These two cold and slightly abstract ideas sound worlds away from humanity.
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Kitty Horrorshow has a terrific ability to humanise even the most abstract ideas.
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These have been determined to be abstract ideas that can't be patent-protected.
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Academic writing is painful to read because it gets mired in abstract ideas.
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Some focus on absolute replication, while others play with abstract ideas and science fiction fantasy.
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"We have a very hard time understanding and being motivated by abstract ideas," he said.
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On their own, words and pictures can only go so far in conveying abstract ideas.
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"Abstract ideas are not patentable," United States District Court Judge Vince Chhabria wrote in his ruling.
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But the court ruled that this idea was patent-ineligible, because abstract ideas can't be patented.
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Good stories use vivid imagery to make abstract ideas feel real and bring the audience along.
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Narratives have long served viewers to link abstract ideas to the artists and artwork that convey them.
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Nor does Mr Johnson bother grappling with modern theologians' subtle and abstract ideas of God and hell.
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"Food can be a remarkably good way to tie abstract ideas to personal experience," Ms. Weinstein said.
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The gridded map room, for example, suggests that art can make complex abstract ideas more tangible and atmospheric.
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Under debate are the notions that natural phenomena, observations of laws of nature, and abstract ideas are unpatentable.
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And folks who work in fields of applied mathematics often end up finding a use for those abstract ideas.
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Americans tend to like the abstract ideas of "state flexibility" and people being required to work to receive benefits.
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Choose what they want to watch and are willing to discuss abstract ideas (and don't want to be lectured to).
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Of Thee I Sing Two moving and expansive books about enduring American symbols vivify abstract ideas through surprisingly specific images.
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But it doesn't address the fundamental divide, which is less about concrete policies than about abstract ideas like corruption of politics.
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The Guidance will supersede certain analysis methods articulated in previous guidance, particularly the examiner's "Quick Reference" that previously sought to categorize abstract ideas.
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After all, some of those big, abstract ideas that started among small groups of outsiders have become established institutionally, at least as aspirations.
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This is the typical use of the meme—not to use it as a vehicle to objectify women, but to illustrate other abstract ideas.
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She invalidated all three patents at issue in the suit, finding that the ideas they catalogued were abstract ideas and ineligible for patent protection.
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It's impossible to know the exact consequences once abstract ideas are imperfectly put into effect in the real world, which is untidy and unpredictable.
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In this sense, her project "PINK SLIME CAESAR SHIFT" is in line with Liu's past projects that aim to convey abstract ideas through physical experiences.
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John Paris, a bioethicist and Catholic priest at Boston College, said Pope Francis is primarily a pastor, not a systematic theologian interested in abstract ideas.
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In its opinion, the Court made clear that abstract ideas that utilize generic computer methods are not something our patent system was designed to protect.
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Regulators and lawmakers were caught unprepared as many ICOs turned out to be frauds, backed merely by abstract ideas or in some cases nothing at all.
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A conversation might take you through dialogue with a gardener, Harry's conceptualization of abstract ideas in the world (the skill Conceptualization), and his partner Kim Kitsuragi.
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He came slowly to a mastery of language, form, and style that revealed a mind like a solar system, with abstract ideas orbiting a radiant lyricism.
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With his typical dreamy disposition, Rosen drifts away from practical questions, like financial solvency, and returns to his abstract ideas about what Ironbound represents to New Jersey.
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It's almost certainly because she's unafraid of embracing big, abstract ideas and using vivid language like "dark psychic force" that many mainstream politicians might be afraid of.
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Sensors of unparalleled precision may at last make it possible to test the predictions of physicists' most abstract ideas, perhaps linking the theories of quantum mechanics and gravity.
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He's superb at bringing abstract ideas to life, even if his colloquial style can be jarring on the page ("Here is where the Kantian rubber meets the road").
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By ruling that abstract ideas could not be patented simply because they were executed on a computer, the Alice decision significantly narrowed down the possible universe of software patents.
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"I love the idea," Davis says, that I can take these larger abstract ideas about what being Black means or what it can mean or what it looks like.
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You run the risk of getting carried away with overly convoluted or abstract ideas in the coming weeks, but don't forget to be mindful of more practical problems, too.
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Her two passions have a good deal in common: Baking and math are centered on similar principles, Cheng notes here, and her clever guide offers tangible examples of abstract ideas.
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His letter is filled with abstract ideas, including the notion of "social infrastructure" and how to create stronger online communities, with few detailed steps about how to realize those goals.
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Consider specific things like a local library, a favorite teacher, a neighborhood hangout as well as ways to express more abstract ideas or feelings like hope, unity, change and conflict.
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But Dr. Ratner was about that age when she set off on an ambitious effort to connect the physics of the motion of objects with more abstract ideas of number theory.
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"Openness refers to the willingness to explore new idea and experiences," says Meltzer, adding these folks tend to like art and abstract ideas, often try new and different foods, and love novelty.
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The official court filing states that the claims on certain patents "seek a monopoly on the abstract ideas of collecting and monitoring sleep and other health-related data," and are therefore ineligible.
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DAG features notable works in bronze, such as "Nest" (1975), "Halves" (1979) and "Genesis I" (1971), which mark his style of containing abstract ideas within the roundedness of his trademark ovoid shapes.
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It is surprisingly hard to talk about these abstract ideas, because each little piece is like a fractal that contains a whole other subset of interlocked feelings and impulses inside of it.
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There is a care taken that clearly shows those involved have an understanding not just of the franchise's Wikipedia synopsis, but of the more abstract ideas and feelings that have made it so appealing.
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U.S. District Judge Beth Labson Freeman in San Jose said on Thursday two Fitbit patents on methods of tracking a person's physical activity are invalid because they cover abstract ideas ineligible for patent protection.
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Applications he thought this could have included instilling empathy (he used the example of a VR experience told through the perspective of a refugee on the island of Lesbos), education, and communicating abstract ideas.
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Identifying the most important word in a text can help students, especially struggling readers, understand bigger or more abstract ideas and themes by allowing them to focus on a small portion of the text.
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" She added, "Any analysis of great movements in history is far more fascinating and trustworthy if we can distinguish individual faces among the masses and hear their voices within the din of abstract ideas.
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The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit affirmed a lower court ruling on Tuesday that two patents relating to database technology IV asserted against Capital One are invalid because they describe abstract ideas.
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"I think where it loses me, we're taking these systems that are applying huge abstract ideas of identity's role and we're shrinking it into these interpersonal, one-on-one, liberal arts things," the upperclassman said.
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Villeneuve, more optimistic here than he's ever been before, deals with abstract ideas of language and sociology with astounding visual economy, and memorably conveys the completely disorienting paradigm shift of its titular first contact scenario.
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Focusing on abstract ideas such as global temperature targets could even provoke an unintended reaction in cold parts of the world where a temperature increase of two degrees would be welcome, says the IPCC guide.
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Gadsby understands all too well that the point at which comedy breaks down is the point at which its abstract ideas have to contend with physical reality — with the identities and lived experiences of real people.
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He had stuck a Post-It note on the table saying "bord" – the Swedish word for table – and on the walls were pairs of words in Swedish and his native Dari for abstract ideas and feelings.
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U.S. Court of Federal Claims Judge Eric Bruggink denied a request by the U.S. government to throw out the case, rejecting its argument that SAIC's patents are invalid because they describe abstract ideas not eligible for patenting.
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"She had a keen understanding of the semantics of dress and of the way in which she could use her public image to help communicate the more abstract ideas that were important to her," Mr. Bowles wrote.
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Sports and entertainment should not be crowding out the ultimate adventure that kids ought to be on as they grow up: thinking, taking abstract ideas and turning them into real solutions, inventing is an exciting thing to do.
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The apparent discovery that bees understand the concept of zero, or nothing, means these animals are smarter and more adaptable than we realized, and that big, bulbous brains aren't necessarily required to comprehend some seemingly complex or abstract ideas.
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One of us was able to use the Supreme Court's ruling in the Alice case – which held that abstract ideas using generic computer methods are not eligible to be patented – to win a crucial victory against a patent troll.
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"Our brains are usually not motivated by abstract ideas, and because retirement is so far away for millennials, they are less likely to take action toward that goal," says Bradley Klontz, associate professor of practice in financial psychology at Creighton University.
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With France's presidential elections looming in April, these often abstract ideas are taking more concrete form as the hard-right National Front and the center-right Republican Party capitalize on sentiments of decline exacerbated by economic malaise and terrorist attacks.
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In the abstract, ideas on the subject lurk in the same part of my mind as platitudes about creating "strong female leads" onscreen, and a well-intentioned but preposterous pillowcase that says "Consent Is Sexy," gifted to me by my undergraduate university.
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The space is filled with black vector drawings of different bread types — in Egyptian Arabic, aish means both bread and life — which "[become] a physical setting where one's intangible emotional values of culture, history, and tradition are no longer abstract ideas," Nawar explains.
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The question now is how do those abstract ideas play out — for students trying to get through organic chemistry or meet a professor after class, professors who want to introduce critical thinking and intellectual exploration without fear, and administrators walking a tightrope with the Legislature.
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Staff's team focused on about 500 participants, and also looked at their scores on a questionnaire measuring intellectual engagement, which the researchers defined as people's interest, enjoyment and participation in reading, problem solving and thinking about abstract ideas as well as their overall intellectual curiosity.
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Personalized politics has emerged and re-emerged when activists introduce big, abstract ideas — participatory democracy in the 1960s, environmental sustainability and feminist consciousness in the 1970s, queer sexuality in the 85033s, alternative globalization in the 2000s — that are not well-established in mainstream political parties and traditions.
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But in the end I felt like that wasn't the piece I had to write at this moment, and I actually had to go and explore these more abstract ideas of time and space, how I relate to time and how we communally relate to time.
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" In New York, when Charles Green sued Chad Harbach, alleging that Mr. Harbach's novel "The Art of Fielding" had copied the plot of his baseball book, a judge dismissed Mr. Green's claims, noting that "any similarities are either not copyrightable abstract ideas, or, when understood in context, not actually similar.
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Taking place in the three days prior to the festival, the program will feature practical workshops that apply some of the festival's abstract ideas; attendees will learn how to book shows and start crowdfunding projects, and Empress Of's Lorelei Rodriguez will deliver a presentation on the creative process (Rodriguez spent five weeks in Mexico City writing and recording her most recent album, Me).
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It turns out that offering up a game for free to start can get a lot of people interested in it, Brenda Romero said, and there are ways to entice people to pay for content, whether that means figuring out ways to target the whales and big spenders or throwing in things like loot boxes — boxes (or other abstract ideas) that contain random in-game items that players can pay to open.
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Axtel, The Deification of Abstract Ideas, p. 42. Tutor or tutator might be masculine epithets for gods in a specifically tutelary function: Iuppiter tutor or Hercules tutator.Axtel, The Deification of Abstract Ideas, p. 42.
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Second, Berkeley declared that words, such as names, do not signify abstract ideas. With regard to ideas, he asserted that we can only think of particular things that have been perceived. Names, he wrote, signify general ideas, not abstract ideas. General ideas represent any one of several particular ideas.
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She appears often in inscriptions, particularly in Gaul, but only rarely in literature.Axtel, The Deification of Abstract Ideas, pp. 42–43. She is often linked invoked with the Genius to assure a full range of protection, and became a regular part of household cult along with the Lares and Penates.Axtel, The Deification of Abstract Ideas, pp.
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We finally would have known the sizes of those abstract ideas whose immeasurability makes us, time and time again, lose our bearings.
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The PTAB held that claims 17 and 26-29 of the '350 patent were unpatentable under 35 U.S.C. § 101 because they were abstract ideas.
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In the last twenty years of this life he had also been interested in the language of mathematics and related issues concerning teaching and communicating abstract ideas.
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The Shaiva Siddhanta practices have focussed on abstract ideas of spirituality, worship and loving devotion to Shiva as SadaShiva, and taught the authority of the Vedas and Shaiva Agamas.
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For example, Egyptian hieroglyphic determinatives include symbols for divinities, people, parts of the body, animals, plants, and books/abstract ideas, which helped in reading, but none of which were pronounced.
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Diamond v. Diehr,450 U.S. 175, 185 (1981) (same). Parker v. Flook,437 U.S. 584 598 (1978) (dissenting opinion) ("laws of nature, physical phenomena, and abstract ideas are not patentable subject matter").
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Since the Alice decision, the Federal Circuit and district courts have held a number of business-method patents to be patent ineligible as mere abstract ideas implemented in a conventional way without embodying any inventive concept.
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Structuralism proposes that one may understand human culture by means of a structure modeled on language. This understanding differs from concrete reality and from abstract ideas, instead as "third order" that mediates between the two.Deleuze, Gilles. [2002] 2004.
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She continued to develop a style of > teaching which aimed at making the acquisition of very abstract ideas > accessible through judicious use of more concrete examples and well-graded > exercises. Hanna supervised 10 doctoral students and has 51 descendants.
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Berkeley criticized Locke for saying that words signify general, but abstract, ideas. At the end of his Introduction, he advised the reader to let his words engender clear, particular ideas instead of trying to associate them with non–existent abstractions.
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Axtell, Harold Lucius. The deification of abstract ideas in Roman literature and inscriptions. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 1907. p. 13. Her possible male counterpart is Sabine god Semo Sancus,Woodard, Roger D. Indo- European Sacred Space: Vedic and Roman Cult.
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Depending on the observer, this might include artificially beautiful things like music or art, natural beauty like landscapes or astronomical bodies, or the elegance of abstract ideas like the laws of mathematics or physics. The best-known defender of the aesthetic argument is Richard Swinburne.
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Abstract ideas in rhetorical images, as Charles Hill states, are not only acceptably represented in images, but they are prominent; images "do not necessarily have to portray an object, or even a class of objects, that exists or ever did exist". Images allow for the writer to depict the closest representation of their thought possible since they can blend abstract and tangible thoughts. Hill uses the peace sign, swastika, and the Confederate flags as examples of abstract ideas represented by images. Ironically the image of a peace sign, which seems to be universally accepted as a call from the 1970s 'hippie' movement, originated as an anti-Christian symbol.
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Motion should not be considered as an abstraction, separated from space and time. It should not be analyzed into abstract ideas such as movement, velocity, and force. Mathematical considerations of spatial and temporal infinitesimals lead to paradoxes. Motion should not be equated with the cause of motion.
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Another source of errors is the attempt to think about abstract ideas. Particular ideas are known as being real. Abstractions, made by subtracting all particularity from ideas, lead to errors and difficulties., § 97, Sceptics say that we can never know the true, real nature of things.
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If the identity of a deity whose protection was desired was unknown, an altar might be inscribed with an open-ended invocation such as "to the tutelary god".Axtel, The Deification of Abstract Ideas, p. 40. The individual goddess Tutela may have evolved from this abstraction.
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It may also name an artificial (man-made) object like a chair, computer, house, etc. Abstract ideas and knowledge domains such as freedom, equality, science, happiness, etc., are also symbolized by concepts. It is important to realize that a concept is merely a symbol, a representation of the abstraction.
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It is not sufficient, however, to define abstract ideas as those that can be instantiated and to define abstraction as the movement in the opposite direction to instantiation. Doing so would make the concepts "cat" and "telephone" abstract ideas since despite their varying appearances, a particular cat or a particular telephone is an instance of the concept "cat" or the concept "telephone". Although the concepts "cat" and "telephone" are abstractions, they are not abstract in the sense of the objects in graph 1 below. We might look at other graphs, in a progression from cat to mammal to animal, and see that animal is more abstract than mammal; but on the other hand mammal is a harder idea to express, certainly in relation to marsupial or monotreme.
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A pattern is a regularity in the world, in human-made design, or in abstract ideas. As such, the elements of a pattern repeat in a predictable manner. A geometric pattern is a kind of pattern formed of geometric shapes and typically repeated like a wallpaper design. Any of the senses may directly observe patterns.
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Reform Rule in Czechoslovakia: The Dubček Era, 1968–1969. Vol. 11. Cambridge, UK: CUP Archive, 1973, p. 10Holy, p. 119 Discussions on the current state of communism and abstract ideas such as freedom and identity were also becoming more common; soon, non-party publications began appearing, such as the trade union daily Prace (Labour).
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The text has a prayer prologue followed by 7 chapters with cumulative total of 21 verses. Its structure is similar to Nrsimha-tapaniya (IAST: Nṛsiṃhatāpanī) Upanishad. Both are Vaishnava texts presenting the discourse about and through Vishnu in his man-lion avatar. The Avyakta Upanishad combines theism, Samkhya, Yoga and abstract ideas in the Upanishads in its verses.
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Kiesler's Endless House was intended to communicate his personal views of metaphysics. In terms of architecture, he included abstract aspects of ‘connectivity’, ‘corealation’, and ‘biotechnique’. These terms describe abstract ideas, rather than being specific architectural terms. To show connectivity, Kiesler included curvilinear structure that is built of one material, concrete, with no structural seams in the building.
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Some children with communication disorders may not speak or may have a very limited vocabulary for their developmental period. Children with communication disorders may have trouble following directions or naming simple objects. During childhood, he or she may have trouble comprehending or forming sentences. As they get older, the child may have more trouble expressing or understanding abstract ideas.
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Journalistic prose is explicit and precise and tries not to rely on jargon. As a rule, journalists will not use a long word when a short one will do. They use subject-verb-object construction and vivid, active prose (see Grammar). They offer anecdotes, examples and metaphors, and they rarely depend on generalizations or abstract ideas.
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To be patent eligible subject matter, an invention must meet two criteria. First, it must fall within one of the four statutory categories of acceptable subject matter: process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter. Second, it must not be directed to subject matter encompassing a judicially recognized exception: laws of nature, physical phenomena, and abstract ideas.
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Ballets Russes dancer Lydia Lopokova, however, about Nijinska's ballet Les Fâcheux and similar works, commented that it was smooth and professional, but nothing or no one moved her. She longed for very old-fashioned ballets without abstract ideas, with simplicity and poetry. "Massine and Nijinska choreography clever as it is have too much intellect," she felt.Garafola (2005), p.
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The Alice Supreme Court reduced the patent- eligibility of software patents or patents on software for business methods, excluding abstract ideas from the list of eligible subject matters. After much confusion within the patent examiners and patent practitioners, the USPTO prepared a list of examples of software patent claims that are deemed patent- eligible or not.
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The recent finding that Broca's area is active when people are observing others engaged in meaningful action is evidence in support of this idea. It was hypothesized that a precursor to the modern Broca's area was involved in translating gestures into abstract ideas by interpreting the movements of others as meaningful action with an intelligent purpose. It is argued that over time the ability to predict the intended outcome and purpose of a set of movements eventually gave this area the capability to deal with truly abstract ideas, and therefore (eventually) became capable of associating sounds (words) with abstract meanings. The observation that frontal language areas are activated when people observe Hand Shadows is further evidence that human language may have evolved from existing neural substrates that evolved for the purpose of gesture recognition.
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The main obstacle seems to be that trading relations refer to social relations which are not directly observable. What these social relations are, has to be conceptualized with abstract ideas. The trading ratios between commodities and money are certainly observable, via prices and transaction data. Yet how exactly the things being traded get the value they have, is not observable.
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Rubber-Tip Pencil Co. v. Howard, 87 U.S. (20 Wall.) 498 (1874), is an 1874 decision of the United States Supreme Court concerning the patent eligibility of abstract ideas.. As explained below in the Subsequent developments section, it is intermediate in the development of that aspect of patent law from Neilson v Harford,151 Eng. Rep. 1266, 8 M. & W. 806, Web. Pat. Cases 295 (1841).
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"The Arrogance of Public Sociology". Social Forces, June 2004, 82(4) Positivism has also come under fire on religious and philosophical grounds, whose proponents state that truth begins in sense experience, but does not end there. Positivism fails to prove that there are not abstract ideas, laws, and principles, beyond particular observable facts and relationships and necessary principles, or that we cannot know them.
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In order to convey abstract ideas, the first recourse of speakers is to fall back on immediately recognizable concrete imagery, very often deploying metaphors rooted in shared bodily experience.Lakoff, G. and M. Johnson 1980. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. A familiar example is the use of concrete terms such as 'belly' or 'back' to convey abstract meanings such as 'inside' or 'behind'.
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In Mayo v. Prometheus, the Supreme Court invalidated a patent on a diagnostic method, because it non-inventively implemented a natural principle; the Court drew on cases involving computer software and other abstract ideas. In this case, the Court was much more detailed in describing how to recognize a patent-ineligible claim to an abstract idea. The Mayo methodology has come to dominate patent-eligibility law.
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Weber took a pragmatic approach to history. He once observed: > Nothing is more concrete than history, nothing less interested in theories > or in abstract ideas. The great historians have fewer ideas about history > than amateurs do; they merely have a way of ordering their facts to tell > their story. It isn’t theories they look for, but information, documents, > and ideas about how to find and handle them.
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His final professorship began in 1987 at Cornell University's Department of Art in Ithaca, New York. He continued as department chair until 1993 and retired Professor Emeritus in 2005. Rosy Keyser, a New York artist who studied with Kord at Cornell, said that "his work exemplified the freedom to attribute abstract ideas to firmly planted materials." He helped to sponsor many visiting artists to art departments.
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CLS Bank upheld the patent–eligibility of software patent claims.The other time was in The Federal Circuit reversed the district court's summary judgment ruling that all claims were patent–ineligible abstract ideas under Alice. Instead, the claims were directed to a specific improvement to the way computers operate, embodied in the claimed "self- referential table" for a database, which the relevant prior art did not contain.
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The Senses and the Intellect. London: Parker & Son, 1855. Page 370 and the reality of which can be neither proved nor disproved, is not worked out in detail, but is supported by elaborate and sometimes subtle criticisms of all other theories. (3) With regard to general and abstract ideas and general propositions, his opinions are those of the empirical school, but his analysis frequently puts the matter in a new light.
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He is attracted by the industrial landscape. Jakub Ciężki explain his works: > “My paintings are a reflection of reality. My abstract ideas come from the > natural things that surround me and are represented in a realistic manner, > in contrast to the monochromatic flat background. The architectural > compositions create a kind of tension between realism and abstraction, my > paintings reflect what interests me most in art: material and construction”.
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Young 135 He also agreed with Plato's notions of the realities of transcendentals (recall Weaver's hostility to nominalism) and the connection between form and substance.Johannesen 7 For instance, Weaver admired the connection between the forms of poetry and rhetoric. Like poetry, rhetoric relies on the connotation of words as well as their denotation. Good rhetoricians, he asserted, use poetic analogies to relate abstract ideas directly to the listeners.
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Specifically, the notion that religious language is evocative of the mystical experience is problematic, because it is difficult to determine what language is adequate without resorting to literal or abstract ideas. Rudolf Otto's notion of analogy, rejected by Stace, is more robust. Aldrich points out a contradiction in Stace's reliance on hierarchies of being and values to more adequately refer to God, as this implies continuity between the world and eternity, which Stace denies.
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Unlike the experimenters of Atimarga tradition and other sub-traditions of Mantramarga, states Sanderson, the Shaiva Siddhanta tradition had no ritual offering or consumption of "alcoholic drinks, blood or meat". Their practices focussed on abstract ideas of spirituality, worship and loving devotion to Shiva as SadaShiva, and taught the authority of the Vedas and Shaiva Agamas. This tradition diversified in its ideas over time, with some of its scholars integrating a non-dualistic theology.
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In the first of the Supreme Court's computer software decisions (the "patent-eligibility trilogy"), Gottschalk v. Benson,. the Court reversed the CCPA's reversal of a Patent Office decision, thus denying a patent on an algorithm for converting binary-coded decimal numbers into pure binary numbers. In so ruling, the Court looked back to 19th century decisions such as O'Reilly v. Morse,. which held that abstract ideas could not be made the subject of patents.
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These laws and regulations must serve, and never overturn, the basic human rights to health, education, employment and cultural life. :3. The public interest requires a balance between the public domain and private rights. It also requires a balance between the free competition which is essential for economic vitality and the monopoly rights granted by intellectual property laws. :4. Intellectual property protection must not be extended to abstract ideas, facts or data. :5.
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Shiite leaders are nationalists, but see themselves as a regional, even global power. They are propelled by a keen awareness of their population's needs, while being motivated by an inextricable link to eternal truths. Life in a state of discrepancy encourages Shiite leaders to reject the notion that reality begins with abstract ideas. They feel uncomfortable with ascetic mysticism, which calls for the abandonment of the self and a union with the divine.
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Early on Chesterton showed a great interest in and talent for art. He had planned to become an artist, and his writing shows a vision that clothed abstract ideas in concrete and memorable images. Even his fiction contained carefully concealed parables. Father Brown is perpetually correcting the incorrect vision of the bewildered folks at the scene of the crime and wandering off at the end with the criminal to exercise his priestly role of recognition and repentance.
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Locke viewed these powers as a biological ability the baby is born with, similar to how a baby knows how to biologically function when born. So as soon as the baby enters the world, it immediately has experiences with its surroundings and all of those experiences are being transcribed to the baby's "slate". All of the experiences then eventually culminate into complex and abstract ideas. This theory can still help teachers understand their students' learning today.
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In the travelogue, Darab's co-operation with Anquetil-Duperron is attributed to a need for assurance of French protection. It seems that Darab (and another priest, a certain Kaus) attempted to provide Anquetil-Duperron with an education similar to that given to priests. His essay ' aligns itself with the texts and provides only glimpses of what the Parsis actually believed at the time. Anquetil complains of the priests' interest with law and ritual rather than philosophy or abstract ideas.
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It has been argued that it is universal among human cultures for the color red to represent blood, sex, life and death. The use of red ochre as a proxy for symbolism is often criticized as being too indirect. Some scientists, such as Richard Klein and Steven Mithen, only recognize unambiguous forms of art as representative of abstract ideas. Upper paleolithic cave art provides some of the most unambiguous evidence of religious thought from the paleolithic.
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Around this time, he also published Watakushi Shosetsu Ron, an attack on the popular Japanese literary genre of the shishosetsu, the autobiographical novel or I Novel. From April 1932, he was also working as a lecturer at Meiji University and was promoted to professor in June 1938. By the mid-1930s, Kobayashi was well established as a literary critic. His aversion to abstract ideas, and conceptualizing in general, was widely known, as was his preference for spontaneity and intuition.
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In Müller's view, "gods" began as words constructed to express abstract ideas, but were transformed into imagined personalities. Thus the Indo-European father-god appears under various names: Zeus, Jupiter, Dyaus Pita. For Müller all these names can be traced to the word "Dyaus", which he understood to imply "shining" or "radiance". This leads to the terms "deva", "deus", "theos" as generic terms for a god, and to the names "Zeus" and "Jupiter" (derived from deus-pater).
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Marie José Nzengou-Tayo's article 'Literature and Digossia: The Poetics of French and Creole' argues that the novel is significant in providing an expression of Creolization through its use of simile and metaphorical terms to express abstract ideas and give voice to oral stories, beliefs and myths. In 2009 Wasafiri magazine included Texaco on its list of 25 Most Influential Books published in the previous quarter-century."Twenty-Five Most Influential Books", Wasafiri, 19 January 2009.
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Social spatialisation influences social action through embodied habit and casting locations as "places for this and places for that". This had significant impact on human geographical definitions of spatiality and understanding of the social and political aspects of geographical space. Shields' approach is related to Henri Lefebvre's social production of space. Shields' interest in spatial and cultural categories led to work on Virtuality in which he argued that intangibles social spatialisations were real, not abstract ideas or "socially constructed" beliefs. 5.
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For a public philosophy, one might turn to Rawls or Habermas. This book also marks his first attempt to specifically articulate a political vision consistent with his philosophy, the vision of a diverse community bound together by opposition to cruelty, and not by abstract ideas such as 'justice' or 'common humanity,' policed by the separation of the public and private realms of life. In this book, Rorty introduces the terminology of ironism, which he uses to describe his mindset and his philosophy.
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Mathematical manipulatives play a key role in young children's mathematics understanding and development. These concrete objects facilitate children's understanding of important math concepts, then later help them link these ideas to representations and abstract ideas. Here we will look at pattern blocks, interlocking cubes, and tiles and the various concepts taught through using them. This is by no means an exhaustive list (there are so many possibilities!), rather, these descriptions will provide just a few ideas for how these manipulatives can be used.
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295 Republicanism picked up greater momentum when a series of anti-Cromwell works were published in 1656. The English republican movement, however, was not united: the so-called "commonweathmen" held to the idea that the dissolution of the Rump had been illegal. Although Milton believed in their abstract ideas, he produced some works that defended the existing form of government under the Protectorate. Even in The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates, Milton wrote that people needed to supportDzelzainis 2003 p.
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Cambridge: CUP Archive, p. 10Holy, p. 119 Discussions on the current state of communism and abstract ideas such as freedom and identity were also becoming more common; soon, non- party publications began appearing, such as the trade union daily Prace (Labour). This was also helped by the Journalists Union, which by March 1968 had already convinced the Central Publication Board, the government censor, to allow editors to receive uncensored subscriptions for foreign papers, allowing for a more international dialogue around the news.
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As with all other languages, Ubykh is replete with idioms. The word ('door'), for instance, is an idiom meaning either "magistrate", "court", or "government." However, idiomatic constructions are even more common in Ubykh than in most other languages; the representation of abstract ideas with series of concrete elements is a characteristic of the Northwest Caucasian family. As mentioned above, the phrase meaning "I love you" translates literally as 'I see you well'; similarly, "you please me" is literally 'you cut my heart'.
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As such, they represent little more than > functional descriptions of objectives, rather than inventive solutions. In > addition, because they describe the claimed methods in functional terms, > they preempt any subsequent specific solutions to the problem at issue. See > CLS Bank, 134 S. Ct. at 2354; Mayo, 132 S. Ct. at 1301-02. It is for those > reasons that the Supreme Court has characterized such patents as claiming > "abstract ideas" and has held that they are not directed to patentable > subject matter.
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The tutela or tutelary deity was fundamental to archaic Roman religion. The capacity for offering protection or guardianship was a basic function of deity, expressed by formulations such as Tutela Iovis, "the tutelage of Jove".Harold Lucius Axtell, The Deification of Abstract Ideas in Roman Literature and Inscriptions (University of Chicago, 1907), p. 40. Major deities such as Jupiter, Minerva, and Mars were conceived of as tutelaries.on Mars, Vincent J. Rosivach, "Mars, the Lustral God," Latomus 42.3 (1983), pp. 519–521.
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As such, they represent little more than > functional descriptions of objectives, rather than inventive solutions. In > addition, because they describe the claimed methods in functional terms, > they preempt any subsequent specific solutions to the problem at issue. See > CLS Bank, 134 S. Ct. at 2354; Mayo, 132 S. Ct. at 1301-02. It is for those > reasons that the Supreme Court has characterized such patents as claiming > "abstract ideas" and has held that they are not directed to patentable > subject matter.
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Astrological Straits has received generally favorable reviews from music critics. On Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews and ratings from mainstream critics, the album received a metascore of 72, based on six reviews. Michael Patrick Brady of The Phoenix called the album an "unrestrained torrent of challenging yet tuneful rock" and pointed out that this album served as an outlet for Hill's "abstract ideas". Marc Masters of Pitchfork Media found that Hill's drumming dominated the album.
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In creating the Transcriptions Finnissy was influenced by the concepts of Ferruccio Busoni, who believed that musical notation "is itself the transcription of an abstract idea. The moment that the pen takes possession of it, the thought loses its original form". The implication is that all composition is a form of transcription, and in this light Finnissy's often very substantial diversions from the originals may be viewed as re-creations of the original 'abstract ideas' which prompted Verdi himself.Pace (2001), p. 3.
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The word logorrhea is often used pejoratively to describe highly abstract prose that contains little concrete language. Since abstract writing is hard to visualize, it often seems confusing or excessive. Works in academic fields that involve many abstract ideas, such as philosophy, often fail to include extensive concrete examples of their ideas. An essay intentionally filled with "logorrhea" that mixed physics concepts with sociological concepts in a nonsensical way was published by physics professor Alan Sokal in a journal (Social Text) as a scholarly publishing sting.
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The argument from beauty (also the aesthetic argument) is an argument for the existence of a realm of immaterial ideas or, most commonly, for the existence of God. Plato argued there is a transcendent plane of abstract ideas, or universals, which are more perfect than real-world examples of those ideas. Later philosophers connected this plane to the idea of goodness, beauty, and then the Christian God. Various observers have also argued that the experience of beauty is evidence of the existence of a universal God.
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The distinction of Samuel's translation is its accuracy and faithfulness to the original. Some critics have been concerned that he introduced a number of Arabic words into Hebrew, and, by analogy with the Arabic, he gives to certain Hebrew words meanings different from the accepted ones. But generally the scope and success of his work are not questioned. Especially admirable is the skill with which he reproduces in Hebrew the abstract ideas of Maimonides, as Hebrew is essentially a language of a people expressing concrete ideas.
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While in Germany, he worked on several pieces for his portfolio, including the book We Read: A to Z (1967). After several suggestions from friends, he submitted it, and it was published by Harper & Row (now HarperCollins). The book relied on abstract ideas, rather than the clichés that were usually associated with ABC books. One classic example is the entry for the letter C: "Cc, corner: where the yellow is" is illustrated with a yellow square in the far corner of a red page in the book.
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It is important to create awareness for the state and federal ministry of education as policy makers in secondary schools of the need to inculcate audiovisual resource as main teaching pedagogy in curricula. The outcome is to promote the audiovisual material in secondary schools because they lack the resource to produce them. The visual instruction makes abstract ideas more concrete to the learners. This is to provide a basis for schools to understand the important roles in encouraging and supporting the use of audiovisual resource.
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Cambridge, UK: CUP Archive, 1973, p. 10Holy, p. 119 Discussions on the current state of communism and abstract ideas such as freedom and identity were also becoming more common; soon, non-party publications began appearing, such as the trade union daily Prace (Labour). This was also helped by the Journalists' Union, which by March 1968 had already persuaded the Central Publication Board, the government censor, to allow editors to receive uncensored subscriptions to foreign papers, allowing for a more international dialogue around the news.
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Berkeley declared that his intention was to make an inquiry into the First Principles of Human Knowledge in order to discover the principles that have led to doubt, uncertainty, absurdity, and contradiction in philosophy. In order to prepare the reader, he discussed two topics that lead to errors. First, he claimed that the mind cannot conceive abstract ideas. We can't have an idea of some abstract thing that is common to many particular ideas and therefore has, at the same time, many different predicates and no predicates.
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Abstractionism has its roots in Aristotle's writings, particularly those rejecting the Platonic theory of Forms. They were adopted and developed further by the Scholastics so that the doctrine became entrenched in the seventeenth century. John Locke also developed his own theory of abstract ideas although it was against the Scholastic theory of essences. For him, ideas originate through the senses and the materials or the sensory data provided by these become the basis of the way we form general ideas of classes of things.
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The third section guides individuals in a Habad Hasidic approach to repentance, to be able to prepare more deeply for the first part's guidance. The last two added sections give more complicated and in-depth Hasidic exposition of Kabbalistic concepts, the author uniting abstract ideas with the importance of everyday service and an emotion that must accompany it. These discourses are similar to the exegetical commentaries of Schneur Zalman in his other works, though here they sometimes take the form of letters to his followers, with more direct advice.
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The original graphic was used to show an upside down broken cross symbolizing the despair of man and the crucifixion of the Apostle Peter. This shows how visual images can change over time and be adapted in such powerful ways that it actually changes the meaning completely. Images are versatile, and coupled with the motive of the author, can provide key components to an argument. By being informed on how visual rhetoric interacts with its different components, a reader/viewer can reduce abstract ideas to a more tangible state.
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The years a student spends in the school should enable him/her to acquire principles of good conduct and action and lay solid foundation for true purposeful living when he/she attains adulthood. Principles of honesty, trust, cooperation, self-reliance and hard work are inculcated through various school activities. In these activities the student learns to do things himself/herself under the steady supervision of teachers. They are given the opportunity to see practical application of the abstract ideas of give and take that they learn in the classroom.
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MAMSER was an acronym for Mass Mobilization for Self Reliance, Social Justice, and Economic Recovery. It was an exercise in political orientation in Nigeria undertaken by President Babangida as one of the recommendations of the Political Bureau headed by Dr. Samuel Joseph Cookey. The bureau's task was to consult with thousands of Nigerians and recommend to the Armed Forces Ruling Council, a respectable and methodical transition program. The ruling council also wanted a national orientation to enunciate the abstract ideas in its economic policy and promote value orientation.
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The Copenhagen School of Linguistics evolved around Louis Hjelmslev and his developing theory of language, glossematics. Together with Viggo Brøndal he founded the Cercle Linguistique de Copenhague a group of linguists based on the model of the Prague Linguistic Circle. Within the circle the ideas of Brøndal and Hjelmslev were not always compatible. Hjelmslev’s more formalist approach attracted a group of followers, principal among them Hans Jørgen Uldall and Eli Fischer-Jørgensen, who would strive to apply Hjelmslev's abstract ideas of the nature of language to analyses of actual linguistic data.
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The channel was launched as The Jewelry Channel in 2007, but switched over to a discount liquidation model in 2009 and the new name Liquidation Channel due to a lack of demand for luxury items in the Great Recession, and to reduce confusion with the already-existing Jewelry Television. Jewelry Television sued Liquidation Channel for infringement of a reverse auction patent in June 2013. In October 2015, the Patent Trial and Appeal Board invalidated Jewelry Television's "abstract ideas" patent based on the previous Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank International ruling.
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Some practitioners argue that "texts" do not have to be confined to printed texts, but can include artifacts such as objects, physical spaces, and the like. Pertinent elements of an effective Socratic text Socratic seminar texts are able to challenge participants’ thinking skills by having these characteristics: #Ideas and values #Complexity and challenge #Relevance to participants' curriculum #Ambiguity 1\. Ideas and values The text must introduce ideas and values that are complex and difficult to summarize. Powerful discussions arise from personal connections to abstract ideas and from implications to personal values. 2\.
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In some studies, imaginary friends are defined as children impersonating a specific character (imagined by them), or objects or toys that are personified. However, some psychologists will define an imaginary friend only as a separate created character. Imaginary friends can be people, but they can also take the shape of other characters such as animals or other abstract ideas such as ghosts, monsters or angels. These characters can be created at any point during a lifetime, though Western culture suggests they are most acceptable in preschool- and school-age children.
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After Amebix's dissolution, Miller and his girlfriend Jen separated, which left him homeless and with no contact to his children. Soon after, he was involved in a motorcycle accident which led to him breaking his arm and destroying the only clothes he owned. While working in a hotel, Miller met a man whom he described as having "very abstract ideas about mythology", which led to him wanting to a pursue a career as a swordsmith. In 1991, he moved to the Isle of Skye, where he designed his first sword for a local.
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Aristotle reasoned that knowledge of natural phenomena was derived by abstraction from a sensory awareness of the natural world—in short, knowledge was obtained through sensory experience. A world constructed by abstract ideas alone could not exist. Furthermore, the structures inherent in nature are revealed through this process of abstraction, which may result in metaphysical principles that can be used to explain a variety of natural phenomena, including their causes and effects. Events that have no identifiable cause happen by chance and reside outside the boundaries of natural philosophy.
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MicroWorlds Logo MicroWorlds is a program that uses the Logo programming language to teach language, mathematics, programing, and robotics concepts in primary and secondary education. It features an object in the shape of a turtle that can be given commands to move around the screen drawing shapes, creating animations, and playing games. The program's use of Logo is part of a large set of dialects and implementations created by Seymour Papert aimed at triggering the development of abstract ideas by children through experimentation. MicroWorlds is developed by Logo Computer Systems Inc.
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The concept of ideasthesia bears implications for understanding how synesthesia develops in children. Synesthetic children may associate concrete sensory-like experiences primarily to the abstract concepts that they have otherwise difficulties dealing with. Synesthesia may thus be used as a cognitive tool to cope with the abstractness of the learning materials imposed by the educational system -- referred to also as a "semantic vacuum hypothesis". This hypothesis explains why the most common inducers in synesthesia are graphemes and time units -- both relating to the first truly abstract ideas that a child needs to master.
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Winter Light drew ambivalent responses in the American press. In Variety, it was billed as "an extremely moving and fascinating film for the religiously aware, and a somewhat boring one for the religiously indifferent". Judith Crist of the New York Herald Tribune wrote that the work "casts a gloom-tinged glare upon the human condition with chilling clarity", but found the film "bleak and cold in its abstract ideas". John Simon described it as "inferior Bergman" in The New Leader, but wrote that it still "deserves to be seen".
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In 1918, during the final months of the war, he published a revised version of his thesis and oversaw the first production of Die Verführung. An expressionist work, which put forth abstract and revisionist ideas, it attempted to encapsulate the universality of human aspiration. Character development and plot details were eschewed in favor of an atmosphere of hopeless inability to cope, which defeated the play's tragic protagonist. A subsequent expressionist drama, Himmel und Holle [Heaven and Hell] presented even more abstract ideas, but in a vein that was, to a greater degree, lyrical and ecstatic.
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Wundt: System der Philosophie, 1919, Volume 1, p. IX f. Wundt interpreted intellectual-cultural progress and biological evolution as a general process of development whereby, however, he did not want to follow the abstract ideas of entelechy, vitalism, animism, and by no means Schopenhauer's volitional metaphysics. He believed that the source of dynamic development was to be found in the most elementary expressions of life, in reflexive and instinctive behaviour, and constructed a continuum of attentive and apperceptive processes, volitional or selective acts, up to social activities and ethical decisions.
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Empiricist George Berkeley was equally critical of Locke's views in the Essay. Berkeley's most notable criticisms of Locke were first published in A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge, in which Berkeley holds that Locke's conception of abstract ideas are incoherent and lead to severe contradictions. He also argues that Locke's conception of material substance was unintelligible, a view which he also later advanced in the Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous. At the same time, Locke's work provided crucial groundwork for future empiricists such as David Hume.
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Communicating through abstract ideas is at the foundation of creativity and symbolic thought, including art, music, the written word, mathematics, and science. Winquist noted that in René Descartes' third Meditation, Descartes wrote that God transcended "subjective dominance." The very thought of God's attributes created doubt about the innate ability of human nature to comprehend the existence of God. It is enough to understand there is an infinite that can be judged, and that all these attributes clearly perceived and known imply perfection.... Thinking formulaically about God defies selfhood.
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Unger sets out to show how contemporary theories of law and society have been constrained by the false belief that law is a necessary expression of certain abstract ideas of social organization, such as democracy or market economy. Unger contends that these modes of social organization do not have any natural, necessary, or inevitable form. Unger begins The Critical Legal Studies Movement by critiquing formalism and objectivism, the ideas that he believes lie at the root of the necessitarian thinking that blinds us to law's transformative and constructive potential and possibilities. Formalism is the belief that lawmaking differs fundamentally from law application.
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Angling in troubled waters – a serio-comic map of Europe - National Library of Sweden In the later nineteenth and twentieth centuries the political potential of cartographic shapes became used more widely and began to be used for more blatantly propagandistic purposes.Barber and Harper 2010, p. 161. Map and globe can be used as symbols for abstract ideas because they are familiar to the masses and they harbor emotive connotations. Maps are often incorporated as an emblematic element in a larger design or are used to provide the visual framework on which a scenario is played out.
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When it came to the enforcement of contractual terms, the Court had no discretion and did not operate on the basis of abstract ideas; it operated on the basis of established legal rules.Para 32. The court found further that a person who signed a written agreement without reading it did so at his own risk and was consequently bound by the provisions contained therein as if he were aware of them and had expressly agreed thereto. There were exceptions, such as in the event of a legal duty to point out certain of the provisions in the contract,Paras 34-35.
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Baroque allegorical figures of Lady Justice, Prudence, fame and glory, on the façade of the 18th century Castellania, in Valletta Allegorical sculpture are sculptures of personifications of abstract ideas as in allegory. Common in the western world, for example, are statues of Lady Justice representing justice, traditionally holding scales and a sword, and the statues of Prudence, representing Truth by holding a mirror and squeezing a serpent. This approach of using human form and its posture, gesture and clothing to wordlessly convey social values and themes. It may be seen in funerary art as early as 1580.
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A nerve once set in motion by a particular object tends to reproduce that motion; so that when it a second time receives an impression from the same object it vibrates with less resistance. The sensation accompanying this increased flexibility in the nerve is, according to Bonnet, the condition of memory. When reflection—that is, the active element in mind—is applied to the acquisition and combination of sensations, those abstract ideas are formed which, though generally distinguished from, are thus merely sensations in combination only. That which puts the mind into activity is pleasure or pain; happiness is the end of human existence.
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Cognitive archaeology is a theoretical perspective in archaeology which focuses on the ways that ancient societies thought and the symbolic structures that can be perceived in past material culture. Cognitive archaeologists often study the role that ideology and differing organizational approaches would have had on ancient peoples. The way that these abstract ideas are manifested through the remains that these peoples have left can be investigated and debated often by drawing inferences and using approaches developed in fields such as semiotics, psychology and the wider sciences. Humans do not behave under the influence of their senses alone but also through their past experiences such as their upbringing.
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In the mid-1960s Vidor crafted a 26-minute 16mm movie that sets forth his philosophy on the nature of individual perception. Narrated by the director, and quoting from theologian-philosophers Jonathan Edwards and Bishop Berkeley, the images serve to complement the abstract ideas he sets forth. The film is a discourse on subjective idealism, which maintains that the material world is an illusion, existing only in the human mind: humanity creates the world they experience.Durgnat and Simmon, 1988: p. 123: “In the unyielding terms of Jonathan Edwards (theologian), which Vidor cites approvingly in Truth and Illusions (1964), the material world exists only in the mind.
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Sellers observation of Africans watching his mobile cinema led him to some regressive conclusions. Seller was of the opinion that sophisticated filming techniques such as panning, flash-backs, quick cuts, and excessive movement within the frame confused uneducated Africans. He doubted the effectiveness of instructional films that use many props and characters to the uneducated African audience and also felt uneducated Africans lack the imagination to view scenes that are unfamiliar to them, reasoning that since films project an incomplete picture, the uneducated Africans have a hard time filling the missing spots. In addition, he questioned whether uneducated Africans can understand two dimensional images and abstract ideas.
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Brandenburg Gate Museum, Berlin German Football Museum, Dortmund Museum Leuchtenburg, Seitenroda FIFA World Football Museum, Zürich Planet m pavilion, Expo 2000 Hanover Exhibition Working life of the future on MS Wissenschaft The agency focusses on spatial communication and sees itself as a Think & Do Tank. Its main goal is to turn complex ideas into tangible experiences. Although the content of the projects varies, the method used for their development is always the same: the creation of stories that can be experienced from abstract ideas. A key component of this process is the development of a narrative that structures the messages and guides the visitor through the exhibition.
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People judge all aspects of their lives, including events, people, and society. If an event is close in time, we are more likely to think in terms of concrete low-level construals, making the details more important. If an event is further away, however, we think more in terms of abstract overall ideas that follow high-level construals. When judging how much time it takes to finish a task, participants in a series of studies thought it would take them more time to complete a task when it was further in the future (temporally distant), posed as hypothetical (hypothetically distant) or when they were primed with abstract ideas beforehand.
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In Funk (1948), the Court said ideas (natural principles) could not be patented and that the device utilized in that case "may have been the product of skill, [but] it certainly was not the product of invention"; yet, the Court did not yet state in terms that the key to patenting the implementation of an idea is inventive implementation. In Flook (1978), Mayo (2012), and Alice (2014), the Court expressly held that abstract ideas could not be patented and their implementations could be patented only when the implementations were inventive rather than routine or conventional. The last three cases represent the present state of US law on this point.
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The number systems for English nouns is a simple singular-plural distinction, of which the singular is the base form – meaning that the singular is changed somehow to form a plural, in English this is usually the addition of '-s' ('cat' > 'cats'). Any English noun can be placed into one of three sub-classes within this two-way system: # Nouns that can be used in either the singular (sing.) or plural (pl.), these make up the vast majority of non-abstract things – 'cat', 'star', 'tree'. # Nouns that can normally only be used in the sing., these are mainly abstract ideas and uncountable things – 'honesty', 'milk', 'health', 'flour'.
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The original Trovato panel decision used the Freeman-Walter-Abele test to find that Trovato's claims were ineligible "abstract ideas." The vacatur order did not give any reason why the original opinion by Judge Nies was incorrect.For a discussion of the Trovato case, in which the conclusion is drawn that "the Federal Circuit's underlying message is clear: The future of software patents has arrived, and Trovato is now part of that future"—see E. A. Uhl, Sent Back to the Future of Software Patents, In re Trovato, 21 U. 757 (1995). No subsequent Federal Circuit opinion was based on the Freeman-Walter-Abele test.
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According to the inscription, the building in which the college was housed took the form of a shrine (aedicula) and pergola, with an attached covered solarium. It had a marble statue of Aesculapius, a god of healing. The cult of Aesculapius and Hygia had come to Rome in 293 BC. Although Hygia had been officially recognized as the counterpart of Roman Salus ("Health, Wellbeing, Salvation, Security") in 180 BC, she was rarely cultivated apart from Aesculapius, and her devotees at Rome were typically Greek.Harold Lucius Axtell, The Deification of Abstract Ideas in Roman Literature and Inscriptions (University of Chicago Press, 1907), pp. 14–15.
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In 2007, CLS Bank sued Alice in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia seeking a declaratory judgment that Alice's patents were invalid and unenforceable and that CLS Bank had not infringed them. Alice countersued CLS Bank for infringement of the patents. After the court had allowed initial, limited discovery on the questions of CLS Bank's operations and its relationship to the allegedly infringing CLS Bank system, the court ruled on the parties' cross-motions for summary judgment. It declared each of Alice's patents invalid because the claims concerned abstract ideas, which are not eligible for patent protection under 35 U.S.C. § 101.
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Hartshorne called for systematic analysis of the elements that varied from place to place, a project taken up by the quantitative revolution. Cultural geography was sidelined by the positivist tendencies of this effort to make geography into a hard science although writers such as David Lowenthal continued to write about the more subjective, qualitative aspects of landscape. In the 1970s, new kind of critique of positivism in geography directly challenged the deterministic and abstract ideas of quantitative geography. A revitalized cultural geography manifested itself in the engagement of geographers such as Yi-Fu Tuan and Edward Relph and Anne Buttimer with humanism, phenomenology, and hermeneutics.
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Over a period of four-and-a-half months, the group gradually translated the script's abstract ideas into more concrete, enactable scenes, though Merhige emphasized that the rehearsals were focused on group cohesion rather than precise choreography. Merhige later revealed to UltraCulture host Jason Louv that he strove to imbue the film with the same ritualistic and tribal aspects associated with alchemical and hermetic traditions. To that end he worked closely with the film’s cast, experimenting with various techniques such as hypnosis and meditation in order to help the cast achieve a mental state of what he called "universal stream" rather than having the actors simply mimic those aspects.
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On 12 January 1353 he was elected bishop of Bamberg, his native diocese, and remained there until his death on 28 October 1363. In the struggle between Louis IV and Popes John XXII, Benedict XII, and Clement VI, Lupold was among the jurists who took the emperor's side. His treatise De juribus regni et imperii Romanorum,First published by J. Wimpfeling in Strasbourg in 1508; then S. Schard, in De jurisdictione, auctoritate, et præeminentia imperiali ac potestate ecclesiastica variis auctoribus scripta, Basel, 1566. dedicated to Louis' supporter, the elector Baldwin of Trier, deals less with abstract ideas and Aristotelian politics than with historical considerations.
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He takes these abstract ideas and literally allows them to abstract the things he is drawn to. The edges of his world blur, creating images at once literal and metaphoric, apocalyptic and expectant. They are transcendent, reconciling the forces of nature with man’s optimistic attempt at permanence; within each a recurring cycle of cultural death and exultant rebirth." Sheridan V. Merritt, Professor Emeritus, University of La Verne, in his catalog essay for riverrun at the Irene Carlson Gallery of Photography, wrote: "I must admit, when I began viewing Ray Carofano’s images of the Los Angeles Flood Channel I did not expect—did not intend—to find beauty, tenderness, resilience, or reason for optimism there.
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Changes of old Lithuanian culture became mostly evident in a sphere of religion. We know only approximately what new elements had been introduced into (old) Lithuanian culture, clothing and so on in the beginning of this period. But the popular-kind simplifying (or becoming more rustic) of old Lithuanian religion is an unquestioned thing. The ritual became strictly connected with the calendar of rural works and other factors of this kind; witnesses of that time found a multitude of sacred objects (they simply described them as "gods"), which were connected totally with all material life, but didn't refer to more philosophically common or abstract ideas (in opposition to descriptions of religion in the 14th century).
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Similarly to other MMORPGs, City of Heroes/Villains had various items that were rewarded within the game. However, many of these items were described as intangible or other-worldly; such as "inspirations" (temporary power-ups) or "inf" (an abbreviation of "influence," "infamy," or "information," for Heroes, Villains, and Praetorians, respectively, which was used instead of money), which were abstract ideas in the real world. "Enhancements" — slottable attribute boosts — also covered a range of ideas and items from magic enchantments to technological gadgets to training techniques. With the release of Issue 6, while in supergroup mode, a setting that could be toggled on and off, players accumulated prestige points which were used to improve the supergroup base.
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For Knight "picturesque" means simply "after the manner of painting", a point which is important to his further discussion of sensation, which in Knight's view is central to the understanding of painting and music which are "addressed to the organs of sight and hearing", while poetry and sculpture appeal "entirely to the imagination and passions." The latter must be understood in terms of associations of ideas, while the former rely on the "irritation" or friction of sensitive parts of the body. Knight's view was that artists should seek to reproduce primal visual sensations, not the mental interpretative processes which give rise to abstract ideas. For Knight, colour is experienced directly as pleasurable sensation.
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The fate of the hero is equally unhappy for Lukács: unlike Girard, who believes that the hero's conversion is the discovery of authentic values, Lukács believes that the conversion of the hero is the discovery of the impossibility of authentic values. The Lukács and Girard converge again, however, when they discuss the place of authentic values in the work. As Goldmann explains, the authentic values are not concretely present in the work; rather, they are only present abstractly in the mind of the writer. The writer cannot concretely place authentic values in the work because novels have no place for abstract ideas -- it would be like putting a square peg in a round hole.
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The subject matter of the invention was held to be an abstract idea and not a manner of manufacture within the meaning of the term in the Patents Act. The same Full Federal Court in another decision regarding the patentability of an invention regarding a method and system for assessing an individual’s competency in relation to certain criterion, reiterated that a business method or mere scheme were per se are not patentable.. In principle, computer software is still a valid patentable subject matter in Australia. But, in circumstances where patents have been sought over software to merely implement abstract ideas or business methods, the courts and the Commissioner of Patents have resisted granting patent protection to such applications both as a matter of statutory interpretation and policy.
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Since childhood, Mudgett has always shown a strong interest in art. At the age of nine he visited the Barnes Collection in Dallas, where he had a first taste of what was possible in painting. His first meeting with the great masters like Van Gogh, Cézanne and Picasso opened his eyes to the possibility of what art can do, not only for the human spirit, but also as a way of transforming abstract ideas into something that can to be universally shared and understood. However, his journey into the visual arts world does not begin until 2011, after 15 years of music career, when he felt he needed a more immediate and direct form of self-expression to satisfy his creative impulses.
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By the turn of the 19th century, there was a shift in the meaning of calculation. The talented mathematicians and other intellectuals who produced creative and abstract ideas were regarded separately from those who were able to perform tedious and repetitive computations. Before the 19th century, calculation was regarded as a task for the academics, while afterwards, calculations were associated with unskilled laborers. This was accompanied by a shift in gender roles as well, as women, who were usually underrepresented in mathematics at the time, were hired to perform extensive computations for the tables as well as other computational government projects until the end of World War II. This shift in the interpretation of calculation was largely due to de Prony's calculation project during the French Revolution.
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A Professor Tholuck wrote in 1835 that the doctrine of Universalism "came particularly into notice through Jung-Stilling, that eminent man who was a particular instrument in the hand of God for keeping up evangelical truth in the latter part of the former century, and at the same time a strong patron to that doctrine." Schopenhauer referred to Jung-Stilling in his example of how rational humans, unlike irrational animals, are prone to error. People can use, according to Schopenhauer, abstract ideas to make other people do anything they wish: "In the year 1818 seven thousand Chiliasts moved from Württemberg into the neighborhood of Ararat, because the new kingdom of God, specially announced by Jung-Stilling, was to appear there."The World as Will and Representation, vol.
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The man then counters his insecurity by purchasing a material object that functions as a status symbol, something that both he and others will recognize as a mark of success. The relationship between self-completion theory and materialism is further shown through individuals' tendency to externalize their concerns about their lives by acquiring symbol-objects that reinforce and improve their self-definitions. In terms of goods/objects as individuals' status symbols, greater emphasis is placed on tangible, material objects, as they can be recognized and understood as status symbols by a wider audience than are intangible and abstract ideas. In the same vein, materialism reinforces symbolic self-completion particularly in a societies that are structured in such a way that the consumption of prestigious objects is seen as the best remedy for insecurity.
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Then the human being would lead a truly worthy existence. > Schiller was trying to build an inner bridge between the Person in the > immediate reality and the 'ideal human being'. He wrote these ‘Letters’ > during the time and context of the French Revolution. This revolution was > driven by a desire for outer social changes to enable human personalities to > become free. But both Schiller and Goethe recognised that freedom cannot be > ‘imposed’ from the outside but must arise from within each person. Whilst he > had an artistic nature, Schiller was more at home in the realm of > philosophic thoughts and although Goethe found much pleasure in these > ‘Letters’ of Schiller, he felt that the approach concerning the forces in > the soul was too simply stated and, it should be said, working in abstract > ideas was not Goethe's way.
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Here Hume finds three "natural relations" guiding the imagination: resemblance, contiguity, and causation. But the imagination remains free to compare ideas along any of seven "philosophical relations": resemblance, identity, space/time, quantity/number, quality/degree, contrariety, and causation. Hume finishes this discussion of complex ideas with a skeptical account of our ideas of substances and modes: though both are nothing more than collections of simple ideas associated together by the imagination, the idea of a substance also involves attributing either a fabricated "unknown something, in which [the particular qualities] are supposed to inhere" or else some relations of contiguity or causation binding the qualities together and fitting them to receive new qualities should any be discovered. Hume finishes Part 1 by arguing (following Berkeley) that so-called 'abstract ideas' are in fact only particular ideas used in a general way.
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Harger is one of the co-founders (with Adam Hyde in 1998) of r a d i o q u a l i a, a group which explores how broadcasting technologies can create new artistic forms and how audio can be used to illuminate abstract ideas and processes. They have exhibited at museums, galleries and festivals, including: NTT ICC, Tokyo; New Museum, New York; Gallery 9, Walker Art Center, USA; Sónar, Barcelona; FACT centre in Liverpool; Ars Electronica, Linz, Austria; Experimental Art Foundation, Australia; Maison Européenne de la Photographie, Paris; and the Physics Room, New Zealand. One of the collective's main projects is Radio Astronomy, an art and science project which broadcasts sounds intercepted from space live on the internet and on the airwaves. The project is achieved in collaboration with radio telescopes around the world.
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Following several landmark decisions by this court, by the early 1990s the patentability of software was well established, and in 1996 the USPTO issued Final Computer Related Examination Guidelines stating that "A practical application of a computer-related invention is statutory subject matter. This requirement can be discerned from the variously phrased prohibitions against the patenting of abstract ideas, laws of nature or natural phenomena" (emphasis added). The recent expansion of the Internet and e-commerce has led to many patents being applied for and being granted for business methods implemented in software and the question of whether business methods are statutory subject matter is a separate issue from the question of whether software is. Critics of the Federal Circuit believe that the non- obviousness standard is partly responsible for the large increase in patents for software and business methods.
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" Devaney, reviewing for Crack Magazine, called it "just as tragically captivating than ever before," reasoning, "There is a sense of lethargy throughout the record but it is greatly outweighed by striking moments of ethereal bliss along with the profound reflections of an isolated intellect." The A.V. Clubs Sean O'Neal praised the album's "undeniably hypnotic pull" and "haunting, churning synth lines rendered with impressive precision," but criticized its "stupid" and seemingly provocative lyrical content. Exclaim! reviewer Cole Firth described the songs as "so clearly laboured over and full of detail that their impact as a whole, coupled with bizarre and often-obfuscated lyrics, can easily wash over a first-time listener." No Ripcord felt Maus' perfectionist and academic method of songwriting led it to occasionally "lose[] its luster, especially during the second half," when "Maus can sometimes lose himself into his own abstract ideas.
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They represent these two states of being - like water attempting to be vapor and ice at one and the same time. The "thickening of time" results from the image of the "art of memory," from which Yairi sets out to make his recent series of photographs, following in the path of Simonides of Ceos (556-468 B.C.E), the Greek poet considered to be the father of mnemonics (the art of aiding memory). Simonides' method of remembering is based on the "translation" of abstract concepts into concrete objects and their imaginary placement in a space well known to the memorizer, based on the assumption that concrete images are easier to remember than abstract ideas. Thus, for example, a poem can be translated into a series of mnemonic images that can be installed in the home of the memorizer.
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In analysis of its causes, nonkilling encompasses the concepts of peace (absence of war and conditions conducive to war), nonviolence (psychological, physical, and structural), and ahimsa (noninjury in thought, word and deed)."Nonkilling Global Society", in Peace Building, edited by Ada Aharoni, in Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), Developed under the auspices of the UNESCO, 2005, Eolss Publishers, Oxford. Not excluding any of the latter, nonkilling provides a distinct approach characterized by the measurability of its goals and the open-ended nature of its realization. While the usage of terms such as "nonviolence" and "peace" often follow the classical form of argument through abstract ideas leading to passivity, killing (and its opposite, nonkilling), it can be quantified and related to specific causes, for example by following a public health perspective (prevention, intervention and post-traumatic transformation toward the progressive eradication of killing), as in the World Report on Public Health.
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While most languages do not use wholly logographic writing systems, many languages use some logograms. A good example of modern western logograms are the Arabic numerals: everyone who uses those symbols understands what 1 means whether they call it one, eins, uno, yi, ichi, ehad, ena, or jedan. Other western logograms include the ampersand &, used for and, the at sign @, used in many contexts for at, the percent sign % and the many signs representing units of currency ($, ¢, €, £, ¥ and so on.) Logograms are sometimes called ideograms, a word that refers to symbols which graphically represent abstract ideas, but linguists avoid this use, as Chinese characters are often semantic–phonetic compounds, symbols which include an element that represents the meaning and a phonetic complement element that represents the pronunciation. Some nonlinguists distinguish between lexigraphy and ideography, where symbols in lexigraphies represent words and symbols in ideographies represent words or morphemes.
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As articulated by U.S. Chief Justice John Roberts, "The way to stop discrimination on the basis of race, is to stop discriminating on the basis of race." In Social Inequality and Social Stratification in US Society, Christopher Doob writes that "color-blind racism" represents "whites' assertion that they are living in a world where racial privilege no longer exists, but their behavior “supports” racialized structures and practices". The sociologist Eduardo Bonilla-Silva has described four "frames" that he says guide color-blind thinking. According to Bonilla-Silva, abstract liberalism is the most important of these frames and forms the foundation of color-blind ideology. This involves invoking “abstract” ideas such as "equal opportunity" and "individual choice" while opposing “concrete” proposals to “reduce” inequality. This perspective tends to “ignore” the “under-representation” of people of color in prestigious jobs and schools, along with institutional practices that encourage segregation.
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Max Wertheimer (1880–1943), Kurt Koffka (1886–1941), and Wolfgang Köhler (1887–1967) founded Gestalt psychology in the early 20th century. The dominant view in psychology at the time was structuralism, exemplified by the work of Hermann von Helmholtz (1821–1894), Wilhelm Wundt (1832–1920), and Edward B. Titchener (1867–1927). Structuralism was rooted firmly in British empiricism and was based on three closely interrelated theories: (1) "atomism," also known as "elementalism," the view that all knowledge, even complex abstract ideas, is built from simple, elementary constituents, (2) "sensationalism," the view that the simplest constituents—the atoms of thought—are elementary sense impressions, and (3) "associationism," the view that more complex ideas arise from the association of simpler ideas. Together, these three theories give rise to the view that the mind constructs all perceptions and even abstract thoughts strictly from lower-level sensations that are related solely by being associated closely in space and time.
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"To address all forms of violence we encourage scientific research in the fields of human interaction and dialogue and we invite participation from the academic, scientific and religious communities to aid us in the transition to nonviolent, and nonkilling societies". In analysis of its causes, nonkilling encompasses the concepts of peace (absence of war and conditions conducive to war), nonviolence (psychological, physical, and structural), and ahimsa (noninjury in thought, word and deed). Not excluding any of the latter, nonkilling provides a distinct approach characterized by the measurability of its goals and the open-ended nature of its realization. While the usage of terms such as "nonviolence" and "peace" often follow the classical form of argument through abstract ideas leading to passivity, killing (and its opposite, nonkilling), it can be quantified and related to specific causes by following a clinical perspective (prevention, intervention and post-traumatic transformation toward the progressive eradication of killing).
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Fogelin arguesFogelin, R.J., (1992) Philosophical Interpretations, Oxford University Press, page 75 that the reason this exception is a genuine exception that can be safely ignored is because despite being simple ideas, colours and shades can be organised into a highly organised colour space, (and that sounds and tastes, etc., can be similarly organised.) Hume allows that some simple ideas can be seen to be similar to one another without them sharing anything in common. The proviso that they do not share anything in common is important because otherwise this feature might be separated off and this would show that the original idea was in fact complex. In a note added to the Treatise commenting on abstract ideas Hume says: It is this very ability to recognize similarity that enables us to arrange the shades of blue in order and to notice that two adjoining shades differ more than any two other adjoining shades.
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Burke claimed that the American Revolution was justified because King George III had overstepped his customary rights by imposing taxes on the American colonists without their consent. Burke opposed the French Revolution because he opposed its anti-traditionalism and its use of abstract ideas, such as the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen and its universal egalitarianism that Burke rebuked by claiming that it effectively endorsed "hairdressers" being able to be politicians. In Britain, the traditionalist conservative movement was represented in the British Conservative Party. Conservative Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Benjamin Disraeli sought to address social problems affecting the working class due to lack of assistance from the laissez-faire economy and formed his one nation conservatism that claimed that lack of assistance for the lower classes had divided British society into two nations – the rich and the poor as the result of unrestrained private enterprise, he claimed that he sought to break down.
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Mitchell J. Nathan is Full Professor of Educational Psychology, Chair of the Learning Science program in the School of Education at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and a researcher at the Wisconsin Center for Education Research. Nathan uses experimental design and video based discourse analysis methods to study learning and teaching in school settings. His research investigates the role of prior knowledge and invented strategies in the development of algebraic thinking, the notion of Expert Blind Spot Expert Blind Spot Among Preservice Teachers - Nathan and Petrosino 40 (4): 905 - American Educational Research Journal to explain teachers' instructional decision making, and how teachers use gestures, embodiment and objects to convey abstract ideas during instruction. He is principal researcher for the STAAR project (Supporting the Transition from Arithmetic to Algebraic Reasoning) funded through the IERI program by the National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Education’s Institute for Educational Sciences, and National Institutes of Health-NICHD), and has secured over $10 million in research funds as a PI or co-PI.
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These fans are used in Japanese myths to exorcise evil, by blowing it away; Sasuke discovers late in the series that he has the ability to "blow away" the influence of the Nine-Tailed Fox on Naruto. Foxes (kitsune tsuki) are tricksters in Japanese mythology, and in some stories they take over human bodies; Plumb comments on the obvious similarities to the Nine-Tail sealed in Naruto, and the pranks Naruto plays. Christopher A. Born notes that the Naruto storyline contains traditional Confucian values, and suggests that students who analyse manga such as Naruto and Bleach will learn more about Confucianism than they would from studying its abstract ideas. Norman Melchor Robles Jr. evaluated the portrayal of both positive and negative ideas in Naruto by counting words in the script which were associated with either violence or positive values; he found that a small majority of tagged words were violent, but commented that the portrayal of violence seemed organized to show how positive strategies on the part of the protagonists could overcome the violence.
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" The killer is likely to be mentally-ill as well; giallo killers are almost always motivated by insanity caused by some past psychological trauma, often of a sexual nature (and sometimes depicted in flashbacks). The emphasis on madness and subjective perception has roots in the giallo novels (for example, Sergio Martino's Your Vice Is a Locked Room and Only I Have the Key was based on Edgar Allan Poe's short story "The Black Cat", which deals with a psychologically unstable narrator) but also finds expression in the tools of cinema: The unsteady mental state of both victim and killer is often mirrored by the wildly-exaggerated style and unfocused narrative common to many gialli. Writer Mikel J. Koven posits that gialli reflect an ambivalence over the social upheaval modernity brought to Italian culture in the 1960s. > "The changes within Italian culture... can be seen throughout the giallo > film as something to be discussed and debated -- issues pertaining to > identity, sexuality, increasing levels of violence, women's control over > their own lives and bodies, history, the state -- all abstract ideas, which > are all portrayed situationally as human stories in the giallo film.
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