114 Sentences With "altruist" | Random Sentence Generator

Nonetheless, Esvelt's goals are essentially those of an effective altruist.

"I'm not an altruist, I'm not a do-gooder," Mr. Barney said.

In this respect, I'm not a strict effective altruist at the level of policy.

I wouldn't want all of charitable giving to be driven by effective altruist ends.

Altruist, the India-based mobile services company that bought Bubble Motion has done little to the service.

On Friday, Lee was awarded the Altruist of the Year award by Modern Luxury's Angeleno magazine for her ongoing charity work.

You don't have to be an altruist to accept that pandemics are best averted in the countries where they typically begin.

It's not that I'm a complete altruist: I want what I want just as much as any guy wants what he wants.

Senior engineers say there are pros and cons to such programs and say that altruist hackers still send it bugs to fix.

It isn't one of his more incidental lies, like that he's a generous altruist or that Trump Tower sells the world's best taco bowl.

But from an effective altruist framework — which emphasizes doing good by identifying the projects where resources can achieve the most — farm animal welfare stands out.

Which means the link wasn't an inside job perpetrated by the Deep State, just another indelible 2018 highlight from America's Mayor, a true political altruist.

For him, the most rational explanation available was that he had been chosen by God to discover the Price equation and to become an extreme altruist.

Ord is now a senior research fellow in philosophy at Oxford and has since cofounded the effective altruist movement with fellow philosophers Will MacAskill and Peter Singer.

In response to Berger and Penna, Will MacAskill, who founded the effective altruist group 80,000 Hours and co-founded Giving What We Can, proposed a thought experiment.

And, of course, there is the occasional altruist who eschews earbuds altogether and generously allows others to share in the melodious sounds of his game, music or video.

Effective altruist groups have developed resources for ensuring that the causes and charities they're excited about can make the most out of the day, including donation matching events.

That's a quicker time horizon than many foundations use, and allows for a relatively rapid test of what large-scale giving on effective altruist grounds would look like.

Although Sandusky's victims were boys, he, like Nassar, constructed his professional life so that he had steady access to children and appeared to be an altruist in their midst.

The Indian-based telecom services firm Altruist acquired the voice-based social media platform Bubbly in 2014, and apps like HearMeOut and Hubbub also offer voice recording and distribution technologies.

The book is not a kind of Will MacAskill/Peter Singer/effective altruist moral investigation of how to do charitable giving better, or what our individual obligations to donate might be.

How this altruism evolved is much debated by biologists and anthropologists—particularly when it extends, as in Dr Cohn's experiments, to strangers whom the altruist has no expectation of ever meeting.

However, if they happened to save a relative who shared the same genes, our altruist would have indirectly helped to get those genes passed on to the next generation after all.

I do think that the effective altruist types have a sort of relentless rationality — this argument that you should look for where you can have the maximum effect on human lives.

With fewer sources in the marketplace for RIAs to choose from, smaller firms in the custodian business like Apex and the startup Altruist will now be competing on pricing, Butler said.

But if it's to fund a fancy art museum (as J. Paul Getty did with his fortune), then money that could have saved lives was, in the effective altruist view, frittered away.

In the 21972s, apparently, egotistical scientist George Price discovered an equation that explained the evolution of altruism, then overnight turned into an extreme altruist, giving away everything up to and including his life.

You say the studies' findings suggest that if you're an effective altruist you're going to face some stumbling blocks in terms of how people perceive you, which could impact the movement's ability to grow.

Let's talk a bit about the chapter on AI risk, since this is where I find I lose a lot of people who aren't effective altruist types already persuaded that it's a serious threat.

But like a lot of the group's backers, I identify as an effective altruist, a term that describes people who believe you should direct your donations where your marginal dollar can do the most good.

In November 2018, he made his first grants to organizations recommended by Effective Giving, an effective altruist organization in Oxford that worked closely with him to figure out promising ways to help the far future.

Williams is an experienced survivalist, a crack shot, and a brave, resourceful altruist, but he's also unquestionably a comedy-relief sidekick, tagging along for the ride, and much less connected to Africa than the Caucasian hero.

Every altruist has their own motives, of course—some are emotional, responding to fellow humans in desperate straits, while others are more rational, thinking about the kind of society they'd like to live in and acting accordingly.

It's not that his altruism was a symptom of mental illness, nor that his equation turned him into an altruist; it was just another part of his increasingly disordered life that he was trying to incorporate into a consistent worldview.

And if everyone, one by one, makes the effective altruist calculation that it's likely to be more successful if we act as a donor than it is if we act as a citizen, that basically structurally guarantees that the first best thing isn't even tried.

He proposed that altruism could have evolved within family groups—yes, an individual altruist would seem to be at a disadvantage, but that was not the whole picture because other individuals who shared the same genes associated with altruism would all influence each other's 'inclusive fitness'.

Hamilton's rule, as it is now known, formalized this phenomenon as: rB > C Broken down, the formula suggests that genes for altruism will evolve if the cost (C) of them to the altruist are offset by the reproductive benefits (B) to those helped, multiplied by the probability (r) that the beneficiaries share the altruistic genes.

But as the Paddy's gang exits its sexual harassment training at episode's end, having learned nothing but that Dennis was the guy who set the whole thing up as an attempt to scare them into being more thoughtful (he's not really an altruist; he just worries women are getting too much power), it felt just about right to me.

We also discussed the differences between ethical philosophy and religion, why moral reasoning is a social act, the ethics of caring most about those closest to you, AI risk, open borders, where our obligations to others end, why Singer wouldn't have become a philosopher if he'd been an effective altruist in his youth, and much more.

Wallace, though, is hardly a humble altruist—a point that becomes clear when he sets Luv on a violent, top-secret mission that just happens to coincide with even an even more violent (and especially more top-secretish) mission undertaken by K (Ryan Gosling), an blade runner who's only beginning to question his purpose, and who's aided by a curious confidante named Joi (Ana de Armas).

Even if you're a firm believer in not judging a book by its cover (you altruist, you), He Who Must Not Be Named just looks like he's up to something terrible: the extremely pale, translucent skin, like he rose straight outta the crypt; the malevolent glint in his icy blue eyes; the absence of any hair whatsoever; the tiny slits where the nose usually goes.

Pederson has two types of echoists: the "subject altruist" and the "object altruist", with the former being concerned with the belonging of others and loving them, and the latter being concerned with their own belonging and being loved. The subject altruist is self-effacing, a people pleaser, and sacrifices her desire to help others who are outsiders become insiders, or to be the submissive helper of an insider. The object altruist is gregarious, a people person, and wants to be interesting which is based on wanting to fit in and not be an outsider or wanting to be unique as an insider. Both types of echoists show issues with being submissive, having problems saying no, and avoiding conflict.

Wang Magus, believing Broad Altruist to be cocky, charged at him with his blade; which was immediately parried by Jinzha, Broad Altruist's student. Once Broad Altruist bound Wang's throat, feet, and waist with golden bands, Jinzha beheaded Wang Magus in one swift slash of his sword — effectively putting an end to Wang Magus's life.

Her tombstone, erected by friends, reads "Altruist, Artist, Philosopher, and Philanthropist" under her name and "MARTYRED" in very large letters at the bottom.

With Yang Forest's assistance, Wang Magus was able to once again pursue Baby Tooth, this time within the sky. While riding through the clouds atop his great beast, Wang Magus unleashed his Earth Slashing Pearl technique to send Baby Tooth tumbling down to the valley below. As Wang Magus was about to finish off Baby Tooth, he heard Superiorman Broad Altruist singing a song. Once Wang Magnus approached Broad Altruist, Broad Altruist ordered Wang Magus not to kill Baby Tooth (for he would never be able to hear the end of the Investiture of the Gods Register if were to do so).

Kin selection is when individuals help close relatives with their reproduction process, seemingly because relatives will propagate some of the individual's own genes. Kin selection follows Hamilton's Rule, which suggests that if the benefit of a behavior to a recipient, taking into account the genetic relatedness of the recipient to the altruist, outweighs the costs of the behavior to the altruist, then it is in the altruist's genetic advantage to perform the altruistic behavior.

The Altruist premiered at The Ritz cinema in Voorhees, NJ on November 4, 2004. Just four days later it premiered in London at the Clapham Picture House (November 8, 2004).

Direct reciprocity states that individuals are more likely to cooperate with individuals that they are likely to encounter again. The altruist performs a behavior that benefits another individual but decreases their own fitness. Repayment for the altruistic act follows later when the two individuals meet again, and the former altruist becomes the receiver of the altruistic act and the former receiver becomes the altruist.Widdig, A., Streich, W. & Tembrock, G. Coalition formation among male Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus).

Jinzha was born to General Li Jing. The eldest brother of Nezha and the elder brother of Muzha, Jinzha had been a disciple of Manjusri Bodhisattva for many years, who was previously Broad Altruist or Wenshu Guangfa Tianzun.

Jenkins said it extolled African-American entrepreneurship while presenting Jay-Z as "a doting father and husband, an entrepreneur and altruist with ideas about how everyone else should handle their businesses, a king-tier braggart, and a rap legend".

If we take a man who suffers when he sees his fellow men living in poverty and consequently uses a significant part of his income to support their needs instead of his own pleasures, then the simplest way to describe this is that he makes less distinction between himself and others than is usually made. Regarding how things appear to us, the egoist asserts a gap between two individuals, but the altruist experiences the sufferings of others as his own. In the same way a compassionate man cannot hurt animals, though they appear as distinct from himself. What motivates the altruist is compassion.

The first three stories follow the character of agalmic "venture altruist" Manfred Macx, starting in the early 21st century; the second three stories follow his daughter Amber; and the final three focus largely on Amber's son Sirhan in the completely transformed world at the end of the century.

The 17th-century altruist Syed Khader, known colloquially as Seethakaathi, was a great patron of all Tamil poets. He commissioned Umaruppulavar to pen the first biography of Nabi. The collection of poems was called Seerapuranam. The 17th century also saw for the first time literary works by Christian authors.

In July 2013, Bubbly announced having a user base of over 30 million subscribers. The investors decided to liquidate the company in August 2014, but it was instead acquired by Altruist later that month. Forbes listed it as one of the 15 most successful social networks to watch in 2015.

Stories in which androids and robots are a danger to the protagonist include "Autofac", "Colony", and Vulcan's Hammer. However, "The Last of the Masters", Stableford contends, was an exception to Dick's common dystopic portrayals of technology, given Stableford's interpretation of Bors as an altruist, who was "benign" in its role.

The Altruist is a 2004 thriller film, written and directed by Mick McCleery. The film stars Billy Franks as Nick Andrews, the founder of a company called Terminal Assist, which matches up thrill killers and people who want to commit suicide. The supporting cast includes Bobbi Ashton, John Innocenzo, and Mike Mclaughlin.

When coalitions are composed of relatives, the contradictory nature of male reproductive alliances is easily resolved through inclusive fitness theory. The theory of inclusive fitness, proposed by Hamilton (1964) states that individuals can enhance their own reproductive fitness by securing the reproductive success of their relatives 10. For kin selection to increase the reproductive fitness of the altruist, according to Hamilton (1964) as cited in Nowak (2006) the coefficient of relatedness, between the donor and recipient of the altruistic act, must be greater than the cost-to-benefit ratio of the altruist act (r < c/b). In other words, the reproductive benefit gained by the recipient of the altruistic act times the coefficient of relatedness must be greater than the reproductive cost of the individual performing the altruistic act (rb > c).

These have added to the economy of the district as well as the state. Government is trying to promote technology and IT sector as the new area for growth and promotion although not many companies have yet settled in Shimla. There are many new startups in and around Shimla. There are over six call centres in Shimla, including Altruist Technologies and 31 Parallel.

Marvel Comics. Instead, they passively observe and record events for those who will come after the universe ends.Quasar #13-16 (1989). Marvel Comics. Uatu is the Watcher assigned to watch over Earth from his home in the Blue Area of the Moon. He is an altruist and has bent or violated his oath on numerous occasions in order to aid humanity.

You turned out to be a great entrepreneur, a visionary, and an incredible altruist. On January 29, 2011, Zuckerberg made a surprise guest appearance on Saturday Night Live, which was hosted by Jesse Eisenberg. They both said it was the first time they had met. Eisenberg asked Zuckerberg, who had been critical of his portrayal by the film, what he thought of the movie.

Harmonics of Evolution by Florence Huntley, 1897 Huntley was the brains behind Richardson's entire literary success—such as it was. She was an educated, trained, talented, successful newspaper woman; an altruist, a philosopher, a thinker, and a genius for dissecting and analyzing intricate psychological problems. Huntley edited everything of any merit that TK ever wrote. He produced nothing after "The Great Work," in 1906.

With this acquisition, the firm expanded its presence in Bangalore, Noida, Raipur, Chennai, Pune, Mumbai, Vadodara, Indore, Puducherry, Ahmedabad, Bhubaneswar, Hyderabad and Mangalore, and also entered the competitive BPO market in terms of employment with its only centre in North India in Noida. On 28th Nov, 2019 Hinduja Global Solutions decided to sell its domestic CRM business to Altruist Technologies in an all-cash transaction of Rs 40 crore.

If enough people are altruists, sacrificing the payoff of first-round defection is worth the price in order to determine whether or not your opponent is an altruist. Nagel and Tang (1998) suggest this explanation. Another possibility involves error. If there is a significant possibility of error in action, perhaps because your opponent has not reasoned completely through the backward induction, it may be advantageous (and rational) to cooperate in the initial rounds.

She gives cooking classes, exclusively vegan, writes a blog and runs a catering company. Apart from being an animal altruist, she is reported to have condemned any wastage of food. For her thesis in university, Wildbolz made food for a thousand people using most of the leftover or "garbage" food. The food, still fresh and thoroughly washed, was prepared into a meal and given out for free, and promoted the importance of vegan food, too.

In an interview with the website 'buried.com' McCleery gave some background on the conception of the idea for The Altruist. While shooting Track 16 in the summer of 1998 (also starring Franks and Ashton), director Mick McCleery read an article about the statistics of murders and suicides each year in the USA. He was surprised that the suicide rate was double that of the murder rate (an average of 60,000 versus 30,000).

He was commissioned by Seethakaathi, the altruist son of entrepreneur Periya Thambi Nainar Marakkayar, to pen Seerapuranam considered to be one of the best works in Tamil Muslim literature till date, depicting the biography of Nabi. It contains 5,027 poems in three ‘Kandams’ (parts), which are Vilathathu Kandam, Noobuvathu Kandam and Hijurathu Kandam. Each of the ‘Kandams’ narrates various stages of the life of Nabi. Muthu Mozhil Malai and Sethakathi wedding poems are among his other literary works.

Commonly Shandala, she is an 18-year-old altruist living an idyllic life. She came to the uncharted Fijian island of Lomalagi (or "Heaven") as an infant floating on the waves and was adopted by the island's wise tribal chief Tui Nisinu. The mysterious circumstances around her birth will return to haunt all who come to know her—and affect the whole world. In the DVD version, Shandala's voice is provided by Emmy-award winner Janyse Jaud.

The novel is set in Windsor, Pennsylvania, a fictional mill town on the Allegheny River north of Pittsburgh. It is an epic multigenerational saga, stretching from 1837 to the eve of World War I, about the Bouchard and Barbour families, who grow their small munitions factory into a great international corporation. Joseph Barbour is a servant who becomes a successful businessman and arms manufacturer. His younger son Martin is not interested in money and is an idealist and altruist.

Cites: Inquiry concerning Virtue or Merit, > Bk. II. ii. 1. This version of a golden mean doctrine that goes back to Aristotle was savaged by Mandeville, who slurred it as associated with a sheltered and comfortable life, Catholic asceticism, and modern sentimental rusticity. On the other hand, Jonathan Edwards adopted Shaftesbury's view that "all excellency is harmony, symmetry or proportion". On man as a social creature, Shaftesbury argued that the egoist and the extreme altruist are both imperfect.

Elevation exemplifies Barbara Fredrickson's (1998) broaden and build theory of positive emotions, which asserts that positive emotions expand an individual's scope of attention and cognition in the moment while also building resources for the future. Elevation makes an individual feel admiration for the altruist and also more motivated to help others. Elevation has the potential to spread by creating an upward helping spiral in which individuals view others doing good deeds and then feel an increased urge to help others.

Many alternative models have been proposed to explain the discrepancies between standard theory and experimental results. For example, the temporary cooperation in the centipede game has been ascribed to altruism and either error or the anticipation of errors by players. In the case of altruism, a player opposed by an altruist will cooperate temporarily to increase the size of the payoff, with the intention of defecting later. In the case of error, a player does not appreciate the vulnerabilities created by cooperative play.

Ethical egoism can be understood as a consequentialist theory according to which the consequences for the individual agent are taken to matter more than any other result. Thus, egoism will prescribe actions that may be beneficial, detrimental, or neutral to the welfare of others. Some, like Henry Sidgwick, argue that a certain degree of egoism promotes the general welfare of society for two reasons: because individuals know how to please themselves best, and because if everyone were an austere altruist then general welfare would inevitably decrease.

Cover of the 1996 edition David W. Levy has indicated that in A Traveler from Altruria Howells, while pursuing his industrious, profitable career as a man of letters, criticized the business principles that had helped ensure his own success. However, Levy also suggests that Howells, rather than solely romanticizing the poor at the expense of the middle and upper classes, created characters that represent "two sides of Howells' own personality", with the narrator embodying Howells' personal ambition and the altruist his aspiration toward a greater common good.

Additionally, the presence or absence of extrinsic incentives can be interpreted by observers as signals of an agent's motivations for engaging in some activity. To the extent that agents are concerned with cultivating an image as an altruist, the presence of extrinsic incentives can lower interest in engaging in some task that might signal non-altruistic motives. Compatible with these findings are studies showing that the effect of crowding out is greater in the case when extrinsic incentives are known publicly compared to when they are known only to the actor but not to observers.

Mile Cărpenișan was an altruist person who believed that people should do good things for each other. Attending to that, he created the "Mile Cărpenișan’s Challenge", a massive call to action to the society. Cărpenișan challenged people to make, daily, one good thing over a week and to see the results of their actions and their personal satisfaction. Only two weeks before his death Cărpenișan was working hard in order to organize a fundraising and get the money for a bone marrow transplant for Daniel Raduta, a young man who was dying of leukemia.

Second, egoists are not slaves to passion, pleasure, or immediate gratification. They are willing to postpone "immediate ends" in order to reach egoistic goals of higher value. Third, egoism cannot be reduced to greed, avarice, or purposeless accumulation. For him "The love of money within reason is conspicuously an egoistic manifestation, but when the passion gets the man, when money becomes his ideal, his god, we must class him as an altruist" because he has sacrificed his ability to assign value to the power of an external object.

In 2008, Markham Vineyards created the Mark of Distinction, a charitable effort that awards two $25,000 grants per year to organizations or individuals that work to cultivate positive change in American communities."Markham Vineyards Is Out To Promote Community Change", Spotlight's Wine Country Guide, April 21, 2011, accessed August 8, 2011. To complement the grant program, Markham annually produces two single-vineyard, limited production Estate Cabernet Sauvignon wines – The Philanthropist and The Altruist – in honor of the grant recipients. These wines feature labels that highlight each grant recipient's work.

916 focuses mainly on the relationship between a single father, Dr. Harikrishnan (Anoop Menon), and his 12th grade daughter Meera (Malavika Menon). It narrates the events of two closely knit families losing their balance; Harikrishnan's, and Dr. Ramesh's (Mukesh), his wife (Meera Vasudev) and their two children. While Dr. Harikrishnan is an altruist who considers his profession a means to serve society, Dr. Ramesh thinks otherwise. Prasanth (Asif Ali) appears as a romantic interest of Meera, leading her astray into the world of malls, cellphones, and the Internet.

Famous music director Chakravarty played a key role for not giving any opportunities for him and also made sure no one gave him an opportunity because of the personal grudge. Later during the last days of Chakravarthy, he called Ramakrishna and expressed his guilt and asked apology. Another famous singer SP.Balasubramanyam also sang a song that had been chosen earlier for Ramakrishna, and he even sang a song sung earlier by Rama Krishna. Apart from all these, he is a true altruist and took every thing for good and good inspiration for others.

14, 137-146. W. D. Hamilton has proposed a mathematical expression for the kin selection: :::::::::::::: rB>C "where B is the benefit to the recipient, C is the cost to the altruist (both measured as the number of offspring gained or lost) and r is the coefficient of relationship (i.e. the probability that they share the same gene by descent)."Madsen, E. A., Tunney, R. J., Fieldman, G.., Plotkin, H. C., Dunbar, R. I. M., Richardson, J., McFarland, D. (2007) Kinship and altruism: A cross- cultural experimental study.

Since effective altruism aims for cause neutrality (see above), it is in principle open to helping in whichever causes (problems) allow people to do the most good, impartially considered. Such causes may include, for example, providing food for the hungry, protecting endangered species, mitigating climate change, reforming immigration policy, researching cures for illnesses, preventing sexual violence, alleviating poverty, eliminating factory farming, or averting nuclear warfare. Many people in the effective altruist movement have prioritized global poverty, animal welfare, and risks to the survival and flourishing of humanity and its descendants over the long-term future.

American journal of primatology 50, 37–51 (2000). Direct reciprocity can operate between unrelated individuals because the benefit to the receiver is greater than the cost to the altruist; therefore, when both individuals have been on the receiving end of their partnership they have both increased their fitness. The simplest explanation for direct reciprocity is a tit-for-tat model in which individuals who have been on the receiving end of an altruistic act are more likely to cooperate in the future.Axelrod, R. The emergence of cooperation among egoists.

British Orthodox Rabbi Yankev-Meyer Zalkind, was an anarcho-communist, a close friend of the anarchist thinker Rudolf Rocker, and an active anti-militarist, who was jailed by the British authorities for his anti-war activism. Rabbi Zalkind was also a prolific Yiddish writer and a prominent Torah scholar, who authored a few volumes of commentaries on the Talmud. He believed that the ethics of the Talmud, if properly understood, are closely related to anarchism. The famous Kabbalist Rabbi Yehuda Ashlag believed in a religious version of libertarian communism, based on principles of Kabbalah, which he called altruist communism.

" University of Chicago Law School professor Eric Posner reviewed the book for Slate Magazine, concluding: "So what's an effective altruist to do? The utilitarian imperative to search out and help the people with the highest marginal utility of money around the world is in conflict with our limited knowledge about foreign cultures, which makes it difficult for us to figure out what the worst-off people really need. For this reason, donations to Little League and other local institutions you are familiar with may not be a bad idea. The most good you can do may turn out to be—not much.

The book faced criticism from Current Affairs due to its focus on effective altruism. Nathan J. Robinson wrote: > The End of Animal Farming is written from the "effective altruist" point of > view, and carries both that movement's best and worst tendencies. At their > best, the effective altruists help hone our moral reasoning, and focus on > being useful rather than seeming virtuous. You can see that in Reese’s > approach: He wants to convince you that ending animal farming is possible, > and lay out a series of steps by which it might be achieved, not just show > that it's important.

Since the empirical studies have produced results that are inconsistent with the traditional equilibrium analysis, several explanations of this behavior have been offered. Rosenthal (1981) suggested that if one has reason to believe his opponent will deviate from Nash behavior, then it may be advantageous to not defect on the first round. One reason to suppose that people may deviate from the equilibrium behavior is if some are altruistic. The basic idea is that if you are playing against an altruist, that person will always cooperate, and hence, to maximize your payoff you should defect on the last round rather than the first.

THL's online vegan advocacy ads have been discussed and critiqued on LessWrong and by negative utilitarian Brian Tomasik. Partly as a result of the ACE recommendation, THL has been viewed positively in the effective altruism movement. Raising for Effective Giving lists THL as one of the charities it recommends giving to. The Chronicle of Philanthropy cited an example of an effective altruist who chose to pursue a career in finance so that he could pursue earning to give, donating large sums to The Humane League to help it spend more aggressively in pursuit of its goals.

At the core of Becker's economic theory on the family, which he developed on the basis of figures for United States families in 1981, is the rotten kid theorem. He applied the economics of an altruist to a family, wherein a person takes actions that improve the well-being of another person, despite more self-interested action being feasible. Becker pointed out that a parent foregoes higher income, by focusing on family work commitments in order to maximize a well-meaning objective. Becker also theorized that a child in a US family may be perfectly selfish because it maximizes its own utility.

Karnofsky identifies with the ideas of effective altruism and has both represented and engaged with the effective altruist community. Earlier in his career, Karnofsky said he subscribed to a consequentialist moral framework that hoped to "give people more power to live the life they want to live". In recent years, he has written about the importance of extending empathy to all beings deserving of moral consideration, even when it is unusual or seems strange to do so. He believes that it is important for GiveWell to increase the racial and gender diversity of its employees, which the organization has taken steps towards.

Moskovitz speaking at Web Summit 2017 Moskovitz co-founded the philanthropic organization Good Ventures with his girlfriend (and now wife) Cari Tuna in 2011. In June 2012, Good Ventures announced a close partnership with charity evaluator GiveWell. Both organizations "are aiming to do as much good as possible" and thereby align with the goals of effective altruism. Good Ventures has donated approximately $100 million from 2011 onward to GiveWell top charities Against Malaria Foundation, GiveDirectly, Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, and Deworm the World Initiative, as well as standout charities (see Good Ventures for more) and other effective altruist organizations.

People are also more likely to help those in their social group, or their "in group". With a sense of shared identity with the individual requiring assistance, the altruist is more likely to provide help, on the basis that one allocates more time and energy towards helping behavior within individuals of their own group. The labeling of another individual as a member of one's "in-group" leads to greater feelings of closeness, emotional arousal, and a heightened sense of personal responsibility for the other's welfare, all of which increase the motivation to act prosocially. Researchers have also found that social exclusion decreases the likelihood of prosocial behavior occurring.

Altruists discriminate between the individuals they help and favor relatives. Hamilton's rule explains the evolutionary rationale behind this selection with the equation , where the cost to the altruist must be less than the benefit to the recipient multiplied by the coefficient of relatedness . The more closely related two organisms are causes the incidences of altruism to increase because they share many of the same alleles. This means that the altruistic individual, by ensuring that the alleles of its close relative are passed on through survival of its offspring, can forgo the option of having offspring itself because the same number of alleles are passed on.

Some Jewish mystical groups were based on anti-authoritarian principles, somewhat similar to the Christian Quakers and Dukhobors. Martin Buber, a deeply religious philosopher, had frequently referred to the Hasidic tradition. The Orthodox Kabbalist rabbi Yehuda Ashlag believed in a religious version of libertarian communism, based on principles of Kabbalah, which he called altruist communism. Ashlag supported the Kibbutz movement and preached to establish a network of self-ruled internationalist communes, who would eventually 'annul the brute-force regime completely, for “every man did that which was right in his own eyes.”', because 'there is nothing more humiliating and degrading for a person than being under the brute-force government'.

Self-conscious spirituality at the expense of the tangible is criticised in "Mythical Kings and Iguanas," while songs dealing with emotionally frail characters appear as "Lady With the Braid", "Lemon-Haired Ladies", and "The Altruist and the Needy Case". Feminist issues and dilemmas are explored in "Brando" and "The Owl and the Pussycat", while the male ego is attacked with wit and irony in "Michael, Michael", "Don't Put Him Down", and "The Perfect Man". In 1973, her screenplay Third Girl From The Left was filmed and broadcast as a TV movie. She also undertook some public performances that year, including a concert in New York on April 18, 1973.

Located on New York Avenue at 18th Street, the original building is connected with the gym building, built in the 1980s, by a second story enclosed bridge that runs over New York Avenue. The school became the South campus of Union City High School in September 2008, before converting to a middle school in September 2009, with the opening of the new Union City High School proper. The mascot of Union City was also changed to the Soaring Eagles. Alumni of the school include DJ and music producer Erick Morillo1989 Altruist: A Classic Year The Emerson High School yearbook for 1989 and former Green Bay Packers center Frank Winters.

Of Arab descent, the Marakayar sect has maritime trading community in Tamil Nadu since the 17th century. One notable sea-faring merchant, as recorded in the Chronicles of Thondaiman, was Periya Thambi Nainar Marakkayar who is widely believed to be the first rupee millionaire in the community. His son Seethakaathi, an altruist, commissioned the penning of Seerapuranam by Umaru Pulavar, A. M. M Mohammad Ibrahim Sahib alias Irumbukadai as the philanthropist in the mid 20th century and B. S. Abdur Rahman as the first dollar billionaire. The 11th president of India A. P. J. Abdul Kalam was also born to a Marakkayar boat-builder.

He wrote a note to himself about it: "That is an awful lot of waste there, if only someone could match those two groups up", and the basic plot of The Altruist was born. McCleery continued to work on the idea as he finished up post-production on Track 16 and was ready to shoot this new film in the summer of 2002. Leading man Billy Franks, who is British, flew over to America for the shoot, and was promptly deported. His passport had been out of order for years, and in pre-9/11 days they simply let him through, but things had changed by 2002.

Novelist and philosopher Ayn Rand denounced the altruist recipe that Jesus passed down to his pupils, and with it the idea of vicarious redemption. She thought that even Christians, who think of Jesus in the highest possible terms, should feel outraged by the notion of sacrificing virtue to vice. Not surprisingly, her understanding of love as a consequence of the rational mind looking after embodied values considers the ideas Jesus is most famous for as immoral. Consider the following excerpt from a 1959 interview conducted by Mike Wallace: > Wallace: Christ, every important moral leader in man's history, has taught > us that we should love one another.

This is suggested by studies into the common grackle, Quiscalus quiscula and the masked booby, Sula dactylatra. The theory of kin selection may be seen as a genetically mediated altruistic response within closely related individuals whereby the fitness conferred by the altruist to the recipient outweighs the cost to itself or the sibling/parent group. The fact that such a sacrifice occurs indicates an evolutionary tendency in some taxa toward improved vertical gene transmission in families or a higher percentage of the unit in reaching a reproductive age in a resource-limited environment. The closely related masked and Nazca boobies are both obligately siblicidal species, while the blue-footed booby is a facultatively siblicidal species.

The book comprises a collection of essays which discuss negative aspects of altruism and empathy towards others, such as when altruism hurts the altruist, is taken to an unhealthy extreme, or causes more harm than good. Examples given include depression and burnout seen in healthcare professionals, an unhealthy focus on others to the detriment of one's own needs, hoarding of animals, and ineffective philanthropic and social programs that ultimately worsen the situations they are meant to aid. It is considered the first book to explore negative aspects of altruism and empathy. According to Oakley, anorexia, supporting addictions of other people (codependency), animal hoarding, depression, guilt and self-righteousness can be pathological altruism.

Compared to neutral observers, parents tend to overvalue the qualities of their child. When parents act in an extreme opposite style and the child is rejected or inconsistently reinforced depending on the mood of the parent, the self-needs of the child are not met. Freud contrasted the natural development of active-egoistic and passive- altruistic tendencies in the individual with narcissism, in the former, and what Trevor Pederson referred to as echoism, in the latter.The Economics of Libido: Psychic Bisexuality, the Superego, and the Centrality of the Oedipus Complex (2015) Where the egoist can give up love in narcissism, the altruist can give up on the competition, or "the will," in echoism.

E. O. Wilson reignited debate on biological determinism with his 1975 book Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. Sociobiology emerged with E. O. Wilson’s 1975 book Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. The existence of a putative altruism gene has been debated; the evolutionary biologist W. D. Hamilton proposed "genes underlying altruism" in 1964, while the biologist Graham J. Thompson and colleagues identified the genes OXTR, CD38, COMT, DRD4, DRD5, IGF2, GABRB2 as candidates “affecting altruism”. The geneticist Steve Jones argues that altruistic behaviour like "loving our neighbour" is built into the human genome, with the proviso that neighbour means member of "our tribe", someone who shares many genes with the altruist, and that the behaviour can thus be explained by kin selection.

Effective altruist organizations have argued that some charities are far more effective than others, either because some do not achieve their goals or because of variability in the cost of achieving those goals. When possible, they seek to identify charities that are highly cost- effective, meaning that they achieve a large benefit for a given amount of money. For example, they select health interventions on the basis of their impact as measured by lives saved per dollar, quality-adjusted life years (QALY) saved per dollar, or disability-adjusted life years (DALY) averted per dollar. This measure of disease burden is expressed as the number of years lost due to ill-health, disability or early death.

Six years after its debut, DC Comics canceled the Batgirl comic book series with issue #73 (2006), ending with Cain relinquishing her role as Batgirl. When DC Comics continuity skipped forward one year after the events of the limited series Infinite Crisis, Cassandra Cain is revived as leader of the League of Assassins, having abandoned her previous characterization as an altruist. The character's progression from hero to villain angered some of her fans and was accompanied by heavy criticism. Cain reprised her role as Batgirl in the "Titans East" (2007) storyline of Teen Titans, where it was discovered that she had been influenced by a mind-altering drug administered by supervillain Deathstroke the Terminator.

The soap opera's official website stated that Eve was the "beautiful and compassionate town doctor" who was enjoying a successful career; she was described as an altruist by John Berlau of The Atlas Society. Ross initially saw the character as easy to play, calling her "everyone's best friend, and the town doctor, and a great mother". The actress had a more difficult time when Eve began behaving in morally questionable ways to protect secrets about her past. She felt that the change in Eve's character made the role challenging on an emotional level, comparing the experience to "getting a jail sentence and you're expected to go along with it without any explanation" or "the gods messing with somebody with no reason but to mess with them".

Adherents of neoclassical economics, the mainstream school of economics, employ the theory of marginalism, which holds that the value of any good or service is measured by its price. While Marxian surplus value can't be measured, the utility of the "last" bought consumption good determined by its marginal utility, in satisfying a specific consumer's wants should therefore be concerned as a complete absolute essence, where politics, social constructions, ideologies and culture (such as the media, fashion, and consumerism) should be considered nonexistent. While Marx emphasizes profit maximisation (under the premise that a capitalist would only be concerned with profit), neoclassical economists view the maximisation of utility at the individual or societal level (i.e. in capitalism individuals are understood as altruist concerned solely in providing people with what they want).

Effective altruist organizations make philanthropic recommendations for charities on the basis of the impact from marginal funding rather than merely evaluating the average value of all donations to the charity. Effective altruists would avoid donating to organizations that have no "room for more funding" – those that face bottlenecks other than money which prevent them from spending the funds they have already accumulated or are expected to receive. For example, a medical charity might not be able to hire enough doctors or nurses to distribute the medical supplies it is capable of purchasing, or it might already be serving all of the potential patients in its market. There are many other organizations which do have room for more funding, so giving to one of those instead would produce real-world improvements.

Mohammad Reza Pahlavi with Habib Sabet on visit to television centre On October 3, 1958, Television Iran (TVI) was established, broadcasting from Tehran. A second station, based in Abadan in the south of the country, was established in 1960.Iran Almanac and Book of Facts, Echo of Iran, 1992, page 238 Its programming included quiz shows and American programmes dubbed into Persian, and appealed to an unsophisticated audience.The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 7, Cambridge University Press, 1989, pages 810–811 Habib Sabet, a Baháʼí who was one of Iran's major industrialists, was the founder of the first television station.Habib Sabet Is Dead; An Iranian Altruist And Industrialist, The New York Times, February 24, 1990, page 30 The station manager was an American, A. Vance Hallack, who had previously operated the Baghdad Television Station in Iraq.

Under conditions where the social trait sufficiently correlates (or more properly, regresses) with other likely bearers, a net overall increase in reproduction of the social trait in future generations can result. The concept serves to explain how natural selection can perpetuate altruism. If there is an "altruism gene" (or complex of genes or heritable factors) that influence an organism's behavior in such a way that is helpful and protective of relatives and their offspring, this behavior can also increase the proportion of the altruism gene in the population, because relatives are likely to share genes with the altruist due to common descent. In formal terms, if such a complex of genes arises, Hamilton's rule (rb>c) specifies the selective criteria (in terms of relatedness (r), cost (c) benefit (b)) for such a trait to increase in frequency in the population (see Inclusive fitness for more details).

The concept serves to explain how natural selection can perpetuate altruism. If there is an "altruism gene" (or complex of genes) that influences an organism's behavior to be helpful and protective of relatives and their offspring, this behavior also increases the proportion of the altruism gene in the population, because relatives are likely to share genes with the altruist due to common descent. In formal terms, if such a complex of genes arises, Hamilton's rule (rbc) specifies the selective criteria (in terms of cost, benefit and relatedness) for such a trait to increase in frequency in the population. Hamilton noted that inclusive fitness theory does not by itself predict that a species will necessarily evolve such altruistic behaviors, since an opportunity or context for interaction between individuals is a more primary and necessary requirement in order for any social interaction to occur in the first place.

To address the fundamental problem of scarcity of supply of organs, Tayur collaborates with the New Jersey Sharing Network, part of the United Network for Organ Sharing, investigating behavioral economic approaches that will increase the consent rate of the legal next-of-kin of deceased individuals. This work attracted the attention of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy and was featured in the 24th Association for Multicultural Affairs in Transplantation Annual Meeting in 2016. Tayur also supports finding other innovative methods to increase organ donation and supports the need for clarification to be able to conduct further research. Tayur has also engaged other researchers, transplant surgeons, and policy bodies, as well as students, by serving on the organizing committee of the 2016 Johns Hopkins Symposium on Healthcare Operations, with a theme of "When Organ Transplantation meets Operations Research," and by speaking on "Effective and Innovative Solutions to Increase Organ Donation" at the Harvard Effective Altruist Chapter.

Dawkins builds upon George C. Williams's book Adaptation and Natural Selection (1966), which argued that altruism is not based upon group benefit per se, but is a result of selection that occurs "at the level of the gene mediated by the phenotype" and any selection at the group level occurred only under rare circumstances. This approach was developed further during the 1960s by W. D. Hamilton and others who opposed group selection and selection aimed directly at benefit to the individual organism: > Despite the principle of 'survival of the fittest' the ultimate criterion > which determines whether [a gene] G will spread is not whether the behavior > is to the benefit of the behaver, but whether it is to the benefit of the > gene G ...With altruism this will happen only if the affected individual is > a relative of the altruist, therefore having an increased chance of carrying > the gene. :— W. D. Hamilton, The Evolution of Altruistic Behavior, pp. > 354–355 An extended discussion of Dawkins' views and his book The Selfish Gene is provided by Wilkins and Hull.

Wilson suggests the equation for Hamilton's rule: ::rb > c (where b represents the benefit to the recipient of altruism, c the cost to the altruist, and r their degree of relatedness) should be replaced by the more general equation ::rbk \+ be > c in which bk is the benefit to kin (b in the original equation) and be is the benefit accruing to the group as a whole. He then argues that, in the present state of the evidence in relation to social insects, it appears that be>rbk, so that altruism needs to be explained in terms of selection at the colony level rather than at the kin level. However, kin selection and group selection are not distinct processes, and the effects of multi-level selection are already accounted for in Hamilton's rule, rb>c, provided that an expanded definition of r, not requiring Hamilton's original assumption of direct genealogical relatedness, is used, as proposed by E. O. Wilson himself. Spatial populations of predators and prey show restraint of reproduction at equilibrium, both individually and through social communication, as originally proposed by Wynne-Edwards.

In Glory and Agony: Isaac's Sacrifice and National Narrative, Yael S. Feldman argues that the story of Isaac's Binding, in both its biblical and post-biblical versions (the New Testament included) has had a great impact on the ethos of altruist heroism and self-sacrifice in modern Hebrew national culture. As her study demonstrates, over the last century the "Binding of Isaac" has morphed into the "Sacrifice of Isaac", connoting both the glory and agony of heroic death on the battlefield. In Legends of the Jews, rabbi Louis Ginzberg argues that the binding of Isaac is a way of God to test Isaac's claim to Ishmael, and to silence Satan's protest about Abraham who had not brought up any offering to God after Isaac was born, also to show a proof to the world that Abraham is the true god-fearing man who is ready to fulfill any of God's commands, even to sacrifice his own son: The Book of Genesis does not tell the age of Isaac at the time. Some Talmudic sages teach that Isaac was an adult aged thirty seven, likely based on the next biblical story, which is of Sarah's death at 127 years, being 90 when Isaac was born.