Alltrack tackled it like a champ, and the undercarriage never scraped.
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Do you know how dirty the undercarriage of a cheap gym treadmill is?
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Another man found hiding in the undercarriage was taken to a hospital with injuries.
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At one show, a judge's arm slipped under Blu's undercarriage and never came out.
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For enhanced off-road capability, the Raptor comes equipped with undercarriage-protecting skid plates ...
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Two nuclear depth bombs on the undercarriage could deliver the goods, if called for.
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The body was traced to the undercarriage of KQ flight 100 that departed from JKIA.
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The idea that putting coffee in your sensitive undercarriage has health benefits is unmitigated faffery.
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The European Space Agency (ESA) has just released this unusual shot of a spacecraft's undercarriage.
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It was a snubnose, the color of the weather, no weaponry visible in its undercarriage.
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Its undercarriage was strengthened, in case would-be assassins planted bombs on the rail track.
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A mouse comes out from the undercarriage of the VW and she watches it wander about.
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Owls have these super fluffy feathers on their, uh, undercarriage that help them stay deadly silent.
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After work on the undercarriage was complete, he primed the chassis with three coats of paint.
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A second stowaway survived the 10-hour flight and was found in the undercarriage of the plane.
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It grazes the underside of his bat, and takes a little hop-bounce into Mr. Ump's undercarriage.
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Now, UCSF researchers have published a study looking into the undercarriage maintenance of both men and women. Equality!
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The TJ also boasts a tough undercarriage and large diameter tires, along with short front and rear overhangs.
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Here we have footage of the famous undercarriage technique, first mastered by American troops during Operation Desert Storm.
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A guy across from me is holding a Boosted electric skateboard straight up with the undercarriage facing out.
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Benedict's popemobile featured armour-plated side panels and undercarriage and a built-in oxygen supply to the cabin.
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Men's and women's locker rooms feature posters highlighting all the regions you must lather assiduously: head, armpits, undercarriage, feet.
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It was so vivid that I could see the axles and exhaust in its undercarriage as it ran over me.
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Other upgrades include a skid plate up front to protect the Gladiator Mojave's undercarriage from nasty rocks and the like ...
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She began researching Truck Nutz to better understand the, "curious impulse" to hang testicles from the undercarriage of a car.
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In 2014 Tesla had to reinforce the undercarriage plates of its battery, after a car caught fire out on the road.
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Voestalpine materials and special forgings are already used in undercarriage, wing, and engine parts in Airbus, Boeing, Embraer and Bombardier models.
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These use separate gearboxes to raise the axles out of the undercarriage, freeing up space between the vehicle and the dirt.
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The unidentified man fell from the undercarriage of Kenya Airways flight KQ 100 as it flew over South London around 3:40 p.m.
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In 2012, authorities found a man's body in the undercarriage of a plane following a flight from Cape Town, South Africa, to Heathrow.
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I sat on the toilet potty box, with a towel over my waist, and the steam just sort of accumulated around my undercarriage.
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This hybrid cup is not only a receptacle but also allows you to crack open your cold one with its bottle-opener undercarriage.
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When Van Ness got there, Berk flew out of from the undercarriage on a mechanic's dolly and grabbed his costar by the ankles.
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As police followed the car they noticed smoke coming from the undercarriage of the car before it bursted into flames, The Greenville News reports.
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According to WWBT, the driver didn't realize a feline was stuck in the undercarriage of the car until she completed a 45-mile trip.
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The pod's lightness is in part due to the undercarriage, which integrated a levitation system, stabilization system, and safety system into just one part.
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Armor plating protected the body sides and undercarriage while a further panel at the rear could be raised or lowered depending upon threat level.
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The reception committee was needed because the craft, which weighs less than 75kg, lacks an undercarriage—or, indeed, anything else that would add unnecessary weight.
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The one-size-fits-all tuxedo — complete with bow tie and satin rose — includes a band that slips behind the "male undercarriage," whatever that means.
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Though she was freezing and scared, officers believe the kitten had successfully clung to the SUV's undercarriage for the duration of the 18-mile trip.
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The van was sturdy and full of personality; it had a rusty undercarriage and was wired with an external P.A. system that made animal sounds.
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"She was caught and beaten between the railroad tracks and the undercarriage of the vehicle," Katie's father, Jerry Wenszell, told CNN affiliate WITI in Milwaukee.
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Although I was surprised, at first glance, by the single, rather feeble looking side brush vs the firm pair the Rowenta had fixed to its undercarriage.
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Big automakers are increasingly interested in powertrain platforms — the undercarriage of a car or van — that can accommodate a bunch of different vehicle bodies on top.
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When they neared a PRT station, drivers could pull onto a ramp and feel the car lock into a guideway, using a tongue on its undercarriage.
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Feel free to scream "Get orf me barra" and enjoy people's surprise and joy to the point fluid could leak from your eyes, nose, and undercarriage.
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Many stowaways die during flights due to freezing temperatures and lack of oxygen in the undercarriage of the aircrafts flying at high altitudes, according to CBS News.
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You know how Mistress loves her apples, Dagworth Maestro needs grooming, and Willie West has the shits, so be sure to give his undercarriage some extra care.
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The local fire department shared video of the rescue, which shows that the victim, an adult male, had to be pulled from the undercarriage of the vehicle.
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A ballistic liner protects the battery pack so drivers can take the vehicle into rugged terrain without worrying that rocks and other objects could penetrate the undercarriage.
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Emilie Stewart, 60, resigned herself to buying yet another quart of Salt-Away, usually used on boats and Jet Skis, to rinse the undercarriage of her Jeep.
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The Abuja airport runway had deteriorated to such an extent that some major international airlines had refused to fly there, and some aircraft reported damage to their undercarriage.
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He reportedly started out lubricating the undercarriage of railcars for $1.50 an hour and worked his way up at Burlington Northern before leaving to work for Illinois Central.
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After NBA Finals Game 4, when LeBron knocked down and stepped over Green, Green went for a swing for the man's undercarriage, and it didn't look so unintentional.
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The predator, hoping to nibble on two kids trapped inside the car, flips one Jeep upside down and proceeds to bite into the vehicle's undercarriage, puncturing a tire.
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He wanted me to see Boscha, which was up on a lift in the back of the shop, its undercarriage exposed, suffering from as yet undiagnosed engine trouble.
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In the undercarriage of the Megaformer, there are a number of springs that control the amount of resistance used, and can be adjusted throughout a workout depending on the exercise.
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Its undercarriage is a gaping maw full of what are essentially weed whackers—spinning, flexibly plastic spokes that smack the berries free without causing too much damage to the plant.
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Pictures from the scene posted to social media show the school bus tipped on its side with its front end and undercarriage torn to pieces and scattered along the highway.
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The crash left the bus lying on its side on the guardrail of Interstate 80 in Mount Olive, its undercarriage and front end sheared off and its steering wheel exposed.
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An early teardown points to a thin, silicone membrane sitting on top of the keyboard switch that serves to help protect the undercarriage from spills, food particles and the like.
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The adversaries deployed suicide attackers, roadside explosives and a magnetic bomb stuck to the undercarriage of a commander's car, amid pitched firefights that went on for several days last week.
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This kind of hump can catch the undercarriage of a vehicle or trailer if the vehicle is long enough and the ground touching the front and back tires is low enough.
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It is a single-seater, and wheelless (its convex belly means that it can land on most surfaces, rocking its way to stability after landing so that it needs no undercarriage).
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At least one car was still on the tracks with its windows blown out; another was laying off to the side, twisted at an odd angle with its undercarriage facing upward.
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Have you ever stopped during a strenuous workout, placed your hand across the front of your pants, and thought, Wow, I really need to harness the heat from my own undercarriage?
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None of them contain uncomfortably long bidet gags, or references to "pains in my undercarriage," or a scene where Larry the Cable Guy's talking tow truck character pees himself in public.
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Our tester had big steel bumpers with increased clearance, massive all-terrain tires and skid plates covering your delicate undercarriage should you find yourself making unintentional contact with rocks on the trail.
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CCTV footage shows the airliner make a hard landing, bounce perhaps 20ft in the air, and plunge back down with sufficient force to break the undercarriage and set the fuel tanks alight.
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But the image that will surely prove more memorable—of Mr Obama walking down the metal stairway from the undercarriage of Air Force One—was not an accurate reflection of it either.
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The Army is looking at things like modularity and open architecture, lighter but stronger armor, undercarriage protection to defend against IEDs, shock-absorbent seating, and wide fields of view, among other things.
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The glass double doors on 160 Van Brunt St. open right into a showroom with two Model S cars and an undercarriage on display — not something that's featured in most car stores.
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The model I've been testing is pre-production, with only a few differences from the final production models: better grip tape on the board's standing surface and bolted down wires on the undercarriage.
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Three times during an hour lunch, a waiter had to lean a robot on its side and take a blowtorch to the undercarriage to burn out food and trash caught in its axles.
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This question is never asked outright in "War Machine," a new Netflix original movie starring Brad Pitt and written and directed by David Michôd, but it's a substantial thematic undercarriage of this satire.
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Introduced on the 23rd generation iPod, and gracing the undercarriage of every Apple mobile device until the Lightning era, the 30-pin Dock Connector was a much-hated but vital piece of Apple's ecosystem.
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Introduced on the 3rd generation iPod, and gracing the undercarriage of every Apple mobile device until the Lightning era, the 30-pin Dock Connector was a much-hated but vital piece of Apple's ecosystem.
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The skateboards can be identified by the word "Boosted" laser printed on the wooden undercarriage and serial numbers that start with S2634 through S2644 on a white sticker on the bottom of the board.
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A little kitten had purr-haps one of the most exhilarating rides of her life after she took an 18-mile trip from Brooklyn to Harlem, New York, in the undercarriage of a Volkswagen SUV.
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The Saturday Profile NICE, France — When his bodyguards found a small brown package with protruding wires taped to the undercarriage of his Rolls-Royce in London, Sergei Pugachev decided it was time to take cover.
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Another surprise bonus: Before having a baby, I got UTIs so often that I routinely kept two rounds of Cipro on hand, but something about the undercarriage decimation I experienced in childbirth made them magically disappear.
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Custom coachbuilding has experienced a revival in the past decade, revolutionising an industry which traces its roots to an era when owners of horse-drawn coaches commissioned a body to go on top of an undercarriage.
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Along with the Sip 'n Dip, Roadside America lists Montana charms like the Testy Festy, where bikers annually gather to eat fried bull testicles and men participate in a drunken who-has-the-biggest-undercarriage contest.
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When a camp that brought a Boeing 747 was delayed by a few weeks in moving the plane to private land last year, angry Burners returned to the playa just to spray-paint "MOOP" on its undercarriage.
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The car practically chuckled as it told me it could have traveled at least another 16 miles on its giant LG-built battery, which takes up the entire undercarriage of the car, before it even thought about choking.
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TOKYO, Oct 20 (Reuters) - East Japan Railway Co has found parts in the undercarriage of Shinkansen bullet trains affected by the Kobe Steel Ltd data tampering scandal and will replace them during maintenance, the company said on Friday.
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"The plane's undercarriage smashed into the main rotor of the helicopter," local police rescue chief Delfino Viglione said in a video published by ANSA news agency, adding it was clear the helicopter had not seen the tourist plane.
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Hitachi Ltd said affected aluminum products were used in its trains in Japan and the U.K. The company said it plans to exchange parts used in the undercarriage of bullet trains running on JR Tokai and JR West lines.
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"For maximum protection of key undercarriage elements while driving over rocky, jagged terrain, Bison features five skid plates covering the engine oil pan, fuel tank, transfer case and front and rear locking differentials," Chevy explained when the new ZR was launched.
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By 2007, hundreds of Afghans, Iranians, and Iraqi Kurds had installed themselves in the town's parks and gardens, waiting for a chance to wedge into the undercarriage of a train or stow away in an eighteen-wheeler bound for England.
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It's got position and direction sensors to know where it's headed, magnetic panels so it can drive on vertical metal walls and whiteboards, color sensors along its undercarriage, light and sounds sensors and ouputs, and a touch-sensitive bumper around its edge.
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She sits on a bench repairing the undercarriage of one battery-powered toy car, while several others run in a demolition derby in front of her; she gestures with her screwdriver to the stall across the way, selling massive speakers and sound systems.
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Instead of Sloth, the mask is, instead, a potato-shaped head that is also an ass... with a face in the middle of it... and a haunting pair of lips exactly where one might expect to see the undercarriage of some genitals.
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"Having not been designed for carrier operations, as far as I'm aware, the J-20 would need extensive structural strengthening, new undercarriage and navalisation before being suitable for carrier operations," Justin Bronk, an air combat expert at the Royal United Services Institute, told Insider.
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The salt used to make roads drivable can be corrosive, and often the damage is to your car's undercarriage and other areas that aren't covered by the warranty—leaving you to pay for repairs out of pocket, said Matt De Lorenzo, managing editor for Kelley Blue Book.
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Whereas hopping up and down on a Boosted longboard involves the middle bowing in and out quite a bit, the undercarriage of the Mini S is basically one big battery so there's not much room for flexibility which means that you definitely feel bumps along the way more.
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I can readily see the benefits of a long-lasting, reusable period product, but still, the specter of spillage long blocked me from hopping aboard the menstrual cup express: How in the ever-living heck do you extract a chalice of uterine gore from your undercarriage without dumping its contents all over your lap?
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When a camp called Big Imagination brought a Boeing 747 to Black Rock City as an art project, then failed to get the permits it needed to move the plane off the playa within 2 weeks after the event, guerilla artists returned to the desert to spray a vast MOOP tag on its undercarriage — the Burning Man equivalent of a scarlet letter.
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It does this using "strategically angled and synchronised hi-res cameras" to build a 360 degree digital model, and says that three seconds after a vehicle passes over UVeye's ground installed device, the system is able to process multiple images to create a 3D model of the undercarriage and provide high resolution full colour visuals to rule out any security risks.
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Shark UL ;Shark LS :European UL, fixed undercarriage, fixed-pitch propeller. ;Shark UL :European UL, retractable undercarriage, variable-pitch propeller. ;SportShark :Planned US light-sport aircraft (LSA), longer span and heavier, with fixed undercarriage.
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840: Renault 4Pei powered, four seat, tricycle undercarriage, one built. ;NC.841: Mathis 175H powered, four seat, tail wheel undercarriage, one built.
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Controls are entirely conventional, including a small fin with large rudderand similar construction to the wings. The tailwheel undercarriage has single leaf main undercarriage legs.
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The undercarriage consists of rubber or steel tracks, drive sprockets, rollers, idlers and associated components/structures. The undercarriage supports the house structure and the workgroup.
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400px ;K1Y1 :Version with conventional wheeled undercarriage. Full designation Navy Type 13 Land Based Trainer. ;K1Y2 :Version with float undercarriage. Full designation Navy Type 13 Seaplane Trainer.
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The undercarriage of the landplane version was a retractable tailwheel undercarriage, based on that of the SB but strengthened to deal with the ANT-41's greater weight.
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Data from: ;MF-85: The first three prototypes powered by Porsche PFM 3200 engines. ;R 90: Production aircraft powered by Lycoming IO-540-C4D5 engines ::R 90-230-RG: The main variant with retractable undercarriage ::R 90-230-FG: Variant with fixed undercarriage, powered by Lycoming O-540-J engines. ::R 90-180-FG: Variant with fixed undercarriage, powered by Lycoming IO-360 engines. ::R 90-350T-RG: High performance variant with retractable undercarriage, powered by turbo-charged engines.
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The house structure contains the operator's compartment, engine compartment, hydraulic pump and distribution components. The house structure is attached to the top of the undercarriage via a swing bearing. The house, along with the workgroup, is able to rotate or slew upon the undercarriage without limit due to a hydraulic distribution valve which supplies oil to the undercarriage components.
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As a result, the left undercarriage and left wing were damaged.
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Cars can be identified by the name Galoob on the undercarriage.
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Similar to 7EC but with reverse tricycle undercarriage; however, the aircraft may be converted to a standard tailwheel undercarriage and operated at a gross weight.Aircraft Specification A-759 2011, p. 9 and p. 35. 25 built.
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The undercarriage consisted of 2 main-wheels on a live axle supported by V-stuts with bungee springing. The Maybach Mb.IVa engine was mounted conventionally in the nose and had a retractable radiator forward of the undercarriage.
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The undercarriage is a conventional retractable mono-wheel main undercarriage with a steel tipped rubber block tail-skid under the fin. Flight testing, from 17 January 2003, revealed very promising performance, optimised with various aero-dynamic refinements.
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Details of fuselage and undercarriage of P-59B, showing the nose armament.
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At this point the squadron was still manned by part-time civilians. Fairey Battle light bombers were used as training aircraft to convert pilots from the fixed undercarriage biplane Hinds to much more modern monoplane Spitfire with its retractable undercarriage.
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It had fixed landing gear as well as a weak fuel system and undercarriage.
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The prototype had a 1.8 L Volkswagen engine and a retractable, tailwheel undercarriage but the plans offered a choice of Volkswagen air-cooled engine installations in the 1.6 – 2.2 L range, as well as alternative fixed conventional undercarriage and retractable tricycle gear.
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The fixed undercarriage was a concern to the Luftwaffe, as the Bf 108 had suffered on the rough landing fields of the eastern front. Therefore, the requirement now demanded a robust as well as a retractable undercarriage. In place of the fixed tricycle undercarriage, now the V1 received one in a Y-configuration, with two steel half-shells welded together for the guidance of the shock absorbers on each side. Further testing continued.
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O engine and carried three. It had a tail wheel undercarriage and first flew on 3 November 1946. The other two were both four- seaters. The NC.840 had a Renault 4Pei engine of similar configuration to the Régnier and a tricycle wheel undercarriage.
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The standard undercarriage is of tricycle configuration, though a conventional undercarriage is an option. The main legs are fuselage mounted spring cantilevers and the nosewheel is steerable. All wheels are spatted. The Polaris may be fitted with a ballistic parachute (BRS 5) as an option.
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The maiden flight ended with a successful landing using the undamaged undercarriage units.Widfeldt 1966, p. 261.
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Choice of two Wright Whirlwind engines. Numerous smaller modifications including cockpit position and undercarriage. One built.
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The KAL-2 has a retractable tricycle undercarriage with oleo-pneumatic shock absorbers and hydraulic brakes.
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Few details available, but with new undercarriage and fabric covered, all-wire wing bracing and finless.
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The first variant built was the CA-5, while later variants had a much slimmer fuselage, a greatly improved windscreen design and a modified cockpit. The CA-5 had the undercarriage legs connected to the fuselage, and part way out from the fuselage, on the lower wing. The CA-3 had the undercarriage mounted solely to the fuselage, while the CA-6 and CA-8 had additional bracing struts from the top of the fuselage to the lower wing which allowed the undercarriage track to be widened. Buhl asserted that its undercarriage design reduced camber changes during landing, and the tendency to yaw due to bumpy ground.
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The undercarriage was a standard, long skid equipped with rubber shock absorbers; wheels on a short axle attached to the lower fuselage provided an alternative, narrow track, undercarriage. The Astore first flew in 1936. Two were built and used by the Pavullo nel Frignano flying school.
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Flight 6 October 1938 p.302 The F.K.57 was a gull-winged monoplane with a fixed undercarriage, twin tail and cabin for four. The section of wing inboard of the undercarriage had spars which were an integral part of the fuselage structure. Though the wing root was at the bottom of the fuselage, these inner sections had strong dihedral so that the outer parts of the wings, beyond undercarriage and engines, were at a mid-wing position.
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By mounting the fixed undercarriage at the junction, Handley Page's designer Gustav Lachmann was able to use a weight-saving short undercarriage. Originally the intention was to save weight further with internally sprung wheels, but these proved unavailable and a heavier pair of wheels on either side, each on a standard oleo leg within a broad chord fairing was used. In the few photographs of the H.P.46 the undercarriage is unfaired. An arrester hook was fitted.
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Lockheed confirmed the undercarriage leg to be from the Lady Southern Cross. Botanists who examined the weeds clinging to the undercarriage leg estimated that the aircraft itself lies not far from the island at a depth of approximately .By Aye TIME 1938-06-06 The undercarriage leg is now on public display at the Powerhouse Museum in Sydney, Australia. In 2009 a Sydney film crew claimed they were 100% certain they found the Lady Southern Cross.
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Bruce 1968, p. 36.Raleigh 1922, pp. 249–250. By this time, the "pusher" configuration was aerodynamically obsolescent, but was retained to allow a clear forward field of fire. F.E.2a with original undercarriage F.E.2b with "V" undercarriage The undercarriage of the "third" F.E.2 was particularly well designed – a small nose wheel prevented nose-overs when landing on soft ground, and the oleo type shock absorbers were also appreciated by crews landing in rough, makeshift fields.
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One of the Brewsters belly-landed at Andir airfield, the pilot being unable to lower his undercarriage.
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Argus As 10E engines, revised fuselage and undercarriage. ;Ao 192B :Production series based on V3. Six built.
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The Menestrel II has side by side seating. Most Menestrels have a tailskid or, later, tailwheel undercarriage with cantilever main legs bearing Vespa scooter wheels. Many Menestrels have faired legs and spatted wheels. At least one Menestrel II, with the type number HN 701TM, uses a tricycle undercarriage.
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There was a wide door on either side for cabin access and a separate baggage space behind the seats. It had a retractable tricycle undercarriage with the mainwheels, fitted with brakes, behind the engines. The nosewheel was steerable. The undercarriage, like the flaps and airbrakes, were hydraulically powered.
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Bellanca 14-9 ;Junior 14-7 :Prototype with fixed undercarriage and LeBlond 5E radial piston engine. ;14-7L :14-7 with Lenape LM-5 engine. ;14-9 :Main production version with retractable undercarriage and 90hp Ken-Royce 5F radial piston engine. ;14-9L :Fitted with a Lenape Brave engine.
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Parts of the Lavochkin La-5 aircraft were also used, along with undercarriage parts from the Ilyushin Il-2."Sche-2". airwar.ru. . Accessed 2010-05-19. The aircraft was equipped with a fixed, conventional taildragger undercarriage, and a twin-fin tail from the Petlyakov Pe-2 was also utilised.
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For approach and landing split flaps were fitted to the wing centre section trailing edge. The undercarriage consisted of a retractable tricycle arrangement with auxiliary skids which could be lowered in case the undercarriage failed to extend. Differential brakes were fitted to the main undercarriage wheels. The pilot and flight test engineer were accommodated in two separate cockpits protruding from the top surface of the wing centre section with the pilot in the port cockpit and test engineer in the starboard cockpit.
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The Bréguet 390T family were large three-engine sesquiplanes of all-metal construction with a fixed tailwheel undercarriage.
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Larger tips to increase the span to 15m were designed but not made. It has a retractable undercarriage.
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Date from:Gaillard (1990), p. 49 ;NC.832: Régnier 4E.O powered, three seat, tail wheel undercarriage, one built. ;NC.
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A tricycle undercarriage was fitted, with the nose gear retracting under the engine. Development continued as the Ariete.
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Also unusual for the era was a tricycle undercarriage arrangement, with a nosewheel retracting up beneath the cabin.
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Flight 25 October 1945, p. 445. The forward section contained the pressure cabin, gun compartments, and forward undercarriage. The centre section incorporated much of the structural elements, including the inner wing, engine nacelles, fuel tank, ammunition drums, and main undercarriage. The rear fuselage was of a conventional semi-monocoque structure.
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Unlike the Eagle, the Cupid had a fixed undercarriage with cantilever legs that were enclosed in fairings which partly covered the wheels. Its wings folded for storage. Partly because of the fixed undercarriage, the Cupid was about 13 mph slower than the Eagle on the same power. It was fully aerobatic.
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Shortly after this it suffered a hard landing at Mascot airport and required repairs to the undercarriage and wings.
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Another airframe was built, essentially identical to the LH.41.02, but with further improvements, including faired-in undercarriage legs.
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The SZD-24 Foka series were Standard class gliders of predominantly wooden construction with fixed wheel and skid undercarriage.
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The elevators carried trim tabs. There was a small tailwheel, the main undercarriage retracting into the inner engine nacelles.
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The Southern Martlet was the first aircraft designed by teams led Frederick George Miles, whose company was Southern Aircraft of Shoreham. It was a modified Avro Baby, differing in the tail unit, undercarriage and engine, the 85 hp A.B.C. Hornet air-cooled flat four. Like the Baby, it was a single-bay staggered tractor biplane, with fixed two-wheel main and tail-skid undercarriage. The undercarriage was a combination of "oleo and coil-spring shock absorbing gear" designed by Basil Henderson of Hendy Aircraft, Shoreham.
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The Griffon engine drove an -diameter five-bladed propeller, some larger than that fitted to the Mk XIV. To ensure sufficient ground clearance for the new propeller, the undercarriage legs were lengthened by . The undercarriage legs also had a wider track to help improve ground handling. The designers used a system of levers to shorten the undercarriage legs by about as they retracted, because the longer legs did not have enough space in which to retract; the levers extended the legs as they came down.
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The Circuit of Britain aircraft was given the serial number 896 when it was taken over by the Royal Navy. Its undercarriage was damaged in September, causing it to be refitted with a landplane undercarriage. It was used as a trainer until 22 June 1915. Twelve Type 807s were ordered by the RNAS.
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The main undercarriage of the I-215D also incorporated a kneeling feature which could increase the incidence of the aircraft by 3° to assist take-off. Trials with this undercarriage arrangement were successful and paved the way for its use in other Soviet aircraft, including Dr. Brunolf Baade's Aircraft 150, then under development.
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The use of anti-skid brakes on the main wheels of the undercarriage also contributed to a shorter landing run.
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A Bobcat mini excavator. Note the backfill blade Most compact hydraulic excavators have three distinct assemblies: house, undercarriage and workgroup.
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It had interchangeable floats or land undercarriage. When on floats, a bigger tail-fin, extending downwards was mounted. The prototype was flown with a land undercarriage in June 1938, then tested on floats. Next, 5 RWD 17Ws were ordered for the Polish Naval Aviation Squadron (MDLot) at Puck, for use as trainers, built in 1939.
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Since the expensive and heavy retractable undercarriage only increased the maximum speed by , it was decided that a second, two-seat Smyk, with a span reduction and powered by a Saroléa Albatros flat-twin engine, should have a fixed undercarriage. Its partially complete airframe was destroyed during the German invasion of Poland in 1939.
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The first machine (competition no.4) had a single cross axle, strutted undercarriage for its first flight on 5 October 1922, but this was replaced by a pair of smaller wheels mounted close to the fuselage sides on an axle fixed to the lower longerons. The second (no. 33) had this undercarriage from the start.
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The 12-wheel undercarriage of the early Tu-142 aircraft built at the Kuibyshev Aviation Plant (2011) ;Tu-142: A lengthened Tu-95 with much defensive armament removed, and instead incorporating ASW systems. Twelve aircraft initially had 12-wheel main undercarriage bogies. Six later aircraft had four-wheel bogies. Built by Kuibyshev Aviation Plant.
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It was an amphibious aircraft; its landing gear had two retractable mainwheels and a small leaf spring tailskid. Two small, streamlined structures, each close to the fuselage side a little above the waterline and mounted on a pair of parallel struts from the forward wing spar, carried the undercarriage legs, a vertical shock absorber and a trailing arm meeting at the wheel axle, which could be rotated together to a horizontal position for touchdowns on water. The undercarriage track was . Fitting the wheeled undercarriage increased the weight by and reduced maximum speeds by about .
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The rudder alone was horn balanced. The pilot's cockpit, placed at the wing trailing edge was enclosed and neatly glazed for its day with a single piece Perspex windscreen and separate cover. The Hobby was fitted with flaps and a retractable undercarriage, both hydraulically operated. The main undercarriage legs were mounted almost at mid-span, giving the Hobby a wide track, and when retracted the wheels were completely enclosed by a combination of fairings on the undercarriage legs and separate fairing which filled in the remaining semicircular gap.
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After initial tests, the first Shirl was given slight sweepback to allow for a shift in the centre of gravity caused by the addition of flotation bags. The undercarriage was also modified: the early single-axle version was jettisoned after takeoff, to allow for torpedo release and ditching, but now, with a split-axle, the torpedo or the undercarriage could be released separately or not at all. The new undercarriage had a pair of skids, each with a pair of wheels. With this arrangement the first aircraft satisfactorily underwent ditching trials in July 1918.
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It also eliminated the spreader bar arrangement of the undercarriage and revised the vertical tail shape.Eden and Moeng 2002, p. 319.
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It was a high-wing strut-braced monoplane with fixed tailskid undercarriage. The fuselage and wings were of all-wood construction.
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The S.39 was a biplane with monocoque fuselage and wood and canvas wings. The undercarriage featured a hydroplane / flotation device.
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The box-like fuselage connected all the components and carried the engine, fuel and cockpit as well as the nose undercarriage.
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Smaller aircraft like the Cessna 208 Caravan may have an option for a reinforced undercarriage to permit an increase in MTOW.
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Below are featured the wheeled undercarriage (also called landing gear) arrangements of some modern commercial jet airliners and large military aircraft.
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But the experience was marred during landing by uncertainty that the undercarriage had locked down while simultaneously running low on fuel.
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The fixed undercarriage legs were designed specifically for vertical flight; each leg carried a pair of heat-resistant castoring wheels, while the rear undercarriage was also fitted with disc brakes. Long-stroke oleos were used to cushion vertical landings.Winchester 2005, p. 223. The robust gear was able to withstand a descent rate of 18 ft (5.5m) per second.
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The aircraft was designed by Jean Dabos in 1962 and first flew in the following year. The D'Artagnan featured a two-spar plywood-covered wooden wing and an all-wood semi-monocoque fuselage. A retractable tailwheel undercarriage was fitted, but provision was made for changing to a tricycle undercarriage layout. Accommodation was provided for four persons.
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Due to the use of a new alloy, DTD683, the undercarriage suffered from stress corrosion cracking. Cracks would appear within only a few years.Jefford 2001, p. 124. The hazard posed by an undercarriage collapse during landing led the RAF to institute regular inspections, at first using radiography before moving to more effective and reliable ultrasound technology.Jefford 2001, p. 125.
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The SL-222 has a fixed skid undercarriage. Structurally, the SL-222 is built around a pair of longitudinal Duralumin spars and a tube steel truss supporting the engines, drive train, fuel tanks, cabin floor and undercarriage. The cabin floor and tailboom are constructed from aluminium alloy. Carbon fibre sandwich materials are used elsewhere and rotors are also composites.
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Beamont was unable to retract the undercarriage satisfactorily on the third and fourth flights. On the fifth flight the undercarriage bogies jammed in a vertical orientation. He understood that this could cause a catastrophe on landing and offered the project navigator, Don Bowen, the opportunity to "use the Martin-Baker Mk.5 ejection seat". Don Bowen declined.
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It was a conventionally configured low-wing cantilever monoplane with tailwheel undercarriage. The main undercarriage units retracted into the engine nacelles. Construction was wooden throughout, with wooden skinning everywhere but the forward and upper fuselage sections, which were skinned in metal. As usually configured, the cabin seated six passengers with baggage compartments fore and aft, and a toilet aft.
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The undercarriage was a single axle unit with the main legs attached at the front spar roots. The legs were braced, unusually, by struts from the axle to the forward fuselage just behind the engine. The undercarriage legs splayed outwards to produce a large track. The wheels were wire braced, though in some images they are covered.
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He was elected Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society in 1933 for his design of the Airspeed Courier with its retractable undercarriage.
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The aircraft had a fixed tailskid undercarriage, while it had no fixed fin, having a balanced rudder instead.Weyl 1965, pp. 360–1.
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Large bombs would be recessed into the fuselage, while multiple smaller bombs would be carried under the wing, inboard of the undercarriage.
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In 2011 B&F; marketed an improved "Special Limited Edition" of the Comet with modified wings, tail surfaces, undercarriage and other features.
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The undercarriage was fixed and conventional with mainwhels on oleo struts, enclosed in aerofoil section trouser fairings, and a skid under the tail.
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Performance was disappointing, and in particular, the narrow track of the undercarriage created difficulties. After the single prototype, no further examples were built.
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The undercarriage consisted of rubber-sprung skids under the nose and tail with a fixed mainwheel aft of the loaded centre of gravity.
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The fixed, tailwheel undercarriage has spring steel shock absorber main legs with a track of 2.44 m (8 ft); no brakes are fitted.
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Flight 7 March 1946, p. 235. Being flown at the low speeds and short ranges for which the aircraft was intended, the fuel economy improvements that would be provided by a retractable undercarriage was outweighed by the increase in structural weight; therefore, it was decided that a fixed undercarriage would be used, which also had the benefits of reduced production and maintenance costs.Flight 7 March 1946, p. 237. The combination of a high- mounted wing and fixed undercarriage was considered to be atypical for the era, and resulted in greater drag than a low-mounted counterpart would have.
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The Attacker had several deficiencies, one of which was using the Spiteful tail-wheel undercarriage rather than a nose-wheel undercarriage, a configuration that resulted in the Attacker being considerably more difficult to land on an aircraft carrier. According to aviation author Bill Gunston, this tail-dragger undercarriage meant that, when operating from grass airfields, the jet exhaust would create a long furrow in the ground that "three men could lie down in".Gunston 1975, p. 130. However, according to aviation periodical Flight, claims of scorched or ploughed surfaces, even grass, were exaggerated.Flight, 15 May 1947, p. 446.
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The Percival Type-Q was Percival's first twin-engine aircraft. It was constructed of wood, with plywood and fabric covering. It had a fixed, tailwheel undercarriage, with faired mainwheels, although four of the production machines would be equipped with retractable undercarriage. Two versions were designed: the Q.4, a four-seat executive transport, and the Q.6, a six-seat feederliner.
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For its next flight K5054 was fitted with a new, coarser-pitch high-speed propeller and its undercarriage unlocked. From now on, the undercarriage would be retracted during flight. Summers made three more flights from 10 March 1936. An updated engine was then fitted and from 24 March Summers left the test-flying to his assistants, Jeffrey Quill and George Pickering.
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None of the designs was selected for production orders; it has been suggested that the required performance could not be achieved within the constraints of the Specification. Construction was primarily wooden, with plywood-skinned spruce frames. The cantilever oleo-pneumatic fixed main undercarriage legs were faired with spats. The undercarriage, tail unit and outer wing panels were adapted from the Parnall Heck 2C.
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The Teal design features a high wing with tip floats for lateral stability. The horizontally opposed engine is mounted tractor fashion in a strut-supported pylon above the wing root. The T-tail includes a water rudder and tailwheel that swings up against the bottom of the rudder. Conventional undercarriage includes flat, spring-steel main undercarriage legs that rotate aft for water landings.
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The Envoy was designed by A. H. (Hessell) Tiltman as a twin-engined development of his earlier Courier. It used the same wooden construction, outer wing panels and innovative retracting main undercarriage. The Envoy was a twin-engined low-wing cabin monoplane of all-wood construction apart from fabric covered control surfaces. It had a rearward retracting main undercarriage with a fixed tailwheel.
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The design, by Robert Nesmith, is a conventional high-wing, strut-braced monoplane with fixed tailwheel undercarriage. The pilot and a single passenger were seated side by side. The fuselage and empennage were of welded steel-tube construction, while the wings were of wood, and the whole aircraft was fabric- covered. Some later aircraft were fitted with a tricycle undercarriage.
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A 3-view drawing of the P.512 illustrating the engine installation and revised undercarriage After World War II, S.A.I.-Ambrosini modified at least one AL-12P to be powered by 2x Alfa Romeo 115ter six-cylinder air-cooled engines and fitted with a revised undercarriage with shock absorber struts attached to the engine nacelles braced by V-struts from the fuselage sides.
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The Beryl has been homebuilt by amateur constructors and in 2009 there were still four examples active on the French civil aircraft register. The prototype F-PMEQ, completed in 1965 with tricycle undercarriage, was still active in 2014 modified as a CP.703 with tail-wheel undercarriage. Examples of the design have also been completed in Brazil and the United States.
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The Fort was originally designed as an advanced flying trainer and in 1940 orders were placed for 200 to be built for the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan. The Fleet 60 was designed as a monoplane with a low elliptical wing and a raised rear cockpit. An unusual feature was the fixed undercarriage. Although fixed, the undercarriage was fitted with a retractable fairing.
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EB-50B with track-tread undercarriage :EB-50B – Single B-50B modified as test-bed for bicycle undercarriage, later used to test "caterpillar track" landing gear."Favonius." "American Notebook: Some Caterpillars Fly." Flight, 7 July 1949, p. 24. :RB-50B – Conversion of B-50B for strategic reconnaissance, with capsule in rear fuselage carrying nine cameras in four stations, weather instruments, and extra crew.
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The Jora normally has a fixed, tricycle undercarriage, though a conventional undercarriage is an option. The mainwheels are mounted on inverted tubular steel A-frames, hinged to the lower fuselage; the nosewheel is on a forward-leaning leg and is steerable. Some Joras have single cantilever main legs. Rubber springs are used on all legs; the main wheels have hydraulic disc brakes.
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Each undercarriage unit carried a single low pressure wheel, equipped with a brake, between two oleo- pneumatic legs. There was a fork-mounted tailwheel.
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19 some of which were fitted with a tailwheel undercarriage for glider towing, with five going to Romania's Aeroclub for training and glider towing.
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The Fauvette has a fixed, monowheel undercarriage, assisted by a tailskid. The Type 905 Fauvette flew for the first time on 15 April 1958.
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Mason 1991, pp. 166–170. ;Estonian Hart :Export version for Estonia, equipped with an interchangeable wheel or float undercarriage; eight built.Mason 1991, p. 165.
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The cockpit had an open layout. A fixed tail-wheel undercarriage was fitted. The tailplane was set low on the fin. A 100 h.p.
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At different times the undercarriage legs and wheels were unfaired or faired. The SE-2010 flew for the first time on 4 October 1945.
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3 Built. ;Junior R-3 : as R-2 with retractable undercarriage 3 Units built. ;Junior R-3-S : Lycoming R-680-6 245 h.p.
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528 On the following day no.12, flown by Nick Comper suffered an undercarriage failure and was refused permission to replace it, forcing retirement.
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Another design choice was the fitting of a cantilever main undercarriage which incorporated Dowty internally-sprung wheel struts.Lumsden 1992, p.10.James 1971, p. 206.
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The family PA1 is represented by six models. The body, the crew and the undercarriage are made on the basis of the "Yauza" subway wagons.
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It has a conventional braced tailplane and a taildragger undercarriage with divided axle long-stroke oleo legs for the main gear, and a fixed tailwheel.
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Most Dart 15s retained the fixed wheel undercarriage to allow them to compete as Standard Class. Darts with retractable gear are known as the 17R.
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The Bréguet Type IV was developed from the Bréguet Type III which had appeared during 1910. It was a tractor biplane with a tricycle undercarriage.
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A large Busteed inflatable buoyancy airbag between the undercarriage legs was provided for emergency landings on the sea. The HD.20 had a fixed tailskid undercarriage, with mainwheels on a single axle mounted on the lower fuselage longerons by two pairs of V-struts. The HD.20 first flew in 1923 and flight testing explored its higher altitude performance, but then tests and development were ended.
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A large chin-mounted radiator was present to provide cooling for the engine. The Firefly had retractable main undercarriage and tail wheel, the hydraulically-actuated main landing gear retracting inwards into the underside of the wing centre-section. This undercarriage was widely- set, a highly useful feature for carrier landings. The aircraft was also fitted with a retractable arrester hook mounted underneath the rear fuselage.
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The undercarriage of the S.O.7050 was modified to be like that of the SO.7056, so both S.O.7060s had tailwheel gear. The Deauvilles were of all-metal construction with low/mid set wings of constant chord, straight tapered tail surfaces and a fixed tailwheel undercarriage. The canopy was entirely transparent and slid back to permit the access of pilot and passengers. Dual controls were provided.
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A total of 15 LWS-6 bombers were delivered to the Polish Air Force in 1938-1939. From the outset, they were considered obsolete, and were assigned to training units, mainly to the 3rd Training Dyon. In operational service, the LWS-6 revealed several faults, for example, the undercarriage retracted on some aircraft during landing. Reportedly, the crews later flew with the undercarriage permanently locked down.
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The aircraft was very simple, being made from "non-strategic" materials (mainly wood and steel). To save weight, it was to use a jettisonable undercarriage (there was to be no landing), so a simple welded steel tube undercarriage was attached to the aircraft.Tsurugi closeups. Col. Scott Willey article pictures This, however, was found to give unmanageable ground-handling characteristics, so a simple shock absorber was then incorporated.
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Several variants were considered: Wolfgang Hütter detailed a simplified, fixed sprung monowheel version, reducing the weight so a shorter span, lower wing area design could still meet the RLM's required glide angles. Karl Schewyer and Ferdinand Schmetz both designed tandem seated competition variants, respectively with a high wing and demountable undercarriage and a low wing, retractable undercarriage. There is no evidence any of these were completed.
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Most of the tracked loaders were still based on a bulldozer equivalent. The weight of the engine was still on the front half of the tracks along with the heavy loader components. This caused many problems with heavy wear of the front idler wheels and the undercarriage in general. The Caterpillar 983 tracked loader, the second largest tracked loader ever built, was notorious for heavy undercarriage wear.
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Developed from the earlier two-seat EC-6 Criquet the Tourisme was a three-seat version. Like the Criquet it had a tailwheel landing gear and Mignet-type tandem wing.Mondey 2000, p.196 To equip it for cross-country flying, the EC-8 was fitted with sturdier undercarriage than its predecessor, which consisted of an unusual tandem arrangement of two wheels on each main undercarriage unit.
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After trials with Rotax and Volkswagen engines, Lambert chose the Belgian 61 kW (82 hp) ULPower UL260i flat-four to power the M106. The development period also produced changes to the undercarriage, which initially had V-strut main legs and half-axles. These were replaced with cantilever spring glass fiber legs. The standard M106 has a fixed tailwheel undercarriage, though tricycle gear is an option.
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The forward engine exhausted under the centre fuselage and the rear engine exhausted at the end of the rear fuselage. Access to the engines for maintenance and removal was gained by removing the forward fuselage forward of the nose undercarriage and the rear fuselage forward of the fin. The main and nose undercarriages were housed entirely within the fuselage. The nose undercarriage rotated 90° to lie flat under the forward engine, and the twin wheeled main undercarriage legs, with long travel levered suspension, retracted into the centre fuselage above the forward jet pipe and astride the fuel tank and intake trunking for the rear engine.
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Stronger undercarriage legs were raked 2 inches (5.08 cm) forward, making the Spitfire more stable on the ground and reducing the likelihood of the aircraft tipping onto its nose. During production of the Mk VIII and Mk IX, a new undercarriage leg was introduced which had external v-shaped "scissor-links" fitted to the front of the leg; this also led to small changes in the shape of the undercarriage bay and leg fairings.Laird & Matusiak 2009, pp. 39–42. Several versions of the Spitfire, including Mk XIV and Mk XVIII had extra 13 gallon integral fuel tanks in the wing leading edges, between the wing-root and the inboard cannon bay.
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As the vehicle arrives at the checkpoint and drives over the imaging unit, the cameras capture images of the undercarriage and transmit them to the control unit which displays them on a monitor. The control unit and monitor can be located outside in proximity to the checkpoint or within the guardhouse. Depending on the UVIS system, images of the vehicle’s undercarriage can be stored for later viewing or can be manipulated for closer inspection while the vehicle is detained. Recently, UVIS systems have also integrated license plate recognition (LPR) software that can identify stolen or suspect vehicles, and help security personnel monitor suspected changes to the undercarriage of a returning vehicle.
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Undercarriage: All versions of the MD-80 are equipped with a tricycle undercarriage, featuring a twin nose unit with spray deflector and twin main units with rock deflectors. The MD-80T, developed for the Chinese, differs in that the main units are each fitted with a four-wheel double-main- bogey undercarriage to reduce pavement loading. Aerodynamic improvements: From mid-1987, new MD-87-style low-drag "beaver" tail cones were introduced on all series of MD-80s, reducing drag and improving fuel burn. Some operators have been modifying the old DC-9-style cones on earlier-build MD-80s to the new low-drag style.
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From ;Dart:the first 15 aircraft initially carried no further description; 15 m span wings, wooden sparred ;Dart 15:later 15 m span wings, all or most metal sparred and with root fillets ;Dart 15R:Dart 15 with retractable undercarriage ;Dart 15W: new wing, designed for 1968 World Championships, 2 only ;Dart 17:17 m span wing, metal sparred and with root fillets first flew November 1964 ;Dart 17R:Dart 17 with retractable undercarriage ;Dart 17W:the 15Ws converted to 17 m span ;Dart 17WR:the 17Ws with retractable undercarriage ;Chard Osprey :Experimental high- performance design, a Dart 15 fuselage and tail unit fitted with a wing designed by K. Chard.
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The pilot's safety was also ensured by the undercarriage design. The undercarriage is capable of absorbing large loads in an emergency landing, and the cockpit has a crunch zone of up to 10–15% upon impact. Additionally, the fuel system is designed to remove the possibility of fire after a rough landing. A model of an earlier design from around 1975 shows a two-seat aircraft with an airframe similar to that of the V-60, a pair of widely spaced downward facing vertical stabilisers, a fixed GSh-23L forward firing gun in the fuselage and two stub wings incorporating one hardpoint each and a pod containing the retractable undercarriage.
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Glide path control is via mechanically actuated Schempp-Hirth style airbrakes. All wing and tail controls are automatically connecting. The retractable undercarriage is likewise manually actuated.
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Aft, the fin was quadrant-shaped with a vertical rudder. The undercarriage was conventional, with the mainwheels on cantilever tube, faired legs, assisted by a tailwheel.
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Fitted with revised undercarriage to deal with heavier weights. First flew 19 April 1950.Green and Swanborough 1988, p. 49.Gordon and Komissarov 1997, p. 14.
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O.94R: Radar training conversion of S.O.94. ;S.O.95M Corse III: Production 13 passenger version with tail-wheel undercarriage, all 45 built for military use.
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The Ki-100 was a stressed-skin cantilever low-wing single-seat enclosed- cockpit radial engine monoplane fighter with retractable undercarriage. Control surfaces were fabric covered.
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The F-111C was the export version for Australia, combining the F-111A design with the longer F-111B wings and the strengthened FB-111A undercarriage.
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Below the fuselage is a long, shallow ventral strake. The tricycle undercarriage is electrically retractable. The main legs fold inwards; when deployed, they splay out strongly.
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Three built ;R-3 :Fitted with retractable undercarriage and R-680BA engine. Five built. ;R-3S :Conversion of R-3 with Lycoming R-680-6 engine.
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Three were built, serialled 8301, 8303 and 8304, of which 8301 was also tested with a land undercarriage, the existence of 8302 has not been confirmed.
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One built. ;MS.603 :The final derivative with tricycle undercarriage was powered by a Hirth HM 504A-2 engine and had a revised tail unit. One built.
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The second prototype, the T-10V-2 was built in 1993 and had enlarged internal fuel tanks, enlarged spine, lengthened tail and tandem dual wheel main undercarriage.
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The undercarriage was a conventional tricycle type and a radar scanner was carried in the rear fuselage in a retractable dome, much like in the Fairey Gannet.
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For glidepath control, there are effective top-and-bottom air brakes and a substantial drag chute built into the bottom of the rudder. The undercarriage is retractable.
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Stronger defensive armament. Power provided by Jumo 211 J-1 or J-2 engines producing , driving wooden bladed propellers. Reinforced undercarriage. Provision for four external bomb racks.
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Each mainwheel was on a horizontal axle supported at the outer end by a longitudinal V-strut from the wing underside. There were two more pairs of Vs, one fixed below the wing and the other on the lower fuselage, angled towards each other to support the inner end of the axle. A tailskid completed the undercarriage. The T.III's twin float undercarriage projected just forward of the nose.
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Construction was all-metal, comprising drawn channeling with a skin of corrugated sheet panels. The method may be compared to the modern stressed skin construction. Although conceived as a twin-engined type with retractable undercarriage, the design that emerged was fitted with a 450-horsepower Napier Lion II 12 cylinder engine that allowed the Dreadnought speeds of up to 102 miles per hour and fixed undercarriage."Dreadnought." aviationarchive.org.
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The Ladybird was designed by de Bruyne and completed by Johan Nicolaas ('Hans') Maas. It was sold to Maas, and completed by him, before his return to the Netherlands. The De Bruyne-Maas Ladybird, was a shoulder-wing monoplane with a tricycle undercarriage, and the design incorporated various items of near-bakelite construction. The trailing edge of each of the main undercarriage trousers could be turned to provide airbraking surface.
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A variety of Rotax flat four engines may be fitted, driving a two or three blade propeller, which may have fixed or variable pitch. The MCRS4 has a tricycle undercarriage. The main wheels are mounted on short, vertical legs beneath the wings, as on the Club and ULC variants of the MCR01, with a track of 2.33 m (7 ft 8 in). All undercarriage wheels and legs are faired.
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This airbrake was designed by Fléchair SA, a company founded by Payen. At the time of its appearance at the 12th Salon International d'Aeronautique at Paris, in 1957, the undercarriage legs were faired and the main wheels enclosed in spats and the aircraft renamed the Pa 49B. For a time the nosewheel was also spatted. There were plans for a version with a retractable undercarriage, but this did not come about.
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More importantly, most mirrors provide a limited view of the undercarriage, failing to show screeners key areas toward the middle of the vehicle. For applications such as border crossings, where the goal is to identify possible contraband movement, mirrors can often be used without compromising safety. However, depending on the vehicle and the type of mirror being used, contraband attached to certain areas of the undercarriage may easily escape detection.
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A landplane version, initially called the BV 238-Land, was proposed, capable of carrying out transport, long-range bombing and transatlantic reconnaissance duties. The lower hull was replaced by a plain fairing with retractable undercarriage comprising twelve main and two nose wheels. One bomb bay filled the space between the wheel bays, another lay behind the main undercarriage. The wing floats were similarly replaced with retractable outrigger stabilising wheels.
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The fin is small and almost triangular but the rudder, also balanced, is tall and blunt-topped. The undercarriage is of the fixed, cantilever, tailwheel type and has a track of . Each faired undercarriage leg is a strongbox, formed from aluminium sheet and hinged on the lower fuselage longeron. Their tops are joined to a rubber spring shock absorber mounted centrally on the cabin frame below the pilot's seat.
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A rectangular radiator, as wide as the fuselage, was placed under the wing between the undercarriage legs. The fixed, conventional undercarriage was of the split axle type, with the axles fixed to the centre of the fuselage underside and the mainwheels mounted on V-struts. There was a small tailskid. The Wib 210 was armed with a pair of 7.7 mm (0.303 in) synchronised machine guns firing through the propeller arc.
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Flight, 8 October 1936 Scott and Guthrie standing in front of the winning Vega Gull. The Victorious Percival Vega Gull Alington's and Booth's B.A. Eagle had a forced landing near Regensburg in Germany and damaged an undercarriage. A. Miller, flying Percival Mew Gull, had a forced landing before Belgrade and withdrew. Next, T. Rose's B.A.4 Double Eagle got damaged on an airfield in Cairo, due to undercarriage folding.
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In response to demands from Chinese operators for a more powerful aircraft, studies were made of versions powered both by more powerful piston and turboprop engines,Flight International 15–21 June 2004, p.29. before settling on a Czech Walter M601 turboprop to produce the N-5B, this variant replacing the nosewheel undercarriage of the N-5A with a tailwheel undercarriage. The N-5B first flew on 28 December 2006.
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The Ar 76 was a parasol-wing monoplane with fixed, tailwheel undercarriage. The wings were constructed of fabric- covered wood, and the fuselage was fabric-covered steel tube.
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Two fuel tanks in wings (400 l). A fixed undercarriage with a rear skid. Inline engine in front, with a water radiator under the fuselage, two-blade propeller.
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Apart from the engine, the AOP.11 was almost identical to its predecessor. Early in its career (photo, right), the undercarriage had spats, though these were later removed.
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The conventional undercarriage was fixed, with mainwheels on a single axle supported at each end on V-form struts, cross braced. A tail skid completed the landing gear.
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The Buckmaster was a propeller-driven, twin- engine mid-wing aircraft. The retractable undercarriage was of conventional (tailwheel) configuration. The radial engines were equipped with four-blade propellers.
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The HL-6 was a low-wing cantilever monoplane of conventional configuration. It employed a fixed tailskid undercarriage. The student and instructor sat in tandem, in open cockpits.
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They featured the first retractable landing gear ever fitted to an Army Air Corps bomber or observation craft. The undercarriage retracted electrically. Crew was three in tandem position.
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A simplified version of this aircraft was marketed for homebuilding as the AV.222, with options including a choice of airfoils, and either one or two wheel undercarriage.
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The Phoebus A has a monowheel plus tail bumper undercarriage, but in the later "B" variants the main wheel is retractable. The Phoebus C has a braking parachute.
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In keeping with the rest of the design, the fixed wheeled undercarriage was very simple, with unfaired wheels mounted on slender V-form struts attached to the lower fuselage.
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Airbrakes were fitted on the underside of the wing trailing edges. Bölkow built eight fs24s, designated Phönix T, differing in the use of a T-tail and retractable undercarriage.
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The initial crash ripped the plane apart. The undercarriage and the engines were torn off while the fuselage broke into three pieces. Fire destroyed the remains of the fuselage.
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Both the rudder and the elevator were statically and aerodynamically balanced. The undercarriage was of a split-type configuration, being oleo-sprung and equipped with Dunlop-built wheels. The wheels, which were housed within streamlined fairings, were fitted with brakes; for conducting operations under winter conditions, skis could also be fitted to the undercarriage. According to reports from pilots who flew the B-534, it possessed excellent handling characteristics for the era.
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However, the Gnat was designed to operate from concrete runways and used high- pressure tyres. Petter refused to modify the undercarriage because this would mean bulging the undercarriage doors and spoiling the Gnat's clean aerodynamic lines. Stanley Hooker urged him to 'Just say that you will try to do it', but Petter's moral code would not let him make false claims. As a result, the Gnat was eliminated from the competition in June 1955.
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Twin BMW 003 engines were slung in pods under the fuselage centre section. To make room for the main undercarriage twin tail booms were attached to the straight, tapered wings, with the undercarriage retracting into the front of the booms. The tailplane was raised midway up the twin tail fins, in order to clear the jet exhaust, with twin tailwheels retracting beneath. Up to two bombs could be carried in bays within the tail booms.
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Close behind was the observer's cockpit, fitted with a mounted pair of swivelling machine guns. The fuselage was fabric covered from the pilot's cockpit aft. The Hispano engine, enclosed under a metal cowling, was cooled with a pair of circular cross- section radiators mounted ventrally between the undercarriage legs. The HD.15 had a fixed conventional undercarriage, with mainwheels on a single axle mounted on the lower fuselage longerons by two pairs of V-struts.
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Ailerons were fitted only to the upper wing. The tail was cruciform in shape and the undercarriage was designed to be interchangeable to allow the S.45 to be flown as a seaplane or landplane. The machine was powered by a single rotary engine in the nose, turning a two-blade propeller. In seaplane configuration, the undercarriage consisted of a single broad pontoon mounted beneath the fuselage, with airbags on short struts under each wing.
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Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1984/85 and Fox-Papa ;JC-01: Original version with 48 kW (65 hp) Continental A65 engine and unswept rudder. Later the prototype was modified with a swept rudder. At least one was built with a Limbach L1700 engine. Tailwheel undercarriage. First flown 16 March1976. ;JC-2: Similar to JC-01 but with a 67 kW (90 hp) Continental C90, 50% heavier, swept vertical tail and tricycle undercarriage.
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The angle of incidence of this 'fixed' tail could be adjusted in flight for trimming. It carried three linked and balanced elevators. Two rectangular fins carried balanced rudders. The DB-70 had a fixed conventional undercarriage with double mainwheels on V-shaped shock absorbing legs mounted on the lower longerons, with bracing struts to the centre of the centre section. This arrangement produced a wide undercarriage track of 6.65 m (21 ft 10 in).
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GAF Pika displayed at the RAAF Museum at Point Cook, Victoria in 1988 The manually piloted prototype, known as the Pika, had side air intakes (to make room for the cockpit) and retractable undercarriage operated from a pneumatic reservoir.Flight 1952 p. 512 The remotely-piloted version, the Jindivik, followed the same basic form except that it had a single skid instead of an undercarriage and a dorsal air intake located where the Pika's cockpit was.
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All of the Gulls, however, did use a similar generic structure. Proprietary equipment such as engines, airscrews, spinners, instruments, undercarriage legs, wheels and tyres were generally common to all series. The Mew Gulls (apart from the E1 in its initial configuration) used a fixed, conventional oleomatic main undercarriage and a fully castoring tailskid. Small manually operated, split trailing-edge wing flaps were incorporated into the mainplanes, but were "...singularly ineffective even when fully extended".
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The undercarriage supports the leather thoroughbracesStrong leather straps supporting the body of a coach or other vehicle; also "thorough braces" carrying the body. The two axles are tied together by a firm undercarriage braced by three straight perches (lengthwise frame members) and given a relatively slim transom (the transverse members at either end of the perches). Each end of each transom holds an upright metal standard from which hang the leather thoroughbraces.
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The aircraft reached , with the only problem being the undercarriage doors – which were operated by bungee cords attached to the main undercarriage legs – that remained open by some at that speed. This problem persisted for some time. The left wing of E-0234 also had a tendency to drag to port slightly, so a rigging adjustment, i.e., a slight change in the angle of the wing, was carried out before further flights.Bowman 2005, p. 18.
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The first of these, the canard configuration Blériot V, was first tried on 21 March 1907,Elliott 2000, p. 53. when Blériot limited his experiments to ground runs, which resulted in damage to the undercarriage. Two further ground trials, also damaging the aircraft, were undertaken, followed by another attempt on 5 April. The flight was only of around 6 m (20 ft), after which he cut his engine and landed, slightly damaging the undercarriage.
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The split-axle undercarriage allowed torpedo dropping from under the aircraft and was fitted with wheel brakes as its shipborne role required, together with an arrestor hook and tailwheel. The Buzzard's underslung radiator was positioned between the forward undercarriage legs. The Type 207 flew for the first time on 11 January 1933, with Mutt Summers at the controls. The only notable modification was the addition of 2o of dihedral to the previously flat upper wing.
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The aircraft, designed by the engineer Galasso, was a single-seat, monoplane fighter, of mixed construction (the wings were made of wood), and initially with a fixed undercarriage. The engine was standard for this generation of fighters, an 840 hp Fiat A.74 RC 38 radial powering a three-blade propeller. The fixed undercarriage, meant that the maximum speed was only 467 km/h. It was armed with two Breda-SAFAT 12.7 mm machine guns.
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The XPS-1 differed from its predecessor in having a parasol monoplane configuration with wooden flying surfaces whose fuselage was a fabric-covered steel-tube structure. The main design feature retained from the RB Racer was its retractable undercarriage. The unusual design for the time was a tailskid undercarriage with the main units designed to retract into the lower fuselage sides. The landing gear was hand-operated using a chain-and-sprocket system.
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The aircraft had a fabric covered, welded steel-tube fuselage, while the wings were of mixed construction, with spruce spars and steel ribs, covered by fabric.Aviation January 1933, pp. 30–31. A retractable undercarriage was also designed for the Model R, with the mainwheels retracting upwards and inwards into the lower fuselage. This had less benefit to the aircraft's performance than was expected, however, and only a few aircraft were built with the retractable undercarriage.
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In basic construction, the different variants were otherwise almost identical, as largely conventional monoplanes with high, strut-braced wings and fixed, tailskid undercarriage. The pilot and one or two passengers sat in an extensively-glazed, enclosed cabin. Although usually described as a monoplane, this family of aircraft all featured small, stub wings at the bottom of the fuselage. These carried the fuel tanks and served as a mounting point for the wing struts and undercarriage.
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Glenn Curtiss at the controls of the Curtiss Reims Racer, which used the "shoulder cradle" apparatus shown (as his later Model D did) to operate the ailerons' control cables The Model D was a biplane fitted with a wheeled tricycle undercarriage. The construction was primarily of spruce, with ash used in parts of the engine bearers and undercarriage beams, with doped linen stretched over it. The outrigger beams were made of bamboo.Jarrett 2002, p. 154.
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Yugoslav Air Force Aircraft Types These shared the engine, fuselage, undercarriage and tailfin of the Potez XV, combining them with the wings and stabilizers from a newer design, the 25.
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The Wapiti was a conventional single- engined equal-span two-bay biplane with a slight wing stagger. It had tandem open cockpits and a fixed main undercarriage plus a tailskid.
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The Swing has a fixed undercarriage, which may be of either tricycle or tailwheel configuration. The aircraft has been accepted in the United States as a special light-sport aircraft.
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Flight 12 June 1941, p. h. It has a fixed tailwheel undercarriage with spats on the main wheels. Split flaps are fitted as standard.Johnson Aeroplane Monthly March 1980, p. 154.
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All Beverleys would be built at Brough. The aircraft was a high-wing cantilever monoplane with a fixed undercarriage. The large fuselage had a tailboom and tailplane with twin fins.
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Gross weight had increased despite the reduction in fuel from and the maximum speed had declined to at . The engine cooling system was still unsatisfactory and the undercarriage too weak.
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The Model 45 was a development of designer James Wedell's earlier Model 44 and was a low-wing cantilever monoplane with tailwheel undercarriage, the main units of which were retractable.
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Dunlop Aircraft Tyres is a tyre-manufacturing company in Birmingham, England, that claims to be world's only specialist aircraft tyre manufacturer and retreader, for aircraft landing gear (also known as undercarriage).
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It has a cantilever wing. The horizontal tailplane is attached to the underside of a rear boom, with twin fins and rudders on the tips. It has a fixed tricycle undercarriage.
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Developed from the ICA IS-23A, it was a conventional high-wing cantilever monoplane of all-metal construction with fixed tricycle undercarriage and seating for six people within an enclosed cabin.
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Not purchased by LVA; later fitted with floats. ;Two seater: Similar to the second model but with dual control and further slight undercarriage modifications. Purchased by the LVA as LA 5.
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Later gliders with three-dimensional fuselages use a lightweight construction optimised for flight performance. Innovations include functional wheeled undercarriage which does not contribute to the drag budget while permitting good landings.
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The King Bird's fixed undercarriage was conventional for the time, with wire-spoked, rubber-tyred wheels on a single axle which was mounted on short main legs with trailing drag struts.
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The mostly fabric covered rudder was full, curved and slightly pointed, likewise extending below the fuselage. A short skid from just behind the nose to beyond mid-chord completed the undercarriage.
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An undercarriage is deployed and each booster lands autonomously. After separation, the boosters are not under threat of collision until they land due to small differences in their initial flight trajectories.
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Du Plessis's aircraft sustained heavier damage and had to divert to Ruacana forward airstrip, where he landed with only the main undercarriage extended. Both aircraft were repaired and returned to service.
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The tricycle undercarriage was retractable and fitted with hydraulic brakes. The Sparviero first flew on 27 July 1956, piloted by Vico Rocaspina who was responsible for all the early flight programme.
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Aircraft 160 was an all-metal pod and boom style aircraft with tri-cycle undercarriage like the Lavochkin La-152 but its mid- set wings incorporated 35° sweep at 1/4 chord. The afterburning engine was underslung in the nose with the air intake at the extreme nose, and exhaust under the rear fuselage. The tricycle undercarriage was housed entirely within the fuselage, (almost all Lavochkin jet aircraft had a similar undercarriage arrangement) when retracted allowing the wing to be built thinner and lighter. A conventional tail layout with 35o swept tailplane was located at the end of the tail boom. The swept wings were of very low taper (almost constant chord) with 1/2 span flaps/ailerons and two wing fences each side.
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Data from:Bell Aircraft since 1935 ;Ship No.1: (c/n 1) The original Bell 30, built with an open-frame tubular steel framework with an open cockpit and four widely splayed undercarriage legs with skids at the ends, made from Aluminium alloy tubing. First flown on 29 December 1942, test flying continued until a serious crash in September 1943. ;Ship No.1A: (c/n 1A) Ship No.1, rebuilt after the crash with a strutted tricycle undercarriage with nosewheel, and semi-enclosed cockpit, rejoined the test programme by March 1944. ;Ship No.2: (c/n 2) The second aircraft was built with a new three wheeled undercarriage, semi-monocoque fuselage, new tail rotor mounting and fully enclosed cockpit for pilot and passenger.
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The principal difference between the types was that the C.450 had a fixed spatted undercarriage, while the C.460 had a retractable undercarriage. This difference resulted in structural differences, the retractable undercarriage necessitating a two-spar wing for the C.460 in contrast to the single-spar wing used by the C.450. For the 1936 Coupe de la Meurthe competition Caudron built two examples of a development of the C.460, the C.461. This was slightly larger, long with a wingspan of and weighing empty and had a radically redesigned cockpit, the top being flush with the top of the fuselage and forward vision being limited to what could be seen through glazed-over semi- circular channels set into either side of the fuselage.
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By March 1958 he had finally arrived at (what would become) the design of the Harrier, with its distinctive anhedral wing design and undercarriage with wing-tip outriggers. The undercarriage design was much disliked by Sir Sydney Camm. Detailed design of the wing began in August 1958. In March 1959, the Government issued the General Operational Requirement (GOR) 345 for a vertical take off aircraft, in response its knowledge of the design work of the P.1127.
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On 10 November 2008, Ryanair Flight 4102, from Frankfurt–Hahn Airport, suffered undercarriage damage in an emergency landing at Rome–Ciampino Airport, after experiencing bird strikes, which damaged both engines on approach. There were six crew members and 166 passengers on board. Two crew members and eight passengers were taken to hospital with minor injuries. The port undercarriage of the Boeing 737-800 collapsed, leaving the aircraft stranded on the runway and closing the airport for over 35 hours.
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The Nimrod had a conventional undercarriage of cross axle type on trailing struts, with compression legs almost at right angles to the fuselage and an aft tailskid. It could also operate as a floatplane on single-step, crossbraced floats mounted on N-form struts. With floats fitted, the maximum speed was reduced by 47 mph (76 km/h), or 25%. The Kestrel engine's bath type radiator was mounted on the lower fuselage between the undercarriage struts.
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The Alizé had a fixed, split axle conventional undercarriage. The main undercarriage legs, each carrying a single mainwheel, were mounted vertically on the forward wing struts, with half-axles hinged from the centre line of the fuselage bottom. Secondary struts ran forward from the top and bottom of each leg to points on the rear of the engine mounting. The Alizé was powered by an uncowled 110 hp (82 kW) Lorraine 5P engine, a five-cylinder radial.
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The Mercury engine was enclosed in a long-chord cowling. One advantage of the cranked wing was that it reduced the length of the undercarriage, making retraction easier. The main wheels of the Type 133 retracted fully into bath-type fairings under the wings; this was done hydraulically, using a handpump. Two of the four machine guns were fitted in the wing just outboard of the undercarriage fairing, the other two being on either side of the nose.
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Overall, the effect of these changes were to increase the theoretical speed to . Matsuhara's final Ka-12 design was a single bay biplane of composite construction, with a fabric covered wooden frame fuselage and metal upper wings. The lower wings were of a new inverse gull shape, with fixed undercarriage attached to the wing and fuselage. The undercarriage had a wide track to allow for the carriage of a single torpedo or the equivalent weight in free-fall bombs.
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The sharply tapered wings supported tail-booms which in turn supported the tailplane, elevators, fin and rudder. The wings also housed the retractable main undercarriage units which retracted inwards. The nose undercarriage was attached to the front engine mounting and retracted rearwards. Armament of the SAM-13 was intended to be 4x ShKAS machine-guns: two in the fuselage top decking firing through the propeller disc, and one at each end of the wing centre-section.
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His view forward was severely restricted by the central inline bank of four cylinders of the W-12 Lorraine-Dietrich 12E water-cooled piston engine. The engine was cooled by radiators in the wings, assisted for the first flight by a bank of radiators mounted between the undercarriage legs. These backward leaning legs were wide chord, faired cantilevers with large, unfaired wheels mounted on individual stub axles. The V.1's conventional undercarriage was completed by a small tailskid.
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Later investigation indicated a popped circuit breaker just to the right of the F/O at floor level would have enabled the electric motor for releasing the undercarriage. The breaker was reset after landing and the undercarriage extended normally. The final report of the accident was released in 2017. The causes of the accident were the center hydraulic hose leak, the popped circuit breaker, and pilot error due to the flight crew failing to detect the breaker.
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This system had been used on the First Monoplane. The undercarriage main axle was carried at the bottom end of the kingpost with wheels at either end and bearing ash fore and aft skids. During development and taxying trials, this structure was braced and sprung in different ways before the undercarriage was deemed satisfactory. Flying was delayed by the choice of a new untried engine, a seven-cylinder radial designed by R.J.Issacson of the Hunslet Engine Co. of Leeds.
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As well as the early cockpit and undercarriage, the V-0 first prototype had unusual airbrakes, formed by rotating the wing strut fairings through 90°. This system, introduced to expedite rigging, was found unsatisfactory and was abandoned in favour of spoilers. The second prototype, the V-1, initially had a two-wheel undercarriage, later altered by the replacement of the front wheel by an extended noseskid (V-1a). The V-2 and V-3 introduced the rear bench seat.
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The main undercarriage wheels were in line with the wing leading edge, but largely within the fuselage, with only about 60% of the diameter showing below. Their shock- absorbing legs were also inside the fuselage. This arrangement had been used on very small aircraft such as the English Electric Wren, but it meant the Bee had a narrow undercarriage track despite some toe-out. At the rear, the fuselage extended below the rudder for ease of handling.
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It was a wooden high wing twin engine aircraft. The cantilever wing had a parallel chord centre section in which fuel was carried and trapezoidal outer sections. The 740 hp (550 kW) Gnôme-Rhône 14 Kdrs radial engines, fitted with long-chord cowlings, were mounted to the underside of the wing in long housings, into which the main undercarriage members, each with a single mainwheel, retracted. The F.420 had a conventional undercarriage with a small tailwheel.
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The JP.30 was specified for agricultural use including crop-spraying. The powerplant was a Continental C-90 of . It was a single-seat high-wing monoplane with a fixed tailwheel undercarriage.
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Other South Korean subcontractors such as Elemech, Dawin Friction, and Withus cooperate in T-50 components production. Hanwha supplies the mechanical parts for the flight control system, and WIA supplies the undercarriage.
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The aircraft was later developed into the ICA IS-24, chiefly by replacing the radial engine with a flat 6-cylinder Lycoming, reducing the cabin glazing and lowering and widening the undercarriage.
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All the tail surfaces were ply- covered. The fixed undercarriage of the Jutrzenka had mainwheels on a single axle, rubber cord sprung to a pair of V-struts from the lower fuselage.
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The twin-wheeled nose and main gears had levered suspension and different tracks to improve rough-field performance. The kneeling undercarriage was initiated at the start of the takeoff run and gradually bled oil out of the Oleo-pneumatic strut until the required incidence of three degrees was reached just before liftoff. After takeoff the undercarriage was selected to retract which reversed the oil flow as the undercarriage retracted. All undercarriages were enclosed with fairings and doors when retracted. The bicycle undercarriage arrangement was tested on the Alekseyev I-215D. The seven-stage axial compressor Lyul'ka TR-3A (later AL-5) turbojet engines, with variable exhaust nozzles and petrol engine starters, were housed in the streamlined nacelles attached to pylons at 26% span. To boost takeoff performance, four '126-1' JATO rockets of 2,000 kg (4,410 lb)for 17s could be attached to the rear fuselage ('129-1' JATO bottles were used on the prototype). The control system of the '150' was revolutionary for its time, with irreversible, electrically signalled and electrically driven screwjacks operating the control surfaces.
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The tricycle undercarriage had three similarly sized wheels mounted on short legs interconnected by a triangular frame. The front wheel was steerable from the rudder bar and the rear pair were differentially brakeable.
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A skid, reaching aft to about mid-chord, and a tail bumper formed the undercarriage. Partly due to the single-piece wing, the Ghoppia was unusually light with an empty weight of only .
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There is a tall fin and rudder, also straight-edged but swept; the rudder has a prominent trim tab. A fixed tricycle undercarriage has spring cantilever main legs and cantilever- mounted, castoring nosewheel.
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The GL-30 was a parasol-wing monoplane with retractable undercarriage and a Bristol Jupiter engine. Like most of Gordou-Lesserre's earlier aircraft, it was a parasol wing design but its planform was trapezoidal rather than rectangular. In 1923 it flew the Coupe Beaumont course at an impressive . The GL.30 was the basis of a new fighter, the GL.31, which had a greater span, almost double the wing area, a fixed undercarriage, and a Gnome-Rhône 9A engine.
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The Rooivalk has a fire control system for target acquisition and tracking as well as an advanced navigation system using Doppler radar and GPS. Also incorporated is an electronic countermeasures suite coupled with chaff and flare dispensers. Notable features include a tandem cockpit, starboard tail rotor with a port tailplane, a fixed wheeled undercarriage as well as wire cutters above and below the cockpit and on the undercarriage. The Rooivalk is capable of doing a loop and thus momentarily "flying upside down".
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The wing planform was also revised to have taper only on the leading edge. The trailing edge carried the usual Junkers "double wing", a full-width adjustable flap cum aileron arrangement. Other aerodynamic improvements included a cockpit enclosure better faired into the fuselage and a seriously revised undercarriage which now retracted inwards into the underside of the wing where the wheels were completely enclosed. The Ju 60 undercarriage left the wheels partially protruding in Douglas DC-3 fashion on retraction.
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The lower wing was cranked, with negative dihedral over a short centre section, and the main undercarriage legs joined the wing at the end of this section. The main undercarriage was split, a necessary feature in a torpedo bomber carrying its long weapon under its fuselage; there was a small tailwheel. The tailplane was externally braced and both elevators and rudder were balanced. The square- section fuselage was of steel tube construction, aluminium covered at the front and canvas covered at the rear.
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The first prototype 1MF10, with the Navy designation Experimental 7-shi Carrier Fighter made its maiden flight in March 1933. It was destroyed in July 1933 when its tail broke up during diving tests, although the pilot escaped by parachute. The second prototype had a revised undercarriage, with the main wheels and undercarriage legs faired into streamlined spats. It was also destroyed in a crash, when it could not be recovered from a flat spin in June 1934 by pilot Motoharu Okamura.
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Commonly, the undercarriage was fitted with Dunlop-built wheels, tyres and pneumatic brakes and Turner legs. The retractable undercarriage was mechanically operated by hand; 144 turns of a crank handle, situated beside the pilot's seat, were needed.Sturtivant Air Enthusiast Forty-two, p. 40.Flight 30 January 1936, pp. c–d. To avoid this laborious process, early aircraft would often perform short flights with the landing gear remaining extended throughout, which would reduce the aircraft's cruising speed by 30 mph (50 km/h).
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With this enclosure the aircraft was called the DH.81A and the top speed increased by 12 mph (19 km/h). The main undercarriage was simple, the legs reaching to mid-fuselage in front of the leading edge of the wing, with bracing struts fore and aft to the keel; the later Leopard Moth used a similar arrangement. A small tailskid completed the undercarriage. The Swallow Moth was first flown at Stag Lane Aerodrome by Geoffrey de Havilland on 21 August 1931.
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The Type 1 Phoenix was the first design of the Heston Aircraft Company formed in 1934. The Phoenix was a single-engined high- wing monoplane, with a wood monocoque fuselage and wood-framed wing with plywood and fabric covering. It was powered by a 200 hp (149 kW) de Havilland Gipsy VI engine, and had a retractable main undercarriage in stub-wings plus a faired tailwheel. It was the first British high-wing monoplane fitted with a hydraulically operated retractable undercarriage.
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The single engine, tandem, two seat I-12 was a development of the similarly laid out I-11, strengthened for aerobatics. It was an all wood low wing monoplane, entirely plywood covered apart from the tail control surfaces and with a fixed, conventional undercarriage. Its cantilever wing was built around a main and an auxiliary box spar, both made from spruce and plywood. The short wing centre section was integral with the fuselage, with the main undercarriage legs on it.
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To speed the completion of the first prototype, the Prop-Jet used the wing and undercarriage of a Beechcraft Baron 58P, though a composite structure wing was envisaged for production aircraft. The Beech wing was a two spar aluminium box structure, without sweep and mounted between mid and low positions with dihedral of 6° and fitted with slotted Fowler flaps. The tricycle undercarriage was enclosed behind doors after retraction. The Prop-Jet flew for the first time on 29 July 1982.
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The aircraft is of typical motorglider configuration, with a tractor propeller and long, tapering wings. As originally designed, it also had a sailplane-like undercarriage consisting of a single mainwheel and a steerable tailwheel; however, later versions have a fixed taildragger undercarriage with two spatted mainwheels. The pilot and passenger sit side by side. With numerous design changes - including modern Rotax engines, state-of-the-art avionics, and aerotow capabilities, it is still in production by the M&D; Flugzeugbau company in Germany.
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A crew of two sat in tandem under a long, continuous canopy. The aircraft was fitted with a twin tail, and had a fixed tailwheel undercarriage. The C-3601 crashed on 20 August 1939 due to wing flutter, but a second prototype, the C-3602, which had a more powerful engine and a constant-speed propeller flew on 30 November that year. Testing was successful, and orders were placed in 1940 for an initial batch of 10 C-3603 with a retractable undercarriage.
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Preparing the Vampire for take-off required pilots to perform only six vital actions: setting the trim to neutral, opening the high and low- pressure fuel cocks, activating the booster pump, setting the flaps, and retracting the air brakes. If laden with external fuel tanks or bombs, pilots would have to retract the undercarriage quite quickly upon leaving the ground, else increasing airflow as the aircraft picked up speed would prevent the undercarriage doors from closing.Mason 1965, pp. 8, 10.
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Actuation of the flaps, dive-brake and undercarriage was provided using electric motors delivering power via flexible shafts and Lear electric motors. The nose of the Paris contained much of the avionics and electrical systems, including the radio, alternators, batteries and motors. Access to the engines was provided via a completely detachable tail unit; the wings could also be similarly detached without the necessity of removing the undercarriage. The sizable main canopy was a one-piece moulding, being 8 mm (0.3 lin) thick.
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In order to reduce weight and drag some of the production aircraft were fitted with a normal "V" type undercarriage. This was not universally popular and when a method was devised of removing the nose wheel in the field without disturbing the shock absorbers, this became the most common form of the F.E.2 undercarriage.Hare 1990, pp. 208–209 The "V" undercarriage remained standard for F.E.2 night bombers, as it permitted the carriage of a large bomb under the nacelle.
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On the C3-225, an additional removable fuel tank was added in the fuselage, and the wing tank acted as a header tank. The prototype had a conventional undercarriage similar to those used on most World War One aircraft, with a pair of vees braced from the lower longerons, connected with a spreader bar and suspension provided by bungee cords. This was replaced with a split axle undercarriage on the C3-1 and C3-2, which had the legs braced to the opposite lower longerons. From the C3-3 onwards, each undercarriage leg was triangulated with two struts braced to a central keel in the bottom of the fuselage, and one oleo strut on each side to the upper longeron, providing a greater range of movement and reducing camber changes.
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Changing the wings required only three hours work per aircraft. The Hurricane was furnished with a laterally-retracting undercarriage, the main undercarriage units being able to slide into recesses within the wing. Hinged telescopic Vickers-built legs are attached to the bottom boom of the wing's forward spar, but with a complex "pintle" angle setup within the wing at the top of the strut, to allow the strut to be perpendicular to the thrust line when extended, and angling rearwards as it retracted to clear the forward spar. A hydraulic jack served to actuate the undercarriage, with the carefully set "pintle" angle of the strut's upper ends assisting in the folding and pivoting the legs as to reposition the wheel unit rearwards as well as inwards in order to clear the front spar when retracted.
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They were mounted on the fin just above the fuselage. A sprung skid underneath the forward fuselage usually formed the undercarriage though there were fittings for wheeled gear if the landing surface was suitable.
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102 built. ;TG-1 :Version with slightly modified undercarriage, powered by 525 hp (392 kW) Pratt & Whitney R-1690-28 engine. 18 built by Great Lakes. ;TG-1 Commercial :Civil version of TG-1.
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It had a fixed conventional undercarriage with mainwheels on a single axle mounted on unusual curved skid-like members, with a tailskid. The Paalson Type 1 had made its first flight by May 1920.
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The elevators were tapered, with a cut out for rudder movement. The undercarriage consisted of just a main skid from below the front of the cockpit glazing to mid chord plus a tail bumper.
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Featured redesigned, and enlarged vertical tail surfaces and a revised undercarriage. Powered by a geared Jupiter VI radial. A total of 20 D and E model Ar 64s were built. ;Ar 64E: Production model.
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In "Knight of the Zodiac", KITT uses a dispenser located in his undercarriage to spread black ice, and a fingerprint generator in the glovebox to overlay the fingerprints of a captured thief over Mike's.
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V-1a type undercarriage. ;Doppelraab III (prototype V-3): As V-2; small numbers produced. ;Doppelraab IV (prototype V-4): Cabin structure of more easily welded normal steel, approved for amateur construction. Revised canopy.
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The Marabou has a low tricycle undercarriage with fuselage-mounted, glass reinforced plastic cantilever mainlegs. The nosewheel is steerable and the mainwheels have hydraulic brakes. The first flight was made on 29 April 2010.
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One was started in the 1970s but was never completed. Semi-reclining seat. ;MJ-15 Delta :2-seat project with a delta wing, retractable tricycle undercarriage and a pusher propellor, for engines from . Not built.
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One built.Bruce 1980, p. 58. ;F.B.9 :Improved derivative of F.B.5, with revised wings and tail, more streamlined nacelle, a new V-type undercarriage and using streamlined Rafwire bracing instead of conventional cable bracing.
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It was also equipped with a tricycle undercarriage arrangement. A pair of Type 541 prototypes were produced; the first of these prototypes made its maiden flight in 1951 and the second during the following year.
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The Rysachok has a tricycle undercarriage with inward retracting single mainwheels and a forward retracting twin nosewheel. The Rysachok first flew on 3 December 2010. By mid-2011, five pre-production airframes had been completed.
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On September 2, 2011, Atlantic Southeast Airlines Flight 5058, operated by Canadair CRJ-200 N875AS landed with the port main undercarriage retracted. There were no injuries amongst the 50 passengers and three crew on board.
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The undercarriage of the C301 features bolsterless bogies and a VVVF traction control; the latter was originally GTO-VVVF inverters from Westinghouse Electric but they have since been replaced by Bombardier MITRAC IGBT-VVVF inverters.
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Buttler 2004, p. 201."De Havilland DH100 Vampire." BAE Systems, Retrieved: 18 May 2017. Its first design, designated as the DH.99, was an all-metal, twin-boom, tricycle undercarriage aircraft armed with four cannon.
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Every effort was made to reduce drag: a large spinner was fitted over the hub of the propeller and the undercarriage was an aerodynamically clean design made from a pair of U-shaped plywood frames.
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Though in floatplane configuration the C.43 sat level over the water, the tailskid was joined by a small, cylindrical float to protect the tail at take-off. In either configuration the undercarriage track was .
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Data from Die berümtesten Segelflugzeuge ;Prototypes: ;V-0: First Doppelraab. Single wheel plus skid undercarriage. First flown 5 August 1951. ;V-1: Second landing wheel added in tandem, behind first. First flown 28 March 1952.
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Although these modifications reduced the numbers of Typhoons being lost due to tail assembly failure, towards the end of the Typhoon's life there were more tail failures, this time caused by a change to the undercarriage latch mechanism in late 1944; in high-speed flight the undercarriage fairings were pulled into the slipstream, creating an uneven airflow over the elevators and rudder resulting in tailplane and then rear fuselage structural failure. In total 25 aircraft were lost and 23 pilots killed due to tail failures.
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Because of the way Concorde's delta-wing generated lift, the undercarriage had to be unusually strong and tall to allow for the angle of attack at low speed. At rotation, Concorde would rise to a high angle of attack, about 18 degrees. Prior to rotation the wing generated almost no lift, unlike typical aircraft wings. Combined with the high airspeed at rotation ( indicated airspeed), this increased the stresses on the main undercarriage in a way that was initially unexpected during the development and required a major redesign.
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The Cherry seats two, in side-by-side configuration under a large, almost fully transparent, forward sliding canopy. It has a retractable tricycle undercarriage, with simple, outward folding main gear. A non-retractable undercarriage is an option. The prototype was powered by a 65 hp (49 kW) Continental A65 flat four engine; since then, Cherrys have used flat fours with power of up to 100 hp (75 kW), including some from the Continental range, the Volkswagen-derived Limbach L.2400 and the Rotax 912.
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Staggered biplane main-planes were mounted as far forward as possible to ensure that the centre of pressure maintained the correct position relative to the centre of gravity. The lower main-planes were attached to a framework, leaving a gap between wing root and fuselage. The undercarriage consists of two wheels mounted on struts, with long skids which extended rearwards removing the need for a tail-skid. A feature of the undercarriage requested by the French customer was castering main-wheels allowing cross-wind landings.
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The hinge is a carbon reinforced element able to withstand wind speeds up to 75 km/h when open and was designed to sever the tubing and wiring looms from the instrument panels upon emergency release in flight. The airplane stands on a sprung, retractable main undercarriage with a six-inch hub, and a nose wheel which is likewise sprung and retracts simultaneously with the main wheel. A fixed tail wheel is also provided. This undercarriage scheme simplifies ground handling, since fuselage dollies are not required.
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This column carried a wheel to control wing warping. The wings, braced from the undercarriage and from an inverted-V kingpost had the slightly rounded form of the modified Type D. The fin was shorter and less swept, not reaching the forward edge of the tailplane. The forward struts of the undercarriage were now forward-sloping. The extra weight required more power, so an 80 hp (60 kW) Gnome rotary was fitted, with an aluminium cowling surrounding all but the lower 135° of the engine.
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Andrews and Morgan 1987, pp. 297–298. Supermarine's design to meet this requirement was the Type 505, featuring a thin, straight wing and a V-tail (or "butterfly tail") to keep the tail surfaces away from the jet exhausts, and to be powered by two Rolls-Royce Avon turbojets, mounted side- by-side in the fuselage. In 1948, the Admiralty had second thoughts about the undercarriage-less fighter and Supermarine reworked their design by including a nosewheel undercarriage, becoming the Type 508.Mason 1992, p. 375.
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Most unusually for its time, the inboard lower wing featured landing flaps, so the 511 landed at a sedate 35 mph (56 km/h). The single rotary Gnome Monosoupape was neatly cowled, though this was later modified to improve cooling. Mainwheels were mounted on a single axle plus centre-skid undercarriage and there was a tailskid. Later in 1914 the 511 was modified with a new pair of wings with no sweepback and a V-form (cranked axle), skidless main undercarriage, becoming the Avro 514.
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During the period of 1927-33, Messerschmitt designed a series of six sport planes, the single-seat M.17 and M.19, and the two-seat M.23, M.27 M.31, and finally the M.35. With the exception of the M.23, none sold in large numbers. They were all single-engine low-wing cantilever monoplanes with open cockpits and fixed undercarriage. The M.35 kept the extended fuselage of the M.27 and combined it with an undercarriage of single leg, spatted form.
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The IS-23's tall, fixed tricycle undercarriage had each main wheel supported from the fuselage centre line by a pair of asymmetric V-legs with a separate damping strut, mounted on the outer fuselage bottom, attached to the aft one. The wheeled undercarriage could be replaced with either floats or skis. Trials of the IS-23 began in mid 1968. Take off distances, dependent on load, were between 120–185 m (395–610 ft) and landings took 60–80 m (195–260 ft).
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The Types M and N had a tailskid undercarriage. A transverse steel bar was fixed at each end to an ash V-strut from the lower fuselage and further braced with a steel V-strut from its centre. A pair of axles, hinged at the centre of the bar, passed through the vertices of the ash struts via rubber shock absorbers with the mainwheels, slightly toed out and apart, beyond them. Early versions of the undercarriage used a single axle rather than a split one.
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For either option, it may be necessary to widen the lanes occupied by the bus to accommodate the bus wheels and undercarriage whilst allowing other vehicles to pass under the bus two abreast. Since the bus is no higher than a tractor-trailer, roadway overpasses will usually not be a problem. The bus would run along a fixed route, its passenger compartment spanning the width of two traffic lanes. Its undercarriage rides along the edges of the two lanes it straddles and the overall height is .
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The rear spar carried the split flaps and long, narrow-chord ailerons, while the front spar incorporated the undercarriage pivot points. The undercarriage track was relatively wide at 4 m (13 ft 1.5 in). Each wing had a partially self-sealing 190 L (50 US gal) fuel tank behind the main spar, just outboard of the fuselage. A single weapon (initially a 7.7 mm/0.303 in Type 89 machine gun) was able to be carried in a weapons bay located behind the main spar.
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The Attacker was neither the only nor the first jet aircraft to be equipped with such an undercarriage, which was also used on the experimental Heinkel He 178 and several early Messerschmitt Me 262 aircraft. The chief designer at Vickers-Supermarine, Mr. J. Smith, claimed that testing had validated the performance of the tail-dragger undercarriage as acceptable. On 17 June 1947, the first navalised prototype, Type 398 TS413, conducted its first flight, flown by test pilot Mike Lithgow;Andrews and Morgan 1987, p. 271.
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Priority was to be given to the Ki-60, design of which started in February 1940. The first prototype of the Ki-60 emerged in March 1941 as a compact, all metal, stressed skin monoplane with a relatively deep fuselage () and tapered wings with rounded tips built around a system of three spars; a Warren truss main spar and two auxiliary spars. The rear spar carried the split flaps and long, narrow chord ailerons, while the front spar incorporated the undercarriage pivot points. The undercarriage track was .
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The Aeronca high- wing formula used a welded steel tube fuselage covered with fabric, wooden wings covered with plywood and fabric braced by V-struts to the rear undercarriage attachment point on the lower fuselage. Tail surfaces were also built up with welded steel tubing covered with fabric. The fixed tail-wheel undercarriage, sprung with oleo struts and faired triangular side members hinged at the fuselage. A small tail-wheel on a spring steel leaf at the extreme rear of the fuselage completed the under-carriage.
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The first Cygnet with original tail and undercarriage During that period C.W. Aircraft had invested heavily in another design, the C.W. Swan. Overextended, it became insolvent and sold all rights for the Cygnet to General Aircraft Ltd in 1938. General Aircraft modified the design to incorporate a nosewheel undercarriage and designated it the GAL.42 Cygnet II. Production of a large batch of aircraft began in 1939 but only 10 were built and delivered (1939–1941) due to the start of the Second World War.
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However, when attempting to land after its first test flight, on 19 September 1924, the undercarriage collapsed and the aircraft sank, with pilot Hubert Broad escaping unhurt.Flight 25 September 1925, p. 630.Jackson 1973, p. 313.
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Yaw was controlled with a rudder mounted within the propeller duct, enhancing its low-speed effectiveness. The Gyroplane had a fixed tricycle undercarriage. The main wheels were mounted on steel cantilever legs and the nosewheel castered.
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The IS-29 was also produced in a motorglider version, designated the IS-29EM. This shared the low-set wings and three-point undercarriage of the IS-28M2, and the new wings of the IS-28MA.
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Immediately behind the cockpit the upper fuselage was raised to carry the wing, tapering away to the tail. A single main skid and small tail skid formed the undercarriage. The Totternhoe first flew in May 1936.
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The aircraft had a fixed, tailwheel undercarriage with a track. Messier oleo strut landing legs were mounted on the wing spar. Legs, mainwheels and the steerable tailwheel, also on an oleo strut, were enclosed in fairings.
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The tailplane was also completely new, and a triangular fin was fitted to the rudder. Operational B.E.2c with RAF 1a engine, "V" undercarriage, streamlined cowling on sump, and cut-out in upper centre section to improve field of fire for gunner After the first few aircraft, production machines were powered by a development of the Renault engine, the RAF 1a, and the twin skid undercarriage was replaced by a plain "V" undercarriage. A streamlined cowling to the sump was also fitted to later models, while a cut-out in the rear of the centre section marginally improved the observer's field of fire, as well as giving the pilot a better view forward over the wing. On later machines, the fin was enlarged to reduce the aircraft's tendency to swing on take-off and to improve spin recovery.
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Control of the undercarriage retraction and wing folding was accomplished with a single three position lever in the cockpit. With 'Chassis Down' selected the wing and undercarriage were extended, selecting 'Chassis Up/Wing Down' retracted the undercarriage into the inner lower wing, and selecting 'Wing Up' retracted the wing, selection of wing position could be made at any time to enable the pilot to choose the best configuration for the situation the aircraft was in."The Annals Of The Polymorth – A short history of V-G", Air International/March 1972, page 139-140 Flight tests were successful but the performance of the monoplane configuration was inferior to the contemporary monoplane fighters such as the MiG-3 and Yak-1 . A second machine was built fitted with a more powerful engine but flight tests were interrupted by the German invasion in 1941.
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Green 1967, p.152.Breffort and Jouineau 2005, p. 79. The NC.150 was a mid-winged monoplane with a retractable tailwheel undercarriage which was designed to make maximum use of non-strategic materials such as wood.
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The cabin seated two side by side, with a small luggage space behind, and was enclosed by a forward-hinged, single piece canopy. There was a retractable tricycle undercarriage with inward retracting mainwheels, fitted with hydraulic brakes.
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42 Basic structure of the Sportsman is wood, with a low-wing cantilever monoplane configuration. The surface is covered with fibreglass. A fixed nosewheel undercarriage with wheel fairings is used. The cabin employs a large bubble canopy.
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Gunston and Gordon 2005, p. 10. The AIR-7 was repaired after the accident, fitted with strengthened aileron hinges and modified undercarriage fairings. So modified, it set a new national speed record of on 25 September 1933.
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They plowed into the town of Villeneuve-le-Roi. The left undercarriage failed and a fire broke out from fuselage. Three flight attendants initially survived the disaster. Two attendants survived, but the third died in the hospital.
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The Swallow used a conventional glider undercarriage, a combination of a rubber sprung skid from nose to below the wing leading edge, plus a fixed, unsprung monowheel below mid wing and a small skid at the rear.
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The Acro Sport II is a short-span biplane of conventional taildragger configuration, typically built with open cockpits and spatted main undercarriage. Its structure is fabric-covered, steel tube fuselage and tail group, with wood wing structure.
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The Ibis has a fixed tricycle undercarriage with mainwheels, which may be spatted, mounted from the fuselage on laminated plywood legs. The nosewheel has a rocker type rubber shock absorber and is steerable via the rudder pedals.
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As the landing gear was torn off, the fuel tank inside the wing ruptured, causing fuel to spill which then ignited. The accident report attributed the undercarriage collapse to a structural failure of the lower 'candelabra' fitting.
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The wheel brakes, air brakes, flaps, and retractable undercarriage were all actuated using compressed gas, with sufficient gas storage aboard for multiple actuations per flight. On 3 April 1959, the X-241 flew for the first time, having been launched by aero-tow behind a Douglas Dakota Mk.IV BJ 449. A total of 86 flights were conducted prior to the X-241 receiving considerable damage as the result of a landing accident, after the nose undercarriage failed to extend. On 24 June 1961, the first prototype Marut conducted its maiden flight.
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The accident occurred when the aircraft struck a seawall on approach to Runway 06 at Kallang, damaging the undercarriage and causing a leak from the number three wing fuel tank. As the aircraft touched down a second time, on the runway, the undercarriage collapsed and the aircraft slid until the starboard wing broke off. The remainder of the aircraft rolled to the right, coming to rest upside down with the fuselage in two pieces, and one of the engines carried on for another . The aircraft was already on fire when it came to rest.
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James 1971, pp. 307–308. The flying controls of the E.1/44 were relatively conventional, employing an array of push-rods and spring-torque shafts (the latter being primarily used for actuation of the spring tabs) to feed control inputs to the flight control surfaces. Power for the undercarriage and the flaps was provided by a Dowty hydraulic pump, driven via a gear box from the Nene engine. For emergencies, there was a hand-pump for the flight surfaces and a compressed-air system for the undercarriage.
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The supercharger arrangement employed an intercooler between the first and second stages. Weight-saving was a priority across the aircraft; the airframe, other than the steel tube engine mount and cowling, featured a wooden rectangular monocoque structure. It had a glued plywood skin, fixed to the mahogany longerons and struts forming the internal structure, which was faired throughout to result in a low-drag extensions. A conventional fixed undercarriage was used; it had been deemed of greater importance to reduce the aircraft's weight than its drag, thus a retractable undercarriage was seen as counterproductive.
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The PVT was powered by a 420 hp (313 kW) 7-cylinder radial Gnome-Rhône 7K radial engine, housed with its cylinder heads exposed and driving a two-bladed propeller. The fixed, divided type undercarriage had on each side a main shock absorber leg, its upper end attached to a steel pyramid protruding from the mid-fuselage keeping the leg closer to the vertical whilst providing a wide track. Each wheel was connected to the lower fuselage with a swinging V-strut. A simple tail skid completed the undercarriage.
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The main undercarriage was of the single axle type complemented by a tailskid. During development the undercarriage was strengthened with two extra struts forward of the main axle which carried arrestor claws at each end for deck-landing. These engaged with the fore and aft wires used on Royal Navy carriers up to 1926. The pilot sat in an open cockpit forward of the wing for optimum visibility during deck landings and behind him in an enclosed, windowed cabin were the navigator and wireless operator, who could access an open gunner's position further aft.
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Retraction of the landing gear of a Boeing 727 after take-off undercarriage of an Airbus A380-800 Boeing Washington B.I with tail "bumper" deployed Cessna 172RG retracting its landing gear during take-off Landing gear is the undercarriage of an aircraft or spacecraft and may be used for either takeoff or landing. For aircraft it is generally needed for both. It was also formerly called alighting gear by some manufacturers, such as the Glenn L. Martin Company. For aircraft, StintonThe Design Of The Aeroplane, Darrol Stinton 1983, , p.
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The pod also formed an integral part of the undercarriage structure. On each side, a main undercarriage leg sloped inwards from the wheel hub to the upper end of the fuselage frame; the hub was at the vertex of a V-strut attached to the pod frame. The upper pod frame was braced to the fuselage frames with a pair of transverse V-struts, one ahead and one aft of the cockpit. A long tailskid, which reached out to the rear end of the pod, was fixed to the central lower pod frame.
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After the failure of the Fieseler F 3 Wespe, Fieseler developed a sport aircraft with emphasis placed on safety, quality, efficiency, and convenience, designated Fieseler F 4. The F 4 was a two-seat low-wing monoplane, with a welded steel tube fuselage and wooden wings covered with aircraft linen. The wings, attached to the fuselage, were braced with profile wires from the top of the fuselage and the undercarriage. Fitted with balloon tires the undercarriage was attachedforward of the centre of gravity, reducing the danger of nose-over during a difficult landing.
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The Łoś featured retractable main undercarriage, which retracted into purpose- built alcoves located within the engine nacelles. The undercarriage was double-wheeled, complete with independent suspension for each wheel. The bomber was powered by a pair of Bristol Pegasus radial engines; the PZL.37A model had Pegasus XII B engines (normal power: 860 BHP (873 cv, 642 kW), maximum: 940 BHP (953 cv, 701 kW)), the PZL.37B variant had Pegasus XX engines (normal power: 905 HP (918 cv, 675 kW), maximum: 970 BHP (984 cv, 723 kW)).
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The Coccinelle's fuselage has a rectangular section throughout and its profile is straight edged except under the engine, where it curves upwards. The side-by-side seats are ahead of the wing leading edge and largely enclosed under a one piece, rear hinged, part bubble type canopy. Behind this are further transparencies which can vary from builder to builder but extend rearwards a little way into the wing. Most Coccinelles have a tail wheel undercarriage with front wheels on thin, steel cantilever legs, though a tricycle undercarriage is an option.
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Air Ministry Specification B.9/38 required a twin- engine medium bomber of wood and metal construction, that could be built by manufacturers outside the aircraft industry and without using light alloys. The Air Ministry was concerned that if there was a war, the restricted supply of materials might affect construction of bombers. Armstrong Whitworth, Bristol and de Havilland were approached for designs. Bristol proposed two designs - a conventional undercarriage and an wingspan capable of 300 mph and a tricycle undercarriage design with span with a maximum speed of .
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The UTVA-60 is an all-metal, four-place, strut-braced high-wing monoplane. It is fitted with a fixed conventional undercarriage which uses cantilevered steel tube struts. Trailing-edge wing flaps are linked to the ailerons, drooping the ailerons when the flaps are lowered to reduce landing speed, while the agricultural version's wing was fitted with slots. The UTVA-60 was used as the basis for the UTVA-65, a specialised agricultural aircraft, which used the wings, undercarriage and tail of the UTVA-60, but with a low-mounted wing.
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The wing trailing edge featured the standard Junkers "double wing", combining adjustable flap and aileron surfaces outboard, together with plain flaps inboard. The aircraft had a fixed, split-axle main undercarriage which was noticeably tall, to accommodate the large-diameter propeller, plus a tailskid. A retractable rectangular radiator descended between and just in front of the undercarriage legs. The pressurized cabin had five small portholes for the pilot, two forward, two sideways and one overhead, and there were two more, one on each side for the second crew member.
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The engines were mounted in this fashion to make room for the retracted main undercarriage legs, two on each side attached to the engine nacelles under the wings. The paired main undercarriage legs, side by side, retracted in opposite directions, inboard forwards and outboard rearwards, with the single mainwheels rotating 90 degrees to lie flat under the long jetpipes of the AL-5 engines. To boost takeoff performance, two JATO bottles could be attached to the rear fuselage. Performance was also improved when Lyulka AL-5F (forseerovannyy - afterburning) engines were fitted.
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The basic design, common to both models, was that of a low-wing cantilever monoplane of all-metal construction with side-by-side seating for two in a fully enclosed cabin.Simpson 1995, 244 The main gear wheels of the undercarriage were retractable, and the tailwheel was steerable.Whetstone 1999 The aircraft structure incorporated a framework built up of welded steel tube which extended lengthwise from the engine firewall to the rear of the cabin, and spanwise from one undercarriage well to the other. Around this framework was a conventional, monocoque fuselage.
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The characteristic 'Star' or 'Pyramid' wing strut arrangement, consisted of four pairs of V struts attached to the mainplanes at the roots and at 3/4 span converging to a point in the middle of the wing cellule. Unlike the KDD the C.II fuselage did not fill the interplane gap but the pilot was still sat under the centre-section with difficult ingress and egress, particularly in case of an accident. Controls and undercarriage were all conventional with wooden framed fabric-covered control surfaces and tail-skid undercarriage.
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In 1917, the British Royal Aircraft Factory started design of a night fighter development of its F.E.9, the F.E.12. This used the tailbooms, undercarriage and wing centre-sections of the F.E.9, combining them with new, three-bay outer wings and a larger tailplane. It was to be armed with a shell firing gun and equipped with two searchlights.Bruce 1968, pp. 62–63. The design was revised to produce the N.E.1 (for Night-flying Experimental), with revised wings, new tailbooms and a new, wide track, undercarriage.
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Bellanca had already established itself in the market for aircraft in the 6–8 seat size, but believed that it could also successfully sell smaller (3–4 seats) aircraft. The first example flew in 1937. The 14-7 was a modern, low-wing cantilever monoplane with a fuselage intended to contribute lift to the design. Although the prototype flew with fixed tailwheel undercarriage, the 14-9 production version was the first US light aircraft to be mass-produced with retractable undercarriage; the main wheels rotated aft, up into wells in the wings.
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The first prototype, the Fw-159 V1, was ready in the spring of 1935 but was destroyed when it crash- landed following the failure of the main undercarriage to deploy properly. The second prototype, the V2, had a reinforced undercarriage. The general flight characteristics were good but the rate of climb and rate of turn were unsatisfactory, and the aircraft suffered greater drag than its competitors in the contest, the Arado Ar 80, Heinkel He 112 and Messerschmitt Bf 109. The competition was won by the Bf 109.
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The undercarriage was initially completed with a long sprung tail skid, later replaced by a shorter cane skid mounted further aft.The Dyott monoplane at Hendon Flight 1 November 1913 At the same time, Dyott made some changes to the transverse bracing of the main undercarriage. The low aspect ratio wings were parallel edged and almost square tipped, with the thin airfoil section typical of the time. They were built around two spars, each a spruce-ash-spruce sandwich, and the profile was formed with mixed spruce and ash ribs.
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Also known as the "Universal wing" the new design was standard on the majority of Spitfires built from mid-1942. This wing was structurally modified to reduce labour and manufacturing time plus it was designed to allow mixed armament options, A type, B type or four 20 mm Hispano cannon.Barbic 1996, pp. 165–167. The undercarriage mountings were redesigned and the undercarriage doors were bowed in cross section allowing the legs to sit lower in the wells, eliminating the upper-wing blisters over the wheel wells and landing gear pivot points.
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The E.28/39 was a low-wing monoplane designed around the new jet engine. It was described as possessing a slightly tubby appearance as a result of a round fuselage. Due to the elimination of any risk that would have been posed by conventional propeller tips striking the ground, the E.28/39 could be outfitted with an unusually short undercarriage for the era. It had a retractable undercarriage which was actuated via a hydraulic accumulator, with a manually-operated hand-pump to serve as a backup.
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The bulge under the A330-200F nose corrects the inherent nose-down attitude of passenger versions. The A330-200F is an all-cargo derivative of the A330-200 capable of carrying over or up to . To overcome the standard A330's nose-down body angle on the ground, the A330F uses a revised nose undercarriage layout to provide a level deck during cargo loading. The normal A330-200 undercarriage is used, but its attachment points are lower in the fuselage, thus requiring a distinctive blister fairing on the nose to accommodate the retracted nose gear.
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Two separate hydraulic systems, one being power- operated and the other hand-operated, are present for the deployment and retraction of the undercarriage; in the event of both failing, pilots can release the retaining catches holding the undercarriage in place, deploying the wheels to the 'down' position using weight alone. A wide wheel-track was used to allow for considerable stability during ground movements and to enable tight turns to be performed.Flight 12 May 1938, pp. 471–472. The prototype and early production Hurricanes were fitted with a Watts two-bladed fixed-pitch wooden propeller.
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Towards the nose the fuselage flattened to accommodate the three four-cylinder blocks of its 340 kW (450 hp) W-12 Hispano-Suiza 12Gb engine, driving a low-set two-blade propeller with a large spinner. This was water-cooled, with under-wing radiators from the root to half span, assisted by a single ventral radiator just aft of the undercarriage. The fixed, tricycle undercarriage had unfaired single mainwheels on a single axle, attached by bungee cord to two flat, faired, tapered legs. These legs were cross-braced with streamlined stays.
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In 1931, Westland produced the PV-6, a private-venture development of its successful Wapiti. This updated aircraft embodied a number of improvements including a lengthened fuselage, brakes and wheel spats on the undercarriage and a new engine. By this time both the appearance and performance differed considerably from the standard Wapiti, so the company designated it the "PV6 Wallace." Compared with the earlier Wapiti, the Wallace was 20 inches (0.5 m) longer, incorporated an improved undercarriage and was powered by a 655 hp (488 kW) Bristol Pegasus IV engine.
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The Skytrader was a conventional high-wing, strut- braced monoplane with fixed tricycle undercarriage. The design was optimised for easy freight handling and featured a fuselage of rectangular cross-section with large loading doors to the side and a loading ramp at the rear. The aircraft's tail unit was angled upwards from the rear fuselage to facilitate loading operations beneath it, and the main undercarriage was fitted in sponsons on the fuselage sides so as not to intrude into the internal cargo volume. Passenger, freight, executive transport, and water-bomber versions were projected.
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A tricycle undercarriage is standard, with (usually) spatted mainwheels on spring cantilever legs mounted on the fuselage at the base of the wing struts plus a spatted, steerable nosewheel. The mainwheels have brakes operated by a central hand control. A conventional undercarriage is an option, with the mainwheel legs fuselage-mounted further forward, below the cabin doors, plus a carbon-and-steel tailwheel. A variety of engines have been fitted. Early models used a 26 kW (35 hp) Rotax 447 or Jabiru, or a (37 kW) 50 hp Rotax 503.
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The fighter's nine cylinder Gnome-Rhône 9Kbrs radial engine was neatly enclosed within a short cowling and drove a variable-pitch propeller, a novelty at the time. The Wib 313's fixed, conventional undercarriage was wide track, the mainwheels enclosed in fairings and attached to the wings by vertical, faired legs which were cross braced to the central fuselage underside. There was a small tailskid. A 7.7 mm (0.303 in) unsynchronised Darne machine gun in a shallow fairing was mounted outboard of each undercarriage leg, firing outside the propeller arc.
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Barnes 1988, p. 284. The wing centre section was inserted into the centre fuselage and the nacelle structure was an integral part of the ribs, to which the main undercarriage was attached. Transport joints were used on the fuselage and wings: this allowed sub-contractors to manufacture the Beaufort in easily transportable sections and was to be important when Australian production got under way. The Vickers main undercarriage units were similar to but larger than those of the Blenheim and used hydraulic retraction, with a cartridge operated emergency lowering system.
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Underslung loads can be attached directly to the fuselage by hydraulically operated clamps, or carried on a pallet lifted by the winch and braced by cables and/or struts to the undercarriage legs. The external sling system of the Mi-6, with a capacity of could also be fitted under the centre fuselage. The first prototype V-10 emerged with canted main undercarriage legs with single wheels on all four legs, as well as a retractable emergency escape chute extending below the cockpit and external auxiliary fuel tanks either side of the centre fuselage.
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Powered by ADC Cirrus II or III inline engine, Genet II radial, ABC Hornet or de Havilland Gipsy. 18 built. ;Widgeon IIIA :Variant of Widgeon III with metal fuselage and new undercarriage. Powered by Cirrus or Gipsy engine.
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This in turn went into receivership in 2002 and the assets were bought up by Bella Aviation. Bella Aviation ceased trading after Shadows were grounded by the CAA, as a result of an issue with the original undercarriage.
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CBS News, Questions abound over teen stowaway's "miracle" flight, April 21, 2014 In at least one instance, on July 31, 2013, a cat survived a flight from Athens to Zürich in the front undercarriage of an Airbus A321.
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By August 2009 35 kits had been sold, with 11 Tundras flying. About 23 have the tailwheel undercarriage and most, apart from the second prototype C-GAGH, retain the curved fin fillet of the first prototype C-GIPN.
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The Douglas design had gull wings mounted high on the aircraft's fuselage, the engines being suspended in streamlined nacelles under the wings by bracing struts. A retractable tailwheel undercarriage was fitted, the mainwheels retracting into the engine nacelles.
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The Ca.308 was a streamlined, low-wing cantilevered monoplane design of conventional configuration. Its undercarriage was not retractable. The mainwheels were fitted with spats. The prototype, designated Ca.306, was exhibited at the Milan Exhibition of 1935.
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These differed from the prototype in having more powerful () engines driving three-bladed Rotol variable-pitch propellers, discarding the wheel spats fitted to the undercarriage mainwheels in the prototype.Mason 1994, pp. 277–278.Barnes 1964, pp. 250–251.
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205 F/R-22: Franklin 6A-350C1 ;S.206: 6-seat version, never realized ;S.208: 5-seat version with a 260 hp engine and a retractable undercarriage ;S.208M: military version for the Italian Air Force ;S.
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The Kharkiv KhAI-3 had a fixed, tailwheel undercarriage. Its forward-mounted engine and propeller allowed a short tailwheel to provide a ground angle of attack of 15°, avoiding one of the problems encountered with the KhAI-4.
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The main undercarriage was manually retractable into an enclosed wheel well behind the cockpit. After the first flight on 21 July 1938, testing of the fs18a continued until 7 December 1938 when the fs18 crashed, killing pilot Ernst Scheible.
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In 2008 an original AA was found in Russia in derelict and heavily modified condition, with undercarriage and drivetrain from a GAZ-51 truck. It is now displayed, still in this condition, in the Louwman Museum in the Netherlands.
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1, 2 and 3 engines. An electrically operated hydraulic power pack (EHPP) could be used to operate the bomb doors and recharge the brake accumulators. A compressed air (later nitrogen) system was provided for emergency undercarriage lowering.Aircrew Manual pt.
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The wing structure was wood and was covered with fabric and plywood. The wings were able to be folded aft for storage or ground transport. The tailskid undercarriage was fixed. The pilot and three passengers had an enclosed cabin.
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In addition, there is a large window in the forward cockpit floor. There is a fixed, conventional undercarriage, with the mainwheels under glass fibre fairings on cantilever sprung steel legs. Hydraulic disc brakes are fitted. The tailwheel is steerable.
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The Auster AOP.9 was designed as a successor to the Auster AOP.6. Like its predecessor, it was a braced high-wing single engined monoplane with a fixed tailwheel undercarriage. Although having the same general appearance, the AOP.
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The wing used a thick airfoil. The pilot sat in an open cockpit above the wing while the passengers were carried in the enclosed fuselage below. The tailskid undercarriage featured large wheels mounted on each side of the fuselage.
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1999 ;BG-1 :Production version with enclosed cockpit and powered by a Pratt & Whitney R-1535-82 radial engine, 60 built. ;XB2G-1 :Developed version with retractable undercarriage and an enclosed bomb bay. One prototype only.Donald 1997, p.468.
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Originally the fs33 had an undercarriage constructed from carbon fiber composites with steel fittings to reduce weight, though this was later replaced with a steel one following the aircraft's crash. New winglets were built for the fs33 in 2016.
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Taylor 1988, p.82. The R.3140 is a single-engined, low-wing monoplane with a fixed nosewheel undercarriage. Its wings have a similar planform to the earlier wooden Robins such as the DR400, with tapered outer wing sections.
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The A 210 has a fixed tricycle undercarriage. Its mainwheels are fitted with hydraulic brakes and mounted on spring steel legs from the fuselage. The nosewheel has rubber suspension and is steerable; speed fairings are fitted on all wheels.
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The Technical Division of Imperial Army Headquarters made itself felt during the development of the Ki-87 prototype when they insisted upon placing the turbo-supercharger in the rear-fuselage, and from the sixth prototype the Nakajima fighter was to have that arrangement. The Ki-87 had a rearward folding undercarriage to accommodate the storage of ammunition for the cannons, which were mounted in the wing. Construction was delayed due to problems with the electrical undercarriage and the turbo-supercharger, and the first prototype was not completed until February 1945; it first flew in April, but only five test flights were completed, all with the undercarriage in the extended position. A further variant, the Ki-87-II, powered by a 3,000 hp Nakajima Ha217 (Ha-46) engine and with the turbo-supercharger in the same position as the P-47 Thunderbolt, never went further than the drawing board.
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The D.XII had a fixed conventional undercarriage of the single axle type, supported by V struts. There was a small tail skid. The first flight under Curtiss power was made on 21 August 1924. Flight testing followed, resulting in major modifications.
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A Sport is on display in the National Air and Space Museum in the USA. It is the one which took part in the "On to Dayton" race in 1924 and has a modified undercarriage with coupled wheels and skids.
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The tricycle undercarriage has wing mounted, faired main legs and wheels. The Twin-R appeared in public for the first time at the AERO Friedrichshafen 2010 show. It flew for the first time on 3 March 2011 piloted by Christian Briand.
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Despite significant effort toward developing this idea, and some performance advantages due to the removal of the undercarriage, it was found to be unnecessary; and following the introduction of angled flight decks, jets were operating from carriers by the mid-1950s.
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Dual controls and instrumentation included provision for blind flying. The undercarriage was fixed and unfaired, each mainwheel carried on a single exposed leg. The mainwheels had brakes and the tailwheel was steerable. The first prototype flew on 20 June 1952.
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Undercarriage parts were in particularly short supply. Milch ordered production to 350 Ju 87s per month in September 1942. This was not achievable due to the insufficient production capacity in the Reich. The RLM considered setting up production facilities in Slovakia.
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The Mosscraft MA.1 was designed and built in 1937 at the Moss Brothers Aircraft Ltd factory in Chorley, Lancashire, England. It was of wooden construction with fixed tail-wheel undercarriage and had two separate open cockpits, arranged in tandem.
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A Curtiss OXX engine drove the propeller via shaft and belts. The aircraft had a four-wheel undercarriage, with the front two wheels being steerable. The wings and tail could be detached for use as an automobile.Bowers 1979, p. 76.
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A total of 381 D.500s and its derivatives were built by the end of production. The design was further developed into the more capable Dewoitine D.520, which featured an enclosed cockpit and a retractable undercarriage, unlike its predecessor.
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49-59 kW (65-79 hp) Praga D flat four engine. The fastest Praga- engined Air Baby, with a maximum speed of 216 km/h (134 mph). Only two built. One flew for a while with a tricycle undercarriage. ;E.
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The fin was trapezoidal in profile and the rudder straight-edged, though with a rounded top. It extended to the keel. The tail surfaces were fabric covered metal structures. The MS.350 had a fixed tailskid undercarriage with a track of .
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The Kometa-Standard had a 110° butterfly tail, its plywood and fabric covered surfaces terminating, like the wings, in little salmon fairings. Its undercarriage was a fixed monowheel, fitted with a brake and assisted by a forward, rubber sprung skid.
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The V.1 had a fixed, conventional undercarriage with mainwheels on a single axle supported by two V-form pairs of struts, originally curved but straight by May 1917. There was a small tail skid mounted forward of the elevator.
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The Milan was designed by Messrs. Laboureix and Lagrevol as a two-seat side-by-side light utility aircraft. It was of all-wood construction with a fixed spatted tricycle undercarriage and had dual controls. Powered by a Regnier 4E.
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The memorial includes the nose undercarriage from the Amana."Amana memorial, Beverley Museum" (Virtual Tourist) Retrieved 22 September 2012 A memorial plaque was erected in the main street of Beverley on 26 June 2001, the fifty-first anniversary of the crash.
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Frost designed the Slingsby Hengist, a troop-carrying glider to be used for the Normandy landings. It was not a success and only a few were built but it included an ingenious innovation: the use of a rubber bag undercarriage.
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Re- registered D-BABY on 15 March 1958. Substantially damaged on 19 October 1961 when the port undercarriage collapsed on landing at Rhein-Main Air Base, Frankfurt. Sold on 14 August 1963 to Air Ferry and re-registered G-AOCH.
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The undercarriage was conventional, with wheels on a single axle mounted on a pair of V-struts to the fuselage. There was also a tail skid and a pair of smaller wheels mounted under the nose to avoid nose-overs.
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La Mouette had a steel tube tailskid undercarriage with a track of . The mainwheels, enclosed by fairings were on a split axle from the fuselage centre, joined through rubber shock absorbers to faired-in V-struts from the lower fuselage longerons.
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The IA 53 was a single-engine low-wing cantilever monoplane of conventional undercarriage configuration with fixed tailwheel. Accommodation for the pilot and a single passenger was provided under a broad bubble canopy. Two prototypes were constructed, but no production ensued.
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He dumped most of the fuel and returned, landing safely. It turned out that the wing oscillations were excited by a very stiff undercarriage suspension that transmitted ground forces into the wings, the motion of which damaged the aileron control runs.
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The aircraft immediately experienced undercarriage and tailskid failures, requiring redesign of those components.Robertson 1970, p. 127. The T.1 also required an enlarged rudder and offset vertical stabilizer to combat its tendency to swing to the right.Robertson 1970, p. 127.
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279 Only the control surfaces and the trailing edge of the wing behind the rear spar were fabric covered. The wing also carried trailing edge split flaps. The undercarriage was enclosed in trouser fairings and a cabin top could be fitted.
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Inevitably, this arrangement led to a very narrow track undercarriage. At the rear of the hull/central float was a combined water rudder/ tailskid. Stabilising floats with planing bottoms were fixed to the lower wing below the outermost interplane struts.
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The tailplane was mounted on top of the fuselage, with generous, split elevators. The Ikub had a fixed conventional undercarriage, with its wheels on a single axle mounted on short, steel tube V-struts. A central skid guarded against nose-overs.
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All current MAI-890 are powered by Rotax engines mounted in pusher configuration, the type depending on the aircraft variant and option. It has a short-legged, fixed tricycle undercarriage with cantilever main legs attached the boom behind the cabin.
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Two retractable main undercarriage legs were fitted with oleo- pneumatic shock-absorbers, medium pressure braked Dunlop wheels, as well as the non-retractable castoring Dowty tailwheel. Provision for fitting a retractable tailwheel undercarriage was also provided. Two engines were intended to be fitted to the welded steel tube engine nacelles but the prototype was fitted with two Walter Major 6 engines, with instruments fitted to the inner sides of the nacelles where they were clearly visible to the flight crew. Two fuel tanks of each were housed in the wings with oil tanks in the engine nacelles.
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During the ensuing flight test programme, K4190 was transferred to Fairey's factory in Hamble-le-Rice, Hampshire, where it received a twin-float undercarriage in place of its original land-only counterpart; on 10 November 1934, the first flight of K4190 in this new configuration was performed. Following successful water-handling trials, K4190 conducted a series of aircraft catapult and recovery tests aboard the battlecruiser HMS Repulse. K4190 was later restored to its wheeled undercarriage prior to an extensive evaluation process by the Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment at RAF Martlesham Heath.Stott 1971, pp. 22–23.
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Similarly the main undercarriage did not penetrate the main wing spar, designed so that when retracted only the wheel itself was inside the wing and the undercarriage struts were housed in a fairing below the wing. Thus the wing structure was lighter with the same overall strength. The rudder was constructed of a single panel reinforced with external ribs. An A4D Skyhawk with the rear fuselage removed and an engine being slid into place, Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni, Japan, 1959 The turbojet engine was accessed for service or replacement by removing the aft section of the fuselage and sliding out the engine.
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These essentially identical aircraft differed mainly in undercarriage design; the PA-33 had fully cantilevered oleo-pneumatic undercarriage legs and the PA-34 had strut mounted split axles with oleo-pneumatic shock-absorbers attached to the top fuselage longerons. The fuselage was constructed of welded steel tube with fabric covering and light alloy fairings. The 3-bladed folding rotor was mounted on a braced bi- pod with legs fore and aft of the front cockpit. The tail unit consisted of a very wide chord fin and rudder with a strut supported tail-plane sporting up- turned wing-tips.
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Due to the high angle needed at rotation, a small set of wheels was added aft to prevent tailstrikes. The main undercarriage units swing towards each other to be stowed but due to their great height also need to contract in length telescopically before swinging to clear each other when stowed.Brooklands Museum The four main wheel tyres on each bogie unit are inflated to . The twin-wheel nose undercarriage retracts forwards and its tyres are inflated to a pressure of , and the wheel assembly carries a spray deflector to prevent standing water being thrown up into the engine intakes.
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After a trailer accident during road transport in 1986, which destroyed the rear fuselage and tail-unit, a T-tail was fitted during repairs. A thicker aerofoil section was used for the vertical tail of this revised unit, a specially developed Wortmann FX-71 L 150/30 profile. The single retractable main undercarriage wheel is supported on a tall leg assembly which was originally built with electric actuation, but after a field landing with a flat battery caused a wheels-up landing a manual system was fitted. A rubber tail skid, capped with hardened steel, under the rear fuselage completes the undercarriage.
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By September Van Meel was flying a second, much modified version, a two- seater intended for military reconnaissance. This was bigger and had a rectangular cross-section nacelle stretching forward from the trailing edge well beyond of the leading edge, with the pilot at the front and an observer in tandem behind. The undercarriage was strengthened by replacing the single forward strut with a V to match the one at the rear. Later, this land undercarriage was replaced by floats, each attached by two pairs of struts fore and aft; in this form it was nicknamed the "Waterbrik".
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It featured a redesigned wing cellule with no stagger and an extra set of struts inboard, facilitating folding for stowage, a modified fuselage that carried emergency floatation gear, and main undercarriage that could be folded for stowage on the WB.IIIF. Later examples, designated WB.IIID could jettison their undercarriage for safer water landings. As many as one hundred were built, with small numbers deployed on various Royal Navy warships including the carriers , and seaplane tenders Nairana and Pegasus. Performance was less than the Sopwith Pup on which it had been based and it was largely superseded by the Sopwith 2F1 Ships Camel.
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A side view of the fuselage, showing a row of 19 landing gears distributed along the fuselage. The fuselage has a landing gear row underneath its left and right sides. Unlike the typical tricycle undercarriage of most airliners, the undercarriage arrangement for the Pelican distributes the aircraft's weight on ground over two rows of 19 inline landing gears, which are mounted on each side directly under the length of the fuselage. Each landing gear row contains dual-wheel retractable landing gears distributed over about in length, with an average center-to-center distance of between each inline landing gear.
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The Spitfires with the single-stage Merlin engines used five different wing types, Type A, B, C, D and E wings, which had the same dimensions and plan but different internal arrangements of armament and fuel tanks.Barbic 1996, pp. 165–167. All Mk Is, IIs, and Vs and their derivatives had small, rectangular undercarriage indicator pins which projected at an angle from the upper wing surfaces when the undercarriage legs were locked down, providing a positive mechanical indication that the landing gears were indeed down and locked, since the pilot could not see the landing gear for himself.Air Ministry 1940, p. 7.
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Meanwhile, Gort's daughter Charlotte (Elizabeth Seal) refuses to believe he was at fault. Gort's flying skills are again called into question when a piece of hedge is found wrapped around an undercarriage leg after an unusually low approach to Calcutta. However, it is later discovered that there is no hedge at the threshold of the Calcutta runway, and that the piece of hedge round the undercarriage had actually come from Ranjibad, where the take-off had been flown by Captain Clive Judd (Peter Cushing). Dallas eventually discovers that the aircraft's designer had deliberately withheld information on potential take-off difficulties in hot conditions.
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Early examples had a tail skid, while later ones had a tailwheel fitted. The redesign of the undercarriage, and numerous other details changes coincided with Brown's visit to Europe to arrange for the use of the Siemens-Halske engine and had not been approved by him. He considered them unnecessary, and the fight over these changes led to his departure from the company. The keel used to brace the undercarriage on the C3-3 and later models coincided with a deepening of the fuselage, with additional fairing strips added, including to the underside of the fuselage.
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Power was initially provided by a single Wolseley water-cooled inline engine chain-driving twin propellers. These were mounted in the space beneath the upper wing and their axles doubled as twin cylindrical booms connecting the fore and aft structures. When first flown at Eastchurch in early 1910, the fuselage was originally mounted on an undercarriage comprising two main wheels, a large tail wheel and twin auxiliary skids under the nose. Later modifications included removal of the side screens, structural lightening including a revised undercarriage and fitting of a more powerful Gnome air-cooled rotary engine with single engine- mounted propeller.
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The Robin DR500 concept first originated in the 1980s as the DR.400 NGL or Nouvelle Génération Large, but the idea was not resurrected until the late 1990s by the new owners of Robin Aircraft. It took its name from the HR.100/250TR Président of 1974. Known and marketed as the DR.500, it is actually an extension of the DR.400's type certificate, so is sometimes referenced in official documents as the DR400/500. It was intended to fill the niche between 180hp fixed undercarriage and 250hp retractable undercarriage aircraft, with 1500km range at cruise speeds of 260km/h (143kt).
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Because the wings and engine nacelles were too small to house a conventional undercarriage, the Il-54 used a bicycle undercarriage arrangement, with nose and main gear units on the centreline of the aircraft, at each end of the bomb bay. This arrangement meant a conventional rotating takeoff would be impossible. To enable the Il-54 to take off, in a reasonable runway length, the main gear knelt and the nose gear extended to give the ideal angle of incidence for takeoff (10 degrees). Flight trials of the Il-54 commenced in April 1955 with test pilot Vladimir Kokkinaki at the controls.
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The I-21 was an all-metal, low-wing, cantilever monoplane with retractable undercarriage and a closed cockpit. The wings were sharply tapered with straight trailing edges, which introduced sweepback on the leading edge. Two specially modified Mikulin AM-34RNF, (also written AM-34FRN), liquid-cooled V-12 engines provided the power via a non-reducing gearbox, which was used only to raise the thrust line, and enable the use of shorter undercarriage legs. Cooling for the first prototype's engine used an evaporative system which dispensed with radiators and used condensers built into the surface of the wing centre section.
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The TriStar's port outer wing structure struck the ground first, followed by the No. 1 engine and the port main undercarriage. The disintegration of the aircraft that followed scattered wreckage over an area long and wide in a southwesterly direction. Only small fragments of metal marked the wingtip's first contact, followed further on by three massive swaths cut through the mud and sawgrass by the aircraft's extended undercarriage before two of the legs were sheared off. Then came scattered parts from the No. 1 (port) engine, and fragments from the port wing itself and the port tailplane.
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The Lachassagne AL 3 was the first French monoplane to have wings with in-flight adjustable camber. The idea was to provide a high camber, high lift airfoil at low speed and a lower camber, lower drag section at high speeds, increasing the speed range of the aircraft. The AL 3 first flew late in 1926 and only survived a short period of testing before its old and fragile undercarriage collapsed whilst landing, badly damaging it. Nonetheless, enough had been learned to encourage Lachassagne to build a new, improved version incorporating, amongst other things, a stronger undercarriage and a more modern engine.
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Another aspect of the new design was the extensive use of electrically powered equipment instead of the hydraulic systems used by most aircraft manufacturers of the time. On the first two prototypes, the main landing gear was hydraulic. Starting with the third prototype, the undercarriage was operated by push buttons controlling electric motors in the wings, and was kept in position by electric up and down-locks.Stephenson, Robert and E. Brown Ryle III. "Fw 190 Undercarriage." HyperScale—An Online Magazine for Aircraft and Armour Modellers, 2003. Retrieved: 14 February 2008. The armament was also loaded and fired electrically.
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The two side-by-side seats were enclosed by a long, wide two piece canopy. The main undercarriage legs of the Pa.60 Arbalète were located near the wing leading edge, immediately under the fins. After the cooling problems and some issues concerning the undercarriage had been resolved, the same aircraft flew as the Pa.61B Arbalète but proved to be underpowered with the Hirth engine. As a result, a new machine, the Pa.61F Arbalète II, was built, powered by a Lycoming O-360 air-cooled flat-four engine with side air intakes on the semi-monocoque, circular cross-section fuselage.
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The rudder area was large compared to that of the fin and a braced tailplane was placed on top of the rear fuselage. The main undercarriage was a robust split-axle construction with the legs joining the wings at the bottom of the X-form centre-section struts. Braced stub axles carried the arrester claws required by the longitudinal arrester wires of Royal Navy aircraft carriers up to 1926. The undercarriage assembly was designed so that it could be easily removed with the aircraft on trestles, and replaced with a pair of aluminium single-step, V-bottomed round-topped floats.
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The Midget was powered by an air-cooled 32 hp (24 kW) Bristol Cherub on a steel tube mounting and cowled with its cylinders protruding. Each mainwheel of the conventional undercarriage was located on a V-form pair of struts joined to the lower longeron at the base of the lift struts, the rear member passing through the lower wing. The two wheels and bungee shock absorbers were mounted on a single axle with an inverted V-strut from its ends to the fuselage central girder. All the undercarriage struts, like the wing struts, were of steel with balsa fairings.
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In 1931, work began on a replacement for Stinson's SM-8 Junior four-seat light aircraft. The new design, the Model R, while based on the SM-8, had a shorter fuselage and a revised cabin. While the aircraft's undercarriage retained the basic tailwheel undercarriage layout of the SM-8, the split-axle mainwheels of the earlier aircraft were replaced by a semi- cantilever design, in which the mainwheels and shock-absorber units were enclosed in streamlined fairings attached to a short stub wing, which was also used to carry wing bracing struts.Aviation March 1932 p.148.
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It was powered by two 179 kW (240 hp) Argus As 10 and had a retractable tailwheel undercarriage. The first prototype made its maiden flight in mid-1935, soon being followed by a second aircraft, similar to the first. A third prototype, with a deeper fuselage allowing an additional passenger to be carried, more powerful engines and a revised undercarriage, formed the basis for the planned Ao 192B civil transport, with versions planned to serve as light transports, ambulance aircraft and survey aircraft. In addition, a number of military variants were proposed, including a light reconnaissance aircraft and a light bomber.
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The undercarriage is a retractable nosewheel undercarriage, while double-slotted trailing edge flaps are fitted to the wings.Postlethwaite 1989, p. 30. Unlike previous Soviet airliners, which had a large flight crew, the Il-114 is flown by a crew of two, who are provided with electronic flight instruments.Postlethwaite 1990, p. 104. Up to 64 passengers are accommodated in the aircraft's cabin, with passengers' baggage carried in compartments at the front and rear of the cabin, rather than under the cabin floor.Postlethwaite 1990, p. 107. The first prototype made its maiden flight from Zhukovsky Airfield on 29 March 1990.Jackson 2003, p. 368.
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Designed as a manned version of the Fi 157 radio-controlled drone, the Fi 158 was a low-winged monoplane built largely of wood, with retractable tailwheel undercarriage and twin fins and rudders, with the crew sat in tandem in an enclosed cabin.
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The Super Sky Cycle is a pusher gyroplane with tricycle undercarriage and belt drive propulsion. A second two cycle engine drives the main wheels. A kevlar tail provides directional control in flight. The rotors are able to be folded for road travel.
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1 built. Cantilever monoplane hang-glider with undercarriage skids, intended for the 1921 Rhön competitions but not flown there. The pilot was supported at the extreme nose of the fuselage which terminated at the wing leading edge. Akaflieg Darmstadt D-3 Nolleputzchen.
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The cabin is configured to use two aisles, with a seating row containing two seats each between an aisle and the adjacent windows/cabin walls, and two seats between the two aisles. The undercarriage can store seven LD3-46 unit load devices.
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The FBT-2 was a low-wing cantilever monoplane with fixed tailwheel undercarriage which seated the pilot and instructor in tandem in an enclosed cockpit. Construction throughout was of plywood, and the wings were interchangeable, as were the tail panels.Jane's 1956, p.280.
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The PC.100 was developed two years later into the PC.500, which used a wing of similar planform but mounted on a more robust fuselage pod with a wheeled undercarriage. He also designed a powered aircraft in 1935 with this planform.
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56 have been registered in France and at least one in Spain. In the UK 8 examples have had Permits to Fly. Others remain under construction. The only HN 701 to appear on the French register, F-PLMT, has a tricycle undercarriage.
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The starboard elevator has a trim tab. The undercarriage is fixed and conventional, with brakeable mainwheels on faired- in V-struts hinged to the lower fuselage longerons, with bungee-sprung half axles mounted on a central compression frame. There is a solid tailwheel.
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The 2-bladed rotor, mounted on a mast above the pod, is of composite construction. The open cockpits are fitted with dual controls. The M-16 has a tricycle undercarriage with the faired mainwheels on spring cantilever legs. The steerable nosewheel is unfaired.
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16, Column E. In September 1938, Horatius suffered damage to its port undercarriage and lower port wing in a forced landing at Lympne. The aircraft was repaired and returned to service.Collyer, David G. "Section Three, Visitors 1919–1939." Lympne Airport in Old Photographs.
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In 1947 SNCASO built two similar light aircraft both carrying the name Deauville. The first, the S.O.7050 which flew on 11 June had a tricycle undercarriage.Gaillard (1990) p.66 The second, the S.O.7055 flew on 1 July with a tailwheel undercarriage.
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4h :Powered by a de Havilland Gipsy III, 4-cylinder in-line engine, nominal power, with rounded tailfin and modified undercarriage introduced on late BM-4a aircraft. : or a Walter Junior 4, 4-cylinder in-linet engine, take-off power, nominal power.
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The Duverne-Saran had a triangular fin and rectangular balanced rudder. It had a fixed tailskid undercarriage with mainwheels on faired half-axles from the bottom of the fuselage, with short, faired, rubber ring shock absorbers from the outer lower engine mounts.
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It is a mid- wing monoplane with its wings, which have an Eppler E603 profile, swept forward at 2.5°. Airbrakes extend from the upper wing surfaces only. It has a T-tail and a standard, fixed glider monowheel undercarriage with a tailwheel.
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Jones, L.; US Fighters, Aero, 1975. The undercarriage was a tricycle arrangement, with the main wheels retracting into the tailbooms. Propulsion was to be provided by the experimental Continental XIV-1430-3 inverted V-12 engine.Jenkins, Dennis R. and Tony R. Landis.
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An improved variant, the TST-10MB was released in spring 2008. It differences from the original TST-10M in having a retractable undercarriage, automatic connection of controls for wing to fuselage assembly, a new seat shape, a larger fuel tank and optimized winglets.
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On 5 September, Lock flew as Red 2, positioned behind and protecting the Squadron's Leader. He shot down two Heinkel He 111s over the Thames Estuary. One of his victims crashed into a river, the other caught fire and its undercarriage fell down.
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Two people were injured. A witness said that the aircraft's undercarriage did not appear to be fully down as it came in to land. The head of Khuzestan Province's aviation authority stated that the aircraft landed long on the runway, causing the overrun.
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It was a conventional parasol-wing monoplane with fixed tailskid undercarriage, the main units of which were mounted on outriggers attached to the wing struts. The pilot and instructor sat in tandem open cockpits. The LH.30 was of wood and metal construction.
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It was a conventional parasol-wing monoplane with fixed tailskid undercarriage, the main units of which were mounted on outriggers attached to the wing struts. The pilot and instructor sat in tandem open cockpits. The LH.60 was of wood and metal construction.
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The Chittaranjan Locomotive Works in Chittaranjan makes electric locomotives. The Diesel Locomotive Works in Varanasi makes diesel locomotives. The Integral Coach Factory in Perambur, Chennai makes integral coaches. These have a monocoque construction, and the floor is an integral unit with the undercarriage.
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3 would have had twin fins and a trousered fixed tail-wheel undercarriage. Armament would have included 3 machine-guns and up to of bombs. After the PZL.3 was rejected Zalewski left PZL and refused to work on Government sponsored projects thereafter.
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Kinsey, G Boulton & Paul Aircraft 1992 Terence Dalton p41 The first prototype was written off due to undercarriage failure and the trials were completed with the second. The "engine room" concept did not catch on but all-metal airframes served later aircraft well.
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In 2007 a D344 EZF lorry arrived with success on the Budapest-Bamako Rally in the touring category. In 2009 a D420 fire-engine body built on a D344 undercarriage lorry arrived with success on the Budapest-Bamako Rally in the touring category.
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37 machine guns fitted in a kołyska (, typically called a gondola in English). The rear gunner sat in a fuselage turret with a 20mm cannon or four 7.92 mm PWU wz.37 machine guns. The main undercarriage retracted into the engine nacelles.
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The inventors hoped that the Ariel would achieve a speed of 50 mph, and carry 10–12 passengers up to .HistoryNet.com, William Henson and John Stringfellow The plan was to launch it from an inclined ramp. The undercarriage was a 3-wheel design.
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The undercarriage is a retractable tricycle arrangement. Seats are fitted for a pilot and five passengers, with the option of replacing the passengers by 450 kg (990 kg) of cargo.Gunston and Gordon 1997, p. 211.Gordon, Komissarov and Komissarov 2005, p. 324.
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Navy designation Navy Type 10-2 Carrier Fighter. ;1MF5 :Minor changes. Navy designation Navy Type 10-2 Carrier Fighter. ;1MF5A :Carrier trainer version with jettisonable wheeled undercarriage and floats under wings to allow safe ditching. Navy designation Navy Type 10-2 Carrier Fighter.
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The Aero 45 had a sleek, teardrop-shaped fuselage, with a rounded, extensively-glazed nose affording excellent visibility. It had a low wing on which the engine nacelles were mounted, and a conventional tail. The main undercarriage was retractable but the tailwheel was fixed.
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The Kestrel K-350 prototype N352F exhibited at the 2008 Farnborough International Air Show. It was then still referred to in marketing material as the Farnborough Aircraft Kestrel F1. The aircraft's layout is low-wing with a conventional tail. The tricycle undercarriage is fully retractable.
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Due to the ducted fan, the aircraft is exceptionally quiet. The aircraft has a fixed tricycle undercarriage with the nosewheel offset to the left. The wings are unswept and untapered. The aircraft is of fairly standard all-metal construction, with stressed skin of aluminium.
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The '80% scale' refers only to the fuselage that was lengthened to 80% of the original MK5 Spitfire. The same wing was used from the 75% scale aircraft, resulting in a wingspan and undercarriage height identical to the original 75% scale aircraft. ;MK26b :Improved MK26.
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There is a fixed, conventional undercarriage with main wheels fitted with mechanical brakes, enclosed in speed fairings and mounted on wire braced, faired, light-alloy legs. The tail wheel is mounted on a long, shallowly inclined leg which reaches back to the elevator trailing edge.
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The cockpit was open. A combination of a single, short, fuselage-mounted skid and integral tail bumper served as an undercarriage. The Cambridge first flew on 1 December 1935. A second aircraft, known as the Cambridge 2, was a little lighter and had larger ailerons.
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It was a conventional low-wing monoplane with twin engines mounted on the wings, similar in appearance to the Douglas DC-2. The main units of the tailwheel undercarriage retracted into the engine nacelles, leaving their wheels partially exposed. The cabin seated 18 passengers.
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Dual controls are fitted. The undercarriage is of the split axle type, with the faired main legs attached to the fuselage forward of the wings and braced by rearward struts. It uses low pressure tyres and rubber in compression springing. A tailwheel is fitted.
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Charles Vivian, E., A History of Aeronautics pt.3, ch.V. Retrieved on 28 March 2009. and the armament consisted of bombs carried in frames suspended about the centre of the undercarriage and a Lewis Gun mounted on a post adjacent to the pilot's seat.
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Two 30 mm (1.18 in) MK 108 cannon were mounted in the wing roots. There was no conventional undercarriage. A twin-wheeled dolly was used for take-off and dropped once the glider was airborne. A skid under the nose was lowered for landing.
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The fixed undercarriage legs could be jettisoned in the event of ditching.Winchester 2005, p. 47. The weapons bay was 14 ft long and 3 ft wide. By omitting the rotating radar scanner it could be extended to 17 ft in order to carry longer weapons.
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The undercarriage was complex, comprising a narrow-track pair of sprung wheels with wingtip skids. It featured undamped, opposing springing and an elaborate anti-noseover skid.Flight 15 September 1913 pp.1241–5 The Green engine was later replaced by an 7-cylinder Gnome rotary engine.
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Steel was to be used extensively throughout its construction, with wooden control surfaces.Pohlmann 1982. The main undercarriage comprised three identical retractable units just behind each engine and retracting up underneath the main fuel tanks. A single relatively large tailwheel retracted up behind the cockpit.
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23, was only one of several proposals to be produced; alternatives included the PWS.19, a high- wing monoplane, and the Lublin R.XVII, a clean twin-seat biplane with a retractable undercarriage. During late 1931, the Aviation Department decided to opt for the PZL submission.
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It had a fixed, conventional undercarriage. Fuel was carried, Moth style, in a streamlined tank on the centre section of the upper wing. It first flew in late 1928, piloted by Domenico Antonini, at Milan- Taliedo. Ca.100s were powered by a variety of engines.
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Upon touchdown, the aircraft rolled off the runway. The aircraft slid into a ditch. The undercarriage was destroyed by the impact and the fuselage split. After the crash, the inside of the aircraft caught fire, but all the occupants were able to evacuate the aircraft.
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Willy Messerschmitt designed the small aircraft with a cockpit placed far back along the fuselage just in front of its unique cross-shaped tail section. Unlike the Bf 109, the Me 209 featured a wide track, inwardly- retracting undercarriage mounted in the wing section.
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Re-registered D-BARI on 2 April 1958. Sold on 15 April 1958 to Balair and re-registered HB-AAN. During 1958 it was leased to the United Nations. On 3 September 1960, the starboard undercarriage failed to retract on take-off from Southend.
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Zmaj AircraftZmaj aircraft company One further development was the Spartan Cruiser III, with an aerodynamically-refined fuselage accommodating eight passengers, a modified windscreen and a trousered main undercarriage. Only three Cruiser IIIs were built (G-ACYK, G-ADEL and G-ADEM), for Spartan Air Lines.
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It was a high-wing cantilever monoplane of short- coupled design with fixed tailwheel undercarriage. Construction was a plywood- covered wooden structure throughout. The variable-incidence horizontal stabiliser was fitted with small endplates to provide extra directional stability but there were no separate elevators.
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The undercarriage would be jettisoned on take off since the aircraft was not expected to return. The prototype had begun construction, but was still incomplete, when the war ended. ; D5Y1 Myojo Kai (Navy Special Attacker Myojo Kai) : Production designation given to the D3Y2-K.
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Transport Canada awarded certification in March 1992, and the first production 230 was delivered that November. The 230 had optional skid or wheel undercarriage. Production ended in 1995 with 38 having been built, being replaced in Bell's lineup by the stretched, more powerful Bell 430.
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Wolff crash landed his aircraft on the Courtrai railway line. The crash ripped off the undercarriage and flipped the aircraft over. The wreck came to rest with Wolff's head within inches of smashing on a metal fence. His rescuers toted him off to hospital.
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The Régnier 12 had a wide track, conventional undercarriage. Each mainwheel was at the end of a vertical oleo strut mounted on the forward wing spar, together with a rearward drag strut to the lower fuselage longeron. Its steel tailskid had two coil springs.
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Each mainwheel was mounted on a V-strut hinged on the lower fuselage frame with a single, shock absorbing oleo landing leg to the upper frame. Undercarriage legs and struts were enclosed in dural fairings. There was a steel-shod, castoring, rubber cord sprung tailskid.
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A memorial, which consists of the aircraft's engines, wings and undercarriage, was erected near the crash site in 2004. It was dedicated at a special ceremony on 26 April 2004.(23 April 2004) Memorial to honour war crash victims, ABC News. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
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The unbalanced rudder was full and rounded. The Touroplane had a fixed, conventional undercarriage with a track of . Its mainwheels, fitted with brakes, were on split axles from the central fuselage underside. Oleo strut legs and drag struts were mounted on the lower longerons.
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This had an enclosed cabin with large side and upper glazing panels, inboard Ksoll slotted, camber-changing flaps and independent, faired undercarriage legs. It was powered by a Argus As 8 air-cooled, four cylinder, inverted inline engine and had a maximum speed about .
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96 built. Resurrected as the Champion 7EC in 1955. ;Aeronca 7ECS Champion :The 7ECS (akaS7EC) was the float-plane version of the 7EC with a ventral fin and floats. ;Aeronca 7FC Tri-Traveller :(1949) A single prototype of a 7EC fitted with a Tricycle undercarriage.
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Successive models saw other improvements, such as revised glazing, newer engines, undercarriage strengthening, and increased take-off weight. The final wartime model to be developed, designated Ju 52/3mg14e, featured improved armour protection for the pilot and a bolstered defensive armament.Smith 1966, pp. 6-7.
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The tailplane was fixed, carrying elevators fitted with Háhnle trim tabs. Its single seat cockpit was enclosed by a single-piece, forward hinged canopy. It landed on a retractable, unsprung, monowheel undercarriage aided by a tail bumper. The mainwheel had a foot-operated brake.
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The C.220 had a triangular fin and an unbalanced rudder with straight, parallel side and rounded top and bottom. The horizontal tail was fixed to the upper fuselage longerons. There was a fixed, tail wheel undercarriage. The C.220 first flew in 1929.
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The direct debt is not mentioned in the descriptions excerpted at flyingmachines.ru. Designed by D.P. Grigorovich, this retained only the Salmson and the basic layout of the HF.30, with a modified cockpit, shorter tail and staggered wings of equal length, plus a specialized undercarriage.
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Mark is back on familiar ground as he fits brakes, wheels and undercarriage to his aeroplane, Martin Dovey introduces us to his vintage kit plane, the Kit Fox, and it is the turn of navigation to further perplex Mark as he continues his flying lessons.
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This version introduced the uprated 492 kW (660 shp) Arriel 1C turboshafts, a retractable tricycle undercarriage, enlarged tail surfaces, and revised transmission, main rotor, rotor mast fairing and engine cowlings. The aircraft's initial M.T.O.W. of was later raised to . Deliveries of the production model began in 1982. ;SA 365 N1 :Incorporating many of the improvements developed for the SA 366 G1 (HH-65 Dolphin), this version introduced upgraded 526 kW (705 shp) Arriel 1C1 turboshafts, an improved 11-blade Fenestron with wider-chord blades (which reduced the AS365 N1's noise signature), movable undercarriage doors replaced by simplified fairings and a higher gross weight of .
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The wing bracing had also changed: originally a bracing wire ran from the rear undercarriage structure upwards and outwards, via the lower to the upper wing. This was replaced by a single, wide chord rigid strut with an aerofoil section and widened at its roots. The closely cowled radial engine set the diameter of the H.26's short nose and drove a two blade propeller behind a very large diameter domed spinner. The Salmson was initially cooled with a semi-circular Botali radiator to the rear of the engine but this proved ineffective and was replaced with a pair of Chaussons, one on each forward undercarriage leg.
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The Ju 87's principal designer, Hermann Pohlmann, held the opinion that any dive-bomber design needed to be simple and robust. This led to many technical innovations, such as the retractable undercarriage being discarded in favour of one of the Stuka's distinctive features, its fixed and "spatted" undercarriage. Pohlmann continued to carry on developing and adding to his ideas and those of Dipl Ing Karl Plauth (Plauth was killed in a flying accident in November 1927), and produced the Ju A 48 which underwent testing on 29 September 1928. The military version of the Ju A 48 was designated the Ju K 47.
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The BMW was cooled with Lamblin cylindrical radiators placed between the undercarriage legs, though a diagram shows it with narrow, fuselage-hugging (cheek) radiators. The oval cross-section fuselage tapered rearwards behind the cockpit to a straight tapered tailplane and divided elevators with a cutout for rudder movement; the latter was mounted on a circular-edged fin and had its bottom cropped for elevator clearance. The Š-3 had a fixed, single-axle conventional undercarriage, with mainwheels on cross-braced V-struts. The first prototype was destroyed late in 1921 by a factory fire before its first flight, but the second flew early the next year.
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Closeup of the He 177 A's portside twin- strut main landing gear, also showing details of the "welded-together engines'" tight engine installation from the ventral side of the cowling. During development, the anticipated weight of the He 177 increased so much that a main undercarriage design sufficient to handle the loaded weight, was difficult to achieve. The engine nacelles and wings had little room for the main undercarriage members, which needed to be longer than usual, for ground clearance for the large diameter four-blade counter-rotating propellers. After several extremely complex arrangements had been considered during initial design, a novel system was adopted.
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The JC-01 and its variants were designed as conventional two-seat side by side light aircraft that could be built from plans by amateurs. The different models are chiefly distinguished by engine choice, though undercarriage configurations vary and there are slight alterations to the vertical surfaces. The J-01 and the J-2 have identical spans, wing areas and lengths, though the J-2, with a 90 hp rather than 65 hp engine and a tricycle rather than conventional undercarriage weighs more: empty, the J-01 weighs 330 kg (728 lb), the J-2 500 kg (1,103 lb). The J-2 has a constant chord, one piece low wing.
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The turboprop engine also caused less airframe vibration so that the pilot could be sat directly over it with the absence of a piston engine ignition system which would have interfered with the radar scanner mounted below the engine housing.Keith-Lucas 1956, p. 81. For simplicity, and so that a nosewheel would not obscure the forward field of the radar scanner, a fixed tailwheel undercarriage was used. The long stroke necessary on the main undercarriage to allow for heavy deck landings while giving the radar scanner and propeller adequate clearance from the ground resulted in an alarming attitude on the ground and the cockpits mounted at a seemingly perilous height.
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Although the Potez A-4 was unsuccessful, its configuration produced the high power line and low centre of gravity of later inverted inline engines, allowing a shorter undercarriage, easier access to the cockpits and a better forward view over a shorter, lower nose than its inline contemporaries. The high propeller shaft also allowed a shorter undercarriage; a four-wheeled unit protected the propeller tips from contact with the ground. The A-4 engined Potez VIII first flew on 19 April 1920. When its engine was recognised as a failure the A-4 was replaced by a six-cylinder Anzani radial engine, mounted uncowled in the nose.
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Following closely the design characteristics of the Couzinet Arc en Ciel and other Couzinet tri-motor transport aircraft, the Couzinet 30 was a low-wing cantilever monoplane with fixed spatted undercarriage, three engines mounted on the fuselage nose and in wing nacelles, as well as the characteristic up-swept fuselage, common to most of Couzinet's designs. Intended primarily as a mailplane the Couzinet 30 could also be fitted with three or four passenger seats in the cabin. Built of wood, with metal fittings the Couzinet 30 had a fixed tail-wheel undercarriage which could be fitted with spats throughout. Control was by conventional controls with ailerons, elevator and rudder.
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Design work on the DHA-3 began in 1946 after DHA identified a need to replace the de Havilland Dragon biplane then in widespread use in Australia. Although the British parent company's Dove was being produced at the same time, DHA saw that the Dove was not entirely suitable for Australian conditions. Using the Dove as a starting point, DHA designed an aircraft with three four-cylinder Gipsy Major engines instead of the Dove's two Gipsy Queen six-cylinder engines and a fixed tailwheel undercarriage instead of the Dove's retractable tricycle undercarriage. Like the Dove the DHA-3 was sized to carry 8 to 9 passengers with a single pilot.
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Though designed for a floatplane role, the 440 could and did fly as a landplane. In that configuration the main undercarriage leg replaced the forward of the two float struts and the axle was linked to the lower fuselage by a V form pair of radius struts. In both configurations, the offensive armament of torpedoes or bombs was carried on the fuselage underside, between the undercarriage legs. The date of the first flight is uncertain, but the first of the two 440s was delivered to the CEPA (Centre d'Expérimentation Pratique de l'Aviation Navale) at St-Raphael on 22 September 1931 and the second that December.
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The radio operator and navigator sat behind, with the bomb aimer's position further aft. Long side windows stretched rearwards from the cockpit almost to the end of the cabin, which was about halfway between the trailing edge and the tail. The undercarriage was intended to be robust enough for rough field operation: long travel Messier oleo legs ran upwards in front of the lower leading edge to the start of the boom, forming a split axle undercarriage bearing large wheels with their centres (when parked) not far below the fuselage floor. A tailwheel was mounted under a fairing at the extreme rear of the cabin.
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The MB.210 derived from the MB.200 and differs in particular by having its cantilever wing set at the bottom of the fuselage, and in having a retractable undercarriage. Developed as a private venture, the prototype MB.210 accomplished its first flight on 23 November 1934, powered by two 596 kW (800 hp) Gnome-Rhône 14Kdrs / Gnome-Rhône 14Kgrs air-cooled radial engines and having a fixed undercarriage.Green 1967, p.124. This was followed by a second prototype, the MB.211 Verdun, powered by 641 kW (860 hp) Hispano-Suiza 12Y V-12 liquid-cooled inlines and fitted with a retractable undercarriage, this flying on 29 August 1935.
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The late 1950s saw a great leap in capability for the Chinese aviation industry with a wealth of indigenously designed aircraft projects, one of which was the Capital-1. The Capital-1 bore a close resemblance to the contemporary Antonov An-14 Ptchelka, being twin-engined, twin-tailed with strut supported monoplane wings and fixed tricycle undercarriage, stub lower wing bracing the undercarriage and wing strutsand a podlike fuselage terminating in a boom carrying the tail-unit. Powered by two M-11FR engines in helmeted cowlings, the Capital-1 had a mediocre performance with relatively short range and limited payload. Production of the aircraft was not continued past the prototype stage.
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At its root, the wing merged gently into the fuselage with small air intakes for the 1.47 kN (330 lbf) Turbomeca Palas engine built into the leading edge. The cockpit was placed just aft of the intakes and the long straight-edged fin, swept at about 75° and initially as wide as the cockpit, began immediately behind it, narrowing to a slightly swept trailing edge carrying a full depth rudder. Images recorded before the first flight show the Katy with a low bicycle undercarriage with wing tip skids but, by the time of the flight itself, this was replaced by a fixed, un-faired tricycle undercarriage.
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The forward and central sections of the fuselage were formed from a riveted light alloy girder frame with a metal skin. The centre section contained the fuel tank, which was an integral part of the structure supporting the seats and also, indirectly, the main wheel legs of the conventional, tail wheel undercarriage. Short, horizontal aerofoiled extensions from the front of the tank positioned these short, vertical legs safely beyond the cabin and tank, at the same time increasing the undercarriage track. The two occupants sat side by side under the wing leading edge with dual control columns unusually suspended from the roof for ease of access.
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The Tudor was a low-wing cantilever monoplane with four engines, a single fin and rudder and a retractable tailwheel undercarriage (in its original configurations). The wing was of NACA 23018 section at the root, and was a five-piece, all-metal, twin-spar structure. The untapered centre section carried the inboard engines and main undercarriage, while the inner and outer sections were tapered on their leading and trailing edges, with the inner sections carrying the outboard engines. The ailerons were fitted with trim and balance tabs, and there were hydraulically operated split flaps in three sections on each side of the trailing edges of the centre section and inner wings.
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The Hamilcar was fitted with tailwheel landing gear, with oleo-pneumatic shock absorbers that could be deflated to bring the fuselage nose down for loading or unloading purposes.Lloyd 1982, p. 65. A jettisonable undercarriage was initially designed for the glider, as it was discovered that it travelled for a shorter distance when it landed only on its skids. However, this was eventually replaced with a fixed undercarriage – the same as had been designed for ferrying operations – as pilots found that they preferred to land on wheels because of the extra control it gave them and the ability to avoid other gliders and potential collisions in the landing area.
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It had a tailwheel undercarriage that could be replaced by two floats. Although designed to use engines of up to 400 hp (298 kW), the prototypes were fitted with a much less powerful surplus Bentley BR2 rotary engine.Barnes 1976, pp.230-232.Mason 1992, p.170.
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The tailplane was far enough forward that trailing edges of the elevators were ahead of the rudder hinge. The G-20 had a tailwheel undercarriage. Its main wheels, mounted on slender cantilever legs, were enclosed in large, deep spats. It flew for the first time in 1935.
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During the evolution of the design the drag polar will be refined. A particular aircraft may have different polar plots even at the same and values, depending for example on whether undercarriage and flaps are deployed. Drag polar for light aircraft. = 0.017, K = 0.075 and = 0.1.
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The aircraft was operating a domestic non-scheduled passenger flight to Grabtsevo Airport, Kaluga. Two of the five people on board died. ;23 July :Fuerza Aérea Salvadoreña Basler BT-67 FAS117 was substantially damaged when the undercarriage collapsed on landing at El Jaguey in El Salvador.
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The cabin and cabin doors are wider than on earlier Tecnam high-wing aircraft. Its fixed tricycle undercarriage has spring cantilever main legs and a castoring, non-steerable nosewheel on a compressed rubber suspension. Ground steering is achieved by differential braking. All wheels have speed fairings.
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Undercarriage consisted of two main floats under the wing the a further tail float.Uppendaun 2004, p. 69.Flight 24 July 1919, pp. 974–975. The prototype Sage Type 4a (serial number N.116Bruce 1957, p. 468.) first flew on 3 July 1917.Bruce 1957, p. 465.
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Constructed of composite materials, it is a conventional high-wing braced monoplane with fixed tricycle undercarriage. The pilot and passenger sit in side-by-side configuration. Construction is of fibreglass and vinylester sandwich, which results in a low empty weight of . The aircraft features folding wings.
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At the undercarriage was lowered, which again took 30 to 40 seconds. Flaps were lowered to their start position at and fully deployed at . The tail had to be trimmed to 4 degrees incidence (tail heavy). Final approach was made at and touchdown occurred at about .
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The fixed conventional undercarriage had pairs of mainwheels mounted under each outer engine and a tailskid on each boom. It also had a substantial nosewheel, mounted on the nacelle, to protect the L.I from damaging noseovers. Three L.Is were built but the type was not used operationally.
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In July 1943, the Me 261 V3's hydraulics failed on landing and the port undercarriage leg collapsed. The V3 was transported to Oranienburg for repairs, and after that used on a few long-range missions for the Luftwaffes reconnaissance division. Its ultimate fate is unknown.
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The I.Ae.34 Ms did not distinguish themselves in the competition, which was dominated by the Slingsby Skys, failing to finish in the top twelve.Flight 25 July 1952 p.87 S.I.G.C. 1952 final results table Both suffered landing damage in practice, attributed to their "long undercarriage".
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As of 2013 Fritz Unger in Germany is developing a jetpack called Skyflash with rigid wings about wingspan and two turbojets designed to run on diesel fuel. It is designed for takeoff from the ground using four undercarriage wheels on the front of his chest and abdomen.
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The original specification dispensed with a traditional undercarriage but it was later decided to fit the aircraft with detachable twin floats to increase its versatility. If conditions permitted, these would allow the aircraft to alight next to the submarine, be recovered by crane and then re-used.
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B-52 aircraft. Thin skin panels buckle at very low loads. In the case shown here, the weight of the forward fuselage structure ahead of the nose undercarriage is sufficient to cause the panels to buckle. Buckled panels are still effective in carrying shear by diagonal tension.
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The main undercarriage retracted into engine nacelles. The aircraft was powered by two Bristol Pegasus VIII radial engines, normal power: 670 hp (500 kW), take-off power: 680 hp (520 kW). Bombs were carried in a bomb bay in the fuselage, the maximum load was 660 kg.
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The aircraft was conventional in layout, with a low mounted, plywood-covered wooden cantilever wing. The fuselage was of semi- monocoque construction. The undercarriage retracted into the wings. The crew consisted a pilot and an observer/rear gunner in a turret with a single machine gun.
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Jeff launches Scott and Brains in Thunderbird 1 and Virgil, Alan and Gordon in Thunderbird 2. Craigsville is evacuated. Lifted into Zero-Xs undercarriage, Alan repairs the escape circuit under Brains' guidance. Seconds before impact, Alan completes his task and jumps out as the astronauts eject.
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There was a small tailwheel, the main undercarriage retracting into the inner engine nacelles. The Potez 662 made its first flight on 26 July 1938 at Meaulte, flown by M. Labouchere who was S.C.A.N.'s chief test pilot.Flight 11 August 1938 p.128Flight 24 April 1939 p.
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The Eagle's fuselage was molded in two pieces that were joined down the middle. The first prototype had a fixed undercarriage but the second, known as the Eagle 1, had retractable tricycle gear. This aircraft first flew on 26 January 1969. One prototype spun in on testing.
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They were retracted by lever-operated cables into the engine cowlings, with the axle and drag strut lying on the wing underside. In the cockpit there were pointers indicating the undercarriage position and a quick release to lower it. The mainwheels had brakes and the tailwheel castered.
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The twin skids of the undercarriage were extended forwards to form part of the supporting structure for the elevator, and a single pair of wheels were mounted on an axle between the skids. A two-seat "Military" version with an extended upper wing was produced later.
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It had a fabric-covered, welded steel tube fuselage with a wooden wing. The undercarriage was non-retractable. On 10 July 1942, the United States Army Air Forces issued a contract for three prototypes under the designation XP-55. Serial numbers were 42-78845 through 42-78847.
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The report said that the YuF engine was required more work before it was ready for production, the aircraft had problems with longitudinal stability, excessive stick forces from the ailerons and elevators, and the undercarriage was troublesome. Lavochkin consequently canceled the program.Gordon 2002, pp. 113–114.
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The speed could be reduced to an acceptable for low-speed flying. For cruising, the optimum speed for obtaining maximum range was at weight. The Mosquito had a low stalling speed of with undercarriage and flaps raised. When both were lowered, the stalling speed decreased from .
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Boeing's design study for the Model 334 was a pressurized derivative of the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress with nosewheel undercarriage. Although the Air Corps did not have money to pursue the design, Boeing continued development with its own funds as a private venture.Bowers 1989, p. 318.
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The C2 is a conventional, low-wing monoplane design with two seats side-by-side in an open cockpit.The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft, p.2955Taylor 1989, p.835 The wing was braced with struts and wires and it carried the main units of the divided fixed undercarriage.
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The SB-1 was designed with a fixed tail-wheel undercarriage and also had a twin-fin tail unit. A study was also made of two engines mounted in the fuselage, each driving a separate propeller. Development of this project was abandoned before metal was cut.
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The Quail is an all-metal cantilever high-wing monoplane with an enclosed cabin and tricycle undercarriage. The aircraft uses simple flat-sided construction with pop-rivet assembly. The wing design is unmodified from the Aerosport Rail homebuilt. The prototype was powered with a Rockwell L680R engine.
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The Heinkel HD 17 was a conventional single-bay biplane with strongly staggered wings of unequal span braced with N-type interplane struts. The pilot and observer sat in tandem, open cockpits, and the main units of the fixed, tailskid undercarriage were linked by a cross-axle.
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The SE.400 was of mixed construction, with a steel tube fuselage and wooden wings. It had a twin tail and was powered by two 655 hp (489 kW) Gnome-Rhône 14M radial engines. The aircraft's undercarriage consisted of two light alloy floats mounted beneath the engines.
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It was a conventional two-bay biplane with staggered wings of unequal span and a fuselage of particularly sleek design. The pilot and observer sat in open cockpits in tandem, and the undercarriage consisted of twin pontoons braced to the underside of the fuselage and to wings.
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To save weight, the main load-bearing structures of the airframe were constructed from V-95 aluminum alloy and high-strength steel. Elektron (a magnesium alloy) was used for many components and castings. The aircraft used a tricycle undercarriage with the main wheels retracting into the fuselage.
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Campagna 1998, p. 68. The undercarriage of the Avrocar was rudimentary with three small castoring wheels mounted on "stub" shafts; a set of skids was substituted later in testing although they were not normally fitted.Winchester 2005, p. 69. Pilot control was entirely through a single side-mounted control stick.
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Three other RWD 17W, being in a factory in Warsaw, with land undercarriage, were evacuated to Romania (nos. 311, 312, 314), while the remaining two (nos. 313 and 315) were used as liaison aircraft near Warsaw and destroyed thereafter. In Romania RWD 17s were used until the late 1940s.
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It tapers gently from wing to tail; forward, the cockpit has a long, one piece canopy. The Nimbus has a retractable monowheel undercarriage, assisted by a tailskid. The Nimbus first flew in October 1962. It performed very well, but the Eppler wing profile made it a challenge to fly.
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A revised model the Duo Discus X was announced in 2005. This has landing flaps incorporated into the movement of the airbrake lever to improve its approach control, giving steeper and slower approaches, it also has winglets to improve thermal flying and a sprung and lower retractable undercarriage.
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172 The resulting aircraft is a conventional motorglider design, a low-wing cantilever monoplane with a nose-mounted engine. The undercarriage consists of a single retractable mainwheel, a fixed tailwheel, and an outrigger under each wing.Hardy 1982, p.173 Construction is of wood, skinned in plywood and fabric.
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Named after the bird, the Hoopoe was a private venture design proposal to meet Specification N.21/26 although the aircraft did not follow the specification closely. The Hoopoe was a single- seater biplane with an open cockpit and fixed undercarriage. Floats were also later tested.Mason 1991, p.187.
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It has a fixed tricycle undercarriage, with mainwheels spring mounted from the fuselage and a castoring nosewheel. The landing gear is fabricated from Zicral alloy bars to provide adequate suspension. Wheel fairings may be fitted.Tacke, Willi; Marino Boric; et al: World Directory of Light Aviation 2015-16, page 47.
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To provide hydrodynamic lift, the hull was fitted with an angled plate mounted below the nose. It was powered by a Gnome Omega driving a pusher propeller mounted below the upper wing. To allow for maneuvering on the ground, an undercarriage was fitted, with two wheels attached.Parrochia p.
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The internal space housed both the main undercarriage and a total of four fuel tanks without any bulges or fairings in the wing, while four spars provided for significant structural strength. The sizable horn-balanced ailerons and inboard elevators gave the Delta 2 a high level of manoeuvrability.
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The cockpit, placed over the wing, is covered with a single piece, starboard hinged canopy. Like the Votec 351, the 321 has a conventional undercarriage. The mainwheels are mounted on curved, sprung cantilever legs and enclosed by long fairings. It has a steerable tailwheel on a long cantilever.
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1 built. The D-38 was in effect the prototype of the DG-100, built by Glaser-Dirks. Built almost exclusively of GRP with Balsa wood filler the D-38 was a Standard class sailplane with 15m span wings no flaps, retractable undercarriage and provision for water ballast.
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Designed by John Thorp, the Defender was a conventional low-wing cantilever monoplane with fixed tailwheel undercarriage. Provision was made for two machine guns in the wings, plus disposable stores carried on underwing pylons. Construction throughout was all-metal, and the pilot sat under a wide perspex canopy.
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The spars were made of tubular dumbbell sections, the whole aircraft fabric covered. Automatic slats of the Handley Page type were fitted to the leading edges of the upper wing. It had the standard fixed main wheel and tail-skid undercarriage of its day. The engine was uncowled.
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This penalized its performance which was described as less than "sporty".Wenham 2015, p.308 Another issue affecting the Pup was unreliability, due to both poor design and workmanship, and the shortage of spare parts. These problems included fuel leaks, cockpit door failures and brake and undercarriage issues.
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The main undercarriage was a skid running aft from the nose to behind the rear cockpit. The CAT 28BP first flew in 1938, piloted by Mantelli, and performed well in testing. For many years it held the Italian national distance record. It also competed with success in national competitions.
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The main, single axle undercarriage was wide track ( 5 ft 1 in or 1.55 m), with main legs sloping inwards to meet the lower longerons at the leading ege of the lower wings and with a pair of bracing struts forward to the bottom of the engine bulkhead.
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The Fw 58 was a low-wing monoplane with two piston engines mounted in nacelles on the wing leading edges. The crew sat under an enclosed canopy. Aft of the flight deck, the fuselage was open to form a moveable machine gun station. The tailwheel undercarriage was retractable.
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The tail surfaces had steel tube frames, canvas covered. The fin carried a generous, rounded rudder, with its lower edge above the extreme fuselage. The horizontal stabilizer was mounted at mid-fuselage with the elevators separated. The Canadian Cub had a conventional undercarriage with split axle main gear.
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It flew under the initial name "Norn" early in 1930, received a production contract and was renamed Nimrod.Mason 1961, pp. 184–190. The Nimrod had an overall similarity to the Fury: it was a single-seater biplane with an open cockpit, fixed undercarriage and guns firing through the propeller.
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The prototype was badly damaged in a landing accident on 4 April 1938 with its undercarriage and starboard wings destroyed. Although the aircraft was repaired, it was not flown again, and no production was undertaken. The GR.8 was scrapped after the German invasion of Belgium in May 1940.
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The Macfie Monoplane's undercarriage consisted of two main wheels (diameter approx. 26 in. (0.66m)) mounted below the engine, and a rear skid mounted on the sixth triangular brace from the front of the main body frame, i.e. about two-thirds of the distance back from front to tail.
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SFCA Maillet-21 of the Spanish Republican Air Force ; Maillet 20: Prototype; two built. ; Maillet 201: Production trainer version; thirty built for l'Armée del'Air. ; Maillet 21: Second Maillet 20 modified with relocated pilot's seat and more streamlined canopy. ; Maillet-Lignel 20: Maillet 21 with retractable undercarriage; five built.
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Carvell 2005, p. 67. The maiden flight was eventful, as the over-sensitive flying controls led to a wild pitching before Pegg restored control. During the landing approach, smoke filled the cockpit and the main undercarriage bogie was stuck in its cycle, only fully deploying seconds before landing.
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The Anson was the first aircraft equipped with retractable landing gear to enter service with the RAF.Flight 30 January 1936, p. c.Jackson 1990, p. 323. While the main undercarriage was retracted into recesses set into the bottom of the engine nacelles, the tail wheel was fixed in position.
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In front, a compactly cowled, 40 kW (60 hp) CNA D.4 flat four engine drove a 2-blade propeller. The PM.1 had a conventional undercarriage with mainwheels on centrally mounted, faired V-form half axles and with vertical legs to the bottom longerons, assisted by a tailskid.
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The empennage is conventional, with the tailplane set at mid-fuselage; its elevators are balanced and fitted with trim tabs. The fin is straight-edged but the short, broad, balanced rudder is curved. The Aeroneer has a tailwheeel undercarriage. Its mainwheels are on parallel, forward-raked oleo strut legs.
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The airfoil is a modified Gö 549-M.2 section. Early versions took off from a dolly and landed on a fixed skid, while later versions has a fixed wheel and skid undercarriage. Originally fitted with DFS-style airbrakes, some were later modified for Schempp-Hirth style brakes instead.
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A fixed tricycle undercarriage is mounted on the fuselage. Initially the main wheel legs were braced but have been replaced with cantilevers. The Toucan's wing is straight edged, of constant chord and square tipped, set low on the fuselage. There is some dihedral outboard of a brief centre section.
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This first flew on 3 June 1962. The aircraft was of a graceful design, using an all-wood construction, having a semi-monocoque plywood-covered fuselage and cantilever tapered low wing. The tail fin was swept and the aircraft, unusually, was fitted with a fully retractable tailwheel undercarriage.
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Later in 1973 it appeared at two RSA meetings, at Montdidier and Montargis, winning four prizes. Lebouder flew it until it was damaged in an accident in 1975. The damage was chiefly confined to the undercarriage and propeller but the Autoplane never flew again, though the road vehicle survived.
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The fin was trapezoidal in profile and its round-topped balanced rudder had a vertical trailing edge. Its split-axle main undercarriage had its steel tube axles, legs and drag struts mounted on the lower longerons. The wheels were large and the track wide. There was a short tailskid.
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The aircraft was the result of Giuseppe Bellanca's son, August. Bellanca formed Bellanca Aircraft Engineering Inc. company in Scott Depot, West Virginia to develop a new design conceived in 1957. The Skyrocket II was a six-seat, low-wing cantilever monoplane of conventional configuration with retractable tricycle undercarriage.
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The design, which shared some of the technical characteristics of the earlier I.Ae. 31 Colibrí, was a conventional low-wing cantilever monoplane with and had fixed tailwheel undercarriage; seating a student pilot (or passenger) and instructor (or pilot) in a tandem enclosed cockpit. Only one prototype was built.
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The C.4 was powered by a 67 kW (90 hp), 4-cylinder inline, air-cooled, inverted CANSA C.80 engine. It had a fixed, conventional undercarriage with a tailskid. The C.4 was built as both a training aircraft and a tourer but production numbers are not known.
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The E-34 had a rectangular cross-section fuselage formed from steel tubing with internal wire bracing. Its cockpits were open. The undercarriage used a pair of internally sprung mainwheels with balloon tyres and a tailskid. A split axle was mounted on a short V-strut below the fuselage.
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Undercarriage retraction was pneumatic, using bleed air from the engine. The main landing gear was a Gemini strut and wheel, whilst the nose gear was a Gemini tail wheel assembly. The wingtip outriggers were purpose built. Engine start and instrumentation was electric, as was the gear down/up display.
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In 2013, both had entered production. A carrier-landing trainer variant was revealed by Chinese state media in 2011. Designated the JL-9G, it has strengthened undercarriage, enlarged wing and diverterless supersonic inlets, but has proved to be unsuitable for arrested landings and is limited to land-based operations.
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The fin and rudder are also straight edged but swept; there is a small additional ventral fin. Elevator has trim tabs. The Master has a tricycle undercarriage, the nosewheel retracting rearwards and the main legs inwards into the wings. The track is 2.01 m (6 ft 7 in).
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Boisavia B.601L Mercurey of Omniair at Dijon's Val Suzon airfield in 1965 The Mercurey was a conventional high-wing braced monoplane with fixed tailwheel undercarriage. It was built in small numbers and found use in the normal general aviation roles of tourer, trainer, agricultural aircraft, and glider tug.
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Of special note was the Mi-10R (R - recordnyy- record) record breaking helicopter, converted from a production machine, with the undercarriage of a Mi-6 fitted with fairings and spats, as well as a tail bumper to reduce the risk of damage to the rear fuselage on landing.
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Yak-18A ;Yak-18 :The original production version. Retractable main undercarriage, fixed tailwheel. ;Yak-18U :This version was built in small numbers. It had retractable tricycle landing gear. ;Yak-18A :Cleaned up version of the Yak-18U, powered by a 194 kW (260 hp) Ivchenko AI-14 FR engine.
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The combination of an aft cockpit and the Corsair's long nose made landings hazardous for newly trained pilots. During landing approaches, it was found that oil from the opened hydraulically- powered cowl flaps could spatter onto the windscreen, severely reducing visibility, and the undercarriage oleo struts had bad rebound characteristics on landing, allowing the aircraft to bounce down the carrier deck. The first problem was solved by locking the top cowl flaps in front of the windscreen down permanently, then replacing them with a fixed panel. The undercarriage bounce took more time to solve, but eventually a "bleed valve" incorporated in the legs allowed the hydraulic pressure to be released gradually as the aircraft landed.
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Though the Nie 31 (it had been flown and subsequently abandoned well before the company changed its name to Nieuport- Delage) was technically a sesquiplane, it could equally well be described as a shoulder-wing monoplane with a small foreplane. Its immediate predecessor was the Nieuport Madon, which had an ancillary lifting surface built around the axle of its wide-track undercarriage. The Nie 31 had a narrower-track undercarriage, but the second wing extended outwards beyond the wheels, which were faired into its upper surface; this wing and the axle were joined to the lower fuselage by a pair of near vertical N-form struts. The main plane was of low aspect ratio.
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The narrow confines of the fuselage would require the Ba.88 to carry bombs in a semi-external structure - to the detriment of the aircraft's aerodynamics. The all-metal wings had two longerons, and housed the engine nacelles, undercarriage main elements, and the majority of the 12 self-sealing fuel tanks (the only protection in the aircraft), providing 1,586 L (419 US gal) total capacity. All three undercarriage units were retractable, which was unusual for the time. The aircraft was powered by two Piaggio P.XI air-cooled radial engines. They were of the same type as used in other projects such as the Re.2000, and drove two three-blade, continuous-speed 3.2 m (10.4 ft) diameter Breda propellers.
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The L15 in glider configuration L15 with revised undercarriage By the end of the First World War, Hanns Klemm had moved from Dornier to the aircraft branch of Daimler Motors and had designed two prototype fighters, the Daimler L11 and L14. With military aviation ended by the terms of the Versailles Treaty, he turned to developing a low-power light aircraft. The 1919 Daimler L15 was a high cantilever wing aircraft with a Indian motorcycle engine. Rather little detailed information on it seems to have survived; it had unusual rotating wingtips for roll control instead of ailerons and a single axle undercarriage. It suffered serious propeller damage in 1919, early in the testing programme.
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It had a standard single skid undercarriage, with wing tip and tail bumpers. A second form, seen the diagram and also in all the photographs has the glider with a shortened fuselage ending under the wing at around the one third chord point, reducing the overall length to about . This version also had vulnerable, lozenge shaped, fixed end plate fins on its tips, extending both above and below the wing, and a double skid undercarriage, forming a sledge-like arrangement held well away from the fuselage and suitable for snow. In both forms the pilot sat in an almost rectangular small, open, unscreened cut-out cockpit in the wing near mid-chord.
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The tail surfaces were again Dacron covered steel, wire braced with the tailplane placed at the bottom of the boom and with the lower rudder and a small ventral fin projecting below it. The Draggin' Fly had a fixed tricycle undercarriage, the mainwheels mounted on two V-form struts and half- axles hinged to the fuselage underside. All undercarriage legs used spring and rubber in compression type shock absorbers; the nose wheel was steerable. For its first flight and first eight hours of flight testing the Draggin' Fly was powered by a 36 hp (29 kW), 1.2 L Volkswagen engine but this was then replaced by a more powerful Volkswagen variant producing 50 hp (37 kW).
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Vought's design team had little time to work on the new fighter if it was to compete in the Air Corps competition, and changes made to the design purchased from Northrop were relatively small, with an enlarged rudder being fitted in a bid to solve the handling problems of the XFT and 3A, while the undercarriage and engine cowling were also modified.Angelucci and Bowers 1987, p. 435. In this form, the prototype fighter, designated Vought V-141 by the manufacturer, made its maiden flight on 29 March 1936, piloted by Paul S Baker. Like the 3A, the V-141 was a low-wing monoplane with a retractable tailwheel undercarriage and an enclosed cockpit.
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Late success: the "short Oppeln" built from 1937 rapidly became the most numerous Austauschbau goods wagon. The covered vans of the Kassel class were based on the DSV's A2 wagon, the most striking differences being the use of a barrel roof instead of a flat roof and the brakeman's cab being located at floor level directly on the undercarriage rather than being elevated. The wagon body was stabilised by a diagonal reinforcing brace in the sections of wall next to the doors. In order to be able to use the undercarriage of the Om wagon (see below), the wagon body was shortened by 200 mm, so that the loading length was now only 7,720 mm.
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These were supplied by the regular manufacturers, while the new parts were made in France. The new wing inner sections were of parallel chord with near-duplicate engine and undercarriage installations to the Ju 188, creating a four-engined layout with four main undercarriage wheels. Fuel was carried in additional tanks in both the wing and fuselage extensions. The Ju 488 was expected to be powered initially by four BMW 801TJ or BMW 802 radial engines, with each engine nacelle having a standard Ju 88-style rearwards-retracting single strut main landing gear unit, rotating through 90° to lie flat (with the main wheel above the end of the strut) within each of the nacelles.
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The installation of a 120 hp (90 kW) inverted Gipsy III required a notably different forward fuselage to those of the earlier models with their lower power, upright Gipsy Is. The tandem cockpits were, like those of the P-1 and P-2, placed under the mid-chord and trailing edge of the wing and were initially open but later they were enclosed under a single, long, multi-part canopy. The undercarriage was also new; each mainwheel was mounted on a hinged V-form strut from the lower fuselage longerons with a compression leg to the upper longeron. An inverted V strut, hinged to the central fuselage underside, provided lateral stability. This conventional undercarriage was completed with a tailskid.
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Keeping the prop clear of the deck required long landing gear, which, combined with the shortened fuselage, gave the Bearcat a significant "nose-up" profile on land. The hydraulically operated undercarriage used an articulated trunnion which extended the length of the oleo legs when lowered; as the undercarriage retracted the legs were shortened, enabling them to fit into a wheel well which was entirely in the wing. An additional benefit of the inward retracting units was a wide track, which helped counter propeller torque on takeoff and gave the F8F good ground and carrier deck handling.Scrivner 1990, p. 4. The design team had set the goal that the G-58 should weigh 8,750 lb/3,969 kg fully loaded.
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There were two tandem cockpits, one under the wing and the other, for the pilot behind the trailing edge. Behind the cockpits, the fuselage was quite slender, carrying a nearly semi-circular tailplane with a one-piece elevator and a finless balanced rudder. The undercarriage had the unusual four-wheel form used by the monoplane, with a pair of large wheels mounted below the wing trailing edge and aft of the centre of gravity, together with a slightly smaller pair forward of the engine; the B.R.7 sat on the ground like a tricycle undercarriage aircraft. thumb Early tests showed the wings of the B.R.7 produced too little lift because they used the lower camber associated with monoplanes.
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Powered by a single BWB licence-built Rolls-Royce Viper Mk531 the Jastreb has a conventional Aluminium Alloy stressed skin structure with few or no special features. The relatively thick aerofoil section, though limiting performance, provides room for fuel cells and the retracted main undercarriage which retracts inwards, giving the Jastreb a wide track and imbuing it with excellent ground handling characteristics. The levered undercarriage legs and relatively low pressure tyres allow the Jastreb to operate from un-prepared strips or rough surfaced airfields. Compared to the Galeb, the Jastreb has a strengthened structure, allowing more weapons to be carried, including three Browning AN/M3 machine guns with 135 rpg, mounted in the nose of the aircraft.
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Miles tasked Ray Bournon with designing a small single-engined single-seat aircraft, the Miles M.35. Design and construction was completed in six weeks. The result was a small wooden aircraft with a high-set front wing and low-set rear wing, fixed tricycle undercarriage, and pusher propeller, with the engine in the rear of the fuselage and the pilot sitting in the front of the fuselage. The front wing was moderately tapered with a straight leading edge, while the rear wing was in three parts: an unswept centre section, clearing the propeller and supporting the main undercarriage legs, and outer sections from about ¼ span swept back at approximately 30°, supporting large end-plate fins at the tips.
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The port side of the tailplane had an inverted aerofoil section to counter roll-axis torque produced by the propeller. As with most autogyros, a high vertical tail was precluded by the sagging resting rotor, so the dorsal fin was long and low, extending well aft of the tailplane like a fixed rudder and augmented by a ventral fin. The wide-track undercarriage had a pair of single, wire-braced legs and a small tail wheel was fitted. This model flew in April 1933. It was followed by four improved machines designated C.30P (P here for pre-production) which differed in having a four-legged pyramid rotor mounting and a reinforced undercarriage with three struts per side.
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For research into Tricycle undercarriages D.W.L. converted the prototype RWD 9 to the RWD 20 fitting a 130 hp Walter Major engine, steerable noseleg, moving the main undercarriage legs rearwards, and removing the rear seats door and windows which were faired over with plywood. Extensive testing was carried out with take-offs, landings and taxiing on different surfaces including unprepared fields as well as ploughed land. Conversion was completed in 1938 and the flight trials proved the stability and manoeuvrability of the tri- cycle undercarriage during extensive taxiing trials, (landings and take-offs were carried out with the nosewheel steering locked). The fate of the RWD 20 is unknown but it did not survive WWII.
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The MiG-29K is drastically modified from the Mikoyan MiG-29M for naval operations. The airframe and undercarriage are reinforced to withstand the stress experienced upon landing. Folding wings, an arrestor hook, and catapult attachments were added for carrier operations; the aircraft's undercarriage track was also widened. The MiG-29K, unlike the early MiG-29, can both conduct aerial refueling and "buddy" refuel other aircraft. MiG-29K as a buddy refuelling tanker The MiG-29K has two widely spaced RD-33MKs. The early prototypes were fitted with two RD-33K turbofan engines, each with afterburner thrust of 86.3 kN (19,800 lb) and a possible take-off thrust of 92.2 kN (20,723 lbf) for shipborne operations.
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The aircraft was furnished with a single-piece shoulder-mounted wing mounted across the top of the fuselage; the shape of the wing progressively alters from a clipped delta to a fully swept configuration, complete with extended leading edges and spaced out sawtooth extensions.Mason 1967, p. 6. A fully movable single-piece tailplane was also adopted, which was hinged upon the rear fuselage. The P.1127 had an atypical undercarriage arrangement, known as a "zero-track" tricycle undercarriage, which supported the majority of the aircraft's weight upon a pair of centrally mounted main wheels; steering was performed via a conventional nose wheel while balance was provided by a pair of wing tip-mounted outriggers.
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The SC1 was found to perform very well in the air, its only vice being heavy aileron control. In later test flights the undercarriage was retracted (using a manual system), and the prototype was felt to be very pleasant to fly. In fact the undercarriage used on the SC1 outlasted it by many years, as the same trailing link rubber sprung units were installed on the Transavia PL-12 Airtruk agricultural aircraft. The prototype's good performance was partly due to its small frontal area, a feature which would have been sacrificed on production aircraft, as the cockpit was found to be too narrow for practical purposes and would need to be widened to gain useful elbow room.
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Mil Mi-10 at Monino Central Air Force Museum (Moscow) ;izdeliye 60: Product / article number. ;V-10:Prototypes of the Mil Mi-10 helicopter. ;Mi-10:Initial standard long-legged production helicopter ;Mi-10GR: A single production Mi-10 fitted with Grebeshok (Comb) direction finding equipment, for ELINT (Electronic Intelligence) duties, in a pod slung between the undercarriage legs. ;Mi-10K: (K - korotkonogiy - short legged) (NATO - Harke-B) Flying crane helicopter with short-legged narrow-track undercarriage and a ventral gondola for a second pilot. ;Mi-10RVK: (RVK - raketno- vertolyotnyy kompleks - heliborne missile system) Numerous variations of heliborne missile systems were envisaged, but only the 9K74 (aka S-5V) system reached the flight test stage.
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Two sets of split flaps were installed, of which either set could be selected before flight. A fin and rudder was mounted at each wingtip. The fixed main undercarriage struts, using existing components, were attached to the wing spars, and an extended tailwheel attached to the rear of the fuselage pod.
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On 17 January 1931, Bréguet 280T F-AIVU of Air Union crashed while attempting to land at Lympne Airport in England. The aircraft caught the boundary fence and crashed onto the airfield, damaging the forward fuselage and undercarriage. Of the eight people on board, one of the crew was injured.
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A 108 hp (80 kW) Lycoming O-235 flat-four engine drove a two-blade propeller. The fixed tricycle undercarriage had rearward-sloping oleo legs mounted to the wings, giving a track of 2.40 m (7 ft 10 in). The first flight of the L-17 was scheduled for May 1956.
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V-struts made from Duralumin separated the wings and connected the upper wing to the fuselage. Steel bracing wires were used externally. An airfoil enclosed the axle of the fixed undercarriage and a small ski served as a tailskid. It had an imported Napier Lion engine enclosed in a metal cowling.
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It had a fixed undercarriage. The single prototype was powered by an uncowled Bristol Mercury IIA, later replaced by a Mercury III. It was armed with two .303-inch (7.7-mm) Vickers Mk.II machine guns, installed in the sides of the fuselage with the breeches within reach of the pilot.
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On 28 October 2010, the undercarriage of an off-service SBS Transit bus burst into flames. The Singapore Civil Defence Force said it received a call at about 2pm and sent two fire engines to the scene. The blaze was quickly put out and no one was hurt in the incident.
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Initially Travel Air assigned letters to each type, with a suffix denoting the engine. :;Model A:1925 Prototype, with WW1 style straight axle. Curtiss OX-5 water-cooled V-8 engine :;Model B:Similar to Model A with a split axle undercarriage, also fitted with a Curtiss OX-5. Redesignated as 2000.
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The centre section protruded by only on either side. The offensive armament was two 7.92 mm (.312 in) MG 17 machine guns fitted one in each wing outboard of undercarriage, operated by a mechanical pneumatics system from the pilot's control column. The rear gunner/radio operator operated one 7.92 mm (.
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The conversion commenced in January 1951 and the Sparrowjet first flew on 14 December 1953. Other modifications included a new tail section and front fuselage (in place of the Sparrowhawk's single engine), fixed, faired-in undercarriage and a large clear canopy. The wing roots were modified to take the Palas engines.
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The Loisirs ("Leisure") was designed in May 1945 by Roger Adam and built by Etablissements Aeronautiques R. Adam. It was a tube, wood and fabric two- seater suitable for amateur construction. It was a high-wing braced monoplane of with fixed tail-wheel undercarriage. The seats were positioned side-by- side.
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The Su-9 was the first Soviet aircraft to use hydraulic-powered controls.Gordon, pp. 116, 119–20 A Soviet copy of the Junkers Jumo 004B turbojet, known as the RD-10, was hung under each wing in a streamlined nacelle. The aircraft had a tricycle undercarriage that retracted into the fuselage.
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Its planform changed to a constant taper from root chord to tip chord. In 1970 the 210K became the first full six-seat model. This was achieved by replacing the flat leaf-springs used for the retractable main landing gear struts (undercarriage) with tapered tubular steel struts of greater length.
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He first flew it in 1932 although he had no flying experience at that time. In 1933 Maule joined the research and development department of Lycoming but by 1940 he left and continued to develop designs for aircraft. At some point, the aircraft was also fitted with a conventional wheeled undercarriage.
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Flight p.531 The wide (22 ft 6 in (6.8 m)) split axle undercarriage had vertical legs from the front wing spar at the same point and bracing from the axles to the fuselage.Flight p.531-2 The fuselage was quite elegant, slender, oval in cross section and smoothly metal skinned.
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The aircraft had twin floats and was powered by a Junkers L5 inline engine. The engine was found to be underpowered. A second prototype, the He 50aL, was built, powered by a Siemens Jupiter VI radial engine, having a wheeled undercarriage. A second He 50aL was built and redesignated He 50b.
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The water reflected the lights from an elevated railway station nearby. He throttled back and manoeuvred to land on one side. The reflection of the lights in the water helped reveal the ground level. Two or three blurred objects flitted past the undercarriage, then they were down, with a slight bump.
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The subsequent investigation found that the crash resulted from a loss of engine power caused by ice formation in the carburettor intakes attributable to the captain's failure to make use of the heat controls. The extended undercarriage and the presence of snow on the wings may have also been contributory factors.
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The Bréguet 900 landed on a fixed monowheel undercarriage with a protective ash noseskid ahead of it. Unusually, the tow-release involved two hooks, one on either side of the fuselage just under the wing leading edge. The first prototype flew on 17 June 1948, the second in the following March.
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The first examples were used by 146 and 183 Squadriglia, 85° Gruppo, to perform maritime reconnaissance, followed by the 142. They had six machines each. After just a year, these machines were replaced by CANT Z.501s. The aircraft were not scrapped but converted for land use, complete with undercarriage.
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Mondey 2006, p. 76. The wing was high-mounted, roughly elliptical, and made of wood and steel. The undercarriage was spatted and fixed. The aircraft was powered by three engines, one in the nose, and one under each wing mounted in faired nacelles, with NACA cowlings, supported by steel tubes.
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Meanwhile, orders were placed on 4 February 1947 for 25 of the definitive HP 81 Hermes IV, fitted with a tricycle undercarriage and powered by 2,100 hp (1,570 kW) Bristol Hercules 763 engines, for BOAC and two HP Hermes V, powered by the Bristol Theseus turboprop engines.Barnes 1976, p.461.
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Apart from its variable incidence tailplane, mounted at mid-height on the fuselage, the empennage was conventional, with a rounded fin and rudder. It had a fixed, tailwheel undercarriage with both landing legs and wheels in aircraft fairings. The SFCA Lignel 46 first flew on 13 August 1947. Two were completed.
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All control surfaces apart from the rudder were unbalanced. The pilot's open cockpit was at the highest part of the fuselage at mid-chord. The Bristol Mercury IIA nine-cylinder radial was initially mounted without a cowling. A single-axle undercarriage had legs attached to front and rear wing spars.
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The undercarriage had a single axle and was mounted on vee struts. There was a faired tail skid. The Partridge first flew in early in 1928 and appeared at the Hendon RAF display that July. Competitive trials between the contestants for F.9/26 began in January at RAF Martlesham Heath.
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22 floatplane: (aka HF.22bis or Savoia-built HF.22-H) ;HF.23: span version with Gnome Lambda engine ;HF.24: span aerobatic version with Gnome Lambda engine ;HF.27: Canton-Unné R9 engine or Renault engine with a revised undercarriage that included nose wheels similar to the Voisin III.
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Cargo, either a slung load or in a pre-loaded pod, could be carried between the crew cabin and the undercarriage mainwheels, while it was planned to also provide a pod to carry passengers. It was powered by twin piston engines mounted horizontally on either side of the main gearbox.
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Thus the plans for the German 'Tiger' tank originated from Reimspiess. Then at Porsche he was in charge of undercarriage design, a position which he held until his retirement in 1966. His most well-known invention had however little to do with technology. Reimspiess was the designer of the Volkswagen logo.
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Changes included a larger cockpit and the powerplant was now a Continental O-200-A flat-four-cylinder air-cooled piston engine giving 75 kW (100 HP). In 1963 it was followed by the MFI-9B Trainer and then the MFI-9B Mili-Trainer. The MFI-9 uses a tricycle undercarriage.
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A330-200 planform view, showing its 10.06 alt=The undercarriage of an A330 have been retracted, showing an underside view of an A330 during flight. Under each wing is a turbofan engine. Eight-abreast, 2-4-2 economy class alt=Cockpit of the A330. All instruments and displays are switched on.
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The V-10 had a conventional empennage, with a slightly tapered tailplane mounted at mid- fuselage height and fitted with inset elevators. Its tall, nearly vertical, blunt-topped fin carried a rectangular inset rudder. These rear surfaces had wooden structures and were plywood covered. It had a simple, fixed tailskid undercarriage.
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The Sport's main undercarriage was fixed and of wide track, with the wheels on separate axles mounted on the lower fuselage longerons, as were the drag struts. Legs, including oleo struts, were mounted on the forward wing struts at points reinforced by short struts to the upper and lower longerons.
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It was a low-wing, cantilever cabin monoplane of conventional configuration with fixed, tailwheel undercarriage. It first appeared in 1937 and was initially powered by the Alfa Romeo 115-I engine of . At least one example was converted postwar with the de Havilland Gipsy Six Series II of .Green, 1965, p.
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The prototype was dismantled and rebuilt, with parts of the canopy and fuselage center section all that remained of the original design. The slightly larger MKII also features a pressurized cabin,Joshi 2007, p. B6 nearly three times the fuel tankage,White 2006, p. 11. stronger undercarriage, and optional tip tanks.
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The Evolution has a retractable tricycle undercarriage; all three legs retract rearwards into the fuselage, on which they are mounted. A ballistic recovery parachute is available as an option. The Evolution may be powered either by a 73.5 kW (98.6 hp) Rotax 912ULS or a 59.6 kW (79.9 hp) Rotax 912UL.
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The tourer had a fixed tailwheel undercarriage with independent mainwheels on hinged V-struts from the fuselage underside and near-vertical sprung legs, with Béchereau shock absorbers, from the wings. The mainwheels, with a track of , were equipped with independent brakes. At the rear the sprung tailwheel was free to castor.
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The first locomotive was imported from John Fowler & Co. at Leeds, England. It had to be disassembled and re-assembled to get it ashore. Only then it was noted that it did not match the narrow gauge track. The undercarriage had to be dismantled, machined to size, and then commissioned.
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Despite this, Beamont noted that it was an impressively precise and controllable aeroplane. Over the following three months the engines were modified and the undercarriage cleared for retraction, allowing the second flight to take place on 31 December 1964. Running short of day light, Beamont took off at 2:40 pm.
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He evaded Wolff's initial attack and a duel for position followed. Rhys-Davids's guns jammed but he managed to get up to Wolff's height and took evasive action. But he had taken hits to the wing, undercarriage and engine. He kept cool and continued turning, denying the German an easy shot.
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The undercarriage track was 5 ft (1.52 m). Like some DH.53s, the Scarab was powered by a 32 hp (24 kW) Bristol Cherub III flat twin. The sole Scarab was registeredRegistration of G-ABOH as G-ABOH . Its first flight was in February 1932 with H.H. Leech at the controls.
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The ejection seats could both be fired by the instructor, while the pupil could fire only his own seat. Both cockpit positions had a complete set of controls.Gunston, 1997 The tricycle undercarriage was retractable. The main units retracted inward, while the steerable nosewheel retracted forwards into a bay covered by two doors.
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The rudder and fin assembly wae noticeable for being extremely rectangular, higher than wide and dominated by the rudder; the fin chord was very narrow and amounted to little more than a streamlined rudder post. It had single-axle tailskid undercarriage. It was powered by an 18 kW (24 hp) ABC Scorpion engine.
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Externally the old and new aircraft are similar, wings and tail having the same features and the side-by-side seating retained. Electrically operated flaps are fitted to the Scout and there is a central trim tab on the elevator. Its fixed tricycle undercarriage is mounted on the fuselage with cantilever composite mainlegs.
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This plane, serialled 01, flew for the first time on 10 June 1973. The second plane built participated at the Farnborough Air Show in September 1974, registered YR-MEA. It is a conventional low-wing monoplane with retractable tricycle undercarriage. Usually a crew of 2 - student and instructor seated side by side.
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133 aircraft were built in total.Donald and Lake 1996, p.439. Wasp was essentially a navalised Scout, indeed it was originally to be called the Sea Scout, and differed mainly in design details. It had a unique 4-wheeled castering undercarriage that allowed the aircraft to be manoeuvred on small, pitching flightdecks.
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The tailplane, with swept leading edges is wire-braced to the fin. All tail surfaces are fabric covered steel tube structures. The San Francesco has a conventional fixed tailwheel undercarriage with sprung half axles mounted on central struts below the fuselage. Its cabin begins ahead of the wing and extends rearwards under it.
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Being a small car factory, for economic reasons, Saab kept the basic undercarriage more or less unchanged throughout the 900's production run. The Saab 900 could be ordered with different options. One highly sought-after option was called the Aero or, as it was known in the U.S. "Special Performance Group" (SPG).
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These control surfaces had in- flight adjustable trim tabs. The F.K.57 first flew on 20 June 1938. There were hopes of an order for a military multi-engine trainer development with a retractable undercarriage, but the Netherlands Army Air Service (LVA) bought Focke-Wulf Fw 58s instead and no more were built.
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The Ca.313 had a glassed-in nose, similar to the Heinkel He 111. This Caprioni, with its characteristic 'Z' hubs, engines mounted in the wings and retractable undercarriage, was of mixed construction, i.e. metal in the fuselage and wood in the wings. Bomb load and defensive armament were typical of the time.
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He had his undercarriage halfway down when he was "jumped" by two other Bf 109s. He immediately engaged both and shot one down before more German fighters arrived and he was hit and forced to land behind enemy lines.Wilson 2005, pp. 86–87 As one of the German pilotsDelve 2017, p. 159.
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Fixed wing tip floats, each mounted on parallel pairs of struts, provide stability on water where a water rudder under the fin is used for manoeuvring. All types have the option of an amphibious conventional undercarriage; the small mainwheels are on short cantilever legs which can be rotated upwards out of the water.
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The Scimitar stemmed from a number of designs from Supermarine for a naval jet aircraft, initially to a requirement for an undercarriage-less fighter aircraft to land on flexible "sprung" rubber decks,"Scimitar History." thunder-and-lightnings.co, 5 April 2009. Retrieved: 23 March 2010. which would allow for a lighter and simpler structure.
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3G of the early 1930s as a starting point, but was a considerably modernized aircraft. Like the AeC.3G, however, it was a conventional low-wing cantilever monoplane with seating for student pilot and instructor in tandem and fixed tailwheel undercarriage. Unlike its predecessor, the cockpits were enclosed under a long canopy.
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The G.2 was an important step for the Fiat company as their first low-wing cantilever monoplane. The structure was all-metal, with fabric- covered control surfaces. The wide-track tailwheel undercarriage was not retractable, and its mainwheels were covered by spats. The tailwheel (not a tailskid) was castering (free-pivoting).
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496Bayerl, Robby; Martin Berkemeier; et al: World Directory of Leisure Aviation 2011–12, page 96. WDLA UK, Lancaster UK, 2011. ISSN 1368-485X An aerobatic version, designated the CP.750 was also developed. This differs from the basic CP.70 in having a reduced wingspan, fixed tailwheel undercarriage and a slightly longer fuselage.
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First flight was on 26 April 1986. On 1 July 1986, the PA-97 crashed immediately after liftoff on a test flight, killing one of the pilots. A gust of wind from the rear of the aircraft induced some movement across the ramp. The undercarriage responded badly to this, the bogies shimmying uncontrollably.
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Wooden skids under the tail and fuselage nacelle comprised the undercarriage. In Salamandra 53 there was introduced a bigger horizontal stabilizer, next retrofitted to earlier versions. The most notable feat by a W.W.S. 1 Salamandra, in Poland, was an 11hr 15min flight by Buraka, between Brasław and Wilno, on 22 Aug 1938.
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The aircraft was to use detachable pods of varying sizes to carry cargo, a system that would allow a rapid turnaround on the ground. The tall, fixed undercarriage featured tandem independently sprung wheels. Power was provided by two 1,000 hp BMW Bramo 323D radial engines. Three prototypes are believed to have been built.
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The C-212 has a high-mounted wing, a boxy fuselage, and a conventional tail. The tricycle undercarriage is non-retractable. It has space for 21–28 passengers depending on configuration. Since the C-212 does not have a pressurized fuselage, it is limited to relatively low-flight-level airline usage (below MSL).
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Deliveries of the aging design eventually began in April 1935, continuing until March 1937, with a total of 138 being built.Green 1967, p. 79. An improved version, the Amiot 144 was built to meet 1933 requirement for a Multiplace de Combat, combining the same fuselage and a similar wing with a retractable undercarriage.
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572 The Type 525 was powered by two Rolls-Royce Avon turbojets and fitted with a taller tricycle undercarriage positioned further out on the wings than on the Type 508. It had a conventional tail and rudder surfaces and swept wings. It made its first public appearance at the September 1954 Farnborough Airshow.
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Power came from a Rolls-Royce Griffon 83 liquid-cooled V-12 engine, producing 2,340 hp (1,745 kW) and driving two three-bladed contra-rotating propellers.MB 5 Martin-Baker History. Retrieved 9 April 2006. Armament was four 20 mm Hispano cannon, mounted in the wings outboard of the widely spaced retractable undercarriage.
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The Timm T-840, a development of the unbuilt but similar T-800"Timm T-840." Aerofiles. Retrieved: March 17, 2012. was an advanced design for its day, featuring a tricycle undercarriage and semi-cantilever high wing for easy access, together with a combination of Handley Page slots with slotted flaps and ailerons.
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These aircraft all have the 265 kW (355 hp) Vedeneyev M14 nine-cylinder radial engine as well as the same underlying compressed-air system for engine starting, brakes, undercarriage and flaps. The propeller, avionics and other parts are also shared. The Yak-18T, like all Russian aircraft used for training, is aerobatic.
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The cockpit, positioned forward of the wing, seated two side by side. It had a one piece windscreen and a single piece, rear hinged canopy. The Cobra had a retractable tricycle undercarriage, the wing mounted main members swinging inwards close to the air inlet ducts. The Cobra first flew on 16 November 1960.
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To service and install the towers and stations located at the peak and on several promontories, an access road was constructed, curling up the north and east faces of the mountain. Weather permitting, this road is passable by most two-wheel-drive vehicles with modest undercarriage clearance and extends to the uppermost summit.
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The Dart Kitten was designed by A.R. Weyl in 1936 and built by Dart Aircraft Ltd at Dunstable, Bedfordshire. It is an ultra- light single-seat low-wing aircraft with a fixed tailskid undercarriage. The four examples built were powered by a variety of engines of between 27 h.p. and 40 h.p.
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Its wingspan was long and the twin tails were mounted on booms that ran from the engine nacelles. It was fitted with a fixed nosewheel undercarriage to save weight, while the chosen powerplant was a pair of 715 eshp (533 kW) Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-27 turboprop engines.Cohen 1974, pp. 57, 59.
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From 1941 the rudder was aerodynamically balanced. The Goevier lands on a monowheel undercarriage, with a skid reaching forward from it to the nose and with a small tail skid. The Goevier V-1 made its first flight on 30 November 1937, piloted by Heinz Kensche. Production began at Göppingen the following October.
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A biplane, with the lower wing smaller than the upper, the Ro.41 was of mixed construction, the fuselage of chrome-molybdenum steel frame, covered in fabric. Duralumin covered the bottom and upper fuselage, and also the engine cowling. The wings were made of wood covered with fabric. There was a fixed undercarriage.
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It won a lorry race in Poland in 1950. During 1968–1975 the evolution of Comecon (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance) changed the way Csepel operated. Csepel began shipping the undercarriage of the Ikarus to other factories for completion. Labor-MIM in Esztergom and later the Polish Jelcz & Star performed the final assembly.
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It would have been partially constructed with composite materials, powered by one of XCOR's own simpler and safer, pressure fed, liquid oxygen/alcohol engines, and retractable undercarriage would have been used instead of a takeoff dolly and landing skid."Me 163 Flying Replica". Internet Archive, 1 October 2003. Retrieved: 26 December 2008.
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The design of the Prince continued from the solitary Merganser. Further development of the type led to the Survey Prince survey aircraft and the Sea Prince. An improved version of the Prince 3 with an increased wingspan and engine and undercarriage modifications was developed for the Royal Air Force as the Percival Pembroke.
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The walking excavator's main feature is the ability to move in a crab- or spider-like fashion and hence overcome any terrain obstacle. The undercarriage design varies widely from model to model and between specialized roles. The number of legs or wheels can also vary from e.g. three (Menzi Muck 5000T2) to four.
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This has a central trim tab. The Lastochka has a tricycle undercarriage with main legs retracting inwards; each leg has a pneumatic shock absorber and carries a single wheel fitted with hydraulic brakes. The nosewheel retracts forwards. The aircraft is designed to operate from water or snow, using floats or skis, if required.
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The TB was an improved version of the Martin T3M. It was constructed of all dural, with a fabric covering. The equal-span wings were large and unstaggered, and could be folded aft, reducing the span to for storage. The wheeled undercarriage was a conventional configuration that could be interchanged with floats.
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The He 64 was a sleek, low-wing monoplane of conventional configuration with fixed, tailskid undercarriage. The pilot and passenger sat in tandem under a streamlined canopy. Six examples were entered in the championships, which represented almost every example of the type built, the only exception being the first prototype, which had crashed.
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Other trimotors were also based on Albanian airfields: 72 Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 Pipistrello (Bat), a veteran of Spanish War, with fixed undercarriage,Carr 2012, pp. 27-28. and 31 Savoia- Marchetti SM.79 Sparviero (Sparrowhawk) built with steel tubes, timber, aluminium, and fabric and carrying scarce defensive firepower.Carr 2012, p. 28.
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The vehicle had 600 heat-resistant tiles on its undercarriage and it features delta wings and angled tail fins. Total cost of the project was . Future planned developments include testing an air-breathing propulsion system, which aims to capitalise on the oxygen in the atmosphere instead of liquefied oxygen while in flight.
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The elevators carry trim tabs. The fuselage is also plywood covered, the lower part flat sided but with curved decking. This is deep enough immediately aft of the cockpit to meet the top of the single piece, rear-sliding canopy but tapers towards the tail. The undercarriage is fixed, with a rear tailskid.
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Johann Risztics was 8th after the technical trials with his Junkers A50. However, just at the beginning of a rally over Europe, on 7 August 1929, he broke undercarriage and propeller and was disqualified. He continued the rally off the contest, till Milano. Marian Krzyżan: "Międzynarodowe turnieje lotnicze 1929-1934", Warsaw 1988, , p.
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Passengers, paratroops and stretchers were to have been carried in both the lower cabin and the upper cabin, which was on the same level as the cockpit aft of the wing. The retractable twin-wheeled undercarriage legs retracted into the rear of the inboard engine nacelles and the underside of the forward fuselage.
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Chyetverikov designed and built the TA immediately after World War II, as an amphibious transport, using Duralumin stressed skin construction. The capacious hull had seats for six to eight passengers and room for 1,000 kg of cargo as well as the electrically operated retractable undercarriage which retracted into the sides of the hull vertically. The untapered wing sat atop a short pylon braced by 'N' struts and had electrically operated slotted flaps and fixed floats, as well as the engine nacelles. The first aircraft was completed in June 1947 and carried out sea and flight trials until the undercarriage collapsed on landing in November 1947, repairs were carried out but the Chyetverikov OKB was closed at the end of , before flight trials could resume.
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The H.26 had a fixed conventional undercarriage with mainwheels on a centrally hinged split axle, enclosed within a lift-contributing wing-like fairing and supported by N-form struts attached to the lower fuselage longerons on each side. Originally, these were reinforced by long vertical struts from the shock absorber attachments to the upper wing central section. These were discarded when the interplane wires were replaced by the faired interplane struts, which extended downwards to the rear undercarriage structure; the tops of the shock absorber struts were relocated to mid-fuselage on the engine mounting. The pilot's cockpit, with a faired headrest behind it, was at the trailing edge of the upper wing, placed within a small cut-out to improve his limited view.
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Sergio Stefanutti had already experimented with canard aircraft with the S.C.A. SS.2 and S.C.A. SS.3 Anitra ("Duck"), light aircraft built by Stabilimento Costruzioni Aeronautiche (SCA) at Guidonia (a new city focused on aviation). The single-seat SS.2 had a canard wing configuration, fixed undercarriage and was powered with a 2-cylinder Keller engine rated at . The SS.2 first flew in 1935, and one of the two prototypes was converted into a two-seater with a larger CNA II engine built by Compagnia Nazionale Aeronautica. This new aircraft first took to the air on 2 October 1937 and was officially revealed in Milan at an international air exposition and the small fixed-undercarriage SS.2 was sent to Passignano for evaluation.
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The wide track undercarriage was of split axle type, with main legs sloping forward from the wheels to the upper fuselage longerons and with a pair of bracing struts rearwards to the keel. The undercarriage was completed with a tailskid. The first prototype, later known as the Redwing I flew under the power of a 75 hp (56 kW) A.B.C. Hornet flat four air-cooled engine, but trials during the summer of 1930 suggested a different powerplant. As a result, the second Redwing flew with an 80 hp (60 kW) Armstrong Siddeley Genet IIA five cylinder radial, becoming known as the Redwing II. The next eight aircraft were also built as Redwing IIs, but the last two produced began as Redwing IIIs.
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It was also suggested that the landing gear may have been operated incorrectly, however the inquiry established that the nose wheel and starboard undercarriage were up and locked, and whilst they could not definitely prove that the port undercarriage was up and locked, the board decided that it was likely up and locked. The inquiry then discovered that there was a discrepancy of +1040 kg in the load sheet of the airliner. However even with this minor error, the aircraft should have been able to take off from Douala. Although the investigators could not rule out an error in V2 resulting from the load error, they determined that this would not have been an error serious enough to bring down the plane.
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Later, the commander of experimental flying at Farnborough and an Air Vice Marshal The strength of the aircraft was demonstrated in 1935, when the prototype was attached to the battleship Nelson at Portland.Nicholl 1966, p. 26. With the commander-in-chief of the Home Fleet, Admiral Roger Backhouse on board, the pilot attempted a water touch-down, forgetting that the undercarriage was in the down position.Backhouse was being flown back from a conference in London: cloud cover forced the flight to be made at a low altitude, and then-current regulations required the undercarriage to be lowered when flying at less than 2,000 ft The Walrus was immediately flipped over but the occupants only received minor injuries; the machine was later repaired and returned to service.
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In a standard layout, the cabin seated a maximum of eight passengers; a typical cabin configuration would have included a forward toilet and a basic galley. The cabin, which had a volume of 11.5m3 (405ft3) and headroom of 1.64m, could be converted within an hour from a passenger to cargo configuration or vice versa, as well as accommodating a combi configuration that shared the space between passengers and cargo. Both the wings and fuselage were composed of a rugged carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) composite, which were combined with a highly-reinforced undercarriage. This undercarriage was equipped with anti-lock brakes, large wheels and low- pressure tyres, aimed at making the aircraft capable of hassle-free routine operations from austere and unimproved landing strips.
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As development progressed the main undercarriage legs were replaced with vertical units carrying twin wheels, twin nose undercarriage wheels after a period retaining the single wheels, an Auxiliary power unit (APU) installed behind the cockpit on the starboard side and emergency escape slide cables for use when the pallet is carried. Mil Mi-10 displayed at the 1965 Paris Air Show with a LAZ bus carried beneath it. The first prototype V-10 was completed in 1959 and was soon officially allocated the service designation Mi-10. The first flight took place on 15 June 1960 and flight testing continued successfully until in May 1960 the first prototype crashed during a precautionary landing resulting from loss of gearbox oil pressure, only the Navigator/ radio operator surviving.
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These gave the undercarriage a track of and placed the wheels directly below the outer engines. Vertical sprung legs, fitted with Messier shock absorbers, joined wheels and the engine-bearing frames. The wheels had brakes (also by Messier) which could be used differentially for ground steering. There was a short tailskid below the rudderpost.
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A second prototype, the B-534/2 was completed in September 1933.Krybus 1967, p. 3. It differed from the first prototype by having an enclosed cockpit, and a revised tail and undercarriage. On 14 April 1934, the second prototype, while flown by test pilot Václav Kočí, successfully attained a Czechoslovak national speed record of .
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During his dive he apparently mistook his undercarriage lever for the wing-brake lever and slowed his plane by lowering his wheels instead of his brake flaps. While he apparently missed his target on that dive, he is credited with a hit on Hiryu (later the same day) and on Mogami (the next day).
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The tapered horizontal tail, with inset elevators, was mounted on the top of the fuselage largely ahead of the fin. Construction of the empennage was similar to that of the wing. The Rafale had a fixed tailskid undercarriage. Its wheels were on vertical legs from the wings and were largely enclosed within magnesium spats.
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Flown by Jacqueline Cochran and Howard Hughes. ;Gamma 2H: Testbed for Sperry automatic pilot, also flown by Russell Thaw to a third-place finish in the 1935 Bendix Trophy race. ;Gamma 2J: Two-seat trainer powered by 600 hp (448 kW) Pratt & Whitney Wasp with retractable undercarriage intended for USAAC. North American BC-1 preferred.
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The cockpit has a fixed windscreen and rearward-sliding canopy and is equipped with dual controls. There is a baggage space behind the side-by-side seats. The Swift has a fixed, tricycle undercarriage with the mainwheels on fuselage mounted, spring steel, cantilever legs. The mainwheels have disc brakes and the nosewheel is steerable.
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The first prototype flew in 2002 and was followed by four more T-10 pre-production aircraft. These were followed by a batch of production T-10M machines for purchase as complete aircraft. The production of kits may follow. The T-10M has some changes to undercarriage and fin, plus a change of engine.
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The wide-spaced mainwheels were spatted; the outer engines were faired with Townend rings, the central one remaining uncowled. The Breda Ba.46 made its first flight in 1934, by which time the company's focus had moved to more modern, retractable undercarriage and single-purpose bomber designs for European wars; there was no further development.
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Galland had two notable accidents; a heavy landing damaged the undercarriage of his aircraft and a collision. Galland was judged to have employed poor formation tactics in the latter incident. Galland applied to join the German Army in the belief he had failed to pass. In the meantime, he carried on with his flight training.
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It was manufactured in both tandem and two-seater modes. Powered by an 80 hp Gnome et Rhône engine, the aircraft had a four- wheeled undercarriage and incorporated wing-warping for lateral control. This Romanian design gained Bristol the third prize during a flying competition. Italy ordered up to 14, while Romania itself ordered 10.
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There were no casualties. On 9 May 1953, A C-47 registered as VT-AXD, crashed on take-off at Juhu Airport causing the aircraft to be written off. The undercarriage was retracted before the aircraft became airborne on its takeoff roll causing the aircraft to drop back on its belly. There were no casualties.
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Fokker's second torpedo bomber was an enlarged version on the T.II from two years before. With a slightly greater span and 30% heavier, it had a crew of three rather than two and a more powerful engine. Its floats could be exchanged for a wheeled undercarriage. It first flew in the summer of 1923.
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Transmission and undercarriage were identical to those of the SU-76M SPG. The engine was also the same but forced from 140 hp on SU-76M to 160 hp - a GAZ-203 which consisted of two tandem GAZ-202 6-cylinder row liquid-cooled gasoline engines, each producing 80 hp (63 kWt) at 3600 rpm.
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"A cantilever low-winged ultralight aircraft with narrow track trousered fixed undercarriage, smooth plywood skinned fuselage and an all flying tailplane for pitch control. The D-11 Mohamed generated some interest when taking part in the 1924 Rhön-Leichtflugzeug-Wettbewerb (1924 Rhön light aircraft competition). " Akaflieg Darmstadt D-12 Roemryke Berge. Designed by E. Schatzki.
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The G.46 was a conventional, low-wing monoplane with tailwheel undercarriage, the main units of which retracted inwards. The pilot and instructor sat in tandem under a long canopy.Vigna Air International July 1995, p. 40. The first prototype, powered by a Alfa Romeo 115-Ibis engine, made its maiden flight on 25 June 1947.
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The Junior was a conventional, high-wing monoplane with two seats in tandem in an open cockpit and fixed, tailskid undercarriage. An optional enclosed canopy was also available.Aero Digest, April 1935. The wings were of wooden construction while the fuselage and empennage were built from welded steel tube, with the whole aircraft skinned in fabric.
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In October, production plans were dealt another blow when one of WFGs plants burned down, leaving a chronic shortage of tailwheels and undercarriage parts. Junkers director and member of the Luftwaffe industry council Carl Frytag reported that by January 1943 only 120 Ju 87s could be produced at Bremen and 230 at Berlin-Tempelhof.
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The Eastern Front brought new challenges. A Ju 87 B-2 is fitted with ski undercarriage to cope with the winter weather, 22 December 1941. On 22 June 1941, the Wehrmacht commenced Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union. The Luftwaffe order of battle of 22 June 1941 contained four dive bomber wings. VIII.
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The Forssman was a large, four-engined, three-bay biplane with an extensively glazed, fully enclosed cabin. The wings were unstaggered and of uneven span,Haddow & Grosz 1963, p.165 and the undercarriage consisted of two mainwheels carried on a common axle, plus a tailskid. The tail was of conventional layout with a single fin.
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During this time the engineer Mitrović and Prof. Dr. Ing. Miroslav Nenadović worked together on the project of twin engine light bomber who work called Nemi, and that was supposed to have a similar arrangement which is used in aerodynamics of the MMS-3, but with a tricycle undercarriage. The project Nemi was never realized.
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For carrier operations, the airframe, undercarriage, and tailhook were strengthened, folding wings and catapult attachments were added, and the landing gear was widened.Jenkins 2000, pp. 22–26. To meet Navy range and reserves requirements, McDonnell increased fuel capacity by , by enlarging the dorsal spine and adding a 96-gallon fuel tank to each wing.
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Its undercarriage legs now had rubber compression shock absorbers."Pixie." Flight, 9 October 1924, p. 655. Two were built, one with a 32 hp Bristol Cherub III engine and the other with a 35 hp Blackburne Thrush. After the trials and in the following year, the Thrush was replaced with a 1,100 cc Anzani.
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The rudder projected beneath the boom into the jet efflux and provided effective yaw control even when the aircraft was stationary. The undercarriage was a simple pair of tubular steel skids directly attached to the box structure, porter bars could be attached to the skids to allow the rotorcraft to be carried by hand.
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Many of the engine's subsystems, such as the fully automated cooling system, cockpit gauges, and fuel booster pump were electrical, powered by an engine-driven generator supplemented by two independent batteries. The hydraulic system, necessary to operate the retractable undercarriage, tail hook, and flaps, was pressurised to 1,800 psi by an engine-driven pump.
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By then it had a revised windscreen and faired-in undercarriage legs. Flown by Skraba, it was placed fifth of six. It underwent a major rebuild at the start of 1928 in which the span was increased by and the length by . The changes to the wing dimensions increased the wing area by 7.6%.
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629, 631. The starboard engine drives a hydraulic pump and air compressor, the former being used to actuate the undercarriage and flaps while the latter is used for the braking system; a vacuum pump is also present for the gyroscopic instrumentations. The port engine drives a 500-watt electrical generator.Flight 30 June 1938, pp.
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The IAR.79 was a cantilever low-wing monoplane bimotor, with a retractable taildragger undercarriage. The fuselage of the IAR.79 was made of a welded tubular steel frame and covered with duralumin in the forward section, duralumin and plywood on the upper fuselage surface, and fabric on all other surfaces Mondey 1996, p. 236.
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The resulting design was a single engined biplane with single bay, unequal span tapered wings and a fixed tailwheel undercarriage. The aircraft was powered by a Pratt & Whitney Twin Wasp Junior radial engine.Donald 1997, p.467. The prototype XBG-1 was completed in mid-1933 and evaluated against the competing Consolidated XB2Y-1, proving superior.
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The Citation Ultra Encore was announced at the 1998 NBAA convention, upgraded with new PW535 engines, plus trailing link main undercarriage, more fuel capacity, updated interior and improved systems. Its maximum cruise altitude is FL 450. Deliveries amounted to 168. The Encore was certified in April 2000 with first delivery in late September 2000.
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The range now went from 2.6 to 4.6 tons gross vehicle weight, and the enclosed options of the panel van and compact were available in three wheelbase options. Platform vehicles, crewcabs and numerous undercarriage options completed the range. A special articulated version of the second generation LT, the XLT was available through special order.
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The spacious side-by-side configuration cockpit was covered by a large plexiglas canopy with car-type entry doors on both sides. The undercarriage included levered sprung main legs and a steerable nosewheel. Due to disappointing flight test results and higher priority given to established production aircraft, development of the L.R.5 was abandoned.
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Peruvian Airlines Flight 112 was a domestic scheduled passenger flight from Lima to Jauja in Peru. On 28 March 2017, the aircraft operating the flight suffered undercarriage collapse after landing, caught fire and was burnt out. While there were no fatalities in this accident, thirty-nine of the 150 people on board were injured.
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After building the three seat Avro 639 Cabin Cadet, Avro then designed a larger, five seat cabin biplane, the Avro 641 Commodore. The Commodore had a similar steel tube structure to the Tutor, with heavily staggered single bay wings and a spatted undercarriage. The first Commodore was delivered to its owner on 24 May 1934.
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The oval-section fuselage was a new design, being a partially flush riveted semi-monocoque structure made of duralumin, a first for Tupolev aircraft, and it was fitted with a twin tail. It also had a retractable tailwheel undercarriage, novel for the time.Kandalov and Duffy 1996, p. 64.Green and Swanborough 1994, p. 571.
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Since it was intended for carrier use, the wing also folded – a remarkable technical achievement in view of the small increase in structural weight involved. The undercarriage was a fixed tailwheel type to save complexity.Andrews and Morgan 1987, p. 163. It would have been very challenging to retract the landing gear into the wings.
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The aircraft uses a conventional undercarriage. Each main gear is fixed to the fuselage at three points – two articulated joints, plus one shock absorber. The wheels are made of aluminum alloy and magnesium, and are equipped with independent hydraulic- actuated brakes. There is no parking brake; when parked, it must be secured by chocks.
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The Pup began operations on the carriers in early 1917; the first aircraft were fitted with skid undercarriages in place of the standard landing gear. Landings utilised a system of deck wires to "trap" the aircraft. Later versions reverted to the normal undercarriage. Pups were used as ship-based fighters on three carriers: , Furious and .
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Ordered by the Polish Ministry of Transport as a fast mail-plane, the prototype flew for the first time in September 1933 and was the first P.Z.L. aircraft with a retractable undercarriage. Several tests made at the Institute of Aviation in 1935-1936 showed that the plane had poor performance and was uneconomical to operate.
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Its single-seat cockpit is covered by a two-piece, rearward sliding canopy; there is a small luggage space behind the seat. The undercarriage is of the tailwheel type with the mainwheels on spring steel cantilever legs. These wheels have hydraulic brakes and are enclosed in long glass fibre fairings. The tailwheel is steerable.
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The tricycle undercarriage retracted into the fuselage, which meant that the aircraft had a very narrow ground track. The aircraft was armed with three Nudelman-Suranov NS-23 autocannon, two on the starboard side of the aircraft's nose and the other on the port side. Each gun had 50 rounds of ammunition.Gordon 2002, pp.
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The T.1 could take off from a carrier deck in four seconds, but it was not capable of making a carrier landing and no arresting gear was fitted.Davis 1999, p. 122.Robertson 1970, p. 127. A split-axle undercarriage allowed the aircraft to carry a 1,000 lb Mk. IX torpedo beneath the fuselage.
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Like the Monomail, a retractable tailwheel undercarriage was used.Pelletier 2002, pp. 44–45.Bowers 1989, pp. 200–201. The first of the two prototypes to fly was the radial powered Model 215 which, carrying civil markings and the aircraft registration X-10633, made its maiden flight on 13 April 1931.Bowers 1989, pp. 202–203.
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When threatened by a predator, Tolypeutes species frequently roll up into a ball. Other armadillo species cannot roll up because they have too many plates. The North American nine-banded armadillo tends to jump straight in the air when surprised, so consequently often collides with the undercarriage or fenders of passing vehicles to its demise.
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The Stomo 3 had a tailskid undercarriage with a track of , its vertical, bungee-damped main legs mounted on the wing centre section spar, close to the junction with the outer panels. The legs and much of the wheels were enclosed in fairings and a long, cantilever tailskid kept the rudder clear of the ground.
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The M.1 had a fixed conventional undercarriage, with mainwheels on a single axle mounted on a pair of V-struts from the lower fuselage longerons and wire cross braced. The only armament was a single Lewis gun, mounted well above the upper wing surface. The M.1 made its first flight in 1915.
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The whole venture was to be supervised by the Ukrainian branch of OSOAVIAKhIM. Soon, Nyeman selected the KhAI-1 as the design to proceed with. This was a low-wing, cantilever monoplane with a streamlined fuselage of oval cross-section, and retractable undercarriage. Construction was to be wood throughout, with fabric-covered control surfaces.
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It is covered by a teardrop canopy. Two small, low aspect ratio and untapered canard foreplanes sweep forward from either side of the nose intake. The undercarriage comprises main wheels retracting outwards and twin tailwheels retracting on either side of the engine exhaust duct. On the ground, it sits with a marked nose-up attitude.
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The aircraft was almost ready to attend the competitive tests at RAF Martlesham Heath when W.T. Campbell entered a spin with the undercarriage unintentionally down. An irrecoverable flat spin developed and Campbell had to abandon the aircraft. This ended Bristol's interest in the specification F.7/30 competition, which was won by the Gloster Gladiator.
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The rudder has self-centring springs. The resulting cruciform structure is centred on the propeller thrust line for dynamical stability. The SparrowHawk has a tricycle undercarriage with three equal-size wheels mounted off the keel, supplemented by a smaller tailwheel. Steering on the ground is by rudder pedal-controlled differential braking and a steerable nosewheel.
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The Hi 21's retractable undercarriage was unusual for a glider. A pair of wheels, with a track a little wider than the fuselage, were swung up into it around longitudinal axes by a single lever above the pilots' heads. They retracted into a space immediately behind the seats. There was a single, fixed tailwheel.
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Willard A. Driggers of Washington, DC and Willow Grove, Pennsylvania designed and built the D1-A in 1929. It is a parasol high-wing monoplane with the aerofoil braced from the upper fuselage and lower fuselage. A fixed tailwheel undercarriage is fitted. The tailplane is set high on the rear fuselage and is braced.
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The rudder was controlled by pedals. The undercarriage consisted of a pair of trapezoidal frames, each braced by a diagonal member extended forwards to form a short upcurved skid to protect the propeller in the case of nose-overs, with a pair of wheels carried on a sprung cross axle between the two frames.
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The leading edge of the fin was curved and low; the balanced rudder projected above it and curved downwards to mid-fuselage, below the balanced elevators. The Type 35 had a fixed conventional undercarriage. Each single main wheel was on a vertical, shock absorbing leg. which joined the forward spar through the engine mountings.
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The horizontal tail was mounted on the upper fuselage, braced with V-struts to the lower booms ahead of the rudder post. Its undercarriage was fixed and conventional, with mainwheels on a single axle supported at each end by a V-strut to the lower fuselage. There was a small tailskid below the rudder post.
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The Bristol Jupiter VI FH radial engine mounted in front was fitted with a Townend ring and used a two-blade propeller. The fixed undercarriage with a rear skid was mainly conventional and typical of the period. An unusual feature was a fuselage fuel tank that could be dropped in case of a fire emergency.
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Each engine drives a pump for the hydraulic system, which is used to actuate the engine cowl and wing flaps, the wheel brakes, water drop doors and pick-up probes, as well as for undercarriage retraction; each engine also drives a 28V DC generator which powers the aircraft's electrical systems.Flight International 1968, p. 271.
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It did not attract any orders, but ironically it was impressed into service (with serial number DP240) with the Royal Air Force as a tricycle undercarriage trainer for the Douglas Boston, which was the primary use to which unmodified Cygnets were also being put. The only Owlet crashed near Arundel, Sussex on 30 August 1942.
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An angular tailplane, mounted on top of the fuselage, had elevators with a cut-out for rudder movement. The bomber had a tailskid undercarriage, with pairs of mainwheels on axles attached to longitudinal bars fixed under the engines on N-form struts. Its track was . The C.22 could carry six and three bombs.
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It was a two-bay biplane of conventional design, with staggered wings, two open cockpits in tandem, and fixed, tailskid undercarriage. The C.II was of wooden construction with a plywood covered fuselage and fabric coverings. Unlike the C.I, the C.II used a Maybach Mb.IV. Two additional prototypes were built with different strut arrangements and elevators.
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On July 7, 2016, it flew for the first time since 1956, piloted by members of FIFI's flight crews.B-29 ‘Doc’ takes to the skies from McConnell. Accessed September, 24 2016. Take off was delayed due to issues with the forward bomb bay doors latching shut, and the flight was conducted with the undercarriage down.
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The elevator was supported by tailplane extensions beyond the shroud, similar to that of the fin. Structurally, the shroud was a glass-fibre shell surrounding an aluminium spar and filled with polyurethane foam. The control surfaces were conventionally constructed from aluminium sheet. The XBD-2 had a fixed tricycle undercarriage, with wheels enclosed in fairings.
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There were plans to build three more SVITs with this engine, modifications to the undercarriage, a sliding canopy and a rounded rear decking but only one was completed. This SVIT 70 was scheduled to fly in the Summer of 1971. Registered I-FABO, it was exhibited at the Turin Air Show in June 1972.
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These engines increased the gross takeoff weight to which required the undercarriage to be reinforced and the wing area increased to keep the same wing loading. The M-40F-powered aircraft reached a maximum speed of at . However, the M-40 was not yet ready for service use and the project was cancelled.Gordon, p.
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The resulting aircraft, which was designed by a team led by Ed Heinemann resembled a scaled-down Northrop Delta. It was a low-winged monoplane, of all-metal stressed skin construction. It had a fixed tailwheel undercarriage with its main gear fitted with streamlining trouser fairings. The pilot sat in an enclosed cockpit with a sliding canopy.
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Roche Aviation designed the T.35 during the latter part of World War II as a low- wing touring monoplane with fixed undercarriage. The first example made its maiden flight in September 1944.Green, 1956, p.93 After the war's end, Roche built a series of basically similar sub-models with varying powerplants and seating arrangements.
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The two-man crew sat in open cockpits, while the aircraft's undercarriage consisted of twin floats.Mikesh and Abe 1990, pp. 68–69. The two prototypes were completed and flown in 1930. The AC-1 engine was not successful, however, and the project was abandoned after one of the prototypes was destroyed when an exhaust fire spread to the fuselage.
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In the mid-1950s the Philippine Institute of Science and Technology (I.S.T.) designed aircraft to explore the possibilities of local aircraft production from indigenous materials. The single engine, tricycle undercarriage, low wing monoplane L-17 was one of them. Its wing was a single-piece wooden structure with 5° of dihedral and a straight-tapered plan.
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Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 2010/11 ;X-32AT Bekas: Sports version, certified for limited aerobatics. ;X-32UT Bekas: Dual control trainer version. ;X-32CK Bekas: Agricultural version, which may be fitted with spray bars fed from tank replacing rear seat. ;X-32CX Bekas: Agricultural version for crop spraying ;X-32A Bekas: Ski undercarriage.
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The undercarriage consisted of a fixed common axle conventional landing gear, with a rear skid. Fuel was carried in a tank in the wings, 45 l capacity. The 9-cylinder Salmson AD.9 air-cooled radial engine was rated at , driving a two-blade fixed pitch wooden propeller. Cruise fuel consumption was 11-13 l/h.
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Fixed tricycle undercarriage was fitted, with dual wheels on each unit. The G.II version was almost identical, but featured more powerful engines and carried a second 7.92 mm (.312 in) machine gun and increased bombload. The G.III was again similar, but had engine nacelles that were now mounted on short struts clear of the lower wing.
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Behind it a tubular Dural structure supported the double skinned cabin and a final, wooden tail section. The tail unit was conventional, with a single tall straight edged, round topped fin and rudder. All the flight controls, whether on the wings or the tail, were both dynamically and aerodynamically balanced. The tail wheel undercarriage had inward retracting main legs.
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Fitted with skid undercarriage and open, uncovered tailboom. ;H-13C: 16 H-13B aircraft converted to carry external stretchers in 1952, with skid landing gear and open tail boom of YH-13C. ;H-13D: Army two-seat version based on commercial model 47D-1, with skid landing gear, stretcher carriers, and Franklin O-335-5 engine.
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A French steamer later reported seeing them still on course, but nothing else is known. A crowd of 5,000 is reputed to have waited for them at Mitchel Field, Long Island. In December 1928, eight months later, a single piece of identifiable undercarriage (a wheel with a serial number on it) washed ashore in north west Ireland.
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The 130 hp (97 kW) Clerget 9B rotary was cleanly cowled and drove a two blade propeller. The F.K.32 had a fixed, conventional undercarriage with each mainwheel on a V-form strut attached on the fuselage centreline. Short, vertical legs were fixed to the lower wing spar immediately below the base of the interplane struts.
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Like the Beaver, the Otter can be fitted with skis and floats. The amphibious floatplane Otter features a unique four-unit retractable undercarriage, with the wheels retracting into the floats. Design work at de Havilland Canada began on the DHC3 Otter in January 1951, the company's design efforts culminating in the type's first flight on 12 December 1951.
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The resulting Widgeon III could be powered either a radial engine like the Genet or an inline engine such as the Cirrus. The first Widgeon III flew in March 1927, with production starting later that year.James 1991, p.114. The design was further refined with a duralumin tube fuselage and a new undercarriage to produce the Widgeon IIIA.
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The conventional fixed undercarriage has mainwheels with low pressure tyes on faired V-struts and half axles hinged on an underside cabane. The main unit is rubber sprung; the tail skid is spring steel. Some Holidays have had wheel fairings, others not. The prototype Holiday first flew powered by a 56 kW (75 hp) Régnier 4D.
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During the 1940 May Day Parade the VI-100 was rolled in front of the dais with the undercarriage extended, but interest in a dedicated high-altitude interceptor waned during 1940 and Petlyakov's team were assigned the priority task of transforming the VI-100 into the PB-100 three seat dive bomber by the 1st of June 1940.
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Designed by Hugo FuentesThe Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft p.1997 (hence the HF in the designation), the HF XX-02 was a conventional, low-wing cantilever monoplane of mixed construction with fixed tailwheel undercarriage. The pilot and instructor sat side by side. Two prototypes were constructed at El Bosque Air Base, designated XX-02 and XX-02B.
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It had a fixed, conventional, tailwheel undercarriage of unusually wide track. The small mainwheels were mounted on wide-spread V-struts from the lower longerons at the meeting points with the wing bracing struts and near-vertical landing legs rose to the forward of these, stiffened by another strut to the base of the rear wing strut.
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Fin and rudder both had wooden structures, the former ply skinned and the latter mostly fabric covered. The Peak 100's undercarriage was a little unusual in having two wheels in tandem rather than the more common monowheel plus skid arrangement. It was claimed this made ground handling under heavy conditions easier. There was also a small tailskid.
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The Van Lith VI was a two/three seat light high-wing cabin monoplane of conventional wooden construction. The wing was a two-spar structure with plywood and fabric covering. The fuselage was of rectangular section with plywood cladding. The main undercarriage with fixed legs, wheels, brakes and tailwheel were adapted from those of the Stampe SV.4.
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Other new idea was a scissors-like fixed undercarriage, with shock absorbers hidden in the fuselage. The P.1 was powered with a 630 hp Hispano-Suiza inline engine. The first prototype was flown in August 1929 by Bolesław Orliński. In the first flight, the wing leading edge distorted, but Orliński saved the aircraft and possibly the whole program.
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In practice, fast vehicles usually have significant air drag, and energy lost to air drag rises quickly with speed. Almost all wheeled vehicles have a brake of some sort. Even baggage carts and shopping carts may have them for use on a moving ramp. Most fixed-wing aircraft are fitted with wheel brakes on the undercarriage.
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Grob G103 Twin II landing. Clear view of the new three-wheel undercarriage configuration. The G103 Twin II (a.k.a. the Twin Astir II) is the successor of the original G103 Twin Astir with a nose wheel and a fixed six-inch main gear fitted behind the center of gravity - The main wheel is equipped with a hydraulic brake.
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The Votec 252T has a cabin over the wing, with baggage space behind the seat, under a single piece canopy. It has a fixed tricycle undercarriage with fuselage mounted cantilever legs and with speed fairings on all wheels. The nosewheel casters; there is a small tailskid for rudder protection. The first prototype flew on 26 June 2009.
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The G-21 had a tail skid undercarriage; like the G-15, its legs were attached to the end of the wing centre section with wheels mostly enclosed in large round profile spats. The tail skid was also faired. It made its first flight in 1936. Equipped with extra fuel tanks, it made several notable long distance flights.
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The ground proximity warning system (GPWS), detecting such a low height, constantly warned the crew to lower the undercarriage. Disturbed by the ever sounding horn, the flight crew switched the system off. The airplane was approaching Thessaloniki without apparent problems but faster than usual. Due to that, it turned on to its final approach sooner than expected.
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For its maiden flight the prototype Type 300 was fitted with a fine-pitch propeller to aid in takeoff and the undercarriage locked down for safety. On 5 March 1936, Captain Joseph "Mutt" Summers, chief test pilot for Vickers, took it off from Eastleigh Aerodrome (now Southampton Airport).McLelland 2013, PP. 41-43.Morgan and Shacklady 2000, p. 27.
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185, 187Gunston 1997, p. 133 The delta-shaped horizontal stabilizer was set low on the tail and was shaped much like the wing, with 5% thickness. The rudder was tiny, as were the mass- balanced elevators. The tandem undercarriage legs, similar to those of the Yak-50, retracted aft, although the forward wheel remained exposed when retracted.
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Interior accommodation The LT was designed by Epic Air LLC of Bend, Oregon, to meet demand for a kit-built high-performance single turboprop-engined six-seat private owner aircraft. It has a low-wing layout with the tailplanes mid-set on a single fin. The tricycle undercarriage is fully retractable. Its construction uses composites incorporating carbon fibres.
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Retrieved: 12 December 2007. Fuel tanks were located along the wing leading edges and in "bag" tanks fitted between the main wing spars.Winchester 2005, p. 223. The SC.1 was fitted with a tricycle undercarriage arrangement; while non-retracting, the landing gear could be set between two alternative positions, suited to either conventional and vertical landings.
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Similar in appearance to a scaled-up HD.1, the Hanriot HD.3 was a conventional, single-bay biplane with staggered wings of equal span. The pilot and gunner sat in tandem, open cockpits and the main units of the fixed tailskid undercarriage were linked by a cross-axle. Short struts braced the fuselage sides to the lower wing.
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The latter was cut away at the base to allow for the movement of the single-piece elevator. The main undercarriage was of the split-axle type. The M.26 was powered by a 100 hp (45 kW) Siemens Sh 11 radial engine, mounted uncowled with the seven cylinder heads protruding for cooling. It drove a two-bladed propeller.
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The port rudder, starboard stabiliser, forward nose glazing, undercarriage doors and engine cowling were missing, but the discovery of a small debris field associated with the wreck indicates that some or all of those parts may still be present at the site."Dornier 17 Conservation: Survey". Royal Air Force Museum, 6 December 2012. Retrieved: 30 March 2013.
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The horizontal surfaces were fabric-covered; all the control surfaces were unbalanced. The curved lower rudder edge left clearance for elevator movement. The glider was unusual in having the option of a fixed, narrow track wheeled undercarriage, with a steel axle passing through the lower fuselage. This could be discarded in favour of a more conventional skid.
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Ailerons occupied the whole trailing edge of these sections. The Wien's open cockpit was ahead of the wing leading edge. There was no windscreen, and the instruments, including the still novel variometer, were displayed horizontally, inset into the fuselage immediately in front of the pilot. The undercarriage consisted of a single enclosed skid and a small spring tailskid.
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On the 9th of May, 1940, the prototype collided with a Lockheed Sirius while landing at Vultee airfield, the impact severing one main undercarriage leg. Nevertheless, Breese skillfully landed the airplane with little additional damage. It was subsequently rebuilt with the orthodox cowling as employed on subsequent machines. Flight tests revealed the aircraft was suffering from inadequate cooling.
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The braced tailplane carried separate elevators which, like the rudder, were balanced. The R.V had a simple, fixed conventional undercarriage with steel tube V struts and mainwheels on a rubber sprung single axle, together with a tailskid. The R.V was flying before mid- January 1924. There were plans to accommodate all three passengers in the cabin.
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The first prototype of the G.212, the G.212CA military transport, flew on 19 January 1947.Stroud 1994, p.67. While very similar in configuration to the G.12, i.e. a low-wing all-metal cantilever monoplane with a retractable tailwheel undercarriage, the G.212 was longer, and had a larger wing and a wider fuselage.
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Brown held a shallow climb, waiting to reach before retracting the undercarriage. Brown timed the time it took to retract, which was between 30 and 40 seconds. At he reduced power to 2,500 rpm and raised the flaps at about . With the flaps up a climbing speed of was established giving a rate of "very moderate proportions".
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The undercarriage was retractable, with a pair of small wheels on the end of a trailing arm, each fitted with a vertical shock absorber; the arm was slightly kinked to tuck the wheels almost entirely within the fuselage when retracted and also to act as a protective skid on rough ground. There was a small tail bumper.
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It flew well but did not proceeded past trials with turret mock-up.James 1991 pp.243–4 In 1940 at least one standard Lysander was tested with a pair of 20 mm cannon mounted on the undercarriage, replacing the stub wings; the intention was to use the aircraft for ground attack missions against the threatened German invasion of Britain.
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The undercarriage consisted of tall, strut braced oleo-pneumatic main-legs, attached at the outer engine nacelles, with a light alloy steerable tail-wheel at the end of the fuselage. A second aircraft, built as the MB.61 powered by three Lorraine 5Pc, first flew in February 1931. Neither the MB.60 or MB.61 garnered any production orders.
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The bombardier's combat station was in a gondola underneath the fuselage, where he also operated an underbelly machine gun. The gondola could be retracted into the fuselage to decrease drag. The fixed undercarriage had aerodynamic teardrop covers. Radial engine, PZL-built 840 hp Bristol Pegasus (PZL Pegaz) XXB (maximum power 940 hp), in a NACA-style cowling.
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Elevators and the rudder lacked aerodynamic balances. A conventional skid, running from the nose to below the wing trailing edge formed the undercarriage. The Ballila first flew in 1939. Ten were built, serving all the gliding schools of the R.U.N.A. It could be winch launched and was straightforward to fly, training novice pilots to their B-certificate.
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Before flight trials began, the test pilot, M.A. Nyukhtikov, carried out many fast taxis to assess the handling of the unconventional DB-LK, one of which ended in an undercarriage collapse. Flight trials eventually got under way early in 1940 revealing an excellent performance, but with a high sensitivity to centre of gravity changes. Production was not authorised.
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To carry the missile, the Su-30MKI undercarriage had to be strengthened, which also required new hard points and structural modifications. The cost of adapting the BrahMos for air launch was "phenomenal," but efforts to downsize the missile were abandoned after an attempt to reduce the size of the ramjet.Brahmos Missile Finally Takes Flight on Indian Sukhoi Fighter - Ainonline.
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Normally the main undercarriage was made up of a pair of vees, sprung with oleo/spring struts and provided with brakes as standard equipment, and a free-castoring tailwheel sprung with triangulated shock cords.Simpson, 2001, p. 574 was fitted to most aircraft, although a small number for Brazil were fitted with a tail skid.Brandley, 1981, p.
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It carried a narrow-chord rudder which ran down to the keel, working in the gap between the elevators. The control surfaces were unbalanced. Its undercarriage was fixed and conventional, with a track of . Each main wheel was mounted on a hinged steel cranked axle and a backward-reaching drag strut, both from the central fuselage underside.
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The Seafire was ill-suited to carrier use, as the pilot's poor view of the deck and the aircraft's narrow undercarriage made both landings and takeoffs difficult. Consequently, the Sea Fury F Mk X replaced the Seafire on most carriers."Hawker Sea Fury aircraft profile." Aircraft Database of the Fleet Air Arm Archive 1939–1945. Retrieved: 23 March 2006.
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The Herald was designed and built by Hants and Sussex Aviation Ltd at their factory at Portsmouth Airport two miles north of the city. The design designation H.S.1 was allocated to the aircraft. It was a single-seat ultra-light aircraft and was fitted with a fixed tricycle undercarriage. It was powered by one 40 h.p.
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The rectangular wooden wings had two spars, and were covered with plywood in front and fabric in the rear. Initially it had slotted ailerons on all span, later shortened. The fuselage had two cockpits in tandem, with windscreens and dual controls. The undercarriage consisted of a fixed split axle conventional landing gear, with a rear skid.
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As the heavily damaged choppers returned to Palali airbase, it became clear that further missions might be impossible. Sqn Ldr Vinayraj's helicopter had sustained significant damage. The undercarriage had been hit, the portside battery compartment cover was missing and the whole fuselage was peppered with bullet holes. Wg Cdr Sapre's Mi-8 returned with its hydraulic system damaged.
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At the same time the manual hand-pump for operating the undercarriage was replaced by a hydraulic system driven by a pump mounted in the engine bay.Price 1999, p. 70. Spitfire Is incorporating these modifications were able to achieve a maximum speed of at , with a maximum rate of climb of 2,150 ft/min at . The service ceiling was .
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The Zeferu K-570A is a two-seat parasol-wing monoplane of conventional layout and wooden frame construction. The wing is of straight, untapered configuration and is strut- braced. The fixed, fuselage-mounted tailwheel undercarriage is derived from a Suzuki motorcycle. Power was initially provided by a Volkswagen engine taken from a Volkswagen Beetle motor car.
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In order to accommodate the systems required, the Gannet underwent a significant redesign that saw a new version of the Double Mamba installed, new radome mounted under the aircraft, the tailfin increased in area, the undercarriage lengthened and the weapons bay removed. A total of 44 aircraft (plus a single prototype) of the AEW.3 version were produced.
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The main undercarriage was a single-axle arrangement and with a tailskid.Taylor 1989, p. 93. The first Babies were powered by a water-cooled inline Green C.4 engine of pre-1914 design that had previously been installed in the Avro Type D, though thoroughly remodelled postwar by the Green Engine Co. Ltd.Jackson 1990, p. 165.
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The T-tail possesses a fixed horizontal stabilizer and an elevator with spring trim and automatic connections. The undercarriage consists of two or three fixed wheels. The main wheel lies behind the centre of gravity and has a hydraulically operated disc brake. Checking the tire pressure is hindered by the need for removing the wheel fairing.
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It was a small single-seat biplane of fabric covered wooden construction, powered by a closely faired Napier Lion engine. It had short-span single bay wings and a twin float undercarriage, with radiators mounted on the struts supporting the floats. The first aircraft, with the serial number J7504, was ready for flight testing in September 1924.
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Like the fuselage, all the tail surfaces were covered with ribbed duralumin. The DB-80 had a fixed, tailwheel undercarriage with track of . The mainwheels were independently mounted and fitted with brakes. Each axle was mounted at the lower vertex of a triangular box acting as a cantilever leg, with its upper side hinged from the fuselage longerons.
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The fin and rudder together were of broad chord, the rudder balanced. The Potez XVIII had a conventional undercarriage with two pairs of underwing mainwheels and a tail skid. Each pair was mounted on two V-form struts with aerofoil section, duralumin forward legs and rear telescopic, shock absorbing legs. Only one Potez XVIII was built.
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This was solved by a redesign of the wing cellule to extend its span. At the same time, it was changed from a two-bay to a three-bay structure. The second issue was that the undercarriage arrangement made for very long and uncontrollable landing rolls. This was solved by changing it to a conventional tailskid configuration.
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Its empenage was a steel tube structure with fabric covering. The fin was triangular and carried a deep semi-circular rudder which worked between the elevators. Its tailplane was mounted on top of the fuselage and was adjustable. The LKL II had a fixed, conventional undercarriage with mainwheeels on streamlined struts hinged on the lower longerons.
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Olde Idlewild contained a Caterpillar ride until 2013. Built in 1947, Idlewild's model was one of three similar rides still in operation in North America, one of two featuring a working canopy that covers the riders, and the only one that still utilized an undercarriage fan. The ride was removed to be refurbished and returned in the future.
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Four to six passengers could be accommodated in a fully enclosed cabin within the fuselage. The main units of the undercarriage retracted into wells in the sides of the fuselage. Stabilising floats were fitted against the undersides of the lower wing. Eight C-1Ws were built, and the type was further developed into the C-2.
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USN Hanriot HD.2C landplane on USS Mississippi's turret ;HD.2: floatplane fighter with Clerget 9B engine ;HD.2C: HD.2 with wheeled undercarriage (10 built for USN, plus 2 converted from HD.2 by French Navy) ;HD.12: fitted with wheeled landing gear, powered by a 170-hp (127-kW) Le Rhône 9R rotary piston engine.
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They were based on spruce spars with internal wire bracing. The lower wing was angled downwards briefly as it left the fuselage, enabling a shorter-than-usual undercarriage. Short struts ran from the wing joint of this centre section to mid-fuselage. The fuselage was also a wooden structure of rectangular cross-section formed by ash longerons.
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The Type O had an all-steel tailskid undercarriage, with a pair of spoked mainwheels on split axles hinged from the centre of a transverse rod mounted on four longitudinal V-struts, arranged as an inverted W from the inner, under-fuselage interplane struts. Rubber springs damped the movement of the outer ends and wheels on landing.
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Green and Swanborough 1994, p. 407. The 1MF10 was of all-metal construction, with a monocoque duralumin fuselage, with duralumin wing structure covered in fabric, with the pilot accommodated in an open cockpit. The aircraft was powered by a Mitsubishi A4 two-row 14-cylinder radial engine driving a two-bladed propeller. It had a fixed tailwheel undercarriage.
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There is a single seat open cockpit. The fixed tailwheel undercarriage has each mainwheel mounted on a pair of steel tubes forming a narrow 'V' and fixed under the fuselage. Single bracing struts run forward from the wheel mountings to the lower longerons forward of the wings. Go-Kart wheels and tyres are used, without brakes.
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Access was via side doors. Its tail included a constant chord tailplane, mounted above the fuselage, which carried twin fins inboard of its rounded tips. In the early stages of this much modified airframe, the fins carried rudders as a precaution but experience of direct control allowed their removal. The PA-22 had a split axle, fixed tailwheel undercarriage.
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An hour later, Vladimir A. Yakimov landed 48-3 on the same deck. The pilots would go on to make eight flights from the ship until Yakimov made a hard landing on 5 October. The undercarriage ruptured a fuel tank, causing a serious fire. After almost 30 seconds, Yakimov ejected successfully, and was rescued from the sea.
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Flight 6936 departed from Tehran at 06:35 local time (02:05 UTC) and landed at Mahshahr Airport at 07:50. The aircraft overran the runway on landing, ending up on the Mahshahr-Sarbandar Expressway past the end of the runway. All 144 people on board, including 135 passengers, survived. The aircraft's undercarriage collapsed during the overrun.
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This eight- minute flight came four months after the maiden flight of the contemporary Hurricane.Fleischman, John. "Best of Battle of Britain." Air & Space, March 2008. Retrieved 3 April 2008. K5054 was fitted with a new propeller, and Summers flew the aircraft on 10 March 1936; during this flight, the undercarriage was retracted for the first time.Price 2002, p. 38.
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The fin was triangular and mounted a balanced, curved edge rudder which reached down to the keel. The straight edged tailplane, strut braced to the lower fuselage, was mounted on the fin just above its base. Inset elevators gave its trailing edge an elliptical shape. The Potez 38 had a conventional tail-skid undercarriage, fitted with brakes.
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The take-off appeared to be normal until the undercarriage retracted. The aircraft quickly pitched nose-up into an almost vertical attitude. First the aircraft rolled to the right until the wing was almost vertical, then it rolled to the left. The aircraft reached a height estimated to be between and then began descending and curving to the left.
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The Hawk Major was developed to take advantage of the inverted design of the new de Havilland Gipsy Major engine. Lowering the cylinders below the propeller hub greatly improved pilot visibility and allowed a shorter, lighter undercarriage. The Hawk Speed Six was a single-seat racing variant of the Major with a larger Gipsy Six engine.
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As 305 series, but with strengthened fuselage skin and undercarriage. Long-range fuel capacity and was originally known as 300LR. ;311 :One prototype originally known as a 300LR.Barnes 1962, p. 350. ;312 :Production aircraft for BOAC, 18 built.Barnes 1962, p. 349. ;312F :1960s conversion of 312 to freighter (five converted). ;313 :Production aircraft for El Al, four built.
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Only four days after the Shidens first test flight a complete redesign was begun. The N1K2-J addressed the N1K1-J's major defects, primarily the mid-mounted wing and long landing gear. The wings were moved to a low position, which permitted the use of shorter, conventional undercarriage. The fuselage was lengthened and the tail redesigned.
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This led to a batch of four similar aircraft being built for the airline. The F.222 variant began to enter service with Armee de l'Air in the spring of 1937. Unlike its predecessor, this plane featured a retractable undercarriage. Twenty-four aircraft were produced with redesigned front fuselages and dihedral added to the outer wing.
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The undercarriage supports are integrated into the car body and take the form of cavity-sealed tubular steel frames. The design is torsion-free. The vehicle interior is predominantly aluminium, with no heat release. The vehicles are usually manufactured by Swiss cabin manufacturer, CWA Constructions, itself a subsidiary of Doppelmayr Garaventa Group; or Austrian cabin manufacturer, Carvatech.
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Separate bomb bay and camera doors were fitted to suit either aerial reconnaissance or bombing missions.Flight 1954, p. 870. Short Sperrin in flight, 1956 The Sperrin was equipped with a tricycle undercarriage (a twin-wheel nosewheel and a pair of four-wheel bogies). The nose gear retracted backwards and the main gear into the wings towards the fuselage.
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191–92 The Il-32 was an aluminum-bodied,Zaloga, p. 123 high-wing cantilever monoplane with a fixed tricycle undercarriage whose fuselage was square in cross-section to fit as much cargo as possible. The two-spar wings had a moderate aspect ratio. It was regarded as expendable and was built very simply to facilitate large-scale manufacture.
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An intermediate, three-seat variant with a Rolls-Royce built 97 kW (130 hp) Continental O-240 engine was planned but may not have been built. A four-five seat variant with a 134 kW (180 hhp) engine and retractable undercarriage was also planned, and feasibility studies of a twin-engine version made, but neither reached the construction stage.
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The Kityonok has a conventional undercarriage with main wheels on backward-leaning cantilever legs mounted on torsion bars in the lower fuselage. The mainwheels have hydraulic brakes, and the tailwheel casters. Alternatively it can be equipped with skis or floats. Two production batches of 10 were begun in 2006, on by MAI and one by PRAD.
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Like his earlier two, aircraft Gilbert Landray's GL.03 Pouss Pou () was a tandem wing aircraft in the two axis control Mignet Pou-du-Ciel style. It differed chiefly from the GL.01 and GL.02 in its twin fin, pusher configuration. It also had a tricycle undercarriage. It was an entirely wood framed aircraft with fabric covering.
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As of 4 October 2010, frequency increased to twice hourly. Service was extended to Breda on 3 April 2011. An international service also known as Fyra between Amsterdam and Brussels started 9 December 2012 using V250 rolling stock of AnsaldoBreda. From 17 January 2013 this service had to be pulled due to undercarriage damage caused by ice and snow.
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It was a conventional high-wing cantilever monoplane with fixed tricycle undercarriage. Construction throughout was of wood. The pilot and a single passenger or instructor sat side by side, and later examples had a third seat behind them. The MB.308 was ordered in quantity by the Aeronautica Militare, which leased them out to Italy's aeroclubs.
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Following tests of the Tudor 8, the Ministry of Supply ordered six Tudor 9s, based on the Tudor II but powered by four Rolls-Royce Nenes and utilizing a tricycle undercarriage. The original design was then modified and the type was produced as the Avro 706 Ashton with the first Ashton flying on 1 September 1950.
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The tail section and control surfaces were to be made of fabric-covered wood. A shallow indent on the underside allowed for carriage of a semi-recessed bomb load. The lightly tapered, unswept wing was mounted low on the fuselage and its inner section housed the retractable main undercarriage. A large nacelle was mounted on each wing tip.
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According to Tucker, "I shot her again before I left just because, as stupid as it sounds, I thought she was suffering. So I put her out of her misery." Tucker managed to evade police capture for the next week. During this time, he hid in delivery trucks, one time hiding in the undercarriage of a semi-trailer.
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Its wings were braced to each other with warren truss-style struts. The lower stub wings carried the well separated legs of the fixed undercarriage. The fuselage was of rectangular cross-section and featured a fully enclosed flight deck and passenger cabin. The tail was of conventional design with strut-braced stabilizers and carrying a fixed tailwheel.
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Later, P. Davis rebuilt the aircraft with several alterations. The fuselage was lengthened by 8 in (203 mm), chiefly by moving the cockpit further forward, at the cost of a 7 lb (3.2 kg) increase in weight. The trailing edge of the rudder was curved outwards and a very small dorsal fillet added. Minor undercarriage changes were also made.
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The GB-6 was a two-seat high wing monoplane with tricycle undercarriage, built mainly of wood with fabric and plywood skinning. The enclosed cockpit sat under the straight, rectangular wing which was given a slight dihedral. Each wing tip ended in a shallow end-plate fairing. The tail had a conventional fin with rudder, but no horizontal stabilizer.
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The Phrygane was a conventional, high-wing strut-braced monoplane with fixed tailwheel undercarriage and a fully enclosed cabin for the pilot and either two or four passengers, depending on the version. Salmson sold about 25 examples before the outbreak of World War II. Following the war, CFA attempted to revive the design, but only four examples were built.
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The Jalon's tailplane was mounted a little above the fuselage on a shallow dorsal step, positioned ahead of the narrow chord fin. Both elevators and the generous, deep rudder were horn balanced; the rudder also carried a trim tab. There was a nose skid and monowheel undercarriage, the wheel semi-recessed at the end of the skid.
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An advanced design for its time, the A.2 was a low-wing cantilever monoplane with fixed tailskid undercarriage. The pilot and passenger sat in tandem, open cockpits. Originally powered by an inverted inline engine of 97 kW (130 hp), a more powerful version was developed with a 187 kW (250 hp) engine as a reconnaissance aircraft.
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The M.8 Peregrine was the first twin-engined aircraft developed by Miles Aircraft. It was a low-wing monoplane with retractable tailwheel undercarriage. Powered by two 205 hp de Havilland Gipsy Six II engines it had accommodation for two crew and six passengers. The prototype was built at Woodley and first flown there on 12 September 1936.
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The C.362 and C.366 were single-seat, low-wing monoplanes with a fixed undercarriage. Construction was of wood, with a single-spar wing of symmetrical airfoil section, the spar having spruce flanges and a birch plywood web. It was equipped with split trailing edge flaps. The principal difference between the two types was the powerplant employed.
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The MB.80 was a derivative of the Brochet MB.70, using essentially the same airframe, but with a redesigned wider fuselage and revised undercarriage. The Service de l'Aviation Légère et Sportive purchased ten examples for distribution to French aeroclubs. Most examples were operated in France, but one example was later sold privately to the United Kingdom.
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It was fitted with a retractable tailwheel undercarriage and a twin tail. The fuselage, of similar layout to the competing SNCAO CAO.600 housed the crew of two or three required by the specification in separate cockpits. The bombardier/navigator sat in the nose, with the pilot sitting behind him, above and to the left of the navigator.
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It was a conventional, low-wing cantilever monoplane with twin tails, mounted on the ends of the horizontal stabiliser. Power was provided by two engines mounted in nacelles on the wings that also housed the main units of the fixed, tailwheel undercarriage. The cabin could hold two stretchers, two medical attendants, and a flight crew of two.
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A Shvetsov M-11 radial engine, working in pusher configuration, was mounted high on the rear fuselage with its five cylinders exposed for cooling. Under the engine the fuselage was cut away. The KhAI-4 had a conventional fixed undercarriage, though the need for propeller ground clearance required a long tailwheel leg, producing a low ground angle of attack.
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Fuji Heavy Industries built 176 Beech T-34 Mentor two- seat training aircraft under licence in the early 1950s. Fuji then redesigned the basic Mentor as a four-seat communications aircraft under the designation LM-1. A new lengthened centre fuselage was added to the Mentor's wing, undercarriage and tail assembly. 27 LM-1s were produced during 1955/56.
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The first Whirlwind was written off on 7 August when Pilot Officer McDermott had a tyre blow out while taking off in P6966. In spite of this he managed to get the aircraft airborne. Flying Control advised him of the dangerous condition of his undercarriage. PO McDermott bailed out of the aircraft between Grangemouth and Stirling.
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The pilot and observer's cockpits were in tandem and glazed with the open rear gunner's position behind. The bombardier occupied a ventral combat gondola which had a machine gun position at the rear. The fixed undercarriage was heavily spatted, though not suited for rough airfields. Tanks in the centre section of the wings held 740 litres of fuel.
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In response to criticism of the DH.34's high landing speed, full-span flaps were fitted. To reduce the hazards of ditching, the undercarriage could be jettisoned and the fuselage was made watertight. Passengers sat in four rows of seats, singles on the left and doubles on the right. A rearrangement of luggage space allowed room for toilets.
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It was a conventional biplane with single-bay, unstaggered wings of equal span. The pilot and a single passenger sat in tandem open cockpits. It featured a fabric-covered fuselage in place of the C.230's wooden one, and other refinements including revised control surfaces and undercarriage, and an improved and simplified wing-folding mechanism.
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Flight 4 April 1930 p. 384 In its original form this undercarriage was amphibious, with main wheels mounted on a streamlined cross piece on the float, as on the Moth.Flight 11 July 1929 pp. 628-30 The main axle could be rotated from the cockpit by turning a handwheel and hence raising or lowering the mainwheels.
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The tail sections were built up from steel tube and fabric-covered. The Pitcairn Mailwing had a ground-adjustable fin and in-flight adjustable tailplane. The undercarriage was of outrigger type with Oleo-Spring shock absorbers and disc brakes on the mainwheels. All versions looked very similar and changes were minor, with several fuselage extensions being the most obvious.
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Nose and tail cones are of laminated plastic. The pilot sits in a semi-reclining position, under a long, starboard hinged, canopy which ends at the wing leading edge. The prototypes had longer noses than later aircraft. The Edelweiss lands on a fixed, sprung, monowheel undercarriage, fitted with a wheel brake operated jointly with the airbrakes.
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Five aircraft were impressed into service with the Royal Air Force as tricycle-undercarriage trainers for aircrews slated to man the American-made Douglas Boston. Another two were used by the government for various liaison duties but retained their civilian markings. A trainer version of the Cygnet II was designed with an open cockpit as the GAL.45 Owlet.
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It was all-metal, with flush- riveted, stressed aluminum construction, although control surfaces were still fabric-covered. The XF2A-1 also featured split flaps, a hydraulically operated retractable main undercarriage (and partially retractable tailwheel), and a streamlined framed canopy. However (as was still common at this time), the aircraft lacked self-sealing fuel tanks and pilot armor.
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Production model. ;Doppelraab VI: Span increased to 13.40 m (43 ft 11½ in). Production model. ;Doppelraab VII: Span as model VI.Production model. Doppelraab V at the Deutsches Segelflug Museum, Wasserkuppe (not on public display in 2009) ;Pützer Motoraab: aka MoRaab, a production conversion to motorglider ;Rohn Doppelraab IV: One of several different motorglider conversions with tricycle undercarriage.
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It was a two-bay monoplane of conventional design, with staggered wings, two open cockpits in tandem, and fixed, tailskid undercarriage. The C.III was of wooden construction with a plywood covered fuselage and fabric coverings. Like the Sablatnig C.II, the C.III used a Maybach Mb.IV.Stemp, P.D., 2013. Kites, Birds & Stuff - Aircraft of GERMANY - N to Z. Lulu.
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The Caproni Ca.10 was a single-engine monoplane of conventional configuration with tailskid undercarriage and cruciform tail unit, similar to the Caproni Ca.9 from which it was derived, differentiated by having a two-seats instead of one. The second seat for the passenger was placed below the cabane pyramid, forward of the pilot's seat.
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The C205 is a low wing, single engine aircraft with a retractable conventional undercarriage. It has a wooden structure with a mixture of wood and carbon composite skinning. The low, trapezoidal wings, built around two spars, are entirely wooden apart from Kevlar reinforced leading edges. They have Hoerner-type tips; the trailing edge carries ailerons and electrically driven flaps.
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The unit initially suffered several landing accidents, until the pilots became familiar with taking off and landing on the narrow‑track undercarriage. The first major action of 2.J/88 with the Bf 109-B1, took place during the Battle of Brunete in July 1937. Based near Ávila, its main mission was to escort the Junkers Ju 52 bombers.
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No provision for wing-folding had been made as dive brakes mounted in the wings made that option unfeasible. In order to conserve carrier deck space, a unique "kneeling" nose undercarriage along with a swivelling "jockey wheel" allowed the FJ-1 to be stacked tail-high, close to another FJ-1."FJ Fury." boeing.com. Retrieved: 29 April 2008.
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Both the flaps and undercarriage were electrically operated. The deep RAF 34 wing section eased the installation of the required eight Browning machine guns. The Venom was powered by a Bristol Aquila AE-3S sleeve valve radial engine, hinge-mounted so it could be swung sideways for easy maintenance. The Aquila drove a three-bladed propeller.
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The lowered undercarriage could throw up mud and debris on wet airfields, potentially clogging the radiators.Cross and Scarborough 1976, pp. 60, 62-63. To test the new 1,100 PS (1,085 hp, 809 kW) DB 601A engine, two more prototypes (V14 and V15) were built, each differing in their armament. While the V14 was armed with two 7.92 mm (.
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Dual controls were fitted. Tail surfaces consisted of a narrow-chord fixed horizontal surface with a much broader elevator with horn balances hinged to the trailing edge and a balanced rudder which extended below the sternpost and carried a small float. The main undercarriage consisted of a pair of unstepped flat-bottomed floats. Lateral control was by wing warping.
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The aircraft had a fixed tailwheel undercarriage. The Westland IV first flew on 21 February 1929 at which time it was powered by the 95 hp (71 Kw) Cirrus engine. This prototype was registered as G-EBXK and was certified for a crew of two and four passengers. The second machine had Hermes engines and a metal rear fuselage.
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Below the main display is a panel which displays status reports, and below that indicators for fuel level, enemy missile lock on, "terrain following" status, "automatic landing" availability (activated when the ATF enters the catchment area surrounding allied bases), and undercarriage status. The "terrain following RADAR" prevents the ATF from colliding with the ground but reduces the craft's velocity.
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The aircraft's undercarriage collapsed when it crossed a drain from the side of the runway. Accident investigators established "an over-correction of the portward course of the aircraft possibly accompanied by some application of the starboard brake causing the aircraft to swing starboard off the runway and to encounter the French drain with the resulting failure of the undercarriage" as the probable cause. The pilot's over-correction was interpreted as "a grave error of judgement and skill rather than a wrongful act or default", regardless of whether this was accompanied by an application of the aircraft's starboard brake. The latter involved a Scottish Aviation Twin Pioneer 3 (registration: G-ANTP) carrying three crew members on a demonstration flight from the Indian Air Force (IAF) base at Jorhat Rowriah Airport, Assam, in northeast India.
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The tail surfaces were fabric covered over a wooden structure, apart from the ply reinforced leading edge of the tailplane; they were straight edged and square topped. The tailplane was set at mid-fuselage height and the rudder, hinged at the elevator trailing edge, extended down to the keel. The L21 originally had a fixed undercarriage with solid plywood wheel without tyres, like those on the L15, mounted on an axle which passed through the fuselage on rubber blocks. To absorb vibrations when the engines were at full power for take-off, these wheels were then fitted with tyres but the final undercarriage arrangement had rubber tyred, spoked wheels on a single, faired, rubber sprung axle held below the fuselage by a pair of very short V struts to the lower longerons on each side.
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At the rear of the fuselage a cantilever twin finned wooden tail unit was fitted to improve low-speed yaw control and stability. The spatted undercarriage legs were cantilevered from the engine nacelles and the fuselage under the nose with the main wheels fitted with 'Bendix' pneumatic brake units and the nosewheel steerable from the rudder bar. Any engine of around 150 hp could be fitted, but the prototype was fitted with 150 hp Cirrus Major four-cylinder inverted in-line engines fitted in nacelles at the junctions of the inner and outer wings. An RWD 9 was converted to the RWD 20, by fitting a tri-cycle undercarriage, to speed the development of the RWD 18s, with extensive trials carried out including rough and ploughed field landings, take-offs and taxiing.
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One of the earliest production-standard military aircraft to use a drogue parachute to slow down and shorten its landings was the Arado Ar 234, a jet-powered reconnaissance-bomber used by the Luftwaffe. Both the trolley-and-skid undercarriage series of eight prototypes for the never-produced Ar 234A series — one on the aircraft, and a separate system on the aft surface of the trolley's main axle — and the tricycle undercarriage-equipped Ar 234B production series were fitted with a drogue parachute deployment capability in the extreme rear ventral fuselage. During the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union, drogue parachutes were adopted on numerous spacecraft. Several human space programmes managed by NASA, including Project Mercury and Project Gemini, employed drogue parachutes in their vehicle recovery systems.
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Flight has the two aircraft as Horten XV; though in some early reports Flight refers to "two-seaters", images and references to "long undercarriage" identify the I.Ae.34 M single seater These were single-seaters designated I.Ae.34 M (for Monoplace), though at the competition they were recorded as Horten XV.Flight 18 July 1952 p.75 Horten XV launch The accommodation pod was smaller, though still relatively tall and narrow; the pilot sat near midwing under a removable section that was part wooden fairing, part glazing. Underneath the wing the pod, which now contained a single wheel, reached forward only to midwing. The undercarriage was completed by a nosewheel that retracted into the leading edge of the wing. The single-seater was 25 kg (55 lb) lighter than the I.Ae34.
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Outside of the United States – where the tricycle undercarriage had solidly begun to take root with its aircraft firms before that nation's World War II involvement at the end of 1941 – the Heinkel firm in World War II Germany began building airframe designs meant to use tricycle undercarriage systems from their beginnings, as early as late 1939 with the Heinkel He 280 pioneering jet fighter demonstrator series, and the unexpectedly successful Heinkel He 219 twin-engined night fighter of 1942 origin. A Cessna 150 taildragger. The taildragger configuration has its own advantages, and is arguably more suited to rougher landing strips. The tailwheel makes the plane sit naturally in a nose-up attitude when on the ground, which is useful for operations on unpaved gravel surfaces where debris could damage the propeller.
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Introduced in 2001 as the successor to the D575A-2 SD Super Dozer, the D575A-3 SD Super Dozer is a dedicated dozer with no ripper weighing . Equipped with a standard blade, the D575A-3 SD is capable of moving up to of material per pass, however, when equipped with an optional blade, the D575A-3 SD is capable of moving up to per pass. The D575A-3 SD includes major changes to the frame, powertrain, undercarriage, and blade, making it substantially different from the D575A-3. In comparison to its predecessor, the D575A-3 SD includes a significantly re-designed operator cabin and powertrain electronic control system to increase productivity and a number of durability improvements including reinforced undercarriage roller guards, simpler hydraulic plumbing and longer-life hoses, seals, wiring harnesses, and connectors.
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In addition, privately funded submissions for the competition were encouraged. R. J. Mitchell, Supermarine's designer, came up with a clean-looking inverted gull-wing monoplane with a fixed undercarriage powered by the 600 hp Goshawk II. The gull wing configuration was chosen in order to shorten the undercarriage legs and so reduce drag, but since this configuration was known to be liable to produce problems with lateral stability an extensive programme of wind-tunnel testing using models was carried out before arriving at the final design. These tests also revealed a lack of directional stability: Mitchell accordingly enlarged the fin area. The cockpit was open, and further wind-tunnel tests were also carried out on a full-size model of the cockpit area to ensure that the pilot would not be subjected to undue buffeting.
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In 1955, Société Wassmer, which was formed in 1905 as an aircraft repair organisation, opened a design department, subsequently building over 300 Jodel aircraft under license before producing its first fully original aircraft, the WA-40 Super Sancy. This was a low-winged monoplane with a retractable nosewheel undercarriage. The fuselage was of steel tube construction with fabric covering, while the wings were of wooden construction. The first prototype flew on 8 June 1959, receiving French certification on 9 June 1960. On the 53rd production aircraft (1963), a swept vertical fin and rudder were incorporated (designated WA.40A; first flying in January 1963 and receiving French certification in March 1963); all subsequent units produced continued the swept design. WA.40A Super IV in 1963 fitted with retractable undercarriage.
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The empennage was conventional. The RL.21 had a tailwheel undercarriage with spatted main wheels on cantilever legs, mounted on the wings approximately below the ends of the wing struts. Leduc built the RL.21 over a period of six years with assistance from Sud Aviation and from the Nantes Technical School. It flew for the first time in August 1960.
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The Nu.D.38 was powered by two 160 hp (120 kW) Bramo Sh 14-A4 radial engines, mounted to the main wing spar on steel frames. It had a fixed, conventional undercarriage. A main shock absorber leg was attached to each of the steel engine frames, braced rearwards by a short auxiliary strut. Legs and wheels were enclosed in fairings.
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The Envoy was a four-seat version of the Sportwing. It had low wings fitted with wire bracing from fuselage points just below the cabin windows. The conventional, fixed tailwheel undercarriage was fitted with streamlined spats on the main gear. The low-set tailplane was braced by wires from the middle of the fin. Four civil examples were completed from 1934.
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The improved P.166B was more powerful and had up to ten seats; a prototype was first flown on 27 March 1962. A further version, the 12-seater P.166C with improved undercarriage, first flew on 2 October 1964. A turboprop-powered variant, the P.166D, was developed with Lycoming LTP101 engines and it first flew on 3 July 1976.
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The Rafale had a fixed wide track, tailskid undercarriage. Its wheels were on vertical, slender aerofoil section legs from the wings and were largely enclosed within magnesium alloy fairings. The date of the first flight is not certain but it was certainly flying by 7 June 1934, possibly for the first time. Another six examples built were registered soon after.
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The ailerons were now tapered. The interplane gap was decreased to 4 ft 9 in (1.45 m) by attaching the lower wing to the bottom of the fuselage. The undercarriage was simplified by removing the skids, leaving a simple single axle supported by pairs of inverted V struts. The T.2 flew from Brooklands on 26 June 1914, piloted by Copland Berry.
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The tailplane is braced to the top of the fin and to the fuselage bottom. The fixed conventional undercarriage has mainwheels, fitted with brakes, on split axles mounted from a bungee sprung compression frame below the central fuselage and hinged by faired, V-form legs to its lower longerons. There is a bungee sprung, castoring tailwheel. The Sherwood Ranger first flew in 1992.
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His work on stalls led to a great understanding of the phenomenon and greatly reduced accidents. From 1926 his work was principally connected with reducing drag. In 1929 his paper The Streamline Airplane presented to the Royal Aeronautical Society was seminal. He proposed an ideal aircraft that would have minimal drag which led to the concepts of a 'clean' monoplane and retractable undercarriage.
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The Kora was a two-seat side by side motorglider, intended as a trainer. Its long span, high aspect ratio wing gave it a respectable gliding performance. The overall layout was unusual, with a central pod fuselage in front of a pusher configuration engine and with its empennage on twin tail booms. It had a powered aircraft style tricycle undercarriage.
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The split axle undercarriage used oleo-pneumatic shock absorber struts, dispensing with the bungee cords used on previous Travel Airs. It rode on 8.00 x 10 low pressure tires and was equipped with brakes. Both tailwheels and tailskids were used. A spate of accidents in Bolivia, and the resulting complaints resulted in a redesigned, taller tailskid for the Bolivian examples.
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The MB-4's three-bay biplane wings were all new, with ailerons on the upper wing. It had a conventional tailwheel undercarriage and had two separate tail assemblies, which were standard MB-3 empennages. Dual controls were fitted, with the pilot able to disconnect the co-pilot's controls, but there were no means of communication between the two cockpits.
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The Duck's main pontoon was blended into the fuselage, making it almost a flying boat despite its similarity to a conventional landplane which has been float-equipped. This configuration was shared with the earlier Loening OL, Grumman having acquired the rights to Loening's hull, float, and undercarriage designs.Allen 1983, p. 47. Like the F4F Wildcat, its narrow-tracked landing gear was hand-cranked.
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The original Moustique, later known as the Moustique I, was a shoulder wing monoplane. The wing was rectangular in plan, fabric covered and was wired braced from above and below. The upper wires were attached to a king post protruding from the raised, curved decking ahead of the cockpit and lower wires went to the undercarriage structure. The wings carried full span ailerons.
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The latter have constant chord and carry flaps. The fin and rudder are swept, with a shallow dorsal fin. The single seat cockpit is covered with a windscreen and a separate, prominent, single piece blown bubble canopy. The Pegasus has a fixed tailwheel undercarriage with oleo-pneumatic shock absorbers within faired legs carrying the main wheels within long wheel spats.
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The Poppy has a geodetic structure of Sitka spruce, covered with Dacron fabric apart from a glass fibre engine cowling. The Poppy is powered by an 18.6 kW (25 hp) KFM 107E flat twin two-stroke engine. Its single-seat cabin is under the wings. It has a fixed, conventional undercarriage with mainwheels on cantilever legs attached to the lower fuselage.
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After this the FK.34 was extensively tested by the MLD (the Marine Luchtvaart Dienst or Dutch Naval Aviation Service), to whom NVI looked for an order. At one stage the sale of nine aircraft seemed possible; however there were two accidents caused by the failure of the float undercarriage and no such order was placed. The aircraft was then scrapped.
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The tail unit included a variable incidence tailplane and a rudder with a trim tab. It had an electrically actuated tricycle undercarriage, the main wheels retracting inwards into the wings. The cabin had seats for four or five, two at the front and a bench seat behind. In a proposed air ambulance configuration, the Antilope would have carried two stretchers and a medic.
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Tacke, Willi; Marino Boric; et al: World Directory of Light Aviation 2015-16, page 85. Flying Pages Europe SARL, 2015. The Avia-Tor normally uses a fixed tricycle undercarriage, though floats or skis are options. Each mainwheel is supported by a V-pair of struts joined to the lower fuselage longerons and with a half-axle from wheel to the central fuselage.
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The fin has a curved top which merges into a full, rounded rudder. The AS-57 has a fixed conventional undercarriage; some have had wheel fairings, others not. There is a small tailwheel. Various engines have been fitted; the one remaining active aircraft has a 78 kW (105 hp) Walter Minor 4-III but another had a Regnier 67 kW (90 hp) 4E.
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The Pegasus flew for the first time in 1935 and gained its British Gliding Association certificate of airworthiness no. BGA 232. Early test flights with the improved undercarriage were made in July and August at Maiden Newton, home of the Dorset Gliding Club. It flew in the annual BGA competition held at Sutton Bank in late August 1935 as no.20.
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There was a straight tapered fin and rudder; the latter extended a little below the keel, where it was protected by a small tail bumper. Its braced, blunt tipped and constant chord tailplane was set forward on top of the fuselage with the unbalanced elevator's trailing edge only just reaching the fin leading edge. A simple wooden skid served as the undercarriage.
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The following day it hit a sandbank during taxi tests and later overturned whilst attempting a takeoff. Wackett was on board with Brinsmead and two mechanics; all were unhurt. The aircraft was repaired and made its first flight on 3 December that year. Wackett subsequently installed a more powerful ADC Nimbus engine and an undercarriage, converting it into an amphibian.
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The full-span slotted flaps/ailerons extend and retract in and out of the wing trailing edge, increasing the area of the wings by up to 36%. A tall retractable undercarriage and a T-tail reduce the risk of damage during field landings and reduce drag when in flight. Flight trials commenced at Oberpfaffenhofen airfield with Thomas Fischer at the controls.
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The MiG-21 uses a tricycle type undercarriage. On most variants the main landing gear uses tires that are 800 mm in diameter and 200 mm in width. Only the MiG-21F variants use tires with the size 660×200 mm. The wheels of the main landing gear retract into the fuselage after rotating 87° and the shock absorbers retract into the wing.
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The nose gear retracts forward into the fuselage under the radar. The nose wheel can be lowered manually by simply unlocking its hatch from inside the cockpit. Thus, landing with undercarriage locked in the up position due to an internal failure was not a major issue, with a number of such successful landings on the nosewheel and ventral fuel tank or the airbrake.
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119 with a sliding canopy and DR.100 undercarriage; (EAC - Société d'Etudes Aéronautiques et Commerciales). ;D.11 Spécial ;Falconar F11:Canadian homebuilt derivative design ;Uetz U2-MFGZ: ;Uetz U2V:Straight winged D119 built in Switzerland by Walter Uetz Flugzeugbau ;Aero Difusión D-11 Compostela: ;Aero Difusión D-112 Popuplane: license-built D.112 by Aero-Difusión of Spain.Taylor 1961, p. 126.
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Fixed-wing aircraft with a conventional tail and tricycle undercarriage are vulnerable to tailstrike. Those which require a high angle of attack on takeoff or landing are especially so. They may be fitted with a protection device such as a small tailwheel (Concorde and the Saab Draken), tailskid (Diamond DA20), or reinforced tail bumper. The device may be fixed or retractable.
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Excessive wing flutter was identified and a speed limit of imposed. Returning to Eastleigh, the rudder balance, air intake and engine cowlings were modified, the aircraft given the blue paint scheme described above and the undercarriage doors fitted. These included a second door, hinged off the main one, to close over the outer half of the wheel when in flight.McLelland 2013, p.
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Repairs were carried out at OR Tambo International Airport, Kempton Park, Gauteng. The restored aircraft flew out on 10 November 2006. ;30 December :Douglas DC-3C N781T of Tol-Air Services was substantially damaged when the starboard undercarriage collapsed on landing at Cyril E. King Airport, Charlotte Amalie, United States Virgin Islands after a flight that originated at San Juan, Puerto Rico.
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It consisted of a single centre section and two outer sections installed using four universal joints. The centre section had a large negative dihedral (anhedral) and the outer surfaces a positive dihedral. This created the inverted gull, or "cranked", wing pattern along the leading edge. The shape of the wing improved the pilot's ground visibility and also allowed a shorter undercarriage height.
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Presumably the aircraft was then secretly returned to Germany. In January 1938, three Ju 87 As from the Legion Condor arrived. Several problems became evident—the spatted undercarriage sank into muddy airfield surfaces, and the spats were temporarily removed. The maximum bomb load could only be carried if the gunner vacated his seat, therefore the bomb load was restricted to .
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The nose housed a 115 kW (157 hp) Hispano-Suiza water-cooled engine, driving a two bladed propeller. Behind the underwing single seat open cockpit the fuselage narrowed strongly in both height and width. Both the near circular rudder and semi-circular tailplane were all-moving. There was a fixed conventional undercarriage with mainwheels on V-form struts, assisted by a tailskid.
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Rear control surfaces, like the ailerons are unbalanced; there is a large, centrally placed elevator trim tab. The cabin seats two side by side under a large, single-piece, forward-hinged canopy, with supplementary transparencies behind the seats where there is baggage space. Wing lockers provide further stowage space. The NG4 has a tricycle undercarriage with fuselage mounted cantilever spring legs.
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The first officer landed the aircraft at what appeared to be the runway threshold. It then came in contact with the earth bank which ripped off all three undercarriage legs and the aircraft slid to a halt on its belly. The fire alarm for the port engine sounded, and the crew performed fire drills on both engines. One female passenger injured her leg.
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The most significant thing about this aircraft is that after initial tests, the Avian's second cockpit was removed, and the aircraft's undercarriage was replaced by the same floats used to equip standard Avian seaplanes. In this configuration, the C.12 (now dubbed the Hydrogiro) flew from Southampton Water in April 1930, becoming the first rotary-wing aircraft to take off from water.
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The two-strut undercarriage of the I.A.R. 14 was retained as well, and the tailskid appeared again. A new British radial engine, the Bristol Mercury IV S2, of maximum 560 h.p. (418 kW) output at 4,500 m, was experimented with. The powerplant was covered with a narrow Townend ring and individual exhaust pipes were fitted to each of the nine cylinders.
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The S.50 was also equipped with strengthened undercarriage, and higher capacity wheel brakes, and had manually folded wings. They were equipped to use the AS-30 command guided air-to-surface missiles. Due to the need to patrol the vast coastline, they also specified aerial refueling, and larger underwing tanks.Calvert and Donald Wings of Fame Volume 14, pp. 51–53.
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Retrieved: 14 April 2008. Another flight two days later had to be ended because one of the undercarriage doors failed to close, found to be micro-switch malfunction. Major technical issues discovered during the first year of flight included difficulties with interfacing modern airport electrical systems with the Vulcan's electrical systems, and ingress of water into the airframe in wet weather.
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The front ones were on a steering undercarriage. The driver's seat was mounted on the top of the headboard. Around 1900, the lorry developed a sturdier form for carrying the heavier motor cars. These motor car lorries were two-horse vehicles, partly because of the weight carried but also because the roll-resistance of the very small wheels had to be overcome.
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The Handley Page Hastings was a large purpose-built four-engined transport aircraft.Flight International, 15 September 1947. p. 359. It was furnished with several modern features, such as a Messier-built fully retractable undercarriage, which was operated hydraulically, and unprecedented stowage space for an RAF transport aircraft. Roughly 3,000 cubic feet of unrestricted area was used to house various cargoes or passengers.
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The Compass Cope B was controlled remotely from the ground with no autonomous guidance capability. A television camera in the nose allowed it to be remotely flown by a ground-based pilot. The undercarriage for the YQN-94B came from a Rockwell Commander. The YQM-94's fuselage sits lower than the Rockwell Commander, so Boeing used this as a lift-dumping system.
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Crosby 2007, p. 145. The Wellesley was a single-engine monoplane with a very high 8.83 aspect ratio wing and a manually operated, retractable undercarriage. As it was not known how the geodetic structure could cope with being disrupted by a bomb bay, the Wellesley's bomb load was carried in two streamlined panniers under the wings.Mason 1994, pp. 237–238.
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The cockpit has a side hinged bubble canopy. Normally flown as a single seater, a second seat can be added for training. The fixed, conventional undercarriage is from a de Havilland Chipmunk, with hydraulic brakes in the wheels. The A1's construction was delayed by funding problems: though design work began in 1968, the first flight was not made until 1976.
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The fin was triangular and carried a short, curved, balanced rudder. The D.XV's fixed conventional undercarriage was of the fixed axle type, the axle ends supported on pairs of V-struts and wire cross-braced; there was a tall tail skid. The D.XV was developed over the summer of 1918 and versions with unbalanced ailerons (D.XVf) and overhung, balanced ailerons (D.
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The aircraft is a Comp Air 7 with its fuselage stretched by 2 feet (0.6 m) to accommodate six adults and two children. The Comp Air 8 is configured as a conventional high-wing monoplane with optional tailwheel or tricycle undercarriage. It can be fitted with large floats for water operations. The Comp Air 8 fuselage and tail are constructed with carbon fiber.
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There are wing tip fins and outward opening rudders which extend a little below the wing. The short fuselage is flat sided, mostly occupied by a long canopy over the single seat cockpit. The engine, a Volkswagen 1.2 litre air- cooled flat-four, is in the rear in pusher configuration. The P.40 has a low, fixed, faired bicycle undercarriage.
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A simulated oleo-pneumatic tricycle undercarriage comprises three jacks which can be lowered and dummy oleos extended. In a simulated oleo collapse, the rig lowers onto unobtrusive fixed supports. The main wheel assemblies are removable and a realistic braking system permits training in main wheel removal and fitting. The cockpit incorporates a simulated Mk10 Martin Baker ejection seat and associated safety devices.
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Behind the pilot's transparency there were three starboard and two port side windows. The horizontal surfaces, mounted on top of the fuselage, had both a high aspect ratio and marked dihedral. Originally the vertical tail was rounded and quite small but during development a large, straight tapered ventral fin was added. The H.100 had a tall, rearward retracting tricycle undercarriage.
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The aircraft is constructed of carbon composite materials. The main fuselage and each wing spar is a single piece. It has a fixed (sprung steel) tricycle undercarriage with spatted wheels, a short nose bearing the 180 hp engine and a 3-bladed variable-pitch propeller. The aircraft was re-certified in 2013 with a new MT Propeller following issues with the previous design.
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The aircraft featured a fuselage of square cross-section made from steel tube covered in fabric. The top of the fuselage was left open to create an open cockpit for the pilot and a passenger sitting in tandem. The tiny pusher engine was mounted to the upper surface of a parasol wing. The undercarriage was of the fixed, tailwheel type.
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The P.V.7 was rebuilt with new wings of conventional aerofoil section, a modified tail and a new undercarriage to eliminate some of the problems found in testing. The low power and unreliability of the Gnat, however, prevented either aircraft being suitable for the intended use, and the P.V.7 was not flown after it was rebuilt.Collyer 1991, p.53.
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It was larger and heavier than the Isle of Grain design, with equi-span upper and lower wings, which had bracing wires that ran from the wings through the undercarriage axle to the opposite wing. Initially it had no fixed horizontal tailplane, being fitted with a balanced elevator. Armament was a single Lewis gun mounted to the top wing.Bruce 1965, p.183.
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The ASW 28 is a single-seat shoulder-winged composite construction sailplane with a T-shaped horizontal tailplane and 15 metre wingspan. The upper wing surface has Schempp-Hirth brake flaps. As all Standard Class sailplanes, the ASW-28 does not have flaps or other lift-enhancing devices. It has tall winglets, a retractable undercarriage and a water ballast system.
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