Sentences Generator
And
Your saved sentences

No sentences have been saved yet

339 Sentences With "postulation"

How to use postulation in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "postulation" and check conjugation/comparative form for "postulation". Mastering all the usages of "postulation" from sentence examples published by news publications.

type: All Declarative Interrogative Exclamative

structure: All Simple Compound Complex Compound-Complex

length: All <=10 words 10-20 words 20-30 words 30-50 words

I don't want to make a postulation of that magnitude.
Deans of university law faculties are entitled to a third of the seats on "postulation commissions", which draw up shortlists of potential judges.
Concept-by- postulation blue does not cause concept-by-intuition blue. As Northrop reports in Science and First Principles, (pp. 251–252) concept-by-intuition blue is a multivalued relation. One relatum of concept-by-intuition blue is the angstrom number currently associated with concept by postulation blue.
For a detailed discussion of the justification for the postulation of an underlying stative copulative verb stem in Zulu, cf.
Munro however sought confirmation of his postulation from the Anti-Pope, Felix V, at Basel in the Kingdom of Germany. Felix V confirmed Munro's postulation on 30 May but it was not effective. Munro is heard of again as the Commissary of the diocese of Ross in 1451, while still holding the archdeaconry; he had died by 24 October 1454.Watt, Fasti Ecclesiae, pp.
Albert Mullin (August 25, 1933 - May 16, 2017) was an American engineer and Mathematician who is best known for his postulation of the Euclid–Mullin sequence.
Lindeijer explained that this was the reason that the cause has stalled in the past as none have come forward to assist the postulation in their investigations.
There is postulation that the genetic changes may lead to an abnormality in the brain region, evidence for this postulation is that the areas of the brain that control facial expression and urination are in close proximity of each other. Other hypotheses think that the defective heparanase 2 protein may lead to problems with development of the urinary tract or with muscle function in the face and bladder.
A concept by postulation is one the meaning of which in whole or in part is designated by the postulates of the deductive theory in which it occurs. Blue in the sense of the frequency or wavelength in electromagnetic theory is a concept by postulation. (The Logic of the Sciences and the Humanities, p. 83.) According to Northrop, these two types of concepts exhaust the available concepts (i.e.
He is dead by 26 September 1440, when a papal mandate rejected the postulation of Andrew Munro and provided Thomas de Tulloch to the bishopric, explicitly vacant because of Bullock's death.
Archives preserved by the Postulation of the Cause of Beatification and Canonization of Darwin Ramos. These fields were established by social workers and street educators of the Tulay ng Kabataan Foundation.
This very observation led to the postulation of a "dehydration barrier" being involved in the low-temperature formation of anhydrous magnesium carbonate.Lippmann, F. (1973): Sedimentary carbonate minerals. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 228 p.
After the death of the archbishop of Magdeburg in 1475, intensive negotiations began on the postulation of Ernest. The proposal of the Wettin family, however, met with some resistance from the cathedral chapter, as Ernest was only 11 years old at this time. Nevertheless, the Wettin succeeded in January 1476 in obtaining the required two-thirds majority for Ernest's postulation. However, young Ernest satisfied none of the requirements for his appointment (minimum age of 30 years, ordination as priest, and a university education).
Historian Joan Steigerwald suggests that Goethe's morphology was inherently Romantic, as they were idealistic. She also argues that Goethe's experiences with nature and aesthetics were the driving factors in his postulation of an "ideal" form (the Bauplan).
The postulation was advised to launch another diocesan investigation to assess his virtues as opposed to the manner of his death just in case the initial case was denied and thus would result in another cause being opened. The next diocesan phase lasted from 30 July 2012 until 25 October 2012 with the C.C.S. validating the process on 17 May 2013. The postulation later submitted the Positio dossier to the C.C.S. and historians approved the virtues cause in January 2017. The current postulator for this cause is the Conventual Franciscan friar Damian-Gheorghe Pătraşcu.
These formulations are in themselves real by postulation. Realities by postulation can also be realised in other forms, because sentient intelligence has the ability to recognise the processual and structural character of reality. Therefore, human beings are able to influence it, and create and transcend the historical boundaries that have been reached. For Zubiri there is no need for a realist/anti-realist discussion on if there is or not a reality that is external and independent to human beings, or if reality is a bulk of internal illusions to human beings.
To assume that only one of the relata of a relation could cause that relation is as silly as assuming that the female (or the male) member of a marriage causes the marriage. Nor is the proper relation between postulation and intuition "identity", as can easily been seen using "blue". Concept-by-postulation blue is not identical with concept-by-intuition blue, but is just one among many relata that go to form this complex secondary quality. Neither identity nor causality is the proper relation between sensed blue and theoretic blue.
35; Eubel, p. 9 and 38. The document of Pope John XXI concerning the postulation of bishop Giovanni of Potenza to the see of Monreale actually refers to cardinal Bertrand and even explicitly calls him by name.Stapper, pp.
Another problem with the a posteriori moral search is that we lack an epistemic account of how we access moral facts. This is the epistemic aspect of Mackie's argument from queerness. . Failing such an account, the postulation of moral value will be egregious.
In 1979 - one decade later - the postulation submitted the Positio to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints for their assessment. On 9 May 1985 he was declared to be Venerable after Pope John Paul II recognized his life of heroic virtue.
At the same time Andrés announces his postulation as Governor of Puebla, a move enthusiastically supported by his family, who accompany him on extensive campaigning trips and witness several speeches to the poorer constituents of the state, promising progress and an improved state.
Due to this size increase over time, Megalosauridae appear to follow a size increase pattern similar to that of other giant sized theropods like Spinosauridae. This pattern follows Cope's Rule, the postulation by paleontologist Edward Cope about evolutionary increase in body size.
Experiments and postulation conducted during the 1970s and 1980s revealed a higher number of anti-protons than had been expected and to verify, and investigate further, a series of experiments were designed to culminate in an experiment launched for attachment to the Space Station.
Darwin increasingly suffered more respiratory distress that required consecutive hospitalizations.Archives preserved by the Postulation of the Cause of Beatification and Canonization of Darwin Ramos. Complete Medical File. He uplifted the staff and the children at the Foundation by the way he lived with his illness.
A. maculipinna is currently ranked as Least Concern by the IUCN redlist, owing to postulation that the species is not at great risk of being threatened, due to a lack of fishing in large areas of its region, and the apparent robust health of its environment.Acestrorhynchus maculipinna at www.fishbase.org.
He also associates the legend of Kirtivassa to this temple, but the postulation is not accepted as Kirtivasa is associated with Lingaraja, though both were built at the same time for the same deity, Shiva. There is no historic evidence to conclude that Yayati had built the temple.
One year after, he received First Communion and Confirmation from Auxiliary Bishop of Manila, Broderick Pabillo., D.D., at the chapel of the Major Seminary of San Carlos, Guadalupe.Archives preserved by the Postulation of the Cause of Beatification and Canonization of Darwin Ramos. First Communion Certificate and Confirmation Certificate.
A History of Indian Logic: Ancient, Mediaeval, and Modern Schools, p.23 In the Indian traditions, the most widely discussed pramanas are: Pratyakṣa (perception), Anumāṇa (inference), Upamāṇa (comparison and analogy), Arthāpatti (postulation, derivation from circumstances), Anupalabdi (non-perception, negative/cognitive proof) and Śabda (word, testimony of past or present reliable experts).
It is considered to be a developmental anomaly, and thus is congenital in presentation. It is thought to be derived from neural crest, which is one of the embryologic tissue types. The reason for this postulation is based on the expression of melanotransferrin (melanoma-specific peptide that may play role in iron metabolism).
Northrop’s major contribution to philosophy is in the area of epistemology, specifically his theory of concepts. He divides all concepts into two kinds: intuition and postulation. For Northrop, the source of the meaning of the concept is the source of its difference. This can be seen from the definitions of these concepts.
He calls it "logical realism in epistemic correlation with radical empiricism." In other words, reason (in the form of concepts-by-postulation) epistemically correlated with the senses (in the form of concepts-by-intuition). The consequences of this theory cannot be overestimated. It has ramifications for psychology, epistemology, religion, culture and philosophy.
This postulation was confirmed when Jin et al. employed Cdc2AF, an unphosphorylatable mutant of Cdk1, and saw accelerated entry to cell division due to the nuclear localization of the cyclin B. Therefore, nuclear localization of cyclin B is necessary but not sufficient to trigger cell division. In investigation of cell cycle regulation, Jin et al.
It is speculated to have come from a yet unknown aqueduct. Channels and reservoirs to leading the bath do survive and suggest a more complicated system than direct delivery. One postulation is that this was to allow the water to heat in the sun before being used in the baths, or else just control temperature.
The supposed miracle that could have led to canonization was investigated and then validated on 12 December 2003 though could not proceed further because the medical board disapproved of this in their meeting held on 3 July 2008. The postulation was informed of this failure and so the case was discarded since it was debunked.
The postulation to the bishopric of Andrew Munro, Archdeacon of Ross, by the cathedral chapter of Fortrose was rejected by Pope Eugenius IV. He was in Scotland in May 1443.Dowden, Bishops, p. 218. He was witness to a royal charter on 24 January 1450. He attended the Edinburgh parliament of 24 September 1451.
Dowden, Bishops, p. 218; Watt, Fasti Ecclesiae, p. 268. Despite much effort and expense, the postulation was rejected by Pope Eugenius IV, who provided instead Thomas Tulloch, the cathedral Dean. In compensation, on 4 March 1441, Eugenius granted Munro a pension of £40, to be taken from the mensal revenues of the Bishop of Ross.
A concept by intuition is one which denotes, and the complete meaning of which is given by something that is immediately apprehended. Northrop gives blue in "the sense of the sensed color" as an example of a concept by intuition. (The Logic of Science and Humanities, p. 82.) The other kind is concepts by postulation.
The two sources of all our knowledge give information that is both complementary and supplementary. Without concepts-by-intuition we could never know the world in its particularity. Without concepts-by-postulation we could never know the world in its universality and necessity. We now have enough information to give a name to Northrop's epistemology.
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and > Animals. London:John Murray, 366. Fulltext. Succeeding this postulation, William James (who was also a principal contributor to the related James-Lange theory) proposed that instead of the common belief an emotional state results in muscular expression, proprioception activated by a stimulus "is the emotion".James, W. (1890).
Differential geometry uses tools from calculus to study problems involving curvature. Differential geometry uses techniques of calculus and linear algebra to study problems in geometry. It has applications in physics, econometrics, and bioinformatics, among others. In particular, differential geometry is of importance to mathematical physics due to Albert Einstein's general relativity postulation that the universe is curved.
These statutes were finally repealed by the Statute Law Revision Act 1948. At present, the Pope makes use of this right only in certain defined circumstances. The bishop's power is further restricted at times to confirming an election or postulation; or to approving candidates presented by one who enjoys the right of presentation by privilege, custom, or prescription.
Professor Donald Watt has suggested that Albin was probably aligned with the Durward faction, in contrast, for instance, to the allegedly Comyn aligned Clement of Dunblane.Watt, Dictionary, pp. 5-7. Watt even argued that Albin's postulation was probably due to the influence of Alan Durward, who at the time was a close advisor of King Alexander II.
After many years in collaboration with John Henry Schwarz, he co-discovered the anomaly cancellation in type I string theory in 1984. This insight, named the Green–Schwarz mechanism, initiated the First Superstring Revolution. Green has also worked on Dirichlet boundary conditions in string theory which have led to the postulation of D-branes and instantons.
On 7 June 1988 a historical commission in Rome had to meet to see whether or not there were obstacles that could impede the process; the board granted their approval and thus allowed for the cause to proceed to the next stage. The postulation submitted the Positio - complete with biographical details and making the case for his sainthood - in 1989 with the Congregation for the Causes of Saints granting ratification to the previous diocesan processes on 2 June 1989. He was declared to be Venerable on 6 April 1995 after Pope John Paul II acknowledged the fact that he had lived a model life of heroic virtue that was consistent with Christian ethics and Gospel principles. The miracle needed for his beatification was reported to the postulation and then investigated in its diocese of origin.
Mannerist painter, ca. 1533 The dream argument is the postulation that the act of dreaming provides preliminary evidence that the senses we trust to distinguish reality from illusion should not be fully trusted, and therefore, any state that is dependent on our senses should at the very least be carefully examined and rigorously tested to determine whether it is in fact reality.
Upon its conclusion the previous processes were submitted to Rome and were validated there at the discretion of the Congregation of Rites. The postulation then submitted the Positio to Roman officials for their own investigation in 1983. This led to Pope John Paul II proclaiming Piamarta to be Venerable on 22 March 1986 upon the recognition of his life of heroic virtue.
The postulation compiled the Positio in 1990 and sent it to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints in Rome for their own investigation. The dossier included biographical details amongst other things. On 24 April 2001 she was granted the title of Venerable after Pope John Paul II acknowledged the fact that Sordini had lived a model life of heroic virtue.
Reports from 2014 indicate a potential miracle from the United States attributed to the intercession of the late pope that was reported to the postulation. The miracle pertains to a male plagued with severe influenza and pneumonia that could have proven to be fatal; the individual was said to have been healed in full after a novena to Pius XII.
Most cancer cells use alternative metabolic pathways to generate energy, a fact appreciated since the early twentieth century with the postulation of the Warburg hypothesis,O. Warburg, K. Posener, E. Negelein: "Ueber den Stoffwechsel der Tumoren" Biochemische Zeitschrift, 152, pp. 319–344, 1924. (German). Reprinted in English in the book On metabolism of tumors by O. Warburg, Publisher: Constable, London, 1930.
In 1238, after the death of William de Malveisin, bishop of St Andrews, Geoffrey was postulated to that see. However, this postulation was disallowed by the Pope, and Geoffrey remained bishop of Dunkeld. Geoffrey was one of the bishops present at the coronation of King Alexander III in 1249. He died at Tippermuir on St Cecilia's Day (22 November) 1249.
Darwin Ramos was born on December 17, 1994 in Doña Marta Maternity Hospital, in Pasay, Metro Manila.Archives preserved by the Postulation of the Cause of Beatification and Canonization of Darwin Ramos. Birth Certificate established in Pasay City (Philippines) Darwin spent his early years with his family along P. Villanueva St., Pasay. Their house was in a slum between EDSA and Libertad LRT stations.
The beatification process started in Tarragona in 1944 and concluded a short time later in 1945 while the Congregation for the Causes of Saints later validated this process several decades later on 7 June 1985 in Rome; the postulation sent the Positio dossier to the C.C.S. in 1988 for assessment. Theological experts first approved on 24 February 1989 that he was killed "in odium fidei" ("in hatred of the faith") while the C.C.S. conceded the same thing in their meeting on 17 October 1989. Pope John Paul II confirmed on 21 December 1989 that Barbal was killed in hatred of his faith and then beatified Barbal on 29 April 1990. One miracle was required for his sanctification and when news reached the postulation about one such case it was investigated in the diocese of its origin.
He is credited with establishing criminology concentration at West Virginia University. He received an AB (1969) and MA (1973) from Saint Louis University and a Ph.D. from Boston College in 1985. One of his particular claims to fame is the postulation, with Anthony F. Buono, of the Stockholder–stakeholder model of corporate social responsibility in the seminal work, "Stockholder and Stakeholder Interpretation of Business' Social Role".
This view has also faced criticism later. According to excavations, the fort seems to have been in operation at least during the 13th and 15th centuries. This timing gives the postulation that it was built by the inhabitants in their struggles against invading Novgorodians and Swedes. Parts of it may be even earlier, since the area has been inhabited already in the 7th century.
When a laser beam shines on the material, a random and unique speckle pattern will arise. The placement of the light scattering particles is an uncontrolled process and the interaction between the laser and the particles is very complex. Therefore, it is very hard to duplicate the optical PUF such that the same speckle pattern will arise, hence the postulation that it is "unclonable".
The explanation is that the conversion factors – the price level and the wage rate – are not neutral like physical units, but themselves part of the analysis. Keynes had avoided real values because their use requires the postulation of a single 'representative' price level. At times in the General Theory he allowed every industry to have its own price and elasticity of employment.E.g. Chapter 20.
Following Schapera and rejecting Meinhof, he classified Hottentot as a member of the Central Khoisan languages. To Khoisan he also added the much more northerly Hadza (Hatsa) and Sandawe. His most revolutionary step was the postulation of the Nilo-Saharan family. This is still controversial, because so far attempts to reconstruct this family have been unsuccessful, but it holds promise and is it widely used.
In 1992 the postulation submitted the Positio to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints for further assessment. Theologians approved the contents on 14 March 2000 while the C.C.S. followed likewise on 6 June 2000. On 1 July 2000 she was proclaimed to be Venerable after Pope John Paul II declared the fact that she had lived a model Christian life of heroic virtue.
Retrieved 2019-03-25. People who identify as transgender demonstrate increased risk for depression, anxiety, and post- traumatic stress disorder. Sigmund Freud postulated that women were more prone to neurosis because they experienced aggression towards the self, which stemmed from developmental issues. Freud's postulation is countered by the idea that societal factors, such as gender roles, may play a major role in the development of mental illness.
A total of 57 witnesses were questioned: 3 were co-witnesses, the postulation summoned 39 and 15 were called "ex officio". The theologians collated all of his spiritual writings and declared that these writings were not in contradiction of the magisterium therefore approved them on 18 February 1972. But these writings were approved on 30 July and 24 October 1941 though made public on 9 September 1970 and made official in 1972. The formal introduction to the cause came under Pope John Paul II on 11 May 1982 and Scalabrini was titled as a Servant of God; the apostolic process was dispensed with. The Congregation for the Causes of Saints validated the process on 20 December 1985 and received the Positio dossier from the postulation in 1986 before theologians approved the dossier on 25 November 1986 as did the C.C.S. on 17 February 1987.
The postulation compiled the Positio for the Congregation and submitted it to them upon its completion in 2012. On 5 March 2015 the theologians advising the Congregation approved his life and virtues while the Congregation itself met on 23 February 2016 and also approved the cause's continuation – it received papal approval on 3 March 2016 allowing for Pope Francis to declare him as Venerable. The postulator is Pierluigi Cameroni.
Gilbert subsequently went on to hold the position of Chancellor of Scotland for many years, albeit in an interrupted manner. Gilbert was subsequently postulated to the more prestigious bishopric of St. Andrews after the death of Walter de Danyelston, its previous Bishop-elect. However, Avignon Pope Benedict XIII quashed the postulation, and chose Henry Wardlaw in his stead. Gilbert, then, remained Bishop of Aberdeen, and died in 1421.
In Bunsen's words "the smell of this body produces instantaneous tingling of the hands and feet, and even giddiness and insensibility...It is remarkable that when one is exposed to the smell of these compounds the tongue becomes covered with a black coating, even when no further evil effects are noticeable". Work on cacodyl led Bunsen to the postulation of "methyl radicals" as part of the then-current radical theory.
The postulation also drew upon the testimony of Giuseppe Denora di Altamura who claimed to have been cured of cancer by the intercession of the late pontiff. An official investigation into the alleged miracle commenced on 14 May 2007 and concluded on 30 May 2009 with the C.C.S. validating the process on 25 March 2010.John Paul I's Miracle Goes to Rome. National Catholic Register, 8 June 2009.
That depends on whether or not there is a constitutive relationship between thought and consciousness. Keith Frankish assumes throughout the paper that we can account for thoughts, such as beliefs and other mental representations, without the postulation of consciousness. In this he follows the dominant view in analytic philosophy that there is no essential connection between thought and consciousness. This view was largely unquestioned in the twentieth century.
At the Tulay ng Kabataan Foundation (meaning "a bridge for children" in Tagalog), Darwin lived with boys and girls with special needs caused by different disabilities. He was baptized under Catholic rite Archives preserved by the Postulation of the Cause of Beatification and Canonization of Darwin Ramos. Baptism Certificate. on December 23, 2006 at the Shrine of Mary, Queen of Peace, Our Lady of EDSA (also known as the EDSA Shrine).
After the death of Escrivá de Balaguer on 26 June 1975, the Postulation for the Cause of his beatification and canonization received many testimonies and postulatory letters from people all over the world. On the fifth anniversary of Escrivá's death, the Postulation solicited the initiation of the cause of beatification from the Vatican Congregation for the Causes of Saints. One-third of the world's bishops (an unprecedented number) petitioned for Escrivá's beatification. His cause for beatification was introduced in Rome on 19 February 1981 on the strength of the apparently miraculous cure in 1976 of a rare disease, lipomatosis, suffered by Sister Concepción Boullón Rubio, whose family had prayed to Escrivá to help her. On 9 April 1990, Pope John Paul II declared that Escrivá possessed Christian virtues to a "heroic degree", and on 6 July 1991 the Board of Physicians for the Congregation of the Causes of Saints unanimously accepted the cure of Sister Rubio.
The C.C.S. later validated this process on 21 January 1994. The postulation later submitted the Positio dossier to the C.C.S. for assessment in December 1999 though the cause remained inactive for sometime until 30 June 2015 when theologians provided an affirmative response and approved the cause after having inspected the dossier. Cardinal Angelo Amato - the C.C.S. prefect - chaired the session of the C.C.S. members that approved the cause on 19 April 2016.
The postulation compiled and submitted the Positio dossier to the C.C.S. in 2002 for further assessment at which stage historians approved it on 23 April 2002 after meeting. Theologians likewise approved the cause a decade later on 1 March 2013 as did the members of the C.C.S. on 2 March 2014. Pope Francis confirmed on 8 July 2014 that Viçoso had lived a model Christian life of heroic virtue and so named him as Venerable.
In physics, his postulation that the indefinite (or apeiron) was the source of all things led Greek philosophy to a new level of conceptual abstraction. His knowledge of geometry allowed him to introduce the gnomon in Greece. He created a map of the world that contributed greatly to the advancement of geography. He was also involved in the politics of Miletus and was sent as a leader to one of its colonies.
What is Language Development?: Rationalist, Empiricist, and Pragmatist Approaches to the Acquisition of Syntax. Oxford University Press. In modern times, this debate has largely surrounded Chomsky's support of a universal grammar, properties that all natural languages must have, through the controversial postulation of a language acquisition device (LAD), an instinctive mental 'organ' responsible for language learning which searches all possible language alternatives and chooses the parameters that best match the learner's environmental linguistic input.
Arthāpatti (अर्थापत्ति), postulation, derivation from circumstances. In contemporary logic, this pramana is similar to circumstantial implication.Arthapatti Encyclopædia Britannica (2012) As example, if a person left in a boat on river earlier, and the time is now past the expected time of arrival, then the circumstances support the truth postulate that the person has arrived. Many Indian scholars considered this Pramana as invalid or at best weak, because the boat may have gotten delayed or diverted.
Note that the problem is: "what is the epistemic correlate of one's directly inspected visual image?" The problem is not what is really real. Unlike (certain interpretations of) Plato and Plotinus, there is in Northrop no propensity to degrade or downgrade the world-as-it-is-sensed in favor of the world-as-known by concepts-by-postulation. To experience the visual image of blue is as epistemically valuable and irreducible as knowing blue postulationally.
Specifically, it was found that even after controlling for g, some tests were still correlated with each other. This led to the postulation of group factors that represent variance that groups of tests with similar task demands (e.g., verbal, spatial, or numerical) have in common in addition to the shared g variance.Jensen 1998, 18, 31–32 An illustration of John B. Carroll's three stratum theory, an influential contemporary model of cognitive abilities.
The postulation was then able to submit the Positio to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints in 1989 for their assessment and led to the approval of the cause from a team of theologians on 9 November 1990. The C.C.S. then met and approved the dossier's contents on 6 July 1991. John Paul II proclaimed her to be Venerable on 6 July 1991 after confirming that Bruna had led a life of heroic virtue.
Marsupionta is a hypothesised subclass within the Mammalia group. The existence of Marsupionta is a postulation by some researchers as a category devolving upon a notional unification between marsupials (Marsupialia, Metatheria) with the egg-laying monotremes (Monotremata, Protheria). Under this suggested classification, placental mammals (Placentalia, Eutheria) would be the sister subclass to Marsupionta. The Marsupionta hypothesis was proposed in 1947 by W.K. Gregory and has since been the subject of multiple studies.
Showing his own skepticism toward this postulation, as he could not find material evidence of the existence of spirits. Jung's ideas about the paranormal culminated in "synchronicity", his idea that meaningful connections in the world manifest through coincidence with no apparent causal link. What he referred to as "acausal connecting principle". Despite his own experiments failing to confirm the phenomenon he held on to the idea as an explanation for apparent ESP.
The postulation later drafted a Positio dossier which documented Kitahara's life and virtues and which was published on 14 August 1997. This dossier was sent to the C.C.S. in 1998 for assessment. Theologians confirmed the cause on 12 June 2014 as did the cardinal and bishop members of the C.C.S. on 13 January 2015. Pope Francis confirmed that Kitahara lived a model Christian life of heroic virtue on 22 January 2015 and named her as Venerable.
Arthāpatti (अर्थापत्ति) means postulation, derivation from circumstances. In contemporary logic, this pramana is similar to circumstantial implication.Arthapatti Encyclopædia Britannica (2012) As example, if a person left in a boat on river earlier, and the time is now past the expected time of arrival, then the circumstances support the truth postulate that the person has arrived. Many Indian scholars considered this pramana as invalid or at best weak, because the boat may have gotten delayed or diverted.
Arthāpatti (अर्थापत्ति) means postulation, derivation from circumstances. In contemporary logic, this pramāṇa is similar to circumstantial implication.Arthapatti Encyclopædia Britannica (2012) As example, if a person left in a boat on a river earlier, and the time is now past the expected time of arrival, then the circumstances support the truth postulate that the person has arrived. Many Indian scholars considered this pramāṇa as invalid or at best weak, because the boat may have gotten delayed or diverted.
Cloud formations in a famous image of Earth from Apollo 17, makes similar circulation directly visible Perhaps the most important impact of the Coriolis effect is in the large-scale dynamics of the oceans and the atmosphere. In meteorology and oceanography, it is convenient to postulate a rotating frame of reference wherein the Earth is stationary. In accommodation of that provisional postulation, the centrifugal and Coriolis forces are introduced. Their relative importance is determined by the applicable Rossby numbers.
They point to the fact that the pre-Islamic pagans of Mecca fasted on the tenth day of Muharram to expiate sin and avoid drought. Philip Jenkins argues that the observance of Ramadan fasting grew out of "the strict Lenten discipline of the Syrian Churches," a postulation corroborated by other scholars, including theologian Paul-Gordon Chandler,Jenkins, Philip (2006). The New Faces of Christianity: Believing the Bible in the Global South. p. 182. Oxford University Press.
Nelson's research interests are in the fields of complex systems inquiry, complex organizational systems design, advanced design education in formal and informal settings, deep design/critique and advanced design postulation and axiom development. His focus is in two areas: the first is on the development of design competent organizations, and the second is on innovation leadership. Nelson is particularly known for the 2003 book The Design Way, co-authored with Erik Stolterman. John Zimmerman et al.
Cosmology is a branch of metaphysics that deals with the nature of the universe, a theory or doctrine describing the natural order of the universe. The basic definition of Cosmology is the science of the origin and development of the universe. In modern astronomy the Big Bang theory is the dominant postulation. Philosophy of cosmology is an expanding discipline, directed to the conceptual foundations of cosmology and the philosophical contemplation of the universe as a totality.
Artificial systems inherently have a major defect: they must be premised on one or more fundamental assumptions upon which additional knowledge is built. These fundamental assumptions are not inherently deleterious, but they must by definition be assumed as true, and if they are actually false then the system is not as structurally integral as is assumed. For example, in geometry this is very evident in the postulation of theorems and extrapolation of proofs from them. George J. KlirKlir, 1969, pp.
The beatification process opened on 10 August 1992 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the "nihil obstat" (nothing against) edict and titled Lustosa as a Servant of God. The diocesan process was then overseen in Fortaleza from 14 August 1993 until 14 August 2001; the C.C.S. validated this process on 2 May 2003 before receiving the Positio dossier from the postulation in 2008 for assessment. The current postulator for this cause is the Salesian priest Pierluigi Cameroni.
Charvaka epistemology represents minimalist pramāṇas (epistemological methods) in Hindu philosophy. The other schools of Hinduism developed and accepted multiple valid forms of epistemology. To Charvakas, Pratyakṣa (perception) was the one valid way to knowledge and other means of knowledge were either always conditional or invalid. Advaita Vedanta scholars considered six means of valid knowledge and to truths: Pratyakṣa (perception), Anumāna (inference), Upamāna (comparison and analogy), Arthāpatti (postulation), Anupalabdhi (non-perception, cognitive proof) and Śabda (word, testimony of past or present reliable experts).
Cat's Eye Nebula (NGC 6543) Cat's Eye Nebula (NGC 6543) Nebulium was a proposed element found in astronomical observation of a nebula by William Huggins in 1864. The strong green emission lines of the Cat's Eye Nebula, discovered using spectroscopy, led to the postulation that an as yet unknown element was responsible for this emission. In 1927, Ira Sprague Bowen showed that the lines are emitted by doubly ionized oxygen (O2+), and no new element was necessary to explain them.
The Congregation for the Causes of Saints later validated all previous processes on 7 June 2002 and received the official Positio dossier from the postulation in 2002. Theologians voiced their assent to the cause on 30 May 2008 and the cardinal and bishop members of the C.C.S. also voiced their approval for the cause on 20 January 2009. The confirmation of Rudigier's model Christian life of heroic virtue allowed for Pope Benedict XVI to name Rudigier as Venerable on 3 April 2009.
He was beatified on 17 May 1992. By way of a letter dated 15 March 1993, the Postulation for the Cause received news about the miraculous cure of Dr. Manuel Nevado Rey from cancerous chronic radiodermatitis, an incurable disease, which took place in November 1992. The reported miracle, apparently brought about by Escrivá's intervention, was ruled valid by the Congregation for the Causes of Saints and approved by Pope John Paul II in December 2001, enabling the canonization of Escrivá.
The Markedness model, developed by Carol Myers-Scotton, is one of the more complete theories of code-switching motivations. It posits that language users are rational and choose to speak a language that clearly marks their rights and obligations, relative to other speakers, in the conversation and its setting. When there is no clear, unmarked language choice, speakers practice code-switching to explore possible language choices. Many sociolinguists, however, object to the Markedness Model's postulation that language-choice is entirely rational.
The miracle needed for his beatification was reported to the postulation and investigated in a diocesan process that opened in April 1996 and closed one month later. It was validated on 25 October 1996 and sent to a medical board that approved the healing to be a miracle on 17 December 1998. Theologians also voiced their approval on 23 March 1999 while the C.C.S. also approved it on 18 May 1999. The pope himself provided the final approval on 28 June 1999.
The C.C.S. validated the diocesan phase on 30 November 2006 after determining that the tribunal adhered to the C.C.S. regulations for conducting causes. The Dominican priest Vito Tomás Gómez was appointed as the postulator at this stage. On 21 November 2016 the postulation submitted the official Positio dossier to the C.C.S. Cardinal Prefect Angelo Amato so that the C.C.S. could investigate the cause further. Theologians approved the cause after assessing the dossier as did the C.C.S. cardinal and bishop members sometime following this.
This case exemplifies the general fact that natural language is insufficiently specified for strict logical meaning. Robert May argued for the postulation of LF partly in order to account for such ambiguities (among other motivations). At LF, the sentence above would have two possible structural representations, one for each possible scope-reading, in order to account for the ambiguity by structural differentiation. In this way it is similar in purpose to, but not the same as, logical form in logic.
The C.C.S. validated this process in Rome on 19 January 2007. The postulation submitted the Positio to the C.C.S. in 2013 for further investigation into the cause while theologians voiced their approval to the contents of the Positio in a meeting on 5 June 2014. The C.C.S. did likewise in 2014 before passing it to the pope for his final approval. Pope Francis proclaimed Blanco to be Venerable on 22 January 2015 after confirming that she had indeed lived a model life of heroic virtue.
The C.C.S. later validated these two processes in Rome on 9 June 2012. The postulation drafted and later submitted the Positio dossier to the C.C.S. officials on 15 September 2014 for evaluation with nine theologians approving the cause on 21 June 2016 after having assessed the dossier. The cardinal and bishop members of the C.C.S. approved the cause later on 5 December 2017. Samà became titled as Venerable on 18 December 2017 after Pope Francis confirmed that she had lived a model life of heroic virtue.
The C.C.S. received the Positio dossier from the postulation later in 2014. The theologians advising the congregation issued their approval to the argument that the two were killed in hatred of the faith in their meeting held on 31 May 2016, while the members of the C.C.S. also confirmed this on 26 September 2017. Pope Francis confirmed their beatification in a decree promulgated on 9 October 2017 in an audience with the congregation's prefect. The beatification was held in Izabal, Guatemala on 27 October 2018.
Another common argument against dualism consists in the idea that since human beings (both phylogenetically and ontogenetically) begin their existence as entirely physical or material entities and since nothing outside of the domain of the physical is added later on in the course of development, then we must necessarily end up being fully developed material beings. There is nothing non-material or mentalistic involved in conception, the formation of the blastula, the gastrula, and so on. The postulation of a non-physical mind would seem superfluous.
The postulation - officials in charge of the cause - submitted the official Positio dossier to the C.C.S. in 1990 for investigation. This dossier was the culmination of the informative and apostolic process with biographical information and that information attesting to her holiness. Theologians approved the dossier on 23 June 1992 as did the C.C.S. members later on 12 January 1993. Rolón was declared to be Venerable on 2 April 1993 after Pope John Paul II confirmed that the late religious lived a life of heroic virtue.
Abdus Salam lectures on G.U.T. at the University of Chicago's Oriental InstituteIn 1966, Salam carried out pioneering work on a hypothetical particle. Salam showed the possible electromagnetic interaction between the Magnetic monopole and the C-violation, thus he formulated the magnetic photon. Following the publication of PRL Symmetry Breaking papers in 1964, Steven Weinberg and Salam were the first to apply the Higgs mechanism to electroweak symmetry breaking. Salam provided a mathematical postulation for the interaction between the Higgs boson and the electroweak symmetry theory.
The postulation submitted the official Positio dossier to the C.C.S. in 1993 for additional assessment though this did not happen for two decades. Nine theologians gave their approval to the cause on 10 June 2014 as did the C.C.S. cardinal and bishop members at some stage later. Beschin became titled as Venerable on 20 January 2017 after Pope Francis signed a decree that acknowledged that Beschin had practiced heroic virtue throughout his life. The current postulator for the cause is the Franciscan priest Giovangiuseppe Califano.
Tomb in San Fior. The beatification process opened on 23 June 1990 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the "nihil obstat" (no objections) and titled Mastena as a Servant of God. The diocesan process for the investigation opened in Rome on 24 September 1990 and was closed at a Mass on 30 April 1992. The C.C.S. later validated the process on 30 April 1993 in a decree and received the Positio dossier from the cause's officials (the postulation) in 1994 for additional assessment.
The cause accumulated 4600 pages in eleven volumes of documentation which was sent to the C.C.S. officials in Rome; the C.C.S. validated the diocesan process on 11 November 1994 as having complied with the rules regarding the conduct of causes. Monsignor Flavio Capucci was appointed as the second postulator on 27 June 1994 to oversee the Roman Phase of the process (the investigation held in Rome). The postulation compiled and submitted the official Positio dossier to the C.C.S. on 8 May 2000 for additional assessment.
Wisdom teeth are vestigial third molars that human ancestors used to help in grinding down plant tissue. The common postulation is that the skulls of human ancestors had larger jaws with more teeth, which were possibly used to help chew down foliage to compensate for a lack of ability to efficiently digest the cellulose that makes up a plant cell wall. As human diets changed, smaller jaws were naturally selected, yet the third molars, or "wisdom teeth", still commonly develop in human mouths.Johnson, Dr. George B. "Evidence for Evolution" .
The beatification cause for the late friar was conducted in the Warsaw archdiocese from 7 April 1949 until 12 January 1951 at which point the investigation turned to his writings. His writings received theological approval on 5 April 1974 before the formal introduction to his cause came on 7 February 1983. The Congregation for the Causes of Saints validated the informative process on 1 February 1985 before receiving the Positio dossier from the postulation in 1986; that September theologians approved the dossier. The C.C.S. members approved the cause also on 3 February 1987.
Personal income- tax receipts rose from US$719 million in 1921 to over US$1 billion in 1929, an average increase of 4.2% per year over an 8-year period, which supporters attribute to the rate cut.Folsom Jr., Burton W., "The Myth of the Robber Barons", p. 103. Young America's Foundation, 2007. In 2012, economists surveyed by the University of Chicago rejected the viewpoint that the Laffer Curve's postulation of increased tax revenue through a rate cut applies to federal US income taxes of the time in the medium term.
Lemnos remained relatively free of Greek influence up to Hellenistic times, and the Lemnos stele of the 6th century BC is inscribed with a language very similar to Etruscan. This has led to the postulation of a "Tyrrhenian language group" comprising Etruscan, Lemnian and Raetic. There is thus linguistic evidence of a relationship between the Lemnians and the Etruscans. Some scholars ascribe this link to Etruscan expansion between the 8th and 6th centuries BC, putting the homeland of the Etruscans in Italy and the Alps particularly because of their relation to the Alpine Raetic population.
In 2013 the postulation began work in compiling the Positio dossier which was submitted to the C.C.S. for assessment in 2017; theologians advising the C.C.S. confirmed the cause as did the C.C.S. members on 11 December 2018. Falletti became titled as Venerable on 21 December 2018 after Pope Francis confirmed that the late nobleman had lived a life of heroic virtue. Falletti's wife Juliette was titled as Venerable on 5 May 2015. The current postulator for this cause since 22 February 1992 is the Capuchin friar Paolino Rossi.
Social exchange theory emphasizes the notion that social action is the result of personal choices that are made in order to maximize benefit while minimizing cost. A key component of this theory is the postulation of the "comparison level of alternatives": an actor's sense of the best possible alternative in a given situation (i.e. the choice with the highest net benefits or lowest net costs; similar to the concept of a "cost-benefit analysis"). Theories of social exchange share many essential features with classical economic theories, such as rational choice theory.
More recently, the semiconductor's jump to 300mm wafers has required the need for even larger UPW systems using 315mm conduits. Since Dr. Klaiber's earlier postulation, the relationship between wafer size and the diameter of PVDF conduits has been observed by others. Unbeknownst to Libman, et al., an identical position to Klaiber's Law was discussed during a 2010 presentation; that the current HP (high purity) PVDF piping size is limited to 12 inch (305mm) and that historically the size of the wafer coincided with the diameter of the main lines.
In France and Belgium, an avoué was formerly a jurist and a ministerial officer charged with performing the preparation (postulation) of cases in front of courts. Their functions were roughly equivalent to that of solicitors in common law systems, but only in the context of litigation. The office was abolished in Belgium in 1970 and in France in 2012. Traditionally in France, there existed a distinction between the oral pleading of a case, which was the function of the avocat, and the preparation of a case, which was considered a ministerial function.
Hinduism identifies six pramanas as correct means of accurate knowledge and to truths: Pratyakṣa (perception), Anumāṇa (inference), Upamāṇa (comparison and analogy), Arthāpatti (postulation, derivation from circumstances), Anupalabdhi (non-perception, negative/cognitive proof) and Śabda (word, testimony of past or present reliable experts). In verse 1.2.1 of the Taittirīya Āraṇyaka (c. 9th–6th centuries BCE), "four means of attaining correct knowledge" are listed: smṛti ("scripture, tradition"), pratyakṣa ("perception"), aitihya ("expert testimony, historical tradition"), and anumāna ("inference").A. B. Keith (1925), The Religion and Philosophy of the Veda and Upanishads, Part II, p.482S.
The documents were placed in sealed boxes to be transported to the C.C.S. in Rome for assessment. The C.C.S. validated the process on 9 March 2012 and received the Positio dossier from the postulation in 2015 for further investigation. Theologians advising the C.C.S. approved the cause on 17 December 2015 while the C.C.S. members themselves also approved it on 19 April 2016. Pope Francis approved the findings and on 26 April 2016 confirmed that the 38 individuals had died "in odium fidei" (in hatred of the faith) thus approving their beatifications.
He also holds the record of wins of the Gran Premio (Main Prize) at the Costa Rican Architectural Biennale -three times. Victor Cañas is the first Honorary member of the American Institute of Architects ( Hon.FAIA ) in the category of Architectural Design in Central America and the only one whose postulation was made on the sole bases of his designs and remains so to this date. In his works, Mr. Cañas believes that the landscapes, as well as the internal structures of a home, must be combined to give shape to design.
During Vedic times, in seeking to determine the rta or order underlying all phenomena, a postulation was made that change can be understood in terms of a potency inherent in these phenomena, that is, in the cause to produce the effect, this potency was termed svadha (own power). But later on, the reality of change itself came into question. However, the Upanishads and Samkhya, though differing on whether phenomenal change was an illusion or real, accepted satkaryavada. Svadha and satkaryavada go beyond efficient causation to partake of nature of formal and material cause.
The beatification process commenced on 14 November 1984 – under Pope John Paul II – in which Castrillo was granted the posthumous title of Servant of God – the first official stage in the process. The ensuring diocesan process opened in 1995 and concluded its work in 1999 at which point the Congregation for the Causes of Saints validated the process in Rome in 2002. The postulation sent the Positio to the C.C.S. in 2008 for the latter to commence their own investigation into the cause. Theologians advising them approved the cause on 27 October 2015.
This allowed for the postulation to submit the Positio to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints in 1985 for further evaluation of her life and virtues. On 5 June 1986 she was proclaimed to be Venerable after Pope John Paul II recognized that she had lived a life of heroic virtue. The miracle required for her beatification was investigated in a diocesan process in Lucca and was validated on 7 March 1986. The Congregation for the Causes of Saints evaluated the miracle and received the approval of the pope.
Tomb. The beatification process commenced in Ljubljana on 15 December 1977 in a diocesan process that accorded him the title Servant of God. It was a process long prepared for since the late bishop's diocese wanted the cause to begin at once. The process spanned from 8 February 1978 until 1984 in which witness testimonies and a great deal of documentation was collated. The Congregation for the Causes of Saints decreed the process was valid on 2 May 1986 and accepted the Positio from the postulation for further investigation in 2000.
The Prābhākara subschool of Mīmāṃsā accepted five means to gaining knowledge as epistimetically reliable: pratyakṣa (perception), anumāṇa (inference), upamāṇa (comparison and analogy), arthāpatti (postulation, derivation from circumstances), and śabda (word, testimony of past or present reliable experts). The Kumārila Bhaṭṭa sub-school of Mīmāṃsā added a sixth way of knowing to its canon of reliable epistemology: anupalabdi (non-perception, negative/cognitive proof). The metaphysics of the Mīmāṃsā school consists of both atheistic and theistic doctrines, and the school showed little interest in systematic examination of the existence of God.
The different species are arranged in columns, and the different stages in rows. Similarities can be seen along the first two rows; the appearance of specialized characters in each species can be seen in the columns and a diagonal interpretation leads one to Haeckel's idea of recapitulation. Haeckel's embryo drawings are primarily intended to express his theory of embryonic development, the Biogenetic Law, which in turn assumes (but is not crucial to) the evolutionary concept of common descent. His postulation of embryonic development coincides with his understanding of evolution as a developmental process.
The beatification process commenced under Pope Benedict XVI on 27 November 2008 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints granted the "nihil obstat" ('nothing against') to the cause and titled him as a Servant of God. The diocesan process opened in the Archdiocese of Xalapa on 5 February 2009 and concluded its work not long after on 23 April 2010. The C.C.S. validated the process on 7 July 2011 in Rome. In 2013 the postulation submitted the Positio which allowed for a group of theologians to approve its contents on 25 November 2014.
In 2012, Muller et al. identified that homozygous deletion of redundant-essential glycolytic ENO1 gene in human glioblastoma (GBM) is the consequence of proximity to 1p36 tumor suppressor locus deletions and may hold potential for a synthetic lethality approach to GBM inhibition. ENO1 is one of three homologous genes (ENO2, ENO3) that encodes the mammalian alpha-enolase enzyme. ENO2, which encodes enolase 2, is mostly expressed in neural tissues, leading to the postulation that in ENO1-deleted GBM, ENO2 may be the ideal target as the redundant homologue of ENO1.
The beatification process launched on 15 October 1982 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints granted the official "nihil obstat" (no objections to launching the cause) decree thus titling him as a Servant of God. The cognitional process to investigate Filon and his reputation for holiness opened on 25 February 1984 and was concluded later on 18 November 1989. The C.C.S. validated this process on 11 March 1994 as having complied with their regulations for conducting causes. The postulation submitted the Positio dossier on 21 July 2001 to the C.C.S. for further assessment.
These processes took place despite the fact that the Congregation of Rites - under Pope Paul VI did not grant formal approval to the cause until 9 February 1967 thus granting her the posthumous title of Servant of God. The Congregation of Rites decreed all the process held were valid and approved them on 19 June 1970. The postulation compiled and submitted the Positio to Rome in 1978 and allowed for Pope John Paul II to proclaim her to be Venerable on 1 September 1988 on the account of her life of heroic virtue.
In particular, he formulated the exclusion principle and the theory of nonrelativistic spin. In 1928, he was appointed Professor of Theoretical Physics at ETH Zurich in Switzerland where he made significant scientific progress. He held visiting professorships at the University of Michigan in 1931, and the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton in 1935. He was awarded the Lorentz Medal in 1931. At the end of 1930, shortly after his postulation of the neutrino and immediately following his divorce and the suicide of his mother, Pauli experienced a personal crisis.
According to this mystical system, "the philosophical perplexities, e.g., concerning universals and particulars, mind and body, knowledge and its objects, the knowledge of other minds,". as well as those of free will and determinism, causality and teleology, morality and justice, and the existence of temporal objects, are human experiences of deep antinomies and absurdities about the world. Findlay's conclusion is that these necessitate the postulation of higher spheres, or "latitudes", where objects' individuality, categorical distinctiveness and material constraints are diminishing, lesser in each latitude than in the one below it.
Spontaneous trait inference is the term utilised in social psychology to describe the mechanism that causes individuals to form impressions of people, based on behaviours they witness them exhibiting. The inferences being made are described as being extrapolated from the behaviour, as the link between the inferred trait and the perceived behaviour is not substantiated, only vaguely implied. The inferences that are made are spontaneous and implicitly formed, with the cognitive mechanism acting almost reflexively. Research into spontaneous trait inference began with Hermann von Helmholtz and his unconscious inference postulation.
The beatification process for Sancha commenced on 19 June 1982 under Pope John Paul II in which he was accorded with the title of Servant of God. The diocesan process commenced on 22 November 1982 and concluded following the successful accumulation of available evidence. The process was declared completed with the decree of validation from Rome on 3 July 1992. The postulation sent the Positio dossier to the officials in Rome for further investigation in 1993 while historians declared the cause clear of historical obstacles on 15 March 1994.
The decision allowed for the postulation to submit the Positio to the C.C.S. for further assessment and this in turn led to Pope John Paul II declaring Agostini to be Venerable on 22 January 1991 after ascertaining that he had lived a life of heroic virtue. The miracle required for beatification was investigated in the place that it had occurred in and the ensuring process was ratified in Rome in mid 1987. John Paul II approved it on 6 April 1998 and beatified Agostini on the following 25 October in Saint Peter's Square.
The C.C.S. issued validation to this process in Rome on 12 November 1999 and received the official Positio dossier from the postulation in 2013. The historians met to assess the cause and issued their approval to it in a session held on 10 December 2013 while theologians followed this decision on 20 October 2015. The cardinal and bishop members likewise came to the same conclusion on 1 March 2016. On 3 March 2016 he was proclaimed to be Venerable after Pope Francis confirmed that the late Quilici had lived a model Christian life of heroic virtue.
In Monreale an apostolic process was later conducted from 1975 to 1978 at which point the Congregation for the Causes of Saints validated both processes in Rome on 18 March 1982 prior to receiving the Positio dossier from the postulation in 1987 for assessment. Theologians approved the cause in a meeting held on 27 March 1990 as did the cardinal and bishop members of the C.C.S. on 6 November 1990. Intreccialagli was named as Venerable on 22 January 1991 after Pope John Paul II confirmed that the late bishop lived a model life of heroic virtue.
Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(4), 232-235 (see "Organization and memory" in Spence & Spence, and, the development of dual process recognition theory, and the revival of the role of consciousness in modern psychology. A consequence of the structural and organizational approach to human information processing (Mandler, 1967) was the postulation of a general limit on the structures of human thought (Mandler, 2013), following Miller’s initial foray (1956). Mandler discussed the limit of 4 ± 1 to working memory, categorization, subitizing, and reasoning. In the 1950s, together with S. B. Sarason, he initiated research on test anxiety.
Hungarian sculptor Sándor Boldogfai Farkas (1907.–1970.). The beatification process was held in his old diocese in a diocesan process that spanned from 1989 until 1990; the formal start came on 5 March 1991 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" and titled the late bishop as a Servant of God. The C.C.S. later validated this process in Rome on 31 May 1991 and received the Positio dossier from the postulation in 1996. Theologians approved the cause on 3 June 1997 as did the cardinal and bishop members of the C.C.S. on 1 July 1997.
It comprises three distinct acts - the designation of the person, canonical institution, and installation. In various ways a person may be designated to fill a vacant benefice: by election, postulation, presentation, or recommendation, resignation made in one's favour, or approved exchange. In all cases confirmation by the proper ecclesiastical superior of the selection made is required, while letters of appointment, as a rule, must be presented. Reception of administration by a chapter without such letters brings excommunication reserved to the pope, together with privation of the fruits of the benefice; and the nominee loses ipso facto all right to the prelacy.
The human mitochondrial DNA is of tremendous interest to geneticists, since it undoubtedly plays a role in mitochondrial disease. It also sheds light on human evolution; for example, analysis of variation in the human mitochondrial genome has led to the postulation of a recent common ancestor for all humans on the maternal line of descent (see Mitochondrial Eve). Due to the lack of a system for checking for copying errors, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has a more rapid rate of variation than nuclear DNA. This 20-fold higher mutation rate allows mtDNA to be used for more accurate tracing of maternal ancestry.
Hoshen proposed a model in which artemisinin resistance is based on a dormancy stage during which the parasite waits out toxic concentrations of this antimalarial drug.Hoshen MB, Na-Bangchang K, Stein WD, Ginsburg H. Mathematical modelling of the chemotherapy of Plasmodium falciparum malaria with artesunate: postulation of 'dormancy', a partial cytostatic effect of the drug, and its implication for treatment regimens. Parasitology. 2000 Sep;121 (Pt 3):237–46. . Fundamental to these studies was the mathematical modeling on transport of antimalarial drugs, collaborations with Ginsburg at Hebrew University, that led to a series of joint publications.
Giedroyć became a Servant of God on 27 July 2001 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints (CCS) issued the nihil obstat (no objections) decree which meant the beatification cause could go ahead. In 2017, the postulation submitted the positio dossier to the CCS for further assessment. On 7 November 2018, Pope Francis beatified him and authorized the CCS to promulgate the decree on his heroic virtues and on the confirmation of his cult since time immemorial (i.e. equipollent beatification which is used when a canonical process is not possible due to the lack of sufficient historical sources).
The C.C.S. validated this diocesan investigation on 19 September 2014 while the postulation compiled and submitted the Positio dossier to the C.C.S. for assessment at a later stage. Theologians approved it on 6 April 2017 as did the C.C.S. members some months later on 17 October. Pope Francis confirmed on 8 November 2017 that Sgorbati was killed "in odium fidei" (in hatred of the faith) and confirmed that her beatification would take place. The beatification took place on 26 May 2018 in Piacenza with Cardinal Angelo Amato presiding over the celebration on the behalf of the pope.
Cannon's theory concerning voodoo death opened research into various fields of psychological studies; since the publication of Cannon's work, scientists have discovered many disorders and the like related to psychosomatic responses to situations. Because of Cannon's postulation that the mind could bring about death, scientists have become open to the idea of the mind working on the body in a greater number of ways, leading to the development of psychosomatic medicine.Lane, R.D., Waldstein, S.R., Chesney, M.A, et al. "The Rebirth of Neuroscience in Psychosomatic Medicine, Part I: Historical Context, Methods, and Relevant Basic Science." pp. 117–134.
Retrieved 3 December 2007. echoing the phrase he used after the failure of his February 1992 attempted coup d'état against the Carlos Andrés Pérez government. On 30 November 2008, six days after broadening support in regional elections, Hugo Chávez decided that it was the opportunity to seek continuous presidential terms, announcing on television that he would be open to a new wave of discussion on the proposal for allowing the postulation without limits to presidential candidature. A National Electoral Council supportive of Chávez quickly accepted elections, scheduling the referendum a little over a month after the regional elections for February 2009.
The text clearly leaves the decision open in as much as it offers two understandings: that of Nathanael's belief that there is a dark power controlling him, and Clara's postulation (together with Lothar) against this that this is only a psychological element. The story is partly a subjective description of the proceedings from Nathanael's viewpoint which, due to enormous psychological problems, is not likely objectiveor possibly objectively portrayed. Hoffman consciously leaves the reader unsure. In this, the interpretation from an Enlightenment perspective makes sense against the Romantic view, whereby Klara represents the enlightenment and Nathanael the Romantics.
Though research into Neolithic sites in the municipality is lacking, near-by areas have Neolithic archaeological sites, allowing postulation that there might have been ancient sites present. The village of Tutnjevac contains the remains of a Roman villa. The first population census of the region showed five settlements with a total of 55 houses, which date from prior to arrival of Ottoman Turks in the 15th century. During troubled times the population would leave these parts with most of the succeeding population--the forebears of the present Majevicans--coming from Eastern and ‘Old’ Herzegovina in the 19th century.
His beatification cause commenced in Detroit in 1976 with an investigation involving witness interrogatories and the compiling of documentation. The Congregation for the Causes of Saints validated this phase on November 7, 1986; around 1995, it received the Positio dossier from postulation officials. The theological advisors approved the dossier on April 7, 1995; the cardinal and bishop members of the Congregation did so on June 20, 1995. On July 11, 1995, Pope John Paul II, in a private audience with Congregation prefect Alberto Bovone, confirmed that Casey had lived a life of heroic virtue and titled him Venerable.
Other processes were held in Albano and Turin as well as in Brescia and Trani for supporting evidence. The investigation moved to Rome where the C.C.S. issued a decree on 6 November 1998 validating the process and confirming that it abided to their rules for conducting diocesan investigations. The postulation (the officials coordinating the cause) compiled and submitted the official Positio dossier to the C.C.S. officials for additional evaluation on 22 December 2014. Historians approved the cause on 29 September 2015 as did nine theologians on 19 June 2018 and the C.C.S. cardinal and bishop members later on 5 March 2019.
On 27 March 2010 he was proclaimed to be Venerable after Pope Benedict XVI recognized that he had lived a life of heroic virtue in accordance with the tenets of the Christian faith. The alleged miracle required for his beatification was investigated on a diocesan level from 13 January 2005 until 24 July 2006, and was granted the decree of validity from the Congregation on 9 June 2007. The postulation reported on 23 February 2014 that two medical experts that the Congregation appointed did not approve the miracle. The current postulator assigned to the cause is Shijo Kanjirathamkunnel, C.M.
The Congregation for the Causes of Saints validated the informative process on 27 October 1989 and opened the so-called "Roman Phase" in which the C.C.S. would begin their own investigation into Tadini's potential saintliness. The postulation sent the Positio to the C.C.S. for further assessments which led to theologians approving its contents on 16 June 1998. The C.C.S. followed suit on 17 November 1998. On 21 December 1998 he was declared to be Venerable after Pope John Paul II confirmed that he had lived a model life of heroic virtue - both cardinal and theological virtues.
This allowed the postulation to compile the positio to document her life and death; it was sent to Rome in 2009. However historical consultants were forced to meet and approve the cause on 12 January 2010 due to its being deemed an "ancient" cause and more so due to it having been stalled for decades in the past. Pope Benedict XVI – on 1 July 2010 – approved that Rutan had been killed in hatred of her Christian faith and thus allowed for her beatification to take place. Cardinal Angelo Amato – on the behalf of the pope – presided over the beatification on 19 June 2011.
The postulation then compiled the Positio - containing biographical details and also stating the affirmative reasons for beatification - to Rome for their own investigation in 1992. The theologians in Rome approved the cause on 24 June 1994 and the Congregation for the Causes of Saints followed suit on 8 November 1994. On 15 December 1994 he was proclaimed to be Venerable after Pope John Paul II decreed that Balicki had lived a model life of heroic virtue. The approval of a single miracle attributed to Balicki's intercession allowed for the same pontiff to preside over the beatification on 18 August 2002 in Poland.
The postulation submitted the Positio to the C.C.S. in 1997 in order for the latter to commence their own investigation into Monza's life and assess his cause. On 20 December 2003 he was proclaimed to be Venerable after Pope John Paul II approved the fact that Monza had lived a life of heroic virtue. The required miracle needed for beatification was investigated in the diocese of its origin and received C.C.S. validation on 8 November 1996. It received the papal approval of Pope Benedict XVI on 19 December 2005 and allowed for a beatification to take place.
The beatification cause started under Pope John Paul II on 18 August 1994 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" to the cause and titled her as a Servant of God. The diocesan process was inaugurated under Cardinal José Lebrún Moratinos on 9 March 1995 while Cardinal Ignacio Velasco closed it in November 1996; there were 40 witnesses heard in 52 sessions. The C.C.S. validated the process in Rome on 18 October 1997 and received the Positio in 1998 from the postulation for their assessment. Theologians approved the cause on 27 November 2010 as did the C.C.S. on 18 June 2013.
The postulation drafted and submitted the Positio dossier to the C.C.S. in 2015 for evaluation while nine theologians confirmed the cause in their meeting held on 6 February 2018. The C.C.S. cardinal and bishop members met and approved the cause on 5 March 2019. Pope Francis approved the cause on 19 March 2019 which allowed for Cremonesi to be beatified; it was celebrated on 19 October 2019 in Crema with Cardinal Giovanni Angelo Becciu presiding over the celebration on the pope's behalf. It has been confirmed from some officials close to the cause in Cremona that the beatification - if and when approved - would be celebrated in Cremona.
The beatification process commenced on 22 June 2006 and the introduction of the cause granted him the posthumous title of Servant of God. The process in Perugia spanned from 24 September 2006 until 23 June 2013; the process received formal ratification on 12 December 2013 from the Congregation for the Causes of Saints. The postulation submitted the Positio to the C.C.S. in 2015 while theologians voiced their approval to the cause on 21 June 2016. The C.C.S. cardinal and bishop members met and approved the cause on 21 February 2017 at which point Pope Francis titled him as Venerable after confirming his heroic virtue.
The Scholars of the Blessed Ivan for the Year 2009 The Blessed Ivan Scholarship FundThe Blessed Ivan Scholarship Fund, The CCS Official Manual, June 1, 2008 is a project of the CCS in cooperation with the Official Postulation of Blessed Ivan Merz in Croatia. Started in June 2007, its purpose is to help the financially unstable but fitting youth to have a quality education and to get equipped for his/her future. The first scholar awarded by this is Nixon Delos Santos, 15 years old, 3rd year High School in Juan Sumulong High School in Cubao, Quezon City. Last 10 May 2008, the Scholarship Program added new scholars.
The main piece of evidence for a lunar cataclysm comes from the radiometric ages of impact melt rocks that were collected during the Apollo missions. The majority of these impact melts are believed to have formed during the collision of asteroids or comets tens of kilometres across, forming impact craters hundreds of kilometres in diameter. The Apollo 15, 16, and 17 landing sites were chosen as a result of their proximity to the Imbrium, Nectaris, and Serenitatis basins, respectively. The apparent clustering of ages of these impact melts, between about 3.8 and 4.1 Ga, led to postulation that the ages record an intense bombardment of the Moon.
In formal logic, nonfirstorderizability is the inability of an expression to be adequately captured in particular theories in first-order logic. Nonfirstorderizable sentences are sometimes presented as evidence that first- order logic is not adequate to capture the nuances of meaning in natural language. The term was coined by George Boolos in his well-known paper "To Be is to Be a Value of a Variable (or to Be Some Values of Some Variables)." Boolos argued that such sentences call for second-order symbolization, which can be interpreted as plural quantification over the same domain as first- order quantifiers use, without postulation of distinct "second-order objects" (properties, sets, etc.).
The beatification process commenced on 3 July 2004 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints titled her as a Servant of God and declared "nihil obstat" (no objections) to the cause. The diocesan investigation into her life and murder was opened in Košice on 2 April 2005 and was closed on 14 February 2012 after hearing from 38 people. The C.C.S. later validated the diocesan process in Rome on 14 June 2013 and received the 650-paged Positio dossier from the postulation (officials leading the cause) in 2015 for evaluation. Theologians approved the cause following their assessment of the dossier as did the C.C.S. members later on 6 February 2018.
The C.C.S. validated this process on 23 June 2000 as having adhered to the norms regulating causes of sainthood. The postulation submitted the Positio dossier to the C.C.S. in 2004 for assessment and was a document that detailed his life and works as well as the circumstances surrounding his death. Theologians approved the cause on 4 April 2009 as did the C.C.S. cardinal and bishop members two months later on 16 June. Pope Benedict XVI confirmed in a decree issued on 3 July that Samsó would be beatified and Archbishop Angelo Amato presided over the beatification on the pope's behalf on 23 January 2010.
The diocesan process for the beatification of Markiewicz opened in 1958 and closed in 1961 - the opening of the cause in 1958 granted him the posthumous title of Servant of God. Its sole aim was to compile documentation on his life and on his deeds in life as well as whatever witness testimonies were available to them. The Congregation for the Causes of Saints signed a decree recognizing the process completed its work in 1990 and assumed control of the cause in order for them to investigate the merits of it. The postulation compiled the Positio in 1990 and submitted it to the C.C.S. for further investigation.
The beatification process launched on 19 November 1996 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints provided its assent (issuing a "nihil obstat" decree) to the cause and named her as a Servant of God. The diocesan investigation was conducted in the Palermo archdiocese with Cardinal Salvatore De Giorgi inaugurating it on 27 January 1997 and later closing it on 12 December 2001; the C.C.S. in Rome validated this process on 15 May 2003. The postulation (the officials coordinating the cause) submitted the official Positio dossier to the C.C.S. for assessment in 2005. Historical consultants met and approved the cause not long after on 15 March 2005.
The beatification cause opened under Pope John Paul II on 8 October 1990 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" and titled Builes as a Servant of God. The diocesan process was held in the Santa Rosa de Osos diocese from 29 September 2001 until 29 September 2003 when it was closed and all documentation sent to the C.C.S. in Rome who validated the process on 19 January 2007. The postulation later submitted the Positio dossier to the C.C.S. in 2013 for assessment. Theologians approved the cause on 6 December 2016 with the C.C.S. confirming it later in 2018.
The beatification process opened on two fronts in Warmia and in Frascati in an informative that opened in 1957 and closed sometime later before it received the validation needed from the Congregation for the Causes of Saints on 19 September 1991 for it to proceed. The postulation officials compiled and submitted the large Positio dossier to the C.C.S. in 1992 prior to historians evaluating and approving the cause on 27 October 1992. Theologians also approved the dossier's contents as did the C.C.S. on 15 October 1996. This allowed for Pope John Paul II to confirm her heroic virtue and name her as Venerable on 17 December 1996.
Memorial plaque in his birthplace of Wattens. The beatification process opened in Vienna in a diocesan process under Cardinal Hans Hermann Groër on 26 June 1987 and concluded on 20 October 1987, when Gapp was titled as a Servant of God; a total of 37 witnesses were interviewed including Gapp's niece Marianne. The Congregation for the Causes of Saints validated this process on 7 April 1989 and later received the Positio from the postulation in 1992 for assessment. Theologians issued their approval to the cause on 31 January 1995 while the bishop and cardinal members of the C.C.S. approved the cause too on 4 April 1995.
The 1966 consolidated statutes of the university and the college stated, "The Provost, and every Fellow, professor, other Academic Officer, scholar, and other Student shall have a cap and gown, and shall wear them while performing their Academic duties"; the precise significance of "Academic duties" was not made explicit. As late as the 1960s, gowns were still commonly worn for some lectures and examinations, but in practice the wearing of academic dress is now confined to graduation ceremonies and other formal occasions. Some student societies, such as the College Historical Society and the University Philosophical Society, officially require academic dress at their meetings, but this postulation is never now observed.
Pope Pius VI beatified Ronconi on 17 April 1776 while waiving the requirement for two miracles attributed to his intercession. The cause reopened a long while later when the postulation sent the Positio dossier to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints in Rome in 2010 where the latter had historians discuss and approve the cause on 27 April 2010. Theologians approved the cause on 11 January 2013 as did the C.C.S. on 24 September 2013. Pope Francis confirmed his life of heroic virtue on 9 October 2013 which would allow for his canonization to take place (should a miracle be approved) while also giving him the title of Venerable.
In its strict juridical sense, it refers to the ratification in a public consistory of the choice made by a third person of a titular of a consistorial benefice, for example a bishopric. The pope approves the election or postulation of the titular made by a chapter, or ratifies the presentation of a candidate made by the civil power. This preconization is preceded by an informative process, which according to the present discipline is raised by the Consistorial Congregation for the countries not under Congregation of Propaganda, but the information is furnished by the Secretary of State if the question at hand refers to sees situated outside of Italy.
The C.C.S. validated the three previous processes in Rome on 18 December 1987 and later received the official Positio from the postulation in 1989. Theologians voiced approval to the cause on 22 June 1990 as did the C.C.S. themselves on 4 December 1990. This all culminated on 22 January 1991 once Pope John Paul II confirmed that she had lived a model Christian life of heroic virtue and thus named her Venerable. The miracle needed for beatification was investigated in the diocese of its origin and received full C.C.S. validation on 26 September 1996 while a medical board based in Rome issued approval of the purported miracle on 16 December 1999.
Tomb. The beatification process commenced after the transfer of the competent forum that would undertake the cause from Rio de Janeiro to Porto Alegre on 15 May 1992. Following this the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" (nothing against) to the cause on 2 February 1993 under Pope John Paul II and proclaimed her to be a Servant of God. The diocesan process spanned from 19 June 1993 and concluded its work on 29 November 1996. It was ratified on 24 April 1998 and allowed for the postulation to compile the Positio and submit it to the C.C.S. in 2003 for their own assessment.
Pope Francis approved the beatification that very same day and confirmed the two were martyrs. The second cause commenced in Nantes and the transfer of the forum came from Savannakhet and other Laotian cities on 6 September 2007. The official "nihil obstat" came on 18 January 2008 and allowed for the inauguration of the diocesan process which started on 10 June 2008 and concluded its business on 28 February 2010; the cause was validated on 15 October 2011. The postulation sent the Positio to the C.C.S. in 2014 and theologians voiced their approval to the cause on 27 November 2014 while the C.C.S. also voted in favor on 2 June 2015.
Beatification in Dresden 2011 The beatification process opened in a diocesan process that spanned from 1 July 1998 until its closure sometime later on 22 March 2001; this process was held in Dresden. The formal introduction came under Pope John Paul II on 27 August 1998 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" to the cause and titled him as a Servant of God. The C.C.S. later validated the diocesan process after receiving the boxes of documentation and it also received the Positio dossier from the postulation in 2003. Theologians approved this on 7 November 2009 as did the C.C.S. on 9 November 2010.
The beatification process commenced in 1969 – under Pope Paul VI – in an informative process that concluded its business in 1974. The beginning of the informative process granted the late religious with the title of Servant of God as the first official stage in the process. The second process opened in Santiago de Chile in 1970 and closed not long after. Both processes were validated in Rome on 13 November 1987 which would allow for the Congregation for the Causes of Saints to begin their own investigation into the cause. The postulation submitted the Positio to the C.C.S. in two parts, in 1997 and in 1998.
It has, subsequently, been suggested that this unusual distribution of specimens could be due to the death event leaving these animals stranded with no other place to go, perhaps along a waterfront of some kind. The evidence at hand, especially the nature of volcanic preservation, has led to the postulation that volcanism played a role in the death event in some capacity. Suggested events include a large outpouring of ash, lethal gas surges, or, more likely, volcanism-induced flooding. Volcanic activity may have caused damming or other water diversion, which led to major widespread flooding in the area, and the death of Probainognathus and other tetrapods.
The beatification process opened under Pope John Paul II on 31 May 1988 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints titled Gargani as a Servant of God and issued the official edict declaring "nihil obstat" (no objections to the cause). Cardinal Michele Giordano inaugurated the diocesan process of investigation on 12 September 1988 and later closed it on 16 May 2002; the documentation was sent to Rome to the C.C.S. who validated the diocesan process on 21 March 2003. From 2007 the postulation began compiling the Positio dossier which was a collation of all documentation and interrogatories gathered from the diocesan process. This dossier was submitted to the C.C.S. later in 2013.
In 1942 the German pathologist Max Westenhöfer (1871–1957) discussed various human characteristics (hairlessness, subcutaneous fat, the regression of the olfactory organ, webbed fingers, direction of the body hair etc.) that could have derived from an aquatic past, quoting several other authors who had made similar speculations. As he did not believe human beings were apes, he believed this might have been during the Cretaceous, contrary to what is possible given the geologic and evolutionary biology evidence available at the time. He stated: "The postulation of an aquatic mode of life during an early stage of human evolution is a tenable hypothesis, for which further inquiry may produce additional supporting evidence." He later abandoned the concept.
Grave site. The beatification process commenced under Pope Paul VI after the late nun was titled as a Servant of God and Archbishop Antoni Baraniak inaugurated the informative process on 24 March 1968 - the archbishop's successor Jerzy Stroba closed the process on 23 January 1979. The Congregation for the Causes of Saints later validated this process about a decade later on 10 June 1988 and received the official Positio dossier from the postulation in 1992. Theologians met and approved the cause on 16 March 2000 while the members of the C.C.S. followed suit on 17 October 2000. On 18 December 2000 she was named as Venerable after Pope John Paul II confirmed her life of heroic virtue.
The beatification process commenced in Cartágena on 15 December 1981 when the Congregation for the Causes of Saints granted the "nihil obstat" ('nothing against') to the cause and bestowed the title of Servant of God upon her. The cognitional process commenced in Spain on 6 February 1982 and concluded on 7 May 1983 when all documentation was submitted to officials in Rome. The C.C.S. validated the cognitional process on 3 February 1984 and the postulation submitted the Positio to the C.C.S. in 1992. Historians first met to discuss whether historical obstacles existed to prevent the cause from proceeding and went on to approve it; this enabled the cause to proceed to the next stage.
The Salesians of Don Bosco – whom he aided during World War II – took charge of the cause for beatification. His old friend John Paul II started the beatification cause on 28 April 1997 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the "nihil obstat" and titled him as a Servant of God. The diocesan process spanned from 30 September 1997 until 15 March 2000 when it closed and it later received C.C.S. validation on 16 November 2001 before the C.C.S. received the Positio dossier from the postulation in 2011. The theologians met and approved the dossier's contents on 15 September 2015 as did the cardinal and bishop members of the C.C.S. on 17 January 2017.
In its program, the party responded to the German Question by the postulation of the unification of the German states with the central power in Prussia (Kleindeutsche Lösung). It demanded representative democracy—though not universal suffrage in view of the Prussian three-class franchise system—implementation of the rule of law and larger responsibility for the local government. Before the rise of the Social Democrats, it was the main left-wing party in Germany and it was also the first German party with its candidates and deputies acting on a common party platform. Supported by the rising bourgeois middle class, the Progressives had the largest group in the Prussian Lower House between 1861 and 1865.
The beatification process opened in Roermond in an informative process that was launched in the diocese on 2 February 1953 and was later concluded on 20 September 1957; the Congregation for the Causes of Saints validated this process in Rome on 15 May 1987 while later receiving the Positio dossier from the postulation in 1992. Theologians assented to the cause on 25 June 2002 as did the C.C.S. members on 1 October 2002. The confirmation of her life of heroic virtue allowed for Pope John Paul II to title her as Venerable on 20 December 2002. The process for a miracle spanned from 14–27 March 2002 and this received C.C.S. validation on 4 October 2002.
In Garner's Modern American Usage, Garner says writers sometimes use a fortiori as an adjective as in "a usage to be resisted". He provides this example: "Clearly, if laws depend so heavily on public acquiescence, the case of conventions is an a fortiori [read even more compelling] one." A fortiori arguments are regularly used in Jewish law under the name kal va-chomer, literally "mild and severe", the mild case being the one we know about, while trying to infer about the more severe case. In ancient Indian logic (nyaya), an inference derived from an a fortiori postulation is known as kaimutika or kaimutya nyaya, from the words kim uta meaning "even more so".
The beatification process opened on 14 December 1996 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints titled the late priest as a Servant of God and issued the official "nihil obstat" to the cause while Cardinal Paulo Evaristo Arns oversaw the diocesan process from 31 May 1997 until 16 December 1997. The C.C.S. validated this process in Rome on 12 February 1999 and received the Positio dossier from the postulation later in 2002. The six theologians assigned to review it approved it on 27 April 2004 as did the C.C.S. on 5 October 2004. The confirmation of the late priest's heroic virtue allowed for Pope John Paul II to title him as Venerable on 20 December 2004.
The beatification process was launched under Pope John Paul II on 28 January 1997 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints titled Durcovici as a Servant of God and issued the "nihil obstat" (no objections) edict that would allow for the cause to commence. The diocesan investigation was launched in Durcovici's old diocese on 25 March 1997 and was later closed on 11 September 1999 after the investigation concluded its assigned work. The C.C.S. later validated the investigation in Rome on 29 October 2010 while receiving the Positio dossier from the postulation from assessment in 2012. Theologians confirmed the cause on 22 February 2013 as did the cardinal and bishop members of the C.C.S. on 24 September 2013.
The English philosopher Thomas Hobbes suggested the existence of a hypothetical social contract where a group of free individuals agree for the sake of preservation to form institutions to govern them. They give up their natural complete liberty in exchange for protection from the Sovereign. This led to John Locke's theory that a failure of the government to secure rights is a failure which justifies the removal of the government, and was mirrored in later postulation by Jean-Jacques Rousseau in his "Du Contrat Social" (The Social Contract). International equity expert Paul Finn has echoed this view: The relationship between government and the governed in countries which follow the English law tradition is a fiduciary one.
It was after this a second diocesan process took place to continue the work of the first while both were later validated so the cause could continue to Rome for officials there to commence their own investigation. The postulation then could compile and submit the Positio to Rome so the officials there had something to investigate. But it had to first receive the approval of historians to see if there were obstacles or not to the cause and the affirmative vote allowed for the cause to proceed. On 21 March 1985 he was declared to be Venerable after Pope John Paul II acknowledged the fact that Jamet had lived a life of heroic virtue.
It was not until several decades later that another process was held in 1976. These processes commenced despite the fact that the Congregation for the Causes of Saints did not issue their formal approval – or "nihil obstat" (nothing against) – to the cause until 30 March 1981 in a move that also accorded Rousseau with the posthumous title of Servant of God. One final process was dispensed due to the fact that there was enough evidence gathered in the previous processes. Formal conclusion to the processes allowed for the postulation to compile the Positio – consisting of biographical details and attesting to the positives of his cause – and submitted it to C.C.S. officials in Rome for their own personal investigation.
The beatification process commenced in 1965 - under Pope Paul VI - and had been tasked with the collation of all available evidence in relation to her life and her deeds in life. The process - which granted her the posthumous title of Servant of God - closed in 1968 and received formal ratification to show it completed its work according to the criteria. The postulation compiled the Positio - a biographical account and attesting to the pros of her cause - and submitted it to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints. But a historical commission had to approve it and deem there were no obstacles to the cause in order for it to proceed to the next stage.
The beatification process opened on 21 April 1995 and Blachnicki became titled as a Servant of God after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the "nihil obstat" edict that allowed for the cause to be launched. The diocesan process was inaugurated in Katowice on 9 December 1995 and was closed on 25 November 2001 at which point the C.C.S. validated the process on 29 November 2002 in Rome. The postulation later compiled the Positio dossier which detailed his life and reputation for holiness; this dossier was submitted to officials in the C.C.S. on 27 February 2013. Theologians approved the cause on 16 October 2014 while the C.C.S. members confirmed the cause later on 22 September 2015.
The beatification cause started in a diocesan process spanning from 1964 until closure on 18 February 1995 at which point the Congregation for the Causes of Saints validated it in Rome on 12 May 1995. The formal introduction came on 12 November 1993 and he was title as a Servant of God. The postulation sent the Positio to the C.C.S. in 1998 and theologians approved it later on 15 December 1998 as did the C.C.S. on 16 February 1999. Pope John Paul II approved his beatification on 26 March 1999 after confirming that Frelichowski died "in odium fidei" ("with odor of the faith") and so beatified him later while in Poland on 7 June 1999.
The diocesan process for the sainthood process commenced under Pope John XXIII on 8 March 1960 and the introduction of the cause in Milan granted her the posthumous title Servant of God; the process concluded in mid-1970 and was validated in Rome on 3 April 1992, several decades after the diocesan process concluded. The Congregation for the Causes of Saints received the Positio from the postulation in order to evaluate her life of heroic virtue and received it in 1993. Barelli was proclaimed to be Venerable on 1 June 2007 after Pope Benedict XVI recognized her model Christian life of heroic virtue. The miracle required for her beatification was investigated and was validated in 2006.
The decree of validity on the process was granted several years later on 23 April 2010 and allowed for the postulation to draft the Positio on his martyrdom. The Positio was submitted to the C.C.S. in January 2015. It had been reported that Mayr- Nusser's beatification would take place in Bolzano in 2016 since theologians advising the C.C.S. had approved the cause on 29 October 2015 and passed it to the members of the C.C.S. itself for their decision on 21 June 2016 who also approved it. Pope Francis approved the beatification on 8 July 2016 and he was beatified in Bolzano on 18 March 2017 with Cardinal Angelo Amato presiding over the celebration on the pope's behalf.
But he also criticized the perceived scientific and institutional bias that he found to be pervasive in Ethiopian-, African-, and Western-made historiographies on Ethiopia. Specifically, Kebede took umbrage at E. A. Wallis Budge's translation of the Kebra Nagast, arguing that Budge had assigned a South Arabian origin to the Queen of Sheba although the Kebra Nagast itself did not indicate such a provenience for this fabled ruler. According to Kebede, a South Arabian extraction was contradicted by biblical exegetes and testimonies from ancient historians, which instead indicated that the Queen was of African origin. Additionally, he chided Budge and Ullendorff for their postulation that the Aksumite civilization was founded by Semitic immigrants from South Arabia.
The beatification process opened in Tubarão in an informative process that spanned from 30 December 1954 until its closure later in 2001; the Congregation for the Causes of Saints validated this process in Rome on 18 January 2002. The cause commenced on a formal level under Pope John Paul II on 2 October 2001 and Berkenbrock was titled as a Servant of God. The C.C.S. received the official Positio dossier from the postulation in 2002 for assessment. Theologians approved the cause on 26 September 2006 as did the C.C.S. on 21 November 2006 while Pope Benedict XVI approved that Berkenbrock was killed "in defensum castitatis" on 16 December 2006 and thus approved her beatification.
On 17 December 2015, the Vatican Press Office confirmed that Pope Francis recognised a second miracle attributed to Teresa: the healing of a Brazilian man with multiple brain tumours back in 2008. The miracle first came to the attention of the postulation (officials managing the cause) during the events of World Youth Day 2013 when the pope was in Brazil that July. A subsequent investigation took place in Brazil from 19–26 June 2015 which was later transferred to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints who issued a decree recognizing the investigation to be completed. Francis canonised her at a ceremony on 4 September 2016 in St. Peter's Square in Vatican City.
The beatification process commenced in Bratislava on 22 January 2010 under Pope Benedict XVI after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints granted the official "nihil obstat" ('nothing against') to the cause and titled him as a Servant of God. The diocesan process for the cause was inaugurated on 26 February 2010 and concluded its business on 7 December 2012; the C.C.S. validated this process on 28 June 2013. The postulation submitted the dossier known as the Positio to the C.C.S. in 2015 and a board of theologians – in a unanimous decision – voted in favor of the cause in a meeting on 7 April 2016. The C.C.S. met and approved the cause in their meeting on 21 February 2017.
The beatification process for the late prelate opened in the Kraków archdiocese under Cardinal Franciszek Macharski in a diocesan process that launched on 18 March 1994 and closed on 24 April 2001; its task was to accumulate documentation (including his spiritual writings) and witness interrogatories. The formal launch to the cause came on 7 July 1994 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints in Rome issued the "nihil obstat" (no objections) decree and titled Pietraszko as a Servant of God. The C.C.S. later validated this process on 22 February 2002 as having adhered to the congregation's regulations for conducting causes. In 2012 the postulation (officials in charge of the cause) submitted the Positio dossier to the C.C.S. officials.
However, it is also shown that he is capable of inducing contradictory postulation as he took out a defective defense system by inquiring what it meant for it to attack a threat when the threat could potentially be itself. In season two, Fred gets a new chameleon outfit dubbed "Fredmeleon" which allows him to cling to walls, use an adhesive and elongated tongue and gives him the ability to become invisible. On the downside, the outfit does not give him super jump like his main suit. The episode "Major Blast" reveals that Fred has a toy car stuck in his ear since he was eight and it is implied to be the cause of much of his clumsiness.
The beatification process opened in Ghent in an informative process that spanned from 21 March 1946 until its closure on 29 September 1952 at which stage the theologians approved all his spiritual writings on two instances on 13 February 1959 and 15 January 1971. The formal introduction to the cause came under Pope Paul VI on 5 April 1966 and he was titled as a Servant of God while an apostolic process was later held from 18 November 1967 until 25 June 1969. The Congregation for the Causes of Saints validated the previous processes in Rome on 28 April 1975 and received the Positio dossier from postulation officials in 1984. The theologians approved the cause on 25 March 1986 as did the C.C.S. on 10 June 1986.
The beatification process opened under Pope Benedict XVI on 24 October 2007 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints titled Jacono as a Servant of God and declared nihil obstat (no objections) to the cause. On the same date came a decree that transferred the forum for the cause from Ragusa (where Jacono died) to Caltanissetta (where Jacono served as its bishop). The diocesan process was inaugurated on 13 January 2008 and closed on 27 September 2012 before documentation from the investigation was sent to the C.C.S. who validated the process in Rome on 11 April 2014. The postulation later compiled and submitted the Positio dossier to the C.C.S. for evaluation in 2017 and the theologians met and approved the dossier on 19 April 2018.
The beatification process opened on 24 October 1985 after Brader became titled as a Servant of God once the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" (nothing against) to the cause which allowed for the inauguration of the diocesan process that concluded not long after. The process received formal validation on 1 July 1991 from the C.C.S. once all documentation from the diocesan process was shipped in boxes to the department in Rome. The postulation later submitted the Positio to the C.C.S. in 1992 and it allowed for theologians to vote in favor of the cause on 29 January 1999. The cardinal and bishop members of the C.C.S. met and also approved the cause on 4 May 1999.
Tomb. The beatification process opened in the Montevideo archdiocese in an informative process that spanned from 27 July 1935 until its closure not long after in 1942; the Congregation for Rites were given all boxes of documentation at the end of the process but the cause remained inactive until 28 February 1992 when the Congregation for the Causes of Saints validated the informative phase. The postulation later compiled and submitted the Positio to the C.C.S. in 2012 for further assessment with the dossier spanning well over 2000 pages. Historians approved the cause on 19 February 2013 as did theologians on 18 September 2014 and the C.C.S. members on 5 May 2015. Just moments after the C.C.S. approved the cause it was taken to Pope Francis for approval.
Mazza's beatification process opened in 1925 in an investigation that had been launched in Verona and had closed in 1927 while a second process opened in that diocese in 1934 and was later closed in 1937. The third and final investigation into Mazza's life and works was launched several decades later in 1988 and closed not long after in 1989. The Congregation for the Causes of Saints validated the investigation in Rome on 14 December 1990 and later received the Positio dossier from the postulation in two parts in 2000 and 2003 for assessment. It was in between that period that the historical consultants to the C.C.S. approved the cause on 1 October 2002 based on the part of the Positio that had been submitted in 2002.
The beatification process opened under Pope John Paul II on 20 January 1990 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued an edict declaring nihil obstat (no objections to the cause) and titling Candia as a Servant of God. Cardinal Carlo Maria Martini oversaw the diocesan phase of investigation in Milan from 12 January 1991 until its closure at a Mass on 8 February 1994; the C.C.S. validated the process on 15 December 1995. The postulation then compiled a positio dossier which was submitted to the C.C.S. in 1998 for assessment. Theologians evaluated the dossier and voiced their assent for the cause on 8 March 2013 as did the cardinal and bishop members of the C.C.S. sometime in 2014.
On 19 March 2008, Dave Caesar Dela Cruz was appointed as the Vice Postulator for the Philippines of the Cause for the Canonization of Blessed Ivan Merz of Croatia and was recognized by the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines. Dela Cruz, being the co-founder and Director of the Confraternity, the CCS is the home office of the Vice Postulation. Having been elected as the Vice Postulator for Blessed Ivan, on 10 May 2008 the Confraternity conducted the first feast celebration of Blessed Ivan Merz in the Philippines at the home Parish of the CCS, the Transfiguration of Our Lord Parish in Cubao, Quezon City, Philippines. Mass was celebrated along with the extension of the Blessed Ivan Merz Scholarship Program.
After the postulation of the General Relativity of Einstein and Hilbert, Theodor Kaluza and Oskar Klein proposed in 1917 a generalization in a 5-dimensional manifold: Kaluza–Klein theory. This theory possesses a 5-dimensional metric (with a compactified and constant 5th metric component, dependent on the gauge potential) and unifies gravitation and electromagnetism, i.e. there is a geometrization of electrodynamics. This theory was modified in 1955 by P. Jordan in his Projective Relativity theory, in which, following group-theoretical reasonings, Jordan took a functional 5th metric component that led to a variable gravitational constant G. In his original work, he introduced coupling parameters of the scalar field, to change energy conservation as well, according to the ideas of Dirac.
The beatification process had not been initiated until several preliminaries were launched in the 1970s and the 1980s to assess if evidence existed to support a formal canonization process. But it remained dormant until 25 January 1991 when the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the "nihil obstat" (no objections) edict and titled Juan and Jacinto as Servants of God. The diocesan process of investigation was inaugurated a month later on 21 February and closed months later that 12 December before the C.C.S. validated the process in Rome on 20 November 1992. The cause's leading officials (the postulation) compiled and submitted a Positio dossier to the C.C.S. for evaluation in 1999 before a board of historians approved it that 7 December.
The beatification process for La Lomia began in the Agrigento archdiocese that saw the late friar titled as a Servant of God; the Archbishop Giovanni Battista Peruzzo oversaw the informative phase of investigation from 1949 until its closure in 1951. The documents and other collected information from the archdiocese was sent to the Congregation for Rites but the cause remained dormant for some time until the Congregation for the Causes of Saints began assessing the documents and validated the informative process on 26 April 1985. The postulation later compiled and submitted the Positio dossier to the C.C.S. for further investigation. The theologians approved the dossier's contents in their meeting on 12 February 2002 as did the C.C.S. themselves on 9 April 2002.
The postulation (the officials in charge of the cause) submitted the official Positio dossier to the C.C.S. in Rome on 15 September 2015 for assessment and it was a dossier that drew upon the documents and interrogatories collected during the diocesan investigation. It also was meant to present the case for Giannotti's holiness and the manner in which this was perceived during his life. Theologians issued a unanimous agreement to the cause on 6 February 2018 as did the cardinal and bishop members of the C.C.S. on 26 March 2019. Giannotti became titled as Venerable on 6 April 2019 after Pope Francis signed a decree that acknowledged that the late friar had practiced heroic virtue throughout his life to an adequate degree.
An apostolic process was held not long after this following a period of inaction and the process spanned from 1930 until such time when documents became lost; these documents for the cause were relocated in 1964 and revitalized the process. The previous processes were validated by the Congregation for the Causes of Saints on 12 January 1990 which allowed for the postulation to submit the Positio to the C.C.S. that same year. On 22 January 1991 he was proclaimed to be Venerable after Pope John Paul II confirmed that the late priest had lived a model Christian life of heroic virtue. The pontiff also approved a miracle attributed to him on 15 December 1994 and beatified Casani in Saint Peter's Square on 1 October 1995.
Libavius was a staunch believer in chrysopoeia, or the ability to transmute a base metal into gold. This viewpoint was a matter of much debate for alchemists of the time, and he defended it in several of his writings. Though he did discover several new chemical processes, he tended to be more of a theoretician, and he leaned toward traditional Aristotelianism rather than Paracelsian alchemy. He was an opponent of Paracelsus on the grounds of Paracelsus' disrespect for ancient thought, magnification of personal experience above others' experience, overstatement of the didactic function of nature, use of magical words and symbols in natural philosophy, confusion of natural and supernatural causes, interjection of seeds into the creation of the universe, and postulation of astral influences.
The process for beatification commenced on 19 April 1979 - under Pope John Paul II - in a diocesan process in Turin that would gather documents on his life as well as collate all his writings and information on his congregation. The beginning of the process granted him the title Servant of God. The process later closed and received the validation of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints on 7 February 1992; this allowed for the latter to commence their own investigation on Boccardo's life and works and began the so-called "Roman Phase". This allowed for the postulation to compile the Positio - or dossier containing biographical details as well as attesting his virtues - and submit it to officials in Rome in 1995.
The beatification process for Borzaga and Lug commenced in Trent after the forum for the process was transferred from Luang Prabang on 30 September 2005 to Trent. The two were then titled as a Servant of God on 22 December 2006 under Pope Benedict XVI after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" and allowed the process to take place. The diocesan process spanned from 7 October 2006 to 17 October 2008 and the C.C.S. later validated the process on 19 June 2009 in a move that allowed for the postulation to send the Positio to the C.C.S. in 2014. Theologians approved the cause on 27 November 2014 while the C.C.S. also voted in approval on 5 May 2015.
The postulation (officials in charge of the cause) submitted the official Positio dossier to the C.C.S. in 2001 for additional investigation thus initiating the so-called "Roman Phase" for the beatification cause. Theologians assessed and approved the dossier on 4 October 2011 as did the C.C.S. cardinal and bishop members on 8 January 2013 (both boards are to ensure the evidence for Cardoso's saintliness is compelling). Cardoso became titled as Venerable on 27 March 2013 after Pope Francis signed a decree that acknowledged that Cardoso had practiced heroic virtue during her lifetime to a favorable degree. Her beatification depends upon the papal confirmation of a miracle – that being often a healing that science or medicine cannot provide an explanation for.
The beatification process launched on 22 February 2007 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" (no objections) decree thus providing their assent to the cause being opened and titling Nottegar as a Servant of God. The diocesan process opened in Verona on 14 May 2007 and concluded later on 6 June 2009 after a period of gathering evidence that could attest to Nottegar's reputation for holiness (writings or other documentation as well as witness interrogatories). The C.C.S. later validated the diocesan investigation in Rome on 23 April 2010 after confirming it adhered to their guidelines for conducting causes. The postulation drafted and submitted the Positio dossier to the C.C.S. officials in Rome on 21 November 2013.
The beatification process commenced with an archdiocesan process in Turin after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints granted their approval to the initiation of the cause on 31 July 1981. The beginning of the process granted her the posthumous title of Servant of God – the first stage in the process – and saw the completion of two processes that were tasked with investigating her life and works. Upon the completion of both processes the postulation compiled the Positio – a large dossier consisting of biographical details attesting to the pros of her cause – in 1994 and submitted it to Rome for their own investigation. A historical commission was called in to ensure that there would be no barriers to the cause proceeding and granted the cause its approval.
The beatification process commenced under Pope Pius XII in an informative diocesan process that commenced in 1955 and concluded its work in 1972. Theologians declared his writings to be in line with the faith and issued a decree on 29 November 1974 to affirm that the team had consulted his writings and approved them. The process was made valid on 8 November 1985 in order for the boxes of documentation from the process to be investigated in Rome. The postulation submitted the Positio to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints in 1994 for assessment which resulted in Pollo being declared Venerable on 18 December 1997 after Pope John Paul II recognized the fact that Pollo had lived a life of the heroic virtue.
The beatification cause started with the transfer of competent forum to one Albanian diocese on 7 June 2002 before the formal introduction under Pope John Paul II in which the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" and titled them all as Servants of God; the diocesan process opened on 10 November 2002 and Cardinal Claudio Hummes closed it on 8 December 2010. The C.C.S validated the process on 9 March 2012 before receiving two volumes that was the Positio in 2015 from the postulation. Theologians approved the cause on 17 December 2015 as did the C.C.S. on 19 April 2016. Pope Francis confirmed the beatification on 26 April 2016 and Cardinal Angelo Amato presided over the beatification on 5 November 2016 in Albania on the pope's behalf.
Bolognesi's tomb in Rovigo. The beatification process opened under Pope John Paul II on 18 February 1992 in which she was titled as a Servant of God after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" to the cause in which it allowed for it to open on a diocesan level. The diocesan process opened on 21 October 1992 and concluded its work on 8 July 2000 before the C.C.S. validated the process in Rome on 25 May 2001 and received the official Positio dossier from the postulation later in 2007. The board of theologians met on two occasions on 19 February 2010 - in which another meeting was requested to discuss her writings and religious experiences - and on 24 June 2011 when definitive approval for the cause was issued.
While a student at the University of Washington, Timothy Liu conducted both laboratory and field experiments to study inter-facial transport and turbulent transfer in the surface (constant flux) layer over the ocean. His postulation of the behavior of the moisture transfer coefficients, at low and high winds were unconventional at that time, and led later to the validation effort in the Humidity Exchange Over Sea (HEXOS) experiment and Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA)-Couple Ocean and Response Experiment (COARE) in the eighties and nineties. Its impact is still felt more than two decades later. His formulation of temperature profile and transport theory in the molecular sub-layer, which is based on gas transfer studies, are being used by the communities studying gas transfer and ocean skin layer today.
The beatification process commenced under John Paul II on 7 July 2000 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" (nothing against) to the cause and titled Jaramillo as a Servant of God. The diocesan phase of investigation opened not long after in Arauca and concluded its business on 29 June 2006 before all documentation was sent to the C.C.S. in Rome in boxes where the latter validated the process. The postulation sent the Positio dossier to the C.C.S. officials in 2015 for investigation though the cause almost came to a halt since it was uncertain whether Jaramillo was killed for religious or political reasons. But the cause managed to continue with theologians approving the dossier on 11 May 2017 and the C.C.S. following suit on 4 July 2017.
The C.C.S. received the Positio from the postulation in 1985 and sent it to their consulting theologians on 23 October 1990 for their approval while the C.C.S. themselves approved the cause on 26 March 1991. Pope John Paul II proclaimed Stenmanns to be Venerable on 14 May 1991 after confirming that the late nun had lived a life of heroic virtue. The process for investigating the miracle needed for her beatification opened in Brazil and after received C.C.S. validation on 4 February 2005. A medical board granted their approval to the miracle on 24 November 2005 while consulting theologians followed suit on 31 May 2006; the C.C.S. granted approval on 6 February 2007 while Pope Benedict XVI gave his official approval to her beatification on 1 June 2007.
The beatification process launched on 7 July 2003 under Pope John Paul II and he was titled as a Servant of God after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints published the "nihil obstat" (no objections) decree that would allow for the cause's launch. The Bishop of Como inaugurated the diocesan investigation for the cause on 15 September 2004 and closed it in Como on 19 November 2005; the C.C.S. validated this process in Rome on 24 February 2007. The postulation then drafted and compiled the Positio dossier that collated witness testimonies and gathered documentation accumulated from the diocesan process; this dossier was submitted to the C.C.S. on 16 February 2013. The dossier received approval from theologians on 3 June 2014 and from the C.C.S. members on 22 September 2015.
Pio Alberto del Corona (seated left) in 1908 with Hyacinthe-Marie Cormier (seated middle). The cause for his beatification commenced in 1941 in both Florence and San Miniato which saw the late archbishop titled as a Servant of God; this process closed in 1959 at which stage theologians examined and approved his spiritual writings on 3 December 1971 (writings possessing no doctrinal errors). But the cause remained dormant for sometime before it was reactivated and a diocesan process was held from 2000 until 28 August 2002; documents from that and the informative process were sent to officials in the Congregation for the Causes of Saints on 4 September 2002. The C.C.S. validated these processes on 4 June 2004 and received the Positio dossier from the postulation in 2007.
The beatification process opened in the Catanzaro-Squillace archdiocese in a diocesan investigation into her life and reputation for holiness that spanned from 31 July 2009 until it was concluded some months later on 24 January 2010. This occurred despite the fact that the formal introduction of the cause did not come until 25 September 2009 when the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" (no objections to the cause being introduced) edict and titling Tolomeo as a Servant of God. The C.C.S. later received the documentation collected during the investigation and validated the process on 9 April 2011 as having complied with their regulations for conducing causes. The postulation (the officials in charge of the cause) submitted the Positio dossier to the C.C.S. on 10 October 2012 for further assessment.
The beatification process was launched on 9 December 1991 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" (no objections to the cause) decree and titled Tasca as a Servant of God. The diocesan investigation was conducted in Vicenza from 7 March until 23 November 1992 at which point documentation was sent to the C.C.S. in Rome for further investigation; the C.C.S. validated the process on 1 October 1993 as having complied with their regulations. The postulation submitted the Positio dossier to the C.C.S. in 1994; this was a dossier that compiled interrogatories and documents relating to Tasca's life and her reputation for holiness. Theologians debated and approved the dossier on 21 January 2010 after a first debate held on 20 June 2009 proved inconclusive.
The beatification process opened on 23 August 1973 under Pope Paul VI after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" to the cause and titled Manna as a Servant of God. Cardinal Corrado Ursi inaugurated the cognitional process in Naples on 4 May 1973 and later oversaw its successful closure in 1976; theologians approved his spiritual writings on 15 February 1980 after determining his writings did not contravene official doctrine while the C.C.S. later validated the cognitional process in 1981. The C.C.S. later received the Positio in 1985 from the postulation. Theologians approved the cause on 10 May 1988 as did the C.C.S. on 10 January 1989 while Pope John Paul II confirmed the late priest's life of heroic virtue and titled him as Venerable on 18 February 1989.
The Congregation for the Causes of Saints validated the previous processes in Rome on 16 January 1970 before later receiving the Positio from the postulation in 1985. Theologians assented to the cause on 9 July 1985 as did the C.C.S. on 8 January 1986 while the confirmation of his life of heroic virtue allowed for Pope John Paul II to title him as Venerable on 16 January 1986. The miracle for his beatification was investigated and later validated prior to a medical board of experts approving it on 7 January 1987 with theologians to follow on 26 June 1987 and the C.C.S. as well on 20 October 1987. John Paul II issued final authorization needed for the miracle on 11 December 1987 and beatified Stanggassinger on 24 April 1988.
Aristotle argues, in Book 8 of the Physics and Book 12 of the Metaphysics, "that there must be an immortal, unchanging being, ultimately responsible for all wholeness and orderliness in the sensible world". In the Physics (VIII 4–6) Aristotle finds "surprising difficulties" explaining even commonplace change, and in support of his approach of explanation by four causes, he required "a fair bit of technical machinery". This "machinery" includes potentiality and actuality, hylomorphism, the theory of categories, and "an audacious and intriguing argument, that the bare existence of change requires the postulation of a first cause, an unmoved mover whose necessary existence underpins the ceaseless activity of the world of motion". Aristotle's "first philosophy", or Metaphysics ("after the Physics"), develops his peculiar theology of the prime mover, as : an independent divine eternal unchanging immaterial substance.
His sister - sometime after this - went to Rome to discuss this with Vatican officials to rehabilitate her brother's good name rather than to resume the cause. The allegations were proven to be false and Vatican officials declared that the cause would resume. The formal introduction of the cause came under Pope Paul VI on 12 June 1978 and he became titled as a Servant of God. An apostolic process was later held following this and it concluded later in 1981. The Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued a decree of validation on 12 June 1987 for the previous processes and received the Positio dossier from the postulation later in 1987. Theologians approved its contents on 14 July 1987 as did the members of the C.C.S. later on 28 September 1987.
The cause of beatification commenced in Madrid in an informative process that spanned from 31 January 1953 until an unspecified point but an apostolic process was later held in order to collect further evidence. The formal introduction to the cause came on 7 January 1982 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints granted the official "nihil obstat" and titled him as a Servant of God. The C.C.S. validated the two previous processes on 28 February 1984 and later received the official Positio dossier from the postulation for assessment. Theologians approved the cause on 26 June 1990 as did the C.C.S. on 20 October 1992. Pope John Paul II recognized that he had lived a life of heroic virtue and proclaimed him to be Venerable on 21 December 1992.
The beatification process opened in Toulouse in 1935 and concluded before the formal introduction of the cause on 19 February 1956 under Pope Pius XII; this process enabled him to receive the title Servant of God. Following this there was one final process to continue the work of the first process. Once that was completed the postulation compiled the Positio for the Congregation for the Causes of Saints in Rome to evaluate. Pope John Paul II proclaimed him to be Venerable on 9 June 1984 on the account of his model Christian life of heroic virtue and beatified him on 3 October 2004 after the approval of a miracle: the healing of a nine year old from cerebrospinal meningitis who was healed a day after praying to Cassant.
Oliver Leaman (2006), Shruti, in Encyclopaedia of Asian Philosophy, Routledge, , page 503 The Mīmāṃsā school was foundational and influential for the vedāntic schools, which were also known as Uttara-Mīmāṃsā for their focus on the "later" (uttara) portions of the Vedas, the Upaniṣads. While both "earlier" and "later" Mīmāṃsā investigate the aim of human action, they do so with different attitudes towards the necessity of ritual praxis. Mīmāṃsā has several sub-schools, each defined by its epistemology. The Prābhākara sub- school, which takes its name from the seventh-century philosopher Prabhākara, described the five epistemically reliable means to gaining knowledge: pratyakṣa or perception; anumāna or inference; upamāṇa, by comparison and analogy; arthāpatti, the use of postulation and derivation from circumstances; and śabda, the word or testimony of past or present reliable experts.
Ancient and medieval Hindu texts identify six pramāṇas as correct means of accurate knowledge and truths: # Pratyakṣa - Direct perception # Anumāṇa - Inference or indirect perception # Upamāṇa - Comparison and analogy # Arthāpatti - Postulation, derivation from circumstances # Anupalabdi - Non-perception, absence of proof # Shabda - Word, testimony of past or present reliable experts Each of these are further categorized in terms of conditionality, completeness, confidence and possibility of error, by the different schools. The schools vary on how many of these six are valid paths of knowledge. For example, the Cārvāka nāstika philosophy holds that only one (perception) is an epistemically reliable means of knowledge, the Samkhya school holds that three are (perception, inference and testimony), while the Mīmāṃsā and Advaita schools hold that all six are epistemically useful and reliable means to knowledge.
Starting In 1977, Sardinian historian Father Umberto Zucca spent six years researching Italian and Spanish archives to compile the completed set of documents required to advance the process of Beatification, and on 18 May 1984 the Congregation for the Causes of Saints decided that the cause can proceed. On 25 November 1984, the Archbishop of Sassari, Salvatore Isgrò, created a commission for the examination of the collected documentation, a process that continued until 15 August 1990, when the late priest became titled as a Servant of God. The postulation submitted the Positio to the C.C.S. for assessment in 2001. Historians assented to the cause on 4 March 2003 while theologians on 16 May 2013 endorsed the cause as did the members of the C.C.S. on 4 February 2014.
Andrew Munro (died before 24 October 1454) [de Munro, de Munroy], or Aindréas Mac an Rothaich as his Gaelic kindred name, was a Scottish churchman active in the 15th century, undoubtedly given his surname a native of Ross of Clan Munro. In either 1421 or 1422, he became Archdeacon of Ross on exchange with John de Inchmartin, and was issued a new papal provision on 6 October 1422; his provision was repeated on 11 March 1431.Watt, Fasti Ecclesiae, p. 286. Following the death of John Bullock, Bishop of Ross, in either 1439 or 1440, Munro was postulated as Bullock's successor by the cathedral chapter; his postulation, rather than election, occurred because Munro had a "defect of birth", being the son of an unmarried woman and a priest.
The cause for canonization opened on 17 November 1990 under Pope John Paul II and she became titled as a Servant of God after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued an official edict declaring "nihil obstat" (nothing against the cause). The diocesan phase of investigation was inaugurated under Giovanni Saldarini on 21 January 1991 who later closed it on 4 July 1994; the C.C.S. later validated this process on 13 January 1995. In 2009 the postulation submitted the Positio dossier for further assessment with historical advisors issuing their assent on 27 October 2009 to the cause. Theologians affirmed their support for the cause on 1 April 2014 following their assessment of the Positio with the cardinal and bishop members of the C.C.S. also approving it on 21 April 2015.
Tomb. The beatification process commenced in the Diocese of Spoleto-Norcia in an informative process that commenced on 5 August 1968 and concluded its business on 5 June 1971. Fasce was titled as a Servant of God on 5 August 1968 under Pope Paul VI once the process commenced. The Congregation for the Causes of Saints validated the process on 6 May 1988 in Rome. The postulation sent the Positio dossier to the C.C.S. for further assessment at which point theologians met and approved its contents on 17 January 1995 while the C.C.S. themselves followed suit on 6 June 1995. Pope John Paul II proclaimed Fasce to be Venerable on 11 July 1995 after confirming that the late religious had lived a model Christian life of heroic virtue.
The Central languages share a significant number of common features. These features can generally be attributed to diffusion of features through borrowing: "Extensive lexical, phonological, and perhaps grammatical borrowing—the diffusion of elements and features across language boundaries—appears to have been the major factor in giving the languages in the area of the Upper Great Lakes their generally similar cast, and it has not been possible to find any shared innovations substantial enough to require the postulation of a genetically distinct Central Algonquian subgroup." The possibility that the proposed genetic subgrouping of Ojibwa and Potawatomi can also be accounted for as diffusion has also been raised: "The putative Ojibwa–Potawatomi subgroup is similarly open to question, but cannot be evaluated without more information on Potawatomi dialects."Goddard, Ives, 1979, pp. 95–96.
The beatification process commenced in Kraków in a diocesan process that Cardinal Franciszek Macharski inaugurated on 31 December 1985 and closed later on 29 May 1990; the formal introduction came under Ciesielski's old friend John Paul II on 7 February 1992 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" to the cause and titled him as a Servant of God. The C.C.S. validated the diocesan process on 21 February 1992 and received the Positio from the postulation for assessment in 1995. Theologians voiced their assent to the dossier's contents on 25 September 2012 as did the members of the C.C.S. on 17 December 2013. Pope Francis named Ciesielski as Venerable on 17 December 2013 after confirming that he had lived a model Christian life of heroic virtue.
The beatification process commenced in Parma in September 1945 in an informative process that had been tasked to compile documentation and witness testimonies that could attest to the potential sanctification of Picco. Theologians approved her writings as being in line with the magisterium of the faith on 6 June 1963 during the papal sede vacante which would allow for the cause to proceed to the next stage. The process was ratified in Rome on 14 March 1986 and allowed for the postulation to submit the Positio to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints in 1987 for further assessment. On 18 February 1989 she was proclaimed to be Venerable after Pope John Paul II acknowledged that Picco had lived a model life of heroic virtue – both cardinal and theological virtues.
The beatification process opened under Pope Pius XII on 1 September 1941 and she became titled as a Servant of God while that same 1 September the informative process launched in Córdoba under Archbishop Fermín Emilio Lafitte and closed at some unspecified time; the Congregation for the Causes of Saints validated this process in Rome on 7 April 1989 and received the Positio dossier from the postulation in 1990. Historians approved the cause on 12 December 1995 as did the theologians on 25 January 1997; the C.C.S. granted their approval on 7 October 1997. Pope John Paul II titled her as Venerable on 18 December 1997 after confirming her life of heroic virtue. The process for a miracle opened in Tucumán on 16 August 2012 and closed on 27 November 2012 while the C.C.S. validated this process in Rome on 25 October 2013.
The beatification cause opened on 29 March 1996 under Pope John Paul II after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the nihil obstat and titled Daronch as a Servant of God; the cause was joined to that of Father Manuel. The diocesan process was held from 1996 to 1997 with the C.C.S. validating the investigation on 4 December 1998. The postulation sent the Positio to the C.C.S. for assessment in 2001 at which point historians met and approved the dossier on 13 February 2001; theologians approved it as well on 26 September 2006 as did the C.C.S. cardinal and bishop members that 21 November. Daronch and Manuel's beatification received papal confirmation from Pope Benedict XVI a month later on 16 December after the pope confirmed that the pair were killed in odium fidei (in hatred of the faith).
The beatification process was launched on 23 May 1983 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" (no objections to the cause) edict and titled Panas as a Servant of God. The diocesan investigation into her life and reputation for holiness opened in the Fabriano-Matelica diocese on 10 October 1983 and was closed sometime later on 17 April 1988 before all documentation collected was sealed in boxes and sent to the C.C.S. in Rome who would begin their own investigation based on the evidence submitted. The C.C.S. issued a decree that validated the diocesan process on 12 November 1993 as having complied with their regulations for conducting causes. The postulation - officials in charge of the cause - compiled and submitted the official Positio dossier to the C.C.S. for further investigation in 1998.
The beatification process took initial steps on 18 December 1999 after the forum for the diocesan process was transferred from Alcalá de Henares to Madrid. Morales became titled as a Servant of God after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the "nihil obstat" (no objections) edict thus launching the cause. The Cardinal Archbishop of Madrid Antonio María Rouco Varela opened the diocesan process on 24 June 2000 and closed it later on 18 March 2007; the C.C.S. later validated this process in Rome on 17 October 2008 and received the Positio dossier from the postulation in 2013 for evaluation. Theologians confirmed the cause at their meeting on 6 October 2016 while the cardinal and bishop members comprising the C.C.S. also provided a positive vote to the cause at their meeting on 17 October 2017.
The beatification process for the late priest launched on 30 June 1997 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints titled Lipani as a Servant of God and issued the official "nihil obstat" (no objections) edict that declared no impediments would prevent the cause being launched. The Caltanissetta diocese launched a diocesan process of investigation on 11 October 1997 and later closed it on 9 July 2001; the C.C.S. in Rome validated this process on 2 May 2008 after determining it completed its work and adhered to C.C.S. rules for conducting causes. The postulation (officials in charge of the cause) submitted the official Positio dossier to the C.C.S. on 23 February 2016 for evaluation. Nine theologians issued their unanimous approval to the cause on 17 January 2019 as did the C.C.S. cardinal and bishop members later on 18 June 2019.
The beatification process began on 14 January 1986 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" to the cause and titled him as a Servant of God; the formal diocesan phase collecting documentation occurred in the Rabaul archdiocese from 21 January 1987 until 30 March 1989 when all documents were sealed in boxes and sent to Rome for the C.C.S. to review. The C.C.S. validated this inquest on 2 June 1989 and after received the Positio dossier from the postulation of the cause in 1991. Theologians approved the dossier's contents on 26 June 1992 as did the C.C.S. members on 1 December 1992. His beatification received approval from Pope John Paul II on 2 April 1993 after the pope confirmed that To Rot had been killed "in odium fidei" (in hatred of the faith).
The beatification process commenced in a diocesan process that Cardinal Anastasio Ballestrero inaugurated in Turin on 20 March 1988 while it later closed under Giovanni Saldarini on 20 January 1990; the Congregation for the Causes of Saints later validated this process on 12 February 1994. The formal introduction to the cause came under Pope John Paul II on 13 January 1989 and Girotti became titled as a Servant of God. The C.C.S. received the official Positio dossier from the postulation in 2003 for assessment. Theologians asserted their belief that Girotti was killed for his faith on 20 January 2012 while the C.C.S. also came to the same conclusion on 5 February 2013; Pope Francis confirmed on 27 March 2013 that Girotti was killed "in odium fidei" ("in hatred of the faith") and thus confirmed the priest's impending beatification.
The beatification process launched on 14 November 1984 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official nihil obstat (no objections to the cause) decree and titled Boismenu as a Servant of God. The diocesan process was inaugurated in the Bereina diocese under its bishop Benedict To Varpin on 6 November 1984 and later concluded its work of collecting documentation and interrogatories on 21 March 1987. The evidence collected during that process was submitted in boxes to the C.C.S. office in Rome where the C.C.S. issued a decree on 18 November 1988 that validated the process as having complied with their regulations for conducting causes. The postulation would later submit the Positio dossier to the C.C.S. in 1996 for further assessment – a dossier detailing his life and reputation for holiness as well as all evidence collated during the diocesan process.
The beatification process commenced under Pope John Paul II on 17 July 2017 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the edict of "nihil obstat" (nothing against to the cause) and titled Bussone as a Servant of God. Cardinal Giovanni Saldarini inaugurated the diocesan process of investigation on 26 May 1996 while the process reached a successful conclusion under Severino Poletto on 17 December 2000. The C.C.S. received all the documents that came from the Turin process and validated it on 15 June 2001 prior to receiving the Positio dossier from the postulation officials in 2003 for further evaluation. Theologians advising the congregation met to examine the Positio's contents and voiced their approval to the cause on 17 September 2013 while the C.C.S. members themselves later approved the cause as well on 17 March 2015.
Confession (2000–2002), Before They Were Beatles (2004) and Sweet Dreams (2002) developed the subjects of genetic memory and the theme of war.Artpulse Magazine, with Hans Op de Beeck, Fall 2011 The videos aim to assert the postulation that "memory is perhaps genetically transferred from generation to generation."Tom Breidenbach, Tim White: Confession, exhibition catalog, NY 2001 Confession had a multi-channel narrative sequence and examined migrant literary characters which also appeared in Closer to Fall, Awakening, Route 17N, and The Sound and the Fury. In 2007, Tim White completed a series of large scale photographs and a video titled Awakening and in 2008, as an expansion on the same theme, Route 17 North. The series’ near-repetition rhythm reveals an image of an American youth at the beginning of the 21st century, in the world of post-modern simulacra.
The fame for his personal holiness reached far and wide across both Milan and Monza which prompted the Cardinal Archbishop of Milan Alfredo Ildefonso Schuster to commence the investigations for potential canonization. Cardinal Giovanni Battista Montini – the future Pope Paul VI – inaugurated the informative process in June 1957 and later closed it in December 1958. His spiritual writings received the approval of the theologians called in to assess them on two occasions on 29 March 1963 and again on 9 October 1971. The informative process received the validation of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints on 13 January 1989 so that the cause could proceed; the postulation submitted the Positio to the C.C.S. in 1989. Theologians assented to the cause's continuation on 14 January 1992 as did the cardinal and bishop members of the C.C.S. on 2 June 1992.
The informative process for beatification commenced in 1930 and concluded its business in 1947 while two separate processes were held in other Italian cities - one in Sassari spanned from 1932 until 1947 while the other in Turin opened in 1934 and closed in 1947 at the same time as the other two processes. Theologians approved her writings to be orthodox on 12 January 1950. The formal introduction of the cause came under Pope Paul VI on 27 January 1966 and she was accorded the title of Servant of God as the first official stage in the process. The Congregation for the Causes of Saints validated these processes in Rome on 27 September 1985 and received the official Positio dossier from the postulation in 1998 for inspection. Theologians approved the cause on 4 February 2005 as did the C.C.S. on 17 May 2005.
The beatification process opened in Monreale in an informative process that Archbishop Corrado Mingo inaugurated on 6 March 1968 and later closed on 26 June 1975. Theologians issued a decree on 14 May 1980 that saw the approval of all of her spiritual writings while she was proclaimed a Servant of God on 11 May 1982 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" to the cause - the formal introduction of the cause. Archbishop Salvatore Cassisa later opened a cognitional process that he closed on 8 March 1985 before the C.C.S. validated these two processess in Rome on 6 November 1987. The postulation submitted the Positio in 1988 which allowed for theologians to approve it on 20 September while the C.C.S. followed suit on 6 December before passing it onto the pope for his approval.
The beatification process commenced on 6 March 1981 after the late nun was titled as a Servant of God and the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" to the cause which would allow it to proceed first on a diocesan level; this cognitional process was opened on 2 February 1982 and concluded on 2 February 1987 while receiving C.C.S. validation on 2 December 1988 in Rome. The C.C.S. later received the Positio dossier from the postulation in 1992 for assessment. Theologians issued their approval to the dossier's contents on 21 December 1999 which allowed for the C.C.S. to deliver their own positive approval on 4 April 2000. Pellesi was named as Venerable on 1 July 2000 after Pope John Paul II confirmed that the late nun had lived a model life of heroic virtue.
The beatification process opened on 28 September 2004 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" (no objections to the cause made) edict and titled Zanetta as a Servant of God. The cause opened in the Novara diocese under the then-Bishop (now cardinal) Renato Corti on 17 October 2004 in a diocesan process that lasted until 29 April 2006 collecting documentation and witness interrogatories (including from her relatives). The documentation was sent to the C.C.S. in Rome who issued a decree on 22 February 2008 validating the process (the decree was issued to highlight that the diocesan process was not inconsistent with C.C.S. rules for conducting beatification processes on the diocesan level). The postulation (the officials leading and coordinating the cause) compiled and submitted the official Positio dossier to the C.C.S. in 2014 for evaluation.
The early linguist Leonard Bloomfield believed it necessary to develop linguistics as a cumulative, non-personal discipline; as a "genuine" science. In a talk in 1946, speaking of the development of the American Linguistics Society, he stated the fostering of such a discipline had saved it "from the blight of the odium theologicum and the postulation of schools . . . denouncing all persons who disagree or who choose to talk about something else," and he added "The struggle with recalcitrant facts, unyielding in their complexity, trains everyone who works actively in science to be humble, and accustoms him to impersonal acknowledgement of error." Philosopher and historian of science Thomas Samuel Kuhn argued that scientists are strongly committed to their beliefs, theories and methods (the collection of which he termed "paradigms"), and that science progresses mainly by paradigm shifts.
A study of Population Genetics of Finno-Ugric speaking humans in North Eurasia carried out between 2002–2008 in the Department of Forensic Medicine at the University of Helsinki showed that most of the Finno-Ugric speaking populations possess an amalgamation of West and East Eurasian gene pools, genetic drift, and recurrent founder effects. North Eurasian Finno-Ugric-speaking populations were found to be genetically a heterogeneous group showing lower haplotype diversities compared to more southern populations. North Eurasian Finno-Ugric- speaking populations possess unique genetic features due to complex genetic changes shaped by molecular and population genetics and adaptation to the areas of Boreal and Arctic North Eurasia.PhD thesis The proposal of a Finno- Ugric language family has led to the postulation not just of an ancient Proto–Finno-Ugric people, but that the modern Finno-Ugric–speaking peoples are genetically related.
The beatification process was transferred from its then-forum of Cheongju on 10 January 2004 to Masan. It allowed for the Congregation for the Causes of Saints – under Pope John Paul II – to grant the "nihil obstat" ('nothing against') to the cause in which Thomas was accorded the posthumous title of Servant of God: the first official stage in the process. The diocesan process opened in the Diocese of Masan on 3 December 2005 and closed on 20 May 2009; the C.C.S. validated the process in Rome on 1 October 2010. The postulation then submitted the Positio to the C.C.S. in 2014 while the latter passed it onto a board of historians for their own assessment. The historians had to meet before the Positio could be reviewed by the C.C.S.; it was approved on 18 November 2014.
Bishop Pedro Barrachina Estevan announced during Herrero's funeral that he would initiate the steps leading to the beatification process and in 1991 the Bishop (now cardinal) Francisco Álvarez Martínez announced that he had authorized further steps to enact the cause. Herrero became titled as a Servant of God on 28 January 1997 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" decree (no objections to the cause) thus enabling for the cause to proceed with their approval. The diocesan process was initiated under Bishop Victorio Oliver Domingo on 30 June 1997 and was closed on 9 June 1998; the C.C.S. issued a decree on 21 May 1999 validating the process as having complied with their regulations for conducting causes. In 2011 the postulation - officials in charge of the cause - submitted the Positio dossier to the C.C.S. for assessment.
On 30 November 1411 Chichele, with two other bishops and three earls and the prince of Wales, knelt to the king to receive public thanks for their administration. That he was in high favour with Henry V is shown by his being sent with Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick (1382–1439) to France in July 1413 to conclude peace. Immediately after the death of Thomas Arundel Archbishop of Canterbury the king recommended him to the pope for promotion to the archbishopric on 13 March 1414, signified his royal assent of Chichele's postulation on 23 March 1414, translated by papal bull on 28 April 1414, and received the pall without going to Rome for it on 24 July. These dates are important as they help to save Chichele from the charge, versified by Shakespeare (Henry V. act 1. sc.
AMERICA/MEXICO - The child martyrs of Tlaxcala declared Patrons of Mexican childhood It had been reported that the three teenagers could be proclaimed as saints either in 2017 or in 2018 since the cause was in its "advantaged stages" according to Cardinal Angelo Amato in a meeting with the postulation. The cardinal also expressed that Pope Francis was monitoring the cause and had expressed his own closeness to this particular cause. The 30 C.C.S. members met to approve the cause on 14 March 2017 before passing it to the pope for approval; Pope Francis approved the canonization without the required miracle on 23 March 2017 thus confirming the three teenagers would be canonized. The date was formalized at a gathering of cardinals on 20 April and the children were canonized as saints on 15 October 2017.
The beatification process opened in Milan after Archbishop Paolo Angelo Ballerini inaugurated the diocesan process in 1864 and later closed it in 1867; the cause remained inactive due to situations in Milan despite attempts to revitalize it. Theologians later approved all of Morazzone's spiritual writings on 24 May 1958 and the Congregation for the Causes of Saints later validated the informative process on 29 January 1993. Historians approved the cause on 15 December 1998 while the postulation later submitted the Positio to the C.C.S. in 1999; theologians approved it on 20 April 2007 as did the C.C.S. on 20 November 2007. Morazzone was named as Venerable on 17 December 2007 after Pope Benedict XVI confirmed his life of heroic virtue. The process for a miracle spanned from 24 May 2005 until 21 March 2006 and received validation on 9 June 2007.
Tomb in the Maribor Cathedral Bust The beatification process opened in Maribor in an informative process that investigated his life and his virtues which later received validation on 2 December 1994 from the Congregation for the Causes of Saints; the postulation sent the Positio in 1995 to the C.C.S. for assessment. Historians first approved the cause on 9 January 1996 as did theologians on 2 April 1996 and the C.C.S. on 7 May 1996. His life of heroic virtue was confirmed on 13 May 1996 and this allowed for Pope John Paul II to title him as Venerable. The miracle for his beatification was investigated and received C.C.S. validation on 20 June 1996 prior to a medical panel approving it on 4 February 1997; theologians did so also on 20 June 1997 as did the C.C.S. on 1 July 1998.
One prominently criticised assumption of the Bruun Rule is its postulation of the net effects of longshore transport as negligible, as the rule is by definition a two dimensional cross shore model that does not account for the longshore third dimension. These longshore effects can, however, be the major cause of sediment erosion or deposition along beaches, dominating shoreline morphology and even masking the impacts of sea level rise as described by the Bruun Model. Another criticised assumption is the existence of a 'depth of closure'. The depth of closure is considered to be the water depth beyond which there are no significant changes in bed level, and is usually taken as the boundary between the upper shoreface, characterised by breaking waves and bars, and the lower shoreface, characterised by nonbreaking waves and a lack of bars.
The beatification process commenced on 1 March 1985 once the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" decree (meaning no objections) and titled Navarrete as a Servant of God; the diocesan process was held in the Aguascalientes diocese from 30 June 1985 until 21 August 1992 at which point all documentation was sent to C.C.S. officials in Rome for additional investigation. The C.C.S. later validated this process on 6 March 1993 and later received the Positio dossier from the postulation in 1997 to assess it. Nine theologians confirmed the cause after having reviewed the dossier on 19 December 2003 as did the C.C.S. members some months later on 4 May 2004. Navarrete became titled as Venerable on 22 June 2004 after Pope John Paul II confirmed that the late religious had lived a model Christian life of heroic virtue.
Together with the work of Emile Zuckerkandl and Linus Pauling, the genetic equidistance result directly led to the formal postulation of the molecular clock hypothesis in the early 1960s. Similarly, Vincent Sarich and Allan Wilson in 1967 demonstrated that molecular differences among modern Primates in albumin proteins showed that approximately constant rates of change had occurred in all the lineages they assessed. The basic logic of their analysis involved recognizing that if one species lineage had evolved more quickly than a sister species lineage since their common ancestor, then the molecular differences between an outgroup (more distantly related) species and the faster-evolving species should be larger (since more molecular changes would have accumulated on that lineage) than the molecular differences between the outgroup species and the slower-evolving species. This method is known as the relative rate test.
The beatification process commenced in a diocesan process on 30 June 1987 in which those involved were required to investigate Pérez's life and her personal holiness. The process also saw the accumulation of documentation pertaining to her life and later closed on 3 October 1989. This process took place despite the fact that the Congregation for the Causes of Saints did not grant their formal approval to the initiation of the cause until 5 December 1989 - this conferred upon her the title of Servant of God. The process was deemed to have completed its work according to the set criteria in 1993 which allowed for the Congregation for the Causes of Saints to begin their own line of investigation into the cause. The postulation submitted the Positio - biographical details and attesting to her beatification cause - to Rome in 1997.
The beatification process commenced in Chur in an informative process that opened as a means of collating documents and testimonies pertaining to Scherer's life and time in her institute. Such a process also had to separate her writings so that theologians could determine if her works remained in line with doctrine and approved her writings on 6 December 1942. An apostolic process was held not long after this. The formal introduction to the process came on 11 December 1949 under Pope Pius XII in which she was accorded with the posthumous title of Servant of God - the first official stage in the process. The Congregation of Rites - in Rome - validated the previous processes in 1953 and following this progress stalled for several decades until the postulation submitted the Positio to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints in 1991.
The beatification process started in the initial phase after the forum for the beatification was transferred to Beirut from the Anatolia apostolic vicariate on August 30, 2005; he was titled as a Servant of God on October 3, 2005 under Pope Benedict XVI after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" to the cause. The diocesan process opened on February 17, 2007 and later concluded its business on October 28, 2009 while a second process opened at some stage following this and later closed on December 15, 2011; the C.C.S. validated these processes in Rome on October 1, 2012 and received the two separate parts of the Positio dossier from the postulation in both 2014 and in 2015. The historians advising the C.C.S. approved unanimously the cause in March 2017.Communication with the vice-postulator, Father Tony Haddad ofm. cap.
The beatification cause opened in a diocesan process in Saltillo and spanned from 12 February 1987 until its closure just under a decade later on 19 August 1995; he became titled as a Servant of God under Pope John Paul II after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" to the cause. The C.C.S. later validated the process in Rome on 23 November 1995 and received the Positio dossier in 2001 from the postulation. Theologians approved the dossier's contents on 5 November 2010 as did the C.C.S. members on 4 February 2014; Pope Francis titled Echavarría as Venerable on 7 February 2014 after confirming that the late bishop lived a life of model heroic virtue. The process for a miracle opened in Saltillo on 28 October 1999 and closed on 5 January 2001; the C.C.S. validated this process on 11 January 2002.
The beatification process for Prennushi and other companions killed under communist rule took its first step on 7 June 2002 after all causes for each individual were transferred from various dioceses to that of Shkodër-Pult while Prennushi was made the lead individual for the cause. The candidates – including Prennushi – were all titled to be a Servant of God on 4 September 2002 under Pope John Paul II after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" to the cause. The diocesan process spanned from 10 November 2002 until 8 December 2010 and it received C.C.S. validation on 9 March 2012. The postulation sent the official Positio dossier to the C.C.S. in Rome in 2015 which allowed for theologians to review the cause and approve it on 17 December 2015 while the C.C.S. did so as well on 19 April 2016.
There are still centuries of civilization and preparation > before us, when man will finally understand that privileges of a certain > religion are neither based on law nor on the religion's own fundament, so > that it will be a real benefit to abolish simply any civil divergence in > favour of one religion. However under the rule of this Wise the nation got > so accustomed to tolerance and compatibility in respect to other religions, > that at least force, bann and the right to exclude are no longer popular > terms. In consequence the second part on religious power had to criticize the present conditions of that religion which he always had to defend during his life. For these critics he needed the idea that state and religion should be divided, but kept in harmony, as well as the utopic postulation of a just state which should be the political target of a religious community.
The beatification process opened in Lleida in an informative process tasked with the collection of documentation in relation to his life and this process spanned from 2 February 1959 until its closure just over a decade later on 16 May 1971; the formal introduction to the cause came under Pope John Paul II on 22 July 1986 and he became titled as a Servant of God. The Congregation for the Causes of Saints later validated the informative phase in Rome on 18 November 1991 and received the Positio dossier from the postulation in 1992 for assessment. Theological advisors approved the cause on 10 November 2000 as did the cardinal and bishop members of the C.C.S. on 12 December 2000. John Paul II approved – on 18 December 2000 – that Castelló had been killed "in odium fidei" (in hatred of the faith) and thus approved the beatification.
The beatification process opened on 22 September 1978 under Pope John Paul I and Mesina was henceforth titled as a Servant of God after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" to the cause. The cause commenced in the Diocese of Nuoro on 17 April 1979 after Bishop Giovanni Melis Fois inaugurated the cognitional process and later closed it on 11 March 1985 before the cause received the validation from the C.C.S. on 7 March 1986. The postulation overseeing the cause compiled and sent the Positio dossier to the C.C.S. in 1986 for assessment which allowed for theologians to review and approve it on 13 January 1987 with the C.C.S. doing the same on 7 March 1987. Pope John Paul II approved the fact that Mesina had died "in defensum castitatis" on 8 May 1987 and therefore of approved her beatification.
The beatification process commenced after Bishop Fermín Emilio Lafitte inaugurated an informative process to assess the late friar's life on 18 July 1930 and later concluded the process in a solemn Mass held on 20 December 1945; theologians approved all of his spiritual writings to be in full line with official doctrine on 23 November 1963 while the Congregation for the Causes of Saints would later validate the cause on 1 March 2002. The formal introduction to the cause came under Pope Paul VI on 13 April 1978 and he became titled as a Servant of God. The postulation submitted the Positio dossier to the C.C.S. in 2004 who assigned a board of historians to discuss the cause on 16 November 2004. Theologians approved the cause on 3 February 2006 as did the C.C.S. on 17 October 2006 after a thorough review of the dossier's contents.
The process for beatification was held on two fronts in both Rome and in Sassari. The first process opened on 15 June 1857 and concluded its work prior to the formal introduction of the cause decades later on 22 April 1880 under Pope Leo XIII; this conferred upon her the title Servant of God. The second process was then conducted and was closed before the Congregation of the Causes of Saints revitalized the cause and declared "nihil obstat" (nothing against) to the continuation of the cause on 4 March 1994; on 11 March 1994 the two previous processes were validated so that the next step of the process could commence. The postulation then submitted the Positio to officials for further investigation in 1997 and the cause was moved at once to its historical commission on 22 April 1997 as is the case with older causes.
The beatification process was launched in his old diocese in an informative process that was inaugurated on 30 November 1956 and was closed a decade later on 4 July 1966; the contents of the overall investigation was then sent to the Congregation for Rites in Rome for evaluation. But the cause remained dormant until 18 October 1991 when the Congregation for the Causes of Saints validated the informative process and in 1993 received the Positio from the postulation for additional research and assessment. Theologians advising the C.C.S. did not meet to discuss and approve the dossier until over a decade after on 7 November 2006 with the C.C.S. also confirming the cause on 15 April 2008. Di Donna was later proclaimed as Venerable on 3 July 2008 after Pope Benedict XVI confirmed that the late bishop had lived a model life of heroic virtue.
The beatification process commenced on 15 December 1981 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" and titled her as a Servant of God; the diocesan process opened in the Diocese of Huelva and Bishop Rafael González Moralejo oversaw the diocesan process from 12 April 1982 until 15 September 1984. The C.C.S. validated this process in Rome on 20 December 1985 and received the Positio from postulation officials in 1990. Theologians approved the cause on 14 May 1996 as did the C.C.S. on 5 November 1996 which later allowed for Pope John Paul II to confirm her heroic virtue and name her as Venerable on 17 December 1996. The miracle for beatification was investigated prior to C.C.S. validation on 5 February 1999; a medical board approved it on 22 November 2001 as did theologians on 30 May 2003 and the C.C.S. on 16 December 2003.
That Aristoxenus used a model for creating scales based upon the notion of a topos, or range of pitch location, is fact, however there is no reason to believe that he alone set this precedent, as he himself does not make this claim. Indeed, the idea of unfixed pitch locations that cover certain ranges, the limits of which may be defined by fixed points, is a notion that was popular until the modern fixation upon fixed pitch systems, as is indicated by Baroque theoretical systems of pitch and intonation. Another way of stating this, however perhaps less accurate, is that instead of using discrete ratios to place intervals, he used continuously variable quantities. The postulation that this resulted in the structuring of his tetrachords and the resulting scales having 'other' qualities of consonanceJohn Chalmers, (1993) Divisions of the Tetrachord, Chapter 3, pp. 17–22.
The centennial commemorating his death prompted the Scalabrinian Superior General Father Luigi Favero and the Scalabrinian Sisters Superior General Lice Maria Signor on 24 June 1996 to send word to their respective orders of their intention to pursue a beatification cause for Marchetti. The Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" edict (no objections to the cause) on 7 December 1999 and titled Marchetti as a Servant of God. The diocesan process was launched in the São Paulo archdiocese on 5 May 2000 and was later closed on 28 November 2001 before the C.C.S. validated the diocesan process on 21 February 2003. The postulation (the officials leading and coordinating the cause) submitted the Positio dossier to the C.C.S. in 2008 for assessment. It first went to six historians on 22 January 2008 with five out of six issuing their approval which enabled the cause to move forward.
Correct knowledge, which destroys avidya, the ignorance that constitutes the psychological and perceptual errors which obscure the true nature of Atman and Brahman, is obtained by following the four stages of samanyasa (self-cultivation), sravana, listening to the teachings of the sages, manana, reflection on the teachings, and svādhyāya, contemplation of the truth "that art Thou". The Advaita Vedānta tradition rejects the dualism of Samkhya purusha (primal consciousness) and prakriti (inert primal matter), By accepting this postulation, various theoretical difficulties arise which Advaita and other Vedānta traditions offer different answers for. A main question is the relation between Atman and Brahman, which is solved by regarding them to be identical. This truth is established from the oldest Principal Upanishads and Brahma Sutras, and is also found in parts of the Bhagavad Gitā and numerous other Hindu texts, and is regarded to be self-evident.
Grave. The beatification process was introduced under Pope Pius XII on 2 July 1944 and the late archbishop became titled as a Servant of God as a result; the informative phase of the process did not open until 1952 and it later concluded in 1962 after documents and witness interrogatories were collected. These were placed in several boxes to be sent to Rome to the Congregation for Rites though the cause remained silent until 8 June 1990 when the Congregation for the Causes of Saints validated the informative phase. The postulation later submitted their Positio dossier to the C.C.S. in 1997 for assessment while it received the approval of theologians on 16 May 1997 and that of the C.C.S. on 11 November 1997. The confirmation of his model life of heroic virtue allowed for Pope John Paul II to title him as Venerable on 18 December 1997.
The beatification process commenced on 9 July 1990 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints - under Pope John Paul II - declared "nihil obstat" (nothing against) to the cause which also granted her the posthumous title of Servant of God. The diocesan process spanned from 1 October 1990 until 15 March 1992 and saw the thorough investigation of her life as well as the visions that she was prone to. Upon the closure of this process all documentation was submitted to Roman officials for investigation on their end; the so-called "Roman Phase" commenced on 2 July 1993 after the diocesan process was cleared of having done its work according to the set criteria. The postulation compiled and submitted the Positio to Rome for further investigation while the large dossier included biographical details as well as attesting to the manner in which she led her life according to Christian values.
The beatification process opened under Pope Benedict XVI on 30 September 2005 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" (nothing against) to the cause and titled Rivi as a Servant of God. The diocesan phase for the cause opened in Modena on 7 January 2006 and concluded a short while later on 24 June 2006 before all documentation was sent to the competent authorities in Rome in boxes where the C.C.S. reviewed them and validated the process on 30 November 2007. The postulation compiled and sent the Positio dossier to the C.C.S. in 2010 which received theological approval on 18 May 2012 and that of the C.C.S. on 8 January 2013. Pope Francis confirmed on 27 March 2013 that Rivi was killed "in odium fidei" (in hatred of the faith) and thus approved for the beatification to take place.
White and colleagues consider it to have been closely related to or the ancestor of the temporally close Australopithecus anamensis, which was the ancestor to Au. afarensis. Before the discovery of Ardipithecus and other pre-Australopithecus hominins, it was assumed that the chimpanzee–human last common ancestor and preceding apes appeared much like modern day chimpanzees, orangutans and gorillas, which would have meant these three changed very little over millions of years. Their discovery led to the postulation that modern great apes, much like humans, evolved several specialized adaptations to their environment (have highly derived morphologies), and their ancestors were comparatively poorly adapted to suspensory behavior or knuckle walking, and did not have such a specialized diet. Also, the origins of bipedality were thought to have occurred due to a switch from a forest to a savanna environment, but the presence of bipedal pre-Australopithecus hominins in woodlands has called this into question, though they inhabited wooded corridors near or between savannas.
The beatification process commenced in an informative process that Cardinal Carlo Minoretti oversaw from 1927 until closing it at a special Mass in 1932 while theologians later approved her writings on 20 November 1940 having deemed them to be in line with the faith. The postulation submitted the Positio dossier to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints in 1979 while their historical consultants approved the cause on 29 April 1980. Theological experts also voiced their assent to the cause on 23 April 1985 as did the C.C.S. members later on 4 June 1985; Pope John Paul II confirmed that Frassinello possessed heroic virtue and so on 6 July 1985 titled her as Venerable. The process for the miracle needed for beatification was investigated where it occurred in and it received C.C.S. validation on 17 January 1986. Medical experts believed this healing to be a miracle on 10 July 1986 as did theologians on 7 November 1986 and the C.C.S. on 23 December 1986.
The beatification process was initiated on two fronts in both Bogota and in Girardot and commenced in a diocesan process that spanned from 10 August 1959 until 12 September 1959 - the beginning of the cause allowed for Variara to be granted the posthumous title Servant of God. The process was declared valid on 21 April 1989 and allowed for the Congregation for the Causes of Saints to initiate their own line of investigation in what was known as the so-called "Roman Phase" of the proceedings. The postulation later compiled the Positio extolling the works and the virtues of the late Salesian priest and submitted it to Rome in 1989 for further investigation. Pope John Paul II approved these findings and recognized that the late priest had in fact lived a model Christian life of heroic virtue; because of this the pope conferred upon Variara the title of Venerable on 2 April 1993.
This assignment necessitates the postulation of undetected electron capture to 290Nh, because it would otherwise be difficult to explain the long half-lives of the daughters of 290Fl to spontaneous fission if they are all even-even. This would suggest that the erstwhile isomeric 289mFl, 285mCn, 281mDs, and 277mHs are thus actually 290Nh (electron capture of 290Fl having been missed, as current detectors are not sensitive to this decay mode), 286Rg, 282Mt, and the spontaneously fissioning 278Bh, creating some of the most neutron-rich superheavy isotopes known to date: this fits well with the systematic trend of increasing half-life as neutrons are added to superheavy nuclei towards the beta-stability line, which this chain would then terminate very close to. The livermorium parent could then be assigned to 294Lv, which would have the highest neutron number (178) of all known nuclei, but all these assignments need further confirmation through experiments aimed at reaching the 2n channel in the 244Pu+48Ca and 248Cm+48Ca reactions.
The beatification process opened under Pope John Paul II on 6 February 1987 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the edict declaring "nihil obstat" (no objections) and titled Ginard as a Servant of God. The diocesan process was held in Madrid with Cardinal Ángel Suquía Goicoechea inaugurating the investigation on 28 April 1987 and later closing on 23 March 1990; the C.C.S. later validated this process on 18 October 1991 and received the Positio dossier from the postulation in 1993 for additional assessment. Theologians assessed and approved the cause on 11 November 2003 as did the cardinal and bishop members of the C.C.S. on 17 February 2004. John Paul II granted the final approval needed for the cause on 19 April 2004 and confirmed that Ginard would soon be beatified after determining that she had died "in odium fidei" (in hatred of the faith) meaning no miracle was required for beatification.
The beatification process was set to commence after she became titled as a Servant of God under Pope John Paul II on 17 July 1997 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints granted the official "nihil obstat" ('nothing against') to the cause, while the diocesan process spanned from 13 December 1997 until 28 April 2000. The C.C.S. validated this process on 22 February 2002 and allowed for the postulation to compile and submit the Positio dossier to officials in Rome in 2004 for further assessment. Theologians met to approve the cause on 20 March 2009 while the cardinal and bishop members of the C.C.S. met and approved the cause in a similar fashion on 8 February 2010. On 27 March 2010 she was titled as Venerable after Pope Benedict XVI confirmed her life of heroic virtue. The process for investigating a miracle spanned from 23 March 2005 until 27 April 2007 and received C.C.S. validation on 14 November 2008.
The beatification process opened in the Basque Country and Pontecorvo dioceses in an informative process that collected documents and witness testimonies right through 1957, before all documents were sealed in boxes and sent to the Congregation for Rites in Bilbao for investigation; the cause remained inactive until 5 October 1984 when the Congregation for the Causes of Saints validated the process. The postulation sent the Positio dossier to the C.C.S. in 1988 while theologians approved its contents on 9 October 1990 as did the C.C.S. themselves on 22 January 1991. On 14 May 1991 he became titled as Venerable after Pope John Paul II confirmed that Santamaria had lived a model life of heroic Christian virtues. One miracle required approval for his beatification and one such Basque case was investigated before it received C.C.S. validation on 20 December 1991; a medical board approved this on 7 October 1993 as did theologians on 4 February 1994 and the C.C.S. on 12 April 1994.
The beatification process opened under Pope John Paul II on 7 February 1990 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" to the cause and titled him as a Servant of God; the diocesan process opened in the Archdiocese of Camagüey under the direction of Archbishop Adolfo Rodríguez-Herrera from March to April 1990; the C.C.S. validated the cause on 1 February 1991. The historians approved the cause on 23 February 1999 before the C.C.S. received the Positio dossier from the postulation in 1999. Theologians approved the cause on 22 November 2005 as did the C.C.S. on 20 June 2006 before Pope Benedict XVI confirmed Olallo's heroic virtue and named him as Venerable on 16 December 2006. The process for a miracle opened in Camagüey under the direction of Archbishop Juan García Rodríguez who oversaw the diocesan process from 9 February to 8 March 2004 prior to the C.C.S. validating the process on 18 June 2004.
The beatification process commenced on 6 March 1981 under Pope John Paul II and Passi became titled as a Servant of God; Cardinal Marco Cé inaugurated the cognitional process in Venice on 10 May 1982 and this process later concluded on 9 November 1983 while the Congregation for the Causes of Saints later validated this process on 10 April 1986. The C.C.S. received the Positio from the postulation in 1996 with historians first assessing and approving the cause on 24 November 1998. Theologians approved this on 8 November 2005 as did the C.C.S. on 15 May 2007; Pope Benedict XVI named the late priest as Venerable on 6 July 2007 after confirming his heroic virtue. The single miracle for beatification was investigated on a diocesan level from 7 April to 31 June 2009 and received C.C.S. validation on 7 May 2010 before medical experts voiced their approval to it on 13 October 2011; theologians followed on 18 February 2012 as did the C.C.S. on 15 May 2012.
The beatification process was to open in the Valencia archdiocese after the forum for the process was transferred there from the Barcelona archdiocese on 18 May 2001; the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" decree (no objections to the cause) and titled Oller and her companions as Servants of God on 26 May 2001. The diocesan process of the investigation lasted from 24 November 2001 until 11 January 2003 at which stage all documents compiled during that period were submitted to the C.C.S. in Rome for further investigation; the C.C.S. declared that process valid in a decree issued on 28 March 2003. The postulation soon after compiled the Positio dossier which would recount their lives and attesting to their killing "in odium fidei" (in hatred of the faith). This was the prerequisite for their beatification: the acknowledgement that the trio were slain in hatred of their Christian faith.
The cause of beatification commenced on 27 June 1770 under Pope Clement XIV and the late priest was declared a Servant of God while an informative process had been held before this from 12 March 1760 until 4 April 1766; this was later subject to validation from the Congregation for the Causes of Saints in Rome on 27 October 1995. The postulation for the cause sent the Positio dossier to the C.C.S. in 2000 and historians cleared it of having no obstacles to it on 7 November 2000; six theologians assented to the cause on 12 November 2011 as did the cardinal and bishop members of the C.C.S. on 19 June 2012. Pope Benedict XVI declared him to have lived a life of heroic virtue on 28 June 2012 and named him Venerable. On 20 December 2012 the pope approved a decree that recognized a miracle attributed to his intercession which would allow for him to be beatified.
The beatification cause commenced in Naples in an informative process - for the collection of documentation and interrogatories - that Cardinal Alessio Ascalesi inaugurated on 29 January 1937 and that Cardinal Marcello Mimmi closed in 1954 while all of her writings received the full approval of a board of theologians who deemed that her spiritual writings were in line with official doctrine. The formal introduction to the cause came under Pope Paul VI on 4 April 1974 in which she was titled as a Servant of God while an apostolic process was later held in April 1977 in Naples under Cardinal Corrado Ursi. The Congregation for the Causes of Saints validated these two processes on 12 July 1991 while receiving the official Positio dossier from the postulation in 1994. Theologians issued their approval to the cause in a meeting on 29 January 2002 while the C.C.S. themselves likewise issued their approval of it on 5 March 2002.
Henry Moseley in his lab. The experimental position improved dramatically after research by Henry Moseley in 1913.Ordering the Elements in the Periodic Table, Royal Chemical Society Moseley, after discussions with Bohr who was at the same lab (and who had used Van den Broek's hypothesis in his Bohr model of the atom), decided to test Van den Broek's and Bohr's hypothesis directly, by seeing if spectral lines emitted from excited atoms fitted the Bohr theory's postulation that the frequency of the spectral lines be proportional to the square of Z. To do this, Moseley measured the wavelengths of the innermost photon transitions (K and L lines) produced by the elements from aluminum (Z = 13) to gold (Z = 79) used as a series of movable anodic targets inside an x-ray tube. The square root of the frequency of these photons increased from one target to the next in an arithmetic progression.
Sister Maria Clara of the Child Jesus The beatification process commenced under Pope John Paul II on 21 August 1995 in Lisbon after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints titled her as a Servant of God and granted the official "nihil obstat" ('nothing against') to the cause — the diocesan process spanned from 18 December 1995 until its closure on 12 November 1997 in which 21 boxes of documentation was sent to Rome. The C.C.S. validated the process on 6 November 1998 and assumed charge of the boxes. The postulation submitted the Positio to the C.C.S. in 2003 at which point the C.C.S. transferred the cause to a board of historians on 4 May 2004 so that the latter could deem there were no historical obstacles to it. The consulting theologians voted in favor of the cause on 1 February 2008 while the C.C.S. followed this decision in a meeting on 7 October 2008.
Tomb. The beatification process opened in Trier on 26 March 1926 and concludes sometime later at an unknown point. The opening of the cause on 26 March 1926 under Pope Pius XI allowed for him to be titled as a Servant of God; historians later approved the direction of the cause on 6 May 1981 while the postulation submitted the Positio dossier to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints in Rome in 1983. Theologians approved the cause on 3 May 1983 as did the C.C.S. on 5 July 1983 which allowed for Pope John Paul II to title Friedhofen as Venerable on 24 September 1983 upon the confirmation of his heroic virtue. A miracle needed for him to be beatified was investigated and then validated by the C.C.S. on 18 February 1983 which led to a medical board approving the miracle on 6 April 1984 and theologians following suit on 17 July 1984; the C.C.S. did so as well on 20 November 1984.
On 26 May 2014 on his way back from the Holy Land to Vatican City, Pope Francis stated that the late pope would not be beatified because the cause has stalled. The pope said that he checked the progress of the cause for the controversial pope and said that there were no miracles attributed to his intercession, which was the main reason that the cause had halted. Father Peter Gumpel stated, on a 12 January 2016 documentary on the late pope, that there was consultation of the Vatican Secret Archives which were carried out in secret; in short it means that there are no controversies surrounding the late pontiff that could impede the potential beatification. In that same documentary, the cause's vice-postulator Marc Lindeijer stated that several miracles attributed to the late pope are reported to the postulation every year but the individuals' related to the healings do not come forward to enact diocesan proceedings of investigation.
The beatification cause opened in Turin in an informative process that Cardinal Maurilio Fossati inaugurated on 31 January 1964 and that Cardinal Anastasio Ballestrero concluded in a solemn Mass he presided over on 18 March 1980. Bonino was named as a Servant of God under Pope Paul VI on 31 January 1964 with the commencement of the process; the Congregation for the Causes of Saints validated the diocesan process on 13 October 1989 and received the Positio from the postulation in 1990. Theologians approved the cause on 5 October 1993 as did the C.C.S. on 14 December 1993; Pope John Paul II confirmed her heroic virtue on 26 March 1994 and named her as Venerable. The miracle needed for beatification was investigated and received validation from the C.C.S. on 26 March 1993 before a medical board issued their approval to it on 26 May 1994; theologians assented to it on 21 October 1994 as did the C.C.S. on 13 December 1994.
The beatification process for the late friar commenced under Pope John Paul II on 25 September 1998 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official edict of "nihil obstat" (nothing against the cause) and titled him as a Servant of God. The investigation commenced in Osorno in a diocesan process that collected testimonies and documents and the C.C.S. later validated this process in Rome on 7 June 2002 after determining the process did all that was required of it. The postulation appointed a relator who would assist in preparing the Positio dossier in an effort to collate all available evidence to attest to the friar's saintliness and this was submitted to the C.C.S. on 29 November 2012. Theologians evaluated the contents of the dossier and issued their approval for the cause on 18 March 2014 while the cardinal and bishop members of the C.C.S. likewise assented to the cause's continuation in their meeting on 4 November 2014.
The Vedānta school built upon the teachings of the Upanishads and Brahma Sutras from the first millennium BCEOliver Leaman (1999), Key Concepts in Eastern Philosophy, Routledge, , page xiv and is the most developed and best-known of the Hindu schools. The epistemology of the Vedantins included, depending on the sub-school, five or six methods as proper and reliable means of gaining any form of knowledge:P Bilimoria (1993), Pramāṇa epistemology: Some recent developments, in Asian philosophy - Volume 7 (Editor: G Floistad), Springer, , pages 137-154 pratyakṣa (perception), anumāṇa (inference), upamāṇa (comparison and analogy), arthāpatti (postulation, derivation from circumstances), anupalabdi (non-perception, negative/cognitive proof) and śabda (word, testimony of past or present reliable experts). All of these have been further categorized by each sub- school of Vedanta in terms of conditionality, completeness, confidence and possibility of error. The emergence of Vedanta school represented a period when a more knowledge-centered understanding began to emerge.
The Gold Medal for Civil Merit he received in 2007 The beatification cause commenced under Pope John Paul II on 12 February 1996 after he was titled a Servant of God after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" to the cause and allowed for it to commence on a diocesan level; Bishop Bassano Staffieri oversaw its opening on 30 March 1996 and its conclusion on 26 May 1998. The C.C.S. validated this process on 28 May 1999 in Rome. The postulation drafted and then submitted the Positio to the C.C.S. in 2003 and it allowed for a board of theologians to approve the cause on 16 October 2007 and for the C.C.S. to do so as well on 3 April 2012. Pope Benedict XVI - on 10 May 2012 - confirmed that Focherini had died "in odium fidei" (in hatred of the faith) and thus approved his beatification.
Tomb. The beatification process opened under Pope Pius XI on 21 March 1934 and the late priest became titled as a Servant of God as a result of this introduction; the informative process opened on 21 March 1934 and later closed after an unspecified duration but later had to receive validation from the competent authorities in Rome for the cause to proceed. The historians approved the cause on 24 February 1987 while the Congregation for the Causes of Saints (CCS) received the Positio from the postulation in 1988. Theologians approved the cause on 15 January 1988 as did the CCS on 18 April 1989; the confirmation of his heroic virtue allowed for Pope John Paul II to name him as Venerable on 13 May 1989. The miracle that led to his beatification was investigated in the diocese of origin and later received C.C.S. validation on 5 December 1987 before a medical board approved it on 24 January 1990.
The initial steps for the beatification of Mother Clelia began in 1988 at the request of the Congregation of the Apostles of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. The opening of the diocesan process took place in Rome on 18 June 1990 after she was titled as a Servant of God on 18 May 1990 when the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the "nihil obstat" decree. The process saw 60 witness testimonies come from Brazil and the United States in addition to from Merloni's native homeland. The diocesan phase ended on 1 April 1998 with the C.C.S. validating the process on 7 August 1999. In 2014 the postulation submitted the Positio - a detailed dossier of 1385 pages on her life and holiness that examined her virtue. In 2015 historical consultants for the C.C.S. had examined the dossier and confirmed her virtue while theologians followed suit on 25 October 2015; the C.C.S. confirmed this too on 13 December 2016.
The beatification process opened under Pope John Paul II on 7 January 1982 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" to the cause and titled the three teenagers as Servants of God. A cognitional process was held in the Diocese of Tlaxcala that Bishop Luis Munive Escobar oversaw; the C.C.S. later validated this process on 8 November 1985 and historians approved the cause on 8 November 1985 after deeming no historical obstacles existed to impede the cause. The postulation sent the Positio dossier to the C.C.S. in 1989 which allowed for theologians to approve its contents on 24 November 1989 and the C.C.S. to do so as well on 6 February 1990. Pope John Paul II – on 3 March 1990 – confirmed that the three teenagers were killed "in odium fidei" (in hatred of the faith) and beatified them on 6 May 1990 on his apostolic visit to Mexico in the capital of Mexico City.
The postulation later submitted the Positio to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints decades later in 1985 which allowed for a team of theologians to approve the cause on 27 November 1990 and for the C.C.S. to follow suit on 9 April 1991. On 14 May 1991 she was proclaimed to be Venerable after Pope John Paul II confirmed that the late religious had led a life of heroic virtue. The miracle needed for her beatification was investigated in a diocesan process in the Italian diocese of its origin and received the validation of the C.C.S. on 4 October 1991 while a medical board met and approved the healing to be a miracle on 1 April 1992; theologians followed on 9 October 1992 and the C.C.S. gave their approval to it as well on 12 January 1993. John Paul II provided the final approval needed on 2 April 1993 and beatified Satellico on 10 October 1993.
The postulation later submitted the Positio to the C.C.S. in 1985 at which point theologians approved the cause on 3 December 1985 as did the cardinal and bishop members of the C.C.S. on 18 March 1986. The confirmation of her model life of heroic virtue on 22 March 1986 allowed for Pope John Paul II to title her as Venerable after the C.C.S. Prefect Cardinal Pietro Palazzini bought the document to the pope for promulgation. The process for a miracle attributed to her opened in Chile where the healing originated in and it was subjected to a diocesan process for investigation from 19 October 1984 until 16 October 1985 while the C.C.S. later validated it on 23 May 1986. The board of medical experts approved this healing to be miraculous on 21 January 1987 while theologians did so as well on 20 February 1987 as did the C.C.S. on 3 March 1987.
The beatification process opened on 23 August 1973 - he became titled as a Servant of God - once the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the "nihil obstat" decree therefore enabling for the cause to open in the Trieste diocese. The cognitional process for the investigation opened in Trieste on 6 May 1974 and later concluded on 6 December 1977 at which stage the evidence collected was sent to the C.C.S. in Rome who later validated the process on 10 October 1990 as having adhered to their rules for conducting sainthood causes. The postulation later compiled and sent the Positio dossier to the C.C.S. in Rome for further investigation at which point theologians assented to the cause on 12 November 1996 as did the C.C.S. on 6 May 1997. Pope John Paul II named Bullesi as Venerable on 7 July 1997 after confirming that he had practiced heroic virtue during his life.
At this point the Congregation for the Causes of Saints - under Pope John Paul II - granted their assent at the continuation of the cause with the declaration of "nihil obstat" (nothing against) on 8 February 1992 thus re-confirming the title Servant of God upon Prosperi. The two processes that had been held before then received formal ratification from Rome on 27 January 1995 and would allow for the Congregation for the Causes of Saints to begin its own line of investigation in what would be the so-called "Roman Phase". The postulation compiled the Positio - documenting biographical details and her use of the virtues - and submitted it to Rome for further evaluation in two parts in 1998 and in 2000. In the interregnum between depositing the Positio a historical commission had to meet to see if there were obstacles to the progression of the cause. After meeting on 26 October 1999 the historians agreed the cause had no impediments and could thus proceed.
The process for Oddi's beatification commenced in Subiaco with a diocesan process that opened in 1933 and spanned until 1937; this process was initiated in order to evaluate Oddi's life and to investigate the extent to which he exercised the virtues and led a life of personal holiness. This process occurred despite the fact that the Congregation of Rites - under Pope Paul VI - did not grant their formal approval to the initiation of the cause until 1 July 1964 - this conferred upon Oddi the posthumous title of Servant of God. Not long after another process opened in 1968 and continued the work of the first process until it closed on 26 May 1972. The postulation then compiled the Positio as a result of previous investigations and drafted the dossier to attest to his cause and also in order to provide biographical details to Rome who would begin their own investigations; this was sent to Rome in 1987.
The cause for Farina's beatification started on 1 June 1990 and was therefore titled as a Servant of God. The diocesan process opened in Vicenza and spanned from 9 October 1990 until being closed on 6 February 1992; the Congregation for the Causes of Saints validated the process in Rome on 23 April 1993 and received the Positio dossier from the postulation in 1999. The historians approved the direction of the cause on 22 February 2000 while theologians voiced their approval for the cause on 12 December 2000 as did the C.C.S. on 20 February 2001 On 24 April 2001 he was proclaimed Venerable after Pope John Paul II approved his life of "heroic virtue". The process for a miracle that led to his beatification spanned from 1985 until 1987 and received validation on 19 January 1996. A medical board approved this on 25 January 2001 as did theologians on 29 May 2001 and the C.C.S. members on 3 July 2001.
The beatification process began under Pope John Paul II on 13 November 1997 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" to the cause and titled him as a Servant of God; Cardinal Carlo Maria Martini oversaw the diocesan process in Milan from 3 April 1998 until 29 May 1999 while the C.C.S. later validated this process in Rome on 7 April 2000. The postulation sent the Positio dossier to the C.C.S. in two parts in 2011 and in 2012 while historians gathered in between that period on 27 September 2011 to deem that no historical obstacles existed. The congress of six theologians voiced their unanimous approval (9 out of 9 votes) to the cause on 15 January 2015 while the cardinal and bishop members of the C.C.S. did the same on 19 January 2016. Migliavacca was titled as Venerable after Pope Francis confirmed his model life of heroic virtue on 21 January 2016.
The beatification process commenced under Pope Paul VI on 13 April 1978 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" (nothing against) to the cause and titled her as a Servant of God while allowing for a cognitional process to take place; that process held in Guadalajara was validation in Rome on 5 May 1983. The postulation later sent the official Positio dossier to the C.C.S. in 1989 and allowed for a board of theologians to voice their assent to the dossier's contents on 26 April 1991; the C.C.S. did so as well in their meeting of 5 November 1991. Orozco was declared to be Venerable on 21 December 1991 after Pope John Paul II issued a decree confirming her life of heroic virtue. The miracle needed for her to be beatified was investigated and later validated on 2 October 1992 while a medical board approved the healing to be a legitimate miracle on 10 October 1996; theologians met and approved it on 10 January 1997 while the C.C.S. followed suit on 8 April 1997.
The supposition that the electric charges of electrons and protons seem to cancel each other exactly to extreme precision is essential for the existence of the macroscopic world as we know it, but this important property of elementary particles is not explained in the Standard Model of particle physics. While the description of strong and weak interactions within the Standard Model is based on gauge symmetries governed by the simple symmetry groups and which allow only discrete charges, the remaining component, the weak hypercharge interaction is described by an abelian symmetry which in principle allows for arbitrary charge assignments.There are however certain constraints on the choice of particle charges from theoretical consistency, in particular anomaly cancellation. The observed charge quantization, namely the postulation that all known elementary particles carry electric charges which are exact multiples of one-third of the "elementary" charge, has led to the idea that hypercharge interactions and possibly the strong and weak interactions might be embedded in one Grand Unified interaction described by a single, larger simple symmetry group containing the Standard Model.
The beatification process commenced in Méndez under Pope John Paul II on 20 October 1986 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints declared "nihil obstat" ('nothing against') to the cause and titled Troncatti as a Servant of God. The diocesan process was inaugurated on 7 September 1986 and concluded its business on 25 October 1987 while on 25 May 1990 the C.C.S. validated the process in Rome. The C.C.S. then received the Positio dossier from the postulation in 1997 and passed in to their consulting theologians on 5 May 2008 for their approval while the C.C.S. themselves later approved the contents of the dossier on 7 October 2008. It all culminated on 12 November 2008 when her heroic virtue was confirmed in a move that allowed for Pope Benedict XVI to declare Troncatti to be Venerable. The process for the investigation of a miracle attributed to her and needed for beatification opened on 21 July 2008 and concluded its work on 12 September 2008 while the C.C.S. validated this process in Rome on 13 February 2009.
Tomb. The beatification proceedings opened in Fiesole and received the approval of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints under Pope John Paul II on 3 November 1988 which granted her the title Servant of God; what followed was a diocesan process that evaluated her life and her works as well as to ascertain how she lived a model life of virtue to a high standard. The process was decreed to be valid on 29 May 1992 and allowed for the postulation to compile and submit the Positio to Rome in 1996; it was at once relegated to the historical commission which met and gave its approval to the cause and its continuation on 26 November 1996. John Paul II declared that Scrilli had indeed lived a model Christian life of heroic virtue on 20 December 2003 and so conferred upon her the title of Venerable. The miracle needed for beatification was investigated on a diocesan level and was validated as being a valid and thorough investigation on 22 May 1998.
The beatification process opened in the Diocese of Opole in a diocesan process that the then-Bishop Alfons Nossol opened on 19 February 1985 and later concluded on 9 September 1997. The Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" on 2 July 1985 and therefore titled her as a Servant of God; the C.C.S. later validated the diocesan process on 27 February 1998 and received the Positio from the postulation in 2000. Historians assessed and approved the cause on 11 December 2001 as did theologians on 12 October 2004 and the C.C.S. on 14 December 2004 while Pope John Paul II confirmed her heroic virtue on 20 December 2004 and named her as Venerable as a result. The miracle needed for beatification was investigated and then ratified on 28 March 2003 before receiving approval from a medical board on 30 June 2005 and theologians on 13 June 2006; the C.C.S. did likewise on 19 December 2006 before turning it over to Pope Benedict XVI who approved it on 1 June 2007.
The beatification process started on 19 June 1980 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" (nothing against) to the cause and titled her as a Servant of God. The cognitional process opened sometime after this in Caracas on 27 November 1983 and upon its conclusion received C.C.S. validation on 15 January 1988 before the postulation compiled and sent the Positio dossier to the C.C.S. in 1996 for assessment. Six theologians approved this on 7 October 2003 as did the C.C.S. members on 3 February 2004 while the confirmation of her heroic virtue on 19 April 2004 allowed for Pope John Paul II to title her as Venerable. The miracle for beatification was investigated in a diocesan tribunal and received C.C.S. validation on 25 February 2000 before seven medical experts approved this healing to be an actual miracle on 24 November 2005; theologians voted likewise on 31 May 2006 as did the C.C.S. on 6 March 2007 while Pope Benedict XVI voiced his definitive and final approval to this on 6 July 2007.
For lack of any historical evidence or attestation outside the Exeter Book's text, historical criticism is limited to study of the Exeter Book itself and, particularly, to comparative study of its various contained works. Though it is generally held that the poem's composition occurred at a date significantly earlier than the date of the Exeter Book's own compilation, the degree of the poem's age relative to the codex is difficult if not impossible to ascertain. The dating of the poem in criticism is thus generally limited to what can be ascertained from the known history of the Exeter Book, for which suggested dates of compilation range from 960CE to 990CE. Though the folios on which the poem is recorded are not subject to any significant damage necessitating reconstruction, its textual problems and, particularly, the grammatical confusion of the first lines of the text, have resulted in widespread postulation that the initial lines of the poem may have been lost prior to its inclusion in the Exeter Book but subsequent to an earlier transcription.
The beatification process opened on 5 April 1975 under Pope Paul VI and she was titled as a Servant of God while the diocesan process was conducted in Vilnius from 22 October 1976 until 8 November 1979; the Congregation for the Causes of Saints validated this process on 25 November 1983 and received the Positio from the postulation in 1989. Theologians approved the Positio on 5 October 1990 as did the C.C.S. on 4 December 1990; Pope John Paul II confirmed her heroic virtue and named her - on 22 January 1991 - as Venerable. The beatification miracle was investigated in the place it originated in and the C.C.S. validated it on 8 May 1987 before a medical board approved it sometime later on 21 March 1991; theologians approved it on 19 April 1991 as did the C.C.S. on 10 May 1991. John Paul II confirmed the miracle as being due to her intercession on 14 May 1991 and beatified Lament while on his apostolic visit to Poland on 5 June 1991.
Canonization Mass held in 2018. The beatification cause opened in Buenos Aires in an informative process that Cardinal Antonio Caggiano opened on 6 September 1966 and later closed in a Mass celebrated on 3 December 1973. Mesa became titled as a Servant of God under Pope Paul VI after the cause was launched on 6 September 1966. The Congregation for the Causes of Saints later validated the diocesan process on 20 February 1987, in Rome and received the official Positio dossier from the postulation in 1987. Theologians provided their assent to the cause on 24 November 1987, as did the members of the C.C.S. on 12 April 1988. Pope John Paul II approved that Mesa had lived a life of heroic virtue and named her as Venerable on 1 September 1988. The miracle needed for beatification was investigated and then validated in Rome on 25 February 1989, while a medical board later met on 3 October 1991, and approved it. Theologians also assented to it on 20 December 1991, as did the C.C.S. on 21 January 1992.
The beatification process for the late religious opened in the Alessandria diocese in an informative process that investigated her life and reputation for holiness from 16 April 1953 until 25 September 1959; the beginning of the cause saw her named a Servant of God. Theologians assessed her writings and on 6 July 1963 signed a decree recognizing that Grillo's spiritual writings contained no doctrinal errors that would otherwise impede the beatification process. The second investigation - an apostolic process - was held from 1974 to 1976 to compile further information on Grillo's life which later allowed for the Congregation for the Causes of Saints on 20 October 1977 to issue a decree validating these processes as having complied with their regulations for conducting causes. The postulation later submitted the official Positio dossier in 1981 which was an accumulation of all documentation and witness interrogatories in relation to Grillo's life and reputation for holiness. Theologians confirmed the cause on 1 April 1985 as did the cardinal and bishop members comprising the C.C.S. on 4 June 1985.
The Mausoleum where her tomb is located The Cardinal Archbishop of Milan Giovanni Colombo promoted the opening of a canonization cause on 6 November 1972 and it took a step forward on 11 April 1978 when Colombo and sixteen other bishops filed a petition to Pope Paul VI asking for him to initiate the cause of canonization. The beatification process was opened under Pope John Paul II on 15 March 1980 and Molla became titled as a Servant of God; Carlo Maria Martini presided over the cognitional process of investigation from 30 June 1980 until 21 March 1986 at which stage all documents were sent to Rome for inspection. The Congregation for the Causes of Saints were convinced the process completed its investigations to an appropriate degree and so issued a decree of validation for the cognitional process on 14 November 1986. The postulation submitted the Positio dossier to the C.C.S. later in 1989 at which stage a team of theologians assessed and approved it on 14 December 1990; the C.C.S. soon followed on 18 June 1991.
The postulation that Allah (the name of God in Islam) historically originates as the moon deity Al-Lat (who was worshipped in pre-Islamic Arabia) originates in early 20th-century scholarship, most prominently advocated by American evangelicals from the 1990s.Judith Mendelsohn Rood, A Response to Richard John Neuhaus, Public Square Comment “Islam and Christianity: Changing the Subject” First Things (February 2008) in Near East Update, retrieved July 10, 2017Danios, My God is Better Than Yours (II): Robert Morey, The Fake Doctor Behind the “Allah is the Moon-God” Theory in Loon Watch, retrieved July 10, 2017 The idea was proposed by archeologist Hugo Winckler in 1901. It was widely propagated in the United States in the 1990s, first via the publication of Robert Morey's pamphlet The Moon-god Allah: In Archeology of the Middle East (1994), eventually followed by his book The Islamic Invasion: Confronting the World's Fastest-Growing Religion (2001). Morey's ideas were popularised by cartoonist and publisher Jack Chick, who drew a fictionalised cartoon story entitled "Allah Had No Son" in 1994.
The beatification process commenced under Pope John Paul II on 28 April 2001 after he became titled as a Servant of God when the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" – or 'nothing against' to the cause – and allowed it to commence on a diocesan level in Caxias do Sul. Bishop Nei Paulo Moretto oversaw the inauguration of the diocesan process on 9 September 2001 and also oversaw its closure on 18 October 2003. The C.C.S. issued the validation to the process on 20 November 2004 and it allowed for the postulation to submit the official Positio dossier to the C.C.S. in 2012. Theologians – all nine of them – voted in favor of the merits of the cause in their meeting of 5 March 2015 while the cardinal and bishop members of the C.C.S. followed this verdict as well in their meeting of 27 October 2015. Schiavo was named as Venerable on 14 December 2015 after Pope Francis confirmed that the late priest had indeed lived a model Christian life of heroic virtue – both cardinal and theological.
In the field of contemporary literature, he has placed particular attention on Spanish poet Miguel Hernández and the literature of the Caribbean, with emphasis on the Dominican Republic. His book Ideología y retórica: Las prosas de guerra de Miguel Hernández is a semiotic approach to the art of propaganda as high art, and offered the first serious study on the use of rhetoric during armed conflicts to convey ideologies. Professor Tracy K. Lewis (CUNY, Oswego) called it “a meditation on the nature of the Word as persuasion … and as such it offers an innovative application of semiotic principles to the problems of propagandistic literature, an impressive mustering of the resources of traditional rhetorical study, references to the most reliable and veritable constellation of modern scholars, and the postulation of a number of new principles, extremely useful, all of them, for analyzing literature in its social context.” “Letras Peninsulares”, v2.1 (Spring 1989) p131-134 He has lectured at universities in the United States, Latin America, and Spain, and has published papers in numerous university journals.
The informative phase for the beatification process spanned in Salamanca from 17 June 1942 until 9 July 1957; all of her spiritual writings received theological approval on 25 October 1961. The formal introduction to the cause came on 22 September 1978 under Pope John Paul I and she became titled as a Servant of God. The informative phase received validation in Rome from the Congregation for the Causes of Saints on 7 October 1982 while later receiving the Positio dossier from the postulation in 1989. Theologians approved this dossier on 12 March 1993 as did the C.C.S. on 22 June 1993; the confirmation of her heroic virtue allowed Pope John Paul II to title her as Venerable on 6 July 1993. The miracle for beatification was investigated in Spain and received C.C.S. validation on 17 December 1983; the medical experts approved it on 22 June 1994 as did theologians on 28 October 1994 and the C.C.S. on 10 January 1995. John Paul II approved this miracle on 6 April 1995 and beatified the late religious on 12 May 1996 in Saint Peter's Square.
The beatification process commenced on 15 December 1977 under Pope Paul VI after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" to the cause and titled the late Russolillo as a Servant of God while transferring the location of the beatification process from Pozzuoli to Naples on 7 July 1978. Cardinal Corrado Ursi oversaw the inauguration of the cognitional process on 18 January 1980 and then its conclusion on 13 May 1985; the C.C.S. validated the process in Rome on 23 January 1986 and then received the Positio dossier from the postulation in 1991. Theologians approved the dossier on 7 February 1997 while the C.C.S. did likewise on 18 December 1997. Pope John Paul II named Russolillo as being Venerable on 18 December 1997 after he confirmed that the late priest lived a life of heroic virtue. The process for a miracle spanned from 16 March 2005 to 14 November 2005 and was validated on 9 March 2007 before receiving the approval of a medical board on 18 June 2009 and that of theologians on 12 December 2009; the C.C.S. followed suit on 1 June 2010.
The beatification process commenced on 17 January 1992 under Pope John Paul II after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" to the cause and titled her as a Servant of God; the diocesan process was held in Campanha from 10 October 1993 until 31 May 1995 while a supplementary process was held throughout 1998. The C.C.S. later validated these two previous processes in Rome on 12 March 1999 and received the Positio from the postulation in 2000. Historians first assessed and approved the cause on 30 October 2001 as did the theologians on 8 June 2010 and the C.C.S. on 11 January 2011. The confirmation of her life of heroic virtue on 14 January 2011 allowed for Pope Benedict XVI to name her as Venerable. The process for the miracle required for her beatification took place in 1998 and received validation from the C.C.S. on 8 October 1999 before a team of medical experts approved it around a decade later on 13 October 2011; theologians also assented to this on 18 February 2012 as did the C.C.S. on 5 June 2012.
The beatification process opened in the Diocese of Rome in a diocesan process that opened in December 1968 and concluded sometime later after having taken all of the available documents and interrogatories – this also included her spiritual journal. On 29 April 1994 she became a Servant of God – under Pope John Paul II – with the formal commencement of the cause following the Congregation for the Causes of Saints granting the "nihil obstat" ('nothing against') to the cause. The second process opened on 18 October 1999 and concluded on 1 June 2001 after which the C.C.S. validated the process on 1 March 2002. The postulation submitted the Positio in 2008 while theologians could not come up with conclusive approval the cause on 10 October 2013 after debating the extent of her mysticism and the depth of her spiritual writings with some aspects still requiring greater investigation; the theologians met again and provided their definitive approval to the cause on 29 November 2016. The C.C.S. approved her cause on 2 May 2017; Pope Francis confirmed her heroic virtue on 4 May 2017 and named her as Venerable.
The beatification process opened in Ragusa in an informative process that Bishop Francesco Pennisi oversaw from its inauguration on 5 March 1956 until its closure later on 28 June 1962; the formal introduction to the cause came on 15 October 1981 in which she became titled as a Servant of God. The Congregation for the Causes of Saints later validated the previous informative process in Rome on 31 May 1991 and received the Positio dossier from postulation officials in 1992. Theologians assented to the cause on 28 April 2000 as did the C.C.S. on 17 October 2000; the confirmation of her life of heroic virtue allowed for Pope John Paul II to name her as Venerable on 18 December 2000. The process for a miracle needed for beatification was investigated in the place of its origin from 12 June 1986 until 9 December 1986 while the C.C.S. later validated the process on 26 March 1993 in Rome. Medical experts approved this healing to be a legitimate miracle on 23 May 2002 as did theologians on 13 December 2002 and the C.C.S. themselves on 4 March 2003.
The process for beatification commenced on 2 September 1991 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" to the cause and therefore titled her as a Servant of God while the diocesan process opened on 4 December 1991 and concluded on 23 October 1994; this process later received full C.C.S. validation on 7 April 1995 while the C.C.S. received the official Positio dossier from the postulation in 1997. the congress of the theologians met on 13 May 2003 and issued their approval to the cause while on 11 November 2003 the C.C.S. itself also voted in favor of the cause; Pope John Paul II proclaimed Almeida to be Venerable on 20 December 2003 after he confirmed that the late religious had indeed lived a model life of heroic virtue. The process for the single miracle needed for her beatification was investigated from 27 July 1998 until its closure on 13 August 1998 while later receiving C.C.S. validation on 19 February 1999. A medical board issued approval for it on 11 March 2004 while theologians also approved it on 7 September 2004 as did the C.C.S. on 9 November 2004.
Marvelli's beatification cause opened under Pope Paul VI on 16 January 1975 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official edict of "nihil obstat" (nothing against the cause) and titled Marvelli as a Servant of God. The conditional process of investigation was held in Rimini from 13 July 1975 until its successful closure on 17 August 1976 while the C.C.S. validated the investigation on 29 May 1981 in Rome. The postulation (officials in charge of the cause) compiled and submitted the Positio dossier to the C.C.S. for their evaluation in 1983 with theologians approving it on 23 October 1985 and the C.C.S. themselves approving it as well on 4 February 1986. Marvelli was declared to be Venerable on 22 March 1986 after Pope John Paul II confirmed that Marvelli had lived a life of model heroic virtue. The miracle for his beatification was investigated in the Bologna archdiocese in a tribunal that Cardinal Giacomo Biffi opened and closed; the C.C.S. validated the investigation in Rome on 23 January 1998 while medical experts approved the healing to be a miracle on 14 November 2002.
It is possible to draw axes through many facets of contractual relations, indicating the likely features of such facets in relations falling at different points along the spectrum. What is particularly distinctive about his approach is his postulation of a number of "norms in a positivist sense", of which 10 common contract norms apply to all contracts: (i) role integrity; (ii) reciprocity (or 'mutuality'); (iii) implementation of planning; (iv) effectuation of consent; (v) flexibility; (vi) contractual solidarity; (vii) the 'linking norms' (restitution, reliance and expectation interests); (viii) the power norm (creation and restraint of power); (ix) propriety of means; and (x) harmonisation with the social matrix. By "norms in a positivist sense" Macneil means that they are norms-in-fact, that is to say that they are observable in operation, to distinguish them from norms in the sense of normative as opposed to positive economics. The extent to which a particular exchange relation is in harmony with the norms is likely to influence the success of the relation in terms of its longevity (where appropriate) and the ability of the parties to gain the full range of benefits that the exchange can potentially offer.
There is no way, we can't know those things...Only God knows..."(25) SOME TESTIMONIES Everyone who was able to read the signs of his behavior during the time of the extreme test of his life understood his Message. The demonstrations of esteem expressed at the moment of his death, which as we said were concretized in an extraordinary wave of affective and religious feelings, went beyond the realm of the Camillian Community and time. We are not going to expound the proof of what Nicolino left to us in writing with our own words, rather we shall use a short selection from what the Testimonies have written for the General Postulation of the Order of St. Camilles. ...MILITIAMAN OF THE IMMACULATE: With these words the review of the Militia of the Immaculate presented him to the readers: "He has reached the third grade of the M.I.: the one of the total donation: to give himself completely to Mary, accepting every suffering with spirit of faith and generosity in order to conform himself to the Mystery of the Passion and Death of Jesus Christ, to the point of martyrdom.
The beatification process opened in an informative process in Turin that Cardinal Maurilio Fossati oversaw from 5 November 1947 until its closure in 1953; theologians determined his spiritual writings were in line with official doctrine and so approved them in a decree issued on 19 February 1956. The formal introduction to the cause came under Pope Paul VI on 11 June 1977 and he was therefore titled as a Servant of God. Cardinal Anastasio Ballestrero oversaw an apostolic process from 1980 to 1981 and the Congregation for the Causes of Saints later validated both processes on 25 June 1982 before receiving the Positio from the postulation in 1985. Theologians approved the cause on 14 October 1986 as did the C.C.S. on 23 December 1986 which allowed for Pope John Paul II to confirm his heroic virtue and name him as Venerable on 3 January 1987. The miracle required for his beatification was investigated and later received C.C.S. validation on 18 July 1986 before a medical board approved it on 7 June 1989; theologians followed suit on 13 October 1989 as did the C.C.S. on 19 December 1989.
The beatification process began in a diocesan process that opened in the Guadalajara archdiocese from 29 June 1984 until its closure on 11 June 1986; the Congregation for the Causes of Saints validated the cause on 15 March 1991 in Rome while receiving the Positio from postulation officials in 1992. The theological experts first approved the cause on 7 January 2000 while the C.C.S. did so as well on 21 March 2000 while the confirmation of her heroic virtue led Pope John Paul II to name her as Venerable on 1 July 2000. The miracle for her beatification - a healing science could not explain - was investigated on a diocesan level and received C.C.S. validation on 11 January 2002 while a panel of medical experts on 13 March 2003; theologians likewise approved this on 17 June 2003 as did the C.C.S. on 11 November 2003. John Paul II approved this miracle on 20 December 2003 and beatified her in Saint Peter's Square on 25 April 2004. The second miracle was investigated and it received C.C.S. validation on 14 May 2010 prior to the approval of a medical board on 15 December 2011; theologians voiced their assent to this on 26 May 2012 as did the C.C.S. on 2 October 2012.
The beatification process commenced in Pasto in an informative process that spanned from 14 March 1951 until its closure in 1952; there were fourteen witnesses all up that were interviewed with eight of those people having known her. Eight members of the faithful were interviewed as were five Bethlemite nuns and one diocesan priest. Her writings received full approval from theologians on 18 April 1955 after it was confirmed her spiritual writings were all in line with official doctrine. The formal introduction to the cause on 5 April 1976 under Pope Paul VI and she became titled as a Servant of God. The Congregation for the Causes of Saints validated the informative process on 3 July 1992 in Rome and later received the Positio from the postulation in 1993. Historians approved the cause's direction on 9 March 1993 while theologians approved the cause on 11 November 1994 as did the C.C.S. on 7 February 1995. Pope John Paul II confirmed that Rosal lived a life of model heroic virtue and thus named her as Venerable on 6 April 1995. The miracle for beatification was investigated and then received C.C.S. validation on 10 June 1994 before a board of medical experts approved it on 11 January 1996.
Lemnos remained relatively free of Greek influence until Hellenistic times, and the Lemnos stele of the 6th century BC was inscribed with a language very similar to Etruscan, which has led to the postulation of a Tyrrhenian language family of Etruscan, Lemnian and Raetic. There is thus evidence that there was indeed at least a linguistic relationship between the Lemnians and the Etruscans. The circumstances of this are disputed; most scholars would ascribe Aegean Tyrrhenians to the Etruscan expansion from the 8th to the 6th centuries, putting the homeland of the Etruscans in Italy and the Alps, particularly because of their relation to the Alpine Rhaetian population. Another hypothesis connecting the Tyrrhenians and the Etruscans posits that the Etruscans derive at least partially from a 12th century BC invasion from the Aegean and Anatolia imposing itself over the Villanovan culture, with some scholars claiming a relationship or at least evidence of close contact between the Anatolian languages and the Etruscan language and adherents of the latter school of thought point to the legend of Lydian origin of the Etruscans referred to by HerodotusHerodotus, Histories, 1.94 and Livy's statement that the Rhaetians were Etruscans driven into the mountains by the invading Gauls.

No results under this filter, show 339 sentences.

Copyright © 2024 RandomSentenceGen.com All rights reserved.