72 Sentences With "asynchrony" | Random Sentence Generator

"A variety of tasks can be achieved by a suitable combination of synchrony and asynchrony," Kuramoto observed in an email.

Scientists speculate that brain function and even consciousness can be understood as a complicated and delicate balance of synchrony and asynchrony.

However, asynchrony can be caused by mutations to for instance DnaA or DnaA initiator-associating protein DiaA.

For an example of the application of stimulus- onset asynchrony, see psychological refractory period. Figure 1. Time diagram for a trial in a psychological experiment. The stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) between the first presented pattern (S1) and the second stimulus (S2) is manipulated in order to measure an effect on reaction time (RT).

The brood-reduction hypothesis was first proposed by David Lack in 1947 to explain the evolution of hatching asynchrony and dominance hierarchy in the broods of some bird species. The hypothesis stated that hatching asynchrony exists to maximize the fitness of the nestlings in years where resources are low. During these years, the asynchronous pattern allows the brood size to be reduced to an amount that can be supported by the parents, by either directly killing the weakest nestlings or by siblings out- competing them. Hatching asynchrony would have no cost during years when resources are plentiful, and the whole brood would survive.

Due to the limitation of airflow the VRI breathing pattern differs from that of a healthy individual. The patterns show asynchrony between lungs; with peaks in vibration energy difference. Because of this asynchrony, the contours of the lung periphery are not smooth, but have a "bumpy-lumpy" or "disco" appearance. The vibration energy graph displays an inconsistent pattern and it is difficult to delineate inspiration from expiration.

Thus, a maximum swelling difference of 8.0 days is about what would be expected by chance and given that only four animals contributed data to the study, a 5.7 day onset difference is not significantly less than 7.7 days. Since then Matsumoto and colleagues have reported estrous asynchrony in groups of free-living chimpanzees in Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. They subsequently investigated whether estrous asynchrony was adaptive for female chimpanzees. They tested three hypotheses about the adaptiveness of estrous asynchrony: (1) females become asynchronous to increase copulation frequency and opportunities for giving birth; (2) paternity confusion to reduce infanticide; and (3) sperm competition.

Responses to multiple simultaneous sensory stimuli can be faster than responses to the same stimuli presented in isolation. Hershenson (1962) presented a light and tone simultaneously and separately, and asked human participants to respond as rapidly as possible to them. As the asynchrony between the onsets of both stimuli was varied, it was observed that for certain degrees of asynchrony, reaction times were decreased. These levels of asynchrony were quite small, perhaps reflecting the temporal window that exists in multisensory neurons of the SC. Further studies have analysed the reaction times of saccadic eye movements; and more recently correlated these findings to neural phenomena.

In Left bundle branch block (LBBB), the asynchronous activation of the left ventricle gives asynchronous contraction as well. This asynchrony can be visualised by ordinary echocardiography.Dillon JC, Chang S, Feigenbaum H. Echocardiographic manifestations of left bundle branch block.Circulation. 1974 May;49(5):876-80 It can also be demonstrated by tissue velocities, but strain rate imaging will in addition demonstrate the distribution of the asynchrony, and the demonstration of the amount of inefficient work done by the asynchronous ventricle.

The authors suggested that this was due to the introduction of a bias toward auditory stimuli.Koppen, C. & Spence, C. (2007b). Audiovisual asynchrony modulates the Colavita visual dominance effect. Brain Research, 1186, 224-232.

Bird nest in which hatching asynchrony is occurring.Hatching asynchrony occurs when the parents start incubating their eggs before all of them have been laid. If resources are limited, it benefits the parents to allow brood reduction, because it reduces the amount of work they must do and increases their chances of surviving and reproducing again in future years. Brood reduction has been observed in many avian species including seabirds such as black-legged kittiwakes, birds of prey such as Swainson's hawk and several eagle species, and songbirds including black-billed magpies and house wrens.

The Texture Discrimination Task is a common task used in visual perception learning. In this task, the subject must respond to the central letter task (in order to ensure that the subject remains fixated on the letter) and then identify the orientation of a target array in a peripheral location of the test stimulus. The test stimulus and mask stimulus (composed of randomly oriented V-shaped patterns) are separated by a period of time known as the stimulus-to-mask onset asynchrony. The shorter the stimulus-to-mask onset asynchrony, the more difficult the task becomes.

Hatching asynchrony is an individual property of female Ural owls which improves nestling survival. Behavioral Ecology, 21(4), 722-729. Incubation lasts for 28 to 35 days and averages about 6 days longer than the incubation period of the tawny owl.Scherzinger, Y.V. (1974).

As noted in the paper's title, the most notable policy asynchrony they pointed out was that, while only 10 to 15% of premature deaths could be avoided through improvements in health care, 95% of aggregate national spending on health goes to medical care services.

Massaro, Melanie, and LloydS. Davis. "Preferential Incubation Positions for Different Sized Eggs and Their Influence on Incubation Period and Hatching Asynchrony in Snares Crested (Eudyptes Robustus) and Yellow-eyed Penguins (Megadyptes Antipodes)." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 56.5 (2004): 426-34. JSTOR. Web. 16 April 2011.

On the computability side, Steiner, Taubenfeld, and Raynal addressed universal constructions that allow x out of k distributed state machines to progress in the presence of asynchrony and any number of process crashes. Recently, from an initial idea proposed by Taubenfeld, Michel Raynal became interested in algorithms suited to anonymous memories.

Lambin, D. A. Elston, S. J. Petty, J. L. MacKinnon (1998) "Spatial asynchrony and periodic travelling waves in cyclic populations of field voles", Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 265: 1491–1496. DOI:10.1098/rspb.1998.0462 Since the mid-2000s, research on periodic travelling waves has benefitted from new computational methods for studying their stability and absolute stability.

Eggs are approximately 25 mm long by 20 mm wide, and weigh ~5 g. SystelluraThe asynchrony of the laid eggs can cause differences in the dimensions among eggs of the same clutch. In courtship, the male bends over to the ground, revealing the white spots on the rectices. The eggs hatch after a period of 17 days.

Marcel notably used dichoptic stimulus- onset asynchrony pattern masking to show that as the interval between presentations of a target stimulus and following mask is reduced, subjects progressively lost information regarding the target stimulus. In his second 1983 publication, Marcel differentiates between perceptual processing and awareness, distinguishing between the effects of energy masking and backward pattern masking.Marcel, A.J. (1983).

In developmental biology, midblastula or midblastula transition (MBT) occurs during the blastula stage of embryonic development. During this stage, the embryo is referred to as a blastula. The series of changes to the blastula that characterize the midblastula transition include activation of zygotic gene transcription, slowing of the cell cycle, increased asynchrony in cell division, and an increase in cell motility.

In game theory, asynchrony occurs when gameplay does not proceed in consistently paced rounds. A system is synchronous if agents in a game move in lockstep according to a global timing system, whereas "in an asynchronous system, there is no global clock. The agents in the system can run at arbitrary rates relative to each other."Halpern, J. Y. (2003).

The breeding season of Snares penguins occurs in the summer of New Zealand, beginning in early September and ending in late January.Massaro, Melanie, and Lloyd S. Davis. "Differences in Egg Size, Shell Thickness, Pore Density, Pore Diameter and Water Vapour Conductance between First and Second Eggs of Snares Penguins Eudyptes Robustus and Their Influence on Hatching Asynchrony." Ibis 147.2 (2005): 251-58.

In her time, she became a controversial figure, due to the asynchrony between her ideas and those of her time, and in part due to her strong advocacy for her point of view. Minna Canth is the first woman to receive her own flag day in Finland, starting on 19 March 2007. It is also the day of social equality in Finland.

Shortly before, a prime is presented (also a diamond or square) that influences the response to the target. The time interval between prime onset and target onset is called the "stimulus-onset asynchrony" (SOA). In many response priming experiments, the target also serves to visually mask the prime. Therefore, a second task is often employed where participants are asked to identify the masked prime.

The time interval in between the onset of the cue and the onset of the target is defined as the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA). Previous studies using this spatial cueing task found that in addition to cue validity, behavioural reactions were also affected by SOA. The effect of the SOA varies depending on whether a central or peripheral cue is used.Posner M I, Cohen Y (1984).

Geophysical Monograph 112. pg 35, (1999) Hemispheric asynchrony in ice sheet behavior has been observed by linking short-term spikes of methane in Greenland ice cores and Antarctic ice cores. During Dansgaard–Oeschger events, the northern hemisphere warmed considerably, dramatically increasing the release of methane from wetlands, that were otherwise tundra during glacial times. This methane quickly distributes evenly across the globe, becoming incorporated in Antarctic and Greenland ice.

If the father stays monogamous, she will allocate more maternal steroid hormones to the eggs she lays later. Doing so negates the effects of hatching asynchrony. When the female is alone, she has difficulty finding enough resources to fully take care of all the offspring. Therefore, if the male is monogamous, she allows all the young to hatch at a similar time, and at a similar nutritional state.

Book edited by Springer - New York, 260 pages, 2010. an application, to design an architecture, to refine detailed components down to RTOS or hardware description. The SIGNAL model supports a design methodology which goes from specification to implementation, from abstraction to concretization, from synchrony to asynchrony. SIGNAL has been mainly developed in INRIAEspresso team since the 1980s, at the same time as similar programming languages, Esterel and Lustre.

R. Soc. Lond. B. 265:393–399 leading to the view that there is a temporal asynchrony in vision which is the result of different processing speeds for different attributes. This in turn led him to suggest that visual consciousness is not unified; rather there are many visual micro-consciousness which are distributed in time and space,Zeki, S. (2003). The disunity of consciousness. Trends in Cogn. Neurosci. 7:214–218.

Stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) is a measure used in experimental psychology. SOA denotes the amount of time between the start of one stimulus, S1, and the start of another stimulus, S2 (Figure 1). In this respect, a stimulus may consist of, e.g., a presented image, sound or printed word. A short time interval between S1 and S2 may lead to interference in the neural processing of these two patterns.

As long as the Wolbachia strains in egg and sperm cells correspond, harmful effects cannot be observed on a cellular level. A major consequence of CI is the delayed entry into mitosis of the male pronucleus. As a secondary consequence, stemming from this asynchrony, the paternal chromosomes do not properly condense and align on the metaphase plate during the first mitosis. As a consequence, only the maternal chromosome segregate normally, producing haploid embryos.

The time interval between onset of the prime and onset of the target is called "stimulus onset asynchrony" (SOA). Typically, SOAs up to 100 milliseconds (ms) are employed. Priming effects occur when the prime influences the motor response to the target: consistent primes speed responses to the target, whereas inconsistent primes slow responses (Fig. 2). Priming effects in response times are calculated by taking the difference between response times in inconsistent and consistent trials.

Although pheromones alone do not cause a female to move towards a male for mating, odor, signal location, and male-male interactions may play a role in male attractiveness. Females mainly select males based on the characteristics of their call. Females prefer males with a fast pulse pair rate, high peak song amplitude, and large wing beat asynchrony. This preference may be evolutionary, with signal quality being an indicator of a male's gene quality.

In 2005, the National Elm Trial (USA) began a 10-year evaluation of 19 cultivars in plantings across the United States. The trees in the trial are exclusively American developments; no European cultivars have been included. Recent research in Sweden has established that early-flushing clones are less susceptible to DED owing to an asynchrony between DED susceptibility and infection.Ghelardini, L. (2007) Bud Burst Phenology, Dormancy Release & Susceptibility to Dutch Elm Disease in Elms (Ulmus spp.).

Brood reduction occurs when the number of nestlings in a birds brood is reduced, usually because there is a limited amount of resources available. It can occur directly via infanticide, or indirectly via competition over resources between siblings. Avian parents often produce more offspring than they can care for, resulting in the death of some of the nestlings. Brood reduction was originally described by David Lack in his brood-reduction hypothesis to explain the existence of hatching asynchrony in many bird species.

Another criticism of the hypothesis is that there is no general threshold for brood reduction; conditions ar not static and are not always the same for all individuals. An alternate hypothesis that builds off of Lack's is the Offspring Quality Assurance Hypothesis. This hypothesis states that the benefit to hatching asynchrony is the hierarchy created from it. The hierarchy guarantees that at least some of the nestlings will survive, and whether or not some of the weaker nestlings die is irrelevant.

With ketamine, the body transfer illusion is ultimately enhanced and participants are more vulnerable to a false sense of limb ownership than without the use of ketamine. Although the precise nature of ketamine's impact is speculative, two features of its effects are noteworthy. First, it promotes an overall increase in the subjective and behavioral indices of the illusion. Second, this effect is found even when a sensory asynchrony is present, a manipulation that would normally reduce the experience of the illusion.

Western tent caterpillars have strong ecological interactions with their host plants. The time of caterpillar egg-hatch is closely timed with host plant bud-burst to ensure that early instar larvae are able to feed on leaves. However, caterpillars can hatch up to two weeks before or after tree's buds have burst. Due to effects of climate change it is predicted that there will be a phenological asynchrony between host tree and the western tent caterpillar, characterized by advancing larval emergence.

Details of the neural apparatus for achieving hyperacuity still await discovery. That the hyperacuity apparatus involves signals from a range of individual receptor cells, usually in more than one location of the stimulus space, has implications concerning performance in these tasks. Low contrast, close proximity of neighboring stimuli (crowding), and temporal asynchrony of pattern components are examples of factors that cause reduced performance. Of some conceptual interest are age changes and susceptibility to perceptual learning which can help in understanding underlying neural channeling.

Strain rate imaging is a method in echocardiography (medical ultrasound) for measuring regional or global deformation of the myocardium (heart muscle). The term "deformation" refers to the myocardium changing shape and dimensions during the cardiac cycle. If there is myocardial ischemia, or there has been a myocardial infarction, in part of the heart muscle, this part is weakened and shows reduced and altered systolic function. Also in regional asynchrony, as in bundle branch block, there is regional heterogeneity of systolic function.

There is a defect in DNA synthesis in the rapidly dividing cells and to a lesser extent, RNA and protein synthesis are also impaired. Therefore, unbalanced cell proliferation and impaired cell division occur as a result of arrested nuclear maturation so the cells show nuclear-cytoplasmic asynchrony. In the bone marrow, most megaloblasts are destroyed prior to entering the peripheral blood (intramedullary hemolysis) some can escape the bone marrow (macrocytes) to peripheral blood but they are destroyed by the reticulo-endothelial system (extramedullary hemolysis).

Lack's assumption that there is no cost associated with hatching asynchrony during years where food is plentiful can not be proven. Studies show that competition remains a factor even when there are enough resources and that the last nestling to hatch is still at a disadvantage. In orders to test Lack's hypothesis, brood reduction must be adaptive, which can be determined by comparing the success of asynchronous broods and synchronous broods. Birds that have naturally synchronous broods must have higher nestling mortality when there are insufficient resources.

A weakness of FBL is its relative asynchrony, which can produce glitches. A possibly large time interval sits between ESP subscription to an FBL and a recipient clicking the junk button. The interval between that click and actual deletion of the recipient name from the list is much shorter, but may be noteworthy in the case of huge mailbox providers such as Gmail or AOL. Bulk messages can provide information on how to unsubscribe directly, in the header fields `List-Unsubscribe:` and `List-Unsubscribe-Post:`.

Abstract p. 35. It causes an asynchrony in the menstrual cycle between ovulation and the development of the uterine lining, although its exact mode of action is not well defined. In clinical trials, it caused ovulation to occur later than it normally would in some women, but did not affect ovulation in the majority of women, while causing the lining of the uterus to build more slowly. It speeds the transport of any fertilized egg through the fallopian tubes more quickly than is normal.

The reaction times decreased as the stimulus onset asynchrony increased, supporting categories affect visual representations and conceptual penetrability. Research with richer stimuli such as figures of cats and dogs allow for greater perceptual variability and analysis of stimulus typicality (cats and dogs were arranged in various positions, some more or less typical for recognition). Differentiating the pictures took longer when they were within the same category (doga-dogb) compared between categories (dog-cat) supporting category knowledge influences categorization. Therefore, visual processing measured by physical differential judgments is affected by non- visual processing supporting conceptual penetrability.

Obligate brood reduction always occurs and does not depend on food availability. Hatching asynchrony results in a dominance hierarchy between the nestlings, which often leads to the death of the youngest sibling. This can be seen in several species of birds of prey, such as eagles, and depends on the size difference between the siblings and therefore the amount of time that passes between each egg hatching. In the crowned eagle, the time interval between eggs hatching is 3 days, and in this species the brood reduction observed is obligate.

The construction of colours by the cerebral cortex. Proc. Roy. Inst. Gt. Britain 56:231–257 These findings raised the question of how the signals processed in these separate visual areas are integrated to give a unified picture of the visual world. In psychophysical experiments undertaken with colleagues, he showed that we perceive, and become aware of, different visual attributes at different times, with colour preceding motion by about 80 ms and form (orientation) by about 40 ms,Moutoussis, K and Zeki, S (1997). A direct demonstration of perceptual asynchrony in vision. Proc.

The timing of phenological events such as flowering are often related to environmental variables such as temperature. Changing environments are therefore expected to lead to changes in life cycle events, and these have been recorded for many species of plants. These changes have the potential to lead to the asynchrony between species, or to change competition between plants. Flowering times in British plants for example have changed, leading to annual plants flowering earlier than perennials, and insect pollinated plants flowering earlier than wind pollinated plants; with potential ecological consequences.

A megaloblast is an unusually large erythroblast that can be associated with vitamin B12 deficiency (caused by pernicious anemia or dietary insufficiency), folic acid deficiency, or both (such anemias are collectively called megaloblastic anemias). This kind of anemia leads to macrocytes (abnormally large red cells) and the condition called macrocytosis. The cause of this cellular gigantism is an impairment in DNA replication that delays nuclear maturation and cell division. Because RNA and cytoplasmic elements are synthesized at a constant rate despite the cells' impaired DNA synthesis, the cells show nuclear-cytoplasmic asynchrony.

Lip sync problems are not only annoying but can lead to subconscious viewer stress which in turn leads to viewer dislike of the television program they are watching."Effects of Audio-Video Asynchrony on Viewer's Memory, Evaluation of Content and Detection Ability" by Reeves and Voelker. Television industry standards organizations have become involved in setting standards for lip sync errors. In 2015 SMPTE (the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers) adopted Standard ST2064 which provides technology for greatly reducing or eliminating lip sync errors in television programming.

A modern formulation of the law is that the greater the length of a path between two successively presented stimuli, the greater the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) must be for an observer to perceive the two stimuli as a single mobile object. Typically, the relationship between distance and minimal SOA is linear. Arguably, Korte's third law is counterintuitive. One might expect that successive stimuli are less likely to be perceived as a single object as both distance and interval increase, and therefore, a negative relationship should be observed instead.

Due to the pronounced asynchrony of the egg-laying and hatching, the size difference between siblings can be enormous and in some cases when the smallest chick weighs only , the biggest chick already has attained a weight of around . When the oldest chick is about 3 weeks, the female will start to hunt as well as the male and both may directly feed the young although in some cases they may not need hunt very much if lemmings are particularly numerous. Caches of lemmings around a nest may include more than 80 lemmings that can support the family.

It has been sometimes called Stroop asynchrony, and has been explained by a reduced automatization when naming colors compared to reading words. In the study of interference theory, the most commonly used procedure has been similar to Stroop's second experiment, in which subjects were tested on naming colors of incompatible words and of control patches. The first experiment in Stroop's study (reading words in black versus incongruent colors) has been discussed less. In both cases, the interference score is expressed as the difference between the times needed to read each of the two types of cards.

Because of their large eggs, rayadito females (and indeed all other documented furnariids) lay eggs only every other day, akin to other south temperate passerines like the rifleman and thornbills, though their incubation periods are not as long.Ricklefs, R.E.; "Sibling competition, hatching asynchrony, incubation period, and lifespan in altricial birds"; in Power, Dennis M. (editor); Current Ornithology. Vol. 11. Although rayaditos were historically thought to be multi-brooded,Sieving, Kathryn E; Willson, Mary F. and de Santo, Toni L.; "Defining Corridor Functions for Endemic Birds in Fragmented South Temperate Rainforests" in Conservation Biology; Vol. 14, No. 4 (August 2000); pp.

However, in this "Super" version, her white back bow is shorter than in the Holy Grail version. Sailor Moon receives her third and final form at the end of the fourth major story arc, as the combined power of the other Sailor Soldiers transforms her into Eternal Sailor Moon, whom Diana says is the closest in power to Neo-Queen Serenity. Her uniform is radically altered, including the addition of two pairs of angelic wings on her back which replace her back bow. The plot of Sailor Moon contains several examples of asynchrony, including appearances of Sailor Moon from different time periods.

In all, the short SOA (Stimuli Onset Asynchrony, i.e. the time delay between the onset of the mask and the prime) associated with the masking make the masked priming paradigm a good tool to investigate automatic and irrepressive activations during visual word recognition. Forster has argued that masked priming is a purer form of priming, as any conscious appreciation of the relationship between the prime and the target is effectively eliminated, and thus removes the subject's ability to use the prime strategically to make decisions. Results from numerous experiments show that certain forms of priming occur that are very difficult to occur with visible primes.

Due to the asynchrony of oestrous phases and lengthy parental care by females, bear populations are usually male-biased, meaning that females are more choosy and males are more competitive. Intra-sexual selection is then characterized by male-male competitions influenced by female mate choice. Mating seasons fluctuate based on species dependent on geographical location. American black bears (Ursus amercanus), brown bears (Ursus arctos) and polar bears (Ursus maritimus) all have mating seasons occurring within a three-month duration during the spring and summer months (approximately May – July), with delayed implantation occurring in late fall (November), and cubs born within the den during early winter (January).

A DMA operation can transfer either a single block area of size up to 16KB, or a list of 2 to 2048 such blocks. One of the major design decisions in the architecture of Cell is the use of DMAs as a central means of intra-chip data transfer, with a view to enabling maximal asynchrony and concurrency in data processing inside a chip. The PPE, which is capable of running a conventional operating system, has control over the SPEs and can start, stop, interrupt, and schedule processes running on the SPEs. To this end the PPE has additional instructions relating to control of the SPEs.

According to the Hebbian rule, synapses increase their efficiency if the synapse persistently takes part in firing the postsynaptic target neuron. An often-used simplification is those who fire together, wire together, but if two neurons fire exactly at the same time, then one cannot have caused, or taken part in firing the other. Instead, to take part in firing the postsynaptic neuron, the presynaptic neuron needs to fire just before the postsynaptic neuron. Experiments that stimulated two connected neurons with varying interstimulus asynchrony confirmed the importance of temporal precedence implicit in Hebb's principle: the presynaptic neuron has to fire just before the postsynaptic neuron for the synapse to be potentiated.

Seed dispersal also allows plants to reach specific habitats that are favorable for survival, a hypothesis known as directed dispersal. For example, Ocotea endresiana (Lauraceae) is a tree species from Latin America which is dispersed by several species of birds, including the three-wattled bellbird. Male bellbirds perch on dead trees in order to attract mates, and often defecate seeds beneath these perches where the seeds have a high chance of survival because of high light conditions and escape from fungal pathogens. In the case of fleshy-fruited plants, seed-dispersal in animal guts (endozoochory) often enhances the amount, the speed, and the asynchrony of germination, which can have important plant benefits.

The Perfectionism Social Disconnection Model (PSDM) is a dynamic-relational model describing perfectionism and its consequences in an interpersonal context. This model asserts that perfectionism, via an interpersonal style characterized by aloofness and inauthenticity, leads to the social disconnection and rejection perfectionists aim to avoid. According to the PSDM, perfectionism develops in an early interpersonal context through asynchrony between child and caregiver, when there is a lack of attunement ("fit") between the temperament of the child and caregiver responses, leading to unfulfilled needs for belonging, acceptance, and self-esteem. This creates a relational schema of others as critical, and rejecting, and an internal model of oneself as defective which makes perfectionists highly sensitive to the potential for judgment and rejection in interpersonal encounters.

Long distance migrating birds are more likely to be sensitive to phenological mismatch due to the increasing inability to track changes in the breeding environment the further they migrate and the inability to be phenotypically plastic in when they can gather food and breed. In There is more phenological mismatch occurring during the spring migration, and species that have greater mismatch or phenological asynchrony have more decline in populations than those that do not. Different species have differing sensitivities to the changing climate and need for adjustment to migratory patterns. Great tits have suffered population declines because the population height of their preferred food, caterpillars, and their preferred breeding time is now mismatched by at least 10 days because of global warming.

If only the first two recorded onsets of A and B are compared, the difference between onsets is 23 days, which is greater than the 14 days that can actually occur. Wilson argued that McClintock did not correctly calculate the initial onset difference among women and concluded that the initial onset difference among women in a group was biased towards asynchrony. Yang and Schank followed up on this point by using computer simulations to estimate the average onset difference that would occur by among women with variable cycle lengths and a mean cycle length of 29.5 days reported by McClintock. They reported that the average onset difference by chance among women with cycle characteristics reported by McClintock was about 5 days.

He further proved fundamental results on the relationships between classical distributed computing problems, such as atomic commitment and consensus, for which he helped close the then open problem of the weakest failure detector for consensus with any number of faults and co-established a new classification of distributed computing problems. Guerraoui further co-defined a general methodology to build highly concurrent asynchronous data structures and has shown how asynchrony can help build pseudo-random numbers. Guerraoui invented the mathematical abstraction of indulgence to precisely capture the essence of asynchronous algorithms of which safety does not depend on timing assumptions, such as Lamport's Paxos or Castro-Liskov's PBFT. Guerraoui used that concept to co-define a general framework for secure and reliable distributed protocols.

The stimulus was briefly flashed and, after a variable stimulus offset asynchrony, a masking stimulus was presented. The mask consisted of a circle on a black background with the masking contours positioned within the boundaries of the large uniform disk. This experiment is grounded on the assumption that filling-in consists of a spreading of neural activity from the boundaries of luminance and through the surfaces, that is stopped when another luminance-contrast border is reached (this is proposed by many models of brightness perception, see for example Walls 1954, Gerrits and Vendrik 1970, Cohen and Grossberg 1984), and that the process takes some time to be completed. Subjects were asked to match the brightness at the centre of the disk with a palette of grey scales.

These processes were structurally similar to processes formed by macrophages during phagocytosis and were accordingly referred to as pseudopodia. While pseudopodial formation also occurred during a normal light-initiated shedding event, the low frequency of shedding, the asynchrony of individual shedding events and the transient appearance of the pseudopodia prevented a full appreciation of their role during normal disc schedding. The team stated that these pseudopodia were the organelles of phagocytosis and that they may play a role in disc detachment as well. In addition, a photoreceptor-RPE interaction was proposed to play a role in determining the domains that would detach from the OS. Another early theory proposed by Dr. Young was that, unlike rods, mature cones neither assemble new discs nor shed old ones, replacing instead only some of their molecular constituents.

When sending an email, you have to send some data out to the network and then wait for the receiving server to respond. Time invested by waiting for the server to respond is time wasted that would be of much better use if the program continued computing. 2\. Performing multiple operations in parallel: When you need to do different operations in parallel, for example, making a database call, web service call and any calculations, then we can use asynchrony. 3\. Long-running event-driven requests: This is the idea where you have a request that comes in, and the request goes to sleep for some time waiting for some other event to take place when that event takes place, you want the request to continue and then send a response to client.

Evidently, it is not at the level of an adult or an adolescent, but as an infant moves to middle childhood and onwards to adolescence, they develop a higher level of self-awareness and self- description. As infants develop their senses, using multiple senses of in order to recognize what is around them, infants can become affected by something known as "facial multi stimulation". In one experiment by Filippetti, Farroni, and Johnson, an infant of around five months in age is given what is known as an “enfacement illusion”. “Infants watched a side-by- side video display of a peer’s face being systematically stroked on the cheek with a paintbrush. During the video presentation, the infant’s own cheek was stroked in synchrony with one video and in asynchrony with the other”.

It is somewhat similar to the Aegithalidae in combining long incubation periods with highly synchronous hatching.Ricklefs, R.E.; “Sibling competition, hatching asynchrony, incubation period, and lifespan in altricial birds”; in Power, Dennis M. (editor); Current Ornithology. Vol. 11. This combination, normally impossible due to intense competition for food,Losdat, Sylvain, Helfenstein, Fabrice, Gaude, Benoît and Richner, Heinz; “Effect of sibling competition and male carotenoid supply on offspring condition and oxidative stress” occurs because parents and (usually) helpers can organise food supply in such a manner that sibling competition for food is virtually absent.Ricklefs, Robert E.; “SIBLING COMPETITION AND THE EVOLUTION OF BROOD SIZE AND DEVELOPMENT RATE IN BIRDS” The number of eggs usually ranges from two to four, and the incubation period is around twenty days with laying intervals of two days.

These inhibitory deficits may impair cortical function via cortical disinhibition and asynchrony. The drug LY354740 (also known as Eglumegad, an mGlu2/3 agonist) was shown to attenuate physiologic and cognitive abnormalities in animal and human studies of NMDA receptor antagonist and serotonergic hallucinogen effects, supporting the subsequent clinical evidence of efficacy for an mGluR2/3 agonist in the treatment of schizophrenia. The same drug has been shown to interfere in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, with chronic oral administration of this drug leading to markedly reduced baseline cortisol levels in bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata); acute infusion of LY354740 resulted in a marked diminution of yohimbine-induced stress response in those animals. LY354740 has also been demonstrated to act on the metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (GRM3) of human adrenocortical cells, downregulating aldosterone synthase, CYP11B1, and the production of adrenal steroids (i.e.

This pattern may be understood in terms of the drug's impact on the top-down–bottom-up balance that would normally account for the illusion's characteristic features since ketamine produces an overall increase in tendency to the illusion, whereas this sensitivity to the coherence of visual and tactile input is preserved. A further possibility is that ketamine enhances the salience of the visual input (the sight of a rubber hand in a position compatible with one's own hand) at the expense of information arising from the temporal asynchrony between sensory inputs. This would explain why the presence of the rubber hand is enough to enable the illusion to persist, even when in attenuated form, when visuo-tactile inputs are asynchronous.L. Morgana, Danielle C. Turnerb, Philip R. Corlett, "Exploring the Impact of Ketamine on the Experience of Illusory Body Ownership" Biological Psychiatry Volume 69, Issue 1, 1 January 2011, Pages 35-41 A very similar effect occurs with the administration of the dopamine and noradrenaline releasing agent dextroamphetamine.

They were interested in how such variation with an heritable component could be maintained over evolutionary time, and therefore studied fitness consequences for three years in a wild population of great tits. Selection was fluctuating between years, between the sexes and pair-combinations of personality was found to be important Since 2001 Christiaan Both mostly worked on the effects of climate change on trophic interactions, with an emphasis on changes phenology. Together with Marcel Visser he showed that climate change resulted in an insufficient response in timing of migration and egg-laying in the long-distance migratory pied flycatcher, and that local populations declined as a result of increased asynchrony between breeding time and the date of the local food peak. He is mostly interested in how different organisms can respond with different mechanisms and speeds to the high rates of current climate change, and the consequences this has for trophic interactions.