A gust of wind traveled upslope toward the cafe, and the brown cloud dissipated.
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From the outside her career arc reads like a steady, spectacular upslope: no chutes, all ladders.
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In Hawaii, mosquitos carrying avian malaria are flying upslope into land where honeycreepers hunt for nectar.
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At one point, it was about a mile upslope from his property in the coastal community of Kapoho.
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Further upslope, lava is still gushing out of large vents in the ground in a Big Island residential neighborhood.
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On Thursday, Grace's ball was plugged on an awkward upslope in a greenside bunker at the par-four 13th hole.
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The second cemetery was also on private land, upslope behind a house fronted by roses and a shiny pickup truck.
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Heat such as the sun striking a hill generates its own air known as "upslope flow" that travels to higher terrain.
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Arriving later in the season, they may miss the cues to shift their nesting time or move upslope, Dr. Beissinger said.
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Ecologists are designing the project to make sure wetland plants have a route to migrate inland and upslope as the water rises.
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You really have to go much further out than that and manage the upslope environment to prevent massive runoffs into the stream systems.
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He was on the upslope of a fairway bunker about 205 yards from the pin for his second shot at the par-5 623th.
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Further upslope, lava continued to gush out of large cracks in the ground that formed in residential neighborhoods in a rural part of the Big Island.
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The blue color seen upslope of the dark streaks are thought not to be related to their formation, but instead are from the presence of the mineral pyroxene.
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The study in 2012, also part of the Grinnell Resurvey, showed that about as many bird species in each region had moved downslope as upslope during the century's warming climate.
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In the case of a fire, the blaze replaces the sun as a heat source, and the fire in essence produces its own "upslope flow" that's proportional to the fire's strength.
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Those declines had been widely expected by analysts outside of China, but that did little to stop the country's middle class from piling money into stocks that seemed to be an a permanent upslope.
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Joseph Kekedi says the lava from Kilauea volcano was about a mile upslope from him at one point but luckily the flow didn&apost head his way in the Big Island coastal community of Kapoho (Kah-POH-hoh).
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Helmed by Americans John Reid and Alex Violette -- the latter is also behind Upslope Brewing Company, in Colorado -- the brewery imports its hops from the US and malts from Europe, but adds a local touch to every recipe.
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"Ecologists have really kept range shifts like migrating upslope separate in their minds from phenological shifts, such as nesting earlier," said Peter Dunn, an ecologist at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, who was not involved in the new analysis.
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The molten rock that began emerging over the past few days was from magma that has recently moved down the volcano&aposs eastern flank from one or two craters that sit further upslope -- the Puu Oo crater and the summit crater.
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The molten rock that began emerging over the past few days was from magma that has recently moved down the volcano&aposs eastern flank from one or two craters that sit further upslope — the Puu Oo crater and the summit crater.
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"Arabica coffee is highly sensitive to temperature changes as it affects plant physiology and as temperature increases in the future, areas suitable for coffee production move upslope," Pablo Imbach, of the International Center for Tropical Agriculture told me over email.
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I've stood on a beach where the usual refreshing smell of low tide was replaced by a thick, sickening odour of diesel, just upslope of beds of once edible California mussels, large patches of eelgrass, and a dizzying array of seaweeds, anemones, sculpins, snails, chitons, barnacles, and encrusting algaes.
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Upslope Pumpkin Ale returns – in cans. The Denver Post.Awesome Thanksgiving craft beer pairings. The Denver Post.
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This process is causing the Umauma Falls to slowly move upslope over geologic time, though we can see the plunge-pools at the bases of the three Umauma Falls (Note: there are many other waterfalls on the Umauma River, also slowly moving upslope over geologic time). We can see what Umauma Falls might look like in the far distant future by visiting the neighboring river (KoleKole) just to the south of the Umauma River, which has a very large single waterfall, known as Akaka Falls, formed in just such a manner in the distant geologic past. It is further upslope than the Umauma Falls, and it is in a much heavier rainfall region. The Umauma Falls were accessible for viewing until relatively recently only by walking upslope along the river bed.
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Most of the sediments however are transported upslope; those which do end up at the bottom of the seamount form talus deposits around Horizon Guyot.
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Mature riparian vegetation can establish farther upslope where finer sediments such as sands and silts dominate and disturbance from active river processes are less frequent.
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Cropland management requires tillage (deep ploughing, seed bed preparation) and sometimes large earth movements. All these activities cause a net movement of soil from the upslope side of the field to the downslope side. Soil in the upslope side of the field is lost at rates between 1 and 4 cm yearly. For medieval tilling techniques, the estimated erosion rate would have been around 2 cm/year.
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Permeable conglomerates and other rocks allow rainwater to percolate downslope into the Bhabhar and Terai, supporting only scrubby forests upslope. The Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests continue here.
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Slightly upslope and east of the boulder are a few smaller outcroppings of soapstone bedrock, at least two of which show definite scars left by quarrying for soapstone bowl manufacture.
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The overall slight upslope, and in some areas, convergent, terrain of the Caprock is implicated in altering local weather and climate, such as enhancing precipitation and promoting thunderstorm initiation and organization.
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The annual equilibrium line separates the accumulation and ablation zone annually. The accumulation zone is also defined as the part of a glacier's surface, usually at higher elevations, on which there is net accumulation of snow, which subsequently turns into firn and then glacier ice. Part of the glacier where snow builds up and turns to ice moves outward from there. The glacier head is the highest upslope edge of an alpine glacier or the upslope end of the zone of accumulation.
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Upslope Brewing Company is a brewery company in Boulder, Colorado founded in 2008. The company operates two breweries, both in Boulder, and produces several types of beer.Upslope Brewing Co. Expands With Second Location. Huffington Post.
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Upslope fog forms when moist air is going up the slope of a mountain or hill (orographic lifting) which condenses into fog on account of adiabatic cooling, and to a lesser extent the drop in pressure with altitude.
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La Escondida Airport (, ) is a high elevation airstrip serving the Minera Escondida copper mines in the Antofagasta Region of Chile. The runway has an over upslope to the east. There is rising terrain north and south of the runway.
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Enkorika is a village and neolithic site in Kenya's Rift Valley Province. It is located in an upslope area, about 100 by 130 m. It was an Iron Age smelting site. Geologically it forms part of the Enkorika Fissure Zone.
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As with John F. Kennedy, Robert Kennedy's first grave was a temporary one, about upslope from its current location.The Washington Post said the grave was originally about downslope from its permanent location. See: "Kennedy in Arlington." Washington Post. February 9, 1969.
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The portion of Murderer's Creek that remains is being heavily surcharged and overburdened by the discharge of runoff water into the Creek from County roads and from upslope private developments, and the riparian property owners are experiencing extensive erosion and subsidence issues.
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Four hundred more large trees were felled from the grove by the Christmas flood of 1964. Most of the remainder of the Bull Creek watershed was subsequently purchased by Save-the-Redwoods League to encourage upslope forest management practices more similar to natural processes.
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One slab is located on the upslope margin of the terrace and close by, to the west, an Ironwood "telephone pole" tree with squared timber cross section and insulators. To the east of this cement pad a single strand of fence wire is strung from the ground and affixed high onto an adjacent Ironwood tree with wire netting attached to the lower part close to the ground (possibly a base for hessian camouflage netting). A number of possible walking pads zig-zag indeterminately upslope from this cement pad. The cement pad presents evidence of division into a roomed structure (with bolts protruding from the cement).
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Lithic blocks are up to thick. The total volume of these pyroclastic flows is about . There is a pronounced morphology characterized by a channel upslope and snout-like toes downslope. Flow surfaces display pronounced fractures with a V profile, which developed a year after the eruption.
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The cherty horizons have originated from radiolarian-rich limestone layers which subsequently underwent silicification. Similar sediments in Greece incorporate layers with calcareous turbidites. On local horsts and farther upslope these sediments undergo a facies change to red, radiolarian-rich, ammonite-bearing limestones.Bosselini, A. & Winterer, E.L. (1975).
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The site is built adjacent to a low area. The west and south flanks are protected by the wadi and its steep slope (see the section in Fig. 1). Walls range up to 2 m in height. Upslope, the houses have walls up to 80 cm in thickness.
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Island wind patterns are very complex. Though the trade winds are fairly constant, their relatively uniform air flow is distorted and disrupted by mountains, hills, and valleys. Usually winds blow upslope by day and downslope by night. Local conditions that produce occasional violent winds are not well understood.
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Moisture brought around the northeast periphery of the Sierra Madre Occidental led to a narrow band of heavy rainfall along the upslope side of the mountain range, with a local precipitation maximum exceeding 14 inches (360 mm).Hydrometeorological Prediction Center (2007). Hurricane Lester. Retrieved on February 12, 2007.
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In fall 1978, Naturalists Gus Boik, Wendell D. Flint, and Robert Walker discovered the two large giant sequoia trees (Eric De Groot and Floyd Otter) just upslope from King Arthur. However, the group did not have time to name or measure the two trees after measuring King Arthur. In 1993, Flint again mentioned the existence of an unnamed, roughly 25-foot (7.62 meter) diameter giant sequoia just upslope from King Arthur that he wasn't able to formally measure or name. In 2001, naturalists James Chelebda, Arthur P. Cowley, Lawrence L. Otter (son of Floyd L. Otter), and Michael Reed were able to locate, measure, and name Floyd Otter while surveying Garfield Grove for the National Park Service.
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The lake water outflows to a nearby small lake (Nundakol) and then via Wangath nallah to Sindh River.A major tributary to the Jehlum river. The trout fishes are present in the lake. Gangabal lake is approached from Srinagar by road via Ganderbal up to Naranag and then a track upslope.
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Isidore caused heavy rains in Guatemala due to upslope flow from the Pacific Ocean, which led to landslides and flooding across southern and western portions of the country. The rains led to the drowning of two people when they tried to cross a rain-swollen river. Three hundred and fifty households reported losses.
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Accumulation numbers in flat areas will be very large, so TWI will not be a relevant variable. The index is highly correlated with several soil attributes such as horizon depth, silt percentage, organic matter content, and phosphorus. Methods of computing this index differ primarily in the way the upslope contributing area is calculated.
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In the 2013 Great American Beer Festival Pro-Am Competition, Upslope Brewing Company won a bronze medal for their oatmeal stout.Great American Beer Festival awards more than 250 medals. Denverijournal.com (October 12, 2013). In 2013 the company was ranked No. 5 in a list of fastest-growing Boulder companies published by Boulder County Business Report.
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It had come from an Early Anglo-Saxon cemetery, or possible a secondary burial of an Anglo Saxon, at a Bronze Age cemetery which was located upslope of the find location.Three Early Anglo Saxon Metal Work Finds from the I.O.W., 1993-1996 by Mark Steadman. Hampshire Field Club Archaeol. Soc. 53, 1998, (Hampshire Studies 1998).
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Memorial plaque, 8th Avenue, New York City The cause of the crash is believed to be pilot error resulting from an optical illusion created by the lights of the city of Caracas on an upslope. This caused the crew to descend until they crashed into the sea, with the loss of all on board.
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Slopes that are convex upslope and concave downslope and have no free face were held by King to be a form that became common in the late Tertiary. King argued that this was the result of more slowly acting surface wash caused by carpets of grass which in turn would have resulted in relatively more soil creep.
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Hanging canal (middleground) flowing from right to left along the west side of the long and narrow mesa landform near the mouth of Marijilda Canyon. At this point, the canal is about 50 meters above the western basin. The canal coursing upslope illusion is discernible. Prehistoric Bajada "hanging" canals of southeastern Arizona were constructed after c.
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Upslope Brewing Company brews Citra pale ale, India Pale Ale, brown ale, lager, Oatmeal stout and Imperial IPA styles of beer. The company also produces a limited release pumpkin ale brewed with fresh pumpkins, a limited release Belgian pale ale and a Christmas ale.Upslope Brewing adds 'bomber can' of Imperial IPA to year-round lineup. The Denver Post.
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Robert F. Kennedy's resting place is only about southwest from the terrace at the John F. Kennedy site.Reed, "Mourners Mark the Death of Robert Kennedy," New York Times, June 7, 1969. Robert Kennedy is buried on the upslope side of the walkway, his burial vault marked by a white cross and a slate headstone set flush with the earth.
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López de Salcedo moved Trujillo upslope from its previous swampy location. In 1528, López de Salcedo spent a month in the Olancho Valley, which at this time was likely to have been inhabited by Pech. He attempted to bring the inhabitants under his control, spurring them into preparation to resist further Spanish incursions.de Jesús Lanza, Rigoberto et al.
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Broad-leaved deciduous cottonwoods, alders, and willows, and aspens line streamsides and canyons. The herbaceous layer in riparian communities is often more diverse than upslope areas and adjacent forests. Riparian and canyon vegetation types are generally too thin or too small to be displayed on regional vegetation maps, but the habitat is extremely important in the arid West.
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Its two rows of stanchions run the length have room for 18 cows of the building, with room for 18 cows. North-facing windows provide the light. It is complemented by a milk house to the east of the barn, upslope from the milking parlor. It is a two-story square building with a gabled metal roof and one door facing the barn.
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Meanwhile, the next cave upslope was Ola'a Cave which was nearly connected to Sexton but was sealed off by more black lava rock. The cave would later be connected to Kazumura by Kevin and Shambaugh in 1995. Smaller caves near Old Kazumura were also connected, including Hawaiian Acres # 1, Fern's, and Doc Bellou Caves. The latter two are connected by a tight crawlway.
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Subsequently, the debris is removed by additional heavy rainfalls, leaving a new plunge-pool relatively free of debris. The waterfall, however, has moved up-slope by a few feet. Over time, the waterfalls slowly recede upslope. If a waterfall hits a stronger region that resists erosion, lower level waterfalls can 'catch-up' and two waterfalls merge into one deeper waterfall.
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On July 15, three earthquakes occurred prior to the main eruption. The third one was the largest, at around magnitude 5. At 07:45, while the ground was still heaving, a Phreatic eruption began at the fumaroles approximately 100 meters upslope from the Kaminoyu hot spring resort on the flank of Ko-Bandai. Successive explosions occurred 15 to 20 times per minute.
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Up to 9 inches (228 mm) of rainfall was reported in localized areas along the Pacific coast of the country. Moisture brought around the northeast periphery of the Sierra Madre Occidental led to a narrow band of heavy rainfall along the upslope side of the mountain range, with a local precipitation maximum exceeding 14 inches (360 mm).Hydrometeorological Prediction Center (2007). Hurricane Lester.
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The top of the canopy has a tendency to warm up faster than the air at the bottom of the valley creating upslope wind conditions just from the presence of vegetation. To summarize, the presence of snow creates down-slope winds hindering the growth of the PBL while the presence of forest creates up-slope winds facilitating the growth of the PBL.
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One chimney remains upslope of the furnaces, to height. Downslope of the furnaces is a brick paved area, with water tanks and machinery footings stepping down the slope from it. Close to the creek are footings and base-logs that may have been the footings for a water pump. The remains of another furnace is located some to the east.
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Work is done from upslope of the mound area so that the ground downslope of the mound does not get compacted. Tyler tables are used to help determine the mound size. Time dosing is another important aspect of the functioning of the mound system. Short frequent doses of effluent onto sand filters with orifices that are closely spaced helps to improve effluent quality.
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It was 378 to the left field foul marker, and 340 to right field. The slight upslope of the land from south to north was reflected in a small "terrace" that ran across left and center field.Kuklick, pp. 26–28 The upper deck was built of wood mounted on steel girders, while the lower deck was built of concrete and steel.
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A few have vast radar-dark plains units associated with them, suggesting large flow volumes. These channels with large deposits appear to be older than other channel types, as they are crossed by fractures and wrinkle ridges, and are often buried by other volcanic materials. In addition, they appear to run both upslope and downslope, suggesting that the plains were warped by regional tectonism after channel formation.
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As of 1995, business license records from the government show eleven commercial enterprises based in the village. Businesses included five grocery stores, a retail shop, a gas station, and several bus companies. There is also banana production on the western side of the village, upslope from the shoreline road near Malama Point. Coconut production occurred east of 'Amanave on the south side of Leafu Stream.
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Sheshnag Lake is situated 120 kilometers east from Srinagar and 23 km from Pahalgam. It can be accessed 113 km by road up to Chandanwari from which ponies can be hired to cover a trek of 7 km upslope to reach the Sheshnag Lake. Amarnath cave is situated 20 kilometers north of this lake. The best time to visit the lake is from June to September.
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They would have suffered some impact upon the closure of the operation as equipment was salvaged, scavenged and removed from the site. Apart from grazing and cultivation, no significant later use of the site is known. The Roasting Pits are a two chamber kiln structure set on the hill upslope of the Battery. The Pits are composed of hard sedimentary stone, predominantly metamorphosed shale and greywacke.
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Here also are the red-winged tinamou which prefers open ground with some scrub, and the Andean tinamou which prefers dense vegetation beside streams. Their habitat extends upslope through the Polylepis woodlands into puna grassland. In the puna is another subspecies of Darwin's nothura, Nothura darwinii agassizii, which prefers tussock grassland. Also in the puna is the ornate tinamou which frequents the rocky slopes and cliffs of tola heath.
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Duration, intensity, and frequency of rainfall events are important to flood prediction. Short duration precipitation is more significant to flooding within small drainage basins.Simon, Andrew L., Basic Hydraulics, John Wiley & Sons, 1981, The most important upslope factor in determining flood magnitude is the land area of the watershed upstream of the area of interest. Rainfall intensity is the second most important factor for watersheds of less than approximately .
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United States. This site is referred to as the channel head and it marks an important boundary between hillslope processes and fluvial processes. The channel head is the most upslope part of a channel network and is defined by flowing water between defined identifiable banks. A channel head forms as overland flow and/or subsurface flow accumulate to a point where shear stress can overcome erosion resistance of the ground surface.
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Forest species, such as the slaty-breasted tinamou, maintain large home ranges through which they move in apparently random patterns. The male brushland tinamou maintains a home territory of , but will occasionally wander outside it into those of his neighbors. Females will wander throughout multiple males' territories. The ornate tinamou lives mainly upslope in hilly puna grassland but will move each morning to the bottom of the slopes to feed and drink.
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Current technologies accurately predict rainfall 3–4 days in advance using numerical weather prediction. Geostationary orbiting satellites gather IR and visual wavelength data to measure realtime localised rainfall by estimating cloud albedo, water content, and the corresponding probability of rain. Geographic distribution of rain is largely governed by climate type, topography and habitat humidity. In mountainous areas, heavy precipitation is possible where upslope flow is maximized within windward sides of the terrain at elevation.
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Local geology comprises lower-Cretaceous Gambier Group marine sedimentary and volcanic bedrock. Upslope, the headwaters of Magnesia, Alberta and Harvey Creeks are underlain by mid-Cretaceous era "Coast Plutonic Complex" rock, which has intruded into the older Gambier rocks. Outcrops primarily consist of greenish volcanic rock that is highly fractured (10 cm fracture spacing) with red oxidation on exposed surfaces. Prominent northwest trending faults and jointing create structural discontinuities that cause instability.
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112 and in 1925 they replaced the 1913 open left field bleachers with a double-deck that extended from the foul pole to the center field corner. This construction covered the "terrace" except in the deepest part of center field which still had a slight upslope. Where the upper deck of the main stands abutted the upper deck of the bleachers, there was a slight overhang. Whether this ever affected play is unknown.
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In this scenario, females on the upper slope (above 600 m) release larvae that migrate to surface waters, then settle in water deeper than 1000 m. As they grow, they move upslope and eventually become mature in shallower water. Red deep sea crabs living in the Gulf of Mexico, however, do not demonstrate a similar distribution; both large and small crabs are found from 500 to 1950 m, and no relationship with depth was found for sex or size.
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The occurrence of gypsum is evidenced by a cluster of sulfate-bearing springs that dot the active trace of the Chixoy Polochic fault, 2 km south of the lake in the chixoy river valley, where they form large travertine fans. Discharge at these springs is much larger than what their upslope catchments can provide. The catchment of Lake Chichój is the closest catchment susceptible to provide water to these springs, and it lies above the springs.
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In such instances, males concentrate in mating aggregations at the highest point of a slope and females must travel up the slope after eclosion to mate. After mating, females return down the slope in order to minimize sexual harassment, and deposit eggs. Hilltopping occurs in small populations where there is a smaller chance for virgin females to encounter males before reaching the hilltop. Where populations are relatively dense; however, upslope movement may place these butterflies at a reproductive disadvantage.
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Accessed May 16, 2009 However, settlements and farms along the mountain seem to have been restricted to river valleys due to the poor, rocky soils upslope. There is evidence indicating the Delaware River likely supported at least one such Lenape settlement at the southern foot of the mountain around present-day Lambertville, New Jersey.Geological Survey of New Jersey – Bulletin 6: Annual Administrative Report of the State Geologist for the year 1911. MacCrellish and Quigley, Printers, Trenton, NJ, 1912.
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An anabatic wind, from the Greek anabatos, verbal of anabainein meaning moving upward, is a warm wind which blows up a steep slope or mountain side, driven by heating of the slope through insolation.Marine Meteorological Glossary It is also known as an upslope flow. These winds typically occur during the daytime in calm sunny weather. A hill or mountain top will be radiatively warmed by the Sun which in turn heats the air just above it.
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Juniper Hills, California is an unincorporated community located in the foothills on the northern slope of the San Gabriel Mountains, facing the Antelope Valley, in Los Angeles County. The community is situated south and upslope from Littlerock and Pearblossom. The Devil's Punchbowl County Park is located on the east side of the community at the end of Los Angeles County Route N6. The Juniper Hills Community Association was created in 1948 and maintains a community center.
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Opposite his grave is a granite plaza designed by architect I. M. Pei and dedicated on December 6, 1971."Robert Kennedy's Body Now at Permanent Site," United Press International, December 2, 1971. A low granite wall similar to the one at the John F. Kennedy terrace contains quotations from famous Robert F. Kennedy speeches, and a small reflecting pool. As with his brother, Robert Kennedy's first grave was a temporary one, about upslope from its current location.
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2/12th Cavalry remained near Pony as a reserve. At 06:30, on 17 February, the battery at Coil began pounding the area between Coil and Recoil. As the barrage lifted, two companies of 1/5th Cavalry moved off towards the three blocking positions. One of the companies moved out to establish a fourth blocking position east of Recoil, but before the men had gone more than a kilometer they were engulfed by fire from upslope.
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In aviation, clearway is a term related to the dimension of some runways and it is abbreviated with CWY. Clearway is an area beyond the paved runway, aligned with the runway centerline and under the control of the airport authorities. This area is not less than 500 ft and there are no protruding obstacles except for threshold lights provided that they aren't higher than 26 inches. There's a limit on the upslope of the clearway of 1.25%.
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Where conditions produce unnatural levels of runoff, such as occurs below roads, the stream beds will exhibit a greater amount of scour, often down to bedrock and banks may be undercut. This process greatly increases watershed erosion and results in thinner soils, upslope from the stream bed, as the channel adjusts to the increase in flow. The stream bed is very complex in terms of erosion. Sediment is transported, eroded and deposited on the stream bed.
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The Mackinaw River State Fish and Wildlife Area is a state park in Tazewell County, Illinois. It is operated by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR). The Area dates to 1970, when a conservation group based in Bloomington, the Parklands Foundation, donated its acreage to the state. The Mackinaw River SFWA consists of more than two square miles of upslope on the south bank of the Mackinaw River, primarily wooded land with some upland meadows.
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Windswept spruce Spruce Knob's climate can be classified as cold continental or highland. Summers are cool and often damp, with thunderstorms common both in spring and summer. Winters are cold and snowy, with an average of around of annual snowfall leaving the summit access road often impassible between October and April. Blizzard conditions can develop in minutes behind cold frontal passages and last days with upslope snowfall continuing with northwest winds, making travel on the mountain dangerous during the colder months.
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The cockpit and forward cabin separated from the rest of the airframe and were hurled over the crest of the hill, coming to a stop from the rest of the wreckage. The rest of the fuselage stopped within after impact. The main fuselage came to rest on the upslope of the hill, facing south, with the forward end extending over the crest of the hill. The right side of the forward end of the fuselage fractured a residential wooden deck.
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Intensive extensive green roofs InfilTrench: infiltration trenches are narrow ditches filled with gravel that intercept runoff from upslope impervious areas. They provide storage volume and additional time for captured runoff to infiltrate the native soil below. Infiltration trench (6438020585) PermPave or Permeable Pavements Continuous Permeable Pavement systems are excavated areas filled with gravel and paved over with a porous concrete or asphalt mix. Continuous Permeable Pavement systems are excavated areas filled with gravel and paved over with a porous concrete or asphalt mix.
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The wreckage is located on the eastern slope of a ridge in the Salmon Mountain Complex at an elevation of .Air Force Coordination Center Crash Locator The aircraft attitude was 30 degrees right bank, in a 3-4 degree climbing flightpath on a heading of 265 degrees at impact. After shearing numerous large fir trees, it struck the 30-35 degree upslope and slid uphill approximately . The main wreckage came to rest at an elevation of , and a severe ground fire occurred.
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Winant CD, Olson JR (1976) The vertical structure of coastal currents. Deep-Sea Research 23:925–936Winant CD (1980) Downwelling over the Southern California shelf. Journal of Physical Oceanography 10:791–799 These bores are evidenced by rapid, step-like changes in temperature and salinity with depth, the abrupt onset of upslope flows near the bottom and packets of high frequency internal waves following the fronts of the bores.Shanks AL (1995) Mechanisms of cross-shelf dispersal of larval invertebrates and fish.
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Road in the pine forest in Karasjok. The climate here has the greatest continentality and the coldest winters in Norway; north boreal zone. North boreal forest in Øvre Dividal National Park; the autumn colored leaves of the mountain birch, which continue upslope, pine having reached its limit. The North Boreal (NB) zone, (also known as open or sparse taiga) is the zone closest to the tree line, bordering the alpine or polar area, and dominated by a harsh subarctic climate.
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In mountainous areas, local distortion of the airflow becomes severe. Jagged terrain combines to produce unpredictable flow patterns and turbulence, such as rotors, which can be topped by lenticular clouds. Strong updrafts, downdrafts, and eddies develop as the air flows over hills and down valleys. Orographic precipitation occurs on the windward side of mountains and is caused by the rising air motion of a large-scale flow of moist air across the mountain ridge, also known as upslope flow, resulting in adiabatic cooling and condensation.
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Vista Glacier is located on north slopes of Glacier Peak in the U.S. state of Washington. As is true with all the glaciers found on Glacier Peak, Vista Glacier is retreating. During the Little Ice Age, Vista Glacier extended down to an altitude of and was connected to Ermine Glacier to its east. From the end of the Little Ice Age to the mid-1950s, Vista Glacier experienced a general retreat upslope, followed by an advance during a cooler and wetter period until the mid-1970s.
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Ceramics and house remains from contemporary habitation sites indicate both trading activity as well as residence by several of the prehistoric cultural groups of the Southwest. Besides the Mimbres, Mogollon, Salado, and Ancestral Puebloans, the Hohokam master canal builders of the Phoenix area are clearly included. Looking down the canal at the narrow, nearly completely filled channel of the Robinson Canal as it routes along the steep side of a mesa on its way to fields on Robinson Flat. Note the illusion of the canal coursing upslope.
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The climate of Kilimanjaro is influenced by the height of the mountain, which allows the simultaneous influence of the equatorial trade winds and the high altitude anti-trades; and by the isolated position of the mountain. Kilimanjaro has daily upslope and nightly downslope winds, a regimen stronger on the southern than the northern side of the mountain. The flatter southern flanks are more extended and affect the atmosphere more strongly. Kilimanjaro has two distinct rainy seasons, one from March to May and another around November.
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Ermine Glacier is located on north slopes of Glacier Peak in the U.S. state of Washington. As is true with all the glaciers found on Glacier Peak, Ermine Glacier is retreating. During the Little Ice Age, Ermine Glacier extended down to an altitude of and was connected to Vista Glacier to its west. From the end of the Little Ice Age to the mid-1950s, Ermine Glacier experienced a general retreat upslope, followed by an advance during a cooler and wetter period until the mid-1970s.
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Specifically how subalpine ecosystems will respond to warming is yet to be determined. One logical (albeit largely untested) prediction is that plant communities will retreat upslope. If this prediction becomes a reality, it would likely mean the loss of a significant proportion of the subalpine zone that exists today. Since subalpine is the highest zone on many mountain peaks, the migration of subalpine to higher elevations will instead result in a reduction of the zone; in a manner of speaking, species will be pushed off the mountain.
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Fledglings of the Philippine bulbul were recorded on Mindanao in late April, but the breeding season seems to be prolonged as females with ripe ovarian follicles were still found in April and May. Territorial songs are heard at lower altitudes as late as May, while further upslope the birds are silent at that time of year and presumably engaged in breeding activity. The besra has been recorded as a predator of young Philippine bulbuls, and this or other goshawks might also catch adult birds.Peterson et al.
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Crystal Lake Campground goes back to the 1920s as a privately leased concession until 1946 when it was permanently taken over by the U.S. Forest Service. It served as the largest campground in the Angeles National Forest, and at its height had 232 campsites. The campground is upslope from the lake about and a one-way paved road provides easy automobile access to and from the lake. There is also a foot trail that provides a gentle walk through the forest to the lake site.
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First Responders reported that upon their arrival the scene was fully engulfed in fire. The post impact fire consumed approximately of mountainside, and made any reconstruction of the wreckage impossible. The first identified point of impact, a ground scar located next to the separated tail boom and the left skid, was near the base of the mountainous terrain with the debris path emanating upslope. The debris path consisted of the tail boom, both skids, both engines, the main rotor assembly, and various other fuselage panels.
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In certain instances the entries have been revised and updated in the light of recent research." and adjacent to the deserted settlement at Lisheens.WI001-008: "Description: Situated on a gentle W-facing slope. Circular enclosure (diam. c. 30m) visible on aerial photograph (CUCAP, API 12) defined by a bank and an external fosse with a possible counterscarp bank at the N and W. The bank and fosse were somewhat flattened along the SE (upslope) where there is a slight indication of an entrance causeway.
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The jet was strongest from to above the surface. It also showed diurnal variations, with air traveling downslope towards the Gulf of California in the mornings and upslope in the evenings. During the field campaign, the jet was found to be a consistent feature during widely varying synoptic conditions; with it being present at Yuma 75% of the days studied. Further, the launch of the GOES 9 instrument in 1995 has enabled scientists to detect the amount of water vapor in a column of the atmosphere.
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Its scattered distribution suggests that the species once spread more broadly across North America, but was almost eradicated by glacial advances, surviving only where it escaped the ice in protected refugia. Box huckleberry prefers dry, acidic soils, including duff, and partial shade. Locations on wooded slopes tend to face north; however, the New Bloomfield site faces west. At one of the Delaware sites, a small portion of the colony extended to the wet margin of a marsh, but most was located on dry, sandy soil upslope.
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The Muschenheim House is a long, rectangular, five-bay concrete block and steel frame structure built on three levels. It has a low shed roof and curtain walls made from concrete block at the bottom, vertical colored cement siding, aluminum windows, and fascia and copper coping at the roof line. The street facade has a carport with a primary entrance through a wooden door with a large jalousie sidelight located nearby. A second door is within the carport, and a third door is located at the upslope end of the elevation.
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The Washoe Zephyr is a seasonal diurnal wind which occurs across western Nevada just east of the Sierra Nevada mountains. It blows primarily in the summer from mid afternoon until late in the evening from the west to southwest, becoming quite gusty. As the terrain is generally arid, the Washoe Zephyr typically lifts a considerable quantity of dust into the atmosphere. The Washoe Zephyr runs contrary to the usual pattern of diurnal mountain slope winds (upslope daytime, downslope nighttime) and thus its exact mechanism is still being studied.
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The buildings were built on a sharp upslope overlooking the Neversink River valley. In order to build access roads to the prison, the New York State Department of Correctional Services purchased the Lebowitz Pine View Hotel, the 62 acre (0.25 km²) adjoining property, in 1983. Originally, some prisoners from the Woodburne facility were transferred and housed in the hotel buildings, which were operated as a Woodburne annex until the completion of Sullivan in 1985. It operated as a minimum security Sullivan annex until 2010 when the annex portion was closed.
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Example of the folded cumulative distribution for a normal distribution function with an expected value of 0 and a standard deviation of 1. While the plot of a cumulative distribution often has an S-like shape, an alternative illustration is the folded cumulative distribution or mountain plot, which folds the top half of the graph over, thus using two scales, one for the upslope and another for the downslope. This form of illustration emphasises the median and dispersion (specifically, the mean absolute deviation from the median) of the distribution or of the empirical results.
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Up-slope winds during the day and down-slope winds at night. Slope-winds are produced by the temperature gradient between the valley and the air layer aloft. During daytime, the air above the valley on the slopes is warmer than at the bottom (due to a more direct exposure to incoming radiation), which leads to upslope flows converging at the ridge tops (and can lead to cloud formation depending on the humidity of the air parcel). At night, the air above the valley cools down faster than the surface leading to down-slope motion.
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Further upslope, above , rainfall decreases to or less and native forest merges into abandoned pastureland where alien grasses and weeds, introduced as forage for cattle, are the dominant vegetation. Since 1989, over 400,000 koa, ōhia, and other native plants have been planted in this area as part of the refuge's reforestation program. The Pua Akala Cabin, located within the refuge, was nominated to the National Register of Historic Places in August 2008. In 1985, on the eastern slope of Mauna Kea were established as the Hakalau Forest Unit.
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As the bed of Alamosa Creek approaches the canyon, it receives a flow of water from a series of springs. About 550 meters upstream (west) and then another 150 up-slope (north) from the creek bed is Willow Springs. Opposite Willow Springs and along the south bank of the creek are a series of small springs. About 300 meters north and upslope from the mouth of the Canada Alamosa is Ojo Caliente, a warm springs which releases a significant flow of warm water down a small coulee to the Alamosa creek bed.
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The Olson site (5BL147) is a multi-component rock walled game drive and is but one part of a much larger game drive complex located on Rollins Pass. Byron Olson and James Benedict conducted work at the site in the late-1960s. Present-day archaeology teams built on Olson and Benedict's work to expand the overview of the site using modern techniques. As of 2013, at least 45 blinds as well as 1,307 meters of rock walls are present across the Olson site; the purposes of which were to funnel game upslope to waiting hunters.
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Wu, You & Li considered the Barremian origin for grasses to be probable. The relationships among the three subfamilies Bambusoideae, Oryzoideae and Pooideae in the BOP clade have been resolved: Bambusoideae and Pooideae are more closely related to each other than to Oryzoideae. This separation occurred within the relatively short time span of about 4 million years. According to Lester Charles King the spread of grasses in the Late Cenozoic would have changed patterns of hillslope evolution favouring slopes that are convex upslope and concave downslope and lacking a free face were common.
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Gordon's characteristic briefly approached North Carolina, but ultimately the storm headed south, weakening into a minor tropical storm before making its sixth and final landfall on Florida's east coast. Overall, the storm made six separate landfalls. Hurricane Gordon caused heavy damage and 1,122 fatalities in Haiti; the storm's effects extended from Costa Rica to North Carolina in the United States. Over Hispaniola, the persistent southerly flow to the east of the storm, combined with the steep upslope motion of the land, generated prolonged rainfall which triggered disastrous flooding and mudslides.
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Large parts of the WAIS sit on a bed which is both below sea level and sloping downward inland.In this case, the ice is effectively moving upslope towards the sea. This slope, and the low isostatic head, mean that the ice sheet is theoretically unstable: a small retreat could in theory destabilize the entire WAIS, leading to rapid disintegration. Current computer models do not account well for the complicated and uncertain physics necessary to simulate this process, and observations do not provide guidance, so predictions as to its rate of retreat remain uncertain.
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Flooding was reported even in the mid-Atlantic and Northeast states, particularly along the Appalachian Mountains. A strip of upslope-induced rainfall along the Blue Ridge escarpment produced as much as of rain in some areas of western North Carolina as the warm tropical air surged up and over the mountains. Flooding along the Swannanoa River near Asheville, North Carolina caused a major break in Asheville's water distribution system, leaving the city without water for several days. The Pigeon River flooded in Haywood County, leaving many homeless and many businesses closed, including the town hall of Canton.
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Vineyard sign in La Romanée La Romanée is an Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) and Grand Cru vineyard for red wine in the Côte de Nuits subregion of Burgundy, with Pinot noir as the main grape variety.K. MacNeil The Wine Bible pg 191-195 Workman Publishing 2001 It is situated within the commune of Vosne-Romanée and is a monopole of the winery Comte Liger-Belair. La Romanée borders on Romanée-Conti downslope in the east, AuxReignots upslope in the west, La Grande Rue in the south, and Richebourg in the north. The AOC was created in 1936.
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Orographic precipitation occurs when moist air is forced upwards by terrain. Orographic or relief rainfall is caused when masses of air are forced up the side of elevated land formations, such as large mountains (often referred to as an upslope effect). The lift of the air up the side of the mountain results in adiabatic cooling, and ultimately condensation and precipitation. In mountainous parts of the world subjected to relatively consistent winds (for example, the trade winds), a more moist climate usually prevails on the windward side of a mountain than on the leeward (downwind) side.
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The relatively high latitude of 49° 15′ 0″ N (similar to Paris, France, at 48° 85′ 66″) means sunsets as early as 4:15 pm and sunrises as late as 8:10 am. From November to February, at the sunshine measuring station at the airport in Richmond, on average more than 70% of the already short daytime is completely cloudy. The percentage of cloudiness is higher in Vancouver and especially the North Shore because upslope winds going up the mountainsides lead to the development of clouds. Summers, in contrast, are characterized by a nearly opposite weather pattern, with consistent high pressure and sunshine.
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The Gangbal lake is approached from Srinagar 45 kilometers by road via Ganderbal up to Naranag and then a trek of 15 kilometers upslope leads to the lake, which can be covered by a horse ride or by foot. The gujjar shepherds can be seen during the trek with their flocks of sheep and goats. Another trek (25 kilometers long) leads to the lake site from Sonamarg via the Vishansar Lake crossing three mountain passes Nichnai pass, Gadsar pass and Zajibal pass of an average elevation of 4100 meters. It can also be accessed through a trek from Bandipore via Arin.
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Large-diameter, rot-resistant trunks of fallen redwood trees may resist erosion more effectively than the friable upper Cretaceous marine sedimentary and metasedimentary bedrock of the drainage basin.Strand, Rudolph G. Geologic Map of California:Redding Sheet (1962) State of California Resources Agency Founders Grove on the Bull Creek flood plain was within purchased in 1931 by the Save the Redwoods League. Timber on land upslope of Founders Grove was harvested in 1947. Heavy rains in December 1955 washed soil, rocks, and debris from the deforested slopes; and this debris flood felled three hundred trees with trunks more than in diameter within the downslope grove.
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The evaporite layer present within the basin is responsible for many topographic features that developed since its deposition as salt movement deforms the surrounding bedrock. The driving force behind salt tectonics is thought to be extension governed by gravity. As gravity spreading acts upon the salt layers it causes upslope extension and downslope contraction, which also explains many of the folds and features of the basin. Seismic profiles taken from offshore Angola show many different salt structures such as diapirs, clines, turtle features, and salt walls that show several deformation phases as the salt squeezes upwards when it is deposited upon.
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Clark, the original excavator, believed the Mesolithic people would have lived on a brushwood platform on the edge of the former Lake Flixton. Recent excavations have revealed that people lived on the dry land upslope of the lake and various activities were carried out at the lake edge. There is much debate about the time of year the site was occupied. Mesolithic people hunted a number of animals including red and roe deer, elk, aurochs and wild boar but there are various seasonal assessments and as the site was occupied over several hundred years it is likely that seasonal practices varied over time.
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Heavy vehicles account for about five per cent of total vehicle movements over the pass. In 2008 the pass was subject to a major rock fall that required slope stabilisation works with the Princes Highway closed for seven weeks. Following a serious rock fall in 2015 that landed on a vehicle, there were extensive investigations into the upslope section of Bulli Pass. To ensure the long term safety and stability of Bulli Pass, Roads & Maritime Services closed the road to traffic from October 2016 to December 2016, and again from April to June 2017, to install of rock fall protection barrier fencing, from the M1 Princes Motorway to the hairpin bend.
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At the ground surface, the contact with the Vaqueros is obvious along the south slope of the mountains, for it is almost always defined by the line dividing the rounded, grassy foothills from the more rugged, chaparral-covered sandstones upslope. Thickness of the unit at the surface ranges from about 1400 to 1700 feet south of the mountain crest, averaging 1600 feet. It is less thick north of the mountains, attaining a maximum thickness of around 1000 feet at the western end of its range, and thinning to the east. In the subsurface under the Santa Barbara Channel the thickness is variable but generally less than onshore.
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If enough moisture and upward motion is present, precipitation falls from convective clouds (those with strong upward vertical motion) such as cumulonimbus (thunder clouds) which can organize into narrow rainbands. In mountainous areas, heavy precipitation is possible where upslope flow is maximized within windward sides of the terrain at elevation which forces moist air to condense and fall out as rainfall along the sides of mountains. On the leeward side of mountains, desert climates can exist due to the dry air caused by downslope flow which causes heating and drying of the air mass. The movement of the monsoon trough, or intertropical convergence zone, brings rainy seasons to savannah climes.
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The most distinctive landforms created by gelifluction include gelifluction lobes and gelifluction benches. The former refer to tongue-shaped deposits of geliflucted material orientated downslope that tend to form on slopes of between 10° and 20°, whereas the latter refer to terrace-like deposits forming on gentler slopes with a long axis running parallel to the slope contour. Gelifluction lobes can be further subdivided into either stone-banked or turf- banked lobes depending on vegetation cover. A lobe is usually measured in terms of its front (riser) and its length upslope (tread); gelifluction lobes typically have risers of up to and treads of up to .
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From a rock art perspective, the boulder is significant as it contains more petroglyphs than any other known boulder east of the Mississippi River. Judaculla Rock contains approximately 1,548 motifs, 3.7 times the total of 421 motifs at the substantial Track Rock Gap petroglyph boulder complex in far northern Georgia. From an archaeological perspective, the intact deposits upslope from Judaculla Rock contain physical traces of Late Archaic soapstone quarrying and bowl manufacturing activities. The location of Judaculla Rock between Cullowhee townhouse and Judaculla's townhouse in Tannasee Bald is reflected in Cherokee stories of other petroglyph boulders in the mountains and foothills of North Carolina and northern Georgia.
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Commemorative plaque for the 50th anniversary of the Pan Am Flight 217 tragedy. On the night of Thursday, December 12, 1968, Pan Am Flight 217 covering the route between New York City and Caracas plunged into the Caribbean Sea at 10:02 at night during its final approach to the Maiquetía International Airport, causing the death of all its occupants. The Boeing 707-321B with registration N494-PA and named "Clipper Malay" was carrying 42 passengers and 9 crew members. The cause of the crash was believed to be pilot error, as a result of an optical illusion created by the lights of the city on an upslope.
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Late-winter blizzard, March 2007 Duluth has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), slightly moderated by its proximity to Lake Superior. Winters are long, snowy, and very cold, normally seeing maximum temperatures remaining below on 106 days (the second-most of any city in the contiguous US behind International Falls), falling to or below on 40–41 nights and bringing consistent snow cover from late November to late March. Winter storms that pass south or east of Duluth can often set up easterly or northeasterly flow, which leads to occasional upslope lake-effect snow events that bring or more of snow to the city while areas inland receive considerably less. The average annual snowfall is 81.5 in.
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While inland flooding is common to tropical cyclones, there are factors which lead to excessive rainfall from tropical cyclones. Slow motion, as was seen during Hurricane Danny (1997) and Hurricane Wilma, can lead to high amounts of rainfall. The presence of mountains/hills near the coast, like across much of Mexico, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Central America, Madagascar, Réunion, China, and Japan acts to magnify rainfall potential due to forced upslope flow into the mountains. Strong upper level forcing from a trough moving through the Westerlies and its associated cold front, as was the case during Hurricane Floyd, can lead to high amounts even from systems moving at an average forward motion.
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On 12 January 1962, squadron Executive Officer Commander Norbert Kozak launched in LA-9 from Naval Air Station Keflavik for an ice patrol mission along the Greenland coast, in an apparent controlled flight into terrain, the aircraft crashed into the upslope of the Kronborg Glacier near the Denmark Strait, killing all twelve men aboard. The crash site was not discovered until 1966 when four geologists found it and while some remains were recovered in September 1966, it was not until 2004 that the Navy recovered all the crew remains and memorialized the crew at the crash site. In October 1962 the squadron was one of the first called up for the Cuban Quarantine during the Cuban Missile Crisis.
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2, p.135) that indicates most vividly the interface between a past manner and what was to come immediately after in William Wordsworth’s “Lines written a few miles above Tintern Abbey” (1798). Jerningham’s poem is a work of elegiac antiquarianism not very different from descriptions by other poets of the timeThe language of sense, poetical Tintern, University of Michigan and with the same aesthetic appreciation of the melancholy scene as is found in J. M. W. Turner’s 1794 watercolour of the abbey ruins (see opposite). Wordsworth pays sly homage to this almost obligatory sensibility by interpreting the “wreaths of smoke” rising from the local ironworks as possible evidence “of some Hermit’s cave” upslope.
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Movements to the coast and upslope in the Sierras occur in drought years and movements to the edges of the range and into the Central Valley after wet years, possibly because of an increased food supply. It has bred a few times in Arizona. Most, but not always all, birds leave northern, central, and inland southern California in winter. They move into the coastal lowlands and into the lower parts of the southeastern California deserts, ranging irregularly (sometimes in large numbers) southeastward to northern Sonora and northwestern Chihuahua and eastward to the southern half of Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and even the area of El Paso, Texas—roughly the Madrean Sky Islands region.
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Somerset County along with Garrett County is one of the snowiest inhabited locations in the United States, with the highest elevations of the county averaging 150+ inches of snow each winter. The county's elevation and general proximity to both the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean causes snow from both Nor'easters and lake effect upslope snow events to fall from late October through early April. Snow has been recorded in Somerset County in every month except July, although local lore has it that even July saw snow in 1816, "the year without a summer." Mount Davis, the highest natural point in the state of Pennsylvania at 3,213 feet (979 m), is located in the southern part of the County.
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This proposed another possible cause to the production of the wave which caused destruction as high as 1,720 ft (524 m) above the surface of the bay as its momentum carried it upslope. It is possible that a good amount of water drained from the glacial lake through a glacial tunnel flowing directly in front of the glacier, though neither the rate of drainage nor the volume of water drained could produce a wave of such magnitude. Even if a large enough drainage were to take place in front of the Gilbert Glacier, the run-off would have been projected to be on the opposite side in Crillon Inlet. After these considerations it was determined that glacial drainage was not the mechanism that caused the giant wave.
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Floods in Colorado include the flood of 1844 which filled the South Platte valley from "bluff to bluff""Floods in Colorado" Department of the Interior 1949 to the recent Denver floods of 1965 and the 2013 Colorado floods. Colorado floods are of two types: floods covering a large area resulting from heavy regional rainfall or snowmelt and flash floods resulting from isolated cloudbursts such as the Big Thompson flood of 1976. Upslope winds bringing Gulf moisture to streams draining the Colorado Piedmont, the Denver Convergence Vorticity Zone, at the western edge of the High Plains and to the streams of the Front Range are associated with most flooding. Floods on the Western Slope and in the San Luis Valley such as the floods of October 1911 depend on rare infusions of substantial Pacific moisture.
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The thousand foot lift of the cable railway was not continuous. The initial two and later three sections of the Ashley Planes railroad was capable of operation as a funicular railroad or a cable railroad, for its hoist houses all used a pusher cart called a 'barney' hooked into a continuous cable in the same way as a modern ski lift uses a continuous cable. Like a ski lift, the railway was operated from a standing engine by an operator in control of a winch, clutch and brake. A helper spotted cars below a short local drop to an area upslope of the 'barney house', where the cable and pusher cart would drop into on one end (heading down) and rise out of on the other to engage the freight cars and push them upwards.
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In the context of wildland fire, the fire triangle can be scaled up to apply to understand fire spread over landscapes (scales of days and several kilometres) and recurrence of fire over time (scales of decades and hundreds of kilometres). Thus, while heat is important to ignite a flame, topography is important for aiding fire spread especially by preheating upslope fuels, and ignitions sources are important to help explain recurrence on longer time scales. Similarly, while oxygen is relevant to sustain a flame, weather and associated winds feed oxygen into a spreading fire, and the longer-term pattern of weather is summarized as climate. Lastly, fuels is the term to describe what burns in a single flame to the range of materials burnt in a spreading wildfire, but fuels vary over larger space and time scales in what is called vegetation.
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At this time, the flow front was about from the outskirts of Hilo. Smoke from burning vegetation, loud explosions caused by methane gas along the advancing flow front and the intense glow at night all contributed to a growing concern among Hilo's residents. Early in the morning of March 29, a levee along the lava channel broke at the elevation about upslope from the flow front (flow E on map). The lava was diverted into a new subparallel flow (flow F on map) and flow E stagnated, temporarily relieving emergency-response officials and residents of Hilo. This new ‘a‘ā lava flow moved at a comparable rate to the earlier flow E, yet did not extend beyond flow E until April 4. Another significant levee breakout occurred on April 5, forming a third subparallel ‘a‘ā lava flow (flow G on map) that moved downslope.
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In truth, the history, business situation, and fortunes of not just the two, but of three towns, the third being the nearby Summit Hill, PA located a few thousand feet upslope were tied in decades of co-development because the LC&N; had built the western terminus of the nation's second railroad, the Summit Hill and Mauch Chunk Gravity Railway to ship coal out, and opened multiple mines throughout Coaldale and Lansford and the rest of the Panther Creek Valley in the days when railroads were coming into their own. The town has a bus stop with sign on one side reading "Everybody's Goal Is Mine More Coal". The area on the western border of the borough is known as Seek. There is a historical marker for "Mother" Mary Jones located in Coaldale as she organized many strikes and protest on behalf of coal miners around the country for improved pay, safer work environment and child labor laws.
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In the tenth century documents show Leonina too as Curtis. Other documentation, even if fragmentary, testifies to the existence of a stable settlement in Leonina. At the time of the Black Death, (1348 with several return of the plague in the following 60–70 years ) Leonina’s population halved from more than 150-160 to about 60 at the beginning of 1400. This fate was common to Siena, Asciano and the whole territory of the Sienese Republic: Siena’s population fell from about 50,000 before the Black Death to 14-16,000 in 1400-1450 (Ginatempo, 1990) and returned to pre-plague levels only at the end of twentieth century. Asciano, with its surroundings, was a major town in the Sienese territory for a long time and contributed to the Republic’s economy in a substantial way, gaining Sienese citizenship in 1369. A few kilometers south of Asciano the small town of Chiusure grew around the seventh century church of Sant’Angelo in Luco, despite the fact that the hill on which the village is located would have been threatened by the approach of the heads of large (and deep) gully systems retreating upslope.
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