In Greek mythology, Pleuron (Ancient Greek: Πλευρῶνος) was a son of Aetolus and Pronoe, daughter of Phorbus, and brother of Calydon. He was married to Xanthippe, daughter of Dorus, by whom he became the father of Agenor, Sterope, Stratonice, and Laophonte.Pseudo-Apollodorus. Bibliotheca, 1.7.7 Pleuron was said to have founded the town of Pleuron in Aetolia (and apparently was its eponym), but he had also a heroon at Sparta, erected by his great- granddaughter, Queen Leda.Pausanias. iii. 13.
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According to Pausanias, Aetolus' mother was called Asterodia, Chromia, or Hyperippe.Pausanias, 5. 1. § 4 He was married to Pronoe, by whom he had two sons, Pleuron and Calydon. His brothers were Paeon, Epeius, and others.
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In many species the coxa has two lobes where it articulates with the pleuron. The posterior lobe is the meron which is usually the larger part of the coxa. A meron is well developed in Periplaneta, the Isoptera, Neuroptera and Lepidoptera.
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Timandra was one of the daughters of King TyndareusHesiod, Ehoiai fr. 23(a) 7–9 and LedaPseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 3.10.6, daughter of King Thestius of Pleuron, Aetolia. Thus, she was the (half-)sister of the divine twins, Castor and Pollux, Helen, Clytemnestra, Phoebe and Philonoe.
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The pleuron (pl. pleura, from Greek side, rib) is a lateral sclerite of thoracic segment of an insect between the tergum and the sternum. The terms pro-, meso- and metapleuron are used respectively for the pleura of the first, second and third thoracic segments.
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Idas went to his father Poseidon and begged for the use of a winged chariot.Jeanie Lang. A Book of Myths, p. 90-99. After Poseidon consented to his use of the chariot, Idas raped Marpessa and carried her away from a band of dancers and to Pleuron in Aetolia.Baccchylides.
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The four principal regions of an insect body segment are: tergum or dorsal, sternum or ventral and the two pleura or laterals. Hardened plates in the exoskeleton are called sclerites, which are subdivisions of the major regions - tergites, sternites and pleurites, for the respective regions tergum, sternum, and pleuron.
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Each segment is dilineated by an intersegmental suture. Each segment has four basic regions. The dorsal surface is called the tergum (or notum, to distinguish it from the abdominal terga). The two lateral regions are called the pleura (singular: pleuron), and the ventral aspect is called the sternum.
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In Greek mythology, Agenor (; Ancient Greek: Ἀγήνωρ 'heroic, manly') was a son of Pleuron and Xanthippe, and grandson of Aetolus. His siblings were Stratonice, Sterope and Laophonte. Agenor married his cousin Epicaste, the daughter of Calydon, who became by him the mother of Porthaon and Demonice.Pseudo-Apollodorus. Bibliotheca, Book 1.7.
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In Greek mythology, Thyreus (Ancient Greek: Θυρέα means "porter") was Calydonian prince as the son of King Oeneus and Althaea, daughter of King Thestius of Pleuron. He was the brother of Deianeira, Meleager, Toxeus, Clymenus, Periphas, Agelaus and Gorge.Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 1.8.1 In some accounts, he was called as the "horse-taming" PheresHesiod, Ehoiai fr.
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By the time of the Trojan War, Thoas had apparently succeeded his father Andraemon to the Calydonian thrown. The Iliad describes him as ruling Calydon and the nearby city of Pleuron, where, it says, he was "honoured ... even as a god".Hard, p. 419; Parada, s.v. Thoas 2; Smith, s.v. Thoas 1; Homer, Iliad 13.214-216.
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Alexander was the son of Satyrus and Stratocleia, and was a native of Pleuron in Aetolia, although he spent the greater part of his life at Alexandria, where he was reckoned one of the seven tragic poets who constituted the Tragic Pleiad.Suda, s. v.Eudoc. p. 62Pausanias, Description of Greece ii. 22. § 7Scholiast, ad Hom Il. xvi.
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In Greek mythology, Laophonte (Ancient Greek: Λαοφόντη) was the daughter of Pleuron and Xanthippe and thus sister to Agenor, Sterope and Stratonice.Apollodorus. Bibliotheca i. 7. § 7 She was also said to be the mother of Iphiclus, Leda and Althaea by Thestius but Alcman attested that Leda's father was Glaucus.Alcman. Fragment 15 as cited in Scholiast on Apollonius of Rhodes.
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They lived in cabins which were made of a kind of waterproof straw and reed and stood on stilts above sea water. These cabins or stilt-houses have always been called "pelades". Missolonghi was part of Aetolia until the late-1820s when was Aetolia-Acarnania created. North-west of Missolonghi are the remains of Pleuron ('Asfakovouni'), a town mentioned in Homer's works.
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It participated in the Trojan expedition and was destroyed in 234 BC by Demetrius II Aetolicus. The new town, which was built on the remains of old Pleuron, was one of the most important towns in Aitolia. Its monumental fortification comprised thirty towers and seven gates. The remains of the theatre and an enormous water tank with four compartments still exist.
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It is heavily scleratized which provides extra support and acts as an anchor for moving parts. It is also divided into three different sections. The notum is the top most or dorsal area, the sternum is the lower or ventral side, and the pleuron is the sides where the legs are attached. The thorax is also the location of the wings.
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The thorax is the midsection (tagma) of the insect body. It holds the head, legs, wings and abdomen. It is also called mesosoma or cephalothorax in other arthropods. It is formed by the prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax and comprises the scutellum; the cervix, a membrane that separates the head from the thorax; and the pleuron, a lateral sclerite of the thorax.
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Poseidon consented to his use of the chariot, and Idas stole Marpessa away from a band of dancers and fled to Pleuron in Aetolia.Baccchylides. Dithyrambs, 6.1 Her father, after chasing the couple for a long time and realizing he could not catch up to them, killed his horses and then drowned himself in a nearby river Lycormas and became immortal. The river was named later after him.Homer.
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Zabalius aridus showing full leg anatomy, including plantulae under each tarsomere The coxa is the proximal segment and functional base of the leg. It articulates with the pleuron and associated sclerites of its thoracic segment, and in some species it articulates with the edge of the sternite as well. The homologies of the various basal sclerites are open to debate. Some authorities suggest that they derive from an ancestral subcoxa.
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Poseidon consented him the use of the chariot, and Idas abducted Marpessa away from a band of dancers and fled from Pleuron in Aetolia.Baccchylides. Dithyrambs, 6.1 Evenus, after chasing the couple for a long time and realizing he could not catch up to them, killed his horses and then drowned himself in a nearby river Lycormas and became immortal. The river was named later after him.Pausanias. Description of Greece, 4.2.
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The specimens of Aspidopleura baltica were first studied by Gary A.P. Gibson, with his 2009 type description being published in the journal ZooKeys. The generic name wash coined by Gary Gibson as a combination of the supposed Greek words aspido meaning "shield" and pleuro, meaning "side". This is in reference to the shape and overall structure of the acropleuron. The proper words for "shield" and "side" in Greek are however ἀσπίς (aspis) and πλευρόν (pleuron) or πλευρά (pleura).
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According to Greek mythology, Calydon was founded by Aetolus in the land of the Curetes, and was called Calydon, after the name of his son, Calydon. Calydon and the neighbouring town of Pleuron are said by Strabo to have been once the "ornament" of Greece, but by his time (late 1st century BC) had sunk into insignificance. It is frequently mentioned in the Iliad by Homer, who celebrates the fertility of the plain of "lovely" Calydon.Apollod 1.7.
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Diptera thorax: Notopleuron The notopleuron (plural notopleura) is a region on an insect thorax. Notopleura are useful in characterizing species, particularly, though not uniquely, in the Order Diptera (the "true flies"). The notopleuron is a thoracic pleurite (a sclerite on the pleuron) situated at the end of the transverse suture of Diptera. Apart from in the Diptera, visible notopleural structures occur in the beetle suborder Adephaga and in certain Hemiptera, but this list is not exhaustive.
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Ovid briefly mentions a certain Combe of Pleuron, surnamed Ophias ("daughter or descendant of an Ophius"?), who "on fluttering wings escaped the wounds that were being inflicted by [or on?] her sons",Ovid, Metamorphoses, 7. 382 - 383: "...trepidantibus alis // Ophias effugit natorum vulnera Combe." that is, was apparently changed into a bird to escape a danger. Since the myth is otherwise unknown, it remains uncertain whether this Combe is the same character or a different one.
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The dorsal surface is called the tergum (or notum) to distinguish it from the abdominal terga. The two lateral regions are called the pleura (singular: pleuron) and the ventral aspect is called the sternum. In turn, the notum of the prothorax is called the pronotum, the notum for the mesothorax is called the mesonotum and the notum for the metathorax is called the metanotum. Continuing with this logic, the mesopleura and metapleura, as well as the mesosternum and metasternum, are used.
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After mustering his force, Pyrrhus marched south through central Greece and through to the Peloponnese. N. G. L. Hammond speculates that Pyrrhus' army marched down to Pleuron on the Aetolian side of the Gulf of Corinth and crossed from there into the Peloponnese. This suggests that the invasion was facilitated by the Aetolian League, a power confederate in Central Greece, which was hostile to Antigonus. Upon his arrival in the Peloponnese, Pyrrhus was welcomed in Achaia before continuing his march to Megalopolis.
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Insects that use first, indirect, have the muscles attach to the tergum instead of the wings, as the name suggests. As the muscles contract, the thoracic box becomes distorted, transferring the energy to the wing. There are two "bundles" of muscles, those that span parallel to the tergum, the dorsolongitudinals, and those that are attached to the tegum and extend to the sternum, the dorsoventrals. In direct muscle, the connection is directly from the pleuron (thoracic wall) to individual sclerites located at the base of the wing.
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Olenus or Olenos () was a town in the south of ancient Aetolia, between the Achelous River and the Evenus River. It was named after an Olenus, a son of Zeus or Hephaestus, and is mentioned in the Homeric Catalogue of Ships in the Iliad. It was situated near Pleuron, at the foot of Mount Aracynthus; but its exact site is uncertain. It is said to have been destroyed by the Aeolians; and there were only a few traces of it in the time of Strabo.Apollod. 1.8.
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The abdomen is the section behind the metathorax, made up of a series of rings, each with a hole for breathing and respiration, called a spiracle, composing three different segmented sclerites: the tergum, pleura, and the sternum. The tergum in almost all species is membranous, or usually soft and concealed by the wings and elytra when not in flight. The pleura are usually small or hidden in some species, with each pleuron having a single spiracle. The sternum is the most widely visible part of the abdomen, being a more or less sclerotized segment.
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7; In the earliest times the inhabitants of Calydon appear to have been engaged in incessant hostilities with the Curetes, who continued to reside in their ancient capital Pleuron, and who endeavoured to expel the invaders from their country. A vivid account of one of the battles between the Curetes and Calydonians is given in an episode of the Iliad. The heroes of Calydon are among the most celebrated of the heroic age. It was the residence of Oeneus, father of Tydeus and Meleager, and grandfather of Diomedes.
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According to Antoninus Liberalis, Cycnus dwelt in the country between Pleuron and Calydon and dedicated most of his time to hunting. He was good-looking but arrogant and disrespectful towards numerous other youths who became enamoured of him and sought his attention. His attitude eventually made all of those youths desert him; only one of them, Phylius by name, loved him deeply enough to stay by his side nevertheless. Cycnus was still unmoved by Phylius's devotion and challenged him to three impossible tasks, hoping to get rid of him.
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In the same 1836 publication, Eudes-Deslongchamps also named the type species of Poekilopleuron, P. bucklandii. Eudes-Deslongchamps noted similarities with some material of Megalosaurus bucklandii and Poekilopleuron, and chose the species name bucklandii for Poekilopleuron, so that if the two genera were synonymized, only the genus name would be suppressed. The generic name is derived from Greek ποίκιλος, poikilos, "varied", and πλευρών, pleuron, "rib", a reference to the three types of rib present. The specific name, honouring William Buckland, was deliberately identical to that of Megalosaurus bucklandii.
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The Epiriote king mustered an army consisting of 25,000 infantry and 2,000 cavalry as well as 24 war elephants. In 272 BC, Pyrrhus marched his army through Central Greece to the city of Pleuron from where they were ferried across the Gulf of Corinth to the Peloponnese. This suggests that the invasion was supported by the Aetolian League, a powerful confederate in Central Greece which was allied with Pyrrhus and hostile to Antigonus. Antigonus attempted to exploit Pyrrhus' absence from Macedon by launching an invasion to reclaim his kingdom.
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The second axillary sclerite (2Ax) is more variable in form than the first axillary, but its mechanical relations are no less definite. It is obliquely hinged to the outer margin of the body of the first axillary, and the radial vein (R) is always flexibly attached to its anterior end (d). The second axillary presents both a dorsal and a ventral sclerotization in the wing base; its ventral surface rests upon the fulcral wing process of the pleuron. The second axillary, therefore, is the pivotal sclerite of the wing base, and it specifically manipulates the radial vein.
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The following description is of a male specimen. Its face is black except for a brownish tubercle. Its thorax is black except for the yellow scutellum; the postpronotum is yellowish brown; the mesonotum is yellow pilose; the scutellum is yellow except narrowly black on the base; pleuron is gray pollinose; the calypter, plumula and haltere are orange. Its coxae and trochanters are black; its femora are black except becoming brownish to orange on the apical 1/4, and shiny except for the mesofemur, which is sparsely gray on its apical 2/3; tibiae are orange; tarsi are orange.
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In some insects the coxal suture falls in line with the pleural suture, and in such cases the coxa appears to be divided into two parts corresponding to the episternum and epimeron of the pleuron. The coxal suture is absent in many insects. The inflection of the coxal wall bearing the pleural articular surface divides the lateral wall of the basicoxite into a prearticular part and a postarticular part, and the two areas often appear as two marginal lobes on the base of the coxa. The posterior lobe is usually the larger and is termed the meron.
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Leptopleuron is an extinct genus of procolophonid that lived in the dry lands during the late Triassic in Elgin of northern Scotland and was the first to be included in the clade of Procolophonidae. First described by English paleontologist and biologist Sir Richard Owen, Leptopleuron is derived from two Greek bases, leptos for "slender" and pleuron for "rib," describing it as having slender ribs. The fossil is also known by a second name, Telerpeton, which is derived from the Greek bases tele for "far off" and herpeton for "reptile." In Scotland, Leptopleuron was found specifically in the Lossiemouth Sandstone Formation.
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Whereas the claval furrow and jugal fold are probably homologous in different species, the vannal fold varies in position in different taxa. Folding is produced by a muscle arising on the pleuron and inserted into the third axillary sclerite in such a way that, when it contracts, the sclerite pivots about its points of articulation with the posterior notal process and the second axillary sclerite. As a result, the distal arm of the third axillary sclerite rotates upwards and inwards, so that finally its position is completely reversed. The anal veins are articulated with this sclerite in such a way that when it moves they are carried with it and become flexed over the back of the insect.
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Whereas the claval furrow and jugal fold are probably homologous in different species, the vannal fold varies in position in different taxa. Folding is produced by a muscle arising on the pleuron and inserted into the third axillary sclerite in such a waythat, when it contracts, the sclerite pivots about its points of articulation with the posterior notal process and the second axillary sclerite. As a result, the distal arm of the third axillary sclerite rotates upwards and inwards, so that finally its position is completely reversed. The anal veins are articulated with this sclerite in such a way that when it moves they are carried with it and become flexed over the back of the insect.
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In the Apocritan Hymenoptera, the first abdominal segment is fused to the metathorax, where it forms a structure known as the propodeum. Accordingly, in these insects, the functional thorax is composed of four segments, and is therefore typically called the mesosoma to distinguish it from the "thorax" of other insects. Each thoracic segment in an insect is further subdivided into various parts, the most significant of which are the dorsal portion (the notum), the lateral portion (the pleuron; one on each side), and the ventral portion (the sternum). In some insects, each of these parts is composed of one to several independent exoskeletal plates with membrane between them (called sclerites), though in many cases the sclerites are fused to various degrees.
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Its thorax's mesonotum is largely shiny, with a pair of interrupted medial white pollinose vittae; the postalar callus is black; its scutellum is shiny, with dense medial tufts of black pile, with the rest of the disc being black pilose, with a dense ventral fringe of white pile; the pleuron is sparsely white pollinose; halter orange with brown head; calyter white with black margin and fringe; plumula black. Its legs are bluish black except for orange femoral-tibial joints and apices of pro- and mesotibiae. The wings are hyaline and microtrichose except for brown maculae and bare areas. Its abdomen is shiny except sparsely pollinose on the 1st segment and sterna; dorsum black pilose; the venter is white pilose except black on the 5th sternum.
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P. occidentale, on the other hand, is only found along coastal heaths in the southwest of Western Australia and has dramatically different morphological characteristics compared to its two congeners . These features include: (1) sexual organs borne terminally on secondary stems and branching that is predominantly (or exclusively) by subperigonial and subperichaetial innovation (in both P. grandiglobum and P. ovalifolium inflorescences of both sexes occur on lateral branches and lack true innovations); (2) absence of stomata at the capsule base; and (3) very short setae and short-exserted capsules and suggest a longer period of isolation than between its cousins. The name Pleurophascum originates from the Greek word pleuron, meaning lateral, whereas phascon refers to an indeterminate cryptogam, and together they describe the capsules of P. grandiglobum arising from short, lateral branches.
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The eye is bare except for 2 dense fascia of short black pile. The thorax is mainly black; postpronotum orange; mesonotum yellow; postalar callus is orange; scutellum is orange and shiny except medially; pleuron is grayish white; katepisternum is generally pilose with the pile not separated into patches; the ampulla, plumula, calypter and haltere are all orange. The coxae are black; trochanters are orange and shiny; pro- and meso legs orange and shiny, except with black pile intermixed on apical half; the metafemur is swollen, and dark brown except paler orange on its base and apex; protibia is orange on basal third and brown apically, black elsewhere; mesotibia orange; metatibia brown except yellow on base and orange on apex, swollen; protarsus is brownish orange; meso- and metatarsi orange, yellow pilose. The wings' epaulets and basicosta are orange pilose; they are hyaline and bare except brownish and microtrichose on their apical half.
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