Of paradigmatic relations, the words under discussion mostly display antonymy and hyponymy.
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It will be essential reading for scholars interested in antonymy and corpus linguistics.
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Some relations between lexical items include hyponymy, hypernymy, synonymy, and antonymy, as well as homonymy.
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Morgan Kaufmann. , .Murphy, M. Lynne (2003). Semantic Relations and the Lexicon: Antonymy, Synonymy, and Other Paradigms.
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We have relations of meaning such as synonymy and antonymy, polysemy and homonymy, ways of organizing the vocabulary.
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Through careful distinctions among various occurrence contexts, it may also be possible to factor similarity into more specific relations such as synonymy, entailment, and antonymy.
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"Natural ni koishite" was used in a tie-in promotion with Japanese clothing line Natural Beauty Basic. A music critic Haruo Chikada points out in his music column "考えるヒット"(Kangaeru Hitto Considering hits) the antonymy of the two titles and compares the sound of Natural ni Koishite to Scritti Politti.
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There are many kinds of semantic relations between words. For example homonymy, antonymy, meronymy, and paronymy. Semantics that is specifically involved in lexicological work is called lexical semantics. Lexical semantics is somewhat different from the semantics of larger units such as phrases, sentences, and complete texts (or discourses), because it does not involve the same degree of compositional semantics complexities.
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Lexical semantics also explores whether the meaning of a lexical unit is established by looking at its neighbourhood in the semantic net, (words it occurs with in natural sentences), or whether the meaning is already locally contained in the lexical unit. In English, WordNet is an example of a semantic network. It contains English words that are grouped into synsets. Some semantic relations between these synsets are meronymy, hyponymy, synonymy, and antonymy.
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Proposals have been made to create a set framework for wordnets. Research has shown that every known human language has some sort of concept resembling synonymy, hyponymy, meronymy, and antonymy. However, every idea so far proposed has been met with criticism for using a pattern that works best for English and less for other languages. Another obstacle in the field is that no solid guidelines exist for semantic lexicon framework and contents.
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Semantic relations can refer to any relationship in meaning between lexemes, including synonymy (big and large), antonymy (big and small), hypernymy and hyponymy (rose and flower), converseness (buy and sell), and incompatibility. Semantic field theory does not have concrete guidelines that determine the extent of semantic relations between lexemes. The abstract validity of the theory is a subject of debate. Knowing the meaning of a lexical item therefore means knowing the semantic entailments the word brings with it.
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The concept of semantic similarity is more specific than semantic relatedness, as the latter includes concepts as antonymy and meronymy, while similarity does not. However, much of the literature uses these terms interchangeably, along with terms like semantic distance. In essence, semantic similarity, semantic distance, and semantic relatedness all mean, "How much does term A have to do with term B?" The answer to this question is usually a number between -1 and 1, or between 0 and 1, where 1 signifies extremely high similarity.
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Collocations are partly or fully fixed expressions that become established through repeated context-dependent use. Such terms as 'crystal clear', 'middle management', 'nuclear family', and 'cosmetic surgery' are examples of collocated pairs of words. Collocations can be in a syntactic relation (such as verb–object: 'make' and 'decision'), lexical relation (such as antonymy), or they can be in no linguistically defined relation. Knowledge of collocations is vital for the competent use of a language: a grammatically correct sentence will stand out as awkward if collocational preferences are violated.
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The large number of relations encoded in BulNet effectively illustrates the language's semantic and derivational richness that offers diverse opportunities for numerous applications of the multilingual database. BulNet offers linguistic solutions at the semantic level such as options for synonym selection, queries for semantic relations of a word in the language's lexical system (antonymy, holonymy, etc.), explanatory definition queries and translation equivalents for a lexical item. BulNet is an electronic multilingual dictionary of synonym sets along with their explanatory definitions and sets of semantic relations with other words in the language.Koeva, S. Derivational and morphosemantic relations in Bulgarian Wordnet.
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Semantic properties or meaning properties are those aspects of a linguistic unit, such as a morpheme, word, or sentence, that contribute to the meaning of that unit. Basic semantic properties include being meaningful or meaningless – for example, whether a given word is part of a language's lexicon with a generally understood meaning; polysemy, having multiple, typically related, meanings; ambiguity, having meanings which aren't necessarily related; and anomaly, where the elements of a unit are semantically incompatible with each other, although possibly grammatically sound. Beyond the expression itself, there are higher-level semantic relations that describe the relationship between units: these include synonymy, antonymy, and hyponymy.Akmajian, Adrian; Richard A. Demers, Ann K. Farmer, Robert M. Harnish (2001).
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