By boiling with water, dilute acids or dilute alkalies, collagen is split up into gelatin or glutin.
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The water in the alkalies evaporated at 180˚C, and the arsenic pentoxide was stable below 400˚C .
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He now knew to what the causticity of alkalies is owing, and how to induce it, or remove it, at pleasure.
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Dr. Pereira recommends alkalies in cases of dyspepsia and pyrosis, when there is an excess of acid secreted by the stomach.
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Alkalies were already linked with feldspars and feldspathoids both in alkali syenites and in metasomatic fenites to be contained by residual carbonate. That is why carbonatites contained very low alkalies. The carbonatitic magma, after the melt separation, was intruded in Karroo sandstones, or earlier formed fenites. The bottom periphery of caldera, 0.5 km wide, is mostly built of feldspathic rocks (fenites), and little or no carbonatite.
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Nouns written with -i usually have plurals in -is (for example: alibis, bikinis, Israelis), but some plurals in -ies are also found (for example: chillies, alkalies).
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After retirement from professional baseball, Leo played (mainly pinch-hitting) and managed a semi-pro club in Saltville called the Alkalies while working for the Olin Mathieson Chemical Company.
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Alsfonin combines with acids, but does not completely neutralise them. Hydrochloric and other strong acids, also alkalies, decompose it partly on evaporation in the water-bath to a dark-coloured acid substance. The hydrochloride of alstonine gives precipitates with the chlorides of platinum and mercury, iodide of potassium, the phosphomolybdate and melatungstate of soda, bichromate of potash, picric acid, and with the alkalies and alkaline carbonates. Tannic acid does not precipitate the hydrochloride, but does the acetate and the pure base.
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The alkalies Na2O and K2O are present in varying amounts among alkaline rocks, and petrologists disagree on the precise definition of the term "alkaline rock". Shand (1922) Shand (1943) also defined a peralkalinity index.
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The products that Paracelsus and Libavius found were all impure alkali arsenates. Scheele prepared a number of arsenates by the action of arsenic acid on the alkalies. One of the arsenates that he prepared, was arsenic pentoxide.
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It is sparingly soluble in water and most organic solvents; it is readily soluble in alkalies and acids. Glycin is structurally related to 4-aminophenol and Metol. Decarboxylation of glycin gives Metol. Glycin has a milder reduction potential than Metol.
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PPS is one of the most important high temperature thermoplastic polymers because it exhibits a number of desirable properties. These properties include resistance to heat, acids, alkalies, mildew, bleaches, aging, sunlight, and abrasion. It absorbs only small amounts of solvents and resists dyeing.
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However in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), a compound similar to PMA, degradation occurs instead. It is soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). PMA is water-sensitive and unlike PMMA, is not stable against alkalies. It is used as macroinitiator to initiate the copolymerisation of HEMA and DMAEMA.
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For example possesses PEEK a Tg of 143 °C but is anyway applicable up to 250 °C (continuous service temperature = 250 °C). Another advantage of semi- crystalline polymers is their high resistance against chemical substances: PEEK possesses a high resistance against aqueous acids, alkalies and organic solvents.
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Lewis dot diagram structures show three formal alternatives for describing bonding in boron monofluoride. Silicon tetrafluoride, similar to carbon tetrafluoride and germanium tetrafluoride, adopts a molecular tetrahedral structure. SiF4 is stable against heating or electric spark, but reacts with water (even moist air), metals, and alkalies, thus demonstrating weak acidic character.
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2,4-Dinitroanisole can be formed from p-nitroanisole or o-nitroanisole nitration. Also it can be formed from 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene by treatment with sodium methoxide (sodium in methanol) or sodium hydroxide with methanol. Over a period of days, alkalies will hydrolyse the ether bond to form 2,4-dinitrophenol.
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The slower cooled magma obtained granular texture. Carbonatitic magma was probably separated during the differentiation and crystallization of syenites and alkali basic rocks. The primary silicate magma was enriched with alkalies, carbon-dioxide, calcium and deficient with silica. During the alkali syenite crystallization, the carbonate portion of silicate magma was separated forming carbonatitic magma.
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It remains stable in solution over pH range 5-7. Strong acids cause hydrolysis and loss of viscosity and alkalies in strong concentration also tend to reduce viscosity. It is insoluble in most hydrocarbon solvents. The viscosity attained is dependent on time, temperature, concentration, pH, rate of agitation and particle size of the powdered gum used.
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Potassium nitrite can be obtained by the reduction of potassium nitrate. The production of potassium nitrite by absorption of nitrogen oxides in potassium hydroxide or potassium carbonate is not employed on a large scale because of the high price of these alkalies. Furthermore, the fact that potassium nitrite is highly soluble in water makes the solid difficult to recover.
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After having successfully started a caustic soda factory called Sree Ralayaseem Alkalies and Allied Chemicals, Venkatesh diversified into manufacturing high-strength calcium hypochlorite, power projects, wind power, manufacturing animal vaccines, large-scale salt producing units, movie theatres and star hotels, spread over Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. He was for some time the chairman of the Andhra Pradesh State Trading Corporation.
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Over 40 students from various institutes learned how to contribute to global health and development at IIT Gandhinagar in a month-long event called Summer Institute on Global Health and Development, which concluded on 12 June 2015. The event was jointly organised by IITGN and the University of Saskatchewan, Canada, with the support of Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Limited (GACL).
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General chemical structure of polychlorinated triphenyls where 0≤x≤5 and 0≤y≤4 and 0≤z≤5 Polychlorinated terphenyls (PCTs) are a group of chlorine derivatives of terphenyls. They are chemically related to polychlorinated biphenyls and have similar chemical properties. They have very low electrical conductivity, high heat stability, and high resistance to alkalies and strong acids. They are non-flammable and insoluble in water.
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Analogous to the synthesis of other cyclodienes, heptachlor is produced via the Diels-Alder reaction of hexachlorocyclopentadiene and cyclopentadiene. The resulting adduct is chlorinated followed by treatment with hydrogen chloride in nitromethane in the presence of aluminum trichloride or with iodine monochloride. Compared to chlordane, it is about 3–5 times more active as an insecticide, but more inert chemically, being resistant to water and caustic alkalies.
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The dioxide is a powerful oxidizer: it can oxidize hydrochloric and sulfuric acids. It does not reacts with alkaline solution, but reacts with solid alkalies to give hydroxyplumbates, or with basic oxides to give plumbates. Reaction of lead with sulfur or hydrogen sulfide yields lead sulfide. The solid has the NaCl-like structure (simple cubic), which it keeps up to the melting point, 1114 °C (2037 °F).
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Igneous rocks with shoshonitic chemical characteristics must be:Morrison, Gregg, 1980, Characteristics and tectonic settings of shoshonite rock association, Lithos, 13, 97-108 #Near-saturated in silica; #Low iron enrichment; #High total alkalies (Na2O + K2O > 5%); #High K2O/Na2O; #Steep positive slope for K2O versus SiO2 at low SiO2; #Enrichment in P, Rb, Sr, Ba, Pb, light rare earth elements; #Low TiO2; #High but variable Al2O3; #High Fe2O3/FeO.
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The book contains recipes "without the employment of milk, sugar, salt, yeast, acids, alkalies, grease, or condiments of any kind." An early vegan cookbook, Rupert H. Wheldon's No Animal Food: Two Essays and 100 Recipes, was published in London in 1910.Rupert Wheldon, No Animal Food, New York and New Jersey: Health Culture Co., 1910. The consumption of milk and eggs became a battleground over the following decades.
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In 1752, the French chemist Pierre Joseph Macquer (1718–1784) first reported the preparation of potassium ferrocyanide, which he achieved by reacting Prussian blue (iron(III) ferrocyanide) with potassium carbonate. From pp. 63-64: "Après avoir essayé ainsi inutilement de décomposer le bleu de Prusse par les acides, … n'avoit plus qu'une couleur jaune un peu rousse." (After having tried so vainly to decompose Prussian blue by acids, I made recourse to alkalies.
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A germanide is any binary compound of germanium and a more electropositive element. The composition of most germanides is analogous to that of the corresponding silicides and does not follow formal valence rules. The germanides of alkali and alkaline earth metals, are readily decomposed by water and acids to give germanium hydrides; most germanides of the transition metals resist the action of acids and alkalies. The main method of producing germanides is the melting or sintering of the components.
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Santonin can be converted to santonic acid (C15H20O4) via based-catalyzed hydrolysis followed by a multistep rearrangement process.Base-catalyzed rearrangements Santonin dissolves in alkalies with formation of salts of this carboxylic acid. Santonin, in acetic acid solution, when exposed to sunlight for about a month, is converted into (colorless) photosantonic acid (C15H22O5) which is generally regarded as less toxic. The ethyl ester of the latter is obtained when an alcoholic solution of santonin is exposed to sunlight (Sestini).
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Common irritants include detergents, acids, alkalies, oils, organic solvents and reducing agents. Clinical manifestations of the contact dermatitis are also modified by external factors such as environmental factors (mechanical pressure, temperature, and humidity) and predisposing characteristics of the individual (age, sex, ethnic origin, preexisting skin disease, atopic skin diathesis, and anatomic region exposed. Another occupational skin disease is glove-related hand urticaria, believed to be caused by repeated wearing and removal of the gloves. It has been reported as an occupational problem among the health care workers.
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Karl Heinrich Ritthausen found legumin from peas, vetches, lentils, and field beans to contain the elements in the following proportions: carbon, 51.48%; hydrogen, 7.02%; nitrogen, 16.77%; and oxygen, 24.32%. Legumin is insoluble in water, and is soluble in very weak acids and alkalies; and it is not coagulated by heat. It resembles the casein of mammalian milk, with which it was considered identical by Liebig and others, and was therefore called “vegetable casein.” It contains less carbon and more nitrogen, however, than true casein.
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Gujarat solar park 1, also called Charanka Solar Park, is being built on a plot of land near Charanka village in Patan district, northern Gujarat. So far, the park has witnessed investments of Rs 5,365 crore and generated 3,441 million units till date. Installed generation capacity is at about 615 MW at present, having been commissioned by 31 developers in the Solar Park. GACL (Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Limited) is setting up 30 MW Solar PV plant, and GSFC (Gujarat State Fertilizers and Chemicals) is in the process of setting up 10 MW project.
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Gujarat Solar Park-1 (also called Charanka Solar Park) is currently in the process of development on a plot of land near Charanka village in Patan district, northern Gujarat. So far, the park has witnessed investments of Rs 5,365 crore and generated 3,441 million units till date. Installed generation capacity is at about 615 MW at present, having been commissioned by 31 developers in the Solar Park. GACL (Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Limited) is setting up 30 MW Solar PV plant, and GSFC (Gujarat State Fertilizers and Chemicals) is in the process of setting up 10 MW project.
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There are three oxides known: PbO, Pb3O4 (sometimes called "minium"), and PbO2. The former has two allotropes: α-PbO and β-PbO, both with layer structure and tetracoordinated lead. The alpha allotrope is red-colored and has the Pb–O distance of 230 pm; the beta allotrope is yellow- colored and has the Pb–O distance of 221 and 249 pm (due to asymmetry). Thanks to the similarity, both allotropes can exist under standard conditions (beta with small (10−5 relative) impurities, such as Si, Ge, Mo, etc.). PbO reacts with acids to form salts, and with alkalies to give plumbites, [Pb(OH)3]− or [Pb(OH)4]2−.
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Zeise became a university student in 1809. Zeise had at first intended to study medicine, but while attending lectures it became clear that his interests had a broader scientific base; and chemistry remained his favourite subject. He still experimented in Ørsted's Laboratory, but since at that time there was no prospect for a teaching position at the University, he took the pharmacist exam in 1815, later a master's degree (magisterkonferens) and on 21 October 1817 he defended his Doctoral dissertation on 'The effect of Alkalies upon organic substances'. The experimental part of this work he performed in a small laboratory, which in 1816 he had converted from the pharmacy in Slagelse.
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M., is obtained by treating the alcoholic extract with water and a little hydrochloric acid, adding to the filtered solution a small excess of ammonia, dissolving the separated flocculent precipitate in ether, evaporating the ethereal solution, and purifying the remaining alkaloid (alsfonin) by dissolving again in dilute acid and repeating the above process. It forms an orange yellow, brittle, pellucid mass, of very bitter taste, melts below 100 degrees celsius and is carbonised at higher temperatures; dissolves easily in alcohol, ether, and dilute acids, but sparingly in water. All its solutions in the dilute state exhibit a strong blue fluorescence which is not affected by acids or alkalies. Its alcoholic solution has a slightly alkaline reaction.
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His discovery was announced in Contributions to the Knowledge of the Infra-Red Emission Spectra of the Alkalies, Jena 1907. Carl Runge called this series the "new series". He predicted that the lines of potassium and rubidium would be in pairs. He expressed the frequencies of the series lines by a formula and predicted a connection of the series limit to the other known series. In 1909 W. M. Hicks produced approximate formulas for the various series and noticed that this series had a simpler formula than the others and thus called it the "fundamental series" and used the letter F. The formula that more resembled the hydrogen spectrum calculations was because of a smaller quantum defect.
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Urea-formaldehyde resin condensates Cured melamine resin structure Furan resin prepolymers made from furfuryl alcohol, or by modification of furfural with phenol, formaldehyde (methanal), urea or other extenders, are similar to amino and phenolic thermosetting resins in that cure involves polycondensation and release of water as well as heat. While they are generally cured under the influence of heat, catalysts and pressure, furan resins can also be formulated as dual-component no-bake acid-hardened systems which are characterised by high resistance to heat, acids and alkalies. Furan resins are of increasing interest for the manufacture of sustainable composites - biocomposites made from a bio-derived matrix (in this case furan resin), or biofibre reinforcement, or both. Polyfurfuryl alcohol resin.
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In Vadodara various large-scale industries such as Indian Oil Corporation(IOCL), Gujarat State Fertilizers & Chemicals (GSFC), Vadodara Manufacturing Division(VMD)(Formerly IPCL) of Reliance Industries Limited, Linde Engineering India, L&T; and Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Limited (GACL) have come up in the vicinity of Gujarat Refinery and all of them are dependent on it for their fuel and feedstock. Other large-scale public sector units are Heavy Water Project, Gujarat Industries Power Company Limited (GIPCL), Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) & Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL). In addition to these public sector enterprises, a number of other large-scale enterprises have come up in the private sector such as Avalanch Global Solutions, Bombardier Transportation.MasterCard launches technology hub in India with facilities in Pune and Vadodara – The Economic Times . Economictimes.indiatimes.
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During 1773 Lavoisier determined to review thoroughly the literature on air, particularly "fixed air," and to repeat many of the experiments of other workers in the field. He published an account of this review in 1774 in a book entitled Opuscules physiques et chimiques (Physical and Chemical Essays). In the course of this review, he made his first full study of the work of Joseph Black, the Scottish chemist who had carried out a series of classic quantitative experiments on the mild and caustic alkalies. Black had shown that the difference between a mild alkali, for example, chalk (CaCO3), and the caustic form, for example, quicklime (CaO), lay in the fact that the former contained "fixed air," not common air fixed in the chalk, but a distinct chemical species, now understood to be carbon dioxide (CO2), which was a constituent of the atmosphere.
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Lavoisier, together with Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau, Claude-Louis Berthollet, and Antoine François de Fourcroy, submitted a new program for the reforms of chemical nomenclature to the Academy in 1787, for there was virtually no rational system of chemical nomenclature at this time. This work, titled Méthode de nomenclature chimique (Method of Chemical Nomenclature, 1787), introduced a new system which was tied inextricably to Lavoisier's new oxygen theory of chemistry. The Classical elements of earth, air, fire, and water were discarded, and instead some 55 substances which could not be decomposed into simpler substances by any known chemical means were provisionally listed as elements. The elements included light; caloric (matter of heat); the principles of oxygen, hydrogen, and azote (nitrogen); carbon; sulfur; phosphorus; the yet unknown "radicals" of muriatic acid (hydrochloric acid), boric acid, and "fluoric" acid; 17 metals; 5 earths (mainly oxides of yet unknown metals such as magnesia, baria, and strontia); three alkalies (potash, soda, and ammonia); and the "radicals" of 19 organic acids.
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