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"undulation" Definitions
  1. a smooth, curving shape or movement like a series of waves
"undulation" Synonyms
crinkle fold furrow ripple wave wrinkle fluctuation roll sway waviness oscillation shaking vibration shuddering trembling twitching quivering shivering shake jiggling waving swaying swing swinging sweep motion movement swinging back and forth rippling scroll curl curlicue convolution rocking winding speed bump bump hump ramp ridge speed hump traffic calming measure Botts' dots judder bar silent policeman sleeping policeman rumble strip coil corkscrew loop twirl twist crimp frizz kink ringlet spiral helix coiling whorl involution volution turn swell billow surge billowing breaker rolling surf surging bulge bulging deluge rise rush roller rise and fall wash flow splash lapping welling gush swirl eddy heave murmur spurt swishing ebb and flow flutter flapping flap fluttering flailing flicker wagging bat beating flitter quiver vibrating thrashing curve bend arch bow curvature arc hook trajectory angle corner crook curvation meander oxbow wind ellipse revolution rotation spin reel wheel gyration run whirl cycle pirouette revolving trundling turning circle gyre circuit pivot change variation vacillation flux inconstancy shift instability wavering variability alteration unsteadiness changeability alternation see-sawing yo-yoing frequency beat pulse pulsation rhythm throb cadence cadency palpitation pounding tick meter(US) measure curliness corrugation crinkliness sinuosity twistiness unevenness earthquake tremor quake convulsion shock foreshock microseism temblor trembler aftershock seism earthdin fault macroseism quaker seimicity seismism wag waggle switch swish wiggle whisk twitch bob waver whip wobble brandish More

184 Sentences With "undulation"

How to use undulation in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "undulation" and check conjugation/comparative form for "undulation". Mastering all the usages of "undulation" from sentence examples published by news publications.

Camel's Hump was frozen on the horizon or snapped mid-undulation.
That's when everyone's favorite burpy little sex beat came on and the undulation began.
"The undulation allowed us to dramatize all the views on the island," Geuze explained.
Visuals by the Japanese artist Daito Manabe only heightened the sense of suspended undulation.
SAY THE WORD "grass" and you picture not a lone blade but a mass undulation.
Flashing a beam at the front of the ray's fins caused an undulation to start propagating.
I rest my palm against his sacrum, gently drumming my fingers atop his butt crack: cue hip undulation.
The Monza track was chosen for its wide, sweeping curves, lack of undulation and cool, low-wind environment.
The Arabic word tamawuj translates as a rising and falling in waves, a flowing, a swelling, an undulation.
The undulation suggests that a wind is blowing through the marks, or that a tremor is rippling the ground.
The club switched to Bermuda grass, and with the undulation on the greens, it became a beast to play.
Thus, like a cascade of dominoes, waves of muscular undulation passed from one end of the ray to the other.
They also swim, using their tails the way alligators do, in an undulation that can only be seen from above.
Northern Canada's Ungava Bay is another place where the natural undulation of the ocean matches the length of the bay.
In some, the figures are foreshortened and slightly warped, as their bodies conform to the undulation of the classical ceramic shape.
Each new flash triggered a new undulation, so making the ray move forward in a straight line meant flashing at each fin simultaneously.
A painting of the port in Marly, flooded after the Seine burst its banks, unifies sky, water and a cafe into an allover undulation of pigment.
The air smelled of dust and manure though she could see no farms or even homesteads, just the endless undulation of rural Montana, hills swallowing hills.
But in the vine-covered countryside surrounding this sleepy village, where the tiniest undulation of the land constitutes a hill, another side of Bordeaux is on display.
He swerved out of an upper-body undulation into a downward plunge, kicking a leg up behind him almost into a split as his face skimmed the floor.
Piezoelectric polymers in the rod convert this motion into electricity, with the frequency of the undulation (and therefore of the electric current) indicating the length of the rod's exposed part.
Perhaps you've heard it had to do with a phenomenon known as forced resonance: the wind matched the bridge's natural resonant frequency, gaining energy with every undulation until it broke apart.
Or at least it looked that way, as I awoke, groggy, and peered out my hotel window at a colossal undulation of orange, purple and teal stripes snaking through the forest canopy.
I mean, wouldn't it be fun to hear people talking about a shrivel of critics or a sprig of vegetarians or a worship of writers or an undulation of hills more often?!
It's like this kid had been practicing for this moment for his whole life: the undulation, the arm behind his back to get out of his way, the backwards cap to... look cool while doing it.
The inspiration for all of her work, she says, is the natural world — like bales of hay or the undulation of hills; she created a floor covering for a Long Island residence that was meant to mimic the sand on the nearby beach.
But "as it is almost impossible to conceive each sensitive point of the retina to contain an infinite number of particles, each capable of vibrating in unison with every possible undulation, it becomes necessary to suppose the number limited, for instance, to the three principal colours, red, yellow, and blue," Young said.
Geoid undulation in false color, shaded relief and vertical exaggeration (10000 scale factor). Geoid undulation in false color, to scale.
Geoid undulation in false color, shaded relief and vertical exaggeration (10000 scale factor). Geoid undulation in false color, to scale.
Greater lateral flexion would have enabled lateral undulation useful for swimming.
Undulation of the geoid is the height of the geoid relative to a given ellipsoid of reference. The undulation is not standardized, as different countries use different mean sea levels as reference, but most commonly refers to the EGM96 geoid. Map of the undulation of the geoid in meters (based on the EGM96 gravity model and the WGS84 reference ellipsoid).
The band performed at the Guildhall in Preston, England on 5 November 1980. The first 40 minutes were bootlegged on LP as Undulation (1986), with a later CD version misnamed Soundtrack For Fantasy, Live in Detroit, USA Undulation (1992). Some of the Undulation LPs were relabled Edison's Last Playoff (1993). Space Trucking (1986) contains material from both the Preston 1980 and Newcastle 1981 concerts.
During this action, the rest of the body of the skate remains motionless. Another form of swimming locomotion in R. elganteria is through the undulation of the pectoral fins.Rosenberger, L. J. 2001. Pectoral fin locomotion in batoid fishes: undulation versus oscillation.
A point where the second derivative vanishes but does not change sign is sometimes called a point of undulation or undulation point. In algebraic geometry an inflection point is defined slightly more generally, as a regular point where the tangent meets the curve to order at least 3, and an undulation point or hyperflex is defined as a point where the tangent meets the curve to order at least 4.
Septum with a wide undulation near its origin, thence straight and incrassate at the end.
The recently plowed earth, the yellowing roads, the dark woodland, everything was pulsating in weariless undulation.
Calculating the undulation is mathematically challenging. This is why many handheld GPS receivers have built-in undulation lookup tables to determine the height above sea level. The precise geoid solution by Vaníček and co-workers improved on the Stokesian approach to geoid computation. Their solution enables millimetre-to-centimetre accuracy in geoid computation, an order-of- magnitude improvement from previous classical solutions.
Boisvert describes the locomotion of Panderichthys as possibly using one of its pectoral fins to anchor itself while side to side undulation propels the body forward.
Simosaurus was probably a moderately powerful swimmer with a locomotion that was transitional between the lateral undulation of early sauropterygians and the strong flipper-driven swimming of plesiosaurs.
Eohupehsuchus holotype Hupehsuchians were clearly well adapted to marine life, as they possessed limbs that were paddle-like in shape and had fusiform bodies. The characteristically elongated neural spines likely were associated with well-developed epaxial muscles (muscles lying above the transverse process of the vertebrae) that facilitated lateral undulation in an axial subundulatory mode. The pattern of articulation in the vertebrae suggests that such undulation was concentrated posteriorly near the pelvic girdle and tail. Hupehsuchus likely was better equipped for lateral undulation as a means of locomotion than Nanchangosaurus was, as evidenced by the assumed greater degree of lateral compression in the body of the former genus, as well as generally more elongated neural spines.
This Horseshoe completely surrounded by bunkers, this par three is a copy of many elevated short holes in Scotland. "Buried elephants" is one way to describe the horseshoe-shaped undulation.
Compared to ambulocetids, remingtonocetids had relatively short limbs. Based on their skeletal remains, remingtonocetids were probably amphibious cetaceans that were well adapted to swimming, and likely to swim by caudal undulation only.
The unusual body form allows the animals to swim by means of muscular undulation, as well as by using their cilia. The largest species, belonging to the genus Cestum, can reach in length.
The flat distal regions of the limbs could be used as paddles for very slow swimming and maneuvering. When it needed more rapid bursts, lateral undulation might be applied with the limbs pressed against the sides. It could also walk on land, but with its small limbs it could only walk slowly. Compared to other swimming locomotion, such as carangiform axial locomotion (tuna-like swimming), Adriosaurus swam mainly by lateral undulation because of its laterally compressed body, flattened tail, and small limbs.
Longer thinner pectoral fins make for faster speeds in oscillation mobility in pelagic zones. Visually distinguishable oscillation has less than one wave going, opposed to undulation having more than one wave at all times.
North of the Congo basin, and separated from it by a broad undulation of the surface, is the basin of Lake Chad – a flat-shored, shallow lake filled principally by the Chari coming from the southeast.
A.T. Schafer (1944) "Two singularities of space curves", Duke Mathematical Journal 11; 655–70 Alice continued her investigations into curves near an undulation point, publishing in American Journal of Mathematics in 1948.A. T. Schafer (1948) "The neighborhood of an undulation point on a space curve", American Journal of Mathematics 70: 351–63 When she was completing her studies at Chicago, she met Richard Schafer, who was also completing his Ph.D. in mathematics at Chicago. In 1942 Turner married Richard Schafer, after both had completed their doctorates. They had two sons.
If the second derivative, exists at , and is an inflection point for , then , but this condition is not sufficient for having a point of inflection, even if derivatives of any order exist. In this case, one also needs the lowest-order (above the second) non-zero derivative to be of odd order (third, fifth, etc.). If the lowest-order non-zero derivative is of even order, the point is not a point of inflection, but an undulation point. However, in algebraic geometry, both inflection points and undulation points are usually called inflection points.
Snakes can exhibit 5 different modes of terrestrial locomotion: (1) lateral undulation, (2) sidewinding, (3) concertina, (4) rectilinear, and (5) slide-pushing. Lateral undulation closely resembles the simple undulatory motion observed in many other animals such as in lizards, eels and fish, in which waves of lateral bending propagate down the snake's body. The American eel typically moves in an aquatic environment, though it can also move on land for short periods of time. It is able to successfully move about in both environments by producing traveling waves of lateral undulations.
Hummel, S.A. "Frisbee Flight Simulation and Throw Biomechanics ." University of Missouri, Rolla Ph.D. Thesis. 1997. Accessed 2009-07-14. The snake continuously moves in lateral undulation to create the same effect of increased air pressure underneath its arched body to glide.
Geoid undulations display uncertainties which can be estimated by using several methods, e.g. least-squares collocation (LSC), fuzzy logic, artificial neutral networks, radial basis functions (RBF), and geostatistical techniques. Geostatistical approach has been defined as the most improved technique in prediction of geoid undulation.
Their body size is microscopic with a shell diameter of less than 1 cm. The foot has evolved into a muscular swimming fin. Their swimming fin extends anteriorly beneath their head. They swim with their ventral part upward through undulation of their swimming fin.
Arboreal concertina locomotion is employed on bare branches on trees, when secondary branches are not available (when they are, snakes perform lateral undulation, using these branches as contact points). In this mode of concertina locomotion, snakes likely grip the branch by ventrally flexing the body at the points where the alternation bends cross the perch, with the bends themselves sometimes extending beyond the edge of the branch. The snake extends the anterior portion of its body, but as it does so, the body follows a constant path (like lateral undulation, but unlike tunnel concertina locomotion). It then forms anterior grips and pulls the body forward, again demonstrating the 'path following' characteristic.
Calema are a duo music duo from São Tomé and Príncipe with origins in Portugal formed by the two brothers António Mendes Ferreira (born 5 April 1992) and Fradique Mendes Ferreira (born 19 March 1987). The name of the duo refers to the special undulation on the African coast.
Tunnel concertina locomotion is often employed in unobstructed tunnels, where the snake lacks both sufficient contact points to perform lateral undulation and sufficient lateral room to perform sidewinding. During tunnel concertina locomotion, the snake anchors itself by flexing its body in a series on alternating bends which press against the walls of the tunnel. The snake extends the anterior portion of its body by straightening these bends, then flexes the anterior portion of the body to form anterior anchor points while pulling the posterior portion forward. This mode of concertina, while still slower than lateral undulation or sidewinding, is still fairly fast, with snakes moving approximately 10% of their length per second.
The method of movement is derived from lateral undulation, and is very similar, in spite of appearances. A picture of a snake performing lateral undulation would show something like a sine wave, with straight segments of the body having either a positive or negative slope. Sidewinding is accomplished by undulating vertically as well as laterally, with the head tracing out an ellipse in a vertical plane nearly perpendicular to the direction of movement and with all the segments that have a significantly non-zero slope (and alternating segments that have a zero slope) lifted off the ground. In the resultant movement, the snake's body is always in static (as opposed to sliding) contact when touching the ground.
The cemetery takes up the rear of the lot. It is mostly flat, with some undulation near the east side. Several paved and unpaved lanes cross it to provide vehicular access to graves, dividing it into 20 sections, their routes corresponding to former lot boundaries. The earliest gravestone is dated 1813.
Mud salamanders breed during the warmer months of the year. Egg deposition commonly occurs during autumn and winter. The females reproduce at most once per year (usually once per two years), while males may breed several times a year. “When a mate is found, the male performs a tail undulation display.
The Shape of the Earth. Scientific American, 217(4), 67-80. The polar asymmetry is small, though: it is about a thousand times smaller than the earth's flattening and even smaller than the geoidal undulation is some regions of the Earth.Günter Seeber (2008), Satellite Geodesy, Walter de Gruyter, 608 pages.
There are many sections along the highway with roughness and undulation which make the highway unsafe to drive. Road sections near Malekhu and Galchhi need extensive care because of the failure even after maintenance. Rutting, shoving have been the main problem in those areas. Vehicle axle load limit isn't in serious account.
The giant otter shrew is a mammal superficially similar to an otter in appearance. It is characterized by a long, flat tail, which it uses for swimming by sideways undulation like a fish. It has a muzzle covered with bristles, and flat shielded nostrils. It has dense, soft hair, silky on the tail.
New York: Academic, 1–100 The study draws a conclusion from hydrodynamic properties of cephalopods as implied to human kinetics, discerning significant patterns, like floating, puddle, undulation or efficiency. In biomechanical aspect medusoid and anguilliform shows positive results: low Reynolds number, low viscous forces, stability, great laminar flow, linear momentum and efficient velocity.
For example, sidewinding and lateral undulation are both gaits. Snakebot gaits are often designed by investigating period changes to the shape of the robot. You can think of a caterpillar moving by changing the shape of its body to match a sinusoidal wave. Similarly, snakebots can move by adapting their shape to different periodic functions.
Wantzosaurus was a genus of temnospondyl amphibian of the Trematosauridae family. Fossils have been found in the Early Triassic Middle Sakamena Formation (Sakamena Group) of what is now Madagascar. It showed adaptations for an almost completely aquatic lifestyle, having the ability to swim by lateral undulation. A pelagic lifestyle for this animal has been proposed.
As this vertical is everywhere perpendicular to the idealized surface of mean sea level, or the geoid, this means that the figure of the Earth is even more irregular than an ellipsoid of revolution. Thus the study of the "undulation of the geoid" became the next great undertaking in the science of studying the figure of the Earth.
The Exchequer Loan Commissioners engaged him in 1835-37 in the repair of the Montrose suspension bridge after its fall. There he introduced the principle of trussing the framing of the roadway. This system of preventing the undulation, by which so many structures of the kind have been destroyed, was quickly acknowledged to be essential to their safety.
Greenskeepers measure the "speed" of golf greens with a stimpmeter. The stimpmeter is used to compare green speed within a facility to ensure consistency. Stimpmeter readings should not be used to compare one facility with another; many factors, including design, undulation and grass type affect green speed. The tool measures how fast a green allows the golf ball to travel.
Beach scene Cala Tuent is on Majorca, Spain's largest island, located in the Mediterranean Sea and part of the Balearic Islands archipelago. The beach has a length of 180 meters, the middle width amounts to 55 meters. Flints, stones and small sand surfaces alternate. By the elongated water surface of the sea cut a moderate undulation exists within the bay.
An example of a Rhinopristiform, the guitarfish relies on undulation of its caudal fin for propulsion Rhinopristiformes are an intermediate group between sharks and rays. There has been little study into their swimming characteristics but it can be assumed from their morphological similarity to sharks that they rely primarily on body caudal fin swimming and the pectoral fins do not generate thrust.
Sheltered beneath the double-twisted roof is a square interior enclosed entirely in glass. The undulation of the roof provided openness in some areas and privacy and seclusion in others. As with most modernist houses in Raleigh, it was built by Frank Walser. The Catalano House was sometimes referred to as the "Potato Chip" house because of the swooping hyperbolic paraboloid roof.
There is only a short window for breathing in the butterfly. If this window is missed, swimming becomes very difficult. Optimally, a butterfly swimmer synchronizes the taking of breaths with the undulation of the body to simplify the breathing process; doing this well requires some attention to butterfly stroke technique. The breathing process begins during the underwater "press" portion of the stroke.
The legs are synchronized with each other which uses a whole different set of muscles. The shoulders are brought above the surface by a strong up and medium down kick, and back below the surface by a strong down and up kick. A smooth undulation fuses the motion together. The feet are pressed together to avoid loss of water pressure.
However, terrestrial molluscs such as slugs and snails tend to use direct waves. Lugworms and seals also use direct waves. Most snakes move using lateral undulation where a lateral wave travels down the snake's body in the opposite direction to the snake's motion and pushes the snake off irregularities in the ground. This mode of locomotion requires these irregularities to function.
R. Safinya, et al., « Steric interactions in a model membrane system: a synchrotron x-ray study », Phys. Rev. Lett., 57, (1986), p. 2718D. Roux and C. R. Safinya, « A synchrotron x-ray study of competing undulation and electrostatic interactions in lamellar lyotropic phases », J. de Physique France, 49, (1988), p. 307 and the discovery of membrane phases randomly connected in space (sponge phase).
The commune liest about southwest of Abbeville, at the junction of the national road N1 and the departmental road D32. Part of the old region of Ponthieu, the town is situated on a large plateau. Only the slightest undulation of the land is noticeable. 3 neighbourhoods can be distinguished: Ailly (the "centre") and the former hamlets of Famechon and Alliel.
A neonate sidewinder rattlesnake (Crotalus cerastes) sidewinding Most often employed by colubroid snakes (colubrids, elapids, and vipers) when the snake must move in an environment that lacks irregularities to push against (rendering lateral undulation impossible), such as a slick mud flat, or a sand dune, sidewinding is a modified form of lateral undulation in which all of the body segments oriented in one direction remain in contact with the ground, while the other segments are lifted up, resulting in a peculiar "rolling" motion.Cogger(1991), p. 177. This mode of locomotion overcomes the slippery nature of sand or mud by pushing off with only static portions on the body, thereby minimizing slipping. The static nature of the contact points can be shown from the tracks of a sidewinding snake, which show each belly scale imprint, without any smearing.
The presence of Altenglanerpeton in a lake deposit suggests that it was aquatic. The long body and reduced limbs would have facilitated lateral undulation as a form of swimming. Although it is not preserved in the holotype specimen, the tail may have had an elongated tadpole-like fin. In contrast, the robust skull and lack of lateral line grooves in Altenglanerpeton suggest that it was primarily terrestrial.
Due to the paired and overlapping nature of the folded wings, much of the hindwing details are obscured and not observable. The hindwings are an estimated long and wide, with little to no vein detail visible. The hindwing margins that are visible display the distinct undulation that is seen on the forewings. Subtriangular in shape, the forewings are wide and long with a uniformly broad coastal space.
These fish use a range of terrestrial locomotory modes, such as lateral undulation, tripod-like walking (using paired fins and tail), and jumping. Many of these locomotory modes incorporate multiple combinations of pectoral, pelvic and tail fin movement. Many ancient fish had lung-like organs, and a few, such as the lungfish and bichir, still do. Some of these ancient "lunged" fish were the ancestors of tetrapods.
Udhwa, the eponymous CD Block headquarters, is located at . It is on Mokama-Farakka Highway – NH 80. The district can be divided into two regions, one of which is the plains, consisting of uplands, undulation along ridges and depressions covers the Sahibganj, Rajmahal, Udhwa and Barharwa CD Blocks. Three rivers flowing through this region – the Ganges, Gumani and Bansloi - make the plains rich and cultivable.
They swim using a side to side wiggling motion that is similar to the movement of a snake or by undulation of their dorsal fin. The pipefish's diet is mainly small crustaceans, fish fry, and zooplankton. The roles males and females take on in reproduction are similar to those of male and female seahorses. The males carry the fertilized eggs in specialized pouches on their bodies.
A player can send the jack anywhere on the green in this game and the green itself is more akin to a golf green, with much undulation. It is played with only two woods each. The jack also has a bias and is only slightly smaller than the woods. At the amateur level it is usual for several ends to be played simultaneously on one green.
The wings are brownish grey, the forewings with traces of some waved antemedial lines and with a hyaline (glass-like) speck at the end of the cell. There are five waved lines beyond the middle. The postmedial line is indistinct and the waved submarginal line sends out dark streaks along the veins to the postmedial line. The undulation between veins two and three is filled in by a dark brown blotch.
Lutrine opossums are quadrupedal and extremely agile. Although they are primarily terrestrial they are also adept climbers and swimmers. Their long body, proportionally short limbs, and no undulation of the vertebral column disqualifies them from being categorized as a specialized semi-aquatic mammal. Although they cannot be classified as truly specialized mammals, they are still considered strong swimmers drawing power from the hind limbs as the forelimbs paddle.
Denticles varied in length along the ridge and formed a kind of undulation in the edge of the tooth. The first tooth protruded from the premaxilla, while the mandibular symphysis (the part of the jaw in which both rami meet) was very long and had more than ten tooth sockets on each side. The face was long and straight, devoid of any lateral expansion. Teeth and mandible of Makhaira rossica.
A myoneme (or spasmoneme) is a contractile structure found in some eukaryotic single-celled organisms, particularly Vorticella. It consists of a series of protein filaments that shorten rapidly upon exposure to calcium. Although the shortening can be up to 100 lengths per second, faster than any muscle, the relaxation time is several seconds (compared to approximately one tenth of a second for muscle). The myonemes of Acantharea also display slow contraction and undulation movements.
The wooden base is solidly cladded with oak, dissolving into oak fins and curved glass above. The sun shading and acoustically isolating vertical fins gently forms the perimeter of the house, resonating the undulation throughout the river valley. The materiality throughout the building demonstrates Shim’s attempt to connect with nature. The inside features sensuous details such as the hand blown laminated glass staircase, which is a collaborated artwork with a glass artist, Mimi Gellman.
Most tadpoles have a flattened tail with which they swim by lateral undulation. Tadpoles have spiracles through which water exits the opercular chamber. Depending on the species, there can be two spiracles on both sides of the body, a single spiracle on the underside near the vent, or a single spiracle on the left side of the body. Metamorphosis of left Anuran tadpoles are usually herbivorous, feeding on soft decaying plant matter.
Rajmahal, the eponymous CD Block headquarters, is located at . The district can be divided into two regions, one of which is the plains, consisting of uplands, undulation along ridges and depressions covers the Sahibganj, Rajmahal, Udhwa and Barharwa CD Blocks. Three rivers flowing through this region – the Ganges, Gumani and Bansloi - make the plains rich and cultivable. The inhabitants of this region are mostly non-tribals of various castes and Paharias and Santals.
Belly dance is a non-impact, weight- bearing exercise and is thus suitable for all ages. Many of the moves involve isolations, which improves flexibility of the torso. Belly dance moves are beneficial to the spine, as the full-body undulation moves lengthen (decompress) and strengthen the entire column of spinal and abdominal muscles in a gentle way. Dancing with a veil can help build strength in the upper body, arm and shoulders.
Barharwa, the eponymous CD Block headquarters, is located at . The district can be divided into two regions, one of which is the plains, consisting of uplands, undulation along ridges and depressions covers the Sahibganj, Rajmahal, Udhwa and Barharwa CD Blocks. Three rivers flowing through this region – the Ganges, Gumani and Bansloi- make the plains rich and cultivable. The inhabitants of this region are mostly non-tribals of various castes and Paharias and Santals.
These fish use a range of terrestrial locomotory modes, such as lateral undulation, tripod- like walking (using paired fins and tail), and jumping. Many of these locomotory modes incorporate multiple combinations of pectoral, pelvic and tail fin movement. Examples include eels, mudskippers and the walking catfish. Flying fish can make powerful, self-propelled leaps out of water into air, where their long, wing-like fins enable gliding flight for considerable distances above the water's surface.
This is an intermediate stage in the evolution of cetacean locomotion, as modern cetaceans swim by caudal oscillation (a way of swimming similar to caudal undulation, but is more energy efficient). Recent studies suggest that ambulocetids were fully aquatic like modern cetaceans, possessing a similar thoracic morphology and being unable to support their weight on land. This suggests that complete abandonment of the land evolved much earlier among cetaceans than previously thought.
A group of swimmers with arms and legs bound in preparation for Georgian-style swimming. Henry Kuprashvili swims Georgian style. Georgian swimming comprises several styles unique to Georgia: “Lazuri” (Free Colchian), “Hands and feet bound Kolkhuri” (Military Colchian), “Apkhazuri” (Abkhazian), “Okribula”, “Iberiuli” (Iberian), “Takhvia” and partly “Khashuruli” and “Kizikuri”. More traditional movements of the extremities are restricted or barred and forward motion is accomplished by dolphin-like undulation of hips and paired feet.
Sahibganj, the eponymous CD Block headquarters, is located at . The district can be divided into two regions, one of which is the plain, consisting of uplands, undulation along ridges and depressions covers the Sahibganj, Rajmahal, Udhwa and Barharwa CD Blocks. Three rivers flowing through this region – the Ganges, Gumani and Bansloi- make the plains rich and cultivable. The inhabitants of this region are mostly non-tribal of various castes and Paharias and Santals.
If the coefficient of x2, c0+2mc1+c2m2, is 0 but the coefficient of x3 is not then the origin is a point of inflection of the curve. If the coefficients of x2 and x3 are both 0 then the origin is called point of undulation of the curve. This analysis can be applied to any point on the curve by translating the coordinate axes so that the origin is at the given point.
Their altitude was about above the ground. The following is Orville Wright's account of the final flight of the day: > Wilbur started the fourth and last flight at just about 12 o'clock. The > first few hundred feet were up and down, as before, but by the time three > hundred ft had been covered, the machine was under much better control. The > course for the next four or five hundred feet had but little undulation.
Some of the important terrain related parameters are the terrain undulation height (A/i), isolated ridge height, average slope of the terrain and the mixed land-sea parameter. Once the terrain related parameters are calculated, the necessary correction factors can be added or subtracted as required. All these correction factors are also available as Okumura curves [0ku68]. In irregular terrain, one frequently encounters non-line-of-sight paths caused by terrain obstacles.
S. bombiviridis are mobile deep sea acrocirrid worms that have 30 bristles made of chitin, or chaetae on each parapodium. They use these bristles to propel through the water by lateral undulation in combination with a power stroke and a recovery stroke. S. bombiviridis only releases a few bioluminescent bombs at once upon mechanical stimulation along its length. Microscopy of the ‘bombs’ reveals that they contain hemolymph filled sacs separated by central chambers.
Each point on the snake's body goes through alternating cycles of static contact and movement, with regions propagating posteriorly (i.e. any point on the snake will change from movement to stasis or vice versa shortly after the change occurs in the point anterior to it). This movement is quite strenuous and slow compared to other methods of locomotion. Energetic studies show that it takes more calories per meter to use concertina locomotion than either sidewinding or lateral undulation.
Since the dorsal, anal and caudal fins are fused there is no need for pelvic fins. Dorsal fin begins mid body creating a long continuous fin where in other species it begins more posterior and is not as prominent in length. Their body movement depends highly on undulation originating near the anterior axial end. Due to the fins being fused we see a highly skilled swimmer amongst the Anguillidae which aids in migration and hunting/predation.
Thalattosaurs are only known from marine deposits, indicating that they were all primarily aquatic reptiles. The retracted nostrils and long, paddle-shaped tail are further evidence for aquatic habits. Thalattosauroids seemingly spent all of their time in the water, with short, wide limbs, poorly developed wrist and ankle bones, and tall vertebrae adapted for swimming via lateral undulation. Even so, they retained strong claws and functional digits which had not transformed into flippers, in contrast to ichthyosaurs and sauropterygians.
Both of these facilities can handle up to 80,000 lbs. and have their own self-contained watering systems. TRC also offers basalt and ceramic tile facilities as well as jennite surfaces. Profile Roads: includes Tire Slap, Unsprung Mass Vibration, Long Curb, Water Drain, Speed Bumps, Road Joint, Undulation Road, Positive & Negative Shocks, Stability Road, Belgian Block Roads, Chip & Seal Roads, Concrete Choppy Road, Concrete Downhill Wavy, Concrete European Union Road and a High Speed Railroad Crossing.
The land is less accessible and not conducive to agriculture, thus many of these densely forested areas have been saved from deforestation and are protected by national, state and other parks. The steep terrain increases the speed and intensity of a firestorm. Where settlements are located in hilly or mountainous areas, bushfires can pose a threat to both life and property. Flat/grassland fires burn along flat plains or areas of small undulation, predominantly covered in grasses or scrubland.
The whole surface is covered by numerous slightly raised, longitudinal lines, which are parallel with the lines of growth and are most conspicuous in the interspaces between the cinguli. The apex, in our single specimen, is badly eroded. The aperture is narrow-ovate, not very large, with a distinct obtuse angle at the base of the columella, which is rather short and nearly straight. The siphonal canal is short and straight, distinguished from the body whorl only by a slight undulation.
However, because the snake is straightening and re-forming bends, it requires the entire space of the tunnel to move, and any obstruction will disrupt locomotion. In the presence of either of these, snakes will switch from concertina to another mode (as both of the above are faster and more economical), though in the case of extreme lateral constraint (tunnel width less than 3x body width), snakes will ignore the contact points that could be used in lateral undulation and perform concertina.
VDs are used in astro-geodetic levelling, a geoid determination technique. As a vertical deflection describes the difference between the geoidal and ellipsoidal normals, it represents the horizontal gradient of the undulations of the geoid (i.e., the separation between geoid and reference ellipsoid). Given a starting value for the geoid undulation at one point, determining geoid undulations for an area becomes a matter for simple integration. In practice, the deflections are observed at special points with spacings of 20 or 50 kilometers.
A flag dancer at a nightclub: circa 2001. Example (2011) The art of flagging dance, often called flag spinning, flag dancing, or rag spinning, but more commonly referred to as flagging, is the undulation, spinning and waving of flags in a rhythmic fashion to music. Practitioners of this form of performance art and dance are usually referred to as "flaggers" and "flag dancers", though until the 1990s this mostly referred to those waving flags to aid transportation professions (flag semaphore).
He proposed that light is an undulation in the same medium that is the cause of electric and magnetic phenomena. (This article accompanied an 8 December 1864 presentation by Maxwell to the Royal Society. His statement that "light and magnetism are affections of the same substance" is at page 499.) The unification of light and electrical phenomena led his prediction of the existence of radio waves. Maxwell is also regarded as a founder of the modern field of electrical engineering.
Classical bass players do play pizzicato parts in orchestra, but these parts generally require simple notes (quarter notes, half notes, whole notes), rather than rapid passages. Double bass is a standard instrument in bluegrass groups. Classical players perform both bowed and pizz notes using vibrato, an effect created by rocking or quivering the left hand finger that is contacting the string, which then transfers an undulation in pitch to the tone. Vibrato is used to add expression to string playing.
Both basilosaurids have skeletons that are immediately recognizable as cetaceans. A basilosaurid was as big as the larger modern whales, with genera like Basilosaurus reaching lengths of up to long; dorudontines were smaller, with genera like Dorudon reaching about long. The large size of basilosaurids is due to the extreme elongation of their lumbar vertebrae. They had a tail fluke, but their body proportions suggest that they swam by caudal undulation and that the fluke was not used for propulsion.
During the rest of April, the laying of the panels continued in order to complete the installation by the end of the month. The tower was completed on 14 September 2012. A characteristic of the tower is the use of laminated glass instead of tempered glass in order to have a façade uniformity and to avoid minor flaws such as the undulation typical of industrial tempered glass. Another peculiarity of the building is the lighting of its top in various colours, e.g.
Because of this, they are slow-moving and rely on their pectoral, dorsal, anal, and caudal fins for propulsion rather than body undulation. However, movement is usually quite precise; dorsal and anal fins aid in manoeuvring and stabilizing. In most species, all fins are simple, small, and rounded, except for the pelvic fins which, if present, are fused and buried. Again, in most members, the gill plates are covered over with skin, the only gill opening a small slit above the pectoral fin.
North American river otters swim by quadrupedal paddling, forelimb paddling, alternate hind-limb paddling, simultaneous hind-limb paddling, or body and tail dorsoventral undulation. The tail, which is stout and larger in surface area than the limbs, is used for stability while swimming and for short bursts of rapid propulsion. While swimming at the surface, the dorsal portion of the North American river otter's head, including nostrils, ears, and eyes, is exposed above water. It must remain in motion to maintain its position at the surface.
The boundary goes due east to meet North Witham parish at the first undulation in the road northwards. former railway cutting Crossing the road, the boundary goes due eastwards to meet the A1, which it then follows due south on the east side of the road. The boundary goes through The Fox, with North Witham parish to the east, to a point just south of the A1 interchange. The A1 was upgraded in early August 1971, through Rutland, to Tickencote (built by Rutland County Council).
The deflections reflect the undulation of the geoid and gravity anomalies, for they depend on the gravity field and its inhomogeneities. VDs are usually determined astronomically. The true zenith is observed astronomically with respect to the stars, and the ellipsoidal zenith (theoretical vertical) by geodetic network computation, which always takes place on a reference ellipsoid. Additionally, the very local variations of the VD can be computed from gravimetric survey data and by means of digital terrain models (DTM), using a theory originally developed by Vening-Meinesz.
Simosaurus has well-developed vertebrae and a dorsoventrally flattened trunk that would have inhibited side- to-side movement. This movement, called lateral undulation, is seen in most other nothosaurs, including Nothosaurus. The humerus has well-developed crests and the underside of the pectoral girdle is large, suggesting that the forelimbs had a powerful downstroke and provided most of the thrust required for swimming. The scapula is relatively small for a reptile that swims with its limbs, indicating that the upstroke of Simosaurus was weak.
Schistura klydonion is a species of stone loach in the genus Schistura which has only been recorded from the Xe Namnoy river on the Bolaven Plateau in southern Laos. It was described by the Belgian ichthyologist Maurice Kottelat in 2017 and does not feature in Fishbase yet. The specific name klydonion means a small wave, ripple or undulation, referring to the wavy flank stripe which lies between the row of blotches or saddles on the back and a row of bars on the lower flank.
Restoration showing side to side undulation Additionally, the pelvic girdle and pelvic fins of Panderichthys represents an intermediate in the fish-tetrapod evolution. During the fish-tetrapod evolution the pelvic girdle became a weight bearing structure when the ilium, meso-ventral contact of the sides of the girdle, an ilium, and a sacral rib developed. The femur and humerus became longer and the radius/ulna and tibia/fibula became more equal in length. In general, the pelvic girdle in Panderichthys is more primitive than the pectoral girdle.
Despite their rather aerial existence, the territorial display of adult martial eagles is considered relatively unspectacular. Their display often consists of nothing more than the adult male or both members of a pair circling and calling over their home range area or perching and calling near nestlings. Compared to other large African booted eagles, this species infrequently “sky-dances” (i.e. undulation and dramatic movements high in the sky), but some are known with presumably the male martial eagle only engaging in shallow undulations.Hustler, K., & Howells, W.W. (1987).
Speed hump made of asphalt A speed hump (also called a road hump, or undulation, and speed ramp) is a rounded traffic calming device used to reduce vehicle speed and thus sound volume on residential streets. Humps are placed across the road to slow traffic and are often installed in a series of several humps to prevent cars from speeding before and after the hump. Common speed hump shapes are parabolic, circular, and sinusoidal. In Norway, speed humps are often placed at pedestrian crossings.
Copeland Creek Fisheries Enhancement Program Commencing in 1999, the project was implemented in four phases, the fourth and final phase of construction having been completed in the autumn of 2003. The project was designed to stabilize banks, decrease creek turbidity, exclude cattle from the creek by fencing, and improve habitat for steelhead and other native fish and wildlife. The outcome yielded a creek with less sediment load and a more natural undulation of channel, where an almost linear creek geometry had existed for the previously modified reach.
Gymnura micrura alter their swimming habits depending on where they are swimming in the water column. They tend to change between an undulation pattern and an oscillation pattern. They use small amplitude undulations of their fins when they are swimming along the bottom, but switch to an oscillatory approach when they are swimming freely in the water. When swimming freely in the water column, they use a quick, powerful downstroke to increase their speed; this means they move their fins down and then quickly back up.
At the bottom of the undulation look over the cliff edge to see a small v-shaped gully descending rapidly to the beach below. The erosion of this chine is by underwater streams which emerge below the cliff top. The water probably comes from a small pond about 150m from the cliff edge near the A3055's Military Road and from the small catchment area to the west of Barnes High. The Isle of Wight Coastal Path runs past the top of the chine.
Hawaiian bobtail squid swimming slowly by undulating its fins Squid can move about in several different ways. Slow movement is achieved by a gentle undulation of the muscular lateral fins on either side of the trunk which drives the animal forward. A more common means of locomotion providing sustained movement is achieved using jetting, during which contraction of the muscular wall of the mantle cavity provides jet propulsion. Slow jetting is used for ordinary locomotion, and ventilation of the gills is achieved at the same time.
P. delaharpeae restoration As one of the earliest cynodonts, Procynosuchus has many primitive features, but it also has features that distinguish it from all other early therapsids. Some of these features have been interpreted as adaptations for a semi-aquatic lifestyle. For example, the wide zygapophyses of the vertebrae allow for a high degree of lateral flexibility, and Procynosuchus may have used anguilliform locomotion, or eel-like undulation, to swim through the water. The tail of Procynosuchus is also unusually long for a cynodont.
Massoff, p.37, 57; Podoleanu, p.304 Steuerman and Șaraga published a second edition in 1896. Cornelia Pillat, "Voluptatea lecturii" , in România Literară, Nr. 35/1999 Between these, Steuerman and his editor worked on translations from the work of philosopher Vasile Conta, putting out the Theory of Universal Undulation in 1894, and the Basic Metaphysics in 1896.Massoff, p.45-46; Podoleanu, p.305 The same collaboration brought the posthumous edition of poems by the socialist Traian Demetrescu, published by Șaraga and prefaced by Steuerman,Cioculescu et al., p.
Like all thalattosaurs, Concavispina was a marine reptile that probably swam by lateral undulation or side-to-side movement of its elongated body. The limbs are too short to have provided much propulsive power. Concavispina was probably not as strong a swimmer as its closest relative Xinpusaurus because it has shorter neural spines with V-shaped notches, which would have reduced the surface area over which the M. semispinalis muscle (the main muscle along the top of the tail in most reptiles) could anchor. The tail is also less tall in Concavispina than in Xinpusaurus.
Ordinary cusps appear when the tangent to the curve is parallel to the direction of projection (that is when the tangent projects on a single point). More complicated singularities occur when several phenomena occurs simultaneously. For example, rhamphoid cusps occur for inflection points (and for undulation points) for which the tangent is parallel to the direction of projection. In many cases, and typically in computer vision and computer graphics, the curve that is projected is the curve of the critical points of the restriction to a (smooth) spatial object of the projection.
It can also be intended (inaccurately) to refer to vibrato, which is a slight undulation in pitch. It is notated by a strong diagonal bar across the note stem, or a detached bar for a set of notes (or stemless notes). Traynor YBA-200 guitar amplifier tube amplifier or valve amplifier : A power amplifier which is based on vacuum tubes. Tube amps produce soft clipping with a natural compression, and they are widely used in electric guitar and electric bass amps, and in Leslie-type amplifiers that are used to amplify Hammond organs.
From there, the highway is a broad, divided, four-lane highway with a median and ample shoulders, until it ends in San Felipe. The new highway improvement segments being constructed from San Felipe to the north and Mexicali to the south are on a raised base so that roadway dips caused by the natural undulation of the landscape, a form of drainage, are replaced by drainage culverts covered by the highway. Vehicles no longer have to ford storm water passing over the roadway. The resulting highway is less susceptible to erosion.
Rectilinear motion in a puff adder Rectilinear locomotion or rectilinear progression is a mode of locomotion most often associated with snakes. In particular, it is associated with heavy-bodied species such as terrestrial pythons and boas; however, most snakes are capable of it. It is one of at least five forms of locomotion used by snakes, the others being lateral undulation, sidewinding, concertina movement, and slide-pushing. Unlike all other modes of snake locomotion, which include the snake bending its body, the snake flexes its body only when turning in rectilinear locomotion.
In older theory texts this form is sometimes referred to as a "trill-tremolo" (see trill). :# A rapid, repeated alteration of volume (as on an electronic instrument); :# vibrato: an inaccurate usage, since vibrato is actually a slight undulation in a sustained pitch, rather than a repetition of the pitch, or variation in volume (see vibrato). ; tresillo (Sp.): A duple-pulse rhythmic cell in Cuban and other Latin American music ; trill : A rapid, usually unmeasured alternation between two harmonically adjacent notes (e.g. an interval of a semitone or a whole tone).
Flying fish combine swimming movements with the ability to glide in air using their long pectoral fins. A typical teleost fish has a streamlined body for rapid swimming, and locomotion is generally provided by a lateral undulation of the hindmost part of the trunk and the tail, propelling the fish through the water. There are many exceptions to this method of locomotion, especially where speed is not the main objective; among rocks and on coral reefs, slow swimming with great manoeuvrability may be a desirable attribute. Eels locomote by wiggling their entire bodies.
Lily was maintained for nine-months with little deterioration, but Clover did not stand up as well. Lily was designed to be assembled from a merchant ship and it was clear that the structure could not be sunk by bombing, with damaged sections replaced as required. Landing technique was similar to an aircraft carrier, once the undulation was taken into account, with an arrester gear fitted similar to that used on Light Fleet Carriers. The floating airstrips were seen as a back-up for escort carriers and would have operated 48 Supermarine Spitfires.
The peak of the adult flight period of brown Arctics has been observed to be June to July, but ranging from late May to late August. Males rarely take flight spontaneously, only showing activity due to approach of another organism. Males are more likely to display circling flight patterns and prefer to return to the perch site, rarely abandoning their perch to escape into vegetation when disturbed. Females tend to have straighter flight paths with less undulation than males, with a slower wing-beat, only becoming more unpredictable when attempting escape.
Polybot G3 Modular self-reconfigurable robot ;PolyBot G3 (2002) A chain self- reconfiguration system. Each module is about 50 mm on a side, and has 1 rotational DOF. It is part of the PolyBot modular robot family that has demonstrated many modes of locomotion including walking: biped, 14 legged, slinky-like, snake-like: concertina in a gopher hole, inchworm gaits, rectilinear undulation and sidewinding gaits, rolling like a tread at up to 1.4 m/s, riding a tricycle, climbing: stairs, poles pipes, ramps etc. More information can be found at the polybot webpage at PARC.
Crawling prints of a snake Lateral undulation is the sole mode of aquatic locomotion, and the most common mode of terrestrial locomotion. In this mode, the body of the snake alternately flexes to the left and right, resulting in a series of rearward-moving "waves". While this movement appears rapid, snakes have rarely been documented moving faster than two body-lengths per second, often much less. This mode of movement has the same net cost of transport (calories burned per meter moved) as running in lizards of the same mass.
An example of an undulation point is for the function given by . In the preceding assertions, it is assumed that has some higher-order non-zero derivative at , which is not necessarily the case. If it is the case, the condition that the first nonzero derivative has an odd order implies that the sign of is the same on either side of in a neighborhood of . If this sign is positive, the point is a rising point of inflection; if it is negative, the point is a falling point of inflection.
The border starts in the west at Beninese tripoint in the Niger river, then proceeds overland in a northwards direction, before turning eastwards in a broad arc. The border then proceeds eastwards in a broadly eastwards direction, though with considerable undulation, before reaching the Komadougou Yobe river; the boundary then follows this river eastwards to the tripoint with Chad in Lake Chad. The border cuts through the densely-populated cultural region known as Hausaland, with Hausa speakers forming the majority on both sides of the frontier.William F. S. Miles.
For he said that there are three states > affecting our temperament: one, in which we feel pain, like a storm at sea; > another, in which we feel pleasure, that may be likened to a gentle > undulation, for pleasure is a gentle movement, comparable to a favourable > breeze; and the third is an intermediate state, in which we feel neither > pain nor pleasure, which is similar to a calm. So of these feelings only, he > said, we have the sensation.Eusebius of Caesarea, Praeparatio Evangelica, > xiv . 18 There are indications that he was conflated with his grandfather.
However, differences between terrestrial and aquatic locomotor strategy suggest that the axial musculature is being activated differently, (see muscle activation patterns below). In terrestrial locomotion, all points along the body move on approximately the same path and, therefore, the lateral displacements along the length of the eel's body is approximately the same. However, in aquatic locomotion, different points along the body follow different paths with increasing lateral amplitude more posteriorly. In general, the amplitude of the lateral undulation and angle of intervertebral flexion is much greater during terrestrial locomotion than that of aquatic.
Once it decides on a destination, it propels itself by thrusting its body up and away from the tree, sucking in its abdomen and flaring out its ribs to turn its body into a "pseudo concave wing", all the while making a continual serpentine motion of lateral undulation parallel to the ground to stabilise its direction in midair in order to land safely. The combination of forming a C-shape, flattening its abdomen and making a motion of lateral undulation in the air makes it possible for the snake to glide in the air, where it also manages to save energy compared to travel on the ground and dodge earth-bound predators. The concave wing that the snake creates in flattening itself, flattens its body to up to twice its width from the back of the head to the anal vent, which is close to the end of the snake's tail, causes the cross section of the snake's body to resemble the cross section of a frisbee or flying disc. When a flying disc spins in the air, the designed cross sectional concavity causes increased air pressure under the centre of the disc, causing lift for the disc to fly.
Combination studies on geophysics and geochemistry suggested that average crustal thickness could be down to 50 ± 12 km. Measurement of gravity field by different orbiters allows higher-resolution global Bouguer potential model to be produced. With local shallow density anomalies and effect of core flattening eliminated, the residual Bouguer potential is produced, as indicated by the following equation, U_{RB}=U_B- U_{core}-U_{local} 300x300px The residual Bouguer potential is contributed by the mantle. The undulation of the crust-mantle boundary, or the Moho surface, with mass of terrain corrected, should have resulted in varying residual anomaly.
The geoid, unlike the ellipsoid, is irregular and too complicated to serve as the computational surface on which to solve geometrical problems like point positioning. The geometrical separation between it and the reference ellipsoid is called the geoidal undulation, or more usually the geoid-ellipsoid separation, N. It varies globally between . A reference ellipsoid, customarily chosen to be the same size (volume) as the geoid, is described by its semi- major axis (equatorial radius) a and flattening f. The quantity f = (a−b)/a, where b is the semi-minor axis (polar radius), is a purely geometrical one.
S. Hirose, P. Cave, and C. Goulden, Biologically inspired robots: snake- like locomotors and manipulators, vol. 64. Oxford University Press Oxford, UK, 1993 These robots can be categorized as robots with passive or active wheels, robots with active treads, and undulating robots using vertical waves or linear expansions. Most snake-like robots use wheels, which are high in friction when moving side to side but low in friction when rolling forward (and can be prevented from rolling backward). The majority of snake-like robots use either lateral undulation or rectilinear locomotion and have difficulty climbing vertically.
Levan Kursua 1887-1969 depicted in Ergeta Henry Kuprashvili - 2002. Born. 1946 The Georgian style of swimming comprises several styles unique to Georgia: “Lazuri” (Free Colchian), “Hands and feet bound Colchian” (Military Colchian), “Apkhazuri” (Abkhazian), “Okribula”, “Iberiuli” (Iberian), “Takhvia” and partly “Khashuruli” and “Kizikuri”. More traditional movements of the extremities are restricted or barred and forward motion is accomplished by dolphin-like undulation of hips and paired feet. These styles emulate the motions of mammals such as the seal, dolphin, sea lion, whale, and beaver, which have evolved adaptations to water that enable them to attain an optimal swimming ability.
It was mistakenly reported that Anguillidae lack a scapular bone after further research and more advanced staining techniques they have a scapula and coracoid which make up their pectoral girdle. The prescience of a scapula is important in muscle attachment and allows for the upper head to move in various directions as well as increase strength of body undulation increasing swimming capabilities. Scapula presence also allows for stronger movements of pictorial fins which aid in movement across terrestrial obstacles. Understanding the complete anatomy really plays a role in the direction of studies for this specific family of which we know very little about.
Thalattosaurs have moderate adaptations to marine lifestyles, including long, paddle-like tails and slender bodies with more than 20 dorsal vertebrae. There are few unique traits of the postcranial skeleton shared by all thalattosaurs, but the skeleton is still useful for distinguishing between askeptosauroids and thalattosauroids. Askeptosauroids are characterized by elongated necks with short neural spines and at least 11 vertebrae, while thalattosauroids have shorter necks sometimes involving as few as four vertebrae. Thalattosauroids also have tall neural spines on their neck, back, and especially the tail vertebrae, increasing the surface area for swimming via lateral undulation.
Terrestrial lateral undulation is the most common mode of terrestrial locomotion for most snake species. In this mode, the posteriorly moving waves push against contact points in the environment, such as rocks, twigs, irregularities in the soil, etc. Each of these environmental objects, in turn, generates a reaction force directed forward and towards the midline of the snake, resulting in forward thrust while the lateral components cancel out. The speed of this movement depends upon the density of push-points in the environment, with a medium density of about 8 along the snake's length being ideal.
Seeds of I. reichenbachii are described to be similar to those of I. orjenii. Shape and undulation of falls and standards are much more similar to I. reichenbachii, whereas no white flowered individuals from wild population of this species have been reported. White flowering plants of I. pallida from the region of Dubrovnik and white flowering individuals have been spotted occasionally in bigger populations in southern Dalmatia. A hybrid origin of I. orjenii might be suspected, the more as it is found exactly at the height where areals of I. pseudopallida and I. reichenbachii potentially overlap.
An equilibrium tidal bulge does not really exist on Earth because the continents do not allow this mathematical solution to take place. Oceanic tides actually rotate around the ocean basins as vast gyres around several amphidromic points where no tide exists. The Moon pulls on each individual undulation as Earth rotates—some undulations are ahead of the Moon, others are behind it, whereas still others are on either side. The "bulges" that actually do exist for the Moon to pull on (and which pull on the Moon) are the net result of integrating the actual undulations over all the world's oceans.
Barnes Chine Barnes Chine is a geological feature on the south west coast of the Isle of Wight, England. The chine lies just to the west of a small rise called Barnes High and south west of the hamlet of Yafford. It is a small sandy coastal ravine, one of a number of such chines on the island created by erosion of the cliff edge made of soft Cretaceous rock. This chine is difficult to identify as there is no obvious stream valley leading to the cliff edge, just a slight undulation of the gently sloping agricultural land.
The function of these specialised telsons has historically been controversial and disputed. Erik N. Kjellesvig-Waering compared the pterygotid telson to the large tail fluke of whales in 1964. The pterygotids were hypothesized to have moved by undulating the entire opisthosoma (the large posterior section of the body) by moving the abdominal plates, as such undulations of the opisthosoma and telson would have acted as the propulsive method of the animal, rendering the swimming legs used by other eurypterid groups useless. What is known of eurypterid anatomy contradicts the undulation hypothesis simply because eurypterid bodies were likely very stiff.
Yoseikan Budo has gone through decades of changes, modernization and improvement. Minoru Sensei never wanted to "freeze" budo in an academic form and pursued a search for constant evolution and improvement, well represented by his own words, "Never teach only what you have been taught". Master Hiroo improved on his father's system by adding a common link to all of the martial arts Yoseikan Budo uses. This is the "vibration" or "undulation" produced by the tanden—and called qi by the Chinese—that are used in every technique (atemis, throws, locks, weapons, etc.) while allowing the user to increase his power tremendously while remaining very lithe and supple in all situations.
The genus name Undulopsychopsis was coined by the researchers as a combination of the silky lacewing type genus Psychopsis and the Late Latin word undula meaning "small wave" which is in reference to the distinctly wavy nature of the wing margins. The specific epithet alexi is in honor of the distinguished Russian paleoentomologist Alexandr Pavlovich Rasnitsyn. The most distinct feature of Undulopsychopsis is the unique undulation of the wing margins, a feature not seen in any other Psychopsidae genus. The branching vein structure seen in Undulopsychopsis is most similar to the Early through Late Cretaceous genus Kagapsychops which has been found in Kazakhstan and Japan.
Eels in the family Anguillidae are known to be primarily solitary in nature; they are not known to communicate socially or actively school, however large masses of elvers can be found as a result of synchronicity in response to environmental conditions. These eels are known as generalists and opportunistic feeders; most will consume whatever acceptable prey they happen upon, including things like crustaceans, fishes, and other aquatic fauna. Aside from their reduced pectoral fins, eels lack of paired appendages: use axial-based lateral undulation as means of locomotion, similar to snakes. High maneuverability of trunk is adaptation for hunting in structurally-complex habitats such as reefs.
In the theory of plume tectonics followed by numerous researchers during the 1990s, a modified concept of mantle convection currents is used. It asserts that super plumes rise from the deeper mantle and are the drivers or substitutes of the major convection cells. These ideas find their roots in the early 1930s in the works of Beloussov and van Bemmelen, which were initially opposed to plate tectonics and placed the mechanism in a fixistic frame of verticalistic movements. Van Bemmelen later on modulated on the concept in his "Undulation Models" and used it as the driving force for horizontal movements, invoking gravitational forces away from the regional crustal doming.
The wave speed is precisely the same as the snake speed, and as a result, every point on the snake's body follows the path of the point ahead of it, allowing snakes to move through very dense vegetation and small openings. When swimming, the waves become larger as they move down the snake's body, and the wave travels backwards faster than the snake moves forwards. Thrust is generated by pushing their body against the water, resulting in the observed slip. In spite of overall similarities, studies show that the pattern of muscle activation is different in aquatic versus terrestrial lateral undulation, which justifies calling them separate modes.
Roux's career is based above all on the work of a fundamentalist researcher who has long been centred around the physico- chemistry of condensed matter. His most significant works correspond to studies at equilibrium and out of equilibrium of the behaviour of partially organized phases (liquid crystals, colloids, surfactants in solution...). On the one hand, they were based on both an experimental and theoretical modelling approach to describe and understand the behaviour of very flexible surfaces subjected to thermal fluctuations (fluctuating surfaces). This has made it possible to obtain a universal vision of the behaviour of these surfaces by highlighting in particular the existence of undulation interactions between membranesC.
This iteration is the first in the series to have undulation in the stages, such as a staircase in the Great Wall stage, a stage set on top of a sloping roof and a raft constructed of individually moving elements on a bobbing water surface. A fourth button, the Dodge, was added (the series had previously used only three - Kick, Punch and Guard). Pressing the button with the joystick in neutral or held up makes the character move into the screen (i.e. away from the viewer), while pressing the button with the joystick held down makes the character move out of the screen (i.e.
Puligny- Montrachet village wine The "Scabby Hill" ("Mont Rachaz"), not much more than an undulation between Puligny and Chassagne, is one of the most famous vineyard sites in the world. Wines from the Chassagne side are called "Le Montrachet" and from the Puligny side simply "Montrachet" - there are 4 hectares of each. Above Montrachet proper is the 7.59ha of Chevalier Montrachet (all in Puligny), at the bottom of the slope lies Bâtard Montrachet (6.02ha in Puligny). The names of these two Grand Crus supposedly reflect the division of the estate of the Seigneur de Montrachet between his two sons, one of whom had been a knight in the Crusades, the other was illegitimate.
Across Bình Dương there are many different topographic regions, including low mountainous terrain with slight undulation, flat plains and alluvial valleys. There are some low mountains, including Châu Thới in Dĩ An and Cậu mountain (also called Lấp Vò) in Dầu Tiếng district and some low hills. Natural effects have created many different types of landform including worn areas, accumulative areas (due to the deposition of corrosive materials in the flow) and some areas that are worn, accumulative and depositional at the same time. This is due to rainfall and the flow affecting the ground, with the effects of wind, temperature, climate, the erosion and collapse due to gravity of the geology.
Constantin Noica became during this time, after his release from prison, a continental metaphysician of European dimensions, arguably one of the greatest of the late 20th century. His first book published after detention was 27 Steps of the Real in which he unifies three categorial systems, those of Plato, Aristotle, and Kant. Under a Hegelian, but maybe also influenced by Nicolai Hartmann, he thought that reality, divided in three realms, inorganic, organic and spiritual, is characterised by three distinct sets of categories. At the peak of this categorial ladder he put a new category, which reflects the impact that physics had on his thought: the undulation, or the wave, which became thus the supreme category.
Pacific leaping blenny (Alticus arnoldorum) hopping Most commonly, walking fish are amphibious fish. Able to spend longer times out of water, these fish may use a number of means of locomotion, including springing, snake-like lateral undulation, and tripod-like walking. The mudskippers are probably the best land-adapted of contemporary fish and are able to spend days moving about out of water and can even climb mangroves, although to only modest heights. The climbing gourami is often specifically referred to as a "walking fish", although it does not actually "walk", but rather moves in a jerky way by supporting itself on the extended edges of its gill plates and pushing itself by its fins and tail.
A third model is the geoid, a more complex and accurate representation of Earth's shape coincident with what mean sea level would be if there were no winds, tides, or land. Compared to the best fitting ellipsoid, a geoidal model would change the characterization of important properties such as distance, conformality and equivalence. Therefore, in geoidal projections that preserve such properties, the mapped graticule would deviate from a mapped ellipsoid's graticule. Normally the geoid is not used as an Earth model for projections, however, because Earth's shape is very regular, with the undulation of the geoid amounting to less than 100 m from the ellipsoidal model out of the 6.3 million m Earth radius.
The hindlimb structure of Ambulocetids shows that their ability to engage in terrestrial locomotion was significantly limited compared to that of contemporary terrestrial mammals, and likely did not come to land at all. The skeletal structures of the knee and ankle indicates that the motion of the hindlimbs was restricted into one plane. This suggests that, on land, propulsion of the hindlimbs was powered by the extension of dorsal muscles. They probably swam by pelvic paddling (a way of swimming which mainly utilizes their hind limbs to generate propulsion in water) and caudal undulation (a way of swimming which uses the undulations of the vertebral column to generate force for movements), as otters, seals and modern cetaceans do.
Although the movie was a financial success, the Mothra props were criticized by several authors, who noted that the adult Mothra's brighter colors made it look like a "plush toy" and that its wings flapped less gracefully than in previous incarnations, as they were made of heavy cloth. The Mothra puppet's immobile chicken-like feet and the lack of undulation in the larva prop's movements were also commented on as being inferior to the effects seen in 1960s Mothra movies. Criticism was also leveled at Mothra's altered origin story, which portrayed her as an extraterrestrial, thus dampening the character's motivation for protecting Earth. The character's newfound popularity nevertheless prompted Toho to produce Rebirth of Mothra in 1996.
Animals with elongated bodies and reduced or no legs have evolved differently from their limbed relatives. In the past, some have speculated that this evolution was due to a lower energetic cost associated with limbless locomotion. The biomechanical arguments used to support this rationale include that (1) there is no cost associatied with the vertical displacement of the center of mass typically found with limbed animals, (2) there is no cost associated with accelerating or decelerating limbs, and (3) there is a lower cost for supporting the body. This hypothesis has been studied further by examining the oxygen consumption rates in the snake during different modes of locomotion: lateral undulation, concertina, and sidewinding.
Characteristics of E. Delfi skulls include an elongated and platyrostral skull, posterolateral depressions on the alveolar maxillary process, minimal lateral undulation of the tooth row (maxillary), broadened nasals located anteriorly to the prefrontals, a lack of contact between the nasals and external nares, a flattened and broad innerfenestral bar with rims that are raised along the supratemporal fenestra, and a nasopharyngeal septum formed by the anterior divergence of the vomeral processes. The lacrimal bone is rectangular and in dorsal view has an anteroposterior length that is two times its width. The lacrimal is contacted by the prefrontal laterally along its length, which separates the prefrontal from the nasal. A large postorbital bar with a triangular cross-section creates a separation between the orbit and the infratemporal fenestra.
Although it bore all the marks of Ashton's familiarly gentle, classically oriented manner, it discarded the classical ballet conventions that appear in such Ashton successes as Cinderella and Sylvia. What he was trying to suggest, says Ashton, was "the ebb and flow of the sea: I aimed at an unbroken continuity of dance, which would remove the distinction between aria and recitative." As a result, Ondine offered few pyrotechnics, gained its effects instead through sinuous mass movements in which the undulation of arm and body suggested forests of sea plants stirring to unseen tides. The sense of submarine fantasy was reinforced by Stage Designer Lila de Nobili's fine scenery: a castle of mist and fruitfulness, shadowy crags and waterfalls, aqueous skies streaked pink and green.
To compensate for cars being driven over its bumpy surface, teams employed a computer programme fed into a chassis to reconstruct every movement under undulation. Under a Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA; Formula One's governing body) regulation mandating Formula One's two tyre suppliers Bridgestone and Michelin to bring a single wet-weather tyre compound to each race to lower operating costs: Michelin brought the full wets and Bridgestone the intermediates. After winning the Malaysian Grand Prix two weeks earlier, McLaren driver Kimi Räikkönen led the World Drivers' Championship with 16 points, six ahead of his teammate David Coulthard in second. Juan Pablo Montoya of Williams, Ferrari driver Rubens Barrichello and Fernando Alonso for Renault tied for third with eight points each.
They utilize similar resources to those of other upper trophic-level marine predators, such as seabirds, marine mammals, and sharks. The flattened body shape, ventral eyes and well developed spiracles of the skate allows them to live benthically, buried in the sediment or using a longitudinal undulation of the pectoral fins known as Rajiform locomotion to glide along the water floor. Current research suggests that some species of skates, in addition to their Rajiform locomotion, use their pelvic fins to perform ambulatory locomotion. This form of locomotion performed by the skate is being explored as a possible origin for our own development of walking by looking for similar neural pathways used for movement between skates and animals walking on land.
Initially, Brunel had the track tied down to timber piles to prevent lateral movement and bounce, but he had overlooked the fact that the made ground, on which his track was supported between piles, would settle. The piles remained stable and the ground between them settled so that his track soon had an unpleasant undulation, and he had to have the piles severed, so that the track could settle more or less uniformly. A variant of the baulk road can still be seen today on many older under-bridges where no ballast was provided. The design varies considerably, but in many cases longitudinal timbers are supported directly on the cross-girders, with transoms and tiebars to retain the gauge, but of course with modern rails and base-plates or chairs.
After thrusting its body up and away from the tree, it sucks in its abdomen and flaring out its ribs to turn its body into a "pseudo concave wing", all the while making a continual serpentine motion of lateral undulation parallel to the ground to stabilise its direction in mid-air in order to land safely. Flying snakes are able to glide better than flying squirrels and other gliding animals, despite the lack of limbs, wings, or any other wing-like projections, gliding through the forest and jungle it inhabits with the distance being as great as 100 m. Their destination is mostly predicted by ballistics; however, they can exercise some in-flight attitude control by "slithering" in the air. Gliding flight has evolved independently among 3,400 species of frogsEmerson, S.B., & Koehl, M.A.R. (1990).
The first movement opens quietly with strings and clarinet playing a two-bar staccato theme which, Prokofiev biographer Daniel Jaffé suggests, "sounds almost like a ground bass passacaglia theme, that musical symbol of implacable fate".Jaffé, Danacord note The piano takes over, constructing over a left hand accompaniment of breathing undulation a G minor narrante theme which, in the words of Soviet biographer Israel Nestyev, "suggests a quiet, serious tale in the vein of a romantic legend".Nestyev (1960), p.73 This opening theme contains a second idea,Noted by Robert Matthew-Walker, Hyperion note a rising scalic theme; as Robert Layton observes, when it is later taken up by unison strings as "a broad singing melody, one feels that the example of Rachmaninov has not gone altogether unheeded".
The net cost of transport (NCT), which indicates the amount of energy required to move a unit of mass a given distance, for a snake moving with a lateral undulatory gait is identical to that of a limbed lizard with the same mass. However, a snake utilizing concertina locomotion produces a much higher net cost of transport, while sidewinding actually produces a lower net cost of transport. Therefore, the different modes of locomotion are of primary importance when determining energetic cost. The reason that lateral undulation has the same energetic efficiency as limbed animals and not less, as hypothesized earlier, might be due to the additional biomechanical cost associated with this type of movement due to the force needed to bend the body laterally, push its sides against a vertical surface, and overcome sliding friction.
Great Rigg is mostly without merit, being just an undulation on one of Fairfield’s southern ridges; with 31 metres of prominence it just qualifies as a Hewitt. It is best seen from the south-west near Grasmere where from that angle its summit seems to dominate the valley. The fell is rocky on its eastern side as Stone Cove drops to Rydal Beck; on its western flank it is mostly grassy as it falls away to Tongue Gill; to the north and south are ridges which continue to other fells, with Fairfield being 1.5 kilometres (0.9 miles) away to the north while Heron Pike lies 2.5 kilometres (1.6 miles) to the south. There is a third less-significant ridge going south-west towards Grasmere which has the ‘Wainwright’ fell of Stone Arthur on its shoulder overlooking Grasmere.
The stadium meets all requirements of UEFA and will be a part of an ensemble with a brand new multi-sport hall, an athletic stadium, a velodrome and different multi sports areas. The stadium and the Sports Park are located on a 40 hectare spot 8 km in the north of the city center, projected by the authorities as a sports and recreation area and surrounded by a new residential area that is still under construction. The design of the new stadium is a tribute to the Konya region, its history, its traditions and its locals. It portrays an allegory of the dance of the whirling dervishes and also Konya’s reputation as a “Cycling City”. While the undulation of the round shaped tribunes are transforming the dance of the dervishes into a new dimension, the roof is designed as a “Spoke Wheel”.
He won a Raymond Horton- Smith Prize for his MD degree thesis in his later life (submitted in 1960) on estimating the increase in heart weight by quantifying the examination of the arteries. By use of his “undulation index” Barrett took full account of the degree of post-mortem contraction of arteries, a factor which had vitiated so many previous investigations. Barrett’s solution of this problem was a notable advance in angiology, and helped in transferring histological observations from the art of opinion and impression into the exact science of quantitative measurement. He worked in the wards and laboratories of the London Hospital from 1934 to 1938 and was University Demonstrator in Cambridge from 1938 to 1946, the only one in the Department of Pathology during the war years, having a large part of the teaching responsibility.
Ankylorhiza's humerus (upper arm bone) had an enlarged head and flattened attachment sites for the ulna and radius (lower arm bones), as well as a shaft that was short relative to those of basilosaurids, but still longer than in extant toothed whales. In comparison to modern toothed whales, the hands and fingers were much longer. In the spinal column, the vertebrae (backbones) at the base of the tail formed a more rigid structure than in earlier cetaceans, while the lumbar region–consisting of vertebrae between the rib cage and pelvis—was very flexible. The height and width of the vertebral centra (bodies of the vertebrae) increase in height from the back of the chest to the basal part of the tail, with the second caudal (tail) vertebra being the tallest and broadest, indicating this region of the body experienced the most undulation when the animal was swimming.
The parochial Church of Santa Clara situated a short distance from where its predecessor once stood The gravestones in the Hebrew Cemetery of Ponta Delgada, resting place of the small community beginning in 1834 When Vila Franca do Campo was the principal centre of São Miguel, the area known as Ponta Delgada was the beginning of a vast hunting area populated by numerous "wild" mountain pigs. At the edge of this region, was the homestead of Francisco Ramalho, and was considered a starting point for huntsmen from Vila Franca. This embryonic site became the foundation of the village of Santa Clara; it was an important reference in the southwest part of the island, a determinant factor in the location and orography of the locality, combined with a cove and stone beach that later became known as "Ponta Delgada". The long, narrow basalt promontory, helped to protect the area from the undulation of Atlantic swells known as the Cunhal da Maré.
The Forces of the Business Cycle, 1922 Rorty was inspired by the early work Wesley Clair Mitchell had published on business cycles, and in the 1920s became involved in specifying the processes involved in business cycles. The introduction to a 1921 interview with Rorty on this subject characterized the state of the art by then as follows: > Economic subjects subjects have become such a matter of popular interest > that even the “man on the street” knows in a general way that business moves > in cycles. He knows that when statisticians make a map or rather present a > picture 0f business variations covering a period of years the portrait is a > snaky curve that undulates up and down across an imaginary normal line, with > peaks representing “prosperity” and valleys representing “hard times.“ The > typical cycle, or one undulation of the snake, is shown in the accompanying > diagram, which is the work of one of Colonel Rorty’s associates.
Scaled to the size of Earth, this is equivalent to a maximum deviation from sea level of only 2.4m. The roundness of that ACPO sphere is exceeded only by two of the four fused-quartz gyroscope rotors flown on Gravity ProbeB, which were manufactured in the late 1990s and given their final figure at the W.W. Hansen Experimental Physics Lab at Stanford University. Particularly, "Gyro 4" is recorded in the Guinness database of world records (their database, not in their book) as the world's roundest man- made object. According to a published report (221kB PDF, here ) and the GPB public affairs coordinator at Stanford University, of the four gyroscopes onboard the probe, Gyro4 has a maximum surface undulation from a perfect sphere of 3.4±0.4nm on the 38.1mm diameter sphere, which is a Scaled to the size of Earth, this is equivalent to an deviation the size of North America rising slowly up out of the sea (in molecular-layer terraces 11.9cm high), reaching a maximum elevation of 1.14±0.13m in Nebraska, and then gradually sloping back down to sea level on the other side of the continent.

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