Lewis Rutherfurd captured this large albumen silver print of the moon on March 4, 1865.
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Egg whites are often called albumen — note the spelling — but it's not the same thing.
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It collects layers of membranes and albumen along its way through the reproductive track and develops its white.
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IN THE PHOTOGRAPH, 483 raw yolks sit in a plastic ice-cube tray, each compartment brimming with albumen.
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This albumen silver print by French photographer Eugène Atget depicts a crowd in Paris watching an eclipse on April 21820, 1912.
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Watch them struggling out of their shells—albumen-coated miracles, translucent and greasy—and you'll never again classify eggs as inanimate objects.
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GRI acquired these rare albumen prints in 2015, the year ISIS seized the city and quickly moved to obliterate its structures, viewing them as blasphemous.
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Available online at the Getty Research Portal, the photography incunabula GRI is focusing on consists of early material, mostly illustrated with salted-paper and albumen prints.
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Also, several of the goats have the remnants of egg shells and the hardened drip of albumen between their ears as if eggs were broken over their heads.
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Almost a century and a half before, Carleton Watkins photographed a rough-hewed wooden cabin alongside the Columbia River; a superb albumen print of "The Garrison, Columbia River," c.
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I was yolk and albumen, held together by willpower and rage, unable to realize that my shell was gone and that I should have splattered wetly on the ground.
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A group of early albumen prints by Benito Penunzi, an Italian photographer who came to Argentina in 1861, documents the city which was modeled largely after post-Haussmann Paris.
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Unlike most stereoviews, these images married sculpture and photography: sculptors (unidentified on the images) would craft small dioramas from clay that would then be photographed and printed on albumen paper.
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His "Bas-relief Colossal à Palenque" (220–21944), a large, stunning albumen-silver print of a ruin fragment in the Yucatán, was surely difficult to produce with glass negatives at the time.
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We see this reflected in a later self-portrait of Girault (in his garden) from about 1860 — this time not a daguerreotype but an albumen print (a process using egg whites) on paper.
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Although they were originally albumen silver prints, they featured color, like paintings: Saunders likely hand-painted them himself; his studio, which hired Chinese artisans, was actually responsible for producing the first hand-colored photographs of China.
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Other objects complement the photographs, such as the 1870 book The Heart of the Continent by Fritz Hugh Ludlow, who traveled to Yosemite with Bierstadt; watercolors by James Madison Alley; and albumen prints by Carleton E. Watkins.
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By the 21854s, new processes had been introduced called the wet-collodion-glass negative and the albumen print, which were variations on the paper negative, but achieved a higher level of sharp details and greater range of tone.
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When: Through May 10 Where: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1000 Fifth Avenue, Upper East Side, Manhattan Early photo nerds, rejoice: there are daguerreotype and albumen prints galore in this focused exhibition dedicated to the first two decades of photography's history.
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A horde of steamships gathers at the St. Louis levee in Thomas M. Easterly's 1852 daguerreotype of the rapidly expanding city; railroad tracks cut through a forest of towering trees in James F. Ryder's 1862 albumen prints for the Atlantic & Great Western Railway.
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Walking around the fair is quite literally a tour through photographic history, with some of the first-ever printed calotypes or albumen prints from the 1800s displayed next to screens flashing digital images that would have made William Henry Fox Talbot's head explode in wonderment.
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She was wearing a scarlet crushed-velvet blazer and the type of leather ankle boots you might encounter in an albumen silver print, one of which, "Georgiana Houghton, Tommy Guppy and a Spirit" (1872), she discusses as an example of the Victorian vogue for photographs of mediums.
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Conversely, another juxtaposition reveals that Whistler's famous etching of the Thameside tavern, "The Adam and Eve, Old Chelsea," dated 1878, was not made on the spot but from an albumen photo print taken by James Hedderly around 1865 — the pub and surrounding buildings having in the meantime been demolished to make way for the Chelsea Embankment.
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As does the careful slow walk home, the ritual of pinpricks through both ends, the steady breath that blows the yolk and albumen clean out but keeps the pretty shell intact, the nest of crumpled paper in the cedar drawer, the darkness falling then, the hush, and me bringing the weight of my warm mind to bear. 4.
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After printing, albumen thickened colours are exposed to hot steam, which coagulates the albumen and effectually fixes the colours.
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Paris, 1752. The albumen from egg white was used as a binding agent in early photography; such prints were called albumen prints.
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Louis Désiré Blanquart-Evrard in 1869, albumen print, by himself The Hypaethral Temple, Philae, by Francis Frith, 1857; medium: albumen print, original size 38.2×49.0 cm; from the collection of the National Galleries of Scotland John Moran's albumen print of Limon Bay, High Tide., 1871, albumen silver print, original size 7 15/16 × 10 5/8 in. (20.2 × 27 cm), J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, California Camille Silvy's albumen print of Viscountess Amberley, original size 3 3/8 in. × 2 1/8 in.
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Lai Fong. “A Mandarin’s Wife.” 1870s. Albumen silver print.
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Chrome yellow, the ochres, vermilion and ultramarine are such pigments. Albumen is always dissolved in the cold, a process that takes several days when large quantities are required. Egg albumen is expensive and only used for the lightest shades. Blood albumen solution is used in cases when very dark colours are required to be absolutely fast to washing.
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Lai Fong. “Portrait of an Official.” 1870s. Albumen silver print.
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He opened the first albumen print processing shop in Batavia.
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He contact-printed his negatives onto pre-sensitized, commercially available printing-out papers; albumen paper, gelatin-silver printing-out paper, or two types of matte albumen paper that he used mainly after WW1. The negative was clamped into a printing frame under glass and against a sheet of albumen photographic printing out paper,Reilly, J.M. 1980. The Albumen and Salted Paper Book: the History and Practice of Photographic Printing 1840-1895. Rochester: Light Impressions NY. which was left out in the sun to expose.
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Albumin is pronounced ; formed from Latin: albumen "(egg) white; dried egg white".
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Albumen is a mixture of proteins found in egg whites, and is utilized for its capacity to create foams. In a commercialized setting, dried albumen is used as opposed to fresh egg whites. In addition to convenience, the advantages of using dried albumen are an increase in food safety, and the reduction of water content in the marshmallow. Fresh egg whites carry a higher risk of Salmonella, and are approximately 90 percent water.
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Temple of Baalshamin, Louis Vignes, 1864. Albumen print. 8.8 x 11.4 in. (22.5 x 29 cm).
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Little or no endosperm is present. Cotyledons are fleshy. Seeds are solitary with no albumen around the embryo.
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Albumen is the first studio album by British electronic funk band The Egg and was released in 1996.
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William Saunders. Qing Dynasty Official. c. 1865. Hand-coloured albumen silver print. Source: the Stephan Loewentheil Collection Advertisement for “Mr.
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William Haig Brown, 1861 albumen print William Haig Brown (1823–1907) was an English cleric and reforming headmaster of Charterhouse School.
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Three nidamental glands can be distinguished: the albumen, membrane and mucous gland from proximal to distal, respectively. The tube-like albumen gland is characterized by cells containing dark blue stained vesicles and long cilia. The membrane gland is tube-like with long cilia as well. In the proximal part, vesicles are stained purple, in the distal part, lilac.
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Navajo family with loom. Near Old Fort Defiance, New Mexico. Albumen print photograph, 1873. Traditional Navajo weaving used upright looms with no moving parts.
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Gionmachi, Kioto, by Adolfo Farsari, c. 1886. Hand-coloured albumen print. Boys' Festival from the Bluff, Yokohama, by Louis-Jules Dumoulin, 1888. Oil on canvas.
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Egg albumen are the whites of a raw chicken egg. It is most commonly used in the clarification of red wines to remove excess tannins.
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In Handbook of Food Proteins (eds. G. O. Philips and P. A. Williams), pp 335–352. Woodhead Publishing Ltd In most Quorn products, the fungus culture is dried and mixed with egg albumen, which acts as a binder, and then is adjusted in texture and pressed into various forms. A vegan formulation also exists that uses potato protein as a binder instead of egg albumen.
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While in Paris Dagron became familiar with the collodion wet plate and collodio-albumen dry plate processes which he would later adapt to his microfilm techniques.
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Coote Synge-Hutchinson by unknown photographer, Albumen print, early 1860s. Lieutenant-General Coote Synge-Hutchinson (7 August 1832 – 13 February 1902) was a British Army officer.
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The Terrace, Central Park, NY, Albumen print, September 10, 1862. French-born Victor Prevost (; 1820–1881) is one of the earliest photographers to work in New York City.
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Within the partner snail, after fertilization from the foreign sperm, the eggs pass into the albumen gland where they are coated in mucus which forms the egg capsule.
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By 1891 A. Farsari & Co. had 32 employees, 19 of whom were hand-colouring artists.Dobson, 23. gekkin, c. 1886. Hand-coloured albumen print on a decorated album page.
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View of boats. Albumen silver print, nineteenth century. Ueno Hikoma's family background perhaps provided an early impetus for his eventual career. A number of family members had been portrait painters.
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After software conversion to a monochrome image, one or more hues can replace the gray tones to emulate duotones, sepia, selenium or gold toned images or cyanotype, calotype or albumen prints.
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View of Mount Fuji. Hand-coloured albumen silver print, 19th century. was the older Japanese photographer of that name. Suzuki was born as the third son of a family named TakahashiWritten .
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The crystoleum, from "crystal" + "oleum" (oil), process was a method of applying colour to an albumen print, popular from .Ritzenthaler. (2006). p. 39. An albumen print was pasted face down to the inside of a concave piece of glass. Once the adhesive (usually starch paste or gelatin) was dry, the paper backing of the print was rubbed away, leaving only the transparent emulsion on the glass. The image was then coloured by hand, using oil paints.
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He produced suitable artificial "prey" for his experiments by stirring albumen (egg white) into hot water and selecting shreds of an appropriate length and thickness. When caught by one end, the strand would gradually be drawn in, sometimes in sudden jumps, and at other times by a slow and continuous motion. Strands of albumen would often be fully ingested in as little as twenty minutes. Mosquito larvae, caught by the tail, would be engulfed bit by bit.
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Albumen silver print. During most of 1858 Woodbury & Page photographed in Central and East Java, producing large views of the ruined temples near Surakarta, amongst other subjects, before 1 September of that year.
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Initially, practitioners were satisfied if they could capture something of the shapes of waves. An albumen seaside view at Boulogne-sur-Mer by Edmond Bacot was a very early example, supposedly made in May 1850. The experimental albumen glass negative showed many waves as an undefined white area in a picture with a relatively high contrast. John Dillwyn Llewelyn exhibited several early instantaneous pictures of the seaside, in London in 1854 and at the Exposition Universelle in Paris in 1855.
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The Collodion-Albumen process is one of the early dry plate processes, invented by Joseph Sidebotham in 1861. The process lacked economical success because the plate was much less sensitive (about 1/4) and tended to have harder contrasts than wet plates. While the first was acknowledged by Sidebotham, the latter were disputed by him indicating the fact that the 1860 gold medal for the best landscape photography was made with a Collodion- Albumen plate (Recreative Science, 1861 P 43).
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Getty Search Gateway search for Aguado, Olympe. Accessed: 21 February 2012. He initially preferred collodion on glass for portraits, but later switched to albumen prints. No known examples of Aguado's enlargement experiments have survived.
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Albumen silver photograph taken by Captain Samuel Sweet at the lake in the Adelaide Botanic Gardens On 4 January 1886 Sweet died suddenly due to sunstroke at "Halldale", home of the Hall family, near Riverton, South Australia.
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The Haugh unit is a measure of egg protein quality based on the height of its egg white (albumen). The test was introduced by Raymond Haugh in 1937 and is an important industry measure of egg quality next to other measures such as shell thickness and strength. An egg is weighed, then broken onto a flat surface (breakout method), and a micrometer used to determine the height of the thick albumen (egg white) that immediately surrounds the yolk. The height, correlated with the weight, determines the Haugh unit, or HU, rating.
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Bird used his position as head of the department of electricity and galvanism to further his research efforts and to aid him in teaching his students. He was interested in electrolysis and repeated the experiments of Antoine César Becquerel, Edmund Davy and others to extract metals in this way. He was particularly interested in the possibility of detecting low levels of heavy metal poisons with this technique, pioneered by Davy.Coley, p. 367 Bird also studied the properties of albumen under electrolysis, finding that the albumen coagulated at the anode because hydrochloric acid was produced there.
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Starch always leaves the printed cloth somewhat harsh in feeling (unless modified carboxymethylated starches are used), but very dark colours can be obtained. Gum Senegal, gum arabic or modified guar gum thickening yield clearer and more even tints than does starch, suitable for lighter colours but less suited for very dark colours. (The gums apparently prevent the colours from combining fully with the fibers.) A printing stock solution is mostly a combination of modified starch and gum stock solutions. ;Albumen Albumen is both a thickening and a fixing agent for insoluble pigments.
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A 6-5/8" x 9-1/2" albumen print photograph of "Geronimo and his warriors", taken in 1886, sold at auction on April 14, 2014 for $1,375. C. S. Fly appears in Elmore Leonard's western novel Gunsights (1979).
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The male organ (penis) is a short tube, and exhibits little difference from the vas deferens, except that it is slightly wider; the latter is a short tube not sharply marked off from the verge. The albumen gland is large.
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Liquid, dry and shell eggs were processed at the 8,000 Sq ft hatchery facility warehouse with yolk and albumen available in individually. The farm finally closed in 1996. In early December 2006, a wildfire destroyed the dilapidated remains of Egg City.
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Albumen made from the protein component of blood has been used in the plywood industry. Masonite, a wood hardboard, was originally bonded using natural wood lignin, an organic polymer, though most modern particle boards such as MDF use synthetic thermosetting resins.
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Because the image emerges as a direct result of exposure to light, without the aid of a developing solution, an albumen print may be said to be a printed rather than a developed photograph. The table salt (sodium chloride) in the albumen emulsion forms silver chloride when in contact with silver nitrate. Silver chloride is unstable when exposed to light, which makes it decompose into silver and chlorine. The silver ion (Ag+) is reduced to silver (Ag) by addition of an electron during the development/printing process, and the remaining silver chloride is washed out during fixing.
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The Haven Canal, Batavia, c. 1870. Albumen silver print. Walter Bentley Woodbury (26 June 1834 – 5 September 1885) was an inventor and pioneering English photographer. He was one of the earliest photographers in Australia and the Dutch East Indies (now part of Indonesia).
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Liang Shitai, Li Hongzhang, c. 1870. Albumen print. Source: The Stephan Loewentheil Collection.Liang Shitai 梁时泰 – also known as Liang Seetay – was a Cantonese studio photographer active in the late 19th century Qing dynasty who specialized in portraits of high-ranking officials.
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His descendants still live in Taormina and keep part of his collection. Some 800 remnants of von Gloeden's work, that belonged to Il Moro, including 800 glass negatives and 200 albumen prints, were moved to the archive of Lucio Amelio in Naples.
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Society of Photographic Scientists and Engineers, 1973 View from the top of Lookout Mountain, Tennessee, Albumen prints, February, 1864, by George N. Barnard Panorama of Sydney from Lavender Bay, 1875, by Bernard Otto Holtermann and Charles Bayliss Center City Philadelphia panorama, from 1913.
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Bertram Wodehouse Currie. Albumen print by Camille Silvy, 1861. National Portrait Gallery, London. Memorial in Sacred Heart Church, Wimbledon Bertram Raikes Wodehouse Currie (25 November 1827 – 29 December 1896) was a British banker, and High Sheriff of the County of London from 1892 to 1893.
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These images were taken in 1875 by Charles Bayliss and formed the "Shore Tower" panorama of Sydney Harbour. Albumen contact prints made from these negatives are in the holdings of the Holtermann Collection, the negatives are listed among the current holdings of the Collection.
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Lacquered album cover by A. Farsari & Co., c. 1890. Following the innovations of Felice Beato and Baron Raimund von Stillfried, Farsari further developed the trade in photograph albums. His studio generally produced sepia monochrome albumen prints that were hand-coloured and mounted on album leaves.
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This main ingredient is often mixed with fillers such as wheat, and egg white (albumen) or other binding ingredient, such as the enzyme transglutaminase. Crab flavoring is added (natural or more commonly, artificial) and a layer of red food coloring is applied to the outside.
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On a return trip to Shanghai, he became unwell during the passage; his health continued to deteriorate upon arrival, and Saunders died in December 1892 of bronchitis at the age of sixty. William Saunders. Portrait of a Woman from Guangzhou. c. 1865. Albumen silver print.
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This is undesirable for the shelf life and firmness of the product. For artisan-type marshmallows, prepared by a candy maker, fresh egg whites are usually used. Albumen is rarely used on its own when incorporated into modern marshmallows, and instead is used in conjunction with gelatin.
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George Peter Alexander Healy in his Paris studio, c. 1884-1894, albumen print by Edmond Bénard, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, Department of Image Collections. Healy was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He was the eldest of five children of an Irish captain in the merchant marine.
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The memorial. Albumen silver print by Samuel Bourne, 1860. The location was originally called Memorial Well after the memorial was raised to commemorate the dead. The memorial had a large railing, a marble gothic screen with "mournful seraph" and a cross at the site of the well.
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Examples of common animal products used as fining agents are gelatin, isinglass, casein and egg albumen. Bull's blood was also used in some Mediterranean countries but (as a legacy of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease)) is not allowed in the U.S. or the European Union.
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Albumen photograph of a group of tents that were a part of Camp Letterman General Hospital, Gettysburg, PA. – Tyson Bros., August 1863. Isaac Griffith (1833–1913) and Charles John (1838–1906) Tyson."Early Photography at Gettysburg", William A. Frassanito, 1995, photos of Isaac & Charles Tyson, pg.
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Overpainted albumen print of gold diggers and Aborigines near Rockhampton c. 1860s Gold was found in Queensland near Warwick as early as 1851,"Colonial News, Moreton Bay", The Moreton Bay Courier (Brisbane, Qld. : 1846 – 1861), 22 November 1851, p. 3 beginning small-scale alluvial gold mining in that state.
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Bellew married Isabel, sister of General Sir George MacGregor; they had two daughters and one son, Robert Walter Dillon, a captain in the 16th Lancers. A collection of about 112 albumen photographs made by Bellew were presented to the British Library in 1948 by his daughter Ida C. Turnbull.
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A stereoscopic albumen silver print of the building was taken by Eadweard J. Muybridge in 1869. Bosqui helped organize the San Francisco Art Association in 1871. His home burned down in 1897 and many of his paintings were destroyed in the fire. His printing business also later burned.
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Three yūjo (courtesans) posing on an engawa, 1885. Hand-coloured albumen silver print. Adolfo Farsari (; 11 February 1841 - 7 February 1898) was an Italian photographer based in Yokohama, Japan. His studio, the last notable foreign-owned studio in Japan, was one of the country's largest and most prolific commercial photographic firms.
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Mrs. Conant of Banner of Light. Her Brother, Charles H. Crowell. The ghostly image of the medium's brother appears behind her in this Albumen print carte de visite. The Banner of Light began as a general literary magazine with some mentions of spiritualism and a page titled The Messenger covering Mrs.
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Albumen print photograph, 1873. Today, the site of Fort Defiance is populated by buildings dating from the 1930s to the present day used by various governmental agencies including the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Indian Health Service, and the Navajo Nation. The largest of these buildings was the Fort Defiance Indian Hospital until 2002.
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The Minnesota Historical Society and the Library of Congress have collections of albumen prints of his work. A carte de visite of his photo of Wa-kan-o-zhan- zhan (Medicine Bottle), one of the leaders of the Dakota War of 1862, is in the collection of the National Portrait Gallery in London.
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Animal-based fining agents include gelatin, isinglass, egg whites (albumen), and casein. Different agents will be used based on the desired outcome of the wine and the winemaker's preference. Because the fining agent is filtered back out of the wine, the labeling of these additives are not required or regulated in most places.
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Wombat Hill, Daylesford, 1855, by B.C.Boake, albumen silver stereograph Barcroft was born in Dublin, Ireland on 12 November 1838. Boake migrated after seeking advice from his cousin, a Rev. at Holy Trinity Church, Balaclava, Victoria. He moved to Melbourne, Victoria in the 1850s, and then moved on to live in Sydney in 1858.
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The 1874 edition of Tennyson's Idylls of the King contained twelve Cameron images that had been specially created, but reproduced as wood engravings. Cameron sought her own publisher, creating a new version of Idylls of the King, containing her original photographs as albumen prints, which came out in December of the same year.
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Snake charmers photographed by Tancrède Dumas in Tangier, Morocco. Tancrède Dumas (1830-1905) was a photographer born in Italy who was active in the Near East. He learned photography in Florence and opened a studio in Beirut in 1860. He was active during the period 1860-1890 and worked in albumen prints.
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However, the polar section is attracted to the water and has little or no affinity for the air. Therefore, the molecule orients with the polar section in the water, with the non-polar section in the air. Two primary proteins that are commonly used as aerators in marshmallows are albumen (egg whites) and gelatin.
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There are several compounds unstable to light in this mixture, mainly silver iodine and silver bromide. These decompose and leave silver that is oxidized by the developer (Pyrogallic Developing Solution). The excess of silver iodine and silver bromide are stabilized by the fixing bath. The albumen mixture just encloses the Collodion in a dry environment.
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William Saunders, Hand Carriage, c. 1865. Hand-coloured albumen silver print. Source: the Stephan Loewentheil Collection William Thomas Saunders (1832–1892) was a British-born photographer who settled in China and became the leading photographer in Shanghai during the late Qing dynasty. He was the first photographer known to produce hand-coloured photographs in China.
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Photographs of the 19th century often now show the limitations of the technology used, yet Beato managed to successfully work within and even transcend those limitations. He predominantly produced albumen silver prints from wet collodion glass-plate negatives.Lacoste, pp. 24–25. Beato pioneered and refined the techniques of hand-colouring photographs and making panoramas.
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In October 1855, Mayall filed a patent for his "Artificial Ivory for receiving photographic pictures." (British Patent No 2381) A mixture of powdered bone or ivory and albumen was worked into a paste and combined with gelatine. The 'artificial ivory' mixture was rolled out in thin slabs and specially prepared to receive photographic images.
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Entrance to the Ransom R. Cable House, albumen print, ca. 1895-1896 The Cable House is a Richardsonian Romanesque-style house near Michigan Avenue at 25 E. Erie St. in Chicago, Illinois, United States. The house was built in 1886 by Cobb and Frost for socialite Ransom R. Cable. It was designated a Chicago Landmark on October 2, 1991.
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She practiced mainly with gelatin silver prints. This type of photography was dominant from the 1850s–1880s, which had to be exposed and developed immediately after coating. Albumen prints were the main ones over the period mentioned where the binder was egg white. Alice Mills worked from 1900 to 1929 when egg white was superseded by gelatin.
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During the development of the egg the last 5–7 days are of particular importance, a period in which the yolk reaches its maximum development, the albumen and the shell are completed and the egg is deposited.Jones, JE, J. Solis, BL Hughes, DJ Castadldo, and JE Toler. 1990. Reproduction responses of broiler-breeders to anticoccidial agents.
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Walter Gay in his Paris studio, c. 1884-1894, albumen print by Edmond Bénard, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, Department of Image Collections. He married heiress, Matilda E. Travers, the daughter of William R. Travers, a prominent New York City investor and co-founder of Saratoga Race Course. His wife's fortune allowed the couple to live very comfortably.
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Hollyer became interested in photography about 1860. He made albumen and carbon prints, but his preferred medium was the platinotype or platinum print process,Roberts, Art History Through the Camera's Lens, p. 324. admired for its permanence and great tonal range. Under the patronage of Frederic Leighton, Hollyer began to photograph paintings and drawings in the 1870s.
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Secundra Bagh, several months after its storming during the second relief. Albumen silver print by Felice Beato. Elements of the Scottish 93rd Highlanders and 4th Punjab Infantry Regiment rushed forward. Finding the breach too small to accommodate the mass of troops, the Punjab Infantry moved to the left and overran the defences at the main garden gateway.
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Paraguayan corpses after the Battle of Boquerón (1866), July 1866 (Bate & Co. W., albumen print, 11 x 18 cm, 1866; Museo Mitre, Buenos Aires). Paraguay suffered massive casualties, and the war's disruption and disease also cost civilian lives. Some historians estimate that the nation lost the majority of its population. The specific numbers are hotly disputed and range widely.
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Charles Merivale by Samuel E. Poulton, albumen carte-de-visite, 1860s-1870s The Very Reverend Charles Merivale (8 March 1808 - 27 December 1893) was an English historian and churchman, for many years dean of Ely Cathedral. He was one of the main instigators of the inaugural Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race which took place at Henley in 1829.
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Albumen carte de visite, late 1860s Other works were The Buccaneer, Can Wrong Be Right?As Mrs. S. C. Hall, monthly installments in St James's Magazine, April 1861 – March 1862, and in two volumes, London, 1862. and many sketches in the Art Journal, of which her husband Samuel Carter Hall was editor, and Sharpe's London Magazine.
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Part of the work involved collecting the albumen of eggs of wild birds, which Sibley later used in his work on the classification of passerines. Melvin Traylor described and named a subspecies Calandrella conirostris makawai after Makawa in 1962. Other subspecies named after him include Malaconotus olivaceus makawa from Malawi. Coracopsis rasa makawa from the Comoros.
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In addition to his landscapes and portraits, Yokoyama is noted for his self-portraits, and his works include paintings, large format albumen prints (monochrome and hand-coloured), and shashin abura-e. He produced studio souvenir albums, some of which have survived to this day. A biography of Yokoyama was written in 1887.Yokoe, 'Part 3-3.
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Proteins were recognized as a distinct class of biological molecules in the eighteenth century by Antoine Fourcroy and others. Members of this class (called the "albuminoids", Eiweisskörper, or matières albuminoides) were recognized by their ability to coagulate or flocculate under various treatments such as heat or acid; well-known examples at the start of the nineteenth century included albumen from egg whites, blood serum albumin, fibrin, and wheat gluten. The similarity between the cooking of egg whites and the curdling of milk was recognized even in ancient times; for example, the name albumen for the egg- white protein was coined by Pliny the Elder from the Latin albus ovi (egg white). With the advice of Jöns Jakob Berzelius, the Dutch chemist Gerhardus Johannes Mulder carried out elemental analyses of common animal and plant proteins.
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Marstonia comalensis has a closely similar shell and penis to some of its congeners, but can be differentiated from them in these ways: It can be distinguished from Marstonia gaddisorum by its less convex shell whorls, distinctive pallial roof pigmentation, larger number of cusps on the inner side of the lateral teeth and on the outer marginal teeth, larger penial lobe, narrower terminal gland, and smaller overlap of the bursa copulatrix by the albumen gland. If differs from Marstonia lustrica by its smaller prostate gland, smaller penial lobe, narrower penial filament, straight anterior vas deferens, partly imbedded (in albumen gland) bursal duct, and larger seminal receptacle. It differs from Marstonia ogmorhaphe by its smaller size, broader shell, smaller prostate gland, straight anterior vas deferens, and smaller bursa copulatrix.
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Gelatin is the aerator most often used in the production of marshmallows. It is made up of collagen, a structural protein derived from animal skin, connective tissue, and bones. Not only can it stabilize foams, like albumen, but when combined with water it forms a thermally-reversible gel. This means that gelatin can melt, then reset due to its sensitivity to temperature.
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Napoleon III, ca. 1869, carte de visite albumen print Through the 1860s, the health of the Emperor steadily worsened. It had been damaged by his six years in prison at Ham; he had chronic pains in his legs and feet, particularly when it was cold, and as a result, he always lived and worked in overheated rooms and offices. He smoked heavily.
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Perched Rock, Rocker Creek, Arizona. 1872 photo by Bell, published by the Wheeler Survey. His career spanning six decades, Bell worked in nearly every major early photographic process, including daguerreotype, collodion processes, albumen prints, stereo cards, and early film. He was considered a pioneer of the dry plate and lantern slide processes, and experimented with night photography, using magnesium wire for lighting.
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The Beech Tree (circa 1856) In October 1999, Sotheby's sold a Le Gray albumen print "Beech Tree, Fontainebleau" for £419,500, which was a world record for the most expensive single photograph ever sold at auction, to an anonymous buyer.Melikian, Souren. Early photos appeal to modern buyers: shedding light on the lost past. International Herald Tribune, November 6, 1999. Retrieved September 14, 2008.
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Samuel Hood, 2nd Baron Bridport, albumen print carte de visite by Camille Silvy, from the album of his friend Col. Thomas-Chaloner Bisse-Challoner. Arms of Hood, Baron Bridport (1794), Viscount Bridport (1868): Azure, a fret argent on a chief or three crescents sable.Montague-Smith, P.W. (ed.), Debrett's Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage and Companionage, Kelly's Directories Ltd, Kingston-upon-Thames, 1968 , pp.
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Hand- coloured albumen silver print. Attribution is often difficult with Farsari's photographs because 19th-century photographers frequently acquired each others' images and sold them under their own names. This may be due to the commonplace exchange of stock and negatives between various commercial photographers, or due to the number of freelance amateurs who sold their work to more than one studio.
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Leatherback sea turtles are known to lay large clutches of viable eggs interspersed with yolkless eggs. This may be due to too much albumen, or it may function to separate viable eggs from each other and thereby improve gas exchange. The fossilized egg classified parataxonomically as Parvoblongoolithus may represent an instance of a yolkless egg in an unknown species of dinosaur.
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"White" is the common name for the clear liquid (also called the albumen or the glair/glaire) contained within an egg. Colorless and transparent initially, upon cooking it turns white and opaque. In chickens, it is formed from the layers of secretions of the anterior section of the hen oviduct during the passage of the egg.Ornithology, Volume 1994 By Frank B. Gill p.
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The yolk in a newly laid egg is round and firm. As the yolk ages, it absorbs water from the albumen, which increases its size and causes it to stretch and weaken the vitelline membrane (the clear casing enclosing the yolk). The resulting effect is a flattened and enlarged yolk shape. Yolk color is dependent on the diet of the hen.
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Chemical Zoology vol VII Mollusca. Academic Press, New York. pp. 219-244 This polysaccharide is exclusive of the reproduction and is only found in the albumen gland from the female snail reproductive system and in the perivitelline fluid of eggs. Galactogen serves as an energy reserve for developing embryos and hatchlings, which is later replaced by glycogen in juveniles and adults.
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In 1921 he judged the first annual photographic exhibition organised by the Soho Hill Men's Movement Camera Club. A collection of his work including over 200 albumen prints mainly of architectural and archaeological studies of buildings and sites in and around Birmingham c1870-1880 and 500 half-plate glass negatives of architectural and historical subjects is held in the Library of Birmingham.
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Barnard is best known for American Civil War era photos. He was the official army photographer for the Military Division of the Mississippi, which mostly involved photographing and documenting fortifications, bridges, and documents. His 1866 book, Photographic Views of Sherman's Campaign, showed the devastation of the war. The book includes 61 albumen prints in Nashville, the Chattanooga Valley, Atlanta, and Savannah.
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Hamilton misinterpreted her and mistakenly believed that she was referring to the form of protective gear. Hamilton then thought excitedly that Helmet had "sounded like a pretty cool name for a band" and opted for the Anglicized spelling. Other names taken in consideration were "Cry Ruth" and "Poly Orchids", along with the more esoteric and obscure "Tuna Lorenzo" and "Froth Albumen".
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Whipple was as prolific as an inventor as a photographer. He invented crayon daguerreotypes and crystallotypes (daguerreotypes on glass). With his partner or assistant, William Breed Jones, he developed the process for making paper prints from glass albumen negatives (crystallotypes). His American patents include Patent Number 6,056, the "Crayon Daguerreotype"; Patent Number 7,458, the "Crystallotype" (Credit shared with William B. Jones).
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The Ancient deftly opens the shell using a pair of saws and reveals a pretty girl, looking fresh and rosy, but with strands of spare albumen clinging to her body. She looks seventeen years old. The other children bathe her, despite her shrieks and protestations. Her fury turns to delight with the beauty of her tunic when they dress her.
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Most pictures were taken as a glass negative and printed out as an albumen print. Often a logo with Sevruguin's name was printed on one side of the picture. Many 19th century tourists misspelled his name, finding it difficult to spell it in Western languages: Sevraguine, Sevrugin, Sevriogin, Segruvian, and Serunian for example. His name was phonetically spelled Sevr- joe-gien.
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All clitellata are hermaphrodites. During copulation, the clitellum produces a mucus that holds worms in place whilst they mate. During reproduction, the clitellum secretes a yolk (albumen) and a proteinaceous sheath which hardens. The worm then creeps out backward from the coat and deposits either fertilized zygotes or both ovae and sperm into the coat, which is then packed into a cocoon.
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Roundhouse in Atlanta, following extensive damage from the Atlanta Campaign. Digitally restored albumen print, 1866. Sherman was victorious, and Hood established a reputation as the most recklessly aggressive general in the Confederate Army. Casualties for the campaign were roughly equal in absolute numbers: 31,687 Union (4,423 killed, 22,822 wounded, 4,442 missing/captured) and 34,979 Confederate (3,044 killed, 18,952 wounded, 12,983 missing/captured).
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Madrid, Plaza de toros (1874) Zaragoza, Torre Nueva (c. 1875). This tower was demolished in 1892–1893. It was a clock tower, built of brick in the Mudéjar style in the early sixteenth century A Walk in Andalusia (tapestry after cartoon by Francisco de Goya). Albumen photograph by Juan Laurent, 1875–1879, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, Department of Image Collections.
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The castle was inherited by Florence (née Tenison) wife of the Henry King-Tenison, 8th Earl of Kingston whose husband assumed the additional name of Tenison. The Tenisons were early photographers. In particular Edward King-Tenison travelled in Spain in the 1850s, where he took pictures of its castles and scenery.National Photographic Library E.K. Tenison took photographs of Kilronan Castle in 1859 which were printed with albumen.
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Eggs are released immediately before oviposition. Unlike in land gastropod species where fertilization occurs in fertilization pockets, fertilization in freshwater species happens at the lower end of the hermaphroditic duct, near the junction. Sperm is deposited into the bursa copulatrix which opens up into the vagina. The ova then enter the albumen gland to get a nutrient dense mucus coating which serves to form the egg capsule.
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1850s Albumen print by Roger Fenton The monastery was founded at Embsay in 1120. Led by a prior, Bolton Abbey was technically a priory, despite its name. It was founded in 1154 by the Augustinian order, on the banks of the River Wharfe. The land at Bolton, as well as other resources, were given to the order by Lady Alice de Romille of Skipton Castle in 1154.
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One of her works (from the so-called Filmer Album) depicts a drawing room, painted in watercolour, in which she has added photographic cut-outs from albumen silver prints. She positions herself next to a large figure of the Prince of Wales, with whom she was known to flirt.Claudine Isé, "Review: Playing with Pictures/Art Institute of Chicago", Newcity Art. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
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The contents of a chicken egg with chalaza clearly visible. In the eggs of most birds (not of the reptiles), the chalazae are two spiral bands of tissue that suspend the yolk in the center of the white (the albumen). The function of the chalazae is to hold the yolk in place. In baking, the chalazae are sometimes removed in order to ensure a uniform texture.
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Dai Butsu, Kōtoku-in, Kamakura, Japan, between 1885 and 1890. Hand-coloured albumen silver print. In its time, the work of A. Farsari & Co. was highly regarded and popular. Besides Kipling's endorsement, photographer and prolific photography writer W. K. Burton published an appraisal in an 1887 article: "I have seen no better work in the way of coloured photographs anywhere than some of Farsari's productions".
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In 1874, he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate member, and became a full member in 1881. Frederic Arthur Bridgman in his Paris studio, c.1885, albumen print by Edmond Bénard, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, Department of Image Collections. Bridgman made his first trip to North Africa between 1872 and 1874, dividing his time between Algeria and Egypt.
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Hong Cheong (also Hung Chiong and Hung Chong) was a Chinese photographer who operated a photographic studio in Yokohama, Japan between 1875 and 1885. In addition to his photographic work he was an artist, chart copier, portrait painter, and dealer in picture frames. Cheong left Japan in 1885 and opened a studio in Hong Kong. His photographic works included large format hand- coloured albumen prints.
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As the fertilised egg passes down the uterus, albumen and yolk are added and it is placed in a rectangular collagenous egg case known as a mermaid's purse. This is pale brown, flat on one side and rounded on the other, with tendrils at the corners. The developing embryo feeds on the yolk, and some months later emerges as a fully formed juvenile fish about long.
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A hikyaku (courier or postman), Japan, hand-coloured albumen print by Felice Beato, between 1863 and 1877 bike courier pursued by Cossacks (1904). On foot, military couriers are known as runners. In ancient history, messages were hand-delivered using a variety of methods, including runners, homing pigeons and riders on horseback. Before the introduction of mechanized courier services, foot messengers physically ran miles to their destinations.
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Tennyson was May Prinsep's second husband; her first husband was Andrew Hichens. The National Portrait Gallery has eight photographs of May Prinsep, taken by her relation Julia Margaret Cameron on the Isle of Wight.'Christabel,' Mary Emily 'May' Prinsep, Julia Margaret Cameron, albumen print on gold-edged cabinet, 1866, Photographs Collection, National Portrait Gallery, npg.org.uk Tennyson bequeathed many of his father's notebooks to Trinity College in 1924.
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Fort Macquarie and the North Shore, Sydney, ca. 1885, (attrib.) Joseph Bischoff, from vintage albumen print The original name of Bennelong Point, the finger of land on which Fort Macquarie was built, was Inbughalee (djubuguli), Farm Cove was Yoolaugh and Sydney Cove was Warane.Creative Spirits, accessed July 17, 2020. On 25 November 1789 an Aboriginal man named Bennelong was captured and brought to Governor Phillip.
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No. 47 in Sketches of Chinese Life and Character series, Shanghai, 1860s-1870s. Original hand-tinted albumen silver print. Photograph by William Saunders – The Stephan Loewentheil Historical Photography of China Collection. Loewentheil owns the Stephan Loewentheil Historical Photography of China Collection is an invaluable window into nineteenth century Qing Dynasty China, before the upheavals of modernity would change the country and its people irrevocably.
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Graystone Bird (1862–1943), albumen print/NPG x13111. Lady Strachey and daughters, ca. 1893 (Dorothy is 2nd from left) Dorothy Bussy was a member of the Strachey family, one of ten children of Jane Strachey and the British Empire soldier and administrator Lt-Gen Sir Richard Strachey. Writer and critic Lytton Strachey and the first English translator of Freud, James Strachey, were her brothers.
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In addition to other nutrients, the human body needs protein to build muscles. In the fitness and medical fields it is generally accepted that protein after exercise helps build the muscles used. Whey protein is one of the most popular protein sources used for athletic performance. Other protein sources include egg albumen protein and casein, which is typically known as the slow digestive component of milk protein.
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Gernsheim p. 55 This made the format an overnight success. The new invention was so popular that its usage became known as "cardomania"Newhall and spread quickly throughout Europe and then to America and the rest of the world. By the early 1870s, cartes de visite were supplanted by "cabinet cards", which were also usually albumen prints, but larger, mounted on cardboard backs measuring by .
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For a number of years he was in general practice in the Lake District. An albumen print by Newcombe taken in 1901 In 1884, Newcombe emigrated to the United States, establishing a general practice in Hood River, Oregon. He moved in 1885 with his family to Victoria, British Columbia. In 1889, he moved back to Victoria and worked at the "Insane Asylum" in New Westminster.
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The book is illustrated with 15 tipped-in albumen prints by Burns and 8 woodcuts by Charles Paton after drawings in Daniel Wilson's Memorials of Edinburgh in the Olden Time (2 vols., 1st ed., 1847), some of which date from the 1830s. The Edinburgh Improvement Trust appointed Burns to record the recently cleared and derelict buildings between the Cowgate and Chambers Street in 1871.
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A raw egg yolk surrounded by the egg white Egg white is the clear liquid (also called the albumen or the glair/glaire) contained within an egg. In chickens it is formed from the layers of secretions of the anterior section of the hen's oviduct during the passage of the egg.Ornithology, Volume 1994 By Frank B. Gill p. 361 It forms around fertilized or unfertilized egg yolks.
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Helmet with Gorget of Philip III, Made in Pamplona. Albumen photograph by Juan Laurent, 1863–1868, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, Department of Image Collections. He could boast of the title "Fotógrafo de Su Majestad la Reina" (The Queen's Photographer) from 1861 to 1868. That same year, he opened a store in Paris, devoted exclusively to selling his photographs of Spain and Portugal.
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Country Children. Hand- coloured albumen silver print, by Kusakabe Kimbei Because of Kaikoku, many foreign people came to Japan. Further, after Meiji Ishin (Meiji Government was established in 1868), many Japanese were able to travel within Japan without breaking laws and began to travel within Japan. Yokohama was a suitable place to visit both for foreign people and Japanese people, and Yokohama-shashin attracted such travellers very much.
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At the same auction, an albumen print of "The Great Wave, Sète" by Le Gray was sold for a new world record price of £507,500 or $840,370 to "the same anonymous buyer" who was later revealed to be Sheik Saud Al-Thani of Qatar. The record stood until May 2003 when Al-Thani purchased a daguerreotype by Joseph-Philibert Girault de Prangey for £565,250 or $922,488.Pinsent, Richard.
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Photographs taken by Dillwyn have been preserved in albums acquired by the National Library of Wales. An album containing 42 salt prints and one albumen print, measuring 11.1 × 8.8 cm, was bought by the library in 2002. It contains views of the Dillwyn Llewelyn home at Penllergare, portraits of family and friends and studies of flowers and birds."Photograph album by Mary Dillwyn", National Library of Wales. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
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The importance of legumes in ancient Greek diet and medical practice is often disregarded. However, legumes improved the quality of the soil and were considered very important to the agriculturalists of the time. Additionally, legumes contain a high amount of albumen, which led them to be a critical dietary supplement in countries where meat was in short supply and difficult to store. Such was the case with Greece.
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In avian eggs, the yolk usually is a hue of yellow in color. It is spherical and is suspended in the egg white (known alternatively as albumen or glair/glaire) by one or two spiral bands of tissue called the chalazae. The yolk mass, together with the ovum proper (after fertilization, the embryo) are enclosed by the vitelline membrane, whose structure is different from a cell membrane.Bellairs, Ruth; Osmond, Mark (2005).
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This is a list of egg dishes. Eggs are laid by females of many different species, including birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish, and have been eaten by mankind for thousands of years.Kenneth F. Kiple, A Movable Feast: Ten Millennia of Food Globalization (2007), p. 22. Bird and reptile eggs consist of albumen (egg white) and vitellus (egg yolk), contained within various thin membranes all surrounded by a protective eggshell.
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The white contains exterior albumen which sets at the highest temperature. In practice, in many cooking processes the white gels first because it is exposed to higher temperatures for longer. Salmonella is killed instantly at , but also is killed from , if held at that temperature for sufficiently long time periods. To avoid the issue of salmonella, eggs may be pasteurized in-shell at for an hour and 15 minutes.
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Amniotic embryo. a=embryo, b=yolk, c=allantois, d=amnion, e=chorion In reptiles, birds, and monotremes, the chorion is one of the four extraembryonic membranes that make up the amniotic egg that provide for the nutrients and protection needed for the embryo's survival. It is located inside the albumen, which is the white of the egg. It encloses the embryo and the rest of the embryonic system.
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Radulae have 3 or 4 cusps on lateral teeth and 3 cusps on central teeth. Males have a long, dorso- ventrally flattened penis, and correspondingly females have a large pallial oviduct and albumen gland. However, geometric morphometric investigation of P. chathamensis indicates that secondary sexual dimorphism is not prominent for shell shape or size. Shells of Penion vary significantly in shape, size and colouration, making the distinction of species difficult.
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Ueno considered French and American photographic techniques and materials (for example, paper and lenses) to be superior to those of the British, whose products he also complained were overpriced, noting that albumen paper sold (c. 1868) for 100 ryō per box. Eight of Ueno's photographs can be found online from the Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives.Search results for Ueno Hikoma , SIRIS, Smithsonian Institution.
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The Yonkers Military Institute was a United States military academy located in Yonkers, New York. Category:Education in Yonkers, New York From an albumen photograph measuring 15.25" x 12.75" and dating to circa 1862 the class and presumably its instructors and leaders are pictured with the Institute behind. A legend along the bottom identifies the scene as N. W. Starr's Commercial and Collegiate Institute, Yonkers New York. Photographed by Stacy, 691 Broadway.
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Luxor Temple, Luxor, Egypt. Albumen silver print by Antonio Beato, taken between 1860 and 1889 Antonio Beato (1835–1906), also known as Antoine Beato, was an Italian-British photographer. He is noted for his genre works, portraits, views of the architecture and landscapes of Egypt and the other locations in the Mediterranean region. He was the younger brother of photographer Felice Beato (1832–1909), with whom he sometimes worked.
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Variations of this technique were patented in England by Richard Beard in 1842 and in France by Étienne Lecchi in 1842 and Léotard de Leuze in 1845. Later, hand-colouring was used with successive photographic innovations, from albumen and gelatin silver prints to lantern slidesRobinson, D., Herbert, S., Crangle, R., & Magic Lantern Society of Great Britain. (2001). Encyclopaedia of the magic lantern. London: Magic Lantern Society, p. 73-74.
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The seeds are very poisonous, containing erythroidine, a powerful muscle relaxant; erythroresin, an emetic; coralin; and erythric acid. The extract has been suggested as a substitute for curare. An analysis by Rio de la Loza showed the seeds contain 13.35 solid and liquid fat, 0.32 resin soluble in ether, 13.47 resin soluble in alcohol, 1.61 erythrococalloidine, an alkaloid, 5.60 albumen, 0.83 gum, 1.55 sugar, 0.42 organic acid, 15.87 starch, 7.15 moisture and 39.15 inorganic matter.
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Alice Boughton, 1883, albumen print by Sandford Bennett Duryea, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, Department of Image Collections. In the 1880s, Boughton began studying art and photography at the Pratt School of Art and Design. It was there that she met fellow student Gertrude Käsebier, with whom she later studied in Paris. Käsebier also employed her an assistant in her studio, most likely at the same time Boughton was studying at Pratt.
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Johnson became recognized as an authority on cholera and on kidney diseases, and published several works on these subjects. He was one of the first physicians to use the laryngoscope and the ophthalmoscope. He reintroduced the picric acid test for albumen and the picric acid and potash test for sugar. He was a strong supporter of the views of Richard Bright on kidney disease, and discovered hypertrophy of the small arteries in Bright's disease.
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Entrance, Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem. Gelatin silver photograph. Brooklyn Museum Restored albumen print of the Suez Canal at Ismailia, c. 1860 The Hypaethral Temple, Philae, by Francis Frith, 1857; from the collection of the National Galleries of Scotland Four men and a table of food, Egypt Frith was one of the first of a new type of entrepreneurial photographer to establish himself as a retailer of scenic photographs on a large scale.
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The eggs are on average and weigh between . The maternal investment in the egg is considerable, and the proportion of yolk to albumen, at about 50%, is greater than would be predicted for a precocial egg of this size. This probably relates to the long incubation period which means the developing chick must consume greater resources before hatching. The first verified occurrence of genetically identical avian twins was demonstrated in the emu.
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The Academy published his paper, which declared chronic alcoholism to be a serious public health problem and offered a solution in the form of a claimed cure for hangovers. Desbouvrie hypothesized that the consumption of food which contained an appropriate balance of fat and albumen would prevent hangovers from occurring. He sent the Academy a selection of homemade chocolates along with his manuscript, with assurances that he had tested the concoction extensively upon himself.
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Trench with Uruguayan soldiers from the 24 April Battalion at Tuyutí, taken a month after the battle. Albumen print, 1866. The Paraguayans attacked in three columns at 11:55 after a Congreve rocket signaled the attack. Gen Vincente Barrios, with 8,000 infantry and 1,000 cavalry attacked the Allied left, which were Brazilians under the command of Gen. Osorio. Gen. Isidoro Resquín, with 7,000 cavalry and 3,000 infantry attacked the Allied right flank. Col.
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The word "pareve" on a food label may imply the product is suitable for vegetarians or vegans, but this is not always true. Fish and fish products, like fish gelatin, are pareve, but in general not vegetarian and never vegan (but would be consumed by pescetarians). Honey, egg and egg products, like mayonnaise and albumen, are pareve and vegetarian but not vegan. Some processes convert a meat or dairy product into a pareve substance.
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Albumen print (c.1865) thought to be of Greyfriars Bobby The best-known version of the story is that Bobby belonged to John Gray, who worked for the Edinburgh City Police as a nightwatchman. When John Gray died he was buried in Greyfriars Kirkyard, the kirkyard surrounding Greyfriars Kirk in the Old Town of Edinburgh. Bobby then became known locally, spending the rest of his life sitting on his master's grave.greyfriarsbobby.co.uk (11 February 2013).
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323x323px James Abbott McNeill Whistler, Paris, c.1863, albumen print (carte-de-visite) by Etienne Carjat (detail), National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, Department of Image Collections. In 1861, after returning to Paris for a time, Whistler painted his first famous work, Symphony in White, No. 1: The White Girl. The portrait of his mistress and business manager Joanna Hiffernan was created as a simple study in white; however, others saw it differently.
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The cyanotype process, for example, produces an image composed of blue tones. The albumen print process first used more than years ago, produces brownish tones. Many photographers continue to produce some monochrome images, sometimes because of the established archival permanence of well-processed silver-halide-based materials. Some full-color digital images are processed using a variety of techniques to create black- and-white results, and some manufacturers produce digital cameras that exclusively shoot monochrome.
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Seaton Delaval Hall was built in 1721 and was designed by Sir John Vanbrugh, who also designed Blenheim Palace. Dilkusha Kothi is depicted in a rare early albumen print by the photographer Samuel Bourne, dating from 1864–1865.'The harvest of lost time'. Tehelka online newspaper, 20 September 2007 accessed 19 September 2007 The British actress Mary Linley Taylor was impressed by Dilkusha Kothi and named her own home in Seoul after it.
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"The Kitchens of the Imperial Asylum", Metropolitan Museum of Art, March 31, 2011. He used both albumen and salt print, and was known also as a skilled printer of photographs, using a gravure method of his own development. A plan commissioned by Napoleon III to print photographs of sculpture never came to fruition, and in 1861 Nègre retired to Nice, where he made views and portraits for holiday makers. He died in Grasse in 1880.
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Albumen print of the Galata Tower, taken by Pascal Sébah some time between 1875 and 1886. Here the tower has the cupola that was built after the storm of 1875. The present-day conical top is a reconstruction of a previous one, and was built during restoration works between 1965 and 1967. The Romanesque style tower was built as Christea Turris ("Tower of Christ") in 1348 during an expansion of the Genoese colony in Constantinople.
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Albumen print archived at the National Library of Medicine in Bethesda. Duchenne's colleagues appended "de Boulogne" to his name to avoid confusion with the like-sounding name of Édouard-Adolphe Duchesne (1804–1869) who was a popular society physician in Paris. Woodcut illustration of Duchenne's "appareil volta-électrique." Guillaume-Benjamin Duchenne was the son of a fisherman, descended from a long line of mariners who had settled in the Boulogne-sur-Mer region of France.
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Karls grav – part of the Trollhätte Canal Trollhätte Canal, from an albumen print taken ca. 1865-1895 The Trollhätte Canal is 82 km long, albeit only 10 km of it is manmade, the rest of its watercourse it was laid out through the riverbed of the Göta Älv river. The highest point of the Trollhätte Canal is at the Lake Vänern – 44.10 m a.s.l.. The canal has six locks (downstream towards Göteborg): : 1.
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In gymnosperms, such as conifers, the food storage tissue (also called endosperm) is part of the female gametophyte, a haploid tissue. The endosperm is surrounded by the aleurone layer (peripheral endosperm), filled with proteinaceous aleurone grains. Originally, by analogy with the animal ovum, the outer nucellus layer (perisperm) was referred to as albumen, and the inner endosperm layer as vitellus. Although misleading, the term began to be applied to all the nutrient matter.
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The eggs of the largest species are spherical while the eggs of the rest are elongated. Their albumen is white and contains a different protein from bird eggs, such that it will not coagulate when cooked. Turtle eggs prepared to eat consist mainly of yolk. In some species, temperature determines whether an egg develops into a male or a female: a higher temperature causes a female, a lower temperature causes a male.
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He also learned how to carve with marble under instruction from Alpheus Cary. Horatio seemed to have a natural talent for art, yet his father wasn't fond of the idea of this as a career for Horatio. Horatio Greenough, 1852, albumen print after a daguerreotype by John Adams Whipple (detail), National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, Department of Image Collections. In 1814 Horatio Greenough enrolled at Phillips Academy, Andover, and in 1821 he entered Harvard University.
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Attributed to Adolfo Farsari (1841–1898): A handcolored albumen photograph of Kyobashi as it looked in the 19th century.The artist who became known as Toyohara Kunichika was born Ōshima Yasohachi on June 30, 1835, in the Kyōbashi district, a merchant and artisan area of Edo (present-day Tokyo). His father, Ōshima Kyujū, was the proprietor of a sentō (public bathhouse), the Ōshūya. An indifferent family man, and poor businessman, he lost the bathhouse sometime in Yasohachi's childhood.
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Tinted photograph is a photograph produced on dyed printing papers produced by commercial manufacturers or a hand-colored photograph. A single overall colour underlies the images printed on dyed photographic papers and is most apparent in the highlights and mid-tones. From the 1870s albumen printing papers were available in pale pink or blue and from the 1890s gelatin silver printing-out papers in pale mauve or pink were available. There were other kinds of tinted papers.
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That brought him to the Appomattox Court House, the site of Robert E. Lee's surrender in April 1865. Timothy H. O'Sullivan, Pueblo San Juan, New Mexico, 1874, stereoscopic albumen prints, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, Department of Image Collections. From 1867 to 1869, he was the official photographer on the United States Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel under Clarence King. The expedition began at Virginia City, Nevada, where he photographed the mines, and worked eastward.
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If dropped into boiling water, the albumen will congeal quickly in the boiling water, while the yolk will keep the dough succulent. After the pasta has become firm, they are skimmed and put aside. Since this can be a cumbersome way to prepare spätzle, several devices were invented to facilitate cooking that resemble a strainer or colander, potato ricer (spätzlepresse), food mill or coarse grater (spätzlehobel). As with scraped spätzle, the dough drops into the boiling water.
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View of Yokohama, 1859. Stereograph, albumen silver prints. Rossier first arrived in Japan in 1859, at a time when early experiments in photography were being conducted in Kyūshū, particularly in Nagasaki. The city was the centre of rangaku, the study of Western science, and it was here that physicians Jan Karel van den Broek and J. L. C. Pompe van Meerdervoort were instrumental in teaching their Japanese students not only medicine but also chemistry and photography.
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Lukanina was born in Russia and lived in rural Novgorod Oblast, a setting that influenced her later writing. She originally studied to be a teacher, but then began studies in chemistry with the goal of becoming a physician. Not much else is known about her early life. In collaboration with Aleksandr Borodin, a Russian composer and chemist, she discovered that albumen could be oxidized to produce urea and corrected Heinrich Limpricht's incorrect elucidation of succinyl chloride's reaction with benzoin.
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This unfolding will result in loss in enzymatic activity, which is understandably deleterious to continuing life-functions. An example of such is the denaturing of proteins in albumen from a clear, nearly colourless liquid to an opaque white, insoluble gel. Proteins capable of withstanding such high temperatures compared to proteins that cannot, are generally from microorganisms that are hyperthermophiles. Such organisms can withstand above 50 °C temperatures as they usually live within environments of 85 °C and above.
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Operation Albumen was the name given to British Commando raids in June 1942 on German airfields in the Axis-occupied Greek island of Crete, to prevent them from being used in support of the Afrika Korps in the Western Desert Campaign in the Second World War. These operations were carried out in tandem with similar raids against Axis airfields at Benghazi, Derna and Barce in Libya and were among the first planned sabotage acts in occupied Europe.
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The printing thickeners used depend on the printing technique, the fabric and the particular dyestuff . Typical thickening agents are starch derivatives, flour, gum arabic, guar gum derivatives, tamarind, sodium alginate, sodium polyacrylate, gum Senegal and gum tragacanth, British gum or dextrine and albumen. Hot-water-soluble thickening agents such as native starch are made into pastes by boiling in double or jacketed pans. Most thickening agents used today are cold-soluble and require only extensive stirring.
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Patients already suffering from nephrotic syndrome may not need to take anticoagulants. In this case, patients should keep an eye out and maintain reduced level of proteinuria by reducing salt and excess protein, and intaking diuretics and statins. Depending on the severity of RVT, patients may be on anticoagulants from a year up to a lifetime. As long as the albumen levels in the bloodstream are below 2.5g/L, it is recommended that RVT patients continue taking anticoagulants.
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In 1873, Luys published the first photographic atlas on the brain and nervous system: Iconographie Photographique des Centres Nerveux. The atlas contained seventy albumen prints of frontal, sagittal, and horizontal sections of the brain. Some of them were enlarged with a microscope, but the majority represented gross neuroanatomy. Despite the popularity of photography as a new visualization tool, the publication of the Iconographie did not lead to a proliferation of neuroanatomical photographic atlases in the subsequent decades.
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A number of other techniques developed in parallel with the use of daguerreotypes. The ambrotype, using collodium to produce a positive image on glass, and the pannotype, also collodium-based, were both used in Denmark from around 1855. Negative-based paper prints, used from the beginning of the 1850s, were produced on salt paper until around 1857 when salt was replaced by albumen. Collodion emulsion chloride paper was used from 1865 and in 1880 gelatin emulsion paper was introduced.
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The carte de visite was usually made of an albumen print, which was a thin paper photograph mounted on a thicker paper card. The size of a carte de visite is × mounted on a card sized × . In 1854, Disdéri had also patented a method of taking eight separate negatives on a single plate, which reduced production costs. The carte de visite was slow to gain widespread use until 1859, when Disdéri published Emperor Napoleon III's photos in this format.
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Isidore van Kinsbergen was born in Bruges in 1821 (at that time, Bruges was part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands). Having studied painting and singing in Paris, he joined a French opera group that travelled to Batavia (the present day Jakarta) in 1851. After several performances the group left the Dutch East Indies, but Van Kinsbergen decided to stay there. He became interested in the new medium of photography, particularly in using the albumen print technique.
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Two hermaphrodite opisthobranchs mating, the nudibranch species Nembrotha rutilans Drawing of reproductive system of Aplysia californica. AG - albumen gland, LHD - large hermaphroditic duct. Within the main clade Heterobranchia, the informal group Opisthobranchia are simultaneous hermaphrodites (they have both sets of reproductive organs within one individual at the same time). There are also a few marine pulmonates, and these are also hermaphroditic, for example, see the air-breathing sea slug family Onchidiidae, and the family of air- breathing marine "limpets" Siphonariidae.
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His son Isidore (1805–68) formed a partnership with Daguerre after his father's death and was granted a government pension in 1839 in return for disclosing the technical details of Nicéphore's heliogravure process. A cousin, Claude Félix Abel Niépce de Saint-Victor (1805–1870), was a chemist and was the first to use albumen in photography. He also produced photographic engravings on steel. During 1857–1861, he discovered that uranium salts emit a form of radiation that is invisible to the human eye.
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This tradition remains popular in the Philippines, particularly at the Real Monasterio de Santa Clara in Quezon City and in the town of Obando, Bulacan. According to the Filipino essayist Alejandro Roces, the practice arose because of Clare's name. In Castilian clara refers to an interval of clear weather, and in Spanish, it also refers to the white or albumen of the egg. Many places, including churches, convents, schools, hospitals, towns, and counties are named for Saint Clare, Santa Clara, or other variants.
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When proteins are heated they become denatured (unfolded) and change texture. In many cases, this causes the structure of the material to become softer or more friable – meat becomes cooked and is more friable and less flexible. In some cases, proteins can form more rigid structures, such as the coagulation of albumen in egg whites. The formation of a relatively rigid but flexible matrix from egg white provides an important component in baking cakes, and also underpins many desserts based on meringue.
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When Meessen returned to the Netherlands in 1870, he established a short-lived partnership with Abraham Vermeulen and began disseminating his photographs. Selected images were given to King William III in an elaborately decorated album in 1871, while more were published by De Bussy in 1875 and exhibited in Paris and Amsterdam. In his final years, Meessen worked predominantly as an architect. Collections of his albumen prints, some of which were hand-tinted or annotated, are held in four institutions in the Netherlands.
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Eggs with carrot, Parmesan and cream Eggs are laid by female animals of many different species, including birds, reptiles, amphibians, a few mammals, and fish, and many of these have been eaten by humans for thousands of years.Kenneth F. Kiple, A Movable Feast: Ten Millennia of Food Globalization (2007), p. 22. Bird and reptile eggs consist of a protective eggshell, albumen (egg white), and vitellus (egg yolk), contained within various thin membranes. The most commonly consumed eggs are chicken eggs.
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As a cooking ingredient, egg yolks are an important emulsifier in the kitchen, and are also used as a thickener, as in custards. The albumen (egg white) contains protein, but little or no fat, and may be used in cooking separately from the yolk. The proteins in egg white allow it to form foams and aerated dishes. Egg whites may be aerated or whipped to a light, fluffy consistency, and often are used in desserts such as meringues and mousse.
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Albumen print of carved speaker's staircase of the Pnyx, taken circa 1865-1895, looking west. Excavations at the site were begun in 1910 by the Greek Archaeological Society and definitely confirmed the site as the Pnyx. Large-scale excavations were conducted at various times between 1930 and 1937 by Homer Thompson, in collaboration first with K. Kourouniotes and later with Robert Scranton. These excavations discovered the foundations of the important buildings at the Pnyx, although nothing else remains of them.
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Founded in the early 1990s in Oxford, England, the Egg released its first EP Shopping (1995) on the independent record label, Cup of Tea Records. Having been signed by China Records, in 1996 the band released the album Albumen in the United States on Discovery Records in 1997. In 1998, the follow-up album, Travelator, was released, produced by Tim Holmes of Death in Vegas. In 2000, the group recorded the theme tune to the Yorkshire Television show, At Home with the Braithwaites.
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They renamed it "hyalotype" photography and patented it in 1850. The hyalotype glass slides were produced by an albumen process and were used for views of historic buildings in New York City, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C. These slides were also used in portraits of famous Americans. In 1850, Langenheim with his brother introduced stereoscopy and were the first Americans to sell stereocards to the public.Frederick Langenheim bio Langenheim and his brother were the first to produce stereographs commercially in America.
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Eastman Johnson, 1890s, albumen print (cabinet card) by Edwin S. Bennett (detail), National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, Department of Image Collections. Eastman Johnson's portrait of his brother, Commodore Philip Carrigan Johnson, oil on canvas, 21 × 25 in., 1876 Johnson was born in Lovell, Maine, the eighth and last child of Philip Carrigan Johnson and Mary Kimball Chandler (born in New Hampshire, October 18, 1796, married 1818). His elder siblings were Philip, sisters Harriet, Judith, Mary, Sarah, and Nell, and brother Reuben.
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In 1851, Davie expanded from taking photographs to manufacturing the chemicals used in the daguerreotype process. An innovator in photographic technology, he is credited with such inventions and improvements as the plate vise, the buffing lathe, a camera stand, and refined rotten stone. His most elaborate invention may have been an award-winning device called the American Photographer that clipped, crimped, cleaned, and buffed photographic plates. Davie also learned and experimented with the techniques for making albumen prints and stereoscopic transparencies.
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Ponti's Megalethoscope (Princeton University Library) Description of Ponti's Megalethoscope The megalethoscope is an optical apparatus designed by Carlo Ponti of Venice before 1862. The megalethoscope is the evolution of the alethoscope, patented by Ponti in 1861. In it, photographs are viewed through a large lens, which creates the optical illusion of depth and perspective. The albumen photographs are either backlit by an internal light source—usually an oil or kerosene lantern—or lit by daylight admitted via a system of opening doors.
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The storage area should be secure and monitored for internal threats – such as change in temperature or humidity due to HVAC malfunction, as well as external threats, such as theft or natural disaster. A disaster plan should be created and maintained for all materials. When handling cased photographs such as daguerreotypes, albumen prints, and tintypes, especially ones that have been hand-coloured, caution is required. They are fragile and even minimal efforts to clean them can irreparably damage the image.
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In 1839 of the five examples of the daguerrotype and twenty "Photogenic Drawings" by Talbot were shown at the Exhibition of Arts, Manufacturers and Practical Sciences at the Assembly Rooms, Edinburgh. In 1841 four more daguerreotypes were displayed at the annual exhibition of the Royal Scottish Academy. By 1843 the Edinburgh Calotype Club had been formed, probably the world's first photographic club. The club dissolved in the mid-1850s as new processes appeared, such as the albumen print and wet collodion process.
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For the In a Spin round, three letters of the alphabet were chosen at random and the teams had 30 seconds to form the longest single word they could, starting with the first letter and containing the other two in the given order. (For example, "ALB" could be used in "albumen" or "alabaster," but not "abolish.") The team with the longer valid word scored five points. This round would later be the main feature of the popular BBC game show Catchword.
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Unless they form a stable sediment in the final container, the spent finings are usually discarded from the beverage along with the target compounds that they capture. Substances used as finings include egg whites, blood, milk, isinglass, and Irish moss. These are still used by some producers, but more modern substances have also been introduced and are more widely used, including bentonite, gelatin, casein, carrageenan, alginate, diatomaceous earth, pectinase, pectolyase, PVPP, kieselsol (colloidal silica), copper sulfate, dried albumen (egg whites), hydrated yeast, and activated carbon.
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This is believed to be the first photograph taken by a Japanese woman. At some point the couple learned photography, and in the spring of 1864 Ryū photographed her husband, thereby creating the earliest known photograph by a Japanese woman. The negative is on deposit at the Tojo Historical Museum, a wet-plate print of this portrait remains in the Shima family archives and the Museum of Fine Arts in Houston has an albumen print. The Shimas operated a photographic studio in EdoNihon no shashinka specifies Shitaya.
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Among the subjects of Ball's photographic portraits were P.T. Barnum, Charles Dickens, Henry Highland Garnet, the family of Ulysses S. Grant, Jenny Lind, and Queen Victoria. The techniques used for "all the known photographs of J. P. Ball" as of 1993 included mostly daguerreotypes and albumen prints (e.g., as carte de visites). In 1992, Swann Galleries sold an 1851 daguerreotype by Ball of three storefronts in Cincinnati for $63,800, which set a world record at the time for highest price paid for a daguerreotype at auction.
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It's not a graphic novel, and not an illustrated chapter book, but a novel in which the illustrations are an integral part of the whole. It's a book about the dealing with the visual clues but at the same time infused with the more traditional narrative around each image. The illustrations are based on old daguerreotypes and albumen prints of anonymous sitters, culled from the Online Prints and Photographs Reading Room of the Library of Congress. The background patterns are based on actual Victorian designs.
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Five men curling (albumen print) The National Galleries of Scotland Notman was born in Paisley, Scotland, in 1826, and moved to Montreal in the summer of 1856. An amateur photographer, he quickly established a flourishing professional photography studio on Bleury Street, a location close to Montreal's central commercial district. His first important commission was the documentation of the construction of the Victoria Bridge across the St. Lawrence River. The Bridge opened with great fanfare in 1860, attended by the Prince of Wales and Notman's camera.
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View of the ruins of the Flowery Pagoda [Hua Ta], Liurong Si (also known as Six Banyans Temple), Canton (now Guangzhou), China. Albumen print by Dutton & Michaels, negative exposed 1863. The Dutton & Michaels photographic studio was a photography partnership between Sylvester Dutton, an American from Maine, and someone named Michaels (possibly Vince Michaels), which was based in Canton (now Guangzhou), China, in the mid-1860s.Peter Palmquist and Thomas Kailbourn, Pioneer Photographers of the Far West: A Biographical Dictionary, 1840-1865 (Stanford University Press, 2000), pp. 211-212.
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Most of the plates depict butterflies together with exotic plants. Donovan often used thick paints, burnished highlights, albumen overglazes and metallic paints. These covered the engravings (from his own copper plates, Donovan personally undertook all steps of the illustration process for his books, the drawing, the etching and engraving and the hand colouring, working with a team of several employees) which are not visible. At other times the fineness of his engraving and etching is apparent giving his illustrations the appearance of being watercolours.
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The interior of the Secundra Bagh, several months after its storming during the second relief of Lucknow. Albumen silver print by Felice Beato, 1858 Very soon after the events at Meerut, rebellion erupted in the state of Awadh (also known as Oudh, in modern-day Uttar Pradesh), which had been annexed barely a year before. The British Commissioner resident at Lucknow, Sir Henry Lawrence, had enough time to fortify his position inside the Residency compound. The defenders, including loyal sepoys, numbered some 1700 men.
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View of Nagasaki Japan, 1872 Portrait of the Emperor Meiji by Uchida Kuichi, 1873. Albumen silver print was a pioneering Japanese photographer from Nagasaki. He was greatly respected as a portrait photographer and was the only photographer granted a sitting to photograph the Emperor Meiji.Worswick (1979), 136. Uchida was adopted at the age of 13, following his father's death, by the physician Matsumoto Jun (formerly Matsumoto Ryōjun) (1832 - 1907), who was at that time studying photography with J. L. C. Pompe van Meerdervoort (1829 - 1908).Bennett, 54.
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Although methods for photographing in color emerged slowly starting in the 1850s, monochrome imagery dominated photography until the mid–twentieth century. From the start, photographic recording processes such as the daguerreotype, the paper negative and the glass collodion negative did not render the color of light (although they were sensitive to some colors more than others). The result was a monochrome image. Until the 1880s, photographic processes used to print negatives — notably the calotype, the salt print and the albumen print — generally produced images with a variety of brown or sepia tones.
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However, like their predecessors and unlike the HAPAG liners, they were single-screw, and therefore did not meet the expectation of being faster. Albumen Photograph 1895 - SS Spree W. Sander & Sohn Photographen Geestemunde print 8.5 x 5.0 inches The Werra, Fulda and Ems all served a new route between Genoa and Naples and New York which NDL had instituted in 1891.Bessell, p. 74. The Eider went aground off the Isle of Wight on 31 January 1892, was salvaged in March but was then auctioned off to be broken up the following year.
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First Spiritual Temple, Boston, Massachusetts, albumen print, ca. 1885–1895 Spiritualism has been related to the practices of early Christianity and has developed into an additional form of Christian Spiritualism, e.g. the still active First Spiritual Temple in the USA founded in 1883 and the Greater World Christian Spiritualist League (later to become the Greater World Christian Spiritualist Association) in the UK which was founded in 1931. Foremost in the movement towards Christian Spiritualism in the United Kingdom was one of the leading pioneers in the spiritualism movement, medium and Reverend William Stainton Moses.
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With Maeda and other students escorting him around the city, Rossier took photographs of priests, beggars, the audience of a sumo match, the foreign settlement, and the group portrait of Alexander von Siebold and samurai. Rossier believed that Pompe van Meerdervoort's failures in photography were due to a lack of the necessary chemicals and so he provided Maeda with a letter of recommendation to procure photographic apparatus and chemicals from a source in Shanghai. Both Maeda and Furukawa bought lenses, chemicals and albumen paper through Rossier.Himeno, 21–22.
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Anschütz' 1884 albumen photographs of storks inspired aviation pioneer Otto Lilienthal's experimental gliders in the late 1880s. Anschütz' many international motion picture exhibitions between 1887 and 1894 probably inspired many other pioneers in the history of film technology. Although there's no discrete evidence, Georges Demenÿ most likely saw Anschütz' "Sprechende Porträts" before developing his Phonoscope in 1891. Edison or his employees may have seen the Electrotachyscope (in New York possibly as early as 1887) and their peep-box Kinetoscope machines were probably influenced by the Siemens & Halske type of Electrotachyscope.
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Eggs without yolks are known as "dwarf" or "wind" eggs, or the archaic term "cock egg". Such an egg is most often a pullet's first effort, produced before her laying mechanism is fully ready. Mature hens rarely lay a yolkless egg, but sometimes a piece of reproductive tissue breaks away and passes down the tube. Such a scrap of tissue may stimulate the egg-producing glands to react as though it were a yolk and wrap it in albumen, membranes, and a shell as it travels through the egg tube.
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Albumen print of Trinity Church detail, ca. 1877–1898 Trinity Church is the only church in the United States and the only building in Boston that has been honored as one of the "Ten Most Significant Buildings in the United States" by the American Institute of Architects (AIA). In 1885, architects voted Trinity Church as the most important building in the U.S.; Trinity Church is the only building from the original 1885 list still included in the AIA's current top ten list. The building was designated a National Historic Landmark on December 30, 1970.
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1 (New York: James T. White and Company, 1898), p. 184. His firm, Osterheld and Eickemeyer, invented a hat-blocking machine that revolutionized the hat industry, and made a number of advancements in electrical lighting. The younger Eickemeyer joined his father's firm as a draftsman in 1879. Sweet Home Eickemeyer first became interested in photography as a means to help document his father's inventions. He purchased his first camera, an "abnormally thick" Platyscope B, on February 2, 1884, and took his first photograph, an albumen print of his sister, the following day.
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However, although he tried several different combinations of chemicals with platinum, none of them succeeded in producing any permanency in the image. All of his prints faded after several months. Over the next decade, Hunt noted that platinum prints he had left in the dark faded very slowly but gradually resumed their original density, and had also shifted from a negative to a positive image, eventually becoming permanent. By the early 1850s, however, other more reliable photographic processes, such as salt and albumen printing, had been developed and were beginning to be widely used.
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In the March 1851 issue of The Chemist, Frederick Scott Archer published his wet plate collodion process. It became the most widely used photographic medium until the gelatin dry plate, introduced in the 1870s, eventually replaced it. There are three subsets to the collodion process; the Ambrotype (a positive image on glass), the Ferrotype or Tintype (a positive image on metal) and the glass negative, which was used to make positive prints on albumen or salted paper. Many advances in photographic glass plates and printing were made during the rest of the 19th century.
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Vernice bianca is a type of sealer varnish used in violin making. It is mainly prepared with a mix of egg white and gum arabic. The following is taken directly from American Lutherie #10 in 1987 when interviewing Jack Batts. It is also in The Big Red Book vol 1 from Guild of American Luthiers. A recipe for “Vernice Bianca” from Simone Fernando Sacconi 25g of gum arabic 1/2 teaspoon of honey 1/4 teaspoon of rock candy [ambiguous term] about 100cc of water albumen from one egg white.
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Lord Amberley in the 1860s, on an albumen carte-de-visite John Russell was born on 10 December 1842 at Chesham Place, London, the first son of Lord John Russell, himself the son of the 6th Duke of Bedford. His mother was Lord Russell's second wife, Lady Frances, daughter of the 2nd Earl of Minto. In 1846, his father became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and served as such twice. Due to Lord John's elevation to peerage as Earl Russell in 1861, his son and heir apparent became known as Viscount Amberley.
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Albumen print photograph by Lewis Carroll from 21 July 1865 depicting Effie Gray, John Everett Millais, and their daughters Effie and Mary at 7 Cromwell Place, signed "Effie C. Millais". John Ruskin wrote the fantasy novel The King of the Golden River for Gray in 1841, when she was 12 and he was 21. Gray's family knew Ruskin's father and encouraged a match between the two when she had matured. She ended up marrying Ruskin, after an initially unsteady courtship, when she was 20 years old on 10 April 1848.
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Abraham Lincoln. Salt Print Photograph Inscribed and Signed by Lincoln to Fanny Speed, wife of his closest friend, Joshua Speed, 1861. From the Stephan Loewentheil Photography Collection,19th Century Shop Loewentheil's photography collection is rooted in early photographic methods of the 19th century – daguerreotypes, cartes de visite, albumen prints, tintypes, and cyanotypes. Much like his rare book collection, Loewentheil's photography collection has a historical theme, featuring rare portraits of some of the most notable Americans of the 19th century - John D. Rockefeller, Abraham Lincoln, Clara Barton, and John C. Calhoun, among many others.
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It is believed that the panorama initially had eleven plates, but the original daguerreotypes no longer exist. After the advent of wet-plate collodion process, photographers would take anywhere from two to a dozen of the ensuing albumen prints and piece them together to form a panoramic image (see: Segmented). This photographic process was technically easier and far less expensive than Daguerreotypes. Some of the most famous early panoramas were assembled this way by George N. Barnard, a photographer for the Union Army in the American Civil War in the 1860s.
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A photograph by George Shadbolt, entitled Country Lane, likely to have been taken in the area of Hornsey, North London. George Shadbolt (1817–1901) was a British writer, editor, student of optics and photographer with a strong interest in innovative techniques, who was active during the 1850s-1860s. Reported to have made the first microphotograph, he was also an early advocate of photographic enlargement, as well as compound and combination printing. Shadbolt's dislike of the glare of albumen printing paper led him to forsake it for salted paper.
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Dropsy is the morbid effusion of the serum of the blood into the cavities of the body and into the meshes of its tissues. It had been observed from the beginning of medicine, but up to the time of Richard Lower nothing was known of its morbid anatomy. He made the first step, which was the demonstration that dropsy of a limb always follows direct obstruction of its veins. Blackall's discovery came next, and was that dropsy is often associated with the presence of albumen in the urine.
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Whipping aids improve the foaming properties of albumen, a protein found in egg whites, which means a firmer foam will be established in a shorter amount of time. Cream of tartar is an acidic salt which adjusts the pH of egg whites so the proteins will be more soluble, as well as reducing protein denaturation during whipping. If cream of tartar is not used the cake may not reach its maximum achievable volume. Cream of tartar also decolorizes the flavone pigments in flour, giving a final cake that is a bright white color.
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That year, he became interested in photography from having done work coloring photographs. The following year, he was able to open a studio on the Carrera de San Jerónimo, near the Congress of Deputies, the same location where the British photographer, Charles Clifford, had set up his first studio. In 1866, together with the Spanish photographer, José Martínez Sánchez (1808–1874), he patented "Leptographic Paper" which produced positives, rather than the negatives produced by the albumen print process. The paper enjoyed some popularity in Spain and France, but was never widely used.
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Spinnbarkeit (English: spinnability), also known as fibrosity, is a biomedical rheology term which refers to the stringy or stretchy property found to varying degrees in mucus, saliva, albumen and similar viscoelastic fluids. The term is used especially with reference to cervical mucus at the time just prior to or during ovulation, and to sputum, particularly in cases of cystic fibrosis. Under the influence of estrogens, cervical mucus becomes abundant, clear, and stretchable, and somewhat like egg white. The stretchability of the mucus is described by its spinnbarkeit, from the German word for the ability to be spun.
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Edward Moran, late 1860s, albumen print (carte-de-visite), National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, Department of Image Collections. It was in Philadelphia around 1845 that Edward apprenticed under James Hamilton and landscape painter Paul Weber; Hamilton guided Moran specifically in the style of marine paintings. In the 1850s Moran began to make a name for himself in the Philadelphia artistic scene; working in the same studio as his younger brother, famous American painter Thomas Moran, Edward received commissions and even completed some lithographic work. In 1862, he traveled to London and became a pupil in the Royal Academy.
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Gustave Le Gray, also in 1957, achieved simultaneous detail in both sky and sea through combination printing in his 'The Great Wave', 1857, Albumen print from collodion-on-glass negative. Museum no. 68:004, Victoria and Albert Museum, London. French architectural photographer Edouard Baldus, commissioned in 1851 to document the state of French architectural heritage, employed combination printing techniques from paper negatives to produce not only panoramas, but also to deal with technical limitations of exposure range and depth of focus, particularly for his Cloister of St.. Trephine, Arles, 1851 He joined vigorously in contemporary debatesRobinson, H. P. (1860).
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The piece includes several human subjects, some facing the camera with light hitting them, and one darker and facing away from view. Henry Peach Robinson's Autumn, 1860 This was an albumen print photo that he put together in 1863. When explaining the print, Robinson discussed that he initially sketched out the scene that he hoped to produce, trying different various samples of what he could do with putting the scenery and figures together. Only after he was happy with his sketched out plan would he finally shoot the individual photos and then eventually combine the negatives in printing.
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The use of plaster of Paris to cover walls is evident, but it seems it was never used for bandages. Ancient Hindus treated fractures with bamboo splints, and the writings of Hippocrates discuss management of fractures in some detail, recommending wooden splints plus exercise to prevent muscle atrophy during the immobilization. The ancient Greeks also used waxes and resins to create stiffened bandages and the Roman Celsus, writing in AD 30, describes how to use splints and bandages stiffened with starch. Arabian doctors used lime derived from sea shells and albumen from egg whites to stiffen bandages.
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A cock egg is most often a pullet's first effort, produced before her laying mechanism is fully ready. In a mature hen, a wind egg is unlikely, but can occur if a bit of reproductive tissue breaks away, stimulating the egg-producing glands to treat it as a yolk and wrap it in albumen, membranes and a shell as it travels through the egg tube. This has occurred if, instead of a yolk, the egg contains a small particle of grayish tissue. This type of egg occurs in many varieties of fowl, including chickens (both standard and bantams), guineafowl, and Japanese (Coturnix) quail.
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Camille Silvy's albumen print of Maude Stanley A woman of Stanley's social position was expected to devote time to charity and social work, but her involvement exceeded expectations. She started out as visitor of Five Dials, a now-extinct London slum, where her younger brother Algernon served as a curate, which she considered "old-fashioned" but enabling her to "penetrate into houses where none other could enter". Stanley's approach gradually became more secular and she started concentrating on youth work. She started opening night schools and clubs for girls, spending much of her income for that purpose.
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The work, arranged anatomically and presented according to a pathologic-traumatological systematization, includes a brief recommended treatment for each affliction. Rogerius was an independent observer and was the first to use the term lupus to describe the classic malar rash. He recommended a dressing of egg-albumen for wounds of the neck, and did not believe that nerves, when severed, could be regenerated (consolidari), though he thought they may undoubtedly be reunited (conglutinari). Rogerius' work was the first medieval text on surgery to dominate its field in all of Europe, and it was used in the new universities in Bologna and Montpellier.
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Gardner, with the assistance of O'Sullivan, also took photographs of the execution of Mary Surratt, Lewis Powell, George Atzerodt and David Herold as they were hanged at Washington Penitentiary on July 7, 1865. Four months later, Gardner photographed the execution of Henry Wirz, commanding officer at the infamous prisoner of war camp in Andersonville, Georgia. In 1866, "Lincoln's favorite photographer" published his two-volume anthology, Gardner's Photographic Sketch Book of the War. Two editions were published in 1865 an 1866, consisting of two leather-bound volumes. Each volume contained 50 tipped-in, imperial size albumen prints, with an accompanying page of descriptive, letterpress.
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She has even made arrangements for the magical celebrity, the Jellyman, to see it when he arrives in Reading. Jack is told by Gretel that Humpty Dumpty was shot by someone from behind, which smashed through his shell and burst the albumen, sending a shock which cracked the whole egg. When Mary, Spratt and the inspector enter Humpty's house, they wonder how Humpty got his money: he had no proper job and all he did was invest in failing companies. Their question is answered when they discover on the sofa a goose that lays golden eggs.
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Today in the fast paced world of megapixels he is also immersing himself in the slowness of analog processes and at the same time slowing down many born digital photographers and artists by mentoring them. Aditya has also turned alchemist and artist practicing and teaching the art of vintage photographic processes such as salt prints, egg albumen prints, gum bichromate and wet plate photography. He has been on the Jury of the National Art Exhibition 2014 organised by Lalit Kala Akademi and many other national shows. He has also curated several shows of archival and contemporary visual works, both nationally and internationally.
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A Cadbury Creme Egg is a chocolate-like confection produced in the shape of an egg, originating from the British chocolatier Cadbury. The product consists of a thick chocolate-like shell containing an enzymatically-derived sweet white and yellow filling that resembles fondant. The filling mimics the albumen and yolk of a soft boiled egg from a fowl such as a chicken or goose. The Creme Egg is the best selling confectionery item between New Year's Day and Easter in the UK, with annual sales in excess of 200 million and a brand value of approximately £55 million.
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Albumen print of Lord and Lady Amberley made by William Notman in Montreal in 1867 and currently owned by McCord Museum In November 1860, the black-haired and short statured Lord Amberley met and fell in love with Janet Chambers, daughter of the publisher Robert Chambers. The affection remained strong until her death in 1863, but it does not appear probable that Amberley ever contemplated marrying her. He met Katharine Stanley in early 1864. Lord and Lady Russell disliked her parents, the politician Lord Stanley of Alderley and the women's education campaigner Lady Stanley of Alderley.
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Emily Faithfull, ca. 1860s by Leonida Caldesi (1822–1891), albumen carte-de- visite, 1860s, NPG x46997 With the object of extending their sphere of labour, which was then very limited, in 1860 Emily Faithfull set up in London a printing establishment for women, called The Victoria Press. From 1860 until 1864, the Victoria Press published the feminist English Woman's Journal. Both Faithfull and her Victoria Press soon obtained a reputation for its excellent work, and Faithfull was shortly afterwards appointed printer and publisher in ordinary to Queen Victoria, indicating that Faithfull was the official printer and publisher of Queen Victoria.
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It began losing artistic and commercial ground to higher quality albumen prints on paper in the mid-1860s, yet survived for well over another 40 years, living mostly as a carnival novelty. The tintype's immediate predecessor, the ambrotype, was done by the same process of using a sheet of glass as the support. The glass was either of a dark color or provided with a black backing so that, as with a tintype, the underexposed negative image in the emulsion appeared as a positive. Tintypes were sturdy and did not require mounting in a protective hard case like ambrotypes and daguerreotypes.
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Photograph of Uppsala Cathedral, 1889 Born in Uppsala on 21 September 1827, Schenson was the daughter of the academy treasurer John Schenson and the school administrator Maria Magdalena Hahr. There are no records of her education or of how she became familiar with photography. By the 1860s, she had opened a studio in Uppsala, becoming one of Sweden's earliest female professional photographers and the first to establish a business in Uppsala. In addition to photographs of Uppsala Cathedral, she produced a series of some 20 albumen prints as a tribute to the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778).
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Reproductive system of Limax maximus: HG = hermaphrodite gland = ovotestis HD = hermaphrodite duct AG = albumen gland SO = spermoviduct OV = oviduct VD = vas deferens = sperm-duct RS = receptaculum seminis P = penis PRM = penis retractor muscle G = genital pore The shell of Limax maximus is reduced and internal, under the shield. The occurrence of this internal shell was known to Pliny the Elder; the shell was used by the ancient physicians for the sake of its carbonate of lime.Jeffreys J. G. 1862. British conchology: or, an account of the Mollusca which now inhabit the British Isles and the surrounding seas.
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The pedal ganglia are placed beneath the radula sac and joined together by an anterior and a posterior commissure. The abdominal ganglion lies a little to the right of the median line. The visceral ganglia occupy the angle between the lingual sheath and the oesophagus and the buccal ganglia are widely separated but joined together by a commissure nearly as thick as the ganglia themselves. Reproductive system: The hermaphrodite gland (HG) is elongated and large, and is connected with spermoviduct (SO) by means of the hermaphrodite duct (HD) which takes its course through a portion of the albumen gland (AG).
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After its producer switched to using free-range eggs as an ingredient, the Vegetarian Society gave the product its seal of approval. In 2004, McDonald's introduced a Quorn-branded burger bearing the seal of approval of the Vegetarian Society. As of 2009, the Quorn burgers were no longer available at any McDonald's restaurant in the UK. In 2011 Quorn Foods launched a vegan burger into the US market, using potato protein as a binder instead of egg albumen, to confer vegan status. According to Quorn's website, by 2020 a number of Quorn items were available in US markets, many of which are vegan.
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Albumen print. In July 1858 Antonio joined Felice in Calcutta. Felice had been in India since the beginning of the year photographing the aftermath of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Antonio also photographed in India until December 1859 when he left Calcutta, probably for health reasons, and headed for Malta by way of Suez. Antonio Beato went to Cairo towards the end 1859 or early 1860 and spent two years there before moving to Luxor where he opened a photographic studio in 1862 (until his death in 1906) and began producing tourist images of the people and architectural sites of the area.
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Basic dyes are used in the hand-colouring of photographs. Dyes are soluble colour substance, either natural or synthetic, in an aqueous solution, as opposed to pigments which are generally insoluble colour substance in an aqueous suspension. Aniline dyes, the first synthetically produced dyes originally used for the dyeing of textiles, were first used to dye albumen prints and glass transparency photographs in Germany in the 1860s.Henisch. (1996). p. 65. When hand-colouring with dyes, a weak solution of dye in water is preferred, and colours are often built up with repeated washes rather than being applied all at once.
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The view of Sydney Harbour from 'The Towers' Holtermann financed and possibly participated in Beaufoy Merlin's project to photograph New South Wales and exhibit the results abroad to encourage immigration. The work was taken up after Merlin's death in 1873 by his assistant, Charles Bayliss. In 1875, Holtermann and Bayliss produced the Holtermann panorama, a series of "23 albumen silver photographs which join together to form a continuous 978-centimetre view of Sydney Harbour and its suburbs." Some of the photographs, including the panorama, were displayed at the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition, where they won a bronze medal.
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Burns, Scotland's national poet, sent Clarinda many verses over several years in unsuccessful (it is believed) attempts to seduce this beautiful married lady. Edinburgh from the Calton Hill with Calton Jail in foreground, by George Washington Wilson, albumen print, ca. 1865-1895 Calton Hill was the location of the notorious Calton Jail, a complex comprising a Debtors' Prison, the Bridewell (1791–96) by Robert Adam (later replaced) and a Felons' Prison of 1815-17 by Archibald Elliot. The prisons were replaced by Saughton Prison and demolished in 1930 providing a site for St. Andrew's House, home to Scotland's senior civil servants.
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Albumen silver print photograph of Muybridge in 1867 at base of the Ulysses S. Grant tree "71 Feet in Circumference" in the Mariposa Grove, Yosemite, by Carleton Watkins From June to November 1867, Muybridge visited Yosemite Valley He took enormous safety risks to make his photographs, using a heavy view camera and stacks of glass plate negatives. A stereograph he published in 1872 shows him sitting casually on a projecting rock over the Yosemite Valley, with of empty space yawning below him. He returned with numerous stereoscopic views and larger plates. He selected 20 pictures to be retouched and manipulated for a subscription series that he announced in February 1868.
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Liang Shitai is now recognized as a pioneer of early Chinese photography. Liang Shitai photographs from the Stephan Loewentheil Collection were displayed as part of the collossal exhibition Vision and Reflection: Photographs of China in the 19th Century from the Loewentheil Collection, held at the Tsinghua University Art Museum in Beijing in 2019. The exhibition displayed 120 photographic “masterpieces” of 19th century China, including two albumen prints by Liang Shitai of Qing dynasty officials. In contrast to the foreign photographers working in China at the time, Liang Shitai's work is notable for its adoption of the stylistic and aesthetic influence of traditional Chinese painting.
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A nearly complete series of these, mounted in an album bound by Lucas himself, and including a frontispiece portrait of the artist, was held the British Museum. These albumen "cartes de visite" (now in the National Portrait Gallery) show Lucas in a variety of theatrical and expressive poses that further reveal his eccentricity. Towards the end of his life, Lucas's conversational prowess ensured that he was a frequent guest at Broadlands, the seat of Lord Palmerston, who obtained for him a civil-list pension in June 1865. Lucas made three wax portraits of Palmerston, and a statuette which formed his last exhibit at the Royal Academy in 1859.
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G.-B. Duchanne de Boulogne, Synoptic plate 4 from Le Mécanisme de la Physionomie Humaine. 1862, albumen print. In the upper row and the lower two rows, patients with different expressions on either side of their faces Whereas the scientific section was intended to exhibit the expressive lines of the face and the "truth of the expression," the aesthetic section was intended also to demonstrate that the "gesture and the pose together contribute to the expression; the trunk and the limbs must be photographed with as much care as the face so as to form an harmonious whole."Duchenne, Mecanisme, part 3, 133-5; Cuthbertson trans.
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Technology was still fast developing at the time, and the exhibition came at the moment that the older calotype process, with paper negatives, was being replaced by the new collodion process, first described in 1850 and 1851 and already getting very popular. Some 460 exhibited photographs were made with the calotype process, against some 300 for the other processes, mainly the collodion process and albumen prints. The exhibition lead directly to the creation of the Photographic Society on 20 January 1853. One of its first endeavours was a follow-up exhibition of 83 works that would travel around the United Kingdom, starting in September 1853 and lasting until April 1854.
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In 1877, Buchta arrived at Khartoum, where Charles George Gordon, then Governor-General of the Turkish-Egyptian Sudan, facilitated his onward journey to Emin Pasha at Ladó, on the Upper Nile. From there, he travelled further along the White Nile as far as northern Uganda, taking some of the earliest existing photographs of ethnic people in these regions, such as the Acholi, Bari, Zande, Shilluk or Dinka. Upon his return to Germany in 1881, he published his impressions along with 160 mounted albumen prints in the book Die obern Nilländer: Volkstypen und Landschaften. (in English: The Lands of the Upper Nile: Ethnic people and Landscapes).
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Ambrotypes were much less expensive to produce than daguerreotypes, the medium that predominated when they were introduced, and did not have the bright mirror-like metallic surface that could make daguerreotypes troublesome to view and which some people disliked. An ambrotype, however, appeared dull and drab when compared with the brilliance of a well-made and properly viewed daguerreotype. By the late 1850s, the ambrotype was overtaking the daguerreotype in popularity. By the mid-1860s, the ambrotype itself was being replaced by the tintype, a similar image on a sturdy black-lacquered thin iron sheet, as well as by photographic albumen paper prints made from glass plate collodion negatives.
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Tsar Alexander II approved the establishment of the governor-generalship of Russian Turkestan in 1867. General Konstantin Petrovich von Kaufman (1818–82), the first governor- general, commissioned Turkestan Album, a visual survey of Central Asia that includes some 1,200 photographs, along with architectural plans, watercolor drawings, and maps. Physically, each large green leather-bound volume is following a printed title page, textual introduction, and list of captions, the visual plates appear with lithographically printed running headings, decorative borders, and individual captions in Russian. Each plate contains from one to eight gold-toned albumen photographic prints, with occasional watercolor drawings, architectural plans, and battle maps.
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The archive comprises about 550 volumes of letters, books, order books and account books, approximately 29,000 engine drawings and upwards of 20,000 letters received from customers. Boulton and Watt manufactured the screw engines for Brunel's SS Great Eastern and the archive includes a portfolio of 13 albumen prints by Robert Howlett documenting the construction of the Great Eastern, including a rare variant of the Brunel portrait of 1857. Also displayed in the Library are two large coade stone medallions, made in the 1770s and removed from the front of the city's Theatre Royal when it was demolished in 1956. These depict David Garrick and William Shakespeare.
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This double fertilization is unique to flowering plants, although in some other groups the second sperm cell does fuse with another cell in the megagametophyte to produce a second embryo. The plant stores nutrients such as starch, proteins, and oils in the endosperm as a food source for the developing embryo and seedling, serving a similar function to the yolk of animal eggs. The endosperm is also called the albumen of the seed. Embryos may be described by a number of terms including Linear (embryos have axile placentation and are longer than broad), or rudimentary (embryos are basal in which the embryo is tiny in relation to the endosperm).
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View of central galleries and towers of Angkor Wat, Siem Reap, Cambodia, 1866. Albumen print by Émile Gsell Émile Gsell (1838 - 1879) was a French photographer who worked in Southeast Asia, becoming the first commercial photographer based in Saigon (now Ho Chi Minh City). He participated in at least three scientific expeditions, and the images he produced from the first, to Angkor Wat, are amongst the earliest photographs of that site. Though he died at an early age he managed to make several hundred photographs in just over a dozen years featuring a wide range of subject matter including architecture, landscapes, and studio, ethnographic and genre portraits.
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He developed a catalogue with 2500 titles that is available through the Gallica web projectGallica Project of the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF) as well as in the Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library. His catalogue covers France, Italy, Germany, United Kingdom, Austria, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the United States. He was one of the first photographers to have studios on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean: in Paris and New York. His main contribution to history documentation was his "Albert Levy's architectural photographic Series" in the 1870s that consists of albums with 30–40 albumen prints of the Architecture of the United States, with a size of 20x24 cm approximately.
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Ram Singh had also commissioned numerous self-portraits in a variety of poses ranging from a Hindu holy man to a Rajput warrior to a Western gentleman. Vikramaditya Prakash, an art- historian had described them as "self-consciously hybridized representations [which] straddle and contest the separating boundary – between colonizer and colonized, English and native – the preservation and reaffirmation of which was crucial for colonial discourse". The glass negatives that produced the portraits, the albumen print photograph collection and his own self-portraits are now displayed at the Maharaja Sawai Man Singh II Museum in Jaipur. He was also a life-time member of Bengal Photographic Society.
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Stereoscopic albumen print of the Bartholdi fountain, by Centennial Photographic Co., 1876, from the New York Public Library The Fountain of Light and Water, commonly called the Bartholdi fountain, was created for the 1876 Philadelphia Exposition which celebrated the 100th birthday of the United States. It was designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, and it was cast by the Durenne foundry in France, which had won awards for its cast-iron fountains at earlier international expositions in 1862, 1867 and 1873.Frances R. Kowsky, The Bartholdi Fountain: A Model for All Our Cities, Gazette des Beaux Arts, sec. 6, volume 94, December 1979. pp. 231–237.
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Whelk egg case Mating and egg laying occur during the spring and fall migration. Internally fertilized eggs are surrounded by a transparent mass of albumen, a gel-like material, and are laid in protective flat, rounded egg capsules joined to form a paper-like chain of egg cases, commonly called a "Mermaid's Necklace". On average each capsule contains 0-99 eggs, with most strings having 40-160 capsules. After laying their egg cases, female knobbed whelk will bury one end of the egg case into the substrate, thus providing an anchor for the developing fertilized eggs and preventing the string of egg cases from washing ashore where it would dehydrate.
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On his return to Japan, he became the successful operator of his father-in-law's new branch studio in Kudanzaka, Tokyo. His photographs, often large hand-coloured albumen prints, won prizes at international exhibitions in Europe and Japan and he was commissioned to photograph such persons of rank as the Hawaiian King Kalākaua in 1881, the Crown Prince Tōgu () in 1888 (for which he was paid $50), and the Japanese Empress Dowager in 1890.Taber also photographed King Kalākaua, during a six-week trip to the Hawaiian Islands in 1880. Taber's photographic stock also includes views of Japan that may have been supplied by Suzuki.
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When the process is applied to food and the water is evaporated and removed, the food can be stored for long periods without spoiling. It is also used when boiling a substance at normal temperatures would chemically change the consistency of the product, such as egg whites coagulating when attempting to dehydrate the albumen into a powder. This process was invented by Henri Nestlé in 1866, of Nestlé Chocolate fame, although the Shakers were already using a vacuum pan before that (see condensed milk). This process is used industrially to make such food products as evaporated milk for milk chocolate and tomato paste for ketchup.
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G.-B. Duchenne de Boulogne, Synoptic plate 4 from Le Mécanisme de la Physionomie Humaine. 1862, albumen print. In the upper row and the lower two rows, patients with different expressions on either side of their faces Whereas the scientific section was intended to exhibit the expressive lines of the face and the "truth of the expression," the aesthetic section was intended also to demonstrate that the "gesture and the pose together contribute to the expression; the trunk and the limbs must be photographed with as much care as the face so as to form an harmonious whole."Duchenne, Mecanisme, part 3, 133-5; Cuthbertson trans.
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The original description of the three slug species in the subgenus Carinarion, Arion (Carinarion) fasciatus, Arion (Carinarion) silvaticus and Arion (Carinarion) circumscriptus, was based on small differences in body pigmentation and details of the genital anatomy. A 2006 study of these morphospecies (typological species) claims that previous studies had shown that body colour in these slugs may be influenced by their diet, and that the putative genital differences were not confirmed by subsequent multivariate morphometric analyses. Analysis of alloenzyme and albumen gland proteins gave conflicting results. Also there was evidence of interspecific hybridization in places where these predominantly self- fertilizing slugs apparently outcross, contradicting their status as biological species.
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The original description of the three slugs in the subgenus Carinarion, Arion (Carinarion) fasciatus, Arion (Carinarion) silvaticus and Arion (Carinarion) circumscriptus was based on small differences in body pigmentation and details of the genital anatomy. A recent study of these morphospecies (typological species) claims that previous studies had shown that body colour in these slugs may be influenced by their diet, and the genital differences were not confirmed by subsequent multivariate morphometric analyses. Analysis of alloenzyme and albumen gland proteins had given conflicting results. Also that evidence of interspecific hybridization in places where these predominantly self- fertilizing slugs apparently outcross contradicted their status as biological species.
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The original description of the three slugs in the subgenus Carinarion, Arion (Carinarion) fasciatus, Arion (Carinarion) silvaticus and Arion (Carinarion) circumscriptus was based on small differences in body pigmentation and details of the genital anatomy. A recent study of these morphospecies (typological species) claims that previous studies had shown that body colour in these slugs may be influenced by their diet, and the genital differences were not confirmed by subsequent multivariate morphometric analyses. Analysis of alloenzyme and albumen gland proteins had given conflicting results. Also that evidence of interspecific hybridization in places where these predominantly self-fertilizing slugs apparently outcross contradicted their status as biological species.
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St. Clare of Assisi is the oldest saint declared patroness of Catanghalan (the town's former name), her image first enshrined the chapel built by missionaries of the Order of Friars Minor in the town. St. Clare was a 13th-century Italian nun, who founded the Poor Clares according to the rule and teachings of her contemporary, St. Francis. St. Clare became the patroness of good weather because her Spanish name, Clara, also referred to clearer skies after a storm. This formed the basis for the Filipino custom of offering chicken eggs to St. Clare to ensure good weather, as the Spanish word for egg white or albumen, claro, is also a pun on her name.
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Species in the freshwater gastropod family such as the Caenogastropoda from the class Prosobranchia, are largely self-fertilizing; however after many generations of selfing, a physiological barrier halts sperm generation in that organism, and only allows for the introduction of foreign sperm. Gametes form in the ovotesties, an organ which produces both ova and sperm, and pass down into the hermaphroditic duct to the albumen gland, the junction of where the common duct splits to either vas deferens or oviduct, where they are stored until they are needed for either mating or self- fertilization. It is believed that this junction acts as a regulatory mechanism via contracting muscles, to help direct sperm or eggs into the correct ducts.
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Suzuki's photographs were highly acclaimed and he won an award for them in 1877, and in 1889 he and Maruki Riyō were commissioned to photograph Emperor Meiji and his wife. Purchasers of his works were mostly foreign residents and visitors, and in addition to sales from his own studio, Suzuki's photographs were distributed by Sargent, Farsari & Co.Bennett, PiJ, 169; OJP, 233. His studio was advertised as early as 1880, in Keeling's Guide to Japan, and subsequently in the Japan Directory until 1908, offering daguerreotypes, photographs (including large format hand-coloured albumen prints), and Suzuki's innovation of photographs printed on porcelain, the latter selling for 12 yen each.Bennett, OJP, 236, 253, 274; PiJ, 171.
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When Swiss photographer Pierre Rossier arrived in Japan in 1858 on a commission from Negretti and Zambra, Maeda was instructed to assist and accompany him and to further learn photography. Maeda and other students escorted Rossier around Nagasaki, while the latter took photographs of priests, beggars, the audience of a sumo match, the foreign settlement, and the group portrait of Alexander von Siebold and samurai. Rossier believed that Pompe van Meerdervoort's failures in photography were due to a lack of the necessary chemicals and so he provided Maeda with a letter of recommendation to procure photographic apparatus and chemicals from a source in Shanghai. Both Maeda and Furukawa bought lenses, chemicals and albumen paper through Rossier.
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Albumen print of Lord and Lady Amberley made by William Notman in Montreal in 1867 and currently owned by McCord Museum Viscountess Amberley was the penultimate child of the politician Edward Stanley, 2nd Baron Stanley of Alderley, and the women's education campaigner Henrietta Stanley, Baroness Stanley of Alderley. Her nine siblings included Rosalind Howard, Countess of Carlisle, another suffragist, and Maude Stanley, a youth work pioneer. On 8 November 1864, she married John Russell, Viscount Amberley, the son of the former prime minister John Russell, 1st Earl Russell, and his wife Frances. Their first child, John Francis Stanley, was born the next year and followed by twins, Rachel Lucretia and her stillborn sister, in 1868.
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Claude Félix Abel Niépce de Saint-Victor (1805-1870) Claude Félix Abel Niépce de Saint-Victor (26 July 1805, Saint-Cyr, Saône-et-Loire – 7 April 1870, Paris) was a French photographic inventor. An army lieutenant and cousin of Nicéphore Niépce, he first experimented in 1847 with negatives made with albumen on glass, a method subsequently used by the Langenheim brothers for their lantern slides. At his laboratory near Paris, Niépce de Saint-Victor worked on the fixation of natural photographic colour as well as the perfection of his cousin's heliographic process for photomechanical printing. His method of photomechanical printing, called heliogravure, was published in 1856 in Traité pratique de gravure héliographique.
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Williams (1995) p. 217 A fertile macaroni penguin will lay two eggs each breeding season. The first egg to be laid weighs , 61–64% the size of the second, and is extremely unlikely to survive. The two eggs together weigh 4.8% of the mother's body weight; the composition of an egg is 20% yolk, 66% albumen, and 14% shell.Williams (1995) p. 218 Like those of other penguin species, the shell is relatively thick to minimise risk of breakage, and the yolk is large, which is associated with chicks born in an advanced stage of development.Williams (1995) p. 24 Some of the yolk remains at hatching and is consumed by the chick in its first few days.
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The photographic prints in the collection are mainly albumen and silver gelatin prints, on both printed and developed out paper. They consist of portraits, landscapes and architectural images and views of the Indian subcontinent by established photographers or studios such as Lala Deen Dayal, Jonston & Hoffman and Bourne & Shepherd. The glass plate negatives are primarily the work of Maharaja Sawai Ram Singh II or his studio – the tasveerkhana – and are wet collodion plates, which was the dominant technology in use from the 1850s–1880s. The bulk of the negatives in the collection are portraits, but they also include numerous landscapes of Jaipur and Amber and art objects such as paintings and sword hilts.
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The Pinetum Britannicum, a descriptive account of hardy coniferous trees cultivated in Great Britain. Edinburgh and London: Ballantyne, Hanson & Co., for W. Blackwood & Sons, [1863]-1884\. Hand-coloured lithographic plates by William Richardson, James Black, R.K. Greville, and J. Wallace, lithographed by A. Murray, Robert Black, Fr. Schenk, J. M'Nab and M.T. Masters, 4 mounted albumen photographs by F. Mason, one lithographic plate of maps, and numerous wood-engraved text illustrations Lot 54: RAVENSCROFT, Edward James (1816-1890). The Pinetum Britannicum, a descriptive account of hardy coniferous trees cultivated in Great Britain. Edinburgh and London: Ballantyne, Hanson & Co., for W. Blackwood & Sons, and the author, [1863]-1884. - Featured on Artfact.com This botanist is denoted by the author abbreviation Ravenscr.
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Eventually Charles Harper Bennett made the first gelatin dry plates for sale; before long the emulsion could be coated on celluloid roll film. Dry plates had been tried before: and had no effect silver nitrate with a binder of albumen - derived from egg white, and widely used in printing-out paper in the nineteenth century - had been coated on glass; but these proved to be too insensitive for camera use. Gelatin had also been suggested by photo-theorist and color pioneer Thomas Sutton, and the substance would also have been known to Maddox - himself an eminent microscope practitioner - through its use as a holding/preserving base used in microscope slides. Initially Maddox tried other bases.
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Albumen print of entrance, October 1858–1880, by Samuel McLaughlin. In the spring of 1847, a group of Protestant businessmen, shipbuilders, merchants, and clergy convened a public meeting to determine the possibility of buying land for a rural cemetery. Quebec City's original Anglican cemetery, located adjacent to Saint Matthew's Church on Saint John Street () had reached its capacity and city officials requested that a new Protestant cemetery be established outside of the city limits. With aid from the lumber merchant John Gilmour, a prominent member of the local Protestant community, as well as a member of first municipal council of Sillery, the Quebec Protestant Cemetery Association was formed on February 11, 1848.
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Man leading oxcart with cotton to cotton gin, one child riding ox, others in cart, circa 1870–1885, albumen print, New York Public Library Palmer specialized in photographs of the African-American community. He took family and personal portraits as well as images of their homes and scenes from cotton fields and other locations where they worked. Palmer's stereographs of the lives of African-Americans at work are important as they provide important information about how both white South Carolinians and African-Americans adjusted to the new reality. In 1864, he advertised this collection as illustrative of "Southern plantation life" in The Philadelphia Photographer. In 1866, Palmer moved to Savannah, Georgia where he worked as a photographer.
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At that time, African Americans who were freed from slavery due to the Emancipation Proclamation (1863) or who had been soldiers fighting for their freedom during the Civil War tried to assimilate into a society that did not welcome them. Schools and churches were established to provided a means to gain education by people of all ages and establish places of worship. During this period, citizenship of African-Americans was to be resolved, but they had the right to vote, purchase property, and gain employment. We are all, all hue, circa 1870–1885, albumen print, New York Public Library Most photographers at that time were uninterested in photographing African-Americans for a variety of financial and social reasons.
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In 1862, the General Secretary of East Indies Alexis Loudon invited van Kinsbergen to join the government mission to Siam (present day Thailand) in February 1862 to cover the 1860 Treaty of Friendship, Trade and Navigation between the Netherlands and Siam. It was van Kinsbergen's first government assignment and he used the occasion to capture a number of curiosities in the country. During that period, the Batavia Society of Arts and Sciences, whose main interests were in archaeological research and conservation, became interested in the newly invented albumen print medium. The society felt that the world should know more about Javanese culture as expressed in the old inscriptions, statues, customs and temples.
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Monochrome (black and white) photography was first exemplified by the daguerreotype in 1839 and later improved by other methods including: calotype, ambrotype, tintype, albumen print and gelatin silver print. The majority of photography remained monochrome until the mid-20th century, although experiments were producing colour photography as early as 1855 and some photographic processes produced images with an inherent overall colour like the blue of cyanotypes. In an attempt to create more realistic images, photographers and artists would hand-colour monochrome photographs. The first hand-coloured daguerreotypes are attributed to Swiss painter and printmaker Johann Baptist Isenring, who used a mixture of gum arabic and pigments to colour daguerreotypes soon after their invention in 1839.
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Permanent British settlement at the Rockhampton township began in July 1856, when Richard Palmer travelled from Gladstone with an escort of Native Police under sub-Lieutenant Walter Powell to set up a store. Powell arrived at the site first and constructed the Native Police barracks. This was the first habitable British building established at Rockhampton and it was located on the south bank of the Fitzroy River at the end of Albert Street. Overpainted albumen print of Aborigines and gold diggers near Rockhampton, around the 1860s, National Library of Australia With abundant grazing lands and waters from the Fitzroy River and its many tributaries and lagoons, the region continued to expand rapidly.
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The front cover of the album, embossed with Mrs Cameron’s Photographs from the Life and bound in red morocco leather. Mrs. Cameron's Photographs from the Life, commonly known as The Norman Album, is a photograph album of portraits compiled between 1864 and 1869 by British photographer Julia Margaret Cameron. Comprising 74 albumen prints it was presented as a gift to her daughter Julia Hay Norman, and son-in-law Charles Norman in gratitude at their having introduced her to photography by giving her her first camera. The dedication reads: Described as a "complete record of the intellectual aristocracy of the 1860s" notable portraits included are John Herschel, Alfred Tennyson, Charles Darwin, Henry Taylor, Benjamin Jowett, Prince Alemayehu of Ethiopia, and Julia Jackson (who was also Cameron's niece).
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As in Battlefield 1, the single-player campaign is divided into an introduction followed by episodic War Stories, three of which were available at launch: "Nordlys" takes place from the point-of-view of a Norwegian resistance fighter taking part in the sabotage of the German nuclear program, "Tirailleur" tells the story of a Senegalese Tirailleur during Operation Dragoon, and "Under No Flag" puts the player in the shoes of Billy Bridger, a convicted bank robber and explosives expert conscripted into the Special Boat Service to take part in Operation Albumen. The fourth campaign, "The Last Tiger," was released on December 5, 2018, which depicts the struggles of a German Tiger I tank crew during the Ruhr Pocket in the closing days of the war.
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In 1850, he developed and introduced the albumen paper printing technique, which became the staple process of the soon to be popular carte de visite type of photo prints.Louis-desire Blanquart-evrard (1802-1872) Artwork Images, Exhibitions, Reviews In September 1851 in Lille, France, with Hippolyte Fockedey, he started the Imprimerie Photographique de Lille, which was the first large scale printing company to employ a large number of employees. Blanquart-Évrard introduced to public the work of many pioneering European photographers, such as Édouard Loydreau (1820-1905), Charles Marville (1813-1879), Ernest Benecke (1817-1894), Thomas Sutton (1819-1875), and Maxime Du Camp (1822-1894). In the 1850s he became known for publishing John Stewart's views of the Pyrenees and Auguste Saltzmann's views of Jerusalem.
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Jan D. Hodge in The Bard Double-Dactyled and Other Odd Pieces includes several pieces in this stanza form. His version of “Humpty Dumpty” begins: :As Humpty was sitting :upon a partition, :he misplaced his balance :and suffered a fall. :A sodden, unsightly :reorganization :of yolk and albumen :appeared by the wall. Here is the seventh stanza of his rendering of Hamlet: :Laertes returns to :avenge his dead father :and finds his dear sister :half out of her mind, :her life in all senses :deteriorating: :her father’s been killed and :her lover’s unkind. and his Taming of the Shrew concludes: :The husbands’ last wager :provides us a further :and fitting reversal :confirming this view; :the contest makes clear the :identification :we’d always suspected— :Bianca’s the shrew.
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Barnard, besides doing portraits and photographing the troops around Washington D.C., was among Brady's initial corps of photographers, who were sent into the field to photograph the battlefields of Northern Virginia, and the Peninsula, including Bull Run and Yorktown, as well as Harper's Ferry. Barnard is best known for his 1866 masterpiece, Photographic Views of Sherman's Campaign, which contains 61 Imperial size, albumen prints embracing scenes from the occupation of Nashville, the great battles around Chattanooga and Lookout Mountain, the campaign of Atlanta, the Great March to the Sea, and the Great Raid through the Carolinas. He continued to photograph after the war, operating studios in Charleston, S.C. and Chicago. His Chicago studio was destroyed by the historic fire of 1871.
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The MSHWR included numerous statistical summaries relating to diseases, wounds, and deaths in both the Union and Confederate armies, almost all of the material formed from the reports of U.S. Army medical directors, surgeons, doctors, and hospital staff. The accounts are a basic source for medical data on the War and also comprise an important source of information relating to individual soldiers. The names of the surgeons who submitted these case studies are almost always included, so the books can be helpful in tracking where an individual surgeon was at various times. Hundreds of etchings, wood engravings, charts, and tables, as well as many photographs and color plates (lithographs, chromolithographs, albumen photographs, heliotypes, and woodburytypes) accompany the approximately 3,000 pages of densely printed text.
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Born in Fort Myers, Florida, he attended the University of Florida, Gainesville, where he studied under Jerry Uelsmann, Ken Kerslake and Jack NicholsenAnnual Report, University of Florida, Gainesville, 2007-2008, "Highlighted Acquisitions," p. 5. Fichter donated an artwork, Baby Gene Pool's First Photograph (a lithograph with inset albumen print) to the university "...in honor of my University of Florida teachers, Ken Kerslake, Jerry Uelsmann and Jack Nichelson." and received his Bachelor of Fine Arts in 1963. He continued his studies under Henry Holmes Smith at Indiana University Bloomington earning a Masters of Fine Arts in 1966. In 1966, Fichter moved to Rochester, New York and worked as an Assistant Curator of Exhibitions at George Eastman House International Museum of Photography working under Nathan Lyons.
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Previous attempts to produce such fermented protein foodstuffs were thwarted by excessive levels of DNA or RNA; without the heat treatment, purines, found in nucleic acids, are metabolised by humans to produce uric acid, which can lead to gout. The product is dried and mixed with egg albumen, which acts as a binder. It is then textured, giving it some of the grained character of meat, and pressed into a mince resembling ground beef; forms resembling chicken breasts, meatballs, and turkey roasts; or chunks resembling diced chicken breast. In these forms, Quorn has a varying colour and a mild flavour resembling the imitated meat product, and is suitable for use as a replacement for meat in many dishes, such as stews and casseroles.
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Gupolo, guardian of Sewu temple, sculpture (780 - 790 AD) near Prambanan, Central Java, in an albumen photo print by Isidore Von Kinsbergen (circa 1863-1868) Isidore Van Kinsbergen, Asia-Pacific Photography Gupolo () is a guardian figure at the Sewu Buddhist temple near Prambanan in Java, Indonesia. It is an example of a Dvarapala figure. According to legend Prambanan was ruled by a giant king called Ratu Boko who a daughter Princess Jonggrang and an adopted son Raden Gupolo whose father had been killed on orders from the king of Pengging. According to another version of the legend about the ancient kingdoms of Pengging and Boko, Boko was ruled by a cruel man-eating giant named Prabu Boko, supported by another giant Patih Gupolo.
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27, 117, 241 Brady's early images were daguerreotypes, and he won many awards for his work; in the 1850s ambrotype photography became popular, which gave way to the albumen print, a paper photograph produced from large glass negatives most commonly used in the American Civil War photography. In 1850, Brady produced The Gallery of Illustrious Americans, a portrait collection of prominent contemporary figures. The album, which featured noteworthy images including the elderly Andrew Jackson at the Hermitage, was not financially rewarding but invited increased attention to Brady's work and artistry. In 1854, Parisian photographer André-Adolphe-Eugène Disdéri popularized the carte de visite and these small pictures (the size of a visiting card) rapidly became a popular novelty; thousands were created and sold in the United States and Europe.
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Prout was born in Horton, Gloucestershire in 1785 and educated at 17 years of age by a clergyman, followed by the Redland Academy at Bristol and Edinburgh University, where he graduated in 1811 with an MD. His professional life was spent as a practising physician in London, but he also occupied himself with chemical research. He was an active worker in biological chemistry and carried out many analyses of the secretions of living organisms, which he believed were produced by the breakdown of bodily tissues. In 1823, he discovered that stomach juices contain hydrochloric acid, which can be separated from gastric juice by distillation. In 1827, he proposed the classification of substances in food into sugars and starches, oily bodies, and albumen, which would later become known as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
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Cover page to the medical bulletin that first reported Desbouvrie's claimed discovery of a preventive cure for hangovers In 1888 the Bulletin de l'academie de medicine (Bulletin of the Academy of Medicine) published a report that Desbouvrie had sent them a manuscript and requested verification of an invention he claimed to have made. He called it was a matter of public health to counter the effects of chronic alcoholism. According to the report, which was republished in English in summary form in the Medical Record and the Cincinnati Lancet-clinic, Desbouvrie had attempted a preventive cure for hangovers. Desbouvrie asserted that the cure required eating albumen and fat in appropriate proportions one hour before alcohol consumption, and had invented a chocolate which he claimed contained both ingredients in an effective ratio.
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The Edinburgh Calotype Club continued meeting until sometime in the 1850s; although the exact date when it ceased to exist is not known, curators at the National Library of Scotland suggest that it was likely around the mid 1850s, "when the albumen and collodion processes superseded the calotype... The Edinburgh Calotype Club had, in a sense, outlived its usefulness." The development of newer photographic technologies meant that photography was opened to a wider audience, and "spread like wildfire over the country." Some members of the Club, in particular David Brewster, George Moir and Cosmo Innes, went on to become active in the later Photographic Society of Scotland that was founded in 1856. Brewster became the President of the Photographic Society of Scotland, Moir one of its two vice presidents, and Innes a council member.
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Williams' third and perhaps best-known series, "Scenes in Our Village," has recently been brought back into modern light by Dr. Brian May and Elena Vidal as the subject of their book, A Village Lost and Found. This was a series of fifty-nine hand-coloured albumen prints on cards similar in shape and size to a modern postcard, containing images of village life ranging from idyllic scenes of trees and brooks to scenes of gossip or marriage proposals, children posing for portraits or sleeping, cottages, bridges, granaries and other buildings. The pairs of photographs on the card may be viewed with a stereoscope to produce a vivid and clear three- dimensional image. While viewing Williams' work, it seems one could walk right into the picture and turn the corner around the lane.
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The area of introduction can be exactly circumscribed by cutting a hole in a sheet of adhesive plaster which is applied to the skin and on which the electrolytic electrodes are pressed. The great advantage of electrolytic methods is that it enables general treatment to be replaced by a strictly local treatment, and the cells can be saturated exactly to the degree and depth required. Strong antiseptics and materials that coagulate albumen cannot be introduced locally by ordinary methods, as the skin is impermeable to them, but by electrolysis they can be introduced to the exact depth required. The local effects of the ions depend on the dosage; thus a feeble dose of the ions of zinc stimulates the growth of hair, but a stronger dose produces the death of the tissue.
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For the man lynched in Kentucky see Lynchings of Benjamin and Mollie French French's wife, Elizabeth Richardson French View of the Benjamin Brown French School in southeastern Washington D.C. Benjamin Brown French (1800 - 1870) was a politician, telegraph business leader, Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, and Public Commissioner of Buildings in Washington, D.C. He was a member of the New Hampshire legislature from 1831 until 1833. He moved to Washington, D.C., where he served as Clerk of the United States House of Representatives from 1845 until 1847 and was appointed Commissioner of Public Buildings. He compiled an album of salt print and albumen print photographs related to construction of the Capitol dome and other sites. He was also involved in the burgeoning telegraph industry developed by Samuel Morse and others.
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Henri Le Secq and "Le Stryge" on Notre Dame de Paris, photographed by Nègre in 1853 Charles Nègre (; 9 May 1820 – 16 January 1880) was a pioneering photographer, born in Grasse, France. He studied under the painters Paul Delaroche, Ingres and Drolling before establishing his own studio at 21 Quai Bourbon on the Île Saint-Louis, Paris. Delaroche encouraged the use of photography as research for painting; Nègre started with the daguerreotype process before moving on to calotypes. His "Chimney-Sweeps Walking", an albumen print taken on the Quai Bourbon in 1851, may have been a staged study for a painting, but is nevertheless considered important to photographic history for its being an early instance of an interest in capturing movement and freezing it forever in one moment.
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Torii and lake. Albumen silver print, between 1860 and 1900. After his time working for the Tsu Domain in Edo, Ueno returned to Nagasaki, but finding that Pompe van Meerdervoort had left the country, he gave up , or the study of Western science. He decided to make a career as a photographer. In the autumn of 1862 Ueno opened a commercial photographic studio by the Nakashima River in Nagasaki and he also began importing cameras. At first the business was unsuccessful, but it gradually grew, allowing the studio to move to a large and well-lit building in 1882, becoming popular with Japanese and foreign notables and receiving mention in guidebooks, in Edmond Cotteau's Un touriste dans l'Extrême-Orient (1884) and in Pierre Loti's novel, Madame Chrysanthème (1887).
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The Albert Memorial faces the Royal Albert Hall, built several years after construction began on the Memorial. Albert Memorial shortly after its construction, albumen print, ca. 1876 The sculptor Henry Hugh Armstead coordinated this massive effort among many artists of the Royal Academy, including Thomas Thornycroft (carved the "Commerce" group), Patrick MacDowell (carved the "Europe" group, his last major work), John Bell (carved the "America" group), John Henry Foley (carved the "Asia" group and started the statue of Albert), William Theed (carved the "Africa" group), William Calder Marshall, James Redfern (carved the four Christian and four moral virtues including Fortitude'Albert Memorial: The memorial', Survey of London: volume 38: South Kensington Museums Area (1975), pp. 159–176. Date accessed: 20 February 2008.), John Lawlor (carved the "Engineering" group) and Henry Weekes (carved the "Manufactures" group).
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This tragic event ended his successful commercial career, but he decided to persist in photography and started to explore techniques from the 19th century for fine art photography, using friends and family as assistants. Since then Dugdale has worked with large format cameras, creating cyanotype prints, platinum prints - using the albumen process which became the dominant form of photographic positives from 1855 to the turn of the 20th century. His sensibility for bygone techniques emphasizes the poetics of his work and the transcendence of time and place, seemingly transporting the imagery to a different era. A quote of the nearly blind photographer: “The mind is the essence of your sight. It’s really the mind that sees.” Dugdale has exhibited in over 25 solo shows in galleries all over the world.
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Portrait of a Siamese woman, c. 1861\. Albumen silver print. In 1861, Rossier was in Siam, where he assisted the French zoologist Firmin Bocourt by taking ethnographic portraits for the latter's scientific expedition of 1861–1862, and in 1863, Negretti and Zambra issued a series of 30 stereographic portraits and landscapes taken in Siam that are almost certainly the work of Rossier. In February 1862, Rossier was again in Shanghai, where he sold his cameras and other photographic equipment before embarking for Europe.The equipment listed in the advertisement include: a patent mahogany folding camera, a Ross portrait lens, and a Ross landscape lens – all in a portable case, a portable mahogany tripod, a travelling case "with all the necessary apparatus," a large fresh supply of chemicals ("just received from London"), and two practical works on photography (Bennett PiJ, 49).
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Circumcision being performed in central Asia (probably Turkestan), c. 1865–1872. Restored albumen print. The Quran itself does not mention circumcision explicitly in any verse. In the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, both male and female circumcision were carried out by Pagan Arabian tribes, and male circumcision by the Jewish tribes of Arabia for religious reasons.W. La Barre, The Ghost Dance, London, 1972 This has also been attested by the Muslim scholar al-Jahiz,Volume II of al-Hayawan by Jahiz, ed. A. M. Harun, 7 vols., Cairo, 1938 as well as by the Roman Jewish historian Flavius Josephus.The Works of Flavius Josephus, translated by W. Whiston, 2 vols., London, 1858 According to some hadiths, Muhammad was born without a foreskin (aposthetic), while others maintain that his grandfather, Abd al-Muttalib, circumcised him when he was seven days old.
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The mark of Pierre Rossier's photographic studio in Fribourg Pierre Joseph Rossier (16 July 1829 – 22 October 1886) was a pioneering Swiss photographer whose albumen photographs, which include stereographs and cartes-de-visite, comprise portraits, cityscapes, and landscapes. He was commissioned by the London firm of Negretti and Zambra to travel to Asia and document the progress of the Anglo-French troops in the Second Opium War and, although he failed to join that military expedition, he remained in Asia for several years, producing the first commercial photographs of China, the Philippines, Japan and Siam (now Thailand). He was the first professional photographer in Japan, where he trained Ueno Hikoma, Maeda Genzō, Horie Kuwajirō, as well as lesser known members of the first generation of Japanese photographers. In Switzerland he established photographic studios in Fribourg and Einsiedeln, and he also produced images elsewhere in the country.
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He developed a thriving business in portraiture and "fancy" parlor busts, but he also devoted his time to creating life-size, full-figure ideal subjects, many of which were also isolated as a bust. In 1839 his statue of Eve won the admiration of the leading European neoclassical sculptor, Bertel Thorvaldsen. Longworth Powers, Hiram Powers and William Cullen Bryant, 1867, albumen print, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, Department of Image Collections In 1843 Powers produced his most celebrated statue, The Greek Slave, which at once gave him a place among the leading sculptors of his time. It attracted more than 100,000 viewers when it toured America in 1847; and in 1851 was exhibited in Britain (along with the Fisher Boy, his other very famous statue, mentioned below) at the center of the Crystal Palace Exhibition, when Elizabeth Barrett Browning wrote a sonnet on it.
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Filippos Margaritis (date unknown) Filippos Margaritis (1810–1892) is generally acknowledged to have been the first Greek photographer, whose earliest daguerreotypes, of the Acropolis of Athens, date from 1847. Having studied painting in lithography in Paris, he opened a studio in [Athens] in 1837 and began teaching at the School of Fine Arts in 1842. He learned the techniques of the daguerreotypes from the French photographer Philibert Perraud who arrived in Greece in 1847, and in turn passed on his knowledge to the students of Athens Polytechnic around 1850. Later, he moved on to producing calotypes and albumen prints on paper, including views of the antiquities of Athens as well as formal portraits of Athenian society including members of the courts of King Otto and his successor George I. He travelled abroad frequently, often to exhibit his work at international exhibitions and fairs. He died in his sister’s home in Würzburg on 1 April 1892.
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One highlight of the building of the collection over three decades was the acquisition of an album of 56 albumen prints by Felice Beato, which included some of the earliest photographic images of China, at an auction in Pennsylvania in 2014. The Great Imperial Palace Before the Burning, Beijing, 1860. Photograph by Felice Beato – The Stephan Loewentheil Historical Photography of China Collection The collection, numbering more than 15,000 photographs, includes work from both international and Chinese photographers, among them Italian-born Felice Beato; British expatriates Thomas Child and William Saunders; Scottish traveling photographer John Thomson; and native Chinese photographers Pun Lun, Lai Afong and Tung Hing, among many others. The Stephan Loewentheil Historical Photography of China Collection has been exhibited both in the United States and abroad. The Collection's extensive holdings of early Peking photographs by Thomas Child were exhibited in November 2015 at the China Exchange in London, and in 2016 at the Sidney Mishkin Gallery at Baruch College in New York.
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Clara Ward and her second husband, Rigó Jancsi, from a photograph on a German postcard from about 1905 A French albumen print of Ward, wearing a flesh-colored bodystocking and holding a mirror aloft, from about 1905 Some time after the birth of their second child, in early November 1896, the Prince and Princess Chimay were dining in Paris, at what may be expected to have been a suitably elegant establishment. Present at the restaurant was a Hungarian, Rigó Jancsi, who eked out a living providing Gypsy music. (Being Hungarian, "Rigó" was the gentleman's family name meaning "blackbird", and "Jancsi" his given name − it is the Hungarian version of "Johnny".) Rigó was a Gypsy violinist (he is sometimes listed as a chef but it is not true.) After a series of secret meetings, Ward and Rigó eloped in December 1896. To her family's consternation, the Ludington Record of 24 December 1896 carried a news service dispatch about the elopement with a woodcut illustration of Ward and the headline "Gone With a Gypsy".
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A typical example given by Lloyd showed that a larva of a size at the upper limit of what the trap could manage would be ingested stage by stage over the course of about twenty-four hours; but that the head, being rigid, would often prove too large for the mouth of the trap and would remain outside, plugging the door. When this happened, the trap evidently formed an effective seal with the head of the larva as it could still excrete water and become flattened, but it would nevertheless die within about ten days "evidently due to overfeeding". Softer-bodied prey of the same size such as small tadpoles could be ingested completely, because they have no rigid parts and the head, although capable of plugging the door for a time, will soften and yield and finally be drawn in. Very thin strands of albumen could be soft and fine enough to allow the trapdoor to close completely; these would not be drawn in any further unless the trigger hairs were indeed stimulated again.
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Glass plate collodion negatives used to make prints on albumen paper soon became the preferred photographic method and held that position for many years, even after the introduction of the more convenient gelatin process in 1871. Refinements of the gelatin process have remained the primary black-and-white photographic process to this day, differing primarily in the sensitivity of the emulsion and the support material used, which was originally glass, then a variety of flexible plastic films, along with various types of paper for the final prints. Color photography is almost as old as black-and-white, with early experiments including John Herschel's Anthotype prints in 1842, the pioneering work of Louis Ducos du Hauron in the 1860s, and the Lippmann process unveiled in 1891, but for many years color photography remained little more than a laboratory curiosity. It first became a widespread commercial reality with the introduction of Autochrome plates in 1907, but the plates were very expensive and not suitable for casual snapshot-taking with hand-held cameras.
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Woman playing a shamisen, 1860s, hand-coloured albumen silver print by Felice Beato While genre painting began, in the 17th century, with representations by Europeans of European life, the invention and early development of photography coincided with the most expansive and aggressive era of European imperialism, in the mid-to-late 19th century, and so genre photographs, typically made in the proximity of military, scientific and commercial expeditions, often also depict the people of other cultures that Europeans encountered throughout the world. Although the distinctions are not clear, genre works should be distinguished from ethnographic studies, which are pictorial representations resulting from direct observation and descriptive study of the culture and way of life of particular societies, and which constitute one class of products of such disciplines as anthropology and the behavioural sciences. The development of photographic technology to make cameras portable and exposures instantaneous enabled photographers to venture beyond the studio to follow other art forms in the depiction of everyday life. This category has come to be known as street photography.
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After the opening of Ueno Studio and Shimooka Studio, around the turning point between Edo Era and Meiji Era (1868), several new photo studios were opened, such as that of Kuichi Uchida (1844–1875, 内田九一) in 1865 in Osaka and in 1866 moved to Yokohama, that of Yohei Hori (or HORI Masumi, 1826–1880, 堀与兵衛 (堀真澄)) in 1865 in Kyoto, that of Kōkichi Kizu (1830–1895, 木津幸吉) in 1866 in Hakodate, that of Rihei Tomishige (1837–1922, 冨重利平) in Yanagawa, Chikugo in 1866 and that of Yokoyama Matsusaburō (1838–1884, 横山松三郎). Portrait of the Meiji Emperor (御真影) by Uchida Kuichi, 1873. Albumen silver print Among these photographers (Shishin-shi, 写真師), Uchida Kuichi is most famous for his photographs of Meiji Emperor (明治天皇) in 1872 and 1873, which photographs have been called Goshin'ei (御真影) and were used as public portraits of Meiji Emperor. "真(shin)" means "true" and "影(ei)" means "(photographic) image" or "portrait" and "御(go)" means honorific prefix for "真影".
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Circumcision being performed in central Asia (probably Turkestan, c. 1865–1872. Restored albumen print. The origin of circumcision is not known with certainty. It has been variously proposed that it began :as a religious sacrifice; :as a rite of passage marking a boy's entrance into adulthood; :as a form of sympathetic magic to ensure virility or fertility; :as a means of reducing sexual pleasure; :as an aid to hygiene where regular bathing was impractical; :as a means of marking those of higher social status; :as a means of humiliating enemies and slaves by symbolic castration; :as a means of differentiating a circumcising group from their non-circumcising neighbors; :as a means of discouraging masturbation or other socially proscribed sexual behaviors; :as a means of increasing a man's attractiveness to women; :as a demonstration of one's ability to endure pain; :as a male counterpart to menstruation or the breaking of the hymen; :to copy the rare natural occurrence of a missing foreskin of an important leader; :as a way to repel demonesses;Alphabet of Ben Sirah, Question #5 (23a–b) and/or :as a display of disgust of the smegma produced by the foreskin.
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The North British Review reflected evangelical Presbyterian willingness to consider science in relation to "Reason and not to Faith" and to view natural law as directly guided by God, but warned that "If it has been revealed to man that the Almighty made him out of the dust of the earth, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, it is in vain to tell a Christian that man was originally a speck of albumen, and passed through the stages of monads and monkeys, before he attained his present intellectual pre-eminence." Many women admired the book, and "It would augur ill for the rising generation if the mothers of England were infected with the errors of Phrenology: it would augur worse were they tainted with materialism." Chambers planned one more "edition for the higher classes and for libraries", extensively revised to deal with errors and incorporate the latest science, such as the detail of the Orion Nebula revealed by Lord Rosse's giant telescope. Use of generous spacing and the additional text extended the book by 20%, and the price had to be increased from 7s.6d.
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Joseph Cundall, albumen carte-de-visite, 1860s Joseph Cundall (22 September 1818 Norwich – 10 January 1895 Wallington, London), was a Victorian English writer under the pseudonym of "Stephen Percy", a pioneer photographer and London publisher of children's books. He provided employment for many of the best artists of the day by using them as illustrators. Joseph was the son of Eliza and Benjamin Cundall, a draper. He trained as a printer in Ipswich, and aged 16 found work in London with Charles Tilt, a bookseller and publisher. He wrote two books for Tilt and succeeded N Hailes in 1841 at the Juvenile Library, 12 Old Bond Street. In 1848 he started a lending library for children called St. George's Reading Library. In 1843 Cundall became publisher of the Home Treasury children's books, a series conceived and edited by Henry Cole under the pseudonym Felix Summerly. Cole, who was later knighted, became the first director of South Kensington Museum which later changed its name to the Victoria and Albert Museum. Because of his association with Henry Cole, his early business ventures were successful, but by 1849 he had gone bankrupt. During the same year he started a partnership with H M Addey and moved his business premises to 21 Old Bond Street.
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