Political mapmakers and campaigners have discouraged the grey areas into nonexistence.
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Silence is erasure, dismissal, and invisibility—in short, it equals nonexistence.
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But despite its nonexistence in honest conversation, "empowerment" goes on thriving.
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The AHCA weakens these protections almost to the point of nonexistence.
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Do you feel obligated to respond to arguments about God's existence or nonexistence?
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Bad or nonexistence credit For banks, a solid credit history is non-negotiable.
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" He wrote: "A good case can be made for our nonexistence as entities. . . .
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It is, to be precise, Rosencrantz who theorizes about the nonexistence of England.
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To embrace this movie fully means to accept the case for its nonexistence.
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Tryborgs rely on the nonexistence of actual cyborgs for their bread and butter.
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But if yours is evolving towards nonexistence, just know that you're definitely not alone.
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On one hand, our communication was at the peak of nonexistence at this time.
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"DOJ has decided to advocate actively for the undermining or nonexistence of rights," she said.
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Was his transition from the "hotel of nonexistence" to a life of evil thuggery too rapid?
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That would be the embarrassing fact (or, as she would have it, nonexistence) of her celebrity.
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Either new fighting will erupt or, without sufficient oversight, the cease-fire will erode into nonexistence.
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The Department of Justice said it does not confirm or deny the existence or nonexistence of investigations.
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We are thrown into existence, we live for a while, and then we pass away into nonexistence.
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It is no longer a choice between violence and nonviolence in this world; it's nonviolence or nonexistence.
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The Department of Justice would not comment on the existence or nonexistence of this investigation to The Verge.
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Miles (Brandon Micheal Hall) is a stubborn atheist who hosts a podcast in which he debates God's nonexistence.
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The scene is part memory, part dream, assembled from the rudiments of identity just this side of nonexistence.
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It expanded bigger and bigger, and I knew that when it reached me, I would be absorbed into nonexistence.
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As the follow-up to his near-universally adored Mulholland Drive, it's had a virtual nonexistence since its release.
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The Justice Department said it "does not confirm, deny, or otherwise comment, on the existence or nonexistence of investigations."
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The island's Medicaid program has been consistently on the brink of nonexistence and relying on short-term funding extensions.
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The presence of the Black head actually distinguishes them: Without its sharp contrast, the other shapes would fade into nonexistence.
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The inspector general's office says its policy is to not comment on the existence or the nonexistence of an investigation.
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" Matthew Anthony of Perfect Driver agrees: "If Beatport went away, it would push Perfect Driver to the brink of nonexistence.
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Su nuevo título, Recollections of My Nonexistence, unas memorias sobre sus encuentros juveniles con el silencio y la violencia, aparecerá próximamente.
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Often music functions as a travelogue, conjuring pretty vistas reassuring in their respite from daily life and breathtaking in their nonexistence.
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For nonbinary youth like Davi, that means nothing less than a shift from nonexistence to existence in the eyes of the law.
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The "Nonexistence" of her title refers to her instinct as a young woman to disappear, her sense that her appearance was dangerous.
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While intelligence officials do not normally discuss the existence or nonexistence of surveillance warrants, no law prevents Mr. Comey from issuing the statement.
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Its nonexistence should be very troubling for a prosecutor, and for any of us who take the time to think what it may mean.
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"It's hearing what somebody has to say in the position of suddenly being exiled from social life, and sentenced to a nonexistence," she said.
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Next, they put out a retro jersey with a "heritage logo" that "draws on our rich history of nonexistence," Francis said with a chuckle.
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For beauty "gurus"—especially those better recognized when heaped more heavily in makeup, like James Charles—makeup is minimal to the point of seeming nonexistence.
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At a time when women were tweezing their eyebrow hairs into nonexistence, her impeccable technique changed the way women — and Hollywood — thought about their brows.
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Because hope is something that lies in the future, I couldn't possibly use my conviction in its nonexistence as evidence to refute his belief in it.
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And more importantly, as he flies through the air, he is caught between life and death, suspended in the void of nonexistence—the ultimate Kleinean motif.
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The police maintained that even disclosing the existence or nonexistence of any such records — let alone publicly releasing any that existed — would provide too much information.
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But Building 513 was reorganized into nonexistence just two years later — with its only lasting contribution to Facebook's product lineup being the video-chat device Portal.
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The disclosure of the existence or nonexistence of other responsive records "would cause harm to national security" and is therefore exempted under the law, the motion said.
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The horrific loss of life and the apparent cruelty — or inattention — of fate seemed like proof, if not of the nonexistence of God, then of his withdrawal.
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Thus her grand pronouncements about the nonexistence of "Perfect Places" and belonging to the "Loveless Generation" have a gauche immediacy to them; she's caught up in the action.
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Like the many (many) reality TV stars who came after her, the line between Richie's public and private persona quickly blurred into nonexistence after the show took off.
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A spokeswoman for the office of the inspector general said it was policy not to comment on the existence or nonexistence of any whistle-blower complaints or investigations.
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Jesus told her to find a man named Youngin, a fictional creation whose nonexistence ruled my childhood, the never-ending search for him inspiring many cross-state moves.
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After five years of weekly testosterone injections, the canal (I can't stand calling it a vagina, much less referring to it as "my") had atrophied to near nonexistence.
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Jesus told her to find a man named Youngin, a fictional creation whose nonexistence ruled my childhood, the never-ending search for him inspiring many cross-state moves.
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In his interview with Vox, Sanders argued that open borders as a policy proposal implies the nonexistence of the United States, but perhaps this shouldn't scare us away from the idea.
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Under the pretext that if unions do not give up their hard-won rights jobs will go to Asia, many unions have been stripped to the bone or forced into nonexistence.
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In September, he published a deferential translation of Anne Carson's "Antigonick" — a project that began almost as a whim, but also as a corrective to her virtual nonexistence in France — for L'Arche.
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That is, after all, what true contemplation must be about: a commerce with the irreality of things, a learned habit to see them from the privileged perspective of their pre- and nonexistence.
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It knows the special existential terror of trying to pray without being sure that God is listening, in a world where the nonexistence of God seems just as plausible as the alternative.
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The moment that Mitchell "blunder[s] upon the truth"—or what he believes to be the truth—about the nonexistence of Gould's book is one of the most dramatic moments in literary journalism.
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This "inability to imagine our own nonexistence means that an ultimate understanding of our own mortality will forever elude us," Shermer argues, and so we strive to subvert that mortality however we can.
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The playwright Mr. Bock makes good on the presumptuous promise of his title, with a comprehensive micro-macro look at one middle-aged gay man's existence, in which even nonexistence becomes a coup de théâtre.
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There's an integrated remote control below the right earbud that may look like it'd be a bother, but it doesn't weigh much at all and also fades into nonexistence once I get the headphones into place.
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It was definitely a sparker, but the internet and the shared feelings of invisibility, isolation, and nonexistence, and a hunger for the opposite, played a huge role in the formation of this fierce and needed community.
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Or, more realistically, you can think of life as an interruption of an eternity of personal nonexistence, and seize it as a brief opportunity to observe and interact with the living, ever-surprising world around us.
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"Recollections of My Nonexistence" is an un-self-centered book that often reverses the figure-ground relationship, portraying the emergence of a writer and her voice from a particular cultural moment and set of fortuitous influences.
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But on January 210th, Bumstead's entire business dwindled into nonexistence as his listings were removed from the platform due to a new policy limiting all but the largest companies and specially authorized providers from selling Apple products.
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"Accordingly, the FBI cannot confirm or deny the existence of any such records about your subject as the mere acknowledgment of such records existence or nonexistence would in and of itself trigger foreseeable harm to agency interests."
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Returning to the question of the tapes' existence or nonexistence, though, the Secret Service did confirm to the Wall Street Journal on Monday that it had no audio or transcripts of any tapes of Trump White House conversations.
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Even though he admits that anything is better than the practical nonexistence of no-frills bars and gastropubs that came before, Gersten fears that members of the conservative old guard could just be replicating the South Beach mentality on a smaller scale.
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The fields had been grazed into near nonexistence for decades, so to revive them, he oversowed with a local seed containing yellow rattle, a semiparasitic plant that over eight years weakened the grass, allowing wild geraniums, wild oregano and bedstraw to flourish.
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That nonexistence is, of course, an indictment of the G.O.P., but politically it's vastly preferable to the deeply unpopular legislation that the Republicans might otherwise be pursuing, if they were to reattempt Obamacare repeal or pursue some other item from the zombie-Reaganite playbook.
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Letts, for the record, has already explored this much-tilled territory in his Pulitzer-shortlisted "Man From Nebraska," seen here in 2017 (and, like "Linda Vista," a Second Stage presentation.) That, though, was a lyrical and oblique work that heard the abyss of nonexistence roaring within long silences.
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Her books and writing cover a vast amount of human existence, but a common thread in her work — and a focus of her upcoming memoir, Recollections of My Nonexistence — is what it means to be voiceless, ignored, and treated as an unreliable witness to the events of your own life.
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Indonesia's Komodo Island considered closing because people keep stealing the lizards; Greece's Santorini posted signs asking visiting Instagrammers to stop trespassing on scenic rooftops; selfie-takers ruined fields of tulips in the Netherlands as well as California's poppy super bloom; and Peru instituted timed tickets to Machu Picchu to stop the archaeological site from being trampled into nonexistence.
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Were I in the market for a true Billie Holiday concert experience, I would be disappointed—the drummer has an earring, a dancer does the robot during "Ain't Misbehavin'," a bearded man wearing Adidas sneakers brings Lady Day her mic stand—the fact that I am on Hollywood Boulevard, however, means my standards have lowered to nonexistence.
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"I'm not going to comment on the existence or nonexistence of any other ongoing investigations," Director James Comey told the House Oversight Committee when asked whether the FBI had looked into the foundation as part of its probe into Hillary ClintonHillary Diane Rodham ClintonLewandowski on potential NH Senate run: If I run, 'I'm going to win' Fighter pilot vs.
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RECOLLECTIONS OF MY NONEXISTENCE By Rebecca Solnit At dinner one evening in 2008, Rebecca Solnit joked to a friend about writing an essay called "Men Explain Things to Me." The friend, who was staying with Solnit "in flight from an awful soon-to-be ex," told her that such an essay was definitely worth writing — younger women needed it.
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Respected Supreme Leader Kim Jong-un, as the totalitarian leader is addressed in his native North Korea, is primarily known for two things: gross human-rights violations (ordering the torture and execution of anyone who opposes his regime, even his own uncle; operating detention camps; restricting personal liberties to the point of nonexistence; otherwise exercising absolute and barbarous control over a country of more than 25 million people) and ever-growing threats of nuclear war.
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In an interesting interview with Alternet, MIT linguist and famous critic of the US political mainstream Noam Chomsky offers some thoughts on the rise of Donald Trump, which he attributes to "the breakdown of society during the neoliberal period" and, even more than that, to the nonexistence of any kind of robust radical social movement that could give people a sense of hope: Williams: What are your opinions on the surprising progress of Donald Trump?
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In its strong form, the denial of the existence of an argument for the existence of an independent universe may be justified in principle in an empirical manner. Whether the nonexistence of a proof means the nonexistence of the entity is a transcendental choice.
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Weak agnosticism is the belief that the existence or nonexistence of deities is unknown but not necessarily unknowable.
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" In a narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there are no deities, although it can be defined as a lack of belief in the existence of any deities, rather than a positive belief in the nonexistence of any deities.Rowe 1998: "As commonly understood, atheism is the position that affirms the nonexistence of God. So an atheist is someone who disbelieves in God, whereas a theist is someone who believes in God. Another meaning of 'atheism' is simply nonbelief in the existence of God, rather than positive belief in the nonexistence of God.
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All of these procedures do not seem to cause the nonexistence of the person or, for that matter, the nonexistence of any living organism. Therefore, mereological essentialism cannot be universally true (Plantinga 1975). This argument may fail if the mereological essentialist believes in presentism, that the present is the only relevantly true world. This view is a response to the problem of Qualitative Change.
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In August 2019, the council offered to give 1 million euros to any person who could provide "incontrovertible evidence" of its nonexistence in an effort to increase interest in the city.
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The Arambha-vada theory of causation is advocated by the Nyaya School, which is the creationistic view of causation and implies new creation as the effect that puts an end to its antecedent nonexistence and marks a new beginning. According to this school the effect, being the counter- entity of its prior nonexistence, must be held to be nonexistent before its appearance as an effect although it arose out of a previously existent cause. This theory is the reverse of Parinama-vada.
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Arithmetic fake projective spaces and arithmetic fake Grassmannians, Amer.J.Math. 131(2009), 379-407; with Sai-Kee Yeung. [23]. Nonexistence of arithmetic fake compact hermitian symmetric spaces of type other than A_n, n<5, J.Math.Soc.
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All notions of "I" and "other" are transcended, along with conceptions of "inherent existence" and "inherent nonexistence." These sixth-level bodhisattvas abide in contemplation of suchness, with minds that are undisturbed by false ideas.
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The former town of Choctaw Corner slowly declined into nonexistence and was later enveloped within Thomasville's city limits. It is now remembered primarily by Thomasville's city cemetery on its western border, called Choctaw Corner Cemetery.
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Collapse models posit the existence of natural processes which periodically localize the wave-function. Such theories provide an explanation to the nonexistence of superpositions of macroscopic objects, at the cost of abandoning unitarity and exact energy conservation.
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" Here he finds a place for God as well: "God is nothing, nonexistence itself."" (Shafarevich, p116) There was a further revival of interest in his work after 1974, and his collected works were finally published in 1993.
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Solipsism is a form of logical minimalism. Many people are intuitively unconvinced of the nonexistence of the external world from the basic arguments of solipsism, but a solid proof of its existence is not available at present. The central assertion of solipsism rests on the nonexistence of such a proof, and strong solipsism (as opposed to weak solipsism) asserts that no such proof can be made. In this sense, solipsism is logically related to agnosticism in religion: the distinction between believing you do not know, and believing you could not have known.
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Frontier justice is extrajudicial punishment that is motivated by the nonexistence of law and order or dissatisfaction with justice. The phrase can also be used to describe a prejudiced judge. Lynching and gunfighting are considered forms of frontier justice.
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This Yogacara conception of emptiness, which states that there is something that exists (mainly, vijñapti, mental construction), and that it is empty, can be seen in the following statement of Vasubandhu: > Thus, when something is absent [in a receptacle], then one, seeing that > [receptacle] as devoid of that thing, perceives that [receptacle] as it is, > and recognises that [receptacle], which is left over, as it is, namely as > something truly existing there. This tendency can also be seen in Asaṅga, who argues in his Bodhisattvabhūmi that there must be something that exists which is described as empty: > Emptiness is logical when one thing is devoid of another because of that > [other's] absence and because of the presence of the empty thing itself. Asaṅga also states: > The nonexistence of duality is indeed the existence of nonexistence; this is > the definition of emptiness. It is neither existence, nor nonexistence, > neither different nor identical.
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Part five goes into topics such as the nonexistence of evil, two kinds of torment, the justice and mercy of God, the punishment of criminals, strikes, reality, pre-existence, reincarnation, pantheism ('Unity of Existence'), four kinds of comprehension, and ethics.
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These included the nonexistence of a British Communist party in 1912 (it was founded in 1920) and the nonexistence of a British Communist author named Israel Cohen. Although a British Jewish author and Zionist named Israel Cohen did exist in that period, he had no affiliation with Communism nor is there any record of him writing such a work. A Racial Program does not exist either in the Library of Congress or in the British Museum Catalogue of Printed Books. Eustace Mullins also invented the fabricated speech Our Race Will Rule Undisputed Over The World under the alias of 'Israel Cohen'.
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Depth measurements via echo sounding by the research ship Polar Queen showed water depths between 170 and 355 meters at the islands' purported location. Subsequent visits to the area by the GANOVEX VII and GANOVEX VIII expeditions confirmed the nonexistence of the islands.
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Things conventional exist and are ultimately nonexistent to rest in the middle way in both causal existence and nonexistence as casual emptiness within the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā doctrine. Although seeming strange to Westerners, this is seen as an attack on a reified view of causality.
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Verlag-Nummer 850. Translation: Ernst Mally, "Object Theory and Mathematics", in: Jacquette, D., Alexius Meinong, The Shepherd of Non-Being (Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer, 2015), pp. 396–404, esp. 397.Dale Jacquette, Meinongian Logic: The Semantics of Existence and Nonexistence, Walter de Gruyter, 1996, p. 16.
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It is well known that the only sutra that Nāgārjuna explicitly cites in his Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (Chapter 15.7) is the "Advice to Kātyāyana", stating that "according to the Instructions to Katyayana, both existence and nonexistence are criticized by the Blessed One who opposed being and non-being."Walser, Joseph, Nagarjuna in Context: Mahayana Buddhism and Early Indian Culture, Columbia University Press, 2005, p. 185. This appears to have been a Sanskrit version of the Kaccānagotta Sutta (Saṃyutta Nikāya ii.16-17). The Kaccānagotta Sutta itself says: > This world, Kaccana, for the most part depends on a duality–upon the notion > of existence and the notion of nonexistence.
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American Psychologist, Vol 64(6), Sep 2009, 515-526. doi: 10.1037/a0016755 and others as a way of resolving contentious issues in fringe science, such as the existence or nonexistence of extrasensory perception.Wagenmakers, E.-J., Wetzels, R., Borsboom, D., & van der Maas, H. L. J. (2010).
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Gultari valley is strategically important for Pakistan. But the area has been neglected by the government. Its population is around 10,000 . but, due to nonexistence of hospitals, schools and other basic needs of life, majority of people have migrated to cities like Skardu, Gilgit, Pindi or Karachi.
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Motahhari defined freedom as nonexistence of obstacles. According to him, obstacles were of two characters. The first one was that obstacle could limit human and besides counted as a something get human not to do something. In simple word, obstacle could has the dignity of limiting and declining humans.
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Sylvan dwellers cut timber and light wood and made charcoal. Agriculturally, there were some citrus orchards and viticulture, but large traditional farms were nonexistence. Families cultivated vegetable gardens to supplement their high protein diet consisting primarily of seafood, fowl, and game. After 1900, there was a marked decrease in charcoal making.
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However, after Spitz confirms Jeannie's death (thus John's nonexistence), they murder Spitz. The officials are actually working for a surviving cyborg clone of Charles Braddock. However, Spitz did realize shortly after Jeanette’s death that Marjorie is the one that would eventually give birth to John, thus ensuring the future rebellion.
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These relations set strong limitations for the nonexistence of common eigenstates for incompatible observables. The Maccone–Pati uncertainty relations have been experimentally tested for qutrit systems. The new uncertainty relations not only capture the incompatibility of observables but also of quantities that are physically measurable (as variances can be measured in the experiment).
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The Franco-era Falange supported the development of cooperatives such as the Mondragon Corporation because it bolstered the Francoist claim of the nonexistence of social classes in Spain during his rule.Sharryn Kasmir. The Myth of Mondragón: Cooperatives, Politics, and Working-class Life in a Basque Town. State University of New York, 1996.
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The earliest surviving authoritative text on classical Samkhya philosophy is the Samkhyakarika (c. 350–450 CE) of Iśvarakṛṣṇa. The Samkhyakarika is silent on the issue of Isvara's existence or nonexistence, although first millennium commentators such as Gaudapada understand the text as compatible with some concept of God. However, the Samkhya Sutra (14th c.
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If the Berman–Hartmanis conjecture is true, an immediate consequence would be the nonexistence of sparse NP-complete languages, namely languages in which the number of yes-instances of length n grows only polynomially as a function of n. The known NP-complete languages have a number of yes-instances that grows exponentially, and if L is a language with exponentially many yes-instances then it cannot be p-isomorphic to a sparse language, because its yes-instances would have to be mapped to strings that are more than polynomially long in order for the mapping to be one-to-one. The nonexistence of sparse NP-complete languages in turn implies that P ≠ NP, because if P = NP then every nontrivial language in P (including some sparse ones, such as the language of binary strings all of whose bits are zero) would be NP-complete. In 1982, Steve Mahaney published his proof that the nonexistence of sparse NP-complete languages (with NP-completeness defined in the standard way using many-one reductions) is in fact equivalent to the statement that P ≠ NP; this is Mahaney's theorem.
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Dan Barker suggests that this can lead to a "Free will Argument for the Nonexistence of God"The Free will Argument for the Nonexistence of God by Dan Barker, Freedom From Religion Foundation on the grounds that God's omniscience is incompatible with God having free will and that if God does not have free will God is not a personal being. Theists generally agree that God is a personal being and that God is omniscient,see e.g. Richard Swinburne Does God Exist? of The Catechism of the Catholic Church but there is some disagreement about whether "omniscient" means: # "knows everything that God chooses to know and that is logically possible to know"; Or instead the slightly stronger: # "knows everything that is logically possible to know"see e.g.
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This idea of the nonexistence of the magnetic monopoles originated in 1269 by Petrus Peregrinus de Maricourt. His work heavily influenced William Gilbert, whose 1600 work De Magnete spread the idea further. In the early 1800s Michael Faraday reintroduced this law, and it subsequently made its way into James Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic field equations.
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Bradley concluded that at least one creature compatible with Mussie's description lived in the lake, though he did not investigate the creatures further. Scientists have also surveyed the area and found nothing, though the definitive nonexistence of a Mussie-like creature is difficult to establish because some of the trenches in Muskrat Lake extend to over 60 metres.
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Luhman 16 does not contain any close-in giant planets. Observations with the Hubble Space Telescope in 2014–2016 confirmed the nonexistence of any additional brown dwarfs in the system. It additionally ruled out any Neptune mass () objects with an orbital period of one to two years. This makes the existence of the previously found exoplanet candidate highly unlikely.
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What is at issue is the existence or nonexistence of the Jewish people. We must crush the machinations of the new Hitler at the outset, when it is still possible to crush them and survive. ... Neither the world nor the Jews believed in the sincerity of Hitler's declarations. ... Nasser's fundamental strategy is the same as Hitler.
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Jack protests, but Alex points out that it is too late for him to protest, as he had already tacticly given his approval to torture. Claire convinces Alex to stop, but Alex kicks Noah out of the resort. When his cries suddenly end, they assume he has also disappeared. Alex says the impending threat of nonexistence invalidates morality.
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We cannot argue about something that cannot be expressed as a proposition. We can only argue about something that can be analytically or empirically verified. For Ayer, metaphysical statements, such as statements about transcendent reality, have no objective validity, and therefore are meaningless. Examples of this lack of meaning include statements about the existence or nonexistence of God.
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Although their energy situation have not been improved much over the past decades, current international aids are playing an important role in reducing the gap between developing and developed countries associated with the use of modern energy. With the international aids, it will take less time to reduce the gap when comparing to nonexistence of international cooperation.
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Much like moral anti- realism, epistemic anti-realism asserts the nonexistence of facts about certain normative facts, but in the domain of epistemology rather than that in ethics. Thus, the two are now sometimes grouped together as "metanormative anti-realism". Prominent defenders of epistemic anti-realism include Hartry Field, Simon Blackburn, Matthew Chrisman, and Allan Gibbard, among others.
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Robert Van Voorst has written "Contemporary New Testament scholars have typically viewed (Christ myth) arguments as so weak or bizarre that they relegate them to footnotes, or often ignore them completely [...] The theory of Jesus' nonexistence is now effectively dead as a scholarly question." Paul L. Maier, former Professor of Ancient History at Western Michigan University and current professor emeritus in the Department of History there has stated "Anyone who uses the argument that Jesus never existed is simply flaunting his ignorance." Among notable scholars who have directly addressed the Christ myth are Bart Ehrman, Maurice Casey and Philip Jenkins. In 2000 Van Voorst gave an overview of proponents of the "Nonexistence Hypothesis" and their arguments, presenting eight arguments against this hypothesis as put forward by Wells and his predecessors.
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The nonexistence of a Room square for n = 5 and its existence for n = 7 can both be explained in terms of configurations in projective geometry. Despite retiring in 1968, Room remained active mathematically for several more years, and published the book Miniquaternion geometry: An introduction to the study of projective planes in 1971 with his student Philip B. Kirkpatrick.
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It was conjectured by Polish mathematician Kazimierz Szymiczek to be impossible and was later proven by Fang and Chen in 2007.Chen, Fang: Triangular numbers in geometric progressionFang: Nonexistence of a geometric progression that contains four triangular numbers Formulas involving expressing an integer as the sum of triangular numbers are connected to theta functions, in particular the Ramanujan theta function.
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A cross product for 7-dimensional vectors can be obtained in the same way by using the octonions instead of the quaternions. The nonexistence of nontrivial vector- valued cross products of two vectors in other dimensions is related to the result from Hurwitz's theorem that the only normed division algebras are the ones with dimension 1, 2, 4, and 8.
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The Lanczos tensor always exists in four dimensionsF. Bampi and G. Caviglia, "Third-order tensor potentials for the Riemann and Weyl tensors", General Relativity and Gravitation, 15 (1983) pp. 375–386. but does not generalize to higher dimensions.S. B. Edgar, "Nonexistence of the Lanczos potential for the Riemann tensor in higher dimensions", General Relativity and Gravitation, 26 (1994) pp. 329–332.
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" Mathures Paul of The Statesman gave the film 3.5 stars and commented, "Dabangg aligns itself with viewers frustrated by the nonexistence of uncomplicated heroism on screen." In a 3-star review for Rediff.com, Abhishek Mande stated "Dabangg is not a movie for non-Salman fans. But for those who worship him it's a film you simply cannot afford to miss.
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No dweller has identification paper over there. ‘Existence’ or ‘nonexistence’ is the one and only question. Its destiny may as well be the victim of its name's definition in Kurdish language, which means ‘non-existent’. Tinne, a village abandoned to its own destiny in the middle of Mesopotamia, in the Southeast of Turkey, has been intentionally or unintentionally ‘forgotten’ by the government for years.
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New prepositions are formed with nouns: lpn "in front of", from l- "to" and pn "face". There is a special preposited marker of a definite object (//?), which, unlike Hebrew, is clearly distinct from the preposition (//). The most common negative marker is (//), negating verbs but sometimes also nouns; another one is (//), expressing both nonexistence and the negation of verbs. Negative commands or prohibitions are expressed with (//).
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Williams shows that, if algorithm A exists, and a family of circuits simulating NEXPTIME in P/poly also existed, then algorithm A could be composed with the circuits to simulate NEXPTIME problems nondeterministically in a smaller amount of time, violating the time hierarchy theorem. Therefore, the existence of algorithm A proves the nonexistence of the family of circuits and the separation of these two complexity classes.
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Since ammonia is a stronger ligand in the spectrochemical series than water, metal ammine complexes are stabilized relative to the corresponding aquo complexes. For similar reasons, metal ammine complexes are less strongly oxidizing than are the corresponding aquo complexes. The latter property is illustrated by the stability of [Co(NH3)6]3+ in aqueous solution and the nonexistence of [Co(H2O)6]3+ (which would oxidize water).
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In the past decade, discussions of blanquitud (whiteness) and the nonexistence of so-called "reverse racism" have become more common. There are a number of cases of "rejection" of white foreigners, yet it is downplayed because they are seen as representatives of countries Mexico has had a colonial and military history with. White people, especially tourists, regularly experience overcharging, or what is known as the white tax.
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Turán also showed that a somewhat weaker assumption, the nonexistence of zeros with real part greater than 1+N−1/2+ε for large N in the finite Dirichlet series above, would also imply the Riemann hypothesis, but showed that for all sufficiently large N these series have zeros with real part greater than . Therefore, Turán's result is vacuously true and cannot help prove the Riemann hypothesis.
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While having no argument with the Lemaître theory (later confirmed by Edwin Hubble's observations) that the universe was expanding, Hoyle disagreed on its interpretation. He found the idea that the universe had a beginning to be pseudoscience, resembling arguments for a creator, "for it's an irrational process, and can't be described in scientific terms" (see Kalam cosmological argument).Quentin Smith, A Big Bang Cosmological Argument For God's Nonexistence. Faith and Philosophy.
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Tahtawi uses Roman civilization as an example for what could become of Islamic civilizations. At one point all Romans are united under one Caesar but split into East and West. After splitting, the two nations see “all its wars ended in defeat, and it retreated from a perfect existence to nonexistence.” Tahtawi understands that if Egypt is unable to remain united, it could fall prey to outside invaders.
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Tahtawi uses Roman civilization as an example for what could become of Islamic civilizations. At one point all Romans are united under one Caesar but split into East and West. After splitting, the two nations see “all its wars ended in defeat, and it retreated from a perfect existence to nonexistence.” Tahtawi understands that if Egypt is unable to remain united, it could fall prey to outside invaders.
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At the end of the Second World War, Tranmere Rovers were expecting Sloan to return to them. However, his wartime guest appearances had attracted the interest of several clubs including his former club Manchester United and Arsenal. Sloan eventually left Tranmere and in May 1946 to sign for the Gunners without much ado. This was so given the nonexistence of the rivalry between the two clubs at the time.
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Guth proposed inflation in January 1981 to explain the nonexistence of magnetic monopoles;SLAC seminar, "10−35 seconds after the Big Bang", 23 January 1980. see Guth (1997), pg 186 it was Guth who coined the term "inflation".Chapter 17 of Peebles (1993). At the same time, Starobinsky argued that quantum corrections to gravity would replace the initial singularity of the Universe with an exponentially expanding de Sitter phase.
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On 25 June 2015 "Polonia Warsaw Co." under the leadership of Jerzy Engel took over the senior team from the MKS Polonia Warsaw Academy, which helped to reinstate Polonia Warsaw back from nonexistence, to the bottom-half of the 4th tier (third league) of professional football in Poland. Under "Engel's Co." the club returned to the emblem, and the sponsor from the Polish Title winning season (1999/2000).
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This can be used in combination with nouns to state the nonexistence of a noun. The third subcategory is the stative possessive, /ohpa/. This verb can be used to express “to have” or “to hold”, and can describe both temporary and permanent states . The fourth subcategory is locative and position verbs. This includes the verb /digi/ ‘be standing’, /bede/ or /duo/ ‘to stay’, and /peya/ ‘to be on top of’.
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Even before the votes were cast, Durano's opponent, Dean Severo Dosado, was quoted as having said he did not think he was going to win. He and the other candidate, Wilfredo Tuadles, did not field any poll watchers. The low turnout (48.56%) was blamed on the non-inclusion of areas outside the district in the special holiday for the election. Another factor was the nonexistence of campaign materials from the candidates.
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On 5 May, Discovery and Chatham sailed from Valparaiso, planning to reunite at St. Helena should weather separate them. The onset of Southern Hemisphere's winter and the badly worn condition of the ships made further survey of the Chilean coast impractical and passage for Cape Horn hazardous. Nonetheless, Vancouver spent much time searching for the island of Isla Grande, previously reported at 46.40.S, and confirmed its nonexistence.
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Workplace relationships are unique interpersonal relationships with important implications for the individuals in those relationships, and the organizations in which the relationships exist and develop. Workplace relationships directly affect a worker's ability and drive to succeed. These connections are multifaceted, can exist in and out of the organization, and be both positive and negative. One such detriment lies in the nonexistence of workplace relationships, which can lead to feelings of loneliness and social isolation.
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Parmenides argued that all change is a logical impossibility. He gives the example that nothing can go from nonexistence to existence. Plato argues that the world is an imperfect replica of an idea that a divine craftsman once held. He also believed that the only way to truly know something was through reason and logic not the study of the object itself, but that changeable matter is a viable course of study.
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The nonexistence of a women's national football team is a perennial issue between FIFA and the Saudi Arabia Football Federation. FIFA changed their rules in 2012 to allow players to wear a hijab during FIFA sanctioned matches, but Saudi authorities declined to comment. However, in 2018 the Saudi Arabia's Football Federation (SAFF) hired two women as members of its board which is considered a new step towards forming a national women team in Saudi Arabia.
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Imaginal worlds, William Chiittick (1994), pg.53 In his book Fasus –al-Hikam, Ibn-e-Arabi states that "wujūd is the unknowable and inaccessible ground of everything that exists. God alone is true wujūd, while all things dwell in nonexistence, so also wujūd alone is nondelimited (muṭlaq), while everything else is constrained, confined, and constricted. Wujūd is the absolute, infinite, nondelimited reality of God, while all others remain relative, finite, and delimited".
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This "existence of nonexistence" definition of emptiness can also be seen in Asaṅga's Abhidharmasamuccaya where he states that emptiness is "the non- existence of the self, and the existence of the no-self." In the sixth century, scholarly debates between Yogacarins and Madhyamikas centered on the status and reality of the paratantra-svabhāva (the "dependent nature"), with Madhyamika's like Bhāvaviveka criticizing the views of Yogacarins like Dharmapāla of Nalanda as reifying dependent origination.
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However, even fixation upon the thought of > nonexistence is naturally liberated in the first instant that one's own > nature is nakedly revealed without mental analysis. This is the key point > clearly defining the original ground of liberation. In whatever way > compassion engages with objects, do not try to stop this pursuit or hold > this within. With awareness placed precisely upon its own source, unimpeded > cognition is without the distinctions of outer, inner, and between.
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His first poems were written on "civil topics". In 1889, he began work on the book With the Light of Conscience, employing a deliberately pompous tone to present its theory of "meonism" (me on being Greek for "nonexistent"). The objective of the work is to show that the main purpose of humanity is "nonexistence itself". In 1900, Dmitri Merezhkovsky, Minsky, Zinaida Gippius, Vasily Rozanov, and others founded the Religious-Philosophical Society in Saint Petersburg.
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1 – 32, 1971 the nonexistence of Suslin lines. Ronald Jensen proved that CH does not imply the existence of a Suslin line.Devlin, K., and H. Johnsbraten, The Souslin Problem, Lecture Notes on Mathematics 405, Springer, 1974 Existence of Kurepa trees is independent of ZFC, assuming consistency of an inaccessible cardinal.Silver, J., The independence of Kurepa's conjecture and two-cardinal conjectures in model theory, in Axiomatic Set Theory, Proc. Symp, in Pure Mathematics (13) pp.
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In response to its inherent assumptions, the Bruun Rule has been widely criticised. Some of the rule's most criticised assumptions include the nonexistence of gradients in longshore sediment transport, the existence of a depth of closure, a closed sediment budget, and the availability of sufficient sand sources. In 2015, Andersen et al. labelled the Bruun Rule as " on its own...virtually unusable in open-ocean coastal environments" due to its assumptions of physical environmental setting.
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Non-racialism became the official state policy of South Africa after April 1994, and it is enshrined in Chapter One of the Constitution of South Africa. The term has been criticized as vague, and carrying different meanings even among people sharing the same ideological tradition. The earliest use of the term was by Karl Polanyi in the 1930s. Neville Alexander follows Robert Sobukwe in defining non-racialism as the acknowledgement of the nonexistence of race as a scientific fact.
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Hyo Chan Cho, the author of hyper-reality shock, explained that the meaning of gold spoon, which is common in Korea's society, "is related to Jean Baudrillard's simulacrum". He suggested that the gold spoon is included in a simulacrum that doesn't have an origin. Issues of gold spoon celebrities and commercials which made those people idealize changed nonexistence as existence. Regardless of the pros and cons of a gold spoon, it became an important image of their life.
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The commercial cleaning industry is extremely competitive and employees tend to be at the lower end of the pay scale. However, unionized workers may earn higher wages. Many commercial cleaning companies provide on- the-job training for all new employees due to the nonexistence of tertiary based courses for the cleaning industry. A trend in the cleaning industry is the elimination of the usage of more hazardous chemicals such as drain cleaners due to liability and environmental concerns.
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Clement Wing Hong Lam () is a Canadian mathematician, specializing in combinatorics. He is famous for the computer proof, with Larry Thiel and S. Swiercz, of the nonexistence of a finite projective plane of order 10. Lam earned his PhD in 1974 under Herbert Ryser at Caltech with thesis Rational G-Circulants Satisfying the Matrix Equation A^2=d I+\lambda J. He is a professor at Concordia University in Montreal. In 2006 he received the Euler medal.
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47 Captain James Cook, in 1772, had been unable to find it and had assumed its nonexistence. It had not been seen again until 1808, when the British sealing captains James Lindsay and Thomas Hopper reached it and recorded its correct position, though they were unable to land.McGonigal, p. 135 Morrell, by his own account, found the island without difficulty—with "improbable ease", in the words of historian William Mills— before landing and hunting seals there.
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Therefore, J\cap N(J) is at most half the width of J. Therefore, if there is some root of F in J, the iterative procedure of replacing J by J\cap IN(J) will converge to this root. If, on the other hand, there is no root of F in J, this iterative procedure will eventually produce an empty interval, a witness to the nonexistence of roots. See interval Newton method for higher dimensional analogues of this approach.
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Since our supposition led to a contradiction, there must not be any such function, f. The nonexistence of a set containing itself can be seen as a special case where the sequence is infinite and constant. Notice that this argument only applies to functions f that can be represented as sets as opposed to undefinable classes. The hereditarily finite sets, Vω, satisfy the axiom of regularity (and all other axioms of ZFC except the axiom of infinity).
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O.-controlled warehouse. Eventually, the warehouse was retaken through legal means, and the C.O. dwindled into apparent nonexistence, though rumors of their presence in the political underground persisted. The cooperative movement dwindled throughout the '80s, and by 1993 the Seward Cafe was one of only five worker-run cooperative businesses in the Twin Cities. (The total number of cooperative businesses was larger, around 20 or so, but the majority had more hierarchical management structures and were not worker-run).
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Italy is regarded to have one of the most disastrous economies in the EU but has been recovering at a moderate since 2013. Italian productivity also lags behind most Westernised countries while employees are working more hours than most but producing less since the 1990s. The IMF report discovered that Italy's poor performance was due to excessive regulation and a lack of R&D; spending. The nonexistence of a stable governing body in Italy hampers Italy's ability at a significant recovery.
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After their 3–0 victory, the Dallas Tornado were crowned the NASL's professional hoc-soc champions. Despite pre-tournament predictions, the score lines were not overly high (in fact, there were only 12 goals in the four games, or three per contest; in the 1971 NASL "outdoor" season, there were 292 goals scored in 89 games, or 3.28 per match). Pundits attributed this to the players' instinctive reluctance to play in offside positions, despite the nonexistence of such a rule in hoc-soc.
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The nonexistence of an asymptotically optimal algorithm is called speedup. Blum's speedup theorem shows that there exist artificially constructed problems with speedup. However, it is an open problem whether many of the most well-known algorithms today are asymptotically optimal or not. For example, there is an O(nα(n)) algorithm for finding minimum spanning trees, where α(n) is the very slowly growing inverse of the Ackermann function, but the best known lower bound is the trivial Ω(n).
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St. Paul's Reformed Church is a historic former Evangelical and Reformed Church congregation near the village of Navarre in Stark County, Ohio, United States. Established in the 1830s, it remained in existence into the 1990s, and while it has since withered away into nonexistence, its early twentieth- century church building survives and has been named a historic site. A German Reformed church was active in Bethlehem Township by the 1810s,Perrin, W.H., ed. History of Stark County: With an Outline Sketch of Ohio.
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Thus, trained capacity in speech-making and the theory about such speech- making exists because of legal exigencies. The Stasis Doctrine, proposed by Hermagoras, is an approach to systematically analyze legal cases, which many scholars include in their treatises of rhetoric, most famously in Cicero's "De Inventione."Jakes Jasinski, "Stasis," Sourcebook on Rhetoric (2001). Encyclopedia author James Jasinski describes this doctrine as taxonomy to classify relevant questions in a debate and the existence or nonexistence of a fact in law.
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The existence of the soul is discussed by John Horgan and Paul Bloom. John Horgan discusses the possibility that the soul does not exist, while Paul Bloom further expands by discussing how the implication of the soul's nonexistence can have serious consequences. Another topic many entries were based on is human behavior. J. Craig Venter discussed the genetic base of how humans act; Jerry Coyne also wrote on the idea that people are predisposed to act in certain ways because of genetics.
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It antedates dualistic divisions into knower and known, existence and nonexistence, subject and object, knowledge and ignorance. Dnyaneshwar highlights the limitations of the traditional epistemological methods (pramanas) used in Indian philosophy. He points out that any perception is validated only by another deeper understanding, while in establishing the rationality of reason, reason itself is transcended. Dnyaneshwar even cautions against reliance on scriptural testimony, which is accepted as a valid source of knowledge by philosophers of Vedanta and Mīmāṃsā schools of philosophy.
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It does include "languages" for which there is no evidence or which cannot be found. (In some cases, however, the evidence for nonexistence is a survey among the current population of the area, which would not identify extinct languages such as Ware below.) SIL codes are upper case; ISO codes are lower case. Once retired, ISO 639-3 codes are not reused. SIL codes that were retired prior to 2006 may have been re-used or may have reappeared as ISO codes for other languages.
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The manager Knud Wendelboe stated in his 1723 report that Moss Jernverk was hampered by the lack of water. This was partially caused by the nonexistence of a dam that could collect flood water from the lake Vansjø and partly by the other users of water from the falls (mills and sawmills) using more than their assigned share of the available water. If the water supply to run the blast furnace belches stopped, the oven would quickly stop and huge losses would occur.Moss Jernverk, p.
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The paradox of analysis (or Langford–Moore paradox)Dale Jacquette, Meinongian Logic: The Semantics of Existence and Nonexistence, Walter de Gruyter, 1996, p. 265. is a paradox that concerns how an analysis can be both correct and informative. The problem was formulated by philosopher G. E. Moore in his book Principia Ethica, and first named by C. H. Langford in his article "The Notion of Analysis in Moore's Philosophy" (in The Philosophy of G. E. Moore, edited by Paul Arthur Schilpp, Northwestern University, 1942, pp. 319–342).
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The second release The Encounter I: Bound for Nonexistence was released worldwide on 21 December 2012 and departed from the project's soft sound, incorporating screamo vocals for the first time and featuring a full band. Despite having performed as an acoustic group in the past with various session musicians, the band ceased live performances starting from 2012. The Encounter deals with the psychological trauma of alien abduction. The album's lyrical content was examined by panel guests at MUFON Conference of whom the concept was inspired by.
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Cabezón, José Ignacio; Lobsang Dargyay, Freedom from Extremes Gorampa's "Distinguishing the Views" and the Polemics of Emptiness (Part of Studies in Indian and Tibetan Buddhism), p. 46-48. For Gorampa, emptiness is not just the absence of inherent existence, but it is the absence of the four extremes in all phenomena i.e. existence, nonexistence, both and neither (see: catuskoti).Cabezón, José Ignacio; Lobsang Dargyay, Freedom from Extremes Gorampa's "Distinguishing the Views" and the Polemics of Emptiness (Part of Studies in Indian and Tibetan Buddhism), p. 50.
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Russell's Paradox has shown that naive set theory, based on an unrestricted comprehension scheme, is contradictory. Note that there is a similarity between the construction of T and the set in Russell's paradox. Therefore, depending on how we modify the axiom scheme of comprehension in order to avoid Russell's paradox, arguments such as the non-existence of a set of all sets may or may not remain valid. Analogues of the diagonal argument are widely used in mathematics to prove the existence or nonexistence of certain objects.
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His early work on nonexistent objects was influenced by Alexius Meinong.William J. Rapaport, "Non-Existent Objects and Epistemological Ontology", Grazer Philosophische Studien, 25(1), 1986, 61–95.Dale Jacquette, Meinongian Logic: The Semantics of Existence and Nonexistence, Walter de Gruyter, 1996, p. 12. Rapaport has clearly explained the field of intentionality, and his papers on the subject have influenced leading scientists and writers such as Daniel Dennett, Héctor-Neri Castañeda (his doctoral advisor)Academic Family Tree of Hector-Neri Castañeda and John Searle (with whom he disagrees).
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Korvac returns for her and Hank Pym offers to return Carina to Korvac, but she refuses to go with him, choosing nonexistence over him (even though she is apparently immortal, as is her father). A battle commences pitting Korvac against all current Avengers teams. He is weakened by them and then attacked by adult versions of the Academy's students.Avengers Academy #11 After a brutal battle, Veil phases into his body, which temporarily paralyzes Korvac, and Hazmat then completely annihilates Korvac with a projected blast of anti-matter.
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The Only Possible Argument in Support of a Demonstration of the Existence of God () is a book by Immanuel Kant, published in 1763, in the earlier period of his philosophy which he later saw as "dogmatic slumber". In it, Kant questions both the ontological argument for God (as proposed by Saint Anselm) and the argument from design. Kant argues that the internal possibility of all things presupposes some existence: > Accordingly, there must be something whose nonexistence would cancel all > internal possibility whatsoever. This is a necessary thing.
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Some theorists have argued that it is not the idea of death and nonexistence that is unsettling to people, but the fact that uncertainty is involved. For example, these researchers posited that people defend themselves by altering their fear responses from uncertainty to an enthusiasm approach. Other researchers argue for distinguishing fear of death from fear of dying and, therein, posit that ultimately the fear of death has more to do with some other fear (e.g., fear of pain) or reflects fear of the unknown.
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This is evident due to the virtual nonexistence of HIV transmission through oral-to-oral contact. This antiviral activity is due to the interference of SLPI in events that are mediated by protease, such as entry into the host cell and replication of viral genetic material. Studies have shown that decreasing levels of SLPI in saliva also decreases its anti-HIV activity. What makes SLPI such a topic of interest is that it exhibits anti-HIV properties in physiological conditions, rather than artificial ones.
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"...numbers answer the question How many? for the set of objects ... zero is the number property of the empty set ... If the elements of each set are marked off in groups of two ... then the number of that set is an even number." These ideas can be illustrated by drawing objects in pairs. It is difficult to depict zero groups of two, or to emphasize the nonexistence of a leftover object, so it helps to draw other groupings and to compare them with zero.
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"Einstein, Albert (1999). The World as I See It. Secaucus, NJ: Citadel Press, p. 5. Einstein was averse to the Abrahamic conception of Heaven and Hell, particularly as it pertained to a system of everlasting reward and punishment. In a 1915 letter to the Swiss physicist Edgar Meyer, Einstein wrote, "I see only with deep regret that God punishes so many of His children for their numerous stupidities, for which only He Himself can be held responsible; in my opinion, only His nonexistence could excuse Him.
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At the climax of the story, Tch'muchgar attempts to leave his prison but is shoved out of the dimension and into nonexistence by the Arm of Moriator. Chet reveals that he was actually working for Tch'muchgar, who had realized that he would never escape his prison and was looking for a way to end his miserable life. He also taunts that he was lying about being able to help Chris, because vampirism is incurable. Chet gleefully points out to Chris that he is now doomed.
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Agnostic atheism is a philosophical position that encompasses both atheism and agnosticism. Agnostic atheists are atheistic because they do not hold a belief in the existence of any deity, and are agnostic because they claim that the existence of a deity is either unknowable in principle or currently unknown in fact. The agnostic atheist may be contrasted with the agnostic theist, who believes that one or more deities exist but claims that the existence or nonexistence of such is unknown or cannot be known.
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This insight united the nascent fields of electromagnetic theory with optics and led directly to a complete description of the electromagnetic spectrum. However, attempting to reconcile electromagnetic theory with two observations, the photoelectric effect, and the nonexistence of the ultraviolet catastrophe, proved troublesome. Through the work of leading theoretical physicists, a new theory of electromagnetism was developed using quantum mechanics. This final modification to electromagnetic theory ultimately led to quantum electrodynamics (or QED), which fully describes all electromagnetic phenomena as being mediated by wave–particles known as photons.
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I know of no such > compelling evidence. Because God can be relegated to remote times and places > and to ultimate causes, we would have to know a great deal more about the > universe than we do now to be sure that no such God exists. To be certain of > the existence of God and to be certain of the nonexistence of God seem to me > to be the confident extremes in a subject so riddled with doubt and > uncertainty as to inspire very little confidence indeed.Head 2006, p.
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To the atomists the concept of emptiness had absolute character: it was the distinction between existence and nonexistence. Debate about the characteristics of the vacuum were largely confined to the realm of philosophy, it was not until much later on with the beginning of the renaissance, that Otto von Guericke invented the first vacuum pump and the first testable scientific ideas began to emerge. It was thought that a totally empty volume of space could be created by simply removing all gases. This was the first generally accepted concept of the vacuum.
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Flooding in Kinshasa In many areas of the DRC, land use changes are associated with degradation of drinking water sources. The main threat to drinking water sources poses the unregulated growth of urban and rural areas. The nonexistence of drinking water protection zones results in the exposure of vulnerable source areas to pollution and land degradation. Springs, river intake zones, wellheads, priority lake and reservoir segments as well as aquifer recharge areas comprise the most endangered water source areas, which typically lack any form of identifiable demarcation and protection.
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Abstract Objects: An Introduction to Axiomatic Metaphysics (1983) is the title of a publication by Edward Zalta that outlines abstract object theory. AOT is a dual predication approach (also known as "dual copula strategy") to abstract objectsDale Jacquette, Meinongian Logic: The Semantics of Existence and Nonexistence, Walter de Gruyter, 1996, p. 17. influenced by the contributions of Alexius MeinongAlexius Meinong, "Über Gegenstandstheorie" ("The Theory of Objects"), in Alexius Meinong, ed. (1904). Untersuchungen zur Gegenstandstheorie und Psychologie (Investigations in Theory of Objects and Psychology), Leipzig: Barth, pp. 1–51.Zalta (1983:xi).
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Albert Camus writes of dualisms—between happiness and sadness—as well as life and death. In The Myth of Sisyphus, such dualism becomes paradoxical because humans greatly value their existence while at the same time being aware of their mortality. Camus believes it is human nature to have difficulty reconciling these paradoxes; and indeed, he believed humankind must accept what he called "the Absurd". On the other hand, Camus is not strictly an existential atheist because the acceptance of "the Absurd" implies neither the existence of God nor the nonexistence of God (compare agnosticism).
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Pacifists under the Third Reich were dealt with harshly, reducing the movement into almost nonexistence; those who continued to advocate for the end of the war and violence were often sent to labor camps; German pacifist Carl von OssietzkyBrock and Young, p.99. and Olaf Kullmann, a Norwegian pacifist active during the Nazi occupation,Brock and Socknat, pp. 402–3. were both imprisoned in concentration camps and died as a result of their mistreatment there. Austrian farmer Franz Jägerstätter was executed in 1943 for refusing to serve in the Wehrmacht.
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Calderón uses again this doctrinal and philosophical concept of human existence in the world in his more famous play, Life Is a Dream. This concept of human existence is today’s official Catholic doctrine and an argument against God’s nonexistence due to the suffering and evil present in the world. This doctrine states that only God and the afterlife are the source of absolute justice as they are the only guarantee that evil but powerful and rich people will receive just punishment and good but poor/ill people who suffer on Earth will receive just reward.
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The Mosquito Coast was generally defined as the domain of the Mosquito or Miskito Kingdom and expanded or contracted with that domain. During the 19th century, the question of the kingdom's borders was a serious issue of international diplomacy between Britain, the United States, Nicaragua, and Honduras. Conflicting claims regarding both the kingdom's extent and arguable nonexistence were pursued in diplomatic exchanges.Naylor, Robert A.; Penny Ante Imperialism: The Mosquito Shore and the Bay of Honduras, 1600–1914: A Case Study in British Informal Empire, Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, London, 1989, pp.
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After almost 60 years of nonexistence, the body was recovered by the Second Spanish Republic under the historic name of Deputation instead of Committee. The 1931 regulation established that the Deputation would known about the suspension of constitutional rights, about decree-laws and about matters of arrest of MPs. It was formed by 21 members proportionally elected and chaired by the Speaker of the House. The francoist parliament did not have a Permanent Deputation and the body was re-introduced in 1977 with a very similar regulation of that of 1931.
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"With the 24-hour news cycle they rush into anything they can find" added Mirvish.A Senior Fellow at the Institute of Nonexistence The hoax revealed lack of fact-checking by news outlets such as MSNBC. An MSNBC spokesman stated that someone in the newsroom received the item in an e-mail, and that no vetting was ever done on it. In May 2009, Time reported that Eisenstadt was one of the "elite Twitterati" who attended the White House Correspondents Dinner, along with Meghan McCain, Ashton Kutcher, and Newt Gingrich.
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The entire mass of suffering thereby > completely ceases.Westerhoff, Jan, Nagarjuna's Madhyamaka: A Philosophical > Introduction, Oxford University Press, 2009, p. 47. Dependent origination is the fundamental Buddhist analysis of the arising of suffering and therefore, according to Nāgārjuna, the cognitive shift which sees the nonexistence of svabhāva leads to the cessation of the first link in this chain of suffering, which then leads to the ending of the entire chain of causes and thus, of all suffering. Nāgārjuna also states: > Liberation (moksa) results from the cessation of actions (karman) and > defilements (klesa).
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Ugolini's novels document and give voice to the nearly invisible Tuscan way of life, now absorbed into near nonexistence by a modernized and globalized Italy. For example, in his story of the fearless Domenico Tirbuzi, a Florentine Robin Hood of the poor masses, Ugolini preserves the dialogue, Tuscan dialect, and archaic words particular to the Maremma vernacular. Ugolini's The Story of My Land immortalizes bread making, cooking and many details of classic country life in a now changing Tuscany. Ugolini was godfather to his granddaughter, the novelist/poet Vanna Bonta.
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While interacting with Afro-Brazilians, Twine also interviewed some Euro-Brazilians and mixed race Brazilians on their perception on Afro-Brazilians, racism, perspectives on relationships and marriage. Chapter one started with the community practices of racism based on white supremacist theories and structures. Chapter two traced the history of Vasalia and the according political and economic development, when Portuguese and Italian immigrants were the coffee plantation owners and Afro-Brazilians were the slaves. Chapter three focused on the accountability of racism by interviewing Afro-Brazilians on their perception of racism, and many Afro- Brazilians answered with the nonexistence of racism.
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Morning Star is suspicious of the Joy Boy, especially because he has no aura, but he infects her with joy, and she complies to find Seeker for him, under the premise that the Noble Warriors need joy more than anyone else. Soon after Morning Star leaves, the Wildman and the Spiker army join the Joyous. Seeker moves through the garden, crossing a long bridge, and finds a chair in which he knows his God is sat. Seeker fears his God's nonexistence, but Jango appears, and reveals that he and Seeker are one and the same person.
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Considering sexuality an important driving force in human life that should not be excluded from the narrative, Martin equipped many of the Ice and Fire characters with a sex drive. Martin was also fascinated by medieval contrasts where knights venerated their ladies with poems and wore their favors in tournaments while their armies raped women in wartime. The nonexistence of adolescence in the Middle Ages served as a model for Daenerys's sexual activity at the age of 13 in the books. Many high-born women were married at or below that age because the onset of sexual maturity supposedly turned children into adults.
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The English counterspy Francis Walsingham was deeply suspicious but was unable to prove anything, and could not act as long as Stafford was protected by Lord Burghley. No action was taken against him by Elizabeth, although he was not given any posts of consequence after his recall in 1590. McDermott concludes, "The evidence of Stafford's treachery, though substantial, remains circumstantial, and the precise degree of his culpability is difficult to establish". Leimon and Parker are convinced of his guilt and add, " Equally damning is the misinformation about the nonexistence and false destinations of the Armada Stafford forwarded to England".
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In October 1995, IBM announced the upcoming first commercial release of Workplace OS, though still a developer preview. The announcement predicted it to have version 1.0 of the IBM Microkernel with the OS/2 personality and a new UNIX personality, on PowerPC. Having been part of the earliest demonstrations, the UNIX personality was now intended to be offered to customers as a holdover due to the nonexistence of a long-awaited AIX personality, but the UNIX personality was also abandoned prior to release. From mid 1995, IBM officially named the preview "OS/2 Warp Connect (PowerPC Edition)" with the code name "Falcon".
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In particular, plutonium and unbihexium are predicted to have similar valence configurations, leading to the existence of unbihexium in the +4 oxidation state. Therefore, should unbihexium occur naturally, it may be possible to extract it using similar techniques for the accumulation of cerium and plutonium. Likewise, unbihexium could also exist in monazite with other lanthanides and actinides that would be chemically similar. Recent doubt on the existence of primordial 244Pu casts uncertainty on these predictions, however, as the nonexistence (or minimal existence) of plutonium in bastnasite will inhibit possible identification of unbihexium as its heavier congener.
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He has written for newspapers and online publications such as McSweeney's Internet Tendency and he is a member of the Society of Professional Journalists, Screen Actor's Guild/American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (SAG - AFTRA) and Actors' Equity (AEA). In March 2013 Roll Call and a dozen other publications worldwide, published a story about an animated cartoon Augustinus created and posted on his website with regards to the Obama administration.Rojas, W: "Satirist Spooked By Would- Be Watchdog," Roll Call, 2013. The cartoon depicted several high ranking members of the Obama administration being laser beamed into nonexistence by a drone.
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The ignostic (or igtheist) usually concludes that the question of God's existence or nonexistence is usually not worth discussing because concepts like "God" are usually not sufficiently or clearly defined. Ignosticism or igtheism is the theological position that every other theological position (including agnosticism and atheism) assumes too much about the concept of God and many other theological concepts. It can be defined as encompassing two related views about the existence of God. The view that a coherent definition of God must be presented before the question of the existence of God can be meaningfully discussed.
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Since the very first volume, the narrator keeps appointments with his psychiatrist regularly and tells him about his adventures with the kangaroo. The psychiatrist interprets the existence of the kangaroo as a hallucination of the narrator until he brings the kangaroo to an appointment. On the strength of that, the psychiatrist has a nervous breakdown, undergoes medical treatment himself, represses the existence of the kangaroo and keeps trying to convince the I-narrator of its nonexistence. The fact that the psychiatrist rips diverse statements of the I-narrator out of its context and interprets them as romantic advances becomes another running gag.
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On 25 June 2015 "Polonia Warsaw Co." under the leadership of Jerzy Engel took over the senior team from the MKS Polonia Warsaw Academy, which helped to reinstate Polonia Warsaw back from nonexistence, to the bottom-half of the 4th tier (third league) of professional football in Poland. Under "Engel's Co." the club returned to the emblem, and the sponsor from the Polish Title winning season (1999/2000). The stem of the team from the previous season was kept, Igor Gołaszewski remained as main coach. Wojciech Szymanek, Jacek Kosmalski and Radosław Majdan all returned to the club as coaching staff.
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But, no perfect number can be a square: this follows from the known form of even perfect numbers and from the fact that odd perfect numbers (if they exist) must have a factor of the form qα where α ≡ 1 (mod 4). Therefore, for a perfect number M, τ(M) is even and the average of the divisors is the product of M with the unit fraction 2/τ(M); thus, M is a harmonic divisor number. Ore conjectured that no odd harmonic divisor numbers exist other than 1. If the conjecture is true, this would imply the nonexistence of odd perfect numbers.
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A Mandatory Declassification Review, or MDR, is requested by an individual in an attempt to declassify a document for release to the public. These challenges are presented to the agency whose equity, or "ownership", is invested in the document. Once an MDR request has been submitted to an agency for the review of a particular document, the agency must respond either with an approval, a denial, or the inability to confirm or deny the existence or nonexistence of the requested document. After the initial request, an appeal can be filed with the agency by the requester.
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164 After the Marxist government in Afghanistan fell, many of the Salafist jihadis returned to Algeria and supported the FIS and later the GIA. Also adding to the strength of salafist "Islamic revivalism" and political Islam in Algeria was the weakness (or nonexistence) of any alternative in the form of popular Muslim brotherhoods which had been dismantled by the FLN government in retaliation for lack of support and whose land had been confiscated and redistributed by the FLN government after independence.Kepel, Jihad, 2002: p.166 During and after the 1988 October Riots, Islamists "set about building bridges to the young urban poor".
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Wonder Woman is devolved into nonexistence during the 1985–86 storyline "Crisis on Infinite Earths", making way for a reboot of the character in February 1987. In the new backstory of the Amazons, the Greek Gods have taken the souls of women slain throughout time at the hands of men and sent them to the bottom of the Aegean Sea. Forming bodies from the clay on the sea bed, the souls come to the surface and become the Amazons. The first one to break surface is Hippolyta, who is elected Queen, and the second is her sister Antiope, who rules alongside her.
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The contribution of music produced the art of musical informalism. Plastic characteristics of this painting are: spontaneity of the gesture, automatism, expressive use of material, the nonexistence of preconceived ideas, the experience that the deed generates the idea, and the work is the place and the privileged moment whereby the artist discovers himself; it is the end of the reproduction of the object for the representation of the theme that becomes the end of the painting, with a sometime calligraphic aspect, referring to a Calligraphic Abstraction in relation to the works of Georges Mathieu, Hans Hartung, or Pierre Soulages.
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His chief work appeared in 1713, under the title Clavis Universalis, or A New Inquiry after Truth, being a Demonstration of the NonExistence or Impossibility of an External World (printed privately, Edinburgh, 1836, and reprinted in Metaphysical Tracts, 1837, edited by Sam. Parr). It was favourably mentioned by Reid, Stewart and others, was frequently referred to by the Leibnitzians, and was translated into German by Johann Christian Eschenbach the Elder in 1756, Berkeley's Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge and Theory of Vision preceded it by three and four years respectively, but there is no evidence that they were known to Collier before the publication of his book.
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Artistic freedom (or freedom of artistic expression) can be defined as "the freedom to imagine, create and distribute diverse cultural expressions free of governmental censorship, political interference or the pressures of non-state actors." Generally, artistic freedom describes the extent of independence artists obtain to create art freely. Moreover, artistic freedom concerns "the rights of citizens to access artistic expressions and take part in cultural life - and thus [represents] one of the key issues for democracy." The extent of freedom indispensable to create art freely differs regarding the existence or nonexistence of national instruments established to protect, to promote, to control or to censor artists and their creative expressions.
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Or ought we to believe that the agreement of theory and experiment—as > to the impossibility of prescribing conditions for a causal evolution—is a > pre-established harmony founded on the nonexistence of such conditions? I > myself am inclined to give up determinism in the world of atoms. But that is > a philosophical question for which physical arguments alone are not > decisive. Born's interpretation of the wave function was criticized by Schrödinger, who had previously attempted to interpret it in real physical terms, but Albert Einstein's response became one of the earliest and most famous assertions that quantum mechanics is incomplete: > Quantum mechanics is very worthy of respect.
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41 Although Abbott Laboratories sells Lupron in the U.S. and cooperated with the Geiers in one of the patent applications, it is no longer pursuing work with them, citing the nonexistence of scientific evidence to justify further research. When treating an autistic child, the Geiers order several dozen lab tests, costing $12,000: if at least one testosterone-related result is abnormal, the Geiers consider Lupron treatments, using 10 times the daily dose ordinarily used to treat precocious puberty. The therapy costs approximately $5,000 per month. The Geiers recommend starting treatment on children as young as possible, and say that some need treatment through adulthood.
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Firstly, the MOTdc shows that the round square does not exemplify the property of being round, but the property of being round and square. Thus, there is no subsequent contradiction. Secondly, it avoids the conflict of existence/non-existence by claiming non- physical existence: by the MOTdc, it can only be said that the round square simply does not exemplify the property of occupying a region in space. Finally, the MOTdc avoids counterintuitive consequences (like a 'thing' having the property of nonexistence) by stressing that the round square copula can be said merely to encode the property of being round and square, not actually exemplifying it.
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Suppose that the input is the binary van der Corput sequence :0, 8, 4, 12, 2, 10, 6, 14, 1, 9, 5, 13, 3, 11, 7, 15. The first element of the sequence (0) has no previous value. The nearest (only) smaller value previous to 8 and to 4 is 0. All three values previous to 12 are smaller, but the nearest one is 4. Continuing in the same way, the nearest previous smaller values for this sequence (indicating the nonexistence of a previous smaller value by a dash) are :—, 0, 0, 4, 0, 2, 2, 6, 0, 1, 1, 5, 1, 3, 3, 7.
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After visiting Romania before and after the Revolution of 1989, founder, Graham Perolls OBE, CMG, learned of the nonexistence of palliative care in the country. Having previously established the Ellenor Foundation in 1985 which built a hospice in Dartford, Kent, the organisation started fundraising for palliative care provisions in Romania. The Ellenor Foundation was behind operations in Romania until 2000 when that part took on its independent identity, Hospices of Hope. Most fundraising activities contributed to training programmes which was provided by UK nurses until 1997 when an education centre was opened and run in large part by Romanian nurses trained under previous programmes run by the charity.
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Now the Leader of Aurordeca, Syrus rules with a cold brutality demanding total loyalty from his people and his employees. And the distinction between the two is blurred almost to the point of nonexistence. He has abolished all religion, giving his subjects, but a single thing to worship in its place: Himself. But Syrus hides a secret. And, like most of us, he’ll do whatever it takes to keep it hidden. Vince: Lana’s second in command, Vince has fought with ARM for many years. He’s proven his worth as a fighter and as a loyal confidant. But, he’s still, at his core, just a man.
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Roberts argued that the Adamic race had been preceded by a pre- Adamic race, which implied that there had been death and decay before the fall of man. The controversy was debated before the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, and it "declared a draw: Neither the existence nor the nonexistence of pre- Adamites would constitute church doctrine."Ronald Numbers, The Creationists (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1992), 312; see Richard Sherlock, "'We Can See No Advantage to a Continuation of the Discussion': The Roberts/Smith/Talmage Affair," Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 13(3):63–78 (Fall 1980). "The Truth, The Way, The Life" was not published until 1994.
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According to Wells, both figures owe much of their substance to ideas from the Jewish wisdom literature. In 2000 Van Voorst gave an overview of proponents of the "Nonexistence Hypothesis" and their arguments, presenting eight arguments against this hypothesis as put forward by Wells and his predecessors. According to Maurice Casey, Wells' work repeated the main points of the Religionsgeschichtliche Schule, which are deemed outdated by mainstream scholarship. His works were not discussed by New Testament scholars, because it was "not considered to be original, and all his main points were thought to have been refuted long time ago, for reasons which were very well known".
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With the 2018 election of López Obrador, Mexico's recent democratic gains could be at risk. Enrique Krauze contends that López Obrador is an “elected despot,” similar to Venezuela's late President Hugo Chávez. He sees López Obrador as illegitimately blending the executive, the legislative, and the judiciary “into a single power that distorts the truth and appropriates history.” In Krauze's assessment, López Obrador has accumulated far more power than any previous president of Mexico and that currently “there is no political force that can compete with him,” given the ruin of the PRI, lack of leadership within the PAN, and nonexistence of political power of the other opposition parties.
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Charles Hartshorne and Norman Malcolm are primarily responsible for introducing modal versions of the argument into the contemporary debate. Both claimed that Anselm had two versions of the ontological argument, the second of which was a modal logic version. According to James Harris, this version is represented by Malcolm thus: > If it [that than which nothing greater can be conceived] can be conceived at > all it must exist. For no one who denies or doubts the existence of a being > a greater than which is inconceivable, denies or doubts that if it did exist > its nonexistence, either in reality or in the understanding, would be > impossible.
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So if the purpose of emptiness is the > complete peace of all discursiveness and you just increase the web of > discursiveness by thinking that the meaning of emptiness is nonexistence, > you do not realize the purpose of emptiness [at all].Walser, Joseph, > Nagarjuna in Context: Mahayana Buddhism and Early Indian Culture, Columbia > University Press, 2005, p. 239. Some scholars (Murti) interpret emptiness as described by Nāgārjuna as a Buddhist transcendental absolute, while other scholars such as David Kalupahana consider this a mistake since this would not make it a middle way.Jorge Noguera Ferrer, Revisioning Transpersonal Theory: A Participatory Vision of Human Spirituality. SUNY Press, 2002, page 102-103.
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The map has lost the Great Gulf and the peninsula continues to be too large, but it has merged with the Golden Chersonese as a single landform and bent more towards the east, apparently influenced by Arabic sources. Pietro Coppo's map (1520) is one of the last ones to show the Dragon's Tail. The Portuguese were aware of the peninsula's likely nonexistence by shortly after the fall of Malacca, when Albuquerque acquired a large Javanese map of Southeast Asia. The original was lost aboard the Froll de la Mar shortly afterwards but a tracing by Francisco Rodrigues was sent in its place as part of a letter to the king.
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The live performance continues in that vein, with many samples of people discussing the various facets of Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and other major religions, and the role of religion in society. It is hosted by Don Joyce in one of his many alter egos, that of Dr. Oslo Norway, chairman of One World Advertising. The premise of the recording is that with radio's audience having shrunk so much over the past decades, that a radio station would have to do something as outlandish as proclaim the nonexistence of God to get ratings. The CD can be purchased at Negativland performances, but is currently not available for retail sale.
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Children's Games, 1560, Pieter Bruegel the Elder The book uses a wide range of sources to refute Philippe Ariès's Centuries of Childhood famous theses of the medieval nonexistence of "childhood" as an idea and of apathetic medieval parenting. Orme states that childhood was a phase distinct from the rest of life, "medieval children were ourselves, five hundred or a thousand years ago" with parents who genuinely cherished and grieved for their children, similar to modern parents. The book's refutation of Ariès is diffuse, broaching his thesis but not other aspects of Centuries of Childhood. Orme uses examples from the English Middle Ages where Ariès uses the French.
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The Lyceum of the Philippines University became the tenth NCAA team after the league accepted Lyceum as a guest team for the 87 season. Management Committee (MANCOM) chair Mike del Mundo announced that Lyceum completed all of the necessary requirements, including the existence of a high school department. The nonexistence of a high school department prevented Lyceum from being a guest team; its high school campus in Cavite was accepted and the Lyceum Pirates will field in teams in the mandatory sports. Lyceum paid the league 2.5 million pesos to play in the basketball event, and additional P 1M bond, as they will have to pay additional fees to play in other events.
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Apatheism considers the question of the existence or nonexistence of deities to be fundamentally irrelevant in every way that matters. This position should not be understood as a skeptical position in a manner similar to that of, for example, atheists or agnostics who question the existence of deities or whether we can know anything about them. The existence of deities is not put aside for moral or epistemic reasons—for democratic or existential reasons, it is deemed unnecessary. This is a universalization of the fundamental democratic principle that there are no first- and second-class humans and that among other species or beings (including hypothetical deities or aliens elsewhere in the universe), human beings also are not second class.
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In 1985 Northern Arizona joined with Alaska–Anchorage, Alaska–Fairbanks and U.S. International to form the Great West Hockey Conference. NAU finished 3rd in the conference but had several problems: the Walkup Skydome was in need of serious and expensive repair, the state had cut the University's budget for the next fiscal cycle and NAU was required to meet Title IX guidelines. With all of those issues the University suspended the program and ended the Lumberjacks time in D-I hockey. After several years of nonexistence the program was brought back in 1991 as a club sport and returned to the Flagstaff Ice Rink (since renamed the Jay Lively Activity Center) where it continues as two separate ACHA teams.
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The demographics behind agricultural work has been changing throughout the years, with the rise of more private, family owned farm industries, as well as the increasing prevalence of young farm workers. Young farm workers are at a greater risk than older or adult farm workers of injury, but this issue is not addressed to the full extent due to nonexistence in the statistics of the Bureau of Labor, which only regards those of age 16 and older. Increase of young farm workers could be attributed to the rising trend of "return to farming". Not only young workers, but women farm workers are increasing at a steady rate as the lead operators of the farm industries.
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As with the related problems of squaring the circle and trisecting the angle, doubling the cube is now known to be impossible using only a compass and straightedge, but even in ancient times solutions were known that employed other tools. The Egyptians, Indians, and particularly the Greeks were aware of the problem and made many futile attempts at solving what they saw as an obstinate but soluble problem.Plato's Republic Book VII "if any whole city should hold these things honourable and take a united lead and supervise, they would obey, and solution sought constantly and earnestly would become clear." However, the nonexistence of a compass-and-straightedge solution was finally proven by Pierre Wantzel in 1837.
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For reasons still unknown, Dream, Interrupted was initially released in compact disc format in various parts of the United Kingdom. As a result, very few copies exist in the US and only a handful of music editors have ever even seen the actual record stateside. However, all of Danny's independent releases have been distributed in limited quantities, presumably due to a lack of a substantial budget. The scarcity of the record in the UK, the virtual nonexistence of copies in the United States, and the meager promotion of the album overall made Dream, Interrupted one of Danny's most mysterious and sought-after projects in late 2006, until it was re-released digitally the following year.
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Following controversy over the portrayal of transgender women in The Man Who Would Be Queen, Blanchard distinguished between "the existence or nonexistence of autogynephilia", which he described as "settled", and "theoretical statements involving autogynephilia". Examples of the latter included: (1) all gender-dysphoric males (including MTF transsexuals) who are not attracted to males are instead autogynephilic; (2) autogynephilia does not occur in natal females; (3) the desire for sex reassignment among some natal males is a form of internalized pair-bonding; (4) autogynephilia is a type of heterosexual impulse that also competes with heterosexuality; and (5) autogynephilia is a type of erotic target location error. Blanchard wrote that the accuracy of these theories needed further empirical research to resolve.
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Mixed member proportional representation (MMP) is a two-tier system that combines a single-district vote, usually first-past-the-post, with a compensatory regional or nationwide party list proportional vote. The system aims to combine the local district representation of FPTP and the proportionality of a national party list system. MMP has the potential to produce proportional or moderately proportional election outcomes, depending on a number of factors such as the ratio of FPTP seats to PR seats, the existence or nonexistence of extra compensatory seats to make up for overhang seats, and electoral thresholds. It was invented for the German Bundestag after the Second World War and has spread to Lesotho, Bolivia and New Zealand.
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The Lyceum of the Philippines University became the tenth NCAA team after the league accepted Lyceum as a guest team for the 87 season. Management Committee (MANCOM) chair Mike del Mundo announced that Lyceum completed all of the necessary requirements, including the existence of a high school department. The nonexistence of a high school department two years ago prevented Lyceum from being a guest team; its high school campus in Cavite was accepted and the Lyceum Pirates will field in teams in the mandatory sports. Lyceum paid the league 1.5 million pesos to play in the basketball event, and additional P500,000 bond, as they will have to pay additional fees to play in other events.
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The term PTAS may also be used to refer to the class of optimization problems that have a PTAS. PTAS is a subset of APX, and unless P = NP, it is a strict subset. Membership in PTAS can be shown using a PTAS reduction, L-reduction, or P-reduction, all of which preserve PTAS membership, and these may also be used to demonstrate PTAS-completeness. On the other hand, showing non- membership in PTAS (namely, the nonexistence of a PTAS), may be done by showing that the problem is APX-hard, after which the existence of a PTAS would show P = NP. APX-hardness is commonly shown via PTAS reduction or AP- reduction.
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Those who have burnt out all desire for continued existence leave the world of desire and live in the world on the level of form alone: they see forms but are not drawn to them. Finally, full Buddhas go beyond even form and experience reality at its purest, most fundamental level, the formless ocean of nirvana. The liberation from the cycle of Saṃsāra where the enlightened soul had no longer attached to worldly form corresponds to the concept of Śūnyatā, the complete voidness or the nonexistence of the self. Kāmadhātu is represented by the base, Rupadhatu by the five square platforms (the body), and Arupadhatu by the three circular platforms and the large topmost stupa.
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An Egyptian could worship any deity at a particular time and credit it with supreme power in that moment, without denying the other gods or merging them all with the god that he or she focused on. Hornung concludes that the gods were fully unified only in myth, at the time before creation, after which the multitude of gods emerged from a uniform nonexistence. Hornung's arguments have greatly influenced other scholars of Egyptian religion, but some still believe that at times the gods were more unified than he allows. Jan Assmann maintains that the notion of a single deity developed slowly through the New Kingdom, beginning with a focus on Amun-Ra as the all-important sun god.
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There are generally substandard health and safety conditions as well as nonexistence of social benefits which include sick pay, pension, and health coverage. The informal economy absorbs a larger part of the ever-growing workforce in urban hubs. In 2015, urban populations of Asian countries started to grow while the service sector also continued to increase. These developments contributed to the extensive expansion of urban informal economy in practically all of Asia. In India, the country’s informal sector accounted for over 80 percent of the non-agricultural industry during the last 20 years. Inadequate employment denotes the option for majority of India’s citizens is to find work in the informal sector which continues to grow because of the contract system and outsourcing of production.
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Mally, Ernst, Gegenstandstheoretische Grundlagen der Logik und Logistik, Leipzig: Barth, 1912, §33.Ernst Mally – The Metaphysics Research Lab Other proponents of this approach include: Héctor-Neri Castañeda, William J. Rapaport, and Edward N. Zalta.Dale Jacquette, Meinongian Logic: The Semantics of Existence and Nonexistence, Walter de Gruyter, 1996, p. 17. By borrowing Zalta's notational method (Fb stands for b exemplifies the property of being F; bF stands for b encodes the property of being F), and using a revised version of Meinongian object theory which makes use of a dual copula distinction (MOTdc), we can say that the object called "the round square" encodes the property of being round, the property of being square, all properties implied by these, and no others.
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Recent studies by Ana Camblong, Julio Prieto, Daniel Attala and Todd S. Garth, among others, indicate that Macedonio's literary impact on Borges was far more profound and enduring than Borges ever admitted, and that Borges went to great pains to hide this influence. Many of the most fundamental concepts underpinning Borges' fiction come directly from Macedonio. These include the questioning of space and time and their continuity; the confusion of dreaming and wakefulness; the unreliability of memory and the importance of forgetfulness; the slipperiness (or nonexistence) of personal identity; the denial of originality and the emphasis on texts as being recyclings and translations of prior texts; and the questioning and commingling of the roles of author, reader, editor and commentator. These influences extend to thematic material.
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Tang's classical algorithm, inspired by the fast quantum algorithm of Kerenidis and Prakash, is able to perform the same calculations but on a normal computer without the need for quantum machine learning. Both approaches run in polylogarithmic time which means the total computation time scales with the logarithm of the problem variables such as the total number of products and users, except Tang utilises a classical replication of the quantum sampling techniques. Prior to Tang's results, it was widely assumed that no fast classical algorithm existed; Kerenidis and Prakash did not attempt to study the classical solution, and the task assigned to Tang by Aaronson was to prove its nonexistence. As he said, "that seemed to me like an important 't' to cross to complete this story".
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A living person can also be sealed to his or her deceased spouse, with another person (of the same sex as the deceased) acting as proxy for that deceased individual. One society that traditionally did without marriage entirely was that of the Na of Yunnan province in southern China. According to anthropologist Cia Hua, sexual liaisons among the Na took place in the form of "visits" initiated by either men or women, each of whom might have two or three partners each at any given time (and as many as two hundred throughout a lifetime). The nonexistence of fathers in the Na family unit was consistent with their practice of matrilineality and matrilocality, in which siblings and their offspring lived with their maternal relatives.
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As prime minister, Antall oversaw the establishment of a legal system to promote a market economy and attract foreign investment. The ruling coalition attempted to stabilize the economy while implementing privatization and other elements of a market economy, while the populist right wing of the MDF was vocal about the “national issue”—the question of the Hungarian minorities in neighbouring countries—and attempted to put it at the centre of the government's platform. Antall with Jacques Chirac at the EDU conference in 1993 Antall with British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in Budapest, 1990 However, the return to a capitalist system and all its accompanying reforms resulted in socioeconomic difficulties for the country during Antall's term. Unemployment jumped from nonexistence to 14 percent.
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In three dimensions, it is not possible for a geometrically chiral polytope to have finitely many finite faces. For instance, the snub cube is vertex-transitive, but its flags have more than two orbits, and it is neither edge-transitive nor face-transitive, so it is not symmetric enough to meet the formal definition of chirality. The quasiregular polyhedra and their duals, such as the cuboctahedron and the rhombic dodecahedron, provide another interesting type of near-miss: they have two orbits of flags, but are mirror-symmetric, and not every adjacent pair of flags belongs to different orbits. However, despite the nonexistence of finite chiral three-dimensional polyhedra, there exist infinite three-dimensional chiral skew polyhedra of types {4,6}, {6,4}, and {6,6}.
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Whereas applicants were previously required to submit press clippings and a letter from an academic institution to qualify, the new rules now require applicants to present either press clippings, a letter from an academic institution, or a public video demonstrating their ability. The JREF explained that these new rules would give people without media or academic documentation a way to be considered for testing, and would allow the JREF to use online video and social media to reach a wider audience. Since the challenge was first created by Randi in 1964, about a thousand people have applied, but no one has been successful. Randi has said that few unsuccessful applicants ever seriously considered that their failure to perform might be due to the nonexistence of the power they believe they possess.
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1985 The practical nonexistence of a functional government after the war, and the near-impossibility to align all stakeholders, including property owners, into one unified and feasible vision, called for private resources to plan and execute a project of such scale and importance. Hariri's credibility as a business person and the speed and efficiency of submitting plans and investments models all played in favor of the REHCO model. It can be argued that without this large-scale intervention, the centre would have at best re- developed in a chaotic and uncoordinated manner, the way that other areas of the capital are experiencing. Solidere was given powers of compulsory purchase, compensating in Solidere shares rather than cash, and of a regulatory authority allowing it to manage the city centre area.
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Or a firm emitting pollution will typically not take into account the costs that its pollution imposes on others. As a result, pollution may occur in excess of the 'socially efficient' level, which is the level that would exist if the market was required to account for the pollution. A classic definition influenced by Kenneth Arrow and James Meade is provided by Heller and Starrett (1976), who define an externality as "a situation in which the private economy lacks sufficient incentives to create a potential market in some good and the nonexistence of this market results in losses of Pareto efficiency".Heller, Walter P. and David A. Starrett (1976), On the Nature of Externalities, in: Lin, Stephen A.Y. (ed.), Theory and Measurement of Economic Externalities, Academic Press, New York, p.
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After a series of sweeping victories Baidar and Kadan regrouped their northern force and defeated the main Polish army at the Battle of Legnica, right before it could merge with the Bohemian Army a days march away. While Güyük's army triumphed in Transylvania, a day after Legnica, Subutai was waiting for the Hungarian army on the Hungarian plain. Though the Hungarian King Bela IV had effectively blocked the Carpathian passes using felled trees, ditches, traps, and other natural obstacles, in addition to the general disrepair or simple nonexistence of roads in eastern Hungary, Subutai's force still managed an astonishing pace of a day despite several feet of snow. The Mongols retained a pioneer corps capable of efficiently clearing pathways through the forest, and were unfazed by Bela's obstacles.
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During this tenure Dover was engaged in a protracted dispute with the college Librarian and a Fellow in History, Trevor Henry Aston (1925–1985), who suffered from manic depression. Aston's erratic behaviour exasperated Dover and in Marginal Comment, his autobiography, he admitted: "It was clear to me by now that Trevor and the college must somehow be separated. My problem was one which I feel compelled to define with brutal candour: How to kill him without getting into trouble ... I had no qualms about causing the death of a fellow from whose nonexistence the college would benefit, but I balked at the prospect of misleading a coroner's jury ... consulting a lawyer to see if [I] would be legally at risk if [I] ignored a suicide call." Dover willingly put pressure on Aston and consorted with his doctor to ignore colleagues' expressions of concern.
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Willard Van Orman Quine provided an early and influential formulation of ontological commitment: The purpose of Quine's strategy is to determine just how the ontological commitment of a theory is to be found. Quine argued that the only ontologically committing expressions are variables bound by a first-order existential quantifier, and natural language expressions which were formalized using variables bound by first-order existential quantifiers. Attempts have been made to argue that predicates are also ontologically committing, and thus that subject-predicate sentences bear additional ontological commitment to abstract objects such as universals, sets, or classes. It has been suggested that the use of meaningful names in nonexistence statements such as "Pegasus does not exist" brings with it an ontological commitment to empty names like Pegasus, a quandary referred to as Plato's beard and escaped by using quantifiers.
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This chapter of 2 Enoch almost functions as its own retelling of the creation account, albeit in a very truncated manner. The verse preceding 2 Enoch 65:2 rapidly recounts the nonexistence of any created thing, and then quickly reveals God created everything, whereas the creation of humans may be spoken of and in more detail than the other created things were [addressed]. 2 Enoch 65:2 speaks of humankind's relation to God as "constituted in his own image," while simultaneously noting this image is "a similarity," rather than something that is directly imaging God. This verse is quite similar to Genesis 1:27 in that it acknowledges God made human beings in God's "form," "image," "similarity," or "likeness," but it fails to detail what exactly about human beings distinguishes them from other created things and makes them like God.
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In his paper on the problem, Erdős credited an anonymous mathematician with the observation that, when each x is mapped to a finite set of values, F is necessarily finite. However, as Erdős showed, the situation for countable sets is more complicated: the answer to Wetzel's question is yes if and only if the continuum hypothesis is false.. That is, the existence of an uncountable set of functions that maps each argument x to a countable set of values is equivalent to the nonexistence of an uncountable set of real numbers whose cardinality is less than the cardinality of the set of all real numbers. One direction of this equivalence was also proven independently, but not published, by another UIUC mathematician, Robert Dan Dixon. It follows from the independence of the continuum hypothesis, proved in 1963 by Paul Cohen,.
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"Nothing", used as a pronoun subject, is the absence of a something or particular thing that one might expect or desire to be present ("We found nothing", "Nothing was there") or the inactivity of a thing or things that are usually or could be active ("Nothing moved", "Nothing happened"). As a predicate or complement "nothing" is the absence of meaning, value, worth, relevance, standing, or significance ("It is a tale/ Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,/ Signifying nothing"; "The affair meant nothing"; "I'm nothing in their eyes")."Nothing", Merriam-Webster Dictionary "Nothingness" is a philosophical term for the general state of nonexistence, sometimes reified as a domain or dimension into which things pass when they cease to exist or out of which they may come to exist, e.g., God is understood to have created the universe ex nihilo, "out of nothing".
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If we abbreviate by BP the claim that every set of real numbers has the property of Baire, then BP is stronger than ¬AC, which asserts the nonexistence of any choice function on perhaps only a single set of nonempty sets. Strengthened negations may be compatible with weakened forms of AC. For example, ZF + DCAxiom of dependent choice \+ BP is consistent, if ZF is. It is also consistent with ZF + DC that every set of reals is Lebesgue measurable; however, this consistency result, due to Robert M. Solovay, cannot be proved in ZFC itself, but requires a mild large cardinal assumption (the existence of an inaccessible cardinal). The much stronger axiom of determinacy, or AD, implies that every set of reals is Lebesgue measurable, has the property of Baire, and has the perfect set property (all three of these results are refuted by AC itself).
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Most quantitative studies of winning and losing streaks, and the associated concept of psychological momentum, have failed to find any evidence that "streaks" actually exist, except as a matter of random chance. A team with low ability is more likely to lose frequently, and a team with high ability is more likely to win, but once ability is controlled for, there is no evidence that a "winning" or "losing" streak affects the result of the match. In fact, one study of European association football matches using a Monte Carlo methodology found that once ability was accounted for, a team was actually slightly less likely to win or lose when it had experienced the same result in the previous match. Despite the apparent nonexistence of streaks in quantitative terms, many scholars in the field have pointed to the importance of understanding qualitative, psychological aspects of streaks.
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One of the most basic presupposition for which there is responsibility on the part of the Administration is the existence of a qualified damage to the property or rights of a natural or legal person. Point out that not only refers to pecuniary goods, but also of another nature, such as moral damages, which in the case will also involve a pecuniary compensation. Among the qualities that administrative damage must meet in order to comply with this requirement, it is necessary to emphasize, first of all, the illegality of the action of the Administration. Unlike the regime of responsibility regulated in the Civil Code, where the illegality occurs when there is fraud or guilt, in the system of objective responsibility of the Administration, the criterion of illegality focuses on the existence or nonexistence of a duty to support the damage that laws can attribute to subjects.
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Among the Mayas, priestly functions were often fulfilled by dignitaries who were not professional priests, but this fact cannot be used to argue the nonexistence of a separate priesthood. The Popol Vuh stereotypically describes the first ancestors as "bloodletters and sacrificers" and as the carriers of their deities, a priestly function.Christenson 2003: 236; 211, 223 To the Kʼicheʼ kings and highest dignitaries coming after them, the kingship was a sacred institution and the temple service a duty: during certain intervals, they abstained from intercourse, fasted, prayed, and burnt offerings, "pleading for the light and the life of their vassals and servants."Christenson 2003: 287-288 Although the text describes the three temples dedicated to the first ancestors' patron deities and names what appear to be the two high priests of the main deities (the Lords Ah Tohil and Ah Cucumatz), it does not discuss, or even mention, local priests.
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But for one who sees the origin > of the world as it really is with correct wisdom, there is no notion of > nonexistence in regard to the world. And for one who sees the cessation of > the world as it really is with correct wisdom, there is no notion of > existence in regard to the world. Joseph Walser also points out that verse six of chapter 15 contains an allusion to the “Mahahatthipadopama sutta”, another sutta of the Nidanavagga, the collection which also contains the Kaccānagotta, and which contains various suttas that focus on the avoidance of extreme views, which are all held to be associated with either the extreme of eternality (sasvata) or the extreme of disruption (uccheda). Another allusion to an early buddhist text noted by Walser is in Nāgārjuna's Ratnavali chapter 1, where he makes reference to a statement in the Kevaddha sutta.
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The controversy led to Plooij's departure from the University of Groningen. "However, an increasing number of researchers are providing empirical support for [Plooij's] findings",Woolmore & Richer (2003:23) with multiple replications in diverse cultures and family circumstances. Critical review by other researchers of van Geert's methodology and data analysis has suggested that "studies that fail to find regression periods must be carefully scrutinized to ensure they have not simply failed to see through the 'noise' in their data, such that they have mistaken their own failure to find the phenomenon for the phenomenon's nonexistence." Re-analysis of the de Weert-van Geert data has shown that they actually confirm age-linked regression periods when extraneous challenges due to "special parental conditions" in three of the four mother-infant dyads in their study are taken into account (maternal depression and phobias, rigid schedules imposed for sleeping, contact, and feeding).
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The crest of the peacock. London. Astronomy: The first textual mention of astronomical concepts comes from the Vedas, religious literature of India. According to Sarma (2008): "One finds in the Rigveda intelligent speculations about the genesis of the universe from nonexistence, the configuration of the universe, the spherical self-supporting earth, and the year of 360 days divided into 12 equal parts of 30 days each with a periodical intercalary month.". The first 12 chapters of the Siddhanta Shiromani, written by Bhāskara in the 12th century, cover topics such as: mean longitudes of the planets; true longitudes of the planets; the three problems of diurnal rotation; syzygies; lunar eclipses; solar eclipses; latitudes of the planets; risings and settings; the moon's crescent; conjunctions of the planets with each other; conjunctions of the planets with the fixed stars; and the patas of the sun and moon.
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According to Buddhologist Richard Hayes, the early Buddhist Nikaya literature treats the question of the existence of a creator god "primarily from either an epistemological point of view or a moral point of view". In these texts the Buddha is portrayed not as a creator-denying atheist who claims to be able to prove such a God's nonexistence, but rather his focus is other teachers' claims that their teachings lead to the highest good.Hayes, Richard P., "Principled Atheism in the Buddhist Scholastic Tradition", Journal of Indian Philosophy, 16:1 (1988:Mar) pgs 5-6, 8 According to Richard Hayes, in the Tevijja Sutta (DN 13), there is an account of a dispute between two brahmins about how best to reach union with Brahma (Brahmasahavyata), who is seen as the highest god over whom no other being has mastery and who sees all. However, after being questioned by the Buddha, it is revealed that they do not have any direct experience of this Brahma.
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A typical Malaysian's English would be almost totally non-rhotic due to the nonexistence of rhotic endings in both languages of influence, whereas a more educated Malaysian's English may be non-rhotic due to Standard Malaysian English being based on RP (Received Pronunciation). The classical English spoken in Brunei is non- rhotic. But one current change that seems to be taking place is that Brunei English is becoming rhotic, partly influenced by American English and partly influenced by the rhoticity of Standard Malay, also influenced by languages of Indians in Brunei (Tamil and Punjabi) (rhoticity is also used by Chinese Bruneians), although English in neighboring Malaysia, Singapore, and Australia remains non-rhotic; rhoticity in Brunei English is equal to Philippine and Indian dialects of English and Scottish and Irish dialects. Non-rhoticity is mostly found in older generations, its phenomenon is almost similar to the status of American English, wherein non-rhoticity reduced greatly.
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While they watch her walk down the street, the 1984 single "Drop Dead Legs" by Van Halen plays. Playing on the nonexistence of Christianity, Brian and Stewie visit the Sistine Chapel and discover that a large collection of photos of American actress Jodie Foster has been substituted for The Creation of Adam painting by Michelangelo, who was fired and replaced by John Hinckley Jr. Walt Disney's works were prominently referenced in the Family Guy universe Seeking to explore more alternative realities, Stewie takes Brian to a universe resembling the 1960 animated sitcom The Flintstones. Peter and his wife Lois are shown dressed in a manner similar to Fred Flintstone and Wilma Flintstone respectively. Becoming tired of this universe, the two then transport themselves to a universe where the atomic bombing of Japan never occurred, allowing Japan to conquer the United States in World War II. Another universe references many works by Walt Disney.
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Although there are many known types of oracles, the choice of which to use can be simplified, because many of them are equivalent in computational power. An oracle \scriptstyle X is said to be polynomially reducible to another oracle \scriptstyle Y if any call to \scriptstyle X may be simulated by an algorithm that accesses the matroid using only oracle \scriptstyle Y and takes polynomial time as measured in terms of the number of elements of the matroid; in complexity-theoretic terms, this is a Turing reduction. Two oracles are said to be polynomially equivalent if they are polynomially reducible to each other. If \scriptstyle X and \scriptstyle Y are polynomially equivalent, then every result that proves the existence or nonexistence of a polynomial time algorithm for a matroid problem using oracle \scriptstyle X also proves the same thing for oracle \scriptstyle Y. For instance, the independence oracle is polynomially equivalent to the circuit-finding oracle of .
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One possible attack on the cycle double cover problem would be to show that there cannot exist a minimum counterexample, by proving that any graph contains a reducible configuration, a subgraph that can be replaced by a smaller subgraph in a way that would preserve the existence or nonexistence of a cycle double cover. For instance, if a cubic graph contains a triangle, a Δ-Y transform will replace the triangle by a single vertex; any cycle double cover of the smaller graph can be extended back to a cycle double cover of the original cubic graph. Therefore, a minimal counterexample to the cycle double cover conjecture must be a triangle-free graph, ruling out some snarks such as Tietze's graph which contain triangles. Through computer searches, it is known that every cycle of length 11 or less in a cubic graph forms a reducible configuration, and therefore that any minimal counterexample to the cycle double cover conjecture must have girth at least 12.. Unfortunately, it is not possible to prove the cycle double cover conjecture using a finite set of reducible configurations.
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Spanish and Basque are in the Glosas Emilianenses. The map shows the Kingdom of Pamplona between 1029 and 1035 Spanish and Basque are co-official in all territories of the autonomous community. The Basque-speaking areas in the modern-day autonomous community are set against the wider context of the Basque language, spoken to the east in Navarre and the French Basque Country. The whole Basque speaking territory has experienced both decline and expansion in its history. The Basque language experienced a gradual territorial contraction throughout the last nine centuries, and very severe deterioration of its sociolinguistic status for much of the 20th century due to heavy immigration from other parts of Spain, the virtual nonexistence of Basque language schooling, and national policies implemented by the different Spanish régimes (see Language policies of Francoist Spain). After the advent of the Statute of Autonomy of the Basque Country in 1982 following Franco's death, this reductive trend was gradually reversed thanks to the Basque language schools and the new education system.
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With family cat Fred about 1966 The Born rule states that an observable property of a quantum system is defined by a Hermitian operator on a separable Hilbert space, that the only observable values of the property are the eigenvalues of the operator, and that the probability of the system being observed in a particular eigenvalue is the square of the absolute value of the complex number obtained by projecting the state vector (a point in the Hilbert space) onto the corresponding eigenvector. George Mackey had asked whether Born's rule is a necessary consequence of a particular set of axioms for quantum mechanics, and more specifically whether every measure on the lattice of projections of a Hilbert space can be defined by a positive operator with unit trace. Though Richard Kadison proved this was false for two-dimensional Hilbert spaces, Gleason's theorem (published 1957) shows it to be true for higher dimensions. Gleason's theorem implies the nonexistence of certain types of hidden variable theories for quantum mechanics, strengthening a previous argument of John von Neumann.
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In another posthumous text, Kreuz und Hölle, von Speyr relates her experiences of the Passion and of the descent into Hell, giving illustrations of the metaphysical nature of damnation as isolation and "total depersonalization," in Professor Matthew Sutton's phrase. Some scholars have interpreted these visions as suggesting universalism, or a belief that Hell is empty, but other scholars insist that this is a misreading of the text; Hans Urs von Balthasar himself rejects the universalist reading, understanding von Speyr's experience of Hell as "so real that, in view of it, it would be ridiculous and blasphemous to speak of the nonexistence of hell or even just of apokatastasis [universalism] in the 'systematic' sense."Von Balthasar, First Glance, p. 64. There are critics who dispute the authenticity of von Speyr's visions on other grounds, citing features such as apparent changes of personality and voice and the use of sarcasm, although von Balthasar, who originally related these phenomena, believes these episodes had a pedagogical purpose, to form him in humility as a spiritual director.
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Stiffler in the 1980s Stiffler was author or coauthor of numerous papers and books, and was awarded several hundred patents. His thesis, "Self-synchronizing binary telemetry codes", supervised by Solomon Golomb, combined the ideas of binary orthogonal codes (in which codewords are completely uncorrelated with one other) and self-synchronizing codes (in which there is no ambiguity about the positions of the boundaries between code words); he found constructions of self- synchronizing binary orthogonal codes for all codeword lengths greater than or equal to four, and proved nonexistence for all shorter lengths. In 1964 he developed the puncturing technique (and proved the Solomon–Stiffler bound) with Gustave Solomon, and coauthored Digital Communications with Space Applications with Golomb, Andrew Viterbi and two others. His 1971 book Theory of Synchronous Communications grew out of NASA's need for highly power- efficient synchronous serial communication during data transmissions for its deep space program; a review called it "unparalleled in its comprehensive treatment of the synchronization problems of time-discrete communications" and "a landmark in the theoretical development" of the subject.
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Smith observes that some motivations for explicit atheism are rational and some not. Of the rational motivations, he says: For Smith, critical, explicit atheism is subdivided further into three groups: # the view usually expressed by the statement "I do not believe in the existence of a god or supernatural being" after "the failure of theism to provide sufficient evidence in its favor. Faced with a lack of evidence, this explicit atheist sees no reason whatsoever for believing in a supernatural being"; # the view usually expressed by the statement "God does not exist" or "the existence of God is impossible" after "a particular concept of god, such as the God of Christianity, is judged to be absurd or contradictory"; # the view which "refuses to discuss the existence or nonexistence of a god" because "the concept of a 'god' is unintelligible". For the purposes of his paper on "philosophical atheism", Ernest Nagel chose to attach only the explicit atheism definition for his examination and discussion: In Nagel's Philosophical Concepts of Atheism, he very much agrees with Smith on the three-part subdivision of "explicit atheism" above, though Nagel does not use the term "explicit".
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In commenting on Buddhist treatises, Jizang developed a general methodology of poxie xianzheng ("refuting what is misleading, revealing what is corrective"), by-passing the pitfalls of asserting the truth or falsehood of certain propositions in a final or rigid sense, but using them if they pragmatically lead to the ability to overcome the commitment to dichotomy. He noted that the tendency of many Buddhists to become committed to becoming unattached (shunyata or "emptying") is also itself a commitment that should be avoided. One can avoid this by engaging in the same deconstruction that allowed liberation in the first place, but applied to the false dichotomy between attachment and non-attachment (shūnyatā shūnyatā, or "emptying of emptiness"). Applying this to the traditional two levels of discourse inherited from the Madhyamaka tradition (the conventional, regarding everyday thoughts, and the authentic, which transcends this by analyzing the metaphysical assumptions made in the conventional thinking), Jizang developed his sizhong erdi ("four levels of the two kinds of discourse"), which takes that distinction and adds metadistinctions on three more levels: # The assumption of existence is conventional, and the idea of nonexistence is authentic.
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In the new country, the monetary system was re-centralized, wherein the National Bank of Montenegro lost its autonomy and became a regional office of the National Bank of Yugoslavia headquartered in Belgrade.Liebscher, K., Christl, J., Mooslechner, P., Ritzberger-Grünwald, D. (2005) “European Economic Integration And South-East Europe: Challenges And Prospects”, Edward Elgar Pub, pp. 155-176 A high level of monetary and financial centralisation was established, which was easy to be manipulated and which enabled many misuses due to the nonexistence of any legal state and financial discipline, and this resulted in hyperinflation in the period 1992–94.Bogetic, Z., Petrovic, P., Vujosevic, Z.,(1999) “The Yugoslav Hyperinflation of 1992-1994: Causes, Dynamics, and Money Supply Process”, After the crash of the common market and simultaneous outbreaks of war in two former Yugoslav republics, the monthly inflation rate in Serbia and Montenegro was 50% in February 1992, reaching 100% in June the same year.Bogetic, Z., Petrovic, P., Vujosevic, Z.,(1999) “The Yugoslav Hyperinflation of 1992-1994: Causes, Dynamics, and Money Supply Process”, This caused severe and prolonged hyperinflation, which has led to a devastation of the region.
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