"Our industry is an oligopoly to some extent," McDonald said.
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The credit card industry is a classic case of oligopoly.
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"What I see here is an oligopoly," he told executives.
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The oligopoly rules In fact, what we have now in consumer tech, in 2017, is an oligopoly, at least superficially similar to the old industrial-era American corporate groups that once dominated key industries.
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In freer places, upstarts are challenging oligopoly as much as officialdom.
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"Media companies benefited by having an oligopoly of distribution," said Zacks.
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But it's hardly industry-changing, or likely to unseat the oligopoly.
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"It isn't quite the oligopoly that it once was," he said.
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"We have these big five tech companies — the oligopoly," Mossberg said.
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Unsurprisingly, this oligopoly has resulted in record profits for the industry.
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Among the oligopoly only FMC Corp has yet to show its hand.
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And so it goes on, with oligopoly and regulatory capture getting worse.
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It was the leading firm in an oligopoly—a classic Buffett play.
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Whoever corners the market for the Oligopoly game could make a fortune.
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Internet service in the United States today is at best an oligopoly.
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It argues that Big Tech in China is hardly a cosy oligopoly.
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And it's time to break up the Internet's left-wing, information-conduit oligopoly.
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"I'm concerned about the powerful having an oligopoly of the media," he said.
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There's a small number of oligopoly, of what we call money-center banks.
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"The dramatic consolidation has led to … an oligopoly among the major carriers," Gerstner said.
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These disruptions led to brief bursts of competition followed by prolonged periods of oligopoly.
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The LMS oligopoly is nothing if not resilient, historically leaving little space for competition.
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No winners grow or losers die, so there is no tendency toward oligopoly formation.
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They are essentially an oligopoly, and they have the profits to show for it.
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These two mega-mergers would have had cemented oligopoly power in private health insurance.
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Why it matters: Health insurance companies have tightened their oligopoly hold on specialty pharmacies.
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These are generally good business, together an oligopoly produced by 25 years of consolidation.
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Some believe that Google has a shot at making it a three-way oligopoly.
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Visa signed the Roundtable letter championing customers, but is part of a payments oligopoly.
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JC: So replacing one oligopoly with another… KM: So that's not the way to go.
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Ultimately, I don't think even a five-company platform oligopoly is good for consumer tech.
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"We envision a 3-5 player oligopoly with a mix of tech platforms and incumbents."
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And in Venezuela, this oligopoly is dominated by the criminal-minded soldiers and killing agents.
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Eventually, after World War II, the Supreme Court declared that the oligopoly violated antitrust law.
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Profits that heady smack more of an oligopoly than of a cut-throat battle for business.
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It's more like managed oligopoly than it is a truly competitive marketplace as Friedman would like.
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In fact, the market power of the Big Four the tight oligopoly is now on steroids.
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A highly competitive oligopoly of about eight companies that own content, six companies that drive distribution.
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Today, Japan's telco space is a relatively cozy oligopoly dominated by NTT DoCoMo, au-KDDI and SoftBank.
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A lightly edited transcript of the portion of their conversation about rising oligopoly and antitrust legislation follows.
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But the market could go from cut-throat competition to oligopoly to state control with extraordinary speed.
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The telecom space, for instance, is an oligopoly, where three big players generate most of the revenue.
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It's precisely this oligopoly that's the real culprit — everything else including net neutrality is a mere symptom.
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America may not have a dictatorship, but it now, if net neutrality is repealed, will have an oligopoly.
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Philippon estimates that the new era of oligopoly costs the typical American household more than $5,000 a year.
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The 2007 US-EU open-skies agreement was intended to weaken this oligopoly by injecting private-sector competition.
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And while we're on the subject, we should be talking about another related concern: the oligopoly that hinders competition.
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"This space is an oligopoly," said Trip Miller, the founder of Gullane Capital Partners and an investor in Amazon.
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Oligopoly is also more economically relevant than the control of property at the centre of the old Monopoly game.
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The U.S. oligopoly is dominated by Verizon and AT&T, with 33 percent and 34 percent market share, respectively.
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At first, I didn't really care that much because it's a big publishing oligopoly against an e-book monopoly.
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Cobalt is also easier to buy and store than lithium, which remains tightly controlled by a small oligopoly of producers.
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The last remaining stronghold of the pay-TV oligopoly is live programming, especially sports, which traditional networks do very well.
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It's an oligopoly — only three players, principally, around the globe — so the companies can take price, even in weaker markets.
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These four firms constitute what is known as a tight oligopoly, presenting a deeply troubling policy problem for U.S. regulators.
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Ukraine is just one of several ex-Soviet territories struggling to evolve from monopoly through oligopoly to fully open skies.
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Warren Buffett, a man who knows an oligopoly when he sees one, bought nearly $10bn-worth of airline stock in 677.
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Until a year ago AT&T was a rare model of consistency: it sought an oligopoly by buying other pipe firms.
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There were a few cases that Cramer saw were so huge that they basically established an oligopoly within a particular industry.
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The PBM market is an oligopoly: three companies, Express Scripts, CVS Caremark, and Optum Rx, control over 70% of the market.
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One of Warren's biggest legislative victories involved breaking up the hearing aid oligopoly, which required doctor prescriptions for all audiological devices.
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"It's an oligopoly sanctioned by the regulators and 'just don't screw up' is really all that's being asked," he told Reuters.
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Politics is an expensive game, but when an oligopoly is at stake, there's no price tag too high for Big Telecom.
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As a result, antitrust authorities allowed the creation of the world's most powerful oligopoly and the rampant exploitation of user data.
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Wu has written widely on the problem of America's burgeoning oligopoly — or the control of major industries by a handful of companies.
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The cosy oligopoly operated by American, United and Delta, which stifles competition on many routes, allows them to treat customers with disdain.
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Their mother forbade them from fighting, which robbed fans of an epic rivalry—and kept the division trapped in a fraternal oligopoly.
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Even a well-regulated cryptocurrency, though, would be subject to the "network effects" that have led to an oligopoly in social media.
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My colleagues on the news side of The Times had a good exposé yesterday on another example of oligopoly: the music business.
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Today the five companies he cited are the five most valuable publicly traded companies on the planet, and practically a software oligopoly.
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This provides China with more control and influence on forks and direction of development, allowing for the creation of a cryptocurrency oligopoly.
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Macquarie Bank argues that one of the reasons the price is so strong is because the oligopoly is running well below capacity.
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Economists have a name for an industry in which companies cooperate so well that they work almost like a single supplier: oligopoly.
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In most naturally occurring monopoly or oligopoly markets, the scale benefits of production make it uninteresting to have a plethora of players.
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The apartheid-era government obliged with subsidies for favored firms while allowing companies to pursue oligopoly, free of nuisances like antitrust law.
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"To put this in economic terms, the supposed efficiency gains and consequent consumer surplus is entirely captured by the oligopoly," Feld said.
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Haitham is the choice of Oman's merchant family oligopoly, according to WINEP, and so may be able to get things moving faster.
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But this oligopoly has come under pressure in recent years as growth slows and competition from companies from mainland China heats up.
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Rod Culleton, who may win a senate seat for Hanson's One Nation party, is one vocal advocate for an inquiry into the oligopoly.
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The deal essentially made the industrial gas space an oligopoly, taking the number of major players from four down to three, Cramer said.
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Moreover, as Britain grapples with what sort of place it should be after Brexit, the whiff of oligopoly risks turning people against capitalism.
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Ukraine's squabbling elites take little responsibility for their state, uniting only to battle the civil activists and independent institutions that threaten their oligopoly.
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But Trip Miller, the founder of Gullane Capital Partners and an investor in Amazon, told CNBC that space is still essentially an oligopoly.
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In that sense, banks are not different than the gas company or the electric company, connecting you to the grid — a natural oligopoly.
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Today, this diversity, or what political scientists are calling the new oligopoly of state violence, is what undemocratic regimes and failed states prefer.
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DB: We have hospitals in markets, getting larger, become essentially oligopoly or monopoly players, that basically demand prices because there's not real competition.
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Moreover, competition limits incentives for just a few large players in a tight oligopoly to tacitly or even explicitly 'agree' not to compete.
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The rest of the industry's big four, or what the FTC has called a "tight oligopoly," include Grifols of Spain, and Octapharma of Switzerland.
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In markets characterized by a finite number of large firms, an oligopoly exists, and companies act in response to what the dominant firm does.
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"They're focusing on areas which are oligopoly or duopoly, and have high margins, and Sony has high market share in those instances," Goyal said.
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But the result of all this merger activity is a broad push toward oligopoly, meaning industries are dominated by just a few big players.
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The internet, with its increased access to information and ability to get around the corporate media oligopoly, has been a great boon for democracy.
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But I have a bigger question: Why do we have an oligopoly of three major credit-reporting companies who hoard your sensitive personal information?
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And with the tight oligopoly of three bureaus, there isn't much advantage in getting reports right or protecting the data used to create them.
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It appears as though Canada's telecom oligopoly has been up to some serious shenanigans, and starting in September, they'll be made to answer for it.
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The four major wireless carriers (themselves an even more classic oligopoly) occasionally try and offer their own software and services in hopes of becoming platforms.
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Content creators are upending this nascent business by going directly to the consumer without strategy — spraying and praying — essentially establishing a growing oligopoly without margin.
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Worse, those same four firms constitute a tight oligopoly across all four communications markets (video, broadband, wireless and business data services), further entrenching their control.
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"But with the European industry consolidating and the business becoming more of an oligopoly, we need the scale that being a single company would provide."
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"There is a political oligopoly designed with high entry barriers and enforced by restrictive laws that prevent us from having more Kumamotos," Mr. Poiré said.
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Mr. Son's goal: to convince the regulators that AT&T and Verizon were an oligopoly that had a stranglehold on the United States wireless market.
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The report's authors found no evidence of fighting between criminal groups, but larger criminal networks slowly took over smaller opportunistic ones, leading to an oligopoly.
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"An oligopoly has a different power to set prices than a more fragmented market," said Thomas Vorlaufer, fund manager at Deka Investment, Thyssenkrupp's 10th-largest shareholder.
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In doing so, Leicester broke the oligopoly of England's richest football clubs, which had between them won every league title in the previous two decades. 9.
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The "oligopoly nature" of Canada's banking sector has lessened some of the impact on banks' share prices, said Ian Scott, equity analyst at Manulife Asset Management.
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Done right, a national 5G network could save a lot of Americans a lot of money and revive competition in what has become an entrenched oligopoly.
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It should be noted that while a monopoly has unilateral control over a particular market, an oligopoly is when a few companies have that same power.
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We have a highly concentrated oligopoly of banks that someday could become expensive wards of the state once again unless we keep tight oversight of them.
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This oligopoly is not unlike that of internet service providers: a market in which a select few competitors are protected by the state from outside interference.
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For American firms, returns are now 30% higher in their home market, where cosy oligopoly has become more enticing than the hurly-burly of an unruly world.
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The banks insist that wide spreads reflect not a cosy oligopoly but the high risk of default and the difficulty of pursuing debtors through slow, unsympathetic courts.
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Rather, he helped economists understand why some industries might be more concentrated than others—and when oligopoly is a consequence of corporate chicanery rather than market efficiencies.
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"It's a consequence of operating in Australia where you have a oligopoly of four banks, and they are all are getting very good profits," he told Reuters.
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A network of joint-ventures—co-operation deals that allow separate carriers to behave as if they were one—effectively made the market an oligopoly of three.
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In November 2015 voters in Ohio soundly rejected a measure that would have granted a cannabis-cultivation oligopoly to the handful of firms that had backed it.
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In the region, Brazil was the first market to have the banks' oligopoly challenged by neobanks, with Nubank proving that it was possible to break them up.
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The profitless start-ups that were wiped out in the dot-com crash have consolidated into an oligopoly composed of leading survivors such as Google and Apple.
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The league has been criticized for being somewhat of an oligopoly but the big-spending clubs have been held back by their own periods of restructuring and rebuilding.
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ALFRED CHANDLER, AMERICA'S leading business historian, once summed up the history of American business after the civil war as "ten years of competition and 21950 years of oligopoly".
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Without a policy change, he warned, the regulation would soon bankrupt small and mid-sized refiners, creating a Big Oil "oligopoly" that would cause gas prices to skyrocket.
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"We've said in Australia, we will live with the duopoly and we will live with the oligopoly," said Chris Adam, associate dean at the UNSW Australia Business School.
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Managing diabetes has become a huge expense, consuming 20 percent of U.S. health care spending—and profit extraction by an oligopoly of insulin manufacturers is a key reason.
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"It's an oligopoly game, so there's often not much choice, competition or innovation," said Josh Miller, who oversaw the development of digital products in the Obama White House.
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"Abe administration will urgently need to set a scheme to accelerate merger of regional banks with clearer oligopoly issues in order to increase Japan's financial stability," she said.
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The internet, once a decentralized mess of weirdness, is now well on its way to being an oligopoly in which anything that's not Facebook, Google, or Amazon can't compete.
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The NBA has become an oligopoly and, despite an occasional breakthrough by teams like the Royals, baseball remains an arms race, where the majority of teams can't consistently compete.
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From an economist's perspective, the best way to categorize the types of platforms that generate value by being the only game in town are as monopoly or oligopoly markets.
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"The global payments industry really has been ruled by an oligopoly, led by players like JPMorgan and Citi, " Ripple CEO Brad Garlinghouse told CNBC during a phone call Monday.
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European Union rules requiring banks to share their customers' financial data with new entrants - which were designed to stimulate competition - might then end up entrenching an already powerful oligopoly.
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In the 5003s, major publishers started to purchase journals, transforming a once diffuse business into what's been called an oligopoly: a market controlled by a tiny number of producers.
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Merchants who need payment networks lack any real bargaining power and have been stuck paying high rates to the oligopoly — steeper costs that ultimately get passed on to consumers.
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" Trump used this as an opportunity to slam "Big Oil," saying in the fact sheet that RINs give the industry "an oligopoly by destroying the small to mid-size refineries.
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As Mr. Cramton and his co-author, Linda Doyle, wrote in 2017, wholesale open access offers the best hope to break the wireless oligopoly while also using spectrum more efficiently.
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Do you think, as Mr. Leonhardt does, that the United States has an oligopoly problem — a concentration of corporate power that has been building for years and that aggravates inequality?
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After all, it was seeking to disrupt an existing taxi industry that in many cities had become a complacent oligopoly that ripped off consumers with the blessing of local officials.
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In other words, an industry already on a path toward being an oligopoly became even more concentrated, and powerful, as a result of the Federal Reserve's insistence on these deals.
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MORE's (R-Ariz.) project to permanently end these cabotage laws, which are outdated regulations that harm consumers and businesses, except for the few carriers that integrated this merchant marine oligopoly.
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In fact, what we have now in consumer tech, in 2017, is an oligopoly, at least superficially similar to the old industrial-era American corporate groups that once dominated key industries.
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They were targeted "because they are perceived as market leaders who engage in anti-competitive price fixing, creating an oligopoly," said Rachid Aourraz, economist at the Moroccan Institute for Policy Analysis.
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Focused more on profit margins than knowledge creation, a publication from 2015 showed that five academic publishers published over half of all scholarly papers in 2013 in a clear oligopoly market.
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"A return to something resembling the pre-2008 status quo, in which a government-sanctioned oligopoly of conflicted companies assess credit quality risks a repeat of the financial crisis," they wrote.
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On the other hand, despite encroachments from Facebook, Apple and others, the same oligopoly of big banks and Wall Street firms (including those that claim to be tech companies) still dominates.
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In one of its first uses of the new powers, an interim inquiry in March on the mortgage pricing mechanisms of the banks and Macquarie Group found signs of "accommodative oligopoly behaviour".
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But as we've seen in other cities that have shirked Big Telecom to build their own public utility broadband, the traditional oligopoly isn't a fan of the government stepping on their turf.
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It is worth remarking upon the fact that many of the oligopoly industries highlighted in the Center's report are among the most heavily regulated, among them, banking, medicine and hospitals, and airlines.
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Finally, a decade after the financial crisis, there is hope for some competition against what has become the 0.1 percent banking oligopoly in the U.S. Three cheers for the new banking law.
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Express Scripts, CVS Caremark and Optum Rx are, for all intent and purpose, a PBM oligopoly, controlling more than 80 percent of prescription medications dispensed to patients in long-term care facilities.
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"It's dangerous for the regulator to stand back and let quite a lot of independents go bankrupt because there's a risk you form an oligopoly in the provision of research," he said.
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As Skype, WhatsApp, and others become accessible to Saudis again, the country's three domestic telecoms operators — Saudi Telecom Co, Etihad Etisalat, and Zain Saudi — will face more competition and lose their current oligopoly.
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SYDNEY (Reuters) - Australia's government called for more banks to challenge the industry's oligopoly on Friday, after the country's top economic adviser said the "Big Four" lenders' market dominance has been detrimental to customers.
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The excess profits of the health-care firms are equivalent to $200 per American per year, compared with $69 for the telecoms and cable TV industry and $25 captured by the airline oligopoly.
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The United States has an oligopoly problem — a concentration of corporate power that has been building for years but is only now starting to receive serious attention from policymakers, think tanks and journalists.
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This oligopoly poses a real challenge for Tesla, will need about 27,000 tonnes of lithium carbonate a year to reach its sales target of 500,000 vehicles a year by the end of 2018.
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Lawmakers have accused EY, KPMG, Deloitte and PwC of being an "oligopoly" that checks the books of nearly all the 350 leading companies in Britain, with smaller rivals barely having a look in.
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A main obstacle to better infrastructure in Indigenous communities over the next five years, Williams said, will be the large corporate incumbents that have an oligopoly over the cables that criss-cross Canada.
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It is the largest wireless operator in Korea with around 49% share of industry subscribers and the second-largest fixed-line operator after KT Corporation (A/Stable) in the oligopoly Korean telecom market.
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The Equifax breach offers a critical lesson in exactly what information large corporations keep on us, how they exploit and mishandle it, and why the time has come to break up this oligopoly.
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America's airlines have cut costs, slashed debt (mainly through the bankruptcy courts) and squelched rivals, mostly thanks to a string of mergers that turned a free-for-all into something like an oligopoly.
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For once, Zverev is some distance from the spotlight, having been largely written off as a contender to break the Grand Slam oligopoly of Novak Djokovic, Rafa Nadal and Roger Federer in Melbourne.
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The best hope for Jio is that in the distant future it will be one of three firms left and that a cut-throat industry will evolve into a comfy oligopoly, which is possible.
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Policymakers boasted that the steady profits from oligopoly (Australia's "big four" accounted for 70% of banking assets) meant local banks could eschew the sort of risky lending that crippled those in America and Europe.
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"We're in a market that is frankly an oligopoly," Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) Chairman Greg Medcraft told a parliamentary hearing dominated by questions about how to improve policing of the finance sector.
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SYDNEY (Reuters) - After a year of bruising interrogation, Australia's oligopoly banking system has emerged from a government-appointed inquiry with reputations tarnished and some top executives removed - but also an unexpected opportunity to rebuild.
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As part of its recommendations, Zwane said his team also urged Zuma to set up a state bank and called for new banking licences to be issued to end the "oligopoly" in the industry.
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Canada's telecom industry is notoriously moribund, with just three established players making up a kind of oligopoly that account for the vast majority of mobile subscriptions in the country—Rogers, Bell Canada, and Telus.
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Research by the country's top economic adviser has shown the market dominance of the Big Four lenders has been detrimental to customers, prompting the government to call for more banks to challenge the industry's oligopoly.
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Most of the work on this, especially what we and others can learn about and report about, is coming from the giant companies that make up today's tech oligopoly — Apple, Amazon, Facebook, Google, and Microsoft.
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In 2017, Silicon Valley might be a respectable oligopoly of buttoned-up corporations, but for better or for worse, its soul has long drawn from the weird wild outliers that make up the hacker subculture.
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That's partly because Japan's mobile market has functioned essentially as an oligopoly, dominated by NTT DoCoMo, au-KDDI and SoftBank, which currently account for around 45 percent, 31 percent and 24 percent market share, respectively.
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SYDNEY, Aug 3 (Reuters) - Australia's government called for more banks to challenge the industry's oligopoly on Friday, after the country's top economic adviser said the "Big Four" lenders' market dominance has been detrimental to customers.
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Most of the work on this, especially what we and others can learn about and report about, is coming from the giant companies that make up today's tech oligopoly — Apple, Amazon, Facebook, Google and Microsoft.
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"It's an amazing story of how some retailers and farmers managed to break into South Africa's banking oligopoly, where very few had succeeded historically," said Stuart Theobald, chairman of the financial services research firm Intellidex.
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Mossberg warned against growing oligopoly in his final column, while The New York Times' Farhad Manjoo is writing a book called The Frightful Five that considers the growing influence of Apple, Google, Microsoft, Facebook, and Amazon.
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This venture will provide Costco with 100 million chickens, or 40 percent of its yearly chicken needs, allowing it to partially escape the American chicken oligopoly run by the likes of Tyson, Pilgrim's Pride and Perdue.
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The rising price of insulin has created a multibillion-dollar business for the pharmaceutical oligopoly that controls the market — and a deep sense of anger and fear among people who need the drug to stay alive.
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The inevitable downside is that the bill also prohibits states from regulating the "price, route or service of an air carrier," which is why there are no laws protecting consumers from the current oligopoly of airlines.
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It's a brilliant play, since some pain today to the bottom line could potentially knock out or at least diminish one competitor in the market, turning this oligopoly into a duopoly, Rakuten's telco initiative not withstanding.
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This oligopoly, reinforced by geographic separation, technological specialization and product segmentation has made it easy to cooperate and engage in reciprocal reinforcing conduct, rather than compete, allowed their market power to reach an almost unsurpassable degree.
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Smaller firms in an oligopoly will not cut prices because the dominant firm could drop prices in the short-term that would likely drive one or more of the other smaller firms out of the market.
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While McFarlane Toys hasn't chipped away at the oligopoly of the toy industry the way Image did with comics, it has moved more than 100 million blood-drenched, weapon-wielding figures since it hit the scene.
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As a result, an industry that used to be famous for its churn is starting to look like a conventional oligopoly — dominated by a handful of big companies whose perch atop the industry looks increasingly secure.
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One of the reasons why credit card companies continue to charge these exorbitant rates is because the supply side of the equation functions like an oligopoly, where only a few banks have access to underwriting this debt.
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Between the lines: NorthBay's revenue has increased by 50% over the past few years, from $400 million in 2013 to $600 million in 2018, due in large part to its natural monopoly and oligopoly over hospital services.
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MiFID 1, in force since 2007, was aimed at shares, and spawned a proliferation of new trading venues ranging from electronic platforms to "dark pools" run by investment banks, breaking the oligopoly of dozy national stock exchanges.
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"The investigation not only reflects the current oligopoly in DRAM market, but also shows the cost pressures faced by Chinese OEMs due to high DRAM prices," said Avril Wu, senior research director of DRAMeXchange, a Trendforce division.
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Since the three companies are basically an oligopoly, in 2015 the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) stepped in and ruled that these large companies must share new super-high-speed fiber internet with smaller competitors.
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The Times's David Leonhardt wrote an Opinion essay, "Big Business Is Too Big," that begins: My colleagues on the news side of The Times had a good exposé yesterday on another example of oligopoly: the music business.
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The late Vanguard Group founder Jack Bogle said in one of his last warnings in late 2018 that among the biggest issues the index fund giants would face in the future is their oligopoly status and societal influence.
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The other two members of Australia's powerful banking oligopoly controlling about 80 percent of the market - Commonwealth Bank of Australia and Australia and New Zealand Banking Group - have also moved in recent weeks to offer farmers some relief.
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I mean in an era of digital communication here comes the government and says I will only grant out four TV licenses thus creating a technical sort of oligopoly in order to control who gets those media licenses.
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The most profitable investment in living memory by a foreign firm in America was not a gutsy triumph but a passive stake in a domestic oligopoly: Vodafone's 45% share of Verizon Wireless, which it sold for $130bn in 2014.
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SYDNEY (Reuters) - Australia's major banks are an "oligopoly" and must undertake reform to boost confidence in the financial system following a series of scandals that have fueled calls for a sweeping judicial inquiry, the corporate regulator said on Friday.
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"The crushing oligopoly of Google and Facebook leaves so little room for perceived future growth and innovation, that VCs and acquirers no longer value either revenue or tech as upside in the ad space," one observer said to me.
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The gambit by Ralph Dommermuth, the billionaire CEO of both firms, threatens to shake up a cosy oligopoly that has left Europe's largest economy lagging on connectivity just as the United States, China and South Korea forge ahead on 23.8G.
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SYDNEY (Reuters) - Australia's big banks will likely swallow a surprise new A$6.2 billion ($4.56 billion) federal tax, industry and political sources said on Wednesday, given a lack of public support for an oligopoly that has reaped years of record profits.
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If Dommermuth does go for it, he could shake up what many view as a cosy oligopoly that has left Europe's largest economy lagging on connectivity just as the United States, China and South Korea push more aggressively into 5G.
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The US cigarette industry remains in secular decline, typically in a range of 3% to 4% per year in terms of cigarette volumes, but the industry benefits from an oligopoly structure with essentially three players commanding over 90% of volumes.
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Australia has an oligopoly banking system - with ANZ, Commonwealth Bank of Australia, Westpac Banking Corp and National Australia Bank making up the so-called "Big Four" - which collectively dominate property, investment and business lending, giving Australians limited options when seeking credit.
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Nevermind that while American wireless providers have a strong track record on innovation, prices for consumers are high by global standards, and the so-called free market is actually an oligopoly of four major carriers that could soon fall to three.
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"For the next five years we're focused on Latin America, but over a very long-term horizon, we think emerging markets are very interesting — when you look at Nigeria, Indonesia, Vietnam, India, you find the same oligopoly structure," Vélez said.
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Yet here we are in a world where such processes are increasingly constrained not only by economic and technological changes, which reward oligopoly and rent-seeking, but by a hollowing out of the state's regulatory capacity in ways not seen since the medieval era.
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The health insurance industry is very powerful politically because they like the oligopoly and monopoly markets they function in at the state level, and they are willing to spend millions of dollars in campaign contributions to try to defeat interstate competition in health insurance.
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You wrote to me about your uneasiness at the unceasing judgment of Equifax and its partners in oligopoly, Experian and TransUnion, which size you up and score you using algorithms that determine how much you must pay for the most expensive things you buy.
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"The natural obvious buyer (of the SQM stake) are the Chinese ... it does tend to make an industry that is already an oligopoly even stronger to the detriment of potential new entrants," said Chris Berry, an independent energy metals analyst based in New York.
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It could be that global trade and the rise of China have taken a chunk out of small-business growth in the US. The more recent, tech-specific slowdown may have to do with increasing monopoly (or oligopoly) power wielded by industry giants to discourage competitors.
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This new space stack (see illustration) promises a virtuous cycle of innovation, diversity and growth akin to the explosion of datacom startups sparked in the 1980s when the OSI 7-Layer network model similarly disrupted an oligopoly of proprietary networks from IBM, Digital HP and Sun.
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If the ACCC review results in measures to fully close the pricing gap, or one of the four major banks were to self-disrupt the oligopoly, Morgan Stanley estimates their NIMs would likely fall by up to 15 basis points and their earnings by up to 12%.
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FIAT CHRYSLER Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, General Motors Co and Ford escalated a price war in June in one of the few vehicle market segments that offers substantial profits - and one in which the three Detroit automakers enjoy an oligopoly, shielded by heavy tariffs on foreign competition.
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The antitrust system results in the increasing oligopoly that we have, where a few companies dominate major industries, accruing the wealth and power that go with it as potential disrupters are swallowed at birth, the way Cronus, the titan in Greek mythology, ate his young to prevent their uprising.
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This person's made a huge mark in two other countries, and he had entered our country and was saying, 'I'm going to break up the three-party oligopoly that has governed the most important medium of communication for politics and policy in this country since the Second World War.
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Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) , General Motors Co and Ford escalated a price war in June in one of the few vehicle market segments on the planet that offers substantial profits - and one in which the three Detroit automakers enjoy an oligopoly, shielded by heavy tariffs on foreign competition.
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Not the television company that decided to suddenly stop ignoring Barr's racism when it became inconvenient, and certainly not the pharmaceutical company that managed to get a sick social media burn in while reportedly creating an oligopoly with other companies that has allowed it to keep raising the price of insulin medications.
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But the question is: if this is going to be a straight-up oligopoly, which is a couple of big platforms smashing against each other, or if Apple is going to hold position and just say, "We're going to tend to the open ecosystem," that's a perfectly acceptable and perfectly good lane.
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But chief among challenges for early-stage edtech companies and investors is the stronghold of a $2-3 billion LMS oligopoly that has, for more than a decade, indelibly shaped campus-wide technology infrastructure — and, in turn, limited the penetration of new layers of technology that extend or operate in parallel to the LMS.
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In the book, Sanders does have an answer for this question — fixing what he sees as a hopelessly corrupted mainstream media: A principal source of the crisis in American democracy is the oligopoly — a handful of megacorporations — controlling the media ... One of the greatest crises in American society is that the ownership of the media is concentrated in fewer and fewer hands.
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"Small pharmacies can't buy at the volume that the three to four oligopoly PBMs can, so their cost for birth control (and other drugs) is higher than the PBMs', and the PBMs are only reimbursing at a rate that makes money for their partner pharmacies," said Sophia Yen, CEO and co-founder of Pandia Health, who also serves as a clinical associate professor in the Division of Adolescent Medicine at Stanford Medical School.
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