In 2007, Providence bought a 50% stake in Canal Digitaal in the Netherlands from Airbridge.
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In June 2014, prior to its sale, Providence and Airbridge took around €110m as a dividend.
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Private equity firm Astorg Partners acquired a majority stake in M7 in July 2014 from Providence and Airbridge, which maintained a significant minority stake in the company.
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The term loan refinanced an existing €250m term loan and increased it by €27m, which was used with €22009m of cash on balance sheet to pay the €175m dividend to Providence and Airbridge as they exited the company, the sources said.
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Retrieved on 4 February 2012. AirBridge Zrt was 51% owned by Kálmán Kiss and Magdolna Költő, two Hungarian individuals, and 49% owned by Boris Abramovich. Prior to 26 February 2010, AirBridge Zrt held 99.95% of Malév and minor shareholders held 0.05%.
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Airbridge is a British progressive rock band, based in Norwich, East Anglia. Initially active during the 1980s, the band spent a long period dormant but creative during the 1990s. Various attempts were made to revive Airbridge in the late 2000s before the band settled on a new three-piece lineup and finally released new material in 2013. Various Airbridge members have gone on to play in LaHost, Henry Fool and the live lineup of No-Man.
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The remaining 5% remained with AirBridge. In December 2010, the European Commission began an investigation into illegal government subsidies of Malév.
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The establishment of the airbridge revitalized the MPLA and is seen as a turning point in its consolidation of power in Angola.
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The Cuba–Angola airbridge (Portuguese: Ponte aérea Cuba-Angola) was an airbridge conducted in 1974 and 1975 to allow the arrival of Cuban troops and military equipment in Angola. Its goal was to support the MPLA political party, as part of a larger Cuban operation known as Operation Carlota. The airbridge allowed the entry of Cuban troops and military equipment in Angola to strengthen the weakened People's Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola (FAPLA), the military wing of the MPLA. The Cuban special troops and military equipment were initially transported from Cuba in two old four-engine Bristol Britannias by the Cuban national airline, Cubana de Aviación.
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Other examples are Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho and Vasco Gonçalves who visited Fidel Castro in the summer on 1975, just as the airbridge was reaching its peak.
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The group was active from about March to June 2003, charged with maintaining an airbridge at the base to transport supplies and people to United States Central Command area of responsibility.
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This album also remained unreleased (although some demo recordings were made available) and both Kristkova and Spencer left the project. In 2010 Bedini and Godfrey recruited a former Airbridge live sound technician, Dave Dowdeswell-Allaway to play drums and acoustic guitar. Dowdeswell-Allaway also brought additional singing, songwriting and guitar skills to the band. The three-piece Airbridge made their live debut at The Crypt in Norwich during the summer of 2012, followed by concerts in Roccalbegna, Italy.
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A new four-song Airbridge EP called Return (featuring songs composed by both Bedini and Dowdeswell-Allaway) was released on 12 July 2013. Due to illness, Sean Godfrey retired from bass playing and live performance in early 2013. His place was taken by Milli Bedini for an Italian gig in the summer of 2013, and he was replaced by Matt Gamble as full-time bassist and backing vocalist towards the end of that year. Performing existing Airbridge songs, Matt Gamble, Lorenzo Bedini and Dave Dowdeswell-Allaway performed at the Cambridge Rock Festival in August 2014.
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Airbridge is a Russian aircraft manufacturer based in Moscow. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of ultralight trikes.Bayerl, Robby; Martin Berkemeier; et al: World Directory of Leisure Aviation 2011-12, page 203. WDLA UK, Lancaster UK, 2011.
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The government of Hungary re-nationalized the airline on 26 February 2010, after Malev experienced changes in ownership and financial difficulties. The government held 95% of the airline while AirBridge Zrt held 5%."Malév ownership structure." Malév Hungarian Airlines. 26 May 2011.
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An airbridge connected to an Airbus A320. KKIA was the first airport in the Kingdom to install airbridges, to speed up handling and turnaround times. Each terminal has eight gates with airbridges effectively eliminating the need for bus journeys between the terminal buildings and waiting aircraft.
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In January 2009, Ballo Anatoly Borisovich became the chairman. On 18 March 2009, the Russian state- owned Vneshekonombank took a minority stake of 49% in AirBridge Zrt which held the shares of the struggling airline. The majority, 51%, remained in Hungarian ownership. The managing control would be taken by Russia's Aeroflot – Russian Airlines.
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Brodick Terminal Redevelopment - CMAL completed the redevelopment of Brodick ferry terminal. The redevelopment included an entirely new pier with linkspan and airbridge, a second berth with concrete ramp, a new two-storey terminal building with bus station and car marshalling space. The old linkspan was removed and the causeway transformed into an outdoor seating area.
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The successful defence of Demyansk was achieved by using an airbridge and was a significant development in modern warfare. Its success was a major contributor to the decision by the Army High Command to try the same tactic during the Battle of Stalingrad, but it then failed to save the Sixth Army, commanded by Paulus.
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The eastern section was closed in 1981. This line too had been largely dismantled. The section from Celle station to the military airfield in Wietzenbruch was operated by East Hanoverian Railways from 1998 until 2005. The track from Celle station to the Airbridge Memorial in Wietzenbruch and from there with a switchback to the airfield was lifted in 2007.
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Tobago Express was established in 2001. It was owned by BWIA, now Caribbean Airlines (45%) and private investors (55%). As of October 1, 2007, Tobago Express is owned (100%) by Caribbean Airlines. In September 2007, Caribbean Airlines acquired all the outstanding shares in Tobago Express and began operational management of the airbridge under its code from 1 October 2007.
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AirBridge acquired 99.9% of the airline in February 2007. It had 1,785 staff members, as of 31 December 2007. Despite Czech Airlines' offer to sponsor Malév as an associate member of the SkyTeam alliance, and MALÉV's codeshare agreements with several SkyTeam carriers, Malév joined Oneworld on 29 March 2007. On 12 July 2007, Lloyd Paxton was appointed CEO of MALÉV.
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The private equity firm Astorg acquired a majority of the company in July 2014 for EUR 350 million via its Fund V from Providence and Airbridge Investments. Providence is a Private Equity investment firm and Airbridge Investments is the holding company of executives Hans Wolfert and Cees Bohnenn. In December 2017 the company became fully owned by Astorg. The exit of minority shareholders took place at the time of an EUR 570 million debt refinancing which allowed to pay a dividend of EUR 175 million to the former shareholders. On 30 July 2014, its subsidiary M7 Deutschland bought the German B2B satellite platform Kabelkiosk from Eutelsat. In 2016 M7 Group closed the Hungarian satellite platform Hello HD. In December 2018 the company announced the purchase of Liberty Global's satellite operations located in Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Romania for EUR 180 million.
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Omskavia Tupolev Tu-154M at Stuttgart Airport in Germany Omskavia (Russian:ОмскА́виа) was an airline based in Omsk, Russia. It operated domestic and international scheduled and charter, passenger, cargo and mail services, as well as aircraft maintenance. Its main bases were Tsentralny Airport, Omsk, and Domodedovo International Airport, Moscow. The airline joined the AirBridge alliance in 2004, which was restructured as AiRUnion in the summer of 2005.
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On September 11, 2012, an Airbridge Cargo 747-8F experienced a major engine malfunction that spread a significant amount of metallic debris on the runway. Like in a similar event during pre-flight taxi tests, the low-pressure turbine shaft separated and moved the low-pressure turbine backward braking on surrounding hardware (by design to avoid turbine overspeed). The NTSB issued urgent safety recommendations to the FAA to require ultrasonic scans for midshaft fractures before use of GEnx engines and require repetitive on-wing inspections of the engine to detect cracks before it could reach a critical length.NTSB issues urgent recommendations for GEnx-1B and -2B engines On July 31, 2013, an Airbridge Cargo 747-8F experienced core engine icing that caused engine malfunctions and damage to three engines near Chengdu, China, while en route to Hong Kong; the aircraft landed safely at its destination.
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A less typical action was an airbridge from Moscow to the Stalingrad area in November 1942, to rapidly deliver anti-freeze coolant for tanks, during the battle of Stalingrad. The G-11 enjoyed relative success as a light transport glider design, having more capacity than the Antonov A-7, and its transport compartment was a better fit for cargo, although light guns could only be carried in parts due to small hatches.
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Willem de Kooning Academy building with adherent building (on the left). The Willem de Kooning Academy is located at Blaak 10 and Wijnhaven 61, two adherent buildings connected with an airbridge. Blaak 10 has always been regarded as the "home base" of the academy. Due to expansion and increase of students enrolling, the adherent Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences' building behind Wijnhaven 61) became entirely occupied by the academy in September 2007.
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Ten days later, on December 30, after she had left a screening of a porn movie, a 19-year-old student was attacked by Papachronis. He stabbed her in the cervix, but was seen by the girl's father, who was waiting for her, and fled. On January 15, 1982, Papachronis attacked a nurse while walking to the train station in Drama. He dragged her under the airbridge and knocked her out, trying to rape her.
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Demyansk Shield () was a World War II German military decoration awarded to military personnel who fought in the Demyansk pocket. It commemorated the successful defence of Demyansk, achieved through the use of an airbridge. The pocket of German troops had been encircled and cut off by the Red Army around Demyansk (Demjansk), south of Leningrad, during World War II on the Eastern Front. It was instituted on 25 April 1943 by Adolf Hitler.
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In 2002 a G-222 of the Italian Air Force made a hard landing after demonstrating a steep descent approach, also known as the "Sarajevo approach", developed for the airbridge for supplying Sarajevo during its blockade in the Bosnian War. After initial touch down the aircraft bounced up and came back heavily on the nose wheel, which then collapsed. Emergency services were soon at the scene as the crew strolled from the stricken aircraft.
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The acquisition was funded by a loan from RBSI. The aircraft were delivered in late 2019. In 2020, Darby led the company through the Covid-19 pandemic, developing tactics and initiatives aimed at helping the business remain operationally ready throughout the crisis. Recognising an opportunity, he was instrumental in developing an 'airbridge' between Covid-free Guernsey and Isle of Man - providing the opportunity for 7000 islanders to travel between the islands on short-break holidays.
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In August 1975, the MPLA requested direct assistance from the Soviet Union in the form of ground troops. The Soviets declined, offering to send advisers but no troops; however, Cuba was more forthcoming and in late September dispatched nearly five hundred combat personnel to Angola, along with sophisticated weaponry and supplies. By independence there were over a thousand Cuban soldiers in the country. They were kept supplied by a massive airbridge carried out with Soviet aircraft.
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Its main competitors on the Belgian digital television market (DVB-C) are Numericable and VOO in the Brussels region. Other competitors are Proximus TV IPTV and TV Vlaanderen Digitaal (DVB-S/DVB-T2), owned by Proximus and an Airbridge Investments -Providence Equity Partners consortium, in the Flanders and Brussels regions. Telenet and North American digital media & broadcasting company Vice Media both launched a local version of US TV channel Viceland (itself owned by Vice) in Belgium on 2 March 2017.
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The company traces its roots to the Krasnoyarsk-based Yenisey air wing, established by the Chief Directorate of the Northern Sea Route in May, 1934. The air wing eventually differentiated into traditional airline operations, and was as Krasnoyarsk Civil Aviation Directorate (1946–1982) and Krasnoyarsk Aviation Enterprize (1982–1993). In 1993 it was privatized with the state retaining 51% controlling share. Krasair. Quarterly report, Q2 2008 In October 2004 KrasAir and Domodedovo Airlines set up a joint management company called AirBridge.
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On 24 May 2011, Prime Minister Kamla Persad-Bissessar, at the one-year anniversary celebratory rally marking the election of her coalition government to power, announced that the airstrip will be upgraded initially to a domestic airport to serve the Trinidad-Tobago airbridge. If successful, the airport would be upgraded to a full-scale international airport. If upgraded, the airport will be the third international airport on the islands after Piarco International Airport in Trinidad and the Arthur Napoleon Raymond Robinson International Airport in Tobago.
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It is located to the east of Terminal 1 and is significantly bigger than the old one which continues to serve low-cost and charter airlines. From 16 January 2017 on Terminal 2 currently serves only one low-cost airline - Ryanair. For the first time in Bulgaria, a terminal has airbridge-equipped gates instead of relying on airside buses. At the eastern end of the Terminal, an end station for Line 1 of the Sofia Metro has been built under the name Sofia Airport Metro Station.
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Throughout the 1990s Bedini and Godfrey maintained their connection, continuing to record and compose as Airbridge, but no recordings were ever released beyond the demo stage. During the late 2000s, several attempts were made to formally revive the band. Godfrey and Bedini would record material together in 2008 for an album called Quiet Sky which was never released. In 2009 the duo recruited singer Pavla Kristkova and Cryptic Clues member Mark Spencer (the latter also a former member of LaHost and Twelfth Night) to record a new album called Mythica.
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It contains an American Airlines Admirals Club as well as a United Club. Airside 4 contains gates 70–99 and houses the airport's primary international arrivals facility. Gates 80-87 are capable of handling international arrivals, and gates 92, 94, and 96 are nearing completion to be used as "swing" gates. Gate 90 was updated in the summer of 2018 to be able to handle the Airbus A380, having two airbridges for the lower deck (gates 90A and 90B), and one airbridge for the upper deck (gate 90C).
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Memorial tablet at the foot of the airlift monument The Army aviation airfield (Heeresflugplatz Celle or Immelmann- Kaserne) in Celle-Wietzenbruch gained renown in the 1940s as one of the departure airfields for supply aircraft during the Berlin Airlift. This event is commemorated by the Airbridge Memorial at the entrance to the site initiated in 1985 by the then Celle town councillor, Karl Duffner, and opened in 1988. Today, the aerodrome is the location for the Bundeswehr's Army Aviation Training Centre C, as well as the 100th Aviation Reconnaissance Squadron (Heeresfliegerverbindungs- und Aufklärungsstaffel 100).
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Berlin quickly became the focal point of both US and Soviet efforts to re-align Europe to their respective visions. As Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov noted, "What happens to Berlin, happens to Germany; what happens to Germany, happens to Europe."Airbridge to Berlin, "Background on Conflict" chapter Berlin had suffered enormous damage; its prewar population of 4.3 million people was reduced to 2.8 million. After harsh treatment, forced emigration, political repression and the particularly hard winter of 1945–1946, Germans in the Soviet-controlled zone were hostile to Soviet endeavours.
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Maersk Rapier was is tasked with supplying fuel to the United Kingdoms various naval establishments at home and overseas. The vessel operates principally in the British, Atlantic and Mediterranean regions and provides aviation fuel to various RAF stations, including RAF Akrotiri in Cyprus, the airbridge connection at Ascension Island and Mount Pleasant in the Falklands. The MoD sub-charters the vessel (known as 3rd party trading) to commercial companies during rare periods where she is not in use for defence purposes.Hired Tankers Hansard Written Answers - House of Commons, publications.parliament.
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The airline was founded in 1999 and projected to operate air taxi, cargo and charter services covering Spain, Portugal and Morocco.Airlines Inform - Ryjet Most of its operations, however, were between Málaga and Melilla. By 2011 the airline established a kind of airbridge between the southern Spanish city and the Spanish possession on the Moroccan coast rising the amount of its flights to 108 per month. Ryjet made headlines in 2007 when it was revealed that it had asked high amounts as down-payments to pilots who wished to work for the company.
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In 2009, it became public that Westfield intended to construct a $250 million new shopping centre on the southern side of Mortimer Pass. This centre would be linked to the existing 277 Broadway mall site by a two-level airbridge over Mortimer Pass. In February 2018, the centre closed for a major extension project. The re-opening of the centre commenced in August 2019, with a first stage of 40 stores, the rest opening by the end of 2019. An air bridge over Mortimer Pass between the 309 and 277 Broadway buildings was opened in October 2019.
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In May it provided emergency aid after Friuli earthquake in Italy, and in November it flew relief missions to Turkey after the Çaldıran–Muradiye earthquake. In 1980 it provided aid following earthquakes in Italy, the Irpinia earthquake affecting the regions of Campania and Basilicata, and to northern Algeria after the El Asnam earthquake. During the 1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia the wing was employed to carry out numerous relief fights and was also an important component of the airbridge during the siege of Sarajevo between 1992 and 1996. In 2007 the wing celebrated its 50th anniversary.
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Puke Ariki was opened by the Prime Minister Helen Clark on 15 June 2003. Eight Taranaki iwi collaborated on the Puke Ariki project; in 1996–97 a Komiti Māori was formed to represent them and give input into the project. The 1960 War Memorial building contains the library, archives, and research centre, and connects via a second floor airbridge with the new building containing the museum, iSite information centre, cafe, and restaurant. In front of Puke Ariki is a 2001 carved pou (pole), Tukotahi/Standing Together, depicting the first meeting of Māori and Pākehā settlers in Taranaki.
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An airhead is a designated area in a hostile or threatened territory which, when seized and held, allows the air landing of further teams and materiel via an airbridge, and provides the maneuver and preparation space necessary for projected operations. Normally it is the area seized in the assault phase of an airborne operation. It may also be used as a staging or refueling point for less permanent operations. Typically, an airhead is established by helicopter- landed or paratrooper forces, and often will take place at an airport (to allow conventional transport to land later on) or at a helicopter or glider- accessible area.
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Edward Percival went on to play with various tribute bands, including The Dandy Highwaymen (New Romantics) and Fossil Fools (XTC). In May 2012, it was announced that he had formed a new band called Mellotronanism which had "reached the rehearsal stage" and was "unashamedly based in the textures of classic early 70s prog." The band would perform original material plus some of Percival's Airbridge songs and would feature two other members of The Dandy Highwaymen & Fossil Fools - Matt Bell (Bass and vocals) and Terry Arnett (Drums and vocals). Mellotronanism is due to open the second night of a charity gig in Bracknell, in aid of Great Ormond Street Hospital on 26 March 2016.
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6 can be used to convey units to specified destinations, in Supreme Commander though by shift queuing orders a transport containing several units can be ordered to drop specific units at subsequent waypoints. An air transport can also be ordered to create a ferry route, an airbridge wherein any land units ordered to the start of the ferry route will be conveyed by the air transport to the specified destination. The output from a production factory can be routed to a ferry route causing all units constructed by that factory to be automatically ferried to the route's destination. Additional air transports can be ordered to assist an existing ferry route allowing many units to be efficiently transported.
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In April 2018 the Israel Postal Company issued a stamp with different El Al- planes commemorating the 70th anniversary of the airline.Stamp, 11,60 Sh: In July 2019, El Al retired its sole freight aircraft, a Boeing 747-400F, ending its dedicated cargo flights. The airline plans to use charter services by other airlines for this purpose from now on.cargofacts.com - El Al ceases 747 freighter ops, looks to AirBridge and ASL for charters 3 July 2019 In March 2020, El Al suspended operations due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The Israeli government had announced that all visitors and residents to Israel would have to undergo a 14-day quarantine upon arrival into the country.
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After being informed by Fabian Ver of Senator Ninoy Aquino's arrival, Imelda Marcos tells her husband Ferdinand about her warning to Ninoy about not returning to the Philippines due to dangers to his life. American news correspondent and journalist Tony O'Neill, who has just been flown to the Philippines, is driving with his cameraman and technical operator Ramon to Manila International Airport to cover the arrival of Senator Aquino from the United States. At a nearby hotel, Rolando Galman is handed a Philippine Airlines maintenance engineer's uniform by colleagues before they leave. Inside the airport's two-year old modern terminal, he and other journalists witness the arrival of the aircraft, a China Airlines Boeing 767 and enter the airbridge to await the senator's entry.
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The unit was known as "Phandet" until late 1983 when the detachment achieved squadron status following the rundown of No. 23 Squadron RAF in the UK and the resultant transfer of its "nameplate" from RAF Wattisham to the RAF Stanley unit. The Harrier detachment was renamed No. 1453 Flight and remained at RAF Stanley to provide standby air defence, in event of excessive crosswinds, until RAF Mount Pleasant was opened in 1985. In addition, long range Hercules transport aircraft of No. 1312 Flight, resident at RAF Stanley, provided tanker support for the Phantom fighters and transport for local (South Georgia) tasks. The airport was also used by the C-130s of the 'Airbridge' from Ascension Island for trooping and many other essentials until Mount Pleasant became operational.
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Flooding from Chapala led to a locust outbreak in March 2016, which spread across Yemen and reached as far as Pakistan. Agencies under the United Nations and non-government organizations provided assistance to the storm victims, although aid agencies were cautious in helping a city under control of Al Qaeda. The Red Crescent Society of the United Arab Emirates, in conjunction with the Khalifa Foundation and the King Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Centre, provided aid to the hardest hit areas of mainland Yemen via an airbridge, as well as over land. United Nations agencies sent 29 trucks carrying 296 tons of non-food items, and the World Health Organization sent a ship from Djibouti with 18 tons of medical supplies.
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Replacing the Conway engines with IAE V2500 was studied but was not found to be cost-effective.Barrie 1993, p. 26. In 1982, VC10 C1s formed a part of the airbridge between RAF Brize Norton and Wideawake Airfield on Ascension Island during Operation Corporate, the campaign to retake the Falkland Islands. The VC10 were also used in a more unconventional sense – the Avro Vulcan bombers that participated in Operation Black Buck had been rapidly retrofitted with the Dual Carousel navigation system of the Super VC10s, enabling effective open ocean navigation.Rowland White – Vulcan 607 A pair of VC10s were also painted with Red Cross markings and used for casualty evacuation from neutral Uruguay during the conflict."RAF to retire VC10s after 50 years." Times of Malta, 18 September 2013.
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In March 2011, the airport was certified to handle the upcoming Boeing 747-8, as two of the airport’s major airlines—Cargolux and AirBridge Cargo—have placed orders for this aircraft. Ryanair announced on July 3, 2012, that Maastricht will become a new Ryanair base from December 2012, the first on Dutch soil, with one Boeing 737-800 being based at the airport and three new routes being launched: Dublin, London-Stansted and Treviso. In late October 2012, start-up Dutch airline, Maastricht Airlines, announced plans to base six Fokker 50 aircraft at the airport, initially operating to Berlin, Munich, and Amsterdam, before adding Copenhagen, Paris Charles de Gaulle and Southend in 2014. This did not happen and the company declared bankruptcy.
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St. Vincent's was the epicenter of New York City's AIDS epidemic. It housed the first and largest AIDS ward on the east coast and is often referred to as the "ground zero" of the AIDS epidemic. As one of the first institutions to address and treat HIV and AIDS in the 1980s, St. Vincent's HIV Center was one of the oldest, most experienced and most renowned HIV treatment programs in the US. It provided coordinated outpatient and inpatient primary care and case management services to HIV-positive adults, pregnant women, and children, and also provided HIV prevention services, AIDS education programs, HIV clinical research, and support groups. In addition, SVCMC developed the unique Airbridge Project, which coordinates care for HIV-positive patients who make frequent trips to Puerto Rico.
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Militares vermelhos (Portuguese: "red troops") was a term used for Portuguese military figures who were tied to the Portuguese Communist Party, or international communism, who were associated with the Movimento das Forças Armadas. The term was especially used by the populations of the former províncias ultramarinas portuguesas (overseas Portuguese colonies). The term was particularly applied to those who during the Processo Revolucionário em Curso power-struggle supported the entry of the colonies as well as mainland Portugal into the Soviet sphere of influence. The most exemplary case was that of Almirante Rosa Coutinho, governor of Angola during the post-Revolução dos Cravos period, who was known for having ordered all arms owned by the public to be handed over to the authorities, following which he allowed the entry of Communist troops into the country via the Cuba-Angola airbridge.
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Stearns Airport Equipment brand PBBs at Denver International Airport in Denver, Colorado, USA A jet bridge (also termed jetway,Justia/trademarks The term Jetway is a registered trademark jetwalk, airgate, gangway, aerobridge/airbridge, skybridge, airtube, or its official industry name passenger boarding bridge (PBB)) is an enclosed, movable connector which most commonly extends from an airport terminal gate to an airplane, and in some instances from a port to a boat or ship, allowing passengers to board and disembark without going outside and being exposed to harsh weather. Depending on building design, sill heights, fueling positions, and operational requirements, a jet bridge may be fixed or movable, swinging radially, and/or extending in length. The jetway was invented by Frank Der Yuen. Similar devices are used for astronauts to enter spacecraft, which are installed in the appropriate height of the launch tower.
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During the Battle of Stalingrad, Supplying by air, called an airbridge, was attempted by Germany to keep its surrounded 6th Army supplied, but they lacked sufficient air transport. Allied airbridges were more successful, in the Burma Campaign, and in "The Hump" to resupply the Chinese war effort. (A few years after the war, the Berlin Air Lift was successful in supplying the whole non- Soviet half of the city.) At sea, the Battle of the Atlantic began in the first days of the war and continued to the end. German surface raiders and U-boats targeted vital Allied cargo ship convoys supplying English, US, and Russian forces, and became more effective than in World War I. Technological improvements in both U-boats and anti-submarine warfare raced to out-do each other for years, with the Allies eventually keeping losses to U-boats in check.
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The United States concluded that a solution could not wait any longer. In a June 5, 1947 speech,Marshall, George C, The Marshal Plan Speech, June 5, 1947 comporting with the Truman Doctrine, Marshall announced a comprehensive program of American assistance to all European countries wanting to participate, including the Soviet Union and those of Eastern Europe, called the Marshall Plan. Fearing American political, cultural and economic penetration, Stalin eventually forbade Soviet Eastern bloc countries of the newly formed Cominform from accepting Marshall Plan aid. In Czechoslovakia, that required a Soviet-backed Czechoslovak coup d'état of 1948,Airbridge to Berlin, "Eye of the Storm" chapter the brutality of which shocked Western powers more than any event so far and set in a motion a brief scare that war would occur and swept away the last vestiges of opposition to the Marshall Plan in the United States Congress.
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It allows the airplane to be operated with two crew members. The avionics correspond to modern requirements on international routes in Europe and North America (RNP-1) and allow navigation and landing under ICAO CAT III/A conditions. The Il-96 is offered in three main variants: the Il-96-300, Il-96M/T and Il-96-400. The Il-96-300 has a standard passenger capacity of 262 seats in a two-class configuration with 18 seats with a seat pitch of and 244 seats with a pitch of , of which typical seating is 3-3-3 (layout), but low density seating is possible with 2-4-2 (layout). Galleys are positioned on the upper deck, and the lower deck can accommodate 18 LD-3 containers and crew rest areas. Cockpit of an Aeroflot Il-96-300 In June 2005, the Volga-Dnepr Group signed a 15-year financial agreement with Ilyushin Finance Corporation (IFC) to take delivery of two new- build Il-96-400T aircraft, to be operated by Volga-Dnepr's subsidiary AirBridge Cargo.
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