languages form a dialect continuum with Northern Tai varieties across the provincial border in Guizhou, which are designated as Bouyei, whereas Southern Zhuang languages form another dialect continuum with Central Tai varieties such as Nung, Tay and Caolan in Vietnam. p. 370. Standard Zhuang is based on the Northern Zhuang dialect of Wuming.
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Awu is also spoken in Jiangcheng Hani and Yi Autonomous County and Jinping Miao, Yao, and Dai Autonomous County. Pelkey (2011:454) calls the language Lawu Yi, and reports that it spoken in Mengla Township and other nearby areas of Jinping County. The Jinping County Ethnic Gazetteer (2013:101) calls the language Laowu 老乌 (autonym: Laoyong 老涌), which is spoken in Laojizhai 老集寨, Laomeng 老勐, Yingpan 营盘, and Mengla 勐拉 townships (in 29 villages), comprising 2,222 households and 9,342 persons as of 2005. In southern Yunnan, Awu (') is located in Mengzi County 蒙自, Nansha of Yuanyang County 元阳南沙, Dawuzhai of Yuanyang County 元阳大乌寨, and Tuanjie Xiaozhai of Jinping County 金平团结小寨.龙倮贵. 2007.
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Photo of Fernando Pessoa Mystical poetry included Teixeira de Pascoaes (1877–1952) as an example and Futurism included Mário de Sá-Carneiro. Modernism was also responsible for the liberation of the complexity of the Portuguese view of themselves (at least in regard to poetry), mainly thanks to Fernando Pessoa (1888–1935), the second great Portuguese poet. He had a unique and complex personality, and he wrote under many names, not pseudonyms, but what he named as heteronyms: each heteronym had its own personality, way of writing and biography. The most renowned are: Alberto Caeiro, considered the master of them all, positivist and bucolic, Ricardo Reis, pagan and epicurist (but with stoical influence), Fernando Pessoa's autonym, trapped in his interior labyrinth and tedium, Álvaro de Campos, futurist, and Bernardo Soares, who wrote Livro do Desassosego (Book of Disquiet).
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With respect to B. blechnifolia, Mast's results have some semblance to George and Thiele's, as B. repens, B. chamaephyton and B. blechnifolia form a closely knit group within this group, although the overall inferred phylogeny is very different from George's arrangement. Early in 2007, Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement of Banksiinae by publishing several new names, including subgenus Spathulatae for the species of Banksia that have spoon-shaped cotyledons; in this way they also redefined the autonym B. subgenus Banksia. They have not yet published a full arrangement, but if their nomenclatural changes are taken as an interim arrangement, then B. blechnifolia is placed in subgenus Banksia. In a 2013 cladistics study, evolutionary scientists Marcell Cardillo and Renae Pratt found that B. blechnifolia diverged from a lineage that gave rise to B. goodii, B. gardneri and B. repens.
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The Dafang County Almanac (1996:150-152) also reports Longjia people living in Dazhai 大寨 and Dadao 大道 of Dafang County, with more than 2,000 living in each.Dafang County Almanac (1996:150-152) In Dafang County, villages that have between 1,000 - 2,000 Longjia people include Hegu 河谷, Bazi 坝子, Lihua 里/理化, Pengcheng 鹏程, Changshi 长石, Hetao 核桃, Guobao 果宝, Zhuchang 珠场, Xiangshuizhen 响水镇, Shangba 上坝, and Zeji 则鸡. Longjia with the autonym Songlibao 松立保 have also been reported in Jingzhu 荆竹村 and Bayi 八一村 villages in Babao Township 八堡乡, Dafang County. Other locations are Cuoba 撮坝, Pengcheng 鹏程, Changchun 长春, Baini 白泥, Guowa 果瓦, Shangba 上坝, and Maopiao 毛票.
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A Wiradjuri warrior, thought to be Windradyne The Wiradjuri autonym is derived from wirraay, meaning "no" or "not", with the comitative suffix -dhuurray or -juuray meaning "having". That the Wiradjuri said wirraay, as opposed to some other word for "no", was seen as a distinctive feature of their speech, and several other tribes in New South Wales, to the west of the Great Dividing Range, are similarly named after their own words for "no". Tindale (Aboriginal tribes of Australia, 1974) wrote that "Wiradjuri" was one of several terms coined later, after the 1890s had seen a "rash of such terms", following the publication of a work by ethnologist John Fraser. Fraser had in 1892 published a revised and expanded edition of Lancelot Threlkeld's 1834 work on the Awabakal language, An Australian Grammar, in which he created his own names for groupings, such as Yunggai, Wachigari and Yakkajari.
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Flag of the Oneida Nation of Wisconsin Flag of Oneida Indian Nation of New York Oneida Nation of the Thames First Nation of Canada The Oneida (autonym: Onyota'a:ka, the People of the Upright Stone, or standing stone, Thwahrù·nęʼRudes, B. Tuscarora English Dictionary Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999 in Tuscarora) are an American Indian tribe and First Nations band. They are one of the five founding nations of the Iroquois Confederacy in the area of upstate New York, particularly near the Great Lakes. Originally the Oneida inhabited the area that later became central New York, particularly around Oneida Lake and Oneida County. Today the Oneida have four nationally recognized nations: Oneida Indian Nation in New York, an Oneida Nation, in and around Green Bay, Wisconsin in the United States; and two in Ontario, Canada: Oneida at Six Nations of the Grand River and Oneida Nation of the Thames in Southwold.
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The Avoyel or Avoyelles were a small Native American tribe who at the time of European contact inhabited land near the mouth of the Red River at its confluence with the Atchafalaya River near present-day Marksville, Louisiana. Also called variously Shi'xkaltī'ni (Stone-Arrow-Point people) in Tunican and Tassenocogoula, Tassenogoula, Toux Enongogoula, and Tasånåk Okla in the Mobilian trade language; all names (including the autonym Avoyel) are said by early French chroniclers to mean either "Flint People" or "People of the Rocks". This is thought to either reflect their active trading of flint for tools from local sources on their land in the eponymously named modern Avoyelles Parish or more likely as their status as middlemen in trading flint from Caddoan peoples to their north to the stone deficit Atakapa and Chitimacha peoples of the Gulf Coast. The Avoyel were also known by the French as the petits Taensas (English: Little Taensa), who were mentioned in writings by explorer Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville in 1699.
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328-329, Magyarization (also Magyarisation, Hungarization, Hungarisation, Hungarianization, Hungarianisation), after "Magyar"—the autonym of Hungarians—was an assimilation or acculturation process by which non-Hungarian nationals came to adopt the Hungarian culture and language, either voluntarily or due to social pressure, often in the form of a coercive policy. In the era of national awakening, the Hungarian intellectuals transposed the concepts of the so-called "Political Nation" and Nation State from the Western European countries (especially the principles of the similarly highly multiethnic 18th century France), which included the idea of linguistic and cultural assimilation of minorities. The Hungarian Nationalities Law (1868) guaranteed that all citizens of the Kingdom of Hungary (then part of Dual Monarchy), whatever their nationality, constituted politically "a single nation, the indivisible, unitary Hungarian nation", and there could be no differentiation between them except in respect of the official usage of the current languages and then only insofar as necessitated by practical considerations. In spite of the law, the use of minority languages was banished almost entirely from administration and even justice.
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