171 Sentences With "abstract idea" | Random Sentence Generator

It's an abstract idea, so how do you express it onscreen?

To simplify, populists of the left talk about fairness: an abstract idea.

For anyone under thirty or so, that's only been an abstract idea.

By itself, virus screening is well-known and constitutes an abstract idea.

But they're often backed by an abstract idea, or nothing at all.

But they're often backed by an abstract idea or nothing at all.

No. I have an abstract idea that I'd like to play golf.

You can't build them on friendship, or this abstract idea of living together.

But they're often backed by an abstract idea or in some cases, nothing at all.

But they're often backed by an abstract idea, or in some cases, nothing at all.

Now your love is more of an abstract idea: a thought more than a feeling.

Is it, to you, the abstract idea that journalism is about being adversarial and challenging authority?

So many people when they retire have an abstract idea that they'd like to play golf.

This is partly because that's an incredibly abstract idea, one that's hard to depict on screen.

" When asked if he sympathizes with the protestors, Walker said: "A prison is not an abstract idea to me.

" I ask, "So, it's that effort to depict a particular subject, even an abstract idea, that seizes your imagination?

Desert Island embodies an "abstract idea of punk rock," Mr. Fowler said, by operating on a no-restrictions consignment basis.

But on Wednesday he said that abstract idea faded as he was personally faced with the possibility of signing death warrants.

A good essay will demonstrate how citizenship is not an abstract idea, but is, in fact, action inspired by constitutional principles.

It is an abstract idea, and one that after a half century of international discussion and standard-setting has become extremely complicated.

That's because they run into another political issue: Americans, increasingly, tend to support the abstract idea of the right to own guns.

Fairness is an abstract idea subject to objective tests—ie, are firms colluding or foreign countries dumping goods into markets at a loss?

We can't understand as humans that global warming is coming and it's going to crush us all because it's such an abstract idea.

The dictatorship is an abstract idea for many voters in this country of nearly seven million people, where the median age is 25.

Far from fluff, good story-telling is a crucial leadership skill for motivating commitment and moving a strategy from abstract idea to action.

Judge Lynn seems to suggest in her ruling that what iLife's patent application describes isn't unique or new, but more of an abstract idea.

And it will have to find a coherent, compelling narrative in a heartfelt if abstract idea about how music defined people's lives in that era.

For me, using a number allowed me to break down the larger, abstract idea into smaller, attainable increments and monitor my progress throughout the year.

That's because they run into another political issue: Americans, increasingly in recent years, tend to support the abstract idea of the right to own guns.

The thought creates a feeling—the thought might at first be only an abstract idea or a memory, but a feeling follows on from it helplessly.

Where consciousness is studied, it's more likely to be in terms of psychology and as a concept or abstract idea than as a rigorously defined physiological phenomenon.

That's in part because they run into another political issue: Americans, increasingly in recent years, tend to support the abstract idea of the right to own guns.

Atlanta is a city that gets caught between preserving its history and developing to meet some abstract idea of what transplants might want, and Sweet Auburn is proof.

She explains how the abstract idea for "a new park" is meaningless unless it accounts for the instinctive ways that residents in the area currently use constructed spaces.

In a decision on Tuesday, a unanimous three-judge panel of the Federal Circuit said Solutran's check-processing system is essentially an abstract idea, which cannot be patented.

Fortune is such an abstract idea to the struggling Kims that Ki-woo's mother, Chung-sook, wonders why Min couldn't have just brought them something to eat instead.

Sometimes freedom, if you think of freedom too much as a noun, it can become an abstract idea, or it can become, as social scientists might say, reified.

There are striking similarities to Kesha's lengthy legal battle with her former producer Dr. Luke, but "Mood Music" grew out of an abstract idea rather than a specific case.

She will just give me an abstract idea — it can even just be a color," he says, "and often I don't even see the clothes until the day before.

A federal appeals court on Tuesday revived a non-practicing entity's patent infringement case against video chipmaker Nvidia Corp, finding that the asserted patent does not claim an abstract idea.

Mike's elegant artwork accompanies an abstract idea (from our annual "The World If" supplement) that the Moon and early life on Earth might be more closely linked than we thought.

While it's true that clubbing, as an abstract idea rather than a sweatily concrete reality, might be going through a bit of a damp patch, it's not all so bad.

So what were the memes telling us, if anything, about how teenage meme makers are perceiving the Iranian conflict and the larger, more abstract idea of a third World War?

" Though the two words are sometimes used interchangeably, an "idea" is defined as "a thought or suggestion as to a possible course of action," while a concept is "an abstract idea.

How do we represent its passage when time is an abstract idea, yet (as the linguist George Lakoff points out) we often discuss it as though it were a physical object?

In its unanimous decision, the Court held that patent claims that simply add "do it on a computer" to an abstract idea are not eligible for patent protection under U.S. patent law.

The first prong is to determine if the claims are drawn to a law of nature, a natural phenomenon or an abstract idea, which are court-created exclusions to patentable subject matter.

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said a lower court erred in ruling that a Boehringer patent describing a specific diabetes treatment method was a patent-ineligible abstract idea.

CLS Bank International held that where a patent claim is based on an abstract idea, which is not patentable, using generic computer implementation does not transform that idea into a patentable invention.

For fractions, for example, teachers might ask students to apply the underlying principle "part of a whole" in different contexts, making use of pictorial representations and other visual techniques to explore the abstract idea.

U.S. District Judge Richard Andrews ruled invalid three of the six patents WiLAN accused the tech giants of infringing, saying they covered a patent-ineligible abstract idea and did not add an inventive concept.

But it came just a few days after Simmons and Wambach spoke about the concept of women's pro soccer as if it remained some abstract idea, rather than something that exists and is growing.

After years of vetting, their lives and families are being torn apart, and many longtime residents likely fear their right to live here could be revoked should the abstract idea of "national security" be invoked.

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit affirmed a lower court ruling that three patents relating to multifactor authentication technology held by StrikeForce were invalid because they described a patent-ineligible abstract idea.

It's an abstract idea for starters, and a personal cost that's far harder to quantify given how unclear it is what Google really does with the data it gathers and processes in its algorithmic black boxes.

U.S. District Judge Barbara Lynn in Dallas overturned a patent infringement verdict iLife Technologies Inc won against Nintendo, saying iLife's patent was invalid because it covered an abstract idea and did not add an inventive concept.

The newfound reproducibility of the individual work of art through these technologies meant that art was deprived of its "aura": "the here and now of the original" or "the abstract idea of its genuineness," as Benjamin writes.

Politicians like Chairman Smith attack the abstract idea of "regulation" because it polls better than saying that they think it is fine to let companies pollute our air and water without having to clean up after themselves.

BRUSSELS (Reuters) - Brexit may be an abstract idea for many Britons but for compatriots living in continental Europe Thursday's EU membership referendum has a very real impact — especially on those working for the Union itself in Brussels.

The appeals court said the ChargePoint patents, which relate to networked electric vehicle charging technology, described an abstract idea not eligible for legal protection under Section 101 of the Patent Act, which deals with patentable subject matter.

Fast-forward to 2017, ObamaCare is no longer some abstract idea passed by members of Congress who couldn't even be bothered to read the bill because, after all, they weren't going to have to live under it.

By feeding an artificial neural network a ton of handwritten examples of the number four, however, an algorithm can "learn" to generalize qualities from individual examples and form an abstract idea of what a written four looks like.

The court affirmed a determination by the Patent Trial and Appeal Board that a TTI patent on a method of displaying market information on a screen was invalid because it claimed an abstract idea, adopting arguments by Interactive Brokers Group Inc.

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit affirmed a set of rulings by the Patent Trial and Appeal Board that key claims in seven Smartflash patents relating to data storage technology were invalid because they described an abstract idea.

Worse, the plot is weak, with neither a convincing villain (a caricaturish white officer who periodically snarls and speaks chaste Urdu with a British accent) or a compelling cause (an abstract idea of freedom and slavery that no character is able to articulate).

The high court declined to hear a petition in which Cisco, represented by Bill Lee of Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale & Dorr, argued patents owned by SRI International Inc are invalid because they recite only the abstract idea of collecting and analyzing data.

"Overall, claim 1 encompasses a sensor that senses data, a processor that processes data, and a communications device that communicates data, and no further inventive concept is recited to transform the abstract idea into a patent-eligible invention," Lynn writes in her ruling.

When he began working on "Exit West" four years ago, he started with an abstract idea: a global network of passageways that circumvent borders, allowing migrants to immediately cross oceans and continents and erasing the already porous barriers between nations and cultures.

U.S. District Judge Katherine Forrest said Scheindlin oversimplified TiVo's technology when she found it was an abstract idea that was not eligible for patenting, and that Scheindlin's analysis was complicated by the "somewhat confused" state of the law on patent eligibility as it stood in February.

It's a fucking abstract idea, perhaps with its own songs for each specific set of person, but universal in that it can be understood by anyone who has ever been excited by the prospect of leaving the house in shorts for the first time that year.

U.S. District Judge Colm Connolly in Delaware ruled on Tuesday that In-Depth Test LLC's patent was invalid because it essentially covered the abstract idea of "doing math," granting judgment on the pleadings in a pair of infringement lawsuits In-Depth filed against Maxim and Vishay in 2014.

Reversing a Delaware judge, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said a KPN patent on data transmission technology did not claim an abstract idea and therefore was valid under Section 101 of the Patent Act, which describes what subject matter is eligible for patent protection.

The president could prolong the shutdown by not signing a funding bill, but Democrats should be confident that though the public may be in favor of the abstract idea of a "secure border," Trump's specific recommendations, including the wall, have been met with skepticism, if not downright revulsion.

As the president, governors, mayors and public health officials urge Americans to make a most unusual kind of sacrifice — stay home even if you're not ill — the nation remains deeply divided over whether to forsake normal routines for what can sound like an abstract idea of the common good.

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said patents asserted by Smart Systems Innovations LLC against the Chicago Transit Authority are invalid because they relate to the abstract idea of paying for a subway or bus ride with a credit card, which is not eligible for patent protection.

As the EFF points out, Securus' patent for establishing someone else to pay prisoner's phone bills should have been rejected as obvious: third-party payment is already a well-established business practice and a previous court ruling precludes patenting an abstract idea simply because it was realized with existing technology.

His mistake was presuming it would be clear that he recognizes the existence of an "establishment" that is progressive; in any other circumstance, most liberals would likely have agreed with the abstract idea that there are certain institutions that act as gatekeepers of mainstream progressive thoughts and priorities, which is why internal disagreements among progressives are totally ordinary.

Effectively allowing lawsuits against a slew of videogame publishers to go ahead, a three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ruled in favor of visual effects company McRO, and its MoloLamken attorneys, that two of the company's patents were not invalid for covering an abstract idea, rather than a bona fide invention.

Q. & A. The new novel by the great Japanese author Haruki Murakami, "Killing Commendatore" features (for a start) a mysterious bell that rings by itself; an abstract idea that steals the body of a two-foot-tall man in a painting; and an odd trip to an underworld frequented by, among other things, some scary Double Metaphors.

U.S. District Judge Rodney Gilstrap on Friday rejected Wells Fargo's claim that the patents were invalid because they covered only the "abstract idea of taking a picture" by having a computer perform the steps that humans routinely take to compose a good photograph, such as checking the lighting and making sure that nothing important gets left out.

But at the same time there was a palpable desire to claim the still-smoking Notre-Dame for some abstract idea of liberal modernity, a swift enlistment of various architects and chin-strokers to imagine how the cathedral (owned by the French government, thanks to an earlier liberal effort to claim authority over Christian faith) might be reconstructed to be somehow more secular and cosmopolitan, more of a cathedral for our multicultural times.

Accordingly, we find the claims at issue are > not directed to an abstract idea. That ended the § 101 analysis: > Because the claims are not directed to an abstract idea under step one of > the Alice analysis, we do not need to proceed to step two of that analysis. > . . . [W]e think it is clear for the reasons stated that the claims are not > directed to an abstract idea, and so we stop at step one.

A business method must be more than an abstract idea or theorem, otherwise it is not patentable in Canada. In order to be patentable, the business method must have a practical application. However, a business method that is an abstract idea does not become patentable merely because it has a practical application. For example, a particular business method that is an abstract idea does not become patentable merely because it is programmed into a computer as an algorithm.

The court said that "the abstract idea in this claim is to generate a single record reflecting multiple services," and proceeded to step two of the Alice analysis. It found that "the claim is directed to an abstract idea performed using purely conventional computer operations, and is, therefore, invalid under § 101."56 F. Supp. 3d at 824.

Chief Judge Rader and Circuit Judges Linn, Moore, and O'Malley filed an opinion concurring in part and dissenting in part. Their patent-eligibility analysis focused on whether the claim, as a whole, was limited to an application of an abstract idea, or was merely a recitation of the abstract idea. They would have held Alice's system claims patent eligible because they were limited to a computer-implemented application.717 F.3d at 1292-313.

Is anything that can be the subject of a work. This is the abstract idea of the aboutness of a given work. Thema is independent of language and disciplines(FRSAR 2007).

However, the Federal Circuit Court never offered a precise definition of an unpatentable "abstract idea" nor did it explicitly decide whether the '399 claims are directed to such ineligible subject matter. Instead, the court concludes that, even stipulating any of the characterizations of the alleged abstract idea put forth by defense counsel and the dissent, the '399 claims still contain an inventive concept sufficient to render them patent-eligible under step two of the Alice analysis.

He sees each number as being both an abstract idea and a representation of the physical presence of numbers in life; he associates many significant memories from his own life with numbers.

"university"), understood as falling under one category (e.g. abstract idea), is used as though it falls under another (e.g. physical object).Ryle G. Collected Papers (Hutchinson, London, 1971) Vol.II: Philosophical Arguments 1945, pp.

This approach lends itself to what Robert K. Merton called middle-range theory: abstract statements that generalize from segregated hypotheses and empirical regularities rather than starting with an abstract idea of a social whole.

The case is most significant for its discussion of 35 U.S.C. § 101 and the concept of an unpatentable abstract idea as it applies to software and business methods. In this discussion, the Federal Circuit applied the two-step test for patentability set forth in Alice to determine that DDR's '399 patent claims are directed to patent-eligible subject matter. First, it considered whether the claims were directed to a patent-ineligible abstract idea. Judge Chen does not arrive at a clear answer to this inquiry.

" This satisfied step one of the Supreme Court's Alice methodology and therefore the district court proceeded to step two—"whether the claim adds enough to the abstract idea to make the claim patent eligible." Because the claim did "not limit the correlation to any specific hardware, nor give any detail regarding how the records are 'correlated' or 'enhanced,' . . . the claim amounts to 'nothing significantly more than an instruction to apply the abstract idea' of correlating two network accounting records 'using some unspecified, generic' computer hardware.

Transcription was a creative endeavour for Sorabji, as it had been for many of the composer- pianists who inspired him: Sorabji echoed Busoni's view that composition is the transcription of an abstract idea, as is performance.

This article describes the importance of the Author/Speaker, Audience, Context, and Purpose to one another in an attempt to convince or persuade said audience, using the tools of the rhetorical triangle and tetrahedron to help simplify the abstract idea of rhetorical stance.

According to The Washington Post: > [W]hile the court struck down what was universally said to be a bad patent, > it didn't do much to say what kinds of software should be patentable. In > other words, the court decided the most basic conflict in the case, but more > or less declined to offer guidance for other, future cases. The Electronic Frontier Foundation said that the Supreme Court: > reaffirmed that merely adding "a generic computer to perform generic > computer functions" does not make an otherwise abstract idea patentable. > This statement (and the opinion itself) makes clear that an abstract idea > along with a computer doing what a computer normally does is not something > our patent system was designed to protect.

These cases decided in the Supreme Court of United States set out the law around what makes an invention patent eligible in reference to computer programs. It was stated that to transform an abstract idea into a patent eligible process requires more than simply stating the idea followed by the words, “apply it”; accordingly simply implementing a program on a computer is not a patentable application. This is because if you take away the computer then all that is left is the abstract idea, which is not a process or another accepted creation, and is therefore not patentable. The only place a patent eligible process is qualified by its implementation by a computer is where it improves an existing technological process.

Ariadna and Dovid Knut, Paris, autumn 1939 Ariadna and Dovid Knut anxiously followed the growth of anti-Semitism in Europe, especially in Germany. Gradually, they both became convinced Zionists, and Ariadna went up to even a more extreme position than Dovid.Lazaris, p. 260 For her Zionism was rather a passion than an abstract idea.

In the Mirror World case, the patent claimed a method and apparatus for organizing "data units" (i.e., documents) into "streams" and "substreams." This was said to organize, locate, summarize, and monitor incoming data. Apple argued that this just meant that data was being organized, say, in chronological order—and that was just an abstract idea.

An allegory is a story that has a second meaning, usually by endowing characters, objects or events with symbolic significance. The entire story functions symbolically; often a pattern relates each literal item to a corresponding abstract idea or principle. Although the surface story may have its interest, the author's major interest is in the ulterior meaning.

Fearlessly confronting the unknown, he solves the riddle of fire and brings it down on a torch to serve man. With it he lights campfires to keep off wild beasts. But he does much more. Observing the movements of the stars he infers the notion of time, the first abstract idea won from the darkness of chaos.

According to the Supreme Court, in order to be patent eligible, what is claimed must be more than the abstract idea. The implementation of the idea must be something beyond the "routine," "conventional" or "generic." In DDR Holdings, the Federal Circuit, applying the Alice analytical framework, upheld the validity of DDR's patent on its webpage display technology.DDR Holdings, 773 F.3d at 1248.

Sonia Sotomayor in robe, 2009 Three justices joined in a concurring opinion (per Justice Sotomayor) that essentially reiterated now- retired Justice Stevens's argument in Bilski, on historical grounds, that business methods were categorically outside the patent system. But because they too agreed that the claimed subject matter was an abstract idea, they joined the main opinion also.134 S. Ct. at 2360.

Dub vision at Musical Nite - Sympulse '14 In its fifth year, Sympulse was held from 28 January – 1 February 2014. “Escape to Neverland” was the theme of the fifth edition of this cultural extravaganza. It represented the abstract idea and out of the box thinking that Sympulse stood for. The Media coverage was done by 9XM/9XO, Radio One, Extentia, Autocar India, Mid Day, and Sakal times.

For example, "fushi" or "bushi" (節), with its literal meaning of "node," "knuckle," or "joint," refers to the nodes found in bamboo, usually found at a steady sequence. Thus "fushi" can also have the abstract idea of "sequence" to refer to notes and beats in a sequence, i.e., a melody. An "ondo," however, usually refers to a kind of song with a distinct swung 2/2 rhythm.

The patent examiner rejected all 11 of the claims on the grounds that "the invention is not implemented on a specific apparatus and merely manipulates [an] abstract idea and solves a purely mathematical problem without any limitation to a practical application, therefore, the invention is not directed to the technological arts." Ex parte Bilski, No. 2002-2257 (B.P.A.I. Sept. 26, 2006) (last viewed July 3, 2015).

Prometheus and Funk Bros. Seed Co. v. Kalo Inoculant Co. This test first determines whether the claimed invention is directed to an abstract idea, law of nature, mathematical formula, or similar abstraction. If it is, the court is to proceed to the second step—determining whether the way the claimed invention implements the abstraction contains an inventive concept, as contrasted with being routine and conventional.

In Mayo v. Prometheus, the Supreme Court invalidated a patent on a diagnostic method, because it non-inventively implemented a natural principle; the Court drew on cases involving computer software and other abstract ideas. In this case, the Court was much more detailed in describing how to recognize a patent-ineligible claim to an abstract idea. The Mayo methodology has come to dominate patent-eligibility law.

2d 221, 242-255 (D.D.C. 2011) at Casetext site In so holding, the district court relied on Bilski v. Kappos. as precedent, in which the Supreme Court held that Bilski's claims to business methods for hedging against the risk of price fluctuations when trading in commodities markets were not patent eligible because they claimed and preempted (i.e., monopolized) the abstract idea of hedging against risk.

The conflict for early Renaissance writers involved the interaction between the "material reality" and the "abstract idea" of the body. The conceptual framework of the period was starting to dissect the material from the immaterial; the subject from the object. This idea is commonly referred to as the body and soul or mind and body conflict. Shakespeare is not exempt from this cultural ideology.

The Federal Circuit applied the framework articulated in Alice to uphold the validity of the patents on webpage display technology at issue in DDR Holdings.DDR Holdings, 773 F.3d at 1259. In Alice, the Supreme Court held that a computer implementation of an abstract idea, which is not itself eligible for a patent, does not by itself transform that idea into something that is patent eligible.Alice, 134 S. Ct. at 2357.

Michael Borella, a patent attorney, said in the blog: "Not only does this case give us another data point of how a computer-implemented invention that incorporates an abstract idea can be patent-eligible (Diamond v. Diehr is the other notable example), but it also provides the first appellate use of the second prong of the Alice test to do so." Michael Borella,DDR Holdings, LLC v. Hotels.com, L.P. (Fed. Cir.

O'Reilly v. Morse, 56 U.S. (15 How.) 62 (1853),. also known as The Telegraph Patent Case, is an 1854 decision of the United States Supreme Court that has been highly influential in the development of the law of patent-eligibility in regard to claimed inventions in the field of computer-software related art. It holds, essentially, that an abstract idea, apart from its implementation, is not patent-eligible.

Being able to touch or see the product in person, versus a more abstract idea of the item can influence potential buyers to be more excited or committed to purchasing the item. These effects of physical distance mirror those of spatial and temporal distance. These aspects of consumer behaviors can be manipulated by the companies by knowing how the consumer thinks, and by changing the level of construal.

The elements may be two or more verb roots or they may be a verb root plus a noun, adjective, or adverb. The marker -a converts an intransitive verb root into a transitive verb. Verbs are nominalized with the suffixes -hát, the abstract idea of the action, -pe' , the affected object, participle. The agent of the action is indicated with the agentive ("actance") prefix and a suffix expressing person and number.

The institutionalization of this kind of sociology is often credited to Paul Lazarsfeld, who pioneered large-scale survey studies and developed statistical techniques for analyzing them. This approach lends itself to what Robert K. Merton called middle-range theory: abstract statements that generalize from segregated hypotheses and empirical regularities rather than starting with an abstract idea of a social whole.Boudon, Raymond. 1991. "Review: What Middle-Range Theories are".

John E. Roemer. A Future for Socialism. Harvard University Press, 1994. While admitting that it is somewhat problematic to use the term market in the context of socialist countries such as Yugoslavia or Hungary (after the introduction of New Economic Mechanism), Janos Kornai believed that the term market socialism is still appropriate because such countries at least partially experimented with markets under socialism which would otherwise remain only an abstract idea.

In the NeXT/Apple library, protocols are frequently used by the Distributed Objects system to represent the abilities of an object executing on a remote system. The syntax @protocol NSLocking \- (void)lock; \- (void)unlock; @end denotes that there is the abstract idea of locking. By stating in the class definition that the protocol is implemented, @interface NSLock : NSObject // ... @end instances of NSLock claim that they will provide an implementation for the two instance methods.

The number of patents issuing per year jumped to about 30.Insurance IP Bulletin, February 2007, “Statistics” This changed dramatically again in 2014 after the Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank International decision by the Supreme Court of the United States, holding that an abstract idea does not become patentable just because it is implemented on a computer. After Alice, the allowance rate for U.S. patent applications in the financial arts, including insurance, plummeted.

The software cases after Alice adopt its method of legal analysis, based on the decision of the Supreme Court in the Mayo case. This calls for a two-step analysis. First, the court determines whether the claimed invention is based on an abstract idea or principle of some sort, often expressed at a high level of generality, such as a computerized escrow or surety arrangement, as in the Bilski and Alice cases.See, e.g.

The origin of the theory of compact operators is in the theory of integral equations, where integral operators supply concrete examples of such operators. A typical Fredholm integral equation gives rise to a compact operator K on function spaces; the compactness property is shown by equicontinuity. The method of approximation by finite-rank operators is basic in the numerical solution of such equations. The abstract idea of Fredholm operator is derived from this connection.

One of Ibn Hanbal's most famous contributions to Sunni thought was the considerable role he played in bolstering the orthodox doctrine of the Quran being the "uncreated Word of God" (kalām Allāh g̲h̲ayr mak̲h̲lūḳ). By "Quran," Ibn Hanbal understood "not just an abstract idea but the Quran with its letters, words, expressions, and ideas—the Quran in all its living reality, whose nature in itself," according to Ibn Hanbal, eluded human comprehension.

It "merely provides a 'generic environment' in which to carry out the well-known and abstract idea of virus screening." The court stated: "For the role of a computer in a computer-implemented invention to be deemed meaningful in the context of this analysis, it must involve more than performance of 'well understood, routine, [and] conventional activities previously known to the industry.' " Therefore, claim 7 was patent ineligible.838 F.3d at 1319–20.

Romanes also stated that, recept or a receptual thought is a compound idea - one the differs from a general or abstract idea - of past similar perceptions. It has been interpreted as an idea that one is not aware he has. It is noted that recept is not widely embraced because Romanes book is so little read. The term is used in Richard Maurice Bucke's book, Cosmic Consciousness: A Study in the Evolution of the Human Mind.

The premise is that the good and evil deeds of one's life will be tallied by God after death, as in a ledger book. The play is the allegorical accounting of the life of Everyman, who represents all mankind. In the course of the action, Everyman tries to convince other characters to accompany him in the hope of improving his account. All the characters are also allegorical, each personifying an abstract idea such as Fellowship, [material] Goods, and Knowledge.

Musical solutions of this sort are supported by Dora Penny and Carice Elgar's testimony that the solution was generally understood to involve a tune,Powell, pp. 119–20. and by the evidence from an anecdote describing how Elgar encoded the solution in a numbered sequence of piano keys.Turner, p. 50; A rival school of thought holds that the "larger theme" which "goes" "through and over the whole set" is an abstract idea rather than a musical theme.

Rhetorical critics use chevrons or angle brackets (<>) to mark off ideographs. The term ideograph was coined by rhetorical scholar and critic Michael Calvin McGee (1980) describing the use of particular words and phrases as political language in a way that captures (as well as creates or reinforces) particular ideological positions. McGee sees the ideograph as a way of understanding of how specific, concrete instances of political discourse relate to the more abstract idea of political ideology.Jasinski, J. (2001).

In TLI Communications LLC v. AV Automotive, L.L.C., five days later, a different panel, including Judge Hughes who authored the Enfish decision and then TLI, invalidated software claims for failure to meet the Alice test. In TLI the court held that a patent on a method and system for taking, transmitting, and organizing digital images was patent–ineligible because it "claims no more than the abstract idea of classifying and storing digital images in an organized manner."TLI Communs.

The Zachman Framework of enterprise architecture The Zachman Framework is an enterprise ontology and is a fundamental structure for Enterprise Architecture which provides a formal and structured way of viewing and defining an enterprise. The ontology is a two dimensional classification schema that reflects the intersection between two historical classifications. The first are primitive interrogatives: What, How, When, Who, Where, and Why. The second is derived from the philosophical concept of reification, the transformation of an abstract idea into an instantiation.

Metonymy is similar to synecdoche, but instead of a part representing the whole, a related object or part of a related object is used to represent the whole. Often it is used to represent the whole of an abstract idea. :Example: The phrase "The king's guns were aimed at the enemy," using 'guns' to represent infantry. :Example: The word 'crown' may be used metonymically to refer to the king or queen, and at times to the law of the land.

Whether or not any of the other several hundred local languages possess an abstract idea of philosophy has not yet been established. Instead, Indonesians have a generic word budaya or kebudayaan, which describes the totality of the manifestations of the life of a society. Philosophy, science, theology, religion, art and technology are at once manifestations of a society's life, which are included in the meaning of the word budaya. Indonesians usually use the word budayawan for their philosophers (Alisjahbana 1977:6-7).

In creating the Transcriptions Finnissy was influenced by the concepts of Ferruccio Busoni, who believed that musical notation "is itself the transcription of an abstract idea. The moment that the pen takes possession of it, the thought loses its original form". The implication is that all composition is a form of transcription, and in this light Finnissy's often very substantial diversions from the originals may be viewed as re-creations of the original 'abstract ideas' which prompted Verdi himself.Pace (2001), p. 3.

After learning Pranav wanted to return to acting, Jeethu approached him with an abstract idea of a film and received positive feedback. Jeethu was in charge of writing; he had completed the story by the time of the announcement and had begun writing the screenplay, intending it to be his next directorial. He described the film as an action movie and a thriller, but it will not resemble a thriller like his 2013 film Memories. Jeethu had developed the story idea during his college education.

In 1883, Groth compiled a monumental five-volume collection entitled Chemische Kristallographie, which contained crystalline morphology and physical property data on thousands of substances. By Groth's time, Dalton's atomic theory was already well established. In 1888, Groth was the first to suggest the possibility that spherical atoms reside at equivalent positions of space lattices, which gave a physical significance to this still somewhat abstract idea of the regular and symmetric partitioning of space. The German physicist Leonhard Sohncke (1842–1897) had previously derived the 65 chiral space groups (i.e.

" If there is no addition of an inventive element to the underlying abstract idea, the court will find the patent invalid under section 101. Few software patents have survived this analysis since the Alice decision,For a listing of decisions, as of May 2015, see Steven Callahan, Alice: The Death of Software-Related Patents? (May 1, 2015). The author states: "[S]ince Alice, of the 76 decisions dealing with Alice challenges, 57 have invalidated patents; only 16 have upheld them on the merits (3 additional decisions rejected Alice challenges for procedural reasons).

American Airlines, Inc. > In short, such patents, although frequently dressed up in the argot of > invention, simply describe a problem, announce purely functional steps that > purport to solve the problem, and recite standard computer operations to > perform some of those steps. The principal flaw in these patents is that > they do not contain an "inventive concept" that solves practical problems > and ensures that the patent is directed to something "significantly more > than" the ineligible abstract idea itself. See CLS Bank, 134 S. Ct. at 2355, > 2357; Mayo, 132 S. Ct. at 1294.

Reification is the process by which an abstract idea about a computer program is turned into an explicit data model or other object created in a programming language. A computable/addressable object—a resource—is created in a system as a proxy for a non computable/addressable object. By means of reification, something that was previously implicit, unexpressed, and possibly inexpressible is explicitly formulated and made available to conceptual (logical or computational) manipulation. Informally, reification is often referred to as "making something a first-class citizen" within the scope of a particular system.

American Airlines, Inc. > In short, such patents, although frequently dressed up in the argot of > invention, simply describe a problem, announce purely functional steps that > purport to solve the problem, and recite standard computer operations to > perform some of those steps. The principal flaw in these patents is that > they do not contain an "inventive concept" that solves practical problems > and ensures that the patent is directed to something "significantly more > than" the ineligible abstract idea itself. See CLS Bank, 134 S. Ct. at 2355, > 2357; Mayo, 132 S. Ct. at 1294.

David Hume reasoned that an ontological argument was not possible. Scottish philosopher and empiricist David Hume argued that nothing can be proven to exist using only a priori reasoning. In his Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, the character Cleanthes proposes a criticism: Hume also suggested that, as we have no abstract idea of existence (apart from as part of our ideas of other objects), we cannot claim that the idea of God implies his existence. He suggested that any conception of God we may have, we can conceive either of existing or of not existing.

The Federal Court of Appeal essentially agreed with the three criticisms the Federal Court offered for the Commissioner's decision. The Court, however, also added that "it does not necessarily follow…that a business method that is not itself patentable subject matter because it is an abstract idea becomes patentable subject matter merely because it has a practical embodiment or a practical application. In my view, this cannot be a distinguishing test, because it is axiomatic that a business method always has or is intended to have a practical application."Canada (Attorney General) v. Amazon.

Marx asked if anyone could enter the contest and Fred told him that he could send in some drawings if he wanted. Out of the four artists ultimately chosen to create the foyer mosaics, Marxhausen was the only one from Nebraska. In the spring of 1965, the first three artists were chosen. Reinhold was picked to create “The Spirit of Nebraska” which he installed in early January 1966. Since “The Spirit of Nebraska” was such an abstract idea, a lot of symbolism was incorporated into the artwork as well.

Various attempts have been made to substantiate the "abstract idea" test, which suffers from abstractness itself, but none have succeeded. The last attempt so far was the "machine or transformation" test, but the U.S. Supreme Court decided in 2010 that it is merely an indication at best. In India, invention means a new product or process that involves an inventive step, and capable of being made or used in an industry. Whereas, "new invention" means any invention that has not been anticipated in any prior art or used in the country or anywhere in the world.

The Board also held that Applicants' claims "preempt[] any and every possible way of performing the steps of the [claimed process], by human or by any kind of machine or by any combination thereof," and thus concluded that they only claim an abstract idea ineligible for patent protection. Finally, the Board held that Applicants' process as claimed did not produce a "useful, concrete and tangible result," and for this reason as well was not drawn to patent-eligible subject matter. The applicants appealed the rejection to the Federal Circuit. The case was argued before a panel of the court on October 1, 2007.

" The image is the projection that an individual puts on an object or abstract idea. An image can be contained within the physical world through a particular individual's perspective, primarily based on that individual's past experiences. One example of an image is how an individual views a novel after completing it. The physical entity that is the novel contains a specific image in the perspective of the interpreting individual and can only be expressed by the individual in the terms of "I can tell you what an image is by telling you what it feels like.

If this balance peacefully exists in one human being, they can be likened to a god in that respect, with Thai transsexuals being the ideal example of this. Although though this relatively abstract idea was the driving concept behind the album, Hirasawa tried to express it in a listener-friendly way through a story and easy to understand lyrics. He intended to evoke a primitive and naturalistic mythology based on harmony and coexistence with nature. For songwriting, Hirasawa elected to use as few English words as possible and avoid pop song-like structure, which imposed quite a bit of restriction on him.

A concept is an abstract idea or a mental symbol, typically associated with a corresponding representation in language or symbology, that denotes all of the objects in a given category or class of entities, interactions, phenomena, or relationships between them. Concepts are abstract in that they omit the differences of the things in extension, treating them as if they were identical. They are universal in that they apply equally to everything in their extension. Concepts are also the basic elements of propositions, much the same way a word is the basic semantic element of a sentence.

We think this case must also be considered > as if the principle or mathematical formula were well known. In Parker v. Flook,437 U.S. 584 (1978). the Supreme Court emphasized and adopted Baron Alderson’s statement in Neilson (repeated in Morse) that “the case must be considered as if, the principle being well known, the plaintiff had first invented a mode of applying it by a mechanical apparatus,” which is to say that the abstract idea or natural principle must be considered as if part of the prior art and the invention, if any, is in the mechanical implementation of the principle.

American movie critic Roger Ebert expressed mixed feelings about the film in his review for the Chicago Sun Times. On the one hand, he noted several qualities "that make me happy to have seen it", especially the nuanced acting performance of Edward Norton and the "peculiar loneliness" of his character Harlan. On the other hand, Ebert took issue with the film's ending which he found to be implausible and driven too much by the abstract idea behind the plot instead of the characters in it.Ebert, Roger (19 May 2006) As of January 2012, the film holds a 51% rating on Rotten Tomatoes indicating mixed critical reception.

In January 2013, the Kaginele Development Authority – Kaginele, Haveri District, Government of Karnataka, India - re-dedicated the newly built Kanaka Dasa Fort and Palace to the general public, at Baada, Bankapur. The tourist spot is open for the general public and highlights the life and sainthood of Kanaka Dasa The Kannada movie Lucia starts with Nee Mayeyolago recited and is based on an abstract idea of the same theme. Another Kannada movie Ramadhanya [May 2018] based on his life and most famous work - Ramadhanya charithre - beautifully encapsulates the saint's karmic journey and the relationship between two staple food of South Indians (1) Raghava Dhanya or Ragi and (2) Bhattha or Rice...

Dyk said, "The Mayo/Alice framework works well when the abstract idea or law of nature in question is well known and longstanding, as was the situation in Mayo itself." Yet. it may not be appropriate for discoveries of previously unknown laws of nature: > In my view, Mayo did not fully take into account the fact that an inventive > concept can come not just from creative, unconventional application of a > natural law, but also from the creativity and novelty of the discovery of > the law itself. This is especially true in the life sciences, where > development of useful new diagnostic and therapeutic methods is driven by > investigation of complex biological systems.

Like polynomials, rational expressions can also be generalized to n indeterminates X1,..., Xn, by taking the field of fractions of F[X1,..., Xn], which is denoted by F(X1,..., Xn). An extended version of the abstract idea of rational function is used in algebraic geometry. There the function field of an algebraic variety V is formed as the field of fractions of the coordinate ring of V (more accurately said, of a Zariski-dense affine open set in V). Its elements f are considered as regular functions in the sense of algebraic geometry on non-empty open sets U, and also may be seen as morphisms to the projective line.

Although the same eight Thinking Maps are used across grade levels, the Maps are developmentally appropriate for each age and coincide with Moffitt's developmental principle. In second grade, a teacher may use the Flow Map to sequence the stages and life cycle of a butterfly, while a high school chemistry teacher may use the same map to sequence the changing of an element from the periodic table. One teacher uses the map to illustrate a concrete idea, while another teacher uses the map to illustrate an abstract idea. When looking at the overarching theories of education, Thinking Maps fall into the Postmodern Constructivism theory.

In Morse (1853), the Court recognized the same legal principle against patenting ideas, found one of Morse's claims to impermissibly preempt an abstract idea since it was not limited to any particular apparatus,That claim, claim 8, was to the use of the electromagnetic force "however developed" to transmit information to any distance. See 56 U.S. at 86. mentioned that Morse's actual apparatus was the product of great ingenuity on his partMorse devised "certain complicated and delicate machinery, adjusted and arranged upon philosophical principles and prepared by the highest mechanical skill." 56 U.S. at 117, and upheld a claim to it, but did not hold or even state that ingenuity of the apparatus implementation was a requirement.

This decision was widely seen as confirming that software by itself was not directly patentable. What patent attorneys/agents had been doing in the meantime, however, was to get patent protection on software inventions by claiming the algorithm in combination with the general purpose digital computer programmed to carry out the algorithm. Thus they technically purported to be claiming a new machine and this, the lower patent court held, was patentable. The boundary between when a computer implemented process is purely an abstract idea (and thus not patentable) and when it is a process implementing the idea in a practical way (and thus is patentable) is still a matter of debate within the US patent office.

The district court invalidated the patents on the pleadings, holding all four patents invalid under 35 U.S.C. § 101 because they claimed an abstract idea implemented in a non-inventive manner. The court said: > A person may have invented an entirely new and useful advance, but if the > patent claims sweep too broadly, or only claim the idea that was achieved > rather than implementation of the idea, § 101 directs that the patent is > invalid. Amdocs's asserted claims recite such conventional operation, in > such a general way, that even if the inventor had developed an actual > working system, the patent claims could foreclose fields of research beyond > the actual invention. Accordingly, all asserted claims are invalid as > patent-ineligible.

After Alice, the Federal Circuit and district courts invalidated large numbers of business- method and software patents based on those courts' interpretations of Alice. Federal Circuit Judge William Bryson summed this up in these terms: > In short, such patents, although frequently dressed up in the argot of > invention, simply describe a problem, announce purely functional steps that > purport to solve the problem, and recite standard computer operations to > perform some of those steps. The principal flaw in these patents is that > they do not contain an “inventive concept” that solves practical problems > and ensures that the patent is directed to something “significantly more > than” the ineligible abstract idea itself. [Citing Alice and Mayo.

At the same time, the Court (per Justice Kennedy) held, 5-4, that Bilski's software, business-method patent application was patent ineligible because it was directed to an abstract idea, largely preempting hedging as a business expedient. But the majority declined to rule all business-method patents ineligible. Justice Stevens, in one of his last opinions before retiring from the Court, concurred in the judgment but disagreed with the majority's rationale. Joined by Justices Ginsburg, Breyer, and Sotomayor, he argued that the claimed invention was patent ineligible because it was a business method (advancing much the same analysis as that in Judge Dyk's opinion in the Federal Circuit) and therefore outside the reach of the patent system.

As 'freedom from' is not an experience we enjoy in itself, Fromm suggests that many people, rather than using it successfully, attempt to minimise its negative effects by developing thoughts and behaviours that provide some form of security. These are as follows: #Authoritarianism: Fromm characterises the authoritarian personality as containing both sadistic and masochistic elements. The authoritarian wishes to gain control over other people in a bid to impose some kind of order on the world, but also wishes to submit to the control of some superior force which may come in the guise of a person or an abstract idea. #Destructiveness: Although this bears a similarity to sadism, Fromm argues that the sadist wishes to gain control over something.

Citizenship became more inclusive and democratic, aligned with rights and national membership. The king's government was replaced with an administrative hierarchy at all levels, from a national legislature to even power at the local commune, such that power ran both up and down the chain of command. Loyalty became a cornerstone in the concept of citizenship, according to Peter Riesenberg. One analyst suggested that in the French Revolution, two often polar-opposite versions of citizenship merged: (1) the abstract idea of citizenship as equality before the law caused by the centralizing and rationalizing policies of absolute monarchs and (2) the idea of citizenship as a privileged status reserved for rule-makers, brought forth defensively by an aristocratic elite guarding its exclusiveness.

Jarvis & Rennie (1995) thought that the use of drawings without words could represent an abstract idea the observer may be unable to comprehend. They suggested that children be asked to add sentences or annotate their drawings to improve interpretation. Losh, Wilke & Pop (2008) felt that analysis of the DAST is weakened by asking children to draw ‘only scientists’, suggesting that it is unlikely children view scientists as different from other professionals especially in absence of comparison across occupations. Maoldomhnaigh & Hunt (1989) reported that when they asked their subjects to draw two pictures of scientists the frequency of appearance of mythic stereotypes changed from one set of representations to the other leading them to conclude that students might have more than one definition of the word “scientist”.

The subject matter of the invention was held to be an abstract idea and not a manner of manufacture within the meaning of the term in the Patents Act. The same Full Federal Court in another decision regarding the patentability of an invention regarding a method and system for assessing an individual’s competency in relation to certain criterion, reiterated that a business method or mere scheme were per se are not patentable.. In principle, computer software is still a valid patentable subject matter in Australia. But, in circumstances where patents have been sought over software to merely implement abstract ideas or business methods, the courts and the Commissioner of Patents have resisted granting patent protection to such applications both as a matter of statutory interpretation and policy.

In step two, the court must "consider the elements of each claim — both individually and as an ordered combination — to determine whether the additional elements transform the nature of the claim into a patent-eligible application of that abstract idea. This second step is the search for an ‘inventive concept,’ or some element or combination of elements sufficient to ensure that the claim in practice amounts to ‘significantly more’ than a patent on an ineligible concept."Alice, 134 S. Ct. at 2355. In spite of the business-related nature of the claims (retaining or increasing website traffic) and the fact that they could be implemented on a generic computer, the court highlighted that the claims did not simply take an abstract business method from the pre-internet world and implement it on a computer.

Strauss and the Straussians have paradoxically taught philosophically unsuspecting American conservatives, not least Roman Catholic intellectuals, to reject tradition in favor of ahistorical theorizing, a bias that flies in the face of the central Christian notion of the Incarnation, which represents a synthesis of the universal and the historical. According to Ryn, the propagation of a purely abstract idea of universality has contributed to the neoconservative advocacy of allegedly universal American principles, which neoconservatives see as justification for American intervention around the world—bringing the blessings of the "West" to the benighted "rest". Strauss's anti-historical thinking connects him and his followers with the French Jacobins, who also regarded tradition as incompatible with virtue and rationality.Claes G. Ryn, "Leo Strauss and History: The Philosopher as Conspirator," Humanitas, Vol.

See dissenting opinion of Archer, C.J., arguing that PTO correctly rejected claim 15 as nonpatentable subject matter, stating—"Coexistent with the usage of these terms [used in § 101] has been the rule that a person cannot obtain a patent for the discovery of an abstract idea, principle or force, law of nature, or natural phenomenon, but rather must invent or discover a practical "application" to a useful end," and citing, among other cases, Diamond v. Diehr, 450 U.S. 175, 185, 187-88 (1981); Parker v. Flook, 437 U.S. 584, 589, 591 (1978); Graham v. John Deere Co., 383 U.S. 1, 5 (1966) ("the federal patent power...is limited to the promotion of advances in the `useful arts'"); O'Reilly v. Morse, 56 U.S. (15 How.) 62, 132-33 (1853); 1 § 1.01, at 1-5 & n.

That is, as in the example given above of the idea of a chair, a great many objects, differing materially in detail, all call a single idea. When a man, for example, has obtained an idea of chairs in general by comparison with which he can say "This is a chair, that is a stool", he has what is known as an "abstract idea" distinct from the reproduction in his mind of any particular chair (see abstraction). Furthermore, a complex idea may not have any corresponding physical object, though its particular constituent elements may severally be the reproductions of actual perceptions. Thus the idea of a centaur is a complex mental picture composed of the ideas of man and horse, that of a mermaid of a woman and a fish.

Gods of the virtual world, they help those who sink. Philosophy of Deeptown — freedom for everyone, in all its forms — is so attractive for the main hero Leonid, that he considers himself the citizen of the Deeptown the first place, and only then the citizen of his country. When a being from the other world joins Deeptown, Leonid's dreams of freedom encounter a pressure of official and unofficial powers of Deeptown. The second book brings more questions: Leonid realizes that Divers are phagocytes of the world of Deep... and the Deep, the thing he is serving for, is no more an abstract idea of freedom, but whatever it is, it exhibits freedom of will and the sudden flashes of arising artificial intelligence, which in the end leads to the higher level of interactions between Leonid and the Deep.

An anecdote is a brief, revealing account of an individual person or an incident:Oxford Dictionary's definition of an anecdote "a story with a point," such as to communicate an abstract idea about a person, place, or thing through the concrete details of a short narrative or to characterize by delineating a specific quirk or trait. Occasionally humorous, anecdotes differ from jokes because their primary purpose is not simply to provoke laughter but to reveal a truth more general than the brief tale itself. Anecdotes may be real or fictional; the anecdotal digression is a common feature of literary works and even oral anecdotes typically involve subtle exaggeration and dramatic shape designed to entertain the listener. An anecdote is always presented as the recounting of a real incident involving actual persons and usually in an identifiable place.

John Locke defined abstraction in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding: 'So words are used to stand as outward marks of our internal ideas, which are taken from particular things; but if every particular idea that we take in had its own special name, there would be no end to names. To prevent this, the mind makes particular ideas received from particular things become general; which it does by considering them as they are in the mind—mental appearances—separate from all other existences, and from the circumstances of real existence, such as time, place, and so on. This procedure is called abstraction. In it, an idea taken from a particular thing becomes a general representative of all of the same kind, and its name becomes a general name that is applicable to any existing thing that fits that abstract idea.

Piero di Cosimo Immaculate Conception, 1505 From an art historical perspective, the depiction of the Immaculate Conception involves a number of interesting issues. Many artists in the 15th century faced the problem of how to depict an abstract idea such as the Immaculate Conception, and the problem was not fully solved for 150 years. Since a key Scriptural text pointed to in support of the doctrine was "Tota pulchra es...", "Thou art all fair, my love; there is no spot in thee", verse 4.7 from the Song of Solomon,The whole text a number of symbolic objects drawn from the imagery of the Song, and often already associated with the Annunciation and the Perpetual Virginity, were combined in versions of the Hortus conclusus ("enclosed garden") subject. This gave a rather cluttered subject, and usually was impossible to combine with correct perspective, so never caught on outside Germany and the Low Countries.

It was suggested in commentary that the result would have been different if Schrader had included in the claims the physical elements that the court noted were "nowhere mentioned in the claim": > Schrader may suggest that whether a computerized method of doing something > that involves crunching numbers without using any dedicated apparatus > (rather, just a general-purpose digital computer) is statutory subject > matter depends on how one writes the claims. If you make a great deal of > noise in the claim about transforming signals representative of whatever > "physical" the method concerns, and you also put in some references to the > conventional and perhaps obvious kinds of apparatus (perhaps a display, > keyboard, some telephone wires) that one always uses with things of this > sort, voilá — patentable subject matter. But if you fail to do that, you > just have a nonstatutory method or an abstract idea. As for form vs.

The wheel was boxed in, mostly with > round sapling-sticks fastened to the frame with bunches of nails and spikes > of all shapes and sizes, most of them bent. The general result was decidedly > picturesque in its irregularity, but dangerous to the mental welfare of any > passenger who was foolish enough to try to comprehend the design; for it > seemed as though every carpenter had taken the opportunity to work in a > little abstract idea of his own.Over the Sliprails at Google Books In Steele Rudd's, Back at Our Selection, (1906) the sequence of stories beginning with "Dave's New House" and ending with "Dad Forgets the Past" have a socio-historical sub-text emphasizing the progress of rural Australia from pioneering to prosperity. In the first story, Dad Rudd, though now a wealthy farmer, builds Dave and his new wife Lily a house, using materials salvaged from a neighbour's derelict slab hut.

Formula Manipal is a Manipal Academy of Higher Education-based student project which aims to design, build and test a Formula-style race car. It started as an abstract idea in 2007, and today has become the biggest and most successful student initiative of Manipal University. The team consists of over fifty inter-disciplinary undergraduates who aim to conceive, design, fabricate, develop, and compete with other Formula style vehicles at International Formula Student events. Formula Manipal has been competing in the international Formula Student competitions for the past ten years and made its debut in 2008 at FSAE Italy with the FM08. In the following year, 2009, the team participated in the Formula Student event in UK with the FM09. The team then had a successful participation in FS Austria with the FM-X, the season 2010 car. The year 2011 saw the development of the fourth prototype, the FMXI, which competed in FSAE Italy. Season 2013 turned out to be the most amazing year for Formula Manipal in its history. For the first time, the team successfully participated in two FSAE events in the same calendar year with the FMX3.