Aristotle and Socrates debated the nature of "akrasia" — our tendency to do things against our interests.
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Procrastination is also derived from the ancient Greek word akrasia — doing something against our better judgment.
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At one point their discussion turns to the topic of what the Greeks called akrasia: acting against one's best judgment.
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For Aristotle, the antonym of akrasia is enkrateia, which means "in power" (over oneself). The word akrasia occurs twice in the Koine Greek New Testament. In Jesus uses it to describe hypocritical religious leaders, translated "self-indulgence" in several translations, including the English Standard version. Paul the Apostle also gives the threat of temptation through akrasia as a reason for a husband and wife to not deprive each other of sex ().
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Acrasia is itself a play on the Greek akrasia that describes loss of free will.
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Akrasia (; Greek , "lacking command"), occasionally transliterated as acrasia or Anglicised as acrasy or acracy, is described as a lack of self-control or the state of acting against one's better judgment. The adjectival form is "akratic".Although this philosopher's technical term is usually employed in its Greek form (i.e., akrasia/akratic) in English texts, it was once the philosophers' English language convention to use the precise English equivalent of akrasia/akratic, incontinence/incontinent.
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However, it now seems that the correct, widely established convention is to use the term akrasia.
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Given this material relationship between body and soul, Chrysippus emphasizes the need for bodily health, and advocates a plain, simple diet. Chrysippus discusses the passions by quoting Greek literature. Thus in his examination of anger he makes use of Euripides' Medea: Here Chrysippus explains Medea's anger in terms of akrasia: a word meaning weak-will or incontinence. Akrasia is not an irrational force within the soul, instead it is the mind identifying with a bad reason against one's better judgement.
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Incontinence ("a want of continence or self-restraint") is often used by philosophers to translate the Greek term Akrasia (ἀκρασία). Used to refer to a lacking in moderation or self-control, especially related to sexual desire,dictionary.com – incontinence incontinence may also be called wantonness.
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Portrait in marble of Socrates, who was an early investigator of akrasia The problem goes back at least as far as Plato. In Plato's Protagoras Socrates asks precisely how it is possible that, if one judges action A to be the best course of action, one would do anything other than A? In the dialogue Protagoras, Socrates attests that akrasia does not exist, claiming "No one goes willingly toward the bad" (358d). If a person examines a situation and decides to act in the way he determines to be best, he will pursue this action, as the best course is also the good course, i.e.
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Now, without recourse to appetitive desires, Aristotle reasons that akrasia occurs as a result of opinion. Opinion is formulated mentally in a way that may or may not imitate truth, while appetites are merely desires of the body. Thus, opinion is only incidentally aligned with or opposed to the good, making an akratic action the product of opinion instead of reason.
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Akrasia appeared later as a character in Spenser's The Faerie Queene, representing the incontinence of lust, followed in the next canto by a study of that of anger;Edmund Spenser, The Fairie Queen (1978) p. lxiv and as late as Jane Austen the sensibility of such figures as Marianne Dashwood would be treated as a form of (spiritual) incontinence.Claire Harman, Jane's Fame (2007) p.
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Acrasis rosea amoebae and spores under microscope The family Acrasidae (ICZN, or Acrasiomycota, ICBN) is a family of slime molds which belongs to the excavate group Percolozoa. The name element - comes from the Greek akrasia, meaning "acting against one's judgement". This group consists of cellular slime molds. Some would also consider it as a kingdom unto itself, but the debate is as yet unsettled.
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Kevin Wilson has been a game designer since the late 1990s. Wilson co-designed Alderac Entertainment Group's second role- playing game, 7th Sea (1998), with Jennifer Wick and John Wick. Wilson wrote the adventure Wonders Out of Time (2001), the sequel to Akrasia: Thief of Time (2001) from Eden Studios's "Eden Odyssey" series of adventures. Wilson is the co-designer of the Spycraft roleplaying game.
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David Chart authored Akrasia: Thief of Time (2001), the first in Eden Studios's "Eden Odyssey" series of adventures. Chart took over as Ars Magica Line Editor for Atlas Games in 2002. Chart oversaw the Ars Magica fifth edition rules in late 2004. Chart has actively worked to expand the pool of writers for Ars Magica with "open calls" which anyone can submit drafts for.
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Some people, despite intending to do the right thing, cannot act according to their own choice. For example, someone may choose to refrain from eating chocolate cake, but finds himself eating the cake contrary to his own choice. Such a failure to act in a way that is consistent with one's own decision is called "akrasia", and may be translated as weakness of will, incontinence, or lack of self-mastery.
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He then (§22) highlights the concept of akrasia (Latin: intemperamentia) as the source of the passions. Cicero then (§23–32) moves on to material which is drawn from the Therapeutics. It begins (§23) with a statement about how disturbances of the mind are like those of the body, and how the soul is disturbed by conflicting opinions. Cicero provides (§25–26) definitions and examples of the various passions.
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The name "Sugar Pine 7" refers to the name of the cabin the main group once stayed in. The first "season" of the series ended with a short film/sketch entitled "Akrasia." Rapidly gaining popularity, the show is often described as a blend of scripted comedy bits and improvisation. In early 2017, after working independently for several months, Sugar Pine 7 became a part of Rooster Teeth's multi-channel network called the Let's Play Network.
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In another passage (Rom. 7:15–25) Paul, without actually using the term akrasia, seems to reference the same psychological phenomenon in discussing the internal conflict between, on the one hand, "the law of God," which he equates with "the law of my mind"; and "another law in my members," identified with "the flesh, the law of sin." "For the good that I would do, I do not; but the evil which I would not, that I do." (v.
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In other words, he argued that it made no sense for someone to say, sincerely: "I ought to do X", and then fail to do X. This was identified by Frankena, Nobis and others as a major flaw in Hare's system, as it appeared to take no account of akrasia, or weakness of the will. Hare argued that the combination of universalizability and prescriptivity leads to a certain form of consequentialism, namely, preference utilitarianism. In brief, this means that we should act in such a way as to maximise the satisfaction of people's preferences.
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Prior to the release of the first FNS album, she produced and animated Santigold's husband Trevor Andrew aka Trouble Andrew's "I Think I Know You" video which premiered in 2015 through Elevator Music Magazine. Additionally, Trouble Andrew played one of his only live shows in 2015 at Baltimore venue "The Crown" which featured a 9 band bill in one evening. Fun Never Starts and a special guest appearance by Spank Rock. After self-releasing "United States of Akrasia" on cassette and bandcamp in 2016, she went through temporary musical lineups for her live shows.
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Plato, Phaedo, §57a, §71a Since Jung's modern recognition of it many centuries later, it has been actively portrayed in modern culture. For example, it has been applied to the subject of the film The Lives of Others, to show how one devoted to a communist regime breaks through his loyalty and emerges a humanist. In particular, Jung used the term to refer to the unconscious acting against the wishes of the conscious mind, updating the Greek concept of akrasia in modern psychological terms. (Aspects of the Masculine, chapter 7, paragraph 294).
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Psychologists also deal with issues of will and "willpower" the ability to affect will in behavior; some people are highly intrinsically motivated and do whatever seems best to them, while others are "weak-willed" and easily suggestible (extrinsically motivated) by society or outward inducement. Apparent failures of the will and volition have also been reported associated with a number of mental and neurological disorders. They also study the phenomenon of Akrasia, wherein people seemingly act against their best interests and know that they are doing so (for instance, restarting cigarette smoking after having intellectually decided to quit). Advocates of Sigmund Freud's psychology stress the importance of the influence of the unconscious mind upon the apparent conscious exercise of will.
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Chinese military general Han Xin purportedly created a commitment device for his soldiers: he placed them with their backs to a river to make sure they would fight. A commitment device is, according to journalist Stephen J. Dubner and economist Steven Levitt, a way to lock yourself into following a plan of action that you might not want to do but you know is good for you. In other words, a commitment device is a way to give yourself a reward or punishment to make an empty promise stronger and believable. A commitment device is a technique where someone makes it easier for themselves to avoid akrasia (acting against one's better judgment), particularly procrastination.
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Arpaly articulates a skeptical and deflationary view of the whole idea of autonomy, pointing out that at least eight separate notions of the idea of autonomy can be found in modern philosophical literature, and doubting that autonomy of any sort is needed for an action to be praiseworthy. One of the most significant contributions of Arpaly's book is simply that it lays out the flaws present in most former philosophical debate on the subject – the use of overly simple and unnuanced models in previous discussions of praiseworthiness. One of the central claims of Unprincipled Virtue is that the assistance that Huckleberry Finn renders to Jim is morally worthy even though Huck actively believes that he is doing something wrong, and that akrasia can sometimes be a more rational state than individual autonomy.
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