" Nomen omen ," the Romans said: the name is a sign.
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Thus she deals out a Pokémon-like deck of so-called nomen cards that assign to each pilgrim a medieval avatar.
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Her skeletal remains and a few bits of clothing were found by a man walking in Utah County's Hobble Creek Canyon, about 15 miles from where the former Mormon missionary was last seen after her class at the Nomen Global Language School in Provo.
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Secondly, with the nomen becoming an increasingly fossilized formality, non-Italian families, even those who had acquired citizenship and a nomen prior to 212, began to ignore their nomen.Salway, p.135 When a nomen was required for official purposes they would simply put the default nomen of "Aurelius" in front of their name, rather than use their actual nomen.
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The nomen Opsidius belongs to a class of gentilicia formed from other names using the suffix -idius. In this case the nomen is derived from the more common Opsius; the same nomen also gives rise to the gens Opsilia.
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The nomen Opsilius belongs to a class of gentilicia formed from other names using the suffix -. In this case the nomen is derived from the more common Opsius; the same nomen also gives rise to the gens Opsidia or Obsidia.
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FRBR Group 3 entities are deprecated. A redefined nomen type encompasses name from FRAD plus nomen, identifier, and controlled access point from FRSAD.
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The nomen of Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw is unknown and his identity is therefore not completely established. Ryholt has proposed Khabaw's nomen could have been "Sobek", as this nomen is attested from artifacts which must belong to a king of the first half of the 13th Dynasty. Only two kings of this time period have their nomina unknown: Khabaw and Nerikare. "Sobek" may thus possibly be the nomen of Khabaw.
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The river rises below Companion Hill ()Placename Nomen # for Companion Hill = 1837Q near Saint Valentines Peak (),Placename Nomen # for Saint Valentines Peak = 19378F passes through Companion Reservoir,Placename Nomen # for Companion Reservoir = 13887Q and flows generally north into Emu Bay at Wivenhoe. The river descends over its course.
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After this long-standing error was discovered, T. semifasciata was made the valid name (as a nomen protectum) and Mustelis felis was declared invalid (as a nomen oblitum).
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The nomen novum (replacement name) Nepenthes sumagaya was published in the Autumn 2014 issue of Planta Carnivora.Cheek, M. 2014. Nomen novum Nepenthes. Planta Carnivora 36(2): 44–45.
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Catocala louiseae is given precedence per Article 23.9.2 as a nomen protectum over its disused senior subjective synonym Catocala protonympha, which becomes a nomen oblitum. & , 2001: Precedence of Catocala louiseae Bauer, 1965 as a nomen protectum over Catocala protonympha Boisduval, 1840 (Noctuidae). journal of the lepidopterists' Society, 55 (4): 171-174.
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Nomen (nomen gentile—name of the gens/ród or clan): Radwan Cognomen (name of the family sept within the gens): For example—Braniecki, Dąbrowski, Czcikowski, Dostojewski, Górski, Nicki, Zebrzydowski, etc.
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Conservation may be avoided entirely in Zoology as these names may fall in the formal category of nomen oblitum. Similarly, if the current name for a taxon is found to have an archaic or obscure prior homonym, the current name can be declared a nomen protectum (zoology) or the older name suppressed (nomen rejiciendum, botany).
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The nomen Satrienus belongs to a class of gentilicia formed from other nomina using the suffix -enus. The root of the name is Satrius, the nomen of a more prominent gens.Chase, p. 118.
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Also it is today often seen as a nomen dubium.
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"Nomen Numen" can be translated as "the name means power".
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Works and themas have a many-to-many relationship, meaning that any work can have more than one subject, and any subject can be expressed in one or more works. The same is true for the relationship between thema and nomen. A thema can be expressed in many different ways and a nomen can express many different themas, all depending on the given system. Besides these relationships, the workgroup has so far identified several other thema-thema and nomen-nomen relationships.
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The nomen gentilicium, or "gentile name", was its distinguishing feature, for a Roman citizen's nomen indicated his membership in a gens.Eratosthenes, Chronographia, cited in Michael Wood, In Search of the Trojan War (1985)Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, Book I The nomen could be derived from any number of things, such as the name of an ancestor, a person's occupation, physical appearance, behavior, or characteristics, or town of origin. Because some of these things were fairly common, it was possible for unrelated families to bear the same nomen, and over time to become confused. Persons could be adopted into a gens and acquire its nomen.
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In traditional grammatical terminology, the possessed noun in the construct state ("Queen") is the nomen regens ("governing noun"), and the possessor noun, often in the genitive case ("Sheba's"), is the nomen rectum ("governed noun").
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The nomen Orbius is derived from the cognomen Orbus, a waif or orphan.Chase, p. 131.Cassell's Latin and English Dictionary, s. v. orbus. It is the cognate of the Sabine or Oscan nomen Orfia.
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The nomen Novius is a patronymic surname, derived from the common Oscan praenomen Novius. Since both the praenomen and nomen have the same form, it can be difficult to determine in some cases whether persons named Novius bore it as a praenomen or a nomen gentilicium. In either case, the name itself establishes the Oscan origin of the Novii.Chase, pp.
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An invalidly published name is a nomen invalidum or nom. inval.; a rejected name is a nomen rejiciendum or nom. rej.; a later homonym of a validly published name is a nomen illegitimum or nom. illeg.; for a full list refer the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICNafp) and the work cited above by Hawksworth, 2010.
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The root of the nomen is probably the Oscan praenomen Paccius, which was also used as a gentile name. Pacidius would therefore be cognate with the nomen Paccius, and probably also with Pacilius.Chase, pp. 123, 128.
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The nomen Saltius might be derived from the Latin saltare, to dance. The nomen Saltorius was derived from the related saltor, a dancer.Chase, p. 131. Alternatively, Saltius might be derived from saltus, a glade or ravine.
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Rugocaudia is considered to be a nomen dubium by D'Emic and Foreman.
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As the type specimen is poorly preserved it is considered nomen dubium.
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However, this dinosaur was not officially named, and remains a nomen nudum.
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Although a nomen would long be required for official purposes, and, in isolated corners of the empire and in parts of Italy, its usage would persist into the seventh century, the nomen was generally omitted from the name (even of emperors) by the third century. Two factors encouraged its frequent non-use. Firstly, the cognomen increasingly became the distinguishing name and general name of address. As a result, "New Romans" and, under their influence, "old Romans" too, either dropped the nomen from their name or, in some cases, treated the nomen as a praenomen.
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634 ("Catius"). The nomen Catius itself may perhaps be related to a Roman divinity of that name, invoked for the purpose of granting children thoughtfulness and prudence. The nomen Cattius, found in imperial times, may be a variation.
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The nomen Orbicius belongs to a class of gentilicia formed from other names, in this instance the Latin nomen Orbius, using the suffix -icius.Chase, p. 126. Orbius is derived from the cognomen Orbus, a waif or orphan.Chase, p. 131.
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In 2004, Matthew Vickaryous e.a. therefore considered Aletopelta to be a nomen dubium.
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The nomen Stlaccius is of Oscan origin.PW, "Stlaccius" 1.Chase, pp. 127, 128.
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It is currently considered a nomen dubium as the material is so limited.
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The nomen Orbilius belongs to a class of gentilicia formed from other names, in this instance the Latin nomen Orbius, using the diminutive suffix .Chase, p. 122–123. Orbius is derived from the cognomen Orbus, a waif or orphan.Chase, p. 131.
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The nomen Manilius seems to be derived from the praenomen Manius, and so probably shares a common root with the nomen of the Manlii. This being the case, the Manilii were almost certainly of Latin origin.Chase, pp. 123, 125, 155, 156.
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In the absence of other material, it is currently a nomen dubium. Vladimir Obruchev described H. karpinskii from two teeth in 1953. He provided no distinguishing traits for this species, and thus it must be regarded as a nomen nudum.
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The nomen Hostilius is a patronymic surname, based on the praenomen Hostus, which was borne by the ancestors of the gens. The same praenomen gave rise to another gens, with the nomen Hostius. The earliest known member of the Hostilii was Hostus Hostilius, a Roman champion in the earliest days of the city. However, if he also bore the nomen Hostilius, then that name must have originated at an earlier time.
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Like her father, Agrippina the Elder avoided her nomen and was never called "Vipsania".
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The Lartii, whose nomen is also spelled Larcius and Largius, were an Etruscan family at Rome during the early years of the Republic. Their nomen is derived from the Etruscan praenomen Lars.Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. II, p.
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The nomen Reginius belongs to a class of gentilicia formed from cognomina ending in -inus.
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However, the name has yet to be formally published and so remains a nomen nudum.
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Therefore, they considered this species to be a nomen dubium, perhaps conspecific with Dasyatis acutirostra.
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The nomen Ofilius first appears in history during the period of the Samnite Wars, both as a praenomen and a nomen among the Samnites, but by the first century BC individuals of this gens are found at Rome. As a nomen, Ofilius may be regarded as a patronymic surname based on the existing praenomen, but Chase suggests a derivation from Ofella, a cognomen formed as a diminutive of offa, "a morsel".Chase, p. 124.
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Whilst Manetho gives Hellenized versions of the nomen of the kings, the ramesside lists only use the prenomen. It is therefore difficult to discern which nomen belongs with which prenomen. In addition, many ruler of later periods used the cartouche-versions of their nomen and prenomen separately in inscriptions. Thus, it is only in inscriptions that give both names side by side that these can be securely associated with any given king.
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The complex naming history can be summarised in a formal species list. The naming authors are directly mentioned behind the name. If the name has been changed, they are placed in parentheses and the authors of the changed name are mentioned behind them. The list also indicates whether a name has been insufficiently described (nomen nudum), is not taxonomically identifiable at the generic level (nomen dubium), or fallen out of use (nomen oblitum).
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The river rises below Mount Dipwood (over )Placename Nomen # for Mount Dipwood = 2129S in the Dip Range (over ),Placename Nomen # for Dip Range = 2126L and flows generally north into Bass Strait between the localities of Wiltshire and Black River. The river descends over its course.
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Professor Paul's Guide to Reptiles: Sauropterygia; plesiosaurs & their relatives: Extinct reptiles, family Rhomaleosauridae; Rhomaleosaurs: Uronautes The genus Uronautes is still considered a nomen dubium which means "dubious name". In zoological nomenclature, a nomen dubium is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application.
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In botanical nomenclature the phrase nomen dubium has no status, although it is informally used for names whose application has become confusing. In this regard however, its synonym nomen ambiguum is of more frequent use. In botany, such names may be proposed for rejection.
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The nomen Suettius is probably derived from the Latin adjective suetus, "familiar".Chase, p. 131.New College Latin and English Dictionary, s.v. suetus. Chase classifies the nomen among those gentilicia that either originated at Rome, or cannot be shown to have come from anywhere else.
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The Vetilii were probably of Etruscan origin, their nomen being Latinised from the Etruscan Vetlnei.PW, Vetilius.
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For these reasons, it has been placed incertae sedis under Indirana, or relegated to nomen inquirendum.
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Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2016-01-13. This is a nomen dubium.
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The nomen Praeconius belongs to a large class of gentilicia derived from cognomina ending in -o.
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It is not known what gens Verres belonged to, though some give him the nomen Licinius.
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130 The cognomen, as in Vespasian's family, then assumed the distinguishing function for individuals; where this happened, the cognomen replaced the praenomen in intimate address. The result was that two names remained in use for formal public address but instead of praenomen + nomen, it became nomen + cognomen.
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Lord, have mercy.' Pater Noster: Pater noster qui es in celis. Sanctificetur nomen tuum. Adveniat regnum tuum.
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The nomen Nasidienus may, in turn, have been formed from Nasidius or a similar name.Chase, p. 118.
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The nomen Rutilius is derived from the Latin cognomen Rutilus, red or reddish, which was probably borne by an ancestor of the family who had red hair. The nomen belongs to a large class of gentilicia derived from other names using the suffix '.Chase, pp. 110, 122, 123.
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The nomen Orchius belongs to a class of gentilicia that are probably not Latin, but Sabine or Oscan. It seems to be the source of the nomen Orcivius or Orchivius, formed using an irregular suffix, -ivius, to create a new name out of an existing nomen.Chase, pp. 127–128.
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In this inscription the throne name and the nomen of the king are preserved, but the nomen Gatisen is difficult to read. The same holds true for a doorjamb from the same place providing the full titulary of the king, but with the nomen only partly preserved.Khartoum 5225 The name Gatisen has been identified with Aktisanes, known from the Greek historian Hecataeus of Abdera. This identification is not certain, especially because the reading of the name as Gatisen is uncertain.
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It was first assigned to a species of Thelegnathus (now considered to be a nomen dubium), Thelegnathus spinigenis.
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It was first assigned to a species of Thelegnathus (now considered to be a nomen dubium), Thelegnathus contritus.
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It was first assigned to a species of Thelegnathus (now considered to be a nomen dubium), Thelegnathus oppressus.
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Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2015-10-08 This species is considered a nomen dubium.
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Occasional Molluscan Papers 1: 6-10. PDF , Internet Archive and the nomen nudum has been validated in 2010.
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Pandinus boschisi Caporiacco, 1937, known only from one, presumably lost specimen from Somalia, is considered a nomen dubium.
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Comonecturoides is an extinct genus of prehistoric caudate amphibians of the Morrison Formation. It is considered nomen dubium.
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The type is lost and the identity of this species is unclear. It might be a nomen dubium.
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The nomen Oclatius belongs to a class of gentilcia formed using the suffix -atius, based on place-named ending in -as or -atis, and passive participles ending in -atus. It appears to share a common root with the nomen Oclatinius, and both might be an orthographic variant of Ocratius.Chase, p. 127.
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The nomen Pacilius belongs to a class of gentilicia formed from other names, using the suffix '.Chase, pp. 123. In this case, the nomen is derived from the cognomen Pacilus, a name of Oscan origin, itself perhaps derived from the Oscan Paccius, which was used both as praenomen and gentilicium.Chase, pp.
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The nomen Steius resembles names belonging to a large class of gentilicia formed using the suffix ', which was typical of Oscan gentes.Chase, pp. 120, 121. However, because the nomen is so short, this resemblance may be superficial, with ' belonging to the root, rather than being part of a gentile-forming suffix.
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Based upon her conclusion that C. bohlini was a nomen dubium, Arbour suggested a new generic name for the second species: Crichtonpelta, for the time being an invalid nomen ex dissertatione. However, in 2015, the name was validly published and it was officially separated from the dubious type species C. bohlini.
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784 ("L. Septimuleius"). The nomen might be confused with, and may be identical to that of Septimulenus or Septumulenus.
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The nomen Albinia is probably derived from the cognomen Albinus, a lengthened form of Albus, meaning "white" or "whitish".
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Cruschedula is an enigmatic bird genus considered to be nomen dubium which consists of the single species Cruschedula revola.
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Palyentologicheskogo Obshchyestva 25:228-243 Due to the limited amount of material, it has been considered a nomen dubium.
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The nomen Praecilius belongs to a class of gentilicia typically derived from cognomina ending in the diminutive suffix -ulus.
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The nomen Publilius is a patronymic surname based on the Latin praenomen Publius, with which it is frequently confused.
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The name originates from the Roman nomen (patrician family name) Sergius, and this from a more ancient Etruscan name.
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The nomen Orfidius appears to belong to a class of gentilicia formed from other names using the suffix -idius.
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Because a Roman woman did not change her nomen when she married, her nomen alone was usually sufficient to distinguish her from every other member of the family. As Latin names had distinctive masculine and feminine forms, the nomen was sufficient to distinguish a daughter from both of her parents and all of her brothers. Thus, there was no need for a personal name unless there were multiple sisters in the same household. When this occurred, praenomina could be and frequently were used to distinguish between sisters.
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The nomen Orcivius belongs to a class of gentilicia believed to be of Sabine or Oscan origin, formed from other names using less common suffixes, in this case -ivius, which never became regular elements of Roman nomina. The name may have been formed from the nomen Orchius or Orcius.Chase, pp. 127, 128.
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The nomen Raecius appears to be of Oscan origin, indicating that the Raecii were probably descended from one of the Oscan-speaking peoples of central and southern Italy, such as the Sabines or the Samnites.Chase, p. 128. The nomen Racilia may have been derived from Raecia, using the common diminutive suffix '.Chase, pp.
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Luis Chiappe and colleagues therefore regarded it as a nomen vanum ("empty name") or at least a nomen dubium, and recommended that use of the name be abandoned.Chiappe, L.M., Ji S. and Ji Q. (2007). "Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny." American Museum Novitates, 3594: 46pp.
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It is likewise seen as a nomen dubium. In the same publication von Huene named Megalosaurus terquemi based on three teeth found near Hettingen, its specific name honouring Olry Terquem. It is seen as a nomen dubium, the fossil material probably representing some member of the Phytosauria or some other archosaur.Carrano (2012), p.
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Nomen nescio (), abbreviated to N.N., is used to signify an anonymous or unnamed person. From Latin nomen – "name", and nescio – "I do not know", it literally means "I do not know the name". The generic name Numerius Negidius used in Roman times was chosen partly because it shared initials with this phrase.
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A new name mentioned without description or indication or figure is a nomen nudum. A nomen nudum has no authorship and date, it is not an available name. If it is desired or necessary to cite the author of such an unavailable name, the nomenclatural status of the name should be made evident.
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The bulletin also originated the names Drosera henryana (a nomen nudum for the hybrid D. capensis × D. aliciae) and Sarracenia leucophylla var. pubescens (also a nomen nudum). The bulletin originated the cultivar name Nepenthes 'Fulgent Koto' and provided descriptions for the cultivars Nepenthes 'Aichi', Nepenthes 'Nagoya', Nepenthes 'Suzue Kondo', and Nepenthes 'Tokuyoshi Kondo'.
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The nomen Nasennius appears to belong to a class of names ending in -ennius and probably derived from Oscan. Chase compares it with the nomen Herennius, suggesting that each developed from an earlier form with the suffix -endius. An Oscan root points to the Nasennii originally being of Sabine or Samnite extraction.Chase, pp.
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Etymologists believe that the name Amelia is unrelated to the Latin nomen , from which originates the English birth name Emily.
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The nomen Acutius is derived from the Latin adjective acutus, sharp or intelligent.New College Latin & English Dictionary, s. v. acutus.
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Jar inscribed with the prenomen and nomen of Amenmesse. Faience, cylindrical. 19th Dynasty. From Cemetery C at el-Riqqeh, Egypt.
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Numonius Vala was a combination of family name (nomen) and cognomen used by ancient Roman men of the gens Numonia.
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The nomen Luscia appears to be formed from the cognomen Luscus, referring to someone with but one eye.Chase, p. 109.
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II, p. 1023 ("Sornum"). There was also a rare gentile name Sornius, from which the nomen might have been derived., .
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Jar inscribed with the prenomen and nomen of Amenmesse. Faience, cylindrical. 19th Dynasty. From Cemetery C at el-Riqqeh, Egypt.
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There has been some debate regarding the validity of this genus. Brett-Surman (1979) first considered it a nomen dubium, though some later workers have continued to see it as a valid taxon (Chapman et Brett Surman, 1990, for example). Most recently, Horner et al. (2004) listed the type species as a nomen dubium.
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The nomen Arpineius belongs to a class of gentilicia formed using the suffix -eius, typically formed from words or names ending in -as. The root of the nomen is the cognomen Arpinas, a surname indicating a relationship to the city of Arpinum in southern Latium, whence the ancestor of this family probably came.Chase, p. 120.
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This taxon is a nomen illegitimum and is now considered synonymous with N. northiana.Schlauer, J. N.d. Nepenthes northiana. Carnivorous Plant Database.
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Oenopota undata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae. This is a nomen dubium.
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Mangelia farina is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae. This is a nomen dubium.
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Mangelia grisea is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae. This is a nomen dubium.
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However, writing in the first century BC, Marcus Terentius Varro described it as obsolete.Liber de Praenominibus.Harper's, pp. 1101–1103 ("Nomen").RE.
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The nomen Ollius is probably another orthography of Aulius, a patronymic surname derived from the common praenomen Aulus.Chase, pp. 129, 153.
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In most contemporary texts Pupienus is referred to by his cognomen "Maximus" rather than by his second nomen (family name) Pupienus.
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Amerila lucida is a nomen nudum moth taxon of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described from Africa by Muller in 1980.
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Amerila myrrha is a nomen nudum moth taxon of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described from Africa by Muller in 1980.
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The nomen Sepullius belongs to a class of gentilicia apparently formed from cognomina ending in the diminutive suffix '.Chase, pp. 123, 124. In this case, the nomen would have derived from Sepulus or a similar name, presumably a diminutive of the old Latin praenomen Septimus, originally given to a seventh son or seventh child, or Seppius, its Oscan equivalent.
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A conserved name or nomen conservandum (plural nomina conservanda, abbreviated as nom. cons.) is a scientific name that has specific nomenclatural protection. That is, the name is retained, even though it violates one or more rules which would otherwise prevent it from being legitimate. Nomen conservandum is a Latin term, meaning "a name to be conserved".
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The nomen Opetreius appears to be a patronymic surname based on the ancient praenomen Opiter, best known as a result of its use by the gentes Verginia and Lucretia during the early Republic. The nomen Opiternius is derived from the same praenomen, and both are probably related to other gentilicia, including Oppius and Opsius.Chase, pp. 148, 149.
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The nomen Satrius belongs to a large class of gentilicia apparently of Oscan origin, which may account for why the name does not appear at Rome until the end of the Republic. The nomen Satrienus seems to have been derived from Satrius using the gentile-forming suffix -enus, which was generally applied to existing nomina.Chase, pp. 118, 127, 128.
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The nomen Scandilius belongs to a large class of gentilicia formed using the suffix -, usually from cognomina with diminutive endings such as -ilus or -ulus. The root of the name appears to be Scantillus, perhaps a diminutive of Scantius, another gentile name, which also seems to have given rise to the nomen Scantinius.Chase, pp. 122–126.
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The nomen of ancient Egyptian pharaohs was one of the "great five names". It was introduced by king Djedefre, third pharaoh of the 4th Dynasty, as an emendation to the traditional nswt-bity crest. The nomen was later separated from the prenomen to become an independent royal name.Stephen Quirke: The Cult of Ra: Sun-worship in Ancient Egypt.
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Nomen illegitimum (Latin for illegitimate name) is a technical term, used mainly in botany. It is usually abbreviated as nom. illeg. Although the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants uses Latin terms for other kinds of name (e.g. nomen conservandum for "conserved name"), the glossary defines the English phrase "illegitimate name" rather than the Latin equivalent.
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The nomen Rubrius is derived from the Latin ruber, red or ruddy. Chase classifies it among those gentilicia that either originated at Rome, or cannot be shown to have come from anywhere else.Chase, p. 131. The nomen Rubrena was probably derived from it using the suffix -enus, which was typically applied to form names from other gentilicia.
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The nomen Secundinius belongs to a class of gentilicia formed from other names using the suffix ', indicating that it was derived either from the cognomen Secundinus, or from the nomen Secundius.Chase, pp. 125, 126. Both of these in turn derive from Secundus, a name originally given to a second son or second child; Secundinus is a diminutive form.
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Bibliotheque Virtuelle Numerique pdf The name Dolichopus lepidus was declared a nomen protectum, so it has precedence over the senior synonym Dolichopus tibialis (a nomen oblitum). Dolichopus microstigma Stackelberg, 1930 was originally described as a variation of D. lepidus, and was later considered a subspecies of the species, but it is now considered a separate species.
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Raphitoma curta is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae. This species is a nomen dubium.
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Egnatius LucillusThe nomen gentile Egnatius is assumed. (died 268 AD) was a Roman senator who was appointed Consul Ordinarius in AD 265.
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The material is poorly preserved and difficult to interpret, so, after examinations of the specimens, Belinuropsis has been considered as nomen dubium.
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It was originally published in William Roxburgh's 1814 Hortus Bengalensis (as a nomen nudum) and later validated in his 1832 Flora Indica.
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Most of these derive from the dictionary of Stephanus of Byzantium. Asinius is the nomen of the gens Asinia of ancient Rome.
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Linnaeus emphasized that this was simply a matter of convenience, it was not to replace the diagnostic nomen specificum. But over time the nomen triviale became the “real” name and the nomen specificum became the Latin “diagnosis” that must, according to the rules of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, accompany the description of all new plant species: it was that part of the plant description distinguishing that particular species from all others. Linnaeus did not invent the binomial system but he was the person who provided the theoretical framework that lead to its universal acceptance. The second word of the binomial, the nomen triviale as Linnaeus called it, is now known as the specific epithet and the two words, the generic name and specific epithet together make up the species name.
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The specific name means "thick tooth" in Latin. The genus is solely based on some conical teeth and often considered a nomen dubium.
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26, art. 2, p. 361-414. MacDonald (1956) recognized Alticamelus as a nomen dubium and erected Aepycamelus for species previously assigned to Alticamelus.
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The nomen Gallius might be derived from Gallus, a common surname that can refer either to a cock or someone of Gallic origin.
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Alopecosa strandi is a wolf spider species in the genus Alopecosa found in Romania and Ukraine. Some sources have it as nomen dubium.
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Cythara glareosa is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae. This species is considered a nomen dubium.
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Cythara coniformis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae. This species is considered a nomen dubium.
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Cythara hanleyi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae. This species is considered a nomen dubium.
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Cythara milia is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae. This species is considered a nomen dubium.
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Cythara oriza is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae. This species is considered a nomen dubium.
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Cythara thetis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae. This species is considered a nomen dubium.
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Cythara triticea is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae. This species is considered a nomen dubium.
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Cythara paucicostata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae. This species is considered a nomen dubium.
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The Lartii, whose nomen is also spelled Larcius and Largius, were an Etruscan family at Rome during the early years of the Republic.
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Linnaeus emphasized that this was simply a matter of convenience, it was not to replace the diagnostic nomen specificum. But over time the nomen triviale became the “real” name and the nomen specificum became the Latin “diagnosis” that must, according to the rules of the International Code of Nomenclature, accompany the description of all new plant species: it was that part of the plant description distinguishing that particular species from all others. Linnaeus did not invent the binomial system but he was the person who provided the theoretical framework that lead to its universal acceptance.Svenson, Henry K. 1953.
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470 BC The most important of these names was the nomen gentilicium, or simply nomen, a hereditary surname that identified a person as a member of a distinct gens. This was preceded by the praenomen, or "forename", a personal name that served to distinguish between the different members of a family. For example, a Roman named Publius Lemonius might have sons named Publius, Lucius, and Gaius Lemonius. Here, Lemonius is the nomen, identifying each person in the family as a member of the gens Lemonia; Publius, Lucius, and Gaius are praenomina used to distinguish between them.
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The nomen Servaeus belongs to a class of gentilicia formed with the suffix ', which was typical among families of Oscan or Umbrian derivation.Chase, p. 120. The root resembles and may be cognate with the Latin praenomen Servius, meaning one who "keeps safe" or "preserves". In this case, Servaeus is most likely an Oscan or Umbrian cognate of the more common nomen Servilius.
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Nomen are black-coated shaggy creatures that lumber on all fours in preference to an upright gait. They are crafty nocturnal hunters who prefer small packs to seeking prey alone. Their hands are clawed, and their eyes are red and seemingly glow in the dark. Nomen will drop on unwary travelers from a forest canopy rather than attempt a direct confrontation.
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The nomen of this gens, Oppidius, belongs to a class of gentilicia formed from other names, in this case Oppius, by means of the suffix -idius.Chase, pp. 121, 122. The root of the nomen is probably op-, "help", which occurs in the name of the goddess Ops, as well as the gentes Opsia, Opsidia, and Opsilia,Chase, pp. 121–123.
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On the western side of the pedestal it says: Sic Deus dilexit Mundum ut suum Filium unigenitum daret pro nobis. On the eastern side: Ecce nomen super omne nomen et omne and genuflectatur and on the northern side: Hic quem videtis true solus Dominus Noster est et our glory. Branda Scotus fecit. This monument is also known as Brugherio Cross, or House Scotti.
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The nomen Sextilius is a patronymic surname, derived from the praenomen Sextus. The nomen of the gens Sextia was derived from the same name, much as the praenomen Quintus gave rise to the gentes Quinctia and Quinctilia.Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, Editor.George Davis Chase, "The Origin of Roman Praenomina", in Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, vol.
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The prenomen and nomen were contained in a cartouche. The prenomen often followed the King of Upper and Lower Egypt (nsw bity) or Lord of the Two Lands (nebtawy) title. The prenomen often incorporated the name of Re. The nomen often followed the title Son of Re (sa-ra) or the title Lord of Appearances (neb-kha).Dodson, Aidan and Hilton, Dyan.
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Hyla palliata is a nomen inquirendum or nomen dubium that could refer to some species of Boana, a genus of treefrogs. It was originally given by Edward Drinker Cope in 1863 to a specimen (holotype) collected from an unspecific location in Paraguay. The specimen is now lost and it is not possible to assign this name to any known species.
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The nomen Racilius belongs to a large class of gentilicia formed from other names using the suffix '. Such names were frequently, but not always derived from diminutives ending in -ulus or -ilus, but so abundant were names of this type that ' came to be regarded as a regular gentile-forming suffix. Here, Racilius seems to be formed from another nomen, Raecius.Chase, pp.
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Francisco Noronha described the genus Brexia before his death in 1788, although this name was only properly published by Thouars in 1806. Jean- Baptiste Lamarck described the same species as Venana madagascariensis in 1797. In 1823, John Bellenden Ker Gawler assigned this taxon to Brexia, creating the combination Brexia madagascariensis. Later, Brexia (the nomen conservandum) was given priority over Venana (nomen rejectum).
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An. Cong. Bras. Geol. 1971: 297-305. [In Portuguese] Other researchers have considered this species as either, a nomen dubium, or an indeterminate titanosaur.
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Olivella lindae is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Olivellidae, the dwarf olives. This is a nomen nudum.
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Olivella mica is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Olivellidae, the dwarf olives. It is a nomen dubium.
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In zoological nomenclature, a nomen dubium (Latin for "doubtful name", plural nomina dubia) is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application.
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The gens Appia was a plebeian family at Rome. Its nomen, Appius, is a patronymic surname based on the praenomen Appius.Chase, pp. 151, 152.
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Hyla surinamensis is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is known only by Daudin's illustration, so is considered a nomen dubium.
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The nomen Priscius is derived from the common cognomen Priscus, old or elder.Chase, p. 111.New College Latin & English Dictionary, s. vv. priscus, Priscus.
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Teinurosaurus was considered by von Huene to be a member Coeluridae, but is now generally seen as a nomen dubium at Averostra incertae sedis.
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The name Octavius Januarius contains the nomen Octavius and cognomen Januarius, that may refer to the gens Octavia - the family name of Emperor Augustus.
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This is a list of Roman nomina. Each nomen is for a gens, originally a single family, but later more of a political grouping.
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Rissoina erythraea is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Rissoinidae. This is a nomen dubium.
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Funa spectrum is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Pseudomelatomidae, the turrids and allies. This is a nomen dubium.
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The nomen Tanicius seems to belong to a class of gentilicia formed from cognomina ending in ' or ', but no corresponding surname is known.Chase, p. 126.
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A 2015 overview of extinct crocodyliforms from the former Soviet Union and adjacent countries treated Manracosuchus as a nomen dubium referable to Crocodylia incertae sedis.
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Turbo pustulatus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. This has become a nomen dubium.
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Tanystrosuchus is considered to be a nomen dubium for that reason.Rauhut, O.M.W. & Hungerbühler, A. (2000) "A review of European Triassic theropods." Gaia, 15: 75-88.
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Nominalization of verbs (the paradigm example being qātal, קטל) by forming a feminine nomen actionis (qətîlāh, קטלה) is common in MH, but rare in SBH.
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Bebiankh's nomen was also found on a bronze dagger found in Naqada and now in the British Museum, under the catalog number BM EA 66062.
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The nomen Scaevinius belongs to a class of gentilicia formed using the suffix -inius, typically derived from cognomina ending in -inus. The root of the name is probably Scaevinus, although -inius came to be regarded as a regular gentile-forming suffix, and might have been applied directly to Scaevius, an existing gentile name. The nomen Scaevilius seems to have arisen in the same manner.Chase, pp. 123–126.
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His son's nomen would have been Valerius, and his daughter's Valeria. Male members of his gens were collectively called Valerii, and female members Valeriae. If a member of the gens were adopted into another family, he would assume the nomen of that gens, followed by the cognomen Valerianus. In the following list, "I" and "J" are treated as separate letters, as are "U" and "V".
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Siaspiqa is well attested by numerous finds, the majority of which come from Nuri. These include a libation jar uncovered in the chapel of his pyramid which bears his throne name and nomen,Museum object reference: Khartoum 1861. a heart-scarab and a large granite stela inscribed with a funerary text and bearing only his nomen preceded by the traditional Sa Ra epithet.Museum object reference: Khartoum 1868.
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The orthography of the nomen Verginius or Virginius has been disputed since ancient times; but Verginius is the form usually found in both manuscripts and inscriptions. Modern writers seem to favor Virginius, perhaps by analogy to virgo, a maiden. A similar instance is presented by the nomen Vergilius, which in modern times is often spelt Virgilius.Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, Editor.
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Current taxonomy follows that of Georges & Thomson, 2010 with updates from van Dijk et al. 2014. Synonymous names for the Chelodina Fitzinger 1826 genus include: Hydraspis Bell 1828, Chelyodina Agassiz 1846:79 (nomen novum), Hesperochelodina Wells and Wellington 1985 (nomen nudum). The type species for the Chelodina subgenus is Chelodina longicollis (Shaw, 1794). The type species for the Chelydera subgenus is Chelodina parkeri Rhodin and Mittermeier 1976.
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The nomen Satellius belongs to a class of gentilicia formed mainly from cognomina ending in the diminutive suffixes -illus and -ellus. There is no evidence of a surname Satellus, so the nomen is probably derived from satelles, an attendant, follower, or by extension, a bodyguard; the same word is the source of the English satellite.Chase, p. 124.New College Latin & English Dictionary, s. v. satelles.
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It is a nomen dubium.Carrano (2012), p 257 In 1869 Eugène Eudes-Deslongchamps named Megalosaurus insignis, the "significant", based on a theropod tooth found near La Hève in Normandy that was twelve centimetres long, a third longer than the teeth of M. bucklandii. The name at first remained a nomen nudum, but a description was provided, in 1870, by Gustave Lennier. Today, it is considered a nomen dubium, an indeterminate member of the Theropoda, the specimen having in 1944 been destroyed by a bombardment. In 1870, Jean-Baptiste Greppin named Megalosaurus meriani based on specimen MH 350, a premaxillary tooth found near Moutier and part of the collection of Peter Merian.
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The designation nomen oblitum has been used relatively frequently to keep the priority of old, sometimes disused names, and, controversially, often without establishing that a name actually meets the criteria for the designation. Some taxonomists have regarded the failure to properly establish the nomen oblitum designation as a way to avoid doing taxonomic research or to retain a preferred name regardless of priority. When discussing the taxonomy of North American birds, Rea (1983) stated that "...Swainson's [older but disused] name must stand unless it can be demonstrated conclusively to be a nomen oblitum (a game some taxonomists play to avoid their supposed fundamental principle, priority)."REA, A.M. (1983).
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Syria or Palestine, or from the cult of IsisDescription from Walters Art Museum Like other major Roman deities, Venus was given a number of epithets that referred to her different cult aspects, roles, and her functional similarities to other deities. Her "original powers seem to have been extended largely by the fondness of the Romans for folk-etymology, and by the prevalence of the religious idea nomen-omen which sanctioned any identifications made in this way."See Eden, p. 457. For further exposition of nomen-omen (or nomen est omen) see Del Bello, Davide, Forgotten paths: etymology and the allegorical mindset, The Catholic University of America Press, 2007, p.
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It is a nomen dubium, and may be the same animal as Lufengosaurus (from which it is anagramized). It was originally thought to be a lizard.
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18, 19.Sallust, Historiae, ii. The nomen Herennius appears to be a patronymic surname, as Herennius was an Oscan praenomen. The Marii were their hereditary clientes.
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The nomen Saufeius belongs to a large class of gentilicia formed using the suffix -eius, the majority of which were of Oscan derivation.Chase, pp. 120, 121.
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"Dolichosoma" has been considered to be a nomen nudum because the holotype was inadequately described through a layer of matrix by Thomas Henry Huxley in 1867.
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Paleontographica 49: 1-72. as such until diagnostic material is discovered Neustosaurus is considered nomen dubium.Buffetaut, E. 1982. Radiation évolutive, paléoécologie et biogéographie des Crocodiliens mésosuchienes.
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The nomen Rusonius belongs to a class of gentilicia formed primarily from cognomina ending in -o, in this case Ruso, of uncertain meaning.Chase, pp. 118–120.
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Mordellistena annuligaster is a beetle in the family Mordellidae. It was described as a nomen novum by Maurice Pic in 1936 based on material from Sumatra, Indonesia.
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A forthcoming research paper opines that the remains of Laelaps macropus are a mixture of non-diagnostic tyrannosauroid and ornithomimid elements, rendering the species a nomen dubium.
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3, 11–19 The name is also regarded as a nomen dubium, because the fragmentary remains are not sufficiently diagnostic to refer future other fossils to it.
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A fifth species of Tapinocephalus AZ gorgonopsian, Broomisaurus planiceps, is probably also synonymous, but it is currently a nomen dubium due to its poor state of preparation.
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The nomen Arruntius is a patronymic surname, based on the Etruscan praenomen Arruns, which must have been borne by the ancestor of the gens.Chase, pp. 129, 135.
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Below is a cladogram from McDonald et al., 2018. A study in 2020 determined Dynamoterror to be a nomen dubium due to the holotype's undiagnostic, fragmentary nature.
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The family Asphodelaceae was made a nomen conservandum (conserved name) in 2017. Previously, the name Xanthorrhoeaceae had priority. This was anticipated in the APG IV family lists.
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Nothing is known of Successianus's origins or his date of birth. The absence of any evidence as to his nomen means that onomastic analysis cannot be applied.
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They concluded that the specimen was too poorly preserved in its current state to be properly comparable to other temnospondyls and designated it as a nomen dubium.
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The nomen Servius derives from the praenomen Servius, without a change in form; this causes the two names to be easily confused.Chase, p. 131. Chase classifies it among those gentilicia that either originated at Rome, or cannot be shown to have come from anywhere else. The praenomen was probably derived from servare, "to protect" or "keep safe", and presumably the Servii obtained their nomen from an ancestor of this name.
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The nomen Ranius resembles other gentilicia formed using the suffix -anius, typically derived from place names and cognomina ending in -anus.Chase, p. 118. No corresponding location or surname is known, but the root of the nomen resembles rana, a frog, and as a cognomen could have belonged to a common class of surnames derived from the names of familiar animals and objects.New College Latin & English Dictionary, s. v. rana.
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Today, this is either referred to Ceratosaurus or seen as a nomen dubium, an indeterminate member of the Ceratosauria. In 1871, Emanuel Bunzel named remains found near Schnaitheim Megalosaurus schnaitheimi. It is a nomen nudum, the fossils possibly belonging to Dakosaurus maximus. In 1876, J. Henry, a science teacher at Besançon, in a published dissertation named four Late Triassic possible dinosaur teeth found near Moissey Megalosaurus obtusus, "the blunt one".
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The nomen Paccius is a patronymic surname, derived from an Oscan praenomen, found as Paccius or Paquius, frequently found among the Samnites.Chase, p. 139. The Roman Paccii would therefore seem to have been of Samnite, or at least Oscan descent. Because the praenomen and the gentile name shared the same form, it is difficult to determine in some cases whether the name was the bearer's praenomen or nomen.
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The development of the nomen as the second element of the Italic name cannot be attributed to a specific period or culture. From the earliest period it was common to both the Indo- European speaking Italic peoples and the Etruscans. The historian Livy relates the adoption of Silvius as a nomen by the kings of Alba Longa in honour of their ancestor, Silvius.Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita i. 3.
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This list of lobe-finned fish is a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the class Sarcopterygii, excluding purely vernacular terms and Tetrapods. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful (nomen dubium), or were not formally published (nomen nudum), as well as junior synonyms. Extant genera are bolded. All non-bolded genera are extinct.
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The Golden falcon (bik-nbw) name is not well understood. The prenomen and nomen were introduced later and are traditionally enclosed in a cartouche. By the Middle Kingdom, the official titulary of the ruler consisted of five names; Horus, Nebty, Golden Horus, nomen, and prenomenIan Shaw, The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, Oxford University Press 2000, p. 477 for some rulers, only one or two of them may be known.
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A name may also be considered a nomen dubium if its name-bearing type is fragmentary or lacking important diagnostic features (this is often the case for species known only as fossils). To preserve stability of names, the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature allows a new type specimen, or neotype, to be chosen for a nomen dubium in this case. > 75.5. Replacement of unidentifiable name-bearing type by a neotype.
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From a large number of inscriptions found there, it seems probable that the Selicii originated at the ancient Latin town of Praeneste, about twenty-two miles east of Rome. The nomen Selicius belongs to a class of gentilicia formed primarily from words or names ending in -ex. The root of this nomen appears to be selectus, chosen, for which Selex may have been a cognominal variant.Chase, p. 126.
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Betasuchus is known only from a single incomplete femur, so its exact relationships with other theropods have been difficult to determine. In 1972 Dale Russell confirmed Von Huene's opinion that Betasuchus was an ornithomimosaurid, but also considered the name a nomen vanum: a failed emendation. Some workers in reference to the material still use M. bredai instead of Betasuchus. David Norman in 1990 listed Megalosaurus bredai as a nomen dubium.
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The nomen Terentilius belongs to a large class of gentilicia derived from other names, typically cognomina ending in diminutive suffixes such as -ulus and -illus.Chase, pp. 122–124. Here the name may be formed from another nomen, Terentius, for which the diminutive Terentillus is found. The antiquarian Varro, himself a member of the Terentia gens, derived this name from terenus, a Sabine word meaning "soft",Macrobius, ii. 9.
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It seems probable that the nomen Novellius belongs to a class of gentilicia formed either from diminutives of other names, or from cognomina, using the suffix -ellius. In this case, the nomen is apparently derived from the Oscan praenomen Novius, marking the Novellii as a family of Oscan origin.Chase, pp. 122–124. The greatest number of Novellii known from extant inscriptions lived in Mediolanum and the province of Cisalpine Gaul.
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In all probability, the nomen Numisius is merely a different orthography of Numicius, although this does not establish which is the original form. Numicius appears to belong to a class of gentilicia formed from other names ending in -ex, -icis, or -icus, which took -icius as a suffix. But if Numisius is the true orthography, then the nomen is probably derived from the praenomen Numerius.Chase, pp. 126–128.
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The nomen Calidius is probably derived from the Latin adjective calidus, which may be translated as "warm, hot, fiery," or "passionate".D.P. Simpson, Cassell's Latin & English Dictionary (1963).
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The nomen Cestius seems to be derived from the cognomen Cestus, referring to an open-fingered boxing glove, or to a girdle. The Cestii probably of Latin origin.
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Lamia bidens is a nomen dubium species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1775. It is described from Australia.BioLib.cz - Lamiinae.
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Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 99: 541-560. The paucity of material associated with the genus has led Colossoemys to be considered a nomen dubium.
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Mesozoic Meanderings 2, pp. 1-268 However, Remes in 2006 concluded that B. gracilis had been a nomen nudum, neither holotype nor diagnosis having been provided in 1980.
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Onchidella carpenteri is a species of air-breathing sea slug, a shell-less marine pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Onchidiidae. It is considered by WoRMS a nomen dubium.
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Oenopota multicostata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies. This species is considered a nomen dubium.
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One of his printing devices was a tower on a rocky island, with the motto Turris fortitudinis nomen domini (The name of the lord is a tower of strength).
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The nomen Scutarius belongs to a class of gentilicia derived from occupations; a scutarius was a shield- maker.Chase, pp. 111, 112.New College Latin & English Dictionary, s. v. scutarius.
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Parasqualodon is an extinct genus of toothed whale from the Oligocene. It contains a single species, Parasqualodon wilkinsoni. It has been suggested that the taxon constitutes a nomen dubium.
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The hieroglyphs forming the nomen itself were placed inside the cartouche.Jürgen von Beckerath: Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen (= Münchner Ägyptologische Studien, vol. 49). von Zabern, Mainz 1999, , p. 25–27.
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In ancient Egyptian grammar, a filiative nomen (plural filiative nomina) is a name, typically of a pharaoh, that incorporates the name(s) of the person's father and possibly grandfather.
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Little is known of the Pedii and their origin. The nomen Pedius might be derived from the cognomen Pedo, a name referring to someone with broad feet.Chase, p. 110.
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Taxon Leuconostoc citrovorum (Hammer) Hucker and Pederson 1931 was rejected in 1971 as nomen dubium by the Judicial Commission of International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (in Opinion 45).
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Cythara citharoedus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.Worldwide Mollusk Species Data Base: Cythara caimitica This species is considered a nomen dubium.
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Cythara diconus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.Worldwide Mollusc Species Data Base: Cythara diconus This species is considered a nomen dubium.
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Nomen, 66, 1-6. It was not until 1824 that Cuvier formally named the species. He referred both to the genus Mastodon, calling them M. andium and M. humboldtii.
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Both synonymizations are now rejected. Philaeus manicus is treated as a separate species in the genus Nigorella, N. manica. Euophrys plebeja is regarded as a doubtful name (nomen dubium).
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The Roman Emperors usually had the titles of "Imperator Caesar Augustus" in their names. (which made their regnal names) Caesar came from the cognomen of Gaius Julius Caesar, Imperator meant Commander and Augustus meant venerable or majestic. The name usually went in two ways, Imperator (Praenomen, Nomen and Cognomen) Caesar Augustus or Imperator Caesar (Praenomen, Nomen and Cognomen) Augustus. Also, Imperator became a Praenomen of Roman Emperors, Augustus and Caesar became a cognomen of theirs.
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This list of plesiosaurs is a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the order Plesiosauria, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful (nomen dubium), or were not formally published (nomen nudum), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered plesiosaurs. The list currently includes 190 genera.
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According to Ryholt, Djedkheperew was a brother of his predecessor Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw and a son of pharaoh Hor Awibre. Ryholt based his conclusion on the seals from Uronarti and the Bed of Osiris. The seals show that Khabaw and Djedkheperew reigned closely in time, while what remains of the name of Djedkheperew on the Bed of Osiris shows that his nomen started with hrw. This suggests that Djedkheperew's nomen indicated his filiation to Hor.
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Many authors prefer Onchidorus Blainville, 1816 as the valid name for the genus, changed to Onchidoris (Winckworth, 1932; Bouchet & Tardy, 1976; Thompson & Brown, 1976; Cattaneo & Barletta, 1984). According to Pruvot-Fol (1954) however this latter is a nomen nudum, while the elder synonym Villiersia is a nomen oblitum (see also Abbott, 1974). This is why Odhner (1907), Pruvot-Fol (1954), Swennen (1961) and Abbott (1974) are followed in the use of Lamellidoris Alder & Hancock, 1855.
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The nomen Popillius resembles other names ending in -illius and -ellius, which were generally formed directly from cognomina, but perhaps, like Poplius, it should be classified with those ending in -ilus, typically formed from other names and words ending in -ulus, which could, like Popillius, be spelled with either a single or double 'l'. This suggests that the root of the nomen is the Latin word populus, the people.Chase, pp. 122–124.
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Quilmesaurus is a genus of carnivorous theropod dinosaur from the Patagonian Upper Cretaceous (Campanian stage) of Argentina. It was a member of Abelisauridae, closely related to genera such as Carnotaurus. The only known remains of this genus are leg bones which share certain similarities to a variety of abelisaurids. However, these bones lack unique features, which may render Quilmesaurus a nomen vanum (more commonly known as a nomen dubium, or "dubious name").
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However, because he did not provide a description of the fossils, the name was a Nomen nudum (nacked name) until Dong Zhiming published a short description in 1992. Since then, the authorship is correctly cited as "Chinshakiangosaurus chunghoensis Ye vide Dong, 1992". After Dongs description, this genus, though potentially valid, remained unnoticed by most paleontologists. It was mentioned by Upchurch and colleagues (2004), who classified it as a nomen dubium inside Sauropoda.
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The nomen Nymphidius is clearly not of Roman origin, being derived from the Greek name Nymphis, presumably borne by an ancestor of the Nymphidii. The earliest known member of the family was a freedwoman, Nymphidia, who perhaps was descended from an earlier Nymphis. The nomen falls within a class of gentilicia formed using the suffix -idius, although in this case because the stem of Nymphis is Nymphid-, rather than because it ended in -idus.Chase, pp.
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Rufus, red, was typically given to someone with red hair, and this choice of cognomen may have been influenced by the fact that the nomen Rutilius has the same meaning.
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The nomen Rustius seems to belong to a class of gentilicia of Umbrian derivation.Chase, pp. 128, 129., and one of the Rustii held high office at Interamnia Nahars in Umbria.
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The nomen Rusius, found in a handful of authors and inscriptions, may be an error for Rustius, as may Ruscius, although the latter may have been a variant of Roscius.
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Cythara anthera is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.Worldwide Mollusk Species Data Base: Cythara anthera This species is considered a nomen dubium.
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Cythara caimitica is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.Worldwide Mollusk Species Data Base: Cythara caimitica This species is considered a nomen dubium.
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Cythara polygona is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.Worldwide Mollusk Species Data Base: Cythara polygona This species is considered a nomen dubium.
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The right thighbone has a length of about fifty centimetres. In 2019, no autapomorphies nor a unique combination of traits could be established. That would make Orthomerus a nomen dubium.
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The nomen Suedius belongs to a class of gentilicia formed using the suffix ' or ', originally based on names ending in ', but later applied to other names without regard to morphology.
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Lull, R.S. & Wright, N.E. (1942). "Hadrosaurian dinosaurs of North America." Geological Society of America Special Papers, 40: 1-272. It has been generally ignored as a nomen dubium ever since.
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Handbuch der Palaeoherpetologie Teil 18. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart. 124 pp. but they were later recognized as hadrosaurid tracks and their description deemed inadequate, with Tyrannosauropus regarded as a nomen dubium.
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Putillosaurus sennikovi is an extinct species of synapsids which existed in Russia during the Lower Triassic, but the description was based solely on a premaxilla, and is considered a nomen dubium.
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Nassarius crenulatus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Nassariidae, the Nassa mud snails or dog whelks. This species name has become a nomen dubium.
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Fusus cygneus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Fasciolariidae, the spindle snails, the tulip snails and their allies. This species is a nomen dubium.
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2 XV. Paris: Deterville, p. 406 (ii). but this description is nowadays seen as a nomen nudum. Hence, the description by John Edward Gray in 1831 is considered the valid description.
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Nomen mysticum is a Latin term meaning "mystical name". It is the name that a member of a mystical organization is given once they are a confirmed member of that organization.
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The nomen Staberius is probably of Oscan origin. Chase classifies it among those names that did not originate at Rome, but were of Oscan, Umbrian, or Picentine derivation.Chase, pp. 128, 129.
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Today it is seen as a nomen dubium, an indeterminate member of the Theropoda. In 1965, Oskar Kuhn renamed Zanclodon silesiacus Jaekel 1910 into Megalosaurus? silesiacus.Kuhn, O. (1965). "Saurischia (Supplementum 1)".
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This species was formerly known as Gymnopilus spectabilis, or Pholiota spectabilis v. junonia (Fr.) J.E Lange. The 'Gymn' in the present nomen means 'naked', and 'Juno' was the wife of Jupiter.
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Ornipholidotos muhata is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The species is treated as a nomen dubium by Libert in 2005.
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The only cognomen associated with the Apronii is Caesianus, which is probably derived from the nomen of the gens Caesia, and may indicate descent from the Caesii through the female line.
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They included Quilmesaurus among the furileusaurians. Valieri et al. (2007) were unable to establish a single autapomorphy (distinctive or unique trait) of the taxon, concluding that Quilmesaurus were a nomen vanum.
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In 2016, the new animal was named Spiclypeus, and the authors stated that it may be identical to Ceratops, which they considered a nomen dubium, or a growth stage of Albertaceratops.
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The nomen Sabinius belongs to a large class of gentilicia formed from surnames ending in -inus. Sabinus was a common surname, originally designating someone of Sabine descent.Chase, pp. 114, 125, 126.
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The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful (nomen dubium), or were not formally published (nomen nudum), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered dinosaurs. Many listed names have been reclassified as everything from true birds to crocodilians to petrified wood. The list contains 1630 names, of which approximately 1224 are considered either valid dinosaur genera or nomina dubia.
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The nomen Seppius is a patronymic surname derived from the Oscan praenomen Seppiis or Seppius, cognate with the rare Latin praenomen Septimus, and its more common derivative, the nomen Septimius. The root of all these names is the numeral seven, which in the earliest period would have been given either to a seventh child or seventh son, or to a child born in the month of September, originally the seventh month of the Roman calendar.Chase, pp. 150, 151.
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Chase, pp. 121–123. The common root of all three nomina is op-, "help", found in the name of the goddess Ops, as well as the praenomen Opiter, and the derived patronymics Opiternius and Opetreius, and the nomen Oppius.Chase, pp. 148, 149. Most of these names are thought to be of Sabine or Samnite origin, and in some writers we find the nomen Obsidius, apparently an orthographic variation of Opsidius, among the Frentani, a Samnite people.Chase, pp.
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It was named by Soviet paleontologist Anatoly Riabinin in 1938, and was the first sauropod species from Kazakhstan. It was reported from a certain locality in the Kyzylkum Desert, but the exact location is unknown. It may have come from the Syuksyuk Formation (originally described as Dabrazinskaya Svita) which dates to the Santonian stage of the Late Cretaceous. Other researchers have considered it as either, Titanosauridae incertae sedis, as a nomen dubium, or as a nomen nudem.
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There is no trace of a cognomen Pasidus, so the original root of the nomen is unclear, unless it is treated as an orthographic variant of Pacidius, in which case the root may be the Oscan praenomen Paccius.Chase, pp. 128, 139. In any case, Pasidius seems to be the source for another nomen, Pasidienus, derived from Pasidius using the gentile-forming suffix -enus, not normally found in names of Latin origin, but typical of names from Picenum and Umbria.
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With the Constitutio Antoniniana in 212, the emperor Caracalla granted Roman citizenship to all free inhabitants of the empire. It had long been the expectation that when a non-Roman acquired citizenship he, as part of his enfranchisement, took on a Roman name.Salway, p.133 With the mass enfranchisement of 212, the new citizens adopted the nomen "Aurelius" in recognition of Caracalla’s beneficence (the emperor's full name was Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus Augustus, with Aurelius as the nomen).
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In the seventies, Samuel Paul Welles and Jaime Emilio Powell prepared a study on European theropods, planning to name a separate genus "Walkersaurus". Their manuscript remained unpublished but in 1994 and 1995 Stephan Pickering divulged parts of it, also containing the name "Walkersaurus hesperis".Pickering, S., 1995. "Jurassic Park: Unauthorized Jewish Fractals in Philopatry" in: A Fractal Scaling in Dinosaurology Project, 2nd revised printing, Capitola, California This is generally considered an invalid nomen nudum or nomen non rite publicatum.
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The nomen Postumulenus belongs to a class of names formed primarily from other gentilicia, using the suffix -enus.Chase, p. 118. In this case, the nomen is a lengthened form of Postumius, derived from the old Latin praenomen Postumus. This name is derived from the adjective postremus, "hindmost" or "last", and originally referred to a last-born child, although in later times it was confused with posthumus, "after burial", being applied to children born after their fathers' death.
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It was not until 1999 that the dinosaur finally received an official name. Sereno (1999) used the name Chaoyangsaurus in an overview of ceratopsian taxonomy. Once again, that name was a nomen nudum. However, in December of that year, Cheng, Zhao, and Xu published an official description using the name Chaoyangsaurus youngi, and as the first name for this genus that is not a nomen nudum, it has official priority over all other spellings that have been used.
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68 ("Publius Ovidius Naso"). The nomen Ovidius would seem to belong to a class of gentilicia formed from other names using the common name-forming suffix -idius, in which case it might be a patronymic surname based on the Oscan praenomen Ovius. Alternatively, the name might have been derived from a cognomen Ovis, referring to a sheep. Chase also mentions a nomen Ofidius, an orthographic variant of Aufidius, derived from the river Aufidus; Ovidius could perhaps be another orthography.
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The Lartii were one of several noble families of Etruscan origin during the early Republic. The nomen Lartius is a patronymic surname, based on the Etruscan praenomen Lars. This name, meaning "lord", is usually spelled Larth in Etruscan inscriptions, but Latin writers also used Lars in place of the Etruscan praenomina Laris and Larce, apparently distinct names in Etruscan. The nomen is always spelled Lartius in Livius, while Dionysius alternates between Λάρκιος, Larcius and Λάργιος, Largius.
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The nomen Salvidius belongs to a large class of gentilicia formed using the suffix -idius. This termination originally applied to surnames ending in -idus, but over time it became so familiar that it came to be regarded as a regular gentile-forming suffix, and was applied even in cases where it was not orthographically justified. The root of the name is Salvius, a common Oscan praenomen. The nomen Salvidienus was formed from Salvidius using the suffix -enus.
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Polyptychodon (meaning 'shaped fin tooth') is a genus of pliosaurid found Middle-Late Cretaceous marine deposits in southern England and Patagonia. It has been considered a nomen dubium in a 2016 review.
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Bela fortis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies. The name of this species is considered a nomen dubium.
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She later became assistant professor at C.W. Post Long Island University (LIU Post).Finger im Staub. Nomen est omen: Eine Dame namens Love entdeckte den Tempel der Liebe. Der Spiegel 4/1970.
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In 1989, the name was mistakenly published before the description, making it a nomen nudum. Later examination of the sternum by Hume showed that Rodriguites microcarina was identical to the Rodrigues starling.
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The nomen Silicius belongs to a class of gentilicia derived from words ending in -ex. The apparent root, silex, refers to flint.Chase, p. 126.New College Latin & English Dictionary, s. v. silex.
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The nomen Sertorius is a patronymic surname, derived from the rare praenomen Sertor. Chase suggests that it was the equivalent of servator, meaning "one who protects" or "preserves".Liber de Praenominibus.Chase, pp.
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Nepenthes mapuluensis is extremely rare in cultivation. It has been artificially crossed with N. ventricosa to produce the hybrid Nepenthes × mapulucosa Hort.Westphal in sched. (2000), although this name is a nomen nudum.
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II, p. 896 ("Maenia Gens"). In some manuscripts, the nomen Maenius appears to have been erroneously substituted for Menenius or Manlius; there are also instances of confusion with Manilius, Maelius, and Maevius.
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Quintus (Hedius) Lollianus Plautius AvitusThe nomen gentile “Hedius” is assumed. (fl. late 2nd to early 3rd century AD) was a Roman military officer and senator who was appointed consul in AD 209.
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This dinosaur was described in a report in the journal Acta Geologica Sinica by Chinese paleontologist Zhao Xijin and colleagues. Xuanhuaceratops had previously been mentioned in press as "Xuanhuasaurus", a nomen nudum.
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The nomen Sariolenus belongs to a class of gentilicia derived from other names using the suffix -enus. The root of the name should be Sariolus, perhaps a diminutive of Sarius.Chase, p. 118.
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A nomen oblitum (plural: nomina oblita; Latin for "forgotten name") is a technical term, used in zoological nomenclature, for a particular kind of disused scientific name. In its present meaning, the nomen oblitum came into being with the fourth, 1999, edition of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. After 1 January 2000, a scientific name may be formally declared to be a nomen oblitum when it has been shown not to have been used as a valid name within the scientific community since 1899, and when it is either a senior synonym (there is also a more recent name which applies to the same taxon, and which is in common use) or a homonym (it is spelled the same as another name, which is in common use), and when the preferred junior synonym or homonym has been shown to be in wide use in 50 or more publications in the past few decades. Once a name has formally been declared to be a nomen oblitum, the disused name is to be 'forgotten'.
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Pontogeneus (nomen dubium). Retrieved April 2013. is a genus of extinct cetacean known from fossils recovered from Late Eocene sediments (Bartonian- Priabonian stages) of the southeastern United States (most notably Alabama and Florida).
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Columbella erythraeensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Columbellidae, the dove snails. This is a nomen dubium, a name that is of unknown or doubtful application.
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Columbella nomanensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Columbellidae, the dove snails. This is a nomen dubium, a name that is of unknown or doubtful application.
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Zizhongosaurus was originally assigned to the Cetiosaurinae but later authors have placed it in either the Vulcanodontidae, as a relative of Barapasaurus, or the Shunosaurinae. It is today often considered a nomen dubium.
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It is a nomen dubium, a possible carcharodontosaurid, or a very large abelisaurid. Dentary of ?Megalosaurus cambrensis. Lithograph by Newton in 1899 In 1985, Zhao Xijin named two Megalosaurus species found in Tibet.
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He considered B. violacea to be a variety of B. sphaerocarpa with violet flowers. This description was an invalid publication, however, and a nomen nudum. In 1981 Alex George declared Banksia sphaerocarpa var.
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The nomen Stenius is simply a gentilicial form of the Oscan praenomen Sthenius, and is thus a patronymic surname.Dictionary of Greek and Latin Biography and Mythology, vol. III, p. 904 ("Stenius or Sthenius").
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The nomen Tarquitius is thought to be another orthography of Tarquinius, the Latin form of the Etruscan gentilicium Tarchna. The Tarquitii would therefore be of Etruscan origin, perhaps from the city of Tarquinii.
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Pompo, asserted as the name of the ancestor of the Pompilii, does indeed appear to have been an ancient praenomen of Sabine origin. It was the Oscan equivalent of Quintus, a very common name. Numa's father is said to have been named Pompo Pompilius, and it is evident that the nomen Pompilius was itself a patronymic surname derived from Pompo. Pomponius appears to be derived from an adjectival form of that name, and the equivalent of the Latin nomen Quinctilius.
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The genus Raorchestes is named in honour of C. R. Narayan Rao in recognition of his contribution to Indian batrachology. The scientific nomen Orchestes is based on the first generic nomen coined for frogs of the Philautus group, Orchestes Tschudi 1838. The specific epithet resplendens is a Latin term meaning 'bright coloured, glittering, resplendent' referring to the bright red or orange pigmentation. While Raorchestes resplendens are morphologically striking and different from other Raorchestes, molecular phylogenetics place them clearly within that genus.
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According to the rules of botanical nomenclature a nomen nudum is not validly published. The glossary of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants gives this definition: The requirements for the diagnosis or description are covered by articles 32, 36, 41, 42, and 44. Nomina nuda that were published before 1 January 1959 can be used to establish a cultivar name. For example, Veronica sutherlandii, a nomen nudum, has been used as the basis for Hebe pinguifolia 'Sutherlandii'.
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TacitusTacitus, Annals 6. 11. refers to him as "Cilnius Maecenas"; it is possible that "Cilnius" was his mother's nomen – or that Maecenas was in fact a cognomen.Varro, however, specifies that the name Maecenas is a nomen based on origin like Lesas, Ufenas, etc: see Chris J. Simpson, "Two Small Thoughts on 'Cilnius Maecenas'" 1996. The Gaius Maecenas mentioned in CiceroPro Cluentio, 56 as an influential member of the equestrian order in 91 BC may have been his grandfather, or even his father.
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The Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology describes Mettius as "an old Italian name, in use both among the Sabines and Latins. It is doubtful whether Mettius or Metius is the better orthography, as we sometimes find one and sometimes the other in the best [manuscripts]." There is no reason to doubt that the nomen Mettius is a patronymic surname, based on the old praenomen Mettius, and perhaps sharing a common origin with the nomen of the Metilia gens.Chase, p. 123.
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The nomen Simplicinius belongs to a class of gentilicia derived from other nomina using the suffix ', which could also be used to form gentile names from cognomina ending in '.Chase, p. 126. Simplicinius is an elaboration on another nomen, Simplicius, which in turn is derived from a surname Simplex, originally applied to someone whose character or habits were described as "simple" or "straightforward". Many cognomina were derived, like Simplex, from the nature of the individuals to whom they were originally applied.
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"Heilongjiangosaurus" (meaning "Heilongjiang lizard") is the informal name given to an as-yet undescribed genus of duckbilled dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous. It possibly was a lambeosaurine, and may in fact be the same animal as Charonosaurus. The fossils were found in Maastrichtian-age rocks in Heilongjiang, China. As a nomen nudum, it is unclear what material it was intended to be based on, but might be connected to the nomen nudum "Mandschurosaurus" jiainensis, informally named in a 1983 publication.
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Under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), these two names take precedence over Procynosuchus because they were erected earlier. The names Cyrbasiodon and Parathrinaxodon were rarely used after their erection, while the name Procynosuchus has since become widespread in scientific literature. In a case brought to the ICZN in 2009, some scientists proposed that Procynosuchus should be a nomen conservandum, or conserved name, making Cyrbasiodon and Parathrinaxodon nomina rejecta, or rejected names. In 2010, the ICZN formally made Procynosuchus a nomen conservandum.
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The nomen Scribonius belongs to a large class of gentilicia derived from cognomina ending in -o, most of which were of plebeian origin. The root of the name is scribo, a writer.Chase, p. 119.
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From Neferirkare's time onwards, the nomen, or birth name, was also written in a cartouche systematically preceded by the glyphs for "Son of Ra", an epithet which had seen little use in preceding times.
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It is a nomen dubium, perhaps a theropod or some indeterminate predatory archosaur. In 1881, Harry Govier Seeley named two possible theropod teeth found in Austria Megalosaurus pannoniensis. The specific name refers to Pannonia.
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The family Semisulcospiridae was introduced as just a name (nomen nudum) by Morrison (1952), without a diagnosis of the taxon. It is a valid taxon however, because its name has been used as valid.
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Livy, i. 16.Ovid, ii. 499 ff. In the later Empire, the distinction between praenomen, nomen, and cognomen was gradually lost, and Julius was treated much like a personal name, which it ultimately became.
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Chase, 150.Walde, p. 346.The New College Latin & English Dictionary, "liveo", "lividus", "livor". Pokorny dismissed this derivation, arguing that the nomen either predated these words, or could not be linguistically connected with them.
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However, Gauffre (1996) referred Orosaurus to his nomen ex dissertationae Kholumolumosaurus along with Meroktenos and Plateosauravus.Gauffre F-X. 1996. Phylogénie des dinosaures prosauropodes et étude d'un prosauropode du trias supérieur d'Afrique Australe . PhD Thesis.
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The nomen Numonius belongs to a class of gentilicia ending in -onius, typical of plebeian gentes, or those of Oscan origin. It is likely based on the cognomen nummus, "money".Chase, pp. 118, 119.
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The nomen Caecicius belongs to a class of gentilicia derived from cognomina ending in -ex or -icus. Here the root seems to be a surname, Caedicus, the meaning of which is uncertain.Chase, p. 126.
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P.M. Galton. 1996. "Notes on Dinosauria from the Upper Cretaceous of Portugal". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Monatshefte 1996(2): 83-90 In 2004 David B. Norman concluded it was a nomen dubium.
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A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560 Due to the fragmentary nature of the material associated with the genus, it is currently regarded as a nomen dubium.
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The nomen Fannius belongs to a large class of gentilicia that either originated at Rome, or cannot be shown to have come from anywhere else. Chase derives it from an obscure cognomen, Fadus.Chase, p. 130.
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Camp, C. L., Taylor, D. N. and Welles, S. P., eds. (1942) Bibliography of Fossil Vertebrates 1934-1938. Geological Society of America Special Papers, Number 42. It is now thought to be a nomen dubium.
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Recent researchers have concluded that its position is hard to determine with any certainty beyond a general Theropoda incertae sedis, and that it should be considered a nomen dubium. It may have been a ceratosaur.
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The nomen Scaevius is derived from the cognomen Scaeva, left-handed, or by extension someone strongly affected by fate, whether for good or ill.Chase, p. 109.New College Latin & English Dictionary, s. v. scaeva, scaevus.
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The nomen Pactumeius belongs to a class of gentilicia formed from other names using the suffix -eius. This type of name is frequently, but not uniformly associated with names of Oscan origin.Chase, pp. 121, 122.
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It is a possible junior synonym of Hylaeosaurus and Polacanthus. It is now considered to be a nomen dubium or a chimera.Nopsca, F. (1928), "Palaeontological notes on reptiles." Geologica Hungarica, Series Palaeontologica, tomus, 1, -Pasc.
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Hydnophytum caminiferum, eine einzigartige neue Hydnophytum-Art von der Vogelkop-Halbinsel in West Papua (Indonesien). Das Taublatt 78: 45–50. It also originated the varietal name Pinguicula ehlersiae var. albiflora, which is a nomen nudum.
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The origin of the nomen Sarius is unclear, but seems to be the source of another gentilicium, Sariolenus, perhaps through a diminutive, Sariolus. The suffix -enus typically indicates nomina formed from other gentilicia.Chase, p. 118.
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The nomen Scantinius belongs to a common class of gentilicia formed using the suffix -inius. Such names were typically derived from surnames ending in -inus, but this type was so common that -inius came to be regarded as a regular gentile- forming suffix, and was applied even in cases where there was no morphological justification. There is no evidence of a corresponding cognomen Scantinus, so the name was probably formed directly from Scantius, another gentile name. The similar nomen Scandilius was probably formed in the same manner.
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From a reference in the Abbott Papyrus (Column III, 1.10) it was for a long time believed that Senakhtenre's nomen was Tao ("The Elder"). Indeed, the papyrus mentions two kings with the name Tao. The second king Tao was identified with Senakhtenre because the first mention of a Tao refers to Seqenenre Tao for which the complete name is written. Consequently, the hypothesis that Senakhtenre's nomen was Tao was dominant in egyptology until 2012 and was shared for example by Darrell Baker, although it also remained controversial.
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This list of ichthyosaurs is a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the order Ichthyosauria or the parent clade Ichthyopterygia, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful (nomen dubium), or were not formally published (nomen nudum), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered ichthyopterygian. Non-ichthyosaur ichthyopterygians shall be noted as such. This list contains 97 genera.
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After describing H. garnettensis in 1977, Currie (1979) synonymized all European haptodontines, as well as Cutleria wilmarthi, with the type of the genus, H. baylei. Later, Laurin (1993 and 1994) considered Haptodontinae to represent a polyphyletic grade of basal sphenacodonts, and revalidated Cutleria, Palaeohatteria and Pantelosaurus, while Callibrachion was considered to be a nomen dubium and Datheosaurus was not examined. Laurin also suggested that the type species of the genus H. baylei might be a nomen dubium. His revision has been accepted by subsequent authors.
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Langston (1975) found Limnosaurus to be based on non-diagnostic remains, and therefore considered it to be in its own genus, as a nomen dubium. He also reassigned Crocodylus vorax from the Lutetian of Wyoming and West Texas to Pristichampsus. Efimov (1988) named two additional species of Pristichampsus, P. birjukovi and P. kuznetzovi from the Middle Eocene of Eastern Kazakhstan. Following a revision of the genus Pristichampsus by Brochu (2013), P. rollinati was found to be based on insufficiently diagnostic material and therefore is a nomen dubium.
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Thus the inscription supplies the name of the dedicant, his position, and the reason for his dedication. The donor from Doliche was a soldier and his name indicates that he was a Roman citizen. Blömer and Facella suggest that one of his ancestors received citizenship and adopted the nomen Julius. This nomen was widespread in North Syria and Commagene and indicates either the emperor who was reigning at the time of the receipt of citizenship or the governor of the province who was responsible for the award.
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This title followed the cartouche as an emendation of the birth name. King Neferirkare Kakai, the third ruler of the Fifth Dynasty, was the first who separated the nswt-bjtj- and the sa-rê crest and turned them into two different, independent names: nomen and prenomen. Now the title sa-rê introduced the new name and it was also placed in a cartouche. During later times, pharaohs often used both names, prenomen and nomen, in cartouches, which sometimes led to confusion amongst Egyptologists in the past.
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Little is known about this gens, although it may have been Umbrian, as some early appearances of the name are found in Umbria. The nomen is frequently confused with that of the better-known Fufia gens.
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The nomen Segulius belongs to a large class of gentilicia formed from other names ending in diminutive suffixes such as -ilus and -ulus. It was probably derived from a cognomen Segulus, of uncertain meaning.Chase, p. 123.
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Some later researchers have considered Hypsirhophus to be a synonym of Stegosaurus, or a nomen dubium, though Kenneth Carpenter and Peter Galton have suggested that it is distinct and valid based on differences in the vertebrae.
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Nepenthes amabilis. Carnivorous Plant Database. That name is itself a later synonym of N. × hookeriana. In the Autumn 2014 issue of Planta Carnivora, Martin Cheek published this species under the nomen novum (replacement name) N. sumagaya.
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The nomen Avienus belongs to a class of names formed using the suffix -enus, typically derived from other gentilicia. There was a gens Avia, also known primarily from inscriptions, derived from avus, grandfather.Chase, pp. 118, 129.
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In: Uwe Ludwig und Thomas Schilp (ed.): Nomen et Fraternitas. Berlin, 2008, , pp. 699–717, here p. 717\. () The railway causeway carries four tracks and has a heavily used cycleway and footpath on its eastern side.
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The two peaks subsequently became known as the Cispius Mons and the Oppius Mons. In Varro, the nomen is also written Cespeus.Sextus Pompeius Festus, epitome of Marcus Verrius Flaccus, De Verborum Significatu, s.vv. Septimontio, Cispius Mons.
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Tugulusaurus was originally classified by Dong in 1973 as a member of the Ornithomimidae, within the Coelurosauria. In the years that followed, the genus was often considered a nomen dubium.Norman, D. B. (1990). "Problematic Theropoda: Coelurosaurs".
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A Fractal Scaling in Dinosaurology Project, 2nd revised printing. Capitola, California. 478 pp but this has remained a nomen nudum. The specimen is likely one individual, located in the same stratiagraphic position as the holotypic specimen.
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Namely, Olson designated the specimen as a lectotype, before an actual type species was formally erected.Creisler, B. (2002). "Archaeoraptor still a nomen nudum." Message to the Dinosaur Mailing List, 4 Jan 2001. accessed 23 Sep 2009.
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Eusebi Nomen of Andorra for Change also denounced the proposed increased tax burden and accused the government of selling "national sovereignty." The Greens of Andorra's Isabel Lozano said that economic development must be more environmentally friendly.
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Lists of praenomina used by the various people of Italy, together with their usual abbreviations, can be found at praenomen. Roman men were usually known by their praenomina to members of their family and household, clientes and close friends; but outside of this circle, they might be called by their nomen, cognomen, or any combination of praenomen, nomen, and cognomen that was sufficient to distinguish them from other men with similar names. In the literature of the Republic, and on all formal occasions, such as when a senator was called upon to speak, it was customary to address a citizen by praenomen and nomen; or, if this were insufficient to distinguish him from other members of the gens, by praenomen and cognomen. In imperial times, the praenomen became increasingly confused by the practices of the aristocracy.
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The next year, Nagao authored a second article on the species describing these additional remains. Nipponosaurus was described as a member of the Trachodontidae; however Trachodon is now considered an invalid nomen dubium.Creisler, B.S. (2007). Deciphering duckbills.
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Lucius Vorenus and Titus PulloHis nomen is given as Pulfio, Puleio, Pullio, Pulcio or Pulcia in various manuscripts. were two Roman centurions of the 11th Legion (Legio XI Claudia) mentioned in the personal writings of Julius Caesar.
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The nomen Seius is derived from the name of Seia, the goddess of sowing. Chase classifies it among those gentilicia that either originated at Rome, or cannot be shown to have come from anywhere else.Chase, p. 131.
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Hispaniachelys is an extinct genus of paracryptodire or basal testudines turtle known from the Lorente Formation of southern Spain. Reinterpretation of the original material shows that the taxon lacks diagnostic characteristics and is thus a nomen dubium.
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As Labienus is not found as the cognomen of any person named Atius, nor in any other gens, it is probably the nomen of a separate gens.Ézéchiel Spanheim, De Praestantia et usu Numismatum Antiquorum ii. 11, 12.
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Melaleuca fluviatilis was first formally described in 1997 by Bryan Barlow in Nomen from a specimen found in a sandy river bed north of Townsville. The specific epithet (fluviatilis) is a Latin adjective meaning "pertaining to rivers".
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Nochmals geschwärzte Ausgabe der bereits geschwärzten Auflage 2006. Nomen Verlag Frankfurt am Main. , S.89, ungeschwärzt His book reveals that Kohl was secretly funded by Sal. Oppenheim in the early eighties with at least DM 1.3 million.
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The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants vol. VI. Springer-Verlag: Berlin,Heidelberg Germany. Muhlenberg's name is, in any case, considered a nomen nudum because his description can not be used to identify the plant.USDA Plants Database.
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This species was formerly known as Teratolepis fasciata, but after Teratolepis was brought to synonymy with Hemidactylus, this species would have become a junior secondary homonym of Hemidactylus fasciatus Gray 1842. Thus a nomen novum was needed.
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The nomen Quirinius belongs to a class of gentilicia derived from other names ending in -inus.Chase, pp. 125, 126. Its root, the surname Quirinus, was an old Sabine word, apparently derived from quiris, a spear or javelin.
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The nomen Publicius belongs to a class of gentilicia derived from words ending in -icus.Chase, p. 126. The root, publicus, is a Latin adjective meaning "of the people".New College Latin and English Dictionary, s. v. publicus.
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The nomen Spedius is probably of Oscan origin, as many of the inscriptions of this gens are from Samnium and surrounding regions in central and southern Italy, and the early Spedii used a number of Oscan praenomina.
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The nomen Jucundius is derived from the cognomen Jucundus, originally referring to someone pleasant or agreeable.New College Latin & English Dictionary, s.v. jucundus. It belongs to a class of surnames derived from the character of an individual.Chase, pp.
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The plebeian Manlii were probably descended from freedmen of the patricians, from members who had gone over to the plebeians, or from unrelated persons who acquired the nomen after obtaining the franchise from one of the Manlii.
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That name is derived from an ancient root meaning "to rejoice".Chase, pp. 157, 158. As it is impossible to distinguish between different families of Gavii with absolute certainty, all persons bearing this nomen are collected here.
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Arbour, Burns and Sissons (2009) considered Heishansaurus pachycephalus ("thick-headed Black Mountain lizard") from the Minhe Formation, near Heishan (= "Black Mountain"), Gansu Province, which is known from poorly preserved cranial and postcranial fragments, to be a junior synonym of P. grangeri as well. It was first described in 1953 as a pachycephalosaur and had been usually considered a nomen dubium. In 2014, Arbour again concluded it was a nomen dubium. In 1996, a Belgian-Chinese expedition discovered a large skeleton in the Bayan Mandahu, specimen IMM 96BM3/1.
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Because the naming article did not contain a description, the name remained a nomen nudum. In 1987, Spencer George Lucas erroneously made OMNH 4666, a tibia, the lectotype, unaware that Saurophagus was a nomen nudum.Lucas, S.G., Mateer, N.J., Hunt, A.P., and O'Neill, F.M., 1987, "Dinosaurs, the age of the Fruitland and Kirtland Formations, and the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico", p. 35-50. In: Fassett, J.E. and Rigby, J.K., Jr. (eds.), The Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the San Juan and Raton Basins, New Mexico and Colorado.
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The nomen Seppienus seems to be derived from the same root as that of the Seppia gens, and is thus a patronymic surname derived from the Oscan or Umbrian praenomen Seppius. That name is cognate with the rare Latin praenomen Septimus, and its more common derivative, the nomen Septimius. The root of all these names is the numeral seven, which in the earliest period would have been given either to a seventh child or seventh son, or to a child born in the month of September, originally the seventh month of the Roman calendar.Chase, pp.
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The yellow-tufted honeyeater was first described by the English ornithologist John Latham in 1801, and given two different binomial names: Muscicapa auricomis and Turdus melanops. The latter name was retained as a nomen protectum, and the former a nomen oblitum, as the epithet melanops has been used consistently for over a century. It belongs to the honeyeater family Meliphagidae. More recently, DNA analysis has shown honeyeaters to be related to the Pardalotidae, and the Petroicidae (Australasian robins) in a large corvid superfamily;Barker, F.K.; Cibois, A.; Schikler, P.; Feinstein, J.; Cracraft, J. (2004).
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Besides conservation of names of certain ranks (Art. 14), the ICN also offers the option of outright rejection of a name (nomen utique rejiciendum) also called suppressed name under Article 56, another way of creating a nomen rejiciendum that cannot be used anymore. Outright rejection is possible for a name at any rank. Rejection (suppression) of individual names is distinct from suppression of works (opera utique oppressa) under Article 34, which allows for listing certain taxonomic ranks in certain publications which are considered not to include any validly published names.
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The root of the nomen Opsius appears to be op-, with the meaning of "help", found in the name of the goddess Ops, as well as the nomen Oppius. The same root may be the source of the praenomen Opiter, together with the patronymic surnames derived from it, Opiternius and Opetreius. Such forms are typical of non-Latin gentilicia, and are most likely of Sabine origin, which seems the more probable in light of the tradition that the cult of Ops was introduced to Rome by the Sabine king, Titus Tatius.Chase, pp.
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Since only Merdjefare's prenomen is known, attempts at attributing him any given nomen remain conjectural. Ryholt however proposed that Merdjefare's nomen may have been either Wazad or Sheneh. Indeed, according to Ryholt, a seriation of 14th Dynasty seals shows that both Wazad and Sheneh reigned after Nehesy. Since furthermore "only few of the kings who ruled between Nehesy and Yaqub-Har are attested by contemporary sources", Ryholt posits that Wazad may be identifiable with one of the successors of Nehesy with the longest reign, either Sehebre or Merdjefare.
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The Considii were an old family, first appearing early in the fifth century BC. However, they quickly faded into obscurity, from which they did not emerge for nearly four centuries. The nomen Considius belongs to a large class of gentilicia formed chiefly from cognomina ending in -idus, using the suffix -idius, which came to be thought of as a regular gentile-forming suffix, and was applied even in cases where there was no morphological justification. Considius might be formed from the nomen of the gens Consia, itself probably related to the mysterious god Consus.Chase, pp.
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The nomen Pompilius is a patronymic surname, based on the Sabine praenomen Pompo, the Oscan cognate of the Latin praenomen Quintus, meaning "fifth". The Latin equivalent of Pompilius was therefore Quinctilius, and in fact there was a family of that name at Rome. Tradition states that Numa's father was named Pompo, and that he had a son by that name as well, which seems to confirm the etymology. The Pomponii claimed descent from this son, and both their nomen and that of Pompeius are occasionally confounded with Pompilius in the ancient writers.
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It is possible for a junior synonym to be given precedence over a senior synonym,ICZN, Art. 23.9 "reversal of precedence" primarily when the senior name has not been used since 1899, and the junior name is in common use. The older name may be declared to be a nomen oblitum, and the junior name declared a nomen protectum. This rule exists primarily to prevent the confusion that would result if a well-known name, with a large accompanying body of literature, were to be replaced by a completely unfamiliar name.
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John Calvin believed in reverence for the Holy Name and encouraged Christians to: "glorify His holy name with our whole life".Writings on pastoral piety by Jean Calvin, Elsie Anne McKee 2002 page 136 Martin Luther encouraged "pure faith and confidence, and a cheerful meditation of and calling upon His holy Name".A Treatise on Good Works by Martin Luther 2009 page 47 O nomen Jesu by Peter Philips (1612) and Johann Rosenmüller (1648) are motets intended for the service commemorating the naming of Jesus. O Jesu, nomen dulce is a motet by Heinrich Schütz.
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Some specimens previously referred to S. megalorhinus, as well as the holotype of S. cuneiceps, were found to belong to a species of their own for which the binomen Stenopterygius uniter can be used. As the holotype of S. uniter was destroyed in World War II, Maisch proposed a neotype. Maisch also found that S. promegacephalus is a nomen dubium, as it is based on a juvenile specimen, and that the lectotype of S. hauffianus can be determined as Stenopterygius cf. S. quadriscissus at best, so this species should be considered a nomen dubium.
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The nomen Aurelius is usually connected with the Latin adjective aureus, meaning "golden", in which case it was probably derived from the color of a person's hair. However, Festus reports that the original form of the nomen was Auselius, and that the medial 's' was replaced by 'r' at a relatively early period; the same process occurred with the archaic nomina Fusia, Numisia, Papisia, Valesia, and Vetusia, which became Furia, Numeria, Papiria, Valeria, and Veturia in classical Latin. According to Festus, Auselius was derived from a Sabine word for the sun.Paulus, Epitome de Sex.
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There are three bells in the tower. They are dedicated in Latin: 1) missi de celis habeao nomen gabrielis 2) hec pro laude pie resonat campana marie 3) nomen sanctorum hec campana olocum [a misspelling; possibly "o locum"?] Evidence suggests that they were cast by the mid-15th century, and the founder is unknown. The first bell, ‘Gabriel’, weighs 4 cwt (about 450 lbs) and is 26¼ inches in diameter. ‘Mary’ is heavier, with a total weight of 5 cwt (about 560 lbs) and a 29 inch diameter.
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Taxonomic status of Ranitomeya rubrocephala is dubious, considered either nomen dubium or nomen inquirendum. The original species description was based on two specimens from an unspecific locality in the eastern slopes of the Andes in the Pasco Region, Peru, likely collected in 1956 by an unknown collector. Ranitomeya rubrocephala is a small (snout–vent length less than ) frog that in preservative is entirely black, except for the reddish-orange head and throat patch. However, the specimens are in bad condition, making it very difficult to associate newly collected specimens with this species.
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The reason for the confusion was differences between the royal names presented by the ancient historian Manetho and the Ramesside king lists, such as the Abydos King List, the Saqqara Table and the Turin Canon. Whilst Manetho referred to the nomen, the Ramesside king lists used the prenomen. Another reason is that many rulers of later periods used the cartouche versions of their nomen and prenomen separately in different inscriptions. Only in inscriptions that depict both names side by side is it obvious that the two names belong to the same king.
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In his 1962 Ph.D. thesis, Clayton Ray considered O. hammondi to be most closely related to Megalomys, which includes giant rats from the Caribbean, and classified it as a member of the subgenus Megalomys of genus Oryzomys.Ray, 1962 In 1970, Hershkovitz treated the species in another publication and noted that his name Macruroryzomys was a nomen nudum ("naked name") because he had not explicitly mentioned characters differentiating it from other taxa in his 1948 publication.Hershkovitz, 1970, p. 791 Nevertheless, he did not do anything to rectify the situation, and Macruroryzomys remains a nomen nudum.
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In this case, Septimuleius might be cognate with the patronymic nomen Septimius.Chase, pp. 131, 150, 151. The suffix ' was typically associated with gentes from Picenum and neighboring regions, which would be consistent with an Oscan or Umbrian origin.
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Alfidia was the mother of Rome's first empress, Livia. She is mistakenly called Aufidia by Seutonius, and this was assumed to be her name for centuries, but inscriptions found shows that her name was the rare nomen Alfidia.
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Chase, pp. 125, 126. In this instance, the name seems to be derived from the Oscan nomen Papius, or its root, the cognomen Papus, indicating that the Papinii were probably of Sabine or Samnite extraction.Chase, pp. 114, 128.
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Homoiodoris is a genus of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, shell-less marine gastropod mollusks in the family Dorididae. This is a nomen dubium.Valdés Á. (2002). A phylogenetic analysis and systematic revision of the cryptobranch dorids (Mollusca, Nudibranchia, Anthobranchia).
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ITIS treats Pinnoctopus as a synonym of Octopus Cuvier, 1797. While the World Register of Marine Species treats it as a nomen dubium, has P. cordiformis as a species of doubtful validity and assigns P. kermadecensis to Octopus.
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The species was described by Jean Cabanis in 1882. It is monotypic. The specific epithet mechowi honours Friedrich Wilhelm Alexander von Mechow, a Prussian explorer. The name occidentalis for a population with different songs is a nomen nudum.
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Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris. Meanwhile, Orosaurus was listed as a nomen dubium in the 2nd edition of the Dinosauria.Galton, P.M & Upchurch, P. (2004). "Prosauropoda". In D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, & H. Osmólska (eds.), The Dinosauria (second edition).
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Hypochnus is a genus of fungi. The original treatment of the genus by Elias Magnus Fries included various wholly unrelated species, therefore it is now considered a nomen ambiguum, with the type species H. ferrugineus assigned to Tomentella.
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Arkanserpeton is an extinct genus of dissorophoid temnospondyl represented by a fragmentary isolated femur and an isolated neural arch. It is not considered to be sufficiently diagnostic and was designated as a nomen dubium by Schoch & Milner (2014).
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The nomen Ovinius belongs to a class of gentilicia formed from other names using the suffix -inius. In this case, it seems to be a patronymic surname derived from the Oscan praenomen Ovius.Chase, pp. 125, 126, 139, 140.
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The Manlii were said to hail from the ancient Latin city of Tusculum. The nomen Manlia may be a patronymic surname, based on the praenomen Manius, presumably the name of an ancestor of the gens.Chase, pp. 122, 123.
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The name must have been used by the ancestors of the gens Volusia, whose nomen was derived from Volusus, and perhaps also by the Condetii and Vecilii, who used Volesus as a cognomen.Chase, "The Origin of Roman Praenomina".
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Very little is known of Tolumnius outside of his involvement in Roman legend. His family was evidently part of the Veientine aristocracy, and its nomen is found on a number of inscriptions from votive offerings.Smith, pp. 161 ff.
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The nomen Septueius belongs to a large class of gentilicia formed using the suffix ', which was typical of Oscan-speaking parts of Italy.Chase, pp. 120, 121. This suggests that the Septueii may have been of Sabine or Samnite origin.
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The nomen Ofanius belongs to a class of gentilicia apparently formed from cognomina ending in -anus, or place-names ending in -anum, although in this case neither a surname Ofanus nor a place called Ofanum is known.Chase, p. 118.
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The appearance of Juno Caprotina suggests that the Rennii may have originated at Lanuvium, where Juno was particularly revered. The etymology of the nomen Rennius is uncertain; Chase suggests a possible connection with the Latin renes, kidneys.Chase, p. 131.
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These concepts have now been redefined without the dubious name. Because Aublysodon is today considered a nomen dubium based on material probably belonging to Daspletosaurus, its affiliations are likely tyrannosaurid and the terms Aublysodontinae and Aublysodontidae have become irrelevant.
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The nomen Albius is derived from the common Latin surname Albus, meaning "white".Chase, pp. 110, 127, 129. Chase classifies it among those gentilicia that either originated at Rome, or cannot be shown to have come from anywhere else.
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T. huxleyi, A. cretsii, A. antwerpiensis, A. antverpiensis, A. africanum, and P. alleni were declared junior synonyms of O. emmonsi based on comparisons with USNM 329064. T. koninckii, however, was found to be undiagnostic and designated a nomen dubium.
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The word nomenclature is derived from the Latin nomen ('name'), and calare ('to call'). The Latin term nomenclatura refers to a list of names, as does the word nomenclator, which can also indicate a provider or announcer of names.
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331: sanctuary in the Campus Martius, dedicated on October 7 according to calendaries. Fulgur Fulmen,CIL XII 1807. later as nomen agentis Fulgurator, Fulminator:CIL VI 377; III 821, 1596, 1677, 3593, 3594, 6342 cited by Wissowa above p. 107.
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Deinodon is usually regarded as a nomen dubium today. Additional likely synonyms of G. libratus and/or D. horridus include Laelaps falculus, Laelaps hazenianus, Laelaps incrassatus, and Dryptosaurus kenabekides.Weishampel, D.B., Dodson, P., and Osmólska, H. (eds.). (2004). The Dinosauria.
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Chase regards the nomen Orfius as the Oscan cognate of the Latin name Orbius, which is derived from the cognomen Orbus, meaning a waif or orphan. He suggests Orfa as the Oscan equivalent of Orbus.Chase, pp. 127, 128, 131.
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Tliltocatl andrewi (synonym Brachypelma andrewi) is a possible species of spider in the family Theraphosidae (tarantulas). The World Spider Catalog regards it as a nomen dubium (dubious name). Only the male has been described and its distribution is unknown.
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Plexippoides regius is a jumping spider species in the genus Plexippoides. The species was first named by Wanda Wesołowska in 1981 as a Nomen nudum, although it has been subsequently described from specimens found in China, Korea and Russia.
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Further research would be required to determine which of the bones belonged together, and what kind of theropod Halticosaurus was. However, most of the bones have been lost. For these reasons, Halticosaurus is considered to be a nomen dubium.
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Different branches or stirpes of a gens were usually distinguished by their cognomina, additional surnames following the nomen, which could be either personal or hereditary. Some particularly large stirpes themselves became divided into multiple branches, distinguished by additional cognomina.
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The nomen Salvidienus belongs to a class of gentilicia formed primarily from other gentile names using the suffix -enus. The root is Salvidius, itself presumably formed from the Oscan praenomen Salvius, using the suffix -idius.Chase, pp 118, 121, 122.
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For zoology, the term "conserved name", rather than nomen conservandum, is used in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, although informally both terms are used interchangeably. In the glossary of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (the code for names of animals, one of several nomenclature codes), this definition is given: ;conserved name :A name otherwise unavailable or invalid that the Commission, by the use of its plenary power, has enabled to be used as a valid name by removal of the known obstacles to such use. This is a more generalized definition than the one for nomen protectum, which is specifically a conserved name that is either a junior synonym or homonym that is in use because the senior synonym or homonym has been made a nomen oblitum ("forgotten name"). An example of a conserved name is the dinosaur genus name Pachycephalosaurus, which was formally described in 1943.
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Piratosaurus plicatus (meaning Multiplied pirate lizard) is a nomen dubium of polycotylid plesiosaur. It was originally found in the Red River basin of Manitoba from a single tooth; at least one researcher (Williams 1906) erroneously assumed to be from Minnesota.
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Altmuehlopterus (meaning "Altmühl River wing") is a genus of pterosaur belonging to the Pterodactyloidea. It lived in the Late Jurassic of what is now Germany. It was formerly known as "Daitingopterus" (meaning "Daiting Wing"), a nomen nudum, informally coined in 2004.
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Agassiz 1862 - sp. nov. Mayer 1910 \- C. capillata var. versicolor Kramp 1961 - nomen dubium Russell 1970 - C. versicolor Brewer 1991Brewer RH. 1991. Morphological differences between, and reproductive isolation of, two populations of the jellyfish Cyanea in Long Island Sound, USA.
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Gillet CG (1874) Les Hyménomycètes 828pp However, this species is often considered a synonym of Clitocybe rivulosa and according to Bon the name C. dealbata may be invalid (a nomen dubium) as James Sowerby's definition conflicts with Elias Magnus Fries's.
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The nomen Stallius seems to be of Oscan derivation, as most of the Stallii found in inscriptions came from Campania and adjoining regions in southern Italy. The first of the Stallii appearing in history bore the distinctly Oscan praenomen Sthenius.
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Lines of phyletic and biological development of the Ichthyopterygia. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 34: 463-468. Nowadays, I. trigonus (and hence Macropterygius) is a nomen dubium because its holotype is indistinguishable from other ophthalmosaurids.Bardet N, Fernández M. 2000.
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Picramnia, the bitterbushes, is a genus of plant considered to be in the family Picramniaceae, but sometimes placed in Simaroubaceae. The name is conserved against the genera Pseudo-brasilium Adans., and Tariri Aubl., both which have been rejected (nomen rejiciendum).
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Another historical stagodontid, Boreodon, is a nomen dubium. Finally, the purported stagodontid Delphodon is probably a synonym of Pediomys or Alphadon. A 2016 phylogenetic analysis found that Didelphodon and other stagodontids were marsupialiforms. Their relationships within the Marsupialiformes are shown below.
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Malewiebamani's name is known from a Shawabti and from intrusive items from pyramid Nuri 16 bearing his name. On the dedication stela of Aspelta, a private name occurs which is very similar to Malewiebamani's name. His nomen appears at Kawa.
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Journal of Geology 15:121-151. The genus is now thought to be synonymous with Nicrosaurus, and the type and only species, H. ganei, is regarded as a nomen dubium due to the fragmentary nature of the remains associated with it.
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Benson, R.B.J. (2008). "A redescription of "Megalosaurus" hesperis (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Inferior Oolite (Bajocian, Middle Jurassic) of Dorset, United Kingdom". Zootaxa 1931: 57-67. This genus has also gone under the unofficial name "Walkersaurus", which is a nomen nudum.
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The species was described in 1955 as Tomodactylus fuscus. However, when transferred to the genus Eleutherodactylus, its name became a secondary homonym of Eleutherodactylus fuscus. The current name, Eleutherodactylus maurus, is a replacement name (nomen novum) created to remedy this situation.
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The term 'nominalism' stems from the Latin nomen, "name". John Stuart Mill summarised nominalism in the apothegm "there is nothing general except names".Mill, J.S. (1865/1877). An Examination of Sir William Hamilton's Philosophy, volume II, Chapter XVII, page 50.
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Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 8 (1): 63–80. doi:10.1080/14772011003594961. For its part, P. burtinii was referred to Aglaocetus, while P. brialmontii was declared a nomen dubium. These revisions leave P. garopii the type and only species of Plesiocetus.
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The nomen Surdinius belongs to a class of gentilicia derived from surnames ending in the diminutive suffix '.Chase, p. 126. The root of the name, surdus, originally referred to someone deaf or dumb.New College Latin and English Dictionary, s.v. surdus.
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Despite being from a small animal they are robustly built and very high with enlarged chevron facets and a median groove on the underside. Inosaurus is today considered a nomen dubium because of the fragmentary nature of the fossils discovered.
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110, 111. From the surname arose both Justinus, a diminutive cognomen, and the nomen Justius. Justinius must have been formed from one of these two, using the gentile-forming suffix ', which could form new gentilicia from either nomina or cognomina.Chase, pp.
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The nomen Silius is derived from the cognomen Silus, originally designating someone with an upturned nose. It was one of a large class of cognomina derived from the physical characteristics of an individual.Festus, s.v. Silus.Cicero, De Natura Deorum, i. 29.
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The nomen Safinius belongs to a class of gentilicia formed from cognomina ending in -inus. The root of the name is Safineis, cognate with the Latin Sabinus, the Oscan name for the Sabellic peoples, including the Sabines and Samnites.Chase, p. 126.
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At least two distinct linguistic origins have been proposed for the nomen Artorius. Schulze, Herbig, and Salomies propose that the name is derived from the Etruscan praenomen Arnthur, perhaps Latinized as Artor.Schulze, Zur Geschichte lateinischer Eigennamen.Herbig, Tituli Faleriorum Veterum, p. 98.
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Salomies: Die römischen Vornamen, p. 68. Other scholars have proposed a Messapic origin, identifying a nomen Artorres, from an earlier Artas, with a Messapic possessive suffix -or, of uncertain meaning.Chelotti, Morizio, & Silvestrini, Le epigrafi romane di Canosa, pp. 261, 264.
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His agnomen, "Germanicus", was a cognomen ex virtue, and would at first be a suffix at the end of his full name, and became the first part of his full name following his adoption into the Julii, as his original praenomen and nomen were removed, "Germanicus" was retained, and thus attained usage as his praenomen preceding the new additions (the nomen "Julius", and cognomen "Caesar", respectively) . Upon Germanicus' adoption into the Julii, his brother Claudius became the sole legal representative of his father, and his brother inherited the agnomen "Germanicus" as the new head of the family.
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Tylosaurus proriger mounted skeleton in the Rocky Mountain Dinosaur Resource Center in Woodland Park, Colorado This list of mosasaurs is a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the family Mosasauridae or the parent clade Mosasauroidea, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful (nomen dubium), or were not formally published (nomen nudum), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered mosasauroid. Non-mosasaurid mosasauroids shall be noted as such. The list currently includes 80 genera.
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A still from the film shows Shatner chopping wood The film is set in the village of Nomen Tuum (Latin, "your name"), which has a well that can heal the sick and make a person more beautiful. Because of the latter, many conceited or corrupt individuals come to the village for this cosmetic effect. The village has notoriety for its magical water, as well as being a ground for darkness and demons. Along the village, succubi entice the tainted souls who come to Nomen Tuum and lead them to their deaths in order to offer their souls to Hell/the God of Darkness.
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Originally Roman women shared the binomial nomenclature of men; but over time the praenomen became less useful as a distinguishing element, and women's praenomina were gradually discarded, or replaced by informal names. By the end of the Republic, the majority of Roman women either did not have or did not use praenomina. Most women were called by their nomen alone, or by a combination of nomen and cognomen. Praenomina could still be given when necessary, and as with men's praenomina the practice survived well into imperial times, but the proliferation of personal cognomina eventually rendered women's praenomina obsolete.
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Following the promulgation of the Constitutio Antoniniana in AD 212, granting Roman citizenship to all free men living within the Roman Empire, the praenomen and nomen lost much of their distinguishing function, as all of the newly enfranchised citizens shared the name of Marcus Aurelius. The praenomen and sometimes the nomen gradually disappeared from view, crowded out by other names indicating the bearer's rank and social connections. Surviving inscriptions from the fifth century rarely provide a citizen's full nomenclature. In the final centuries of the Empire, the traditional nomenclature was sometimes replaced by alternate names, known as signa.
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I, p. 436 ("Aurelia Gens"). In 212, the Constitutio Antoniniana of Caracalla (whose full name was Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus Augustus, with Aurelius as the nomen) granted Roman citizenship to all free residents of the Empire, resulting in vast numbers of new citizens who assumed the nomen Aurelius, in honour of their patron, including several emperors: seven of the eleven emperors between Gallienus and Diocletian (Claudius Gothicus, Quintillus, Probus, Carus, Carinus, Numerian and Maximian) bore the name "Marcus Aurelius". So ubiquitous was the name in the latter centuries of the Empire that it suffered abbreviation, as Aur.
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In taxonomy (especially in zoological and botanical nomenclature), a nomen nudum ("naked name"; plural nomina nuda) is a designation which looks exactly like a scientific name of an organism, and may have originally been intended to be a scientific name, but fails to be one because it has not (or has not yet) been published with an adequate description (or a reference to such a description). This makes it a "bare" or "naked" name, one which cannot be accepted as it stands. A largely equivalent but much less frequently used term is nomen tantum ("name only").
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The Rufii used a variety of personal cognomina, which was typical of Roman nomenclature in imperial times. The only distinct family name seems to have been Festus, joyous or festive, which appears among the Rufii for several centuries.New College Latin & English Dictionary, s. v. festus. The nomen Caeionius, apparently a variation of Ceionius, suggests that some of the Rufii were probably descended from the Ceionii, and acquired the nomen Rufius through a female line, although this is uncertain given the variability of Roman nomenclature under the Empire, in which nomina could be rearranged for political reasons, to emphasize family connections.
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Avienus, which appears multiple times among the Rufii from the fourth to the sixth century, was probably acquired in this way; it was the nomen of an obscure plebeian family, while another of the family bore Postumius, the nomen of one of Rome's great patrician houses; it occurs twice more among the Rufii a century later, once in the derivative form Postumianus, although whether the latter were descended from the earlier Postumius is unknown. Volusianus, derived from the ancient gens Volusia, was also passed down for several generations.Salomies, Adoptive and Polyonymous Nomenclature in the Roman Empire.
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This list of crurotarsans is a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the clade Crurotarsi, excluding purely vernacular terms. Under some definitions Crurotarsi includes all archosaurs, but this list excludes archosaur genera that are included in Avemetatarsalia (pterosaurs, nonavian dinosaurs, and birds). The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful (nomen dubium), or were not formally published (nomen nudum), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered crurotarsan. Extinct taxa are denoted with a dagger (†).
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In April 1855, French biologist Charles Frédéric Girard published another description of this species, naming it Triakis semifasciata. Despite M. felis being the senior synonym, an error in recording the dates of publication resulted in the widespread use of T. semifasciata as the leopard shark's scientific name. As a result of this long-standing error, Triakis semifasciata came to be recognized as the valid name (as a nomen protectum) and Mustelis felis was invalidated (as a nomen oblitum). The specific epithet semifasciata comes from the Latin words semi ("half") and fasciatus ("banded"), describing this shark's dorsal pattern of saddle-like markings.
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This is a partial list of Roman laws. A Roman law (Latin: lex) is usually named for the sponsoring legislator and designated by the adjectival form of his gens name (nomen gentilicum), in the feminine form because the noun lex (plural leges) is of feminine grammatical gender. When a law is the initiative of the two consuls, it is given the name of both, with the nomen of the senior consul first. Sometimes a law is further specified by a short phrase describing the content of the law, to distinguish that law from others sponsored by members of the same gens.
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This list of xiphosurans is a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the order Xiphosura, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful (nomen dubium), or were not formally published (nomen nudum), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, genera that are no longer considered xiphosurans and misspellings. The list currently includes 54 names out of which 31 are considered valid xiphosuran genera. As of 2019, there were around 80 extinct species of xiphosurans and 4 extant species of xiphosurans recognized as valid.
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The same site has rendered comparable remains for which the nomen nudum Brontoraptor has been used.Redman, P.D., 1995, Paleo Horizons, Winter IssueSiegwarth, J., Linbeck, R., Bakker, R. and Southwell, B. (1996). Giant carnivorous dinosaurs of the family Megalosauridae. Hunteria 3:1-77.
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The nomen Canuleius belongs to a large class of gentilicia formed using the suffix ', which was typically of Oscan names. It might perhaps be derived from the same root as Kanus, a surname originally referring to someone with white hair.Chase, pp. 120, 121.
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Paropisthopatus is a monospecific genus of velvet worm containing the single species Paropisthopatus umbrinus. The type locality is in central Chile. A second species assigned to this genus, Paropisthopatus costesi (Gravier & Fage, 1925), is considered a nomen dubium by Oliveira et al., 2012.
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Drosera falconeri also hybridises with D. petiolaris; this hybrid was given the nomen nudum D. petioconeri by Westphal in 1991. Artificial hybrids involving D. falconeri have also been produced and cultivated, including a complex hybrid: (D. falconeri × D. ordensis) × (D. darwinensis × D. falconeri).
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Titus LiviusTitus is the praenomen (the personal name); Livius is the nomen (the gentile name, i.e. "belonging to the gens Livia"). Therefore, Titus Livius did not have a cognomen (third name, i.e. family name), which was not unusual during the Roman Republic.
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The nomen Hirtuleius belongs to a large class of gentilicia formed using the suffix -eius, and frequently of Oscan origin. The root might be hirtulus, perhaps a diminutive of hirtus, hairy or rude, or derived from Hirtius, another gentile name.Chase, pp. 120, 121.
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The nomen Statius is of Oscan origin, and most of the Statii appearing in history before the late Republic were from Samnium or Lucania. Statius is a patronymic surname, derived from the Oscan praenomen Statius, without any change in morphology.Chase, pp. 136–138.
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Malewiebamani was a Kushite King of Meroe. Prenomen: Kheperkare ("Re is one whose ka is manifest") Nomen: Malewiebamani Malewiebamani's mother was likely Queen Saka'aye. Malewiebamani was the son of either Nasakhma or Siaspiqa. Amanineteyerike and Baskakeren are thought to be sons of Malewiebamani.
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"Trygonaspis" is a nomen nudum given to a beautifully preserved complete armor that strongly resembles Protopteraspis in form, but with a long, recurved dorsal spine, and orbital plates that have bookshelf- like extensions. The only known specimen was found in Northern Canada.
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The nomen Carrinas was long supposed to be a surname of the Albia gens, due to its unusual form. This connection was proposed by Sigebert Havercamp, in his Thesaurus Morelliantes.Havercamp, Thesaurus Morelliantes, p. 497.Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol.
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For Leucadendron filiamentosum, L. polifolium and L. bellidifolium, no type specimens could be found, and their descriptions are too general to determine which Leucospermum species they are synonymous with. For L. obovatum, no description has been provided, so it is a nomen nudum.
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Melbourne Code, Glossary However, the Latin abbreviation is widely used by botanists and mycologists. A superfluous name is often an illegitimate name. Again, although the glossary defines the English phrase, the Latin equivalent nomen superfluum, abbreviated nom. superfl. is widely used by botanists.
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The nomen Septimius is a patronymic surname, derived from the rare Latin praenomen Septimus, originally given to a seventh child or seventh son, or to a child born in September, originally the seventh month of the Roman calendar.Chase, pp. 150, 151.Petersen, pp.
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The nomen Palfurius Seems to belong to a class of gentilicia formed using various less-common suffixes, such as -urius, perhaps from an earlier form ending in -usius. Other nomina sharing a similar morphology include Furius and Veturius, originally Fusius and Vetusius.
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The planetarium in the animated series South Park (1997) carries the inscription "Me transmitte sursum, Caledoni!", which is a translation of the misquotation into Latin. Christa Pöpperlmann: Nomen est omen: Die bekanntesten lateinischen Zitate & Redewendungen und was dahintersteckt. Compact Verlag 2008, , p.
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The nomen Percennius belongs to a class of gentilicia of Oscan origin, derived from earlier names, in this instance the Oscan praenomen Percennus. The ancestors of the Percennii were most likely Samnites, Sabines, or came from another Oscan-speaking people.Chase, pp. 127, 128.
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The sketch may be of Caranx vinctus, but it is not anatomically detailed, and the species is rendered a nomen dubium. The species common name, cocinero, is the Spanish word for cook or chef, with barred jack and striped jack also occasionally used.
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The nomen Stellius is derived from the Latin Stella, a star, which sometimes appears as a cognomen, in its original form, or in the derivative form Stellio.Cassell's Latin and English Dictionary, s.v. stella."Arruntius Stella", Tacitus, Annales, xiii. 22; Statius, Silvae, i. (dedicatio).
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Benton, M.J, Juul, L., Storrs, G.W., and Galton, P.M. (2000). Anatomy and systematics of the prosauropod dinosaur Thecodontosaurus antiquus from the upper Triassic of southwest England. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20(1):77-108. It is best regarded as a nomen dubium.
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Several authors (e.g. Woodward & Sherborn 1890; Swinton 1936; Steel 1970) regarded Calamospondylus as a nomen nudum for Aristosuchus and therefore based on the same specimen as the Aristosuchus holotype.A. S. Woodward and C. D. Sherborn. 1890. A Catalogue of British Fossil Vertebrata.
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In 1999, Paul Penkalski and Peter Dodson concluded that Ceratops, despite being is a nomen dubium because the material is too meager, appeared closely related to Avaceratops which may even be a juvenile Ceratops; there is not enough material to prove it.
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Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 5(2), 209–243. In 2011, it was entered into a phylogenetic analysis and found to be a close relative of Coelophysis rhodesiensis. The lack of material has led many paleontologists to reject it as a nomen dubium.
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Polyodontosaurus is a potentially dubious genus of troodontid dinosaur named in 1932 by Gilmore for a left dentary from the Dinosaur Park Formation. It had been considered a synonym of Stenonychosaurus or Troodon for a significant time, before being declared a nomen dubium.
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Rome, FAO. pp. 57–152. Some authorities regard S. bartletti as a nomen dubium. S. bartletti is known from only the holotype and six other specimens (all cuttlebones) described by Tom Iredale in 1954. It is possibly a junior synonym of Sepia bandensis.
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However, Gee et al. (2018) declared Fayella a nomen dubium, assigning it to Temnospondyli indeterminate and coining Nooxobeia for UCLA VP 3066, which is definitely a dissorophid.Bryan M. Gee; Diane Scott; Robert R. Reisz (2018). "Reappraisal of the Permian dissorophid Fayella chickashaensis".
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These fossils, although possibly sinraptorid, are now considered to be non- diagnostic, making S. campi a nomen dubium.X.-C. Wu, P. J. Currie, Z. Dong, S. Pan, and T. Wang. 2009. A new theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Lufeng, Yunnan, China.
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The root of the nomen Justinius is the cognomen Justus, referring to someone known for being "just" or "fair".New College Latin & English Dictionary, s.v. justus. This was one of a large class of surnames derived from the character of an individual.Chase, pp.
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The nomen Neratius is classified by Chase with a group of names, ending in -atius, either because they were derived from cognomina ending in -as or -atis, indicating cognomina derived from place names, or from passive participles ending in -atus.Chase, p. 127.
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The nomenclature of Appius Silvius Junius Silanus would seem to indicate that he was a descendant of the noble house of the Junii Silani, though whether Silvius was his paternal nomen, or came in through his mother's side, is not readily apparent.
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Metaperipatus is a genus of velvet worms in the family Peripatopsidae that contains the species Metaperipatus inae. The type locality is in central Chile. A second species assigned to this genus, Metaperipatus blainvillei (Gervais, 1837), is considered a nomen dubium by Oliveira et al., 2012.
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The second Marcellinus referred to in the Verona inscription had the nomen Iulius, and his status was Vir Egregius. He was probably a serving soldier. His rank is not indicated, but he may have been either a tribunus or a praefectus legionisPLRE(Iul. Marcellinus 19).
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The Cominii used the praenomina Postumus, Lucius, Sextus, Publius, Gaius, and Quintus. Of these it has been suggested that Postumus is a mistake for the nomen Postumius, but Postumus was an ancient praenomen, and was probably used by the earliest generations of this family.
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The nomen Staius is of Oscan origin, and belongs to a large class of gentilicia formed using the suffix '. The first of the Staii appearing in history was a Samnite, as were many of the other Staii known from inscriptions.PW, "Staius".Chase, p. 120.
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Avelia is a genus of karyorelict ciliates belonging to the family Geleiidae. The genus name is a taxonomic patronyms honoring Marcel Avel (1900–1983; professor of anatomy), with slight modification into the nomen novum Avelia to avoid a taxonomic homonymy with the moth genus Avela.
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Re: N.xiphioides + N.mikei. Carnivorous Plant Mailing List, September 26, 1995. This name is a nomen nudum (naked name), as it was never formally published. Nepenthes mikei was formally described by Bruce Salmon and Ricky Maulder in a 1995 issue of the Carnivorous Plant Newsletter.
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Gymnothorax sagenodeta is a moray eel found in the western Indian Ocean, around Mauritius.Gymnothorax sagenodeta at www.fishbase.org. It was first named by John Richardson in 1848. This species is classified as Nomen dubium by FishBase, but is accepted by the World Register of Marine Species.
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F. Nopcsa, 1918, "Leipsanosaurus n. gen. ein neuer thyreophore aus der Gosau", Földtani Közlöny 48: 324-328 Another European ankylosaurid, Rhodanosaurus ludguensis Nopsca, 1929, from Campanian- Maastrichtian-age rocks of southern France, is now regarded as a nomen dubium and referred to Nodosauridae incertae sedis.
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Although initially believed to be a proterosuchid archosauriform, a 2016 analysis found that it also shared features with tanystropheids, and thus is currently classified as Archosauromorpha incertae sedis. Due to the small amount of preserved material, this genus is sometimes considered a nomen dubium.
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The nomen Fulcinius belongs to a class of gentilicia formed from cognomina ending in the diminutive suffix '. The root, Fulcina, seems to be related to the Latin fulcire, "to support", "maintain", or "prop up".Chase, p. 126.New College Latin & English Dictionary, s.v. fulcio.
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Calamita melanorabdotus is a possible species of frog reported from Brazil in 1799. The status of this name placed in the subfamily Hylinae is unclear; Some authorities consider it to be a junior synonym of Hyla lactea, while others consider it a nomen dubium.
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He was part of the gens Antonia. It is possible that he was a plebeian, since the nomen Antonius is found among the plebeians more often than the patricians in this era. He was the father of Quintus Antonius Merenda, military tribune in 422 BC.
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Trimucrodon (meaning "three-pointed tooth") is a genus of herbivorous dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Alcobaça Formation of what is now Portugal. It has been classified as a basal ornithischian, but is a nomen dubium: it is a "tooth genus" known only from its teeth.
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The designations Major and Minor were not really part of their names, but were used to distinguish between sisters, who bore the same nomen. Since there were a great many Corneliae at Rome, Caesar's wife is occasionally referred to as Cornelia Cinnae, or "Cinna's Cornelia".
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Galton and Cluver (1976) synonymized G. taylori with M. harriesi and considered G. transvaalensis to be a nomen dubium. Both G. taylori and G. transvaalensis were synonymized by Michael Cooper (1981) with M. carinatus and Galton and Upchurch (2004) considered them to be dubious.
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Li Kui, Zhang Yuguang & Cai Kaiji. 1999. The Characteristics of the Composition of the Trace Elements in Jurassic Dinosaur Bones and Red Beds in Sichuan Basin. Geological Publishing House, Beijing A description was not provided, however, and the name is seen as a nomen nudum.
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The nomen Justius is derived from the cognomen Justus, one of a class of surnames referring to the character or habits of an individual, in this case describing someone as "just", "fair", or "righteous".New College Latin & English Dictionary, s.v. justus.Chase, pp. 110, 111.
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It lived during the Late Cretaceous in what is now Argentina. It is known only from three fossilized teeth, and is therefore a tooth taxon. It is a nomen dubium.Clasmodosaurus The type species, Clasmodosaurus spatula, was described by Argentine paleontologist Florentino Ameghino in 1898.
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Several inscriptions of this gens are from Casilinum in Campania, while others are from Larinum in Samnium, suggesting an Oscan origin. The nomen Iteius appears to belong to a class of gentilicia formed using the suffix ', which was typical of Oscan names.Chase, pp. 120, 121.
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The nomen Nerius is identical to, and probably derived from, the Umbrian or Sabine praenomen Nerius or Nero, which was traditionally described as meaning fortis ac strenuus, "strong and sturdy". This would seem to indicate that the Nerii were probably of Umbrian or Sabine origin.
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"Caribbean land molluscs: Bulimulidae, I. Bulimulus". Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands 45: 1-80, figs. 1-80, pls 1-7, tables 1-17. considered Bulimulus stenogyroides a nomen dubium. The material recently collected in 2009 allowed to validate Guppy’s name.
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In 1999 Li Kui mentioned "Zizhongosaurus huangshibanensis"K. Li, Y. Zhang, K. Cai, 1999, The Characteristics of the Composition of the Trace Elements in Jurassic Dinosaur Bones and Red Beds in Sichuan Basin, Geological Publishing House, Beijing but this has remained an undescribed nomen nudum.
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Notes on the sedimentary iron ores of Maryland and their dinosaurian faunas. Maryland Geological Survey Special Publications 3:87-115. It is a tooth taxon, based solely on a single tooth. Since it has not been formally described, it is also a nomen nudum.
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In the same way, Sextius, Publilius, and Lucilius arose from the praenomina Sextus, Publius, and Lucius. This demonstrates that, much like later European surnames, the earliest nomina were not necessarily hereditary, but might be adopted and discarded at will, and changed from one generation to the next. The practice from which these patronymics arose also gave rise to the filiation, which in later times, once the nomen had become fixed, nearly always followed the nomen. Other nomina were derived from names that later came to be regarded as cognomina, such as Plancius from Plancus or Flavius from Flavus; or from place-names, such as Norbanus from Norba.
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The praenomen, even under the classic system, had never been particularly distinctive because of the limited number of praenomina available. Between the late Republic and the second century AD, the praenomen gradually became less used and eventually disappeared altogether. Even among the senatorial aristocracy it became a rarity by about 300 AD. In part this came about through a tendency for the same praenomen to be given to all males of a family, thereby fossilizing a particular preaenomen/nomen combination and making the praenomen even less distinctive e.g. all males in the emperor Vespasian's family (including all his sons) had the praenomen/nomen combination Titus Flavius:Salway, p.
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In Latin the word res (thing) is used. Some Latin legal writers used the name Numerius Negidius as a John Doe placeholder name; this name was chosen in part because it shares its initials with the Latin phrases (often abbreviated in manuscripts to NN) nomen nescio, "I don't know the name"; nomen nominandum, "name to be named" (used when the name of an appointee was as yet unknown); and non nominatus/nominata, "not named". Formal writing in (especially older) Dutch uses almost as much Latin as the lawyer's English, and, for instance, "N.N." was and is commonly used as a "John Doe" placeholder in class schedules, grant proposals, etc.
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Harri Harmaja disagreed, later placing Fastigiella in synonymy with Gyromitra. In a 2009 review of the genus Gyromitra, authors van Vooren and Moreau say that Bosc's original species description is ambiguous, leaving much room for interpretation, and they suggest that several reports of the species occurring in Europe should be referred to Gyromitra fastigiata. They point out that in 1970, Estonian mycologist Ain Raitviir considered Bosc's Morchella caroliniana a nomen dubium, and Fries's description as nomen confusum, and advocated the abandonment of the specific epithet caroliniana. In the early 1970s, Kent McKnight redefined the taxon and selected a neotype, based on five specimens collected from Lorton, Virginia in 1942.
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Two nomina sacra are highlighted, and , representing Jesus and God respectively, in this passage from John 1 in Codex Vaticanus (B), 4th century In Christian scribal practice, nomina sacra (singular: nomen sacrum from Latin sacred name) is the abbreviation of several frequently occurring divine names or titles, especially in Greek manuscripts of Holy Scripture. A nomen sacrum consists of two or more letters from the original word spanned by an overline. Metzger lists 15 such expressions from Greek papyri: the Greek counterparts of God, Lord, Jesus, Christ, Son, Spirit, David, Cross, Mother, Father, Israel, Savior, Man, Jerusalem, and Heaven.Bruce Metzger, Manuscripts of the Greek Bible, pp.
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While better known than the Angolan talapoin, and recognized as distinct as far back as 1969, the Gabon talapoin remained unnamed until 1997. Kingdon pointed out that the presently used binomial, where the specific name is a reference to the Ogoue River, is a nomen nudum: : A nomen nudum, 'Miopithecus ogouensis' is used here [in Kingdon's book] in anticipation of a formal description. However, it can be argued that his description is valid per ICZN rules, as he included an illustration (thereby possibly providing a valid type), a description, and specifically said the name was intended for this new species, leading later authorities to accept it.
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The nomen Caninius may be connected with the Latin adjective canus or kanus, meaning "white" or "grey", perhaps referring to the color of a person's hair. It might also be derived from the adjective caninus, meaning "hound-like", "snarling".D.P. Simpson, Cassell's Latin & English Dictionary (1963).
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Houornis is a genus of enantiornithean birds from the Jiufotang Formation of Liaoning, People's Republic of China. It is known from a single species, Houornis caudatus, which had been once been classified as a species of Cathayornis, and has also been regarded as a nomen dubium.
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Wellnhofer, P., 1970, "Die Pterodactyloidea (Pterosauria) der Oberjura- Plattenkalke Süddeutschlands", Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch- Wissenschaftlichen Klasse, Abhandlungen 141:133 pp In 2004, Michael Maisch e.a. concluded that it represented a new genus, which they indicated as "Daitingopterus" in a diagram. It remained a nomen nudum.
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Upon further examination of the specimens, Evans et al. in 2009 reaffirmed the validity of the genus name and placed the genus in the Varanopidae. However they were unable to determine enough distinct characters to maintain the species Thrausmosaurus serratidens, and thus declared the name nomen dubium.
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They use basic weapons, favoring the spear most of all. Nomen can be found in the Dunwood and are said to inhabit the Hest Mountains beyond Inkarra in great numbers. In the distant past, they came north and invaded, but were slaughtered and their numbers greatly reduced.
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Deus, "god"; dea, "goddess", plural deae; di or dii, "gods", plural, or "deities", of mixed gender. The Greek equivalent is theos, which the Romans translated with deus. Servius saysServius, note to Aeneid 12.139. that deus or dea is a "generic term" (generale nomen) for all gods.
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The gens Opiternia was a Faliscan family occurring in Roman history. The nomen Opiternius is a patronymic surname, derived from the ancient praenomen Opiter, as is the related Opetreius, and perhaps shares a common root with the nomina of the gentes Oppia and Opsia.Chase, pp. 148, 149.
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Nothing is known of Aper's origins or the date and circumstances of his birth. The praenomen and nomen with which Aper is associated (i.e. 'Lucius' and 'Flavius' respectively) are known only from an epigraph commemorating a man named Aper from Poetovio - see below.Arch. Ertesito (AE), 1936, Nos.
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"Dinosaur distribution." Pp. 517-607. As it is known only from fragmentary remains, Embasaurus is considered by some to be a possible nomen dubium. It was named after the Emba River, and it is believed to have lived during the Berriasian stage, around 140 million years ago.
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The nomen Opimius is derived from the versatile Latin adjective opimus, which may be translated as "best, highest" or "fat, abundant, fruitful". The name belongs to a large class of gentilicia which were either Roman or which cannot be shown to have originated elsewhere.Chase, pp. 129–132.
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This is a nomen dubium, a possible member of the Abelisauridae. In 1988, Gregory S. Paul renamed Torvosaurus tanneri Galton & Jensen 1979 into Megalosaurus tanneri. The change has found no acceptance. In 1973, Anatoly Konstantinovich Rozhdestvensky had renamed Poekilopleuron schmidti Kiprijanow 1883 into a Megalosaurus sp.
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Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (3): 576. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.819808. More recently, Trematochampsa taqueti was declared a nomen dubium by Meunier and Larsson (2018), who found that the materials assigned to it were from several different taxa. They also recommended that the taxon Trematochampsidae be abandoned.
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Voss based the opinion on the type species, H. schinzii, being nomen dubium, with its holotype fossil, an isolated molar, having no diagnostic value.Voss, Manja. "On the invalidity of Halitherium schinzii Kaup, 1838 (Mammalia, Sirenia), with comments on systematic consequences." Zoosystematics and Evolution 90 (2014): 87.
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This genus is named for Sally Walker, conservationist from the Zoo Outreach Organisation. The genus was then renamed into Sallywalkerana because of homonymy with the insect genus Walkerana Otte and Perez-Gelabert, 2009, but the latter is now considered nomen nudum, making the replacement name unnecessary.
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Buffetaut E. 1982. Aggiosaurus nicaeensis Ambayrac, 1913, from the Upper Jurassic of south-eastern France: A marine crocodilian, not a dinosaur. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte (8): 469-475. As the type specimen is poorly preserved it is sometimes considered to be a nomen dubium.
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The nomen Rufrius seems to be derived from the Latin ruber, red or ruddy, and is frequently confused with Rufius, derived from the similar rufus, red. Ruber may have been a cognomen given to someone with red or reddish hair.New College Latin & English Dictionary, s. v. ruber.
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Volgadraco was described in 2008 by Averianov, Arkhangelsky, and Pervushov. The type species is V. bogolubovi, the specific name honouring Russian paleontologist Nikolai Nikolaevich Bogolubov. The authors consider the earlier named genus Bogolubovia to be a nomen dubium that in fact might be identical to Volgadraco.
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2014, ACM created a dedicated annual conference on ICN (ICN-2014. ICN-2015, ICN-2016, ICN-2017, ICN-2018). Also relevant are the Workshops on Emerging Design Choices in Name-Oriented Networking (NOMEN) held at the IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications in 2012 and 2013.
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Catullus, Carmina, 12. The nomen Asinius is derived from the cognomen Asina, a she-ass, one of a large class of surnames derived from familiar objects and animals. A related but more familiar name was Asellus, borne as a cognomen by the Cornelii and Claudii.Chase, pp.
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Berries are red, spherical to ellipsoid, up to 15 mm (0.6 inches) long. It can be found in wooded bluffs, hillsides and ravines at elevations less than 500 m (1650 feet).Rehder, Alfred. Schisandra Michaux, nomen genericum conservandum. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 25(1): 131. 1944.
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The nomen Pupius seems to be derived from the Latin pupus, a child. From this it seems that the Pupii were Latins, and Chase classifies them among those gentes that either originated at Rome, or cannot be shown to have come from anywhere else.Chase, p. 131.
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Elopteryx is a genus of, perhaps troodontid, maniraptoran theropod dinosaur based on fragmentary fossils found in late Cretaceous Period rocks of Romania. The single species, Elopteryx nopcsai, is known only from very incomplete material, and therefore is considered a nomen dubium ("dubious name") by most paleontologists.
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Von Huene assigned Walgettosuchus to the Ornithomimidae in 1932. In his 1990 review, Ralph Molnar noted that the type cannot be distinguished from tail vertebrae from ornithomimids or allosaurids, and considered it to be an indeterminate theropod and a nomen dubium or (more likely) an invalid taxon.
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It fed on plants in a variety of environments across what is now South America. Among the species described, M. patachonica and M. ullomensis are considered valid; M. boliviensis is considered a nomen dubium; and M. antiqua (or M. antiquus) has been moved to the genus Promacrauchenia.
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The nomen Tarpeius belongs to a common class of gentilicia formed using the suffix -eius. Such names are typical of Sabine gentes, perhaps explaining the association of the Tarpeii with the war of Romulus against the Sabines at the beginning of Roman history.Chase, pp. 120, 121.
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This locality has also produced the ankylosaur Tianzhenosaurus, theropod material referred to cf. Szechuanosaurus campi (now regarded as a nomen dubium), and indeterminate hadrosaurid material. This species also coexisted with ostracods and charophytes, and the ankylosaurian Shanxia, considered by Weishampel et al. to be ankylosauria indet.
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Pais 715 name(Anauni). These inscriptions might indicate that Probus originated in this region, but are not conclusive. However, Probus' nomen does indicate that his family's citizen-status pre-dated the Constitutio Antoniniana of 212 AD. This may mean that the family were people of substance.
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Akouas (or Acuas) was an important figure in early Manichaeism. He has been identified with another Manichaean figure from Iranian sources named Mar Zaku.Iricinschi, Eduard & Holger M. Zellentin (eds.) Heresy and Identity in Late Antiquity: "the Nomen Manichaeorum and Its Uses in Late Antiquity." Page 149.
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Spondylophryne villanyensis is name given to a prehistoric amphibian placed in the family Discoglossidae (=Alytidae). It was described based on material from Villány, Hungary. Later studies have criticized the extreme brevity of the description and lack of illustration; the name could be considered a nomen nudum.
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The nomen Rusticelius belongs to a class of gentilicia formed from cognomina ending in the diminutive suffixes -illus and -ellus. It appears to be derived from rusticellus, clownish, probably a diminutive of rusticus, rural or unsophisticated, rustic.Chase, p. 124.New College Latin & English Dictionary, s. v. rusticus.
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The nomen Furius is a patronymic surname derived from Fusus, apparently an ancient praenomen that had fallen out of use before historical times. This name was preserved, however, as a cognomen used by many of the early Furii, including the families of the Medullini and the Pacili'.
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Dinosaurs of the Isle of Wight, The Palaeontological Association, London.Galton, P.M., 2009, "Notes on Neocomian (Late Cretaceous) ornithopod dinosaurs from England - Hypsilophodon, Valdosaurus, "Camptosaurus", "Iguanodon" - and referred specimens from Romania and elsewhere", Revue de Paléobiologie 28(1): 211-273 Lacking description, it is a nomen nudum.
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The nomen Nonius is a patronymic surname, based on the praenomen Nonus, presumably belonging to an ancestor of the gens.Chase, p. 151. The name is undoubtedly Latin, although the first of the Nonii to rise to prominence at Rome is said to have come from Picenum.Syme, pp.
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Inquisitor multilirata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae. This species is considered a nomen dubium by Tucker in his "Catalog of recent and fossil turrids".Tucker, J.K. 2004 Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zootaxa 682:1–1295Gastropods.
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The nomen Servenius gives few indications of the family's origin. It seems to belong to a class of gentilicia formed with suffixes that never became widespread, or came to be regarded as regular gentile-forming suffixes.Chase, p. 127. The geographical distribution of the earliest Servenii may be more useful.
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Those specimens that remain under the name Monoclonius are mostly too incomplete or immature to be confidently matched with adult specimens from the same time and place. This is especially true of the type species, Monoclonius crassus. Therefore, Monoclonius is now usually considered a nomen dubium, pending further study.
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Linnaeus and the Species Problem. Taxon 2(3): 55–58. The second word of the binomial, the nomen triviale as Linnaeus called it, is now known as the specific epithet and the two words, the generic name and specific epithet together make up the species name.Lawrence, George H.M. 1951.
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Eucalyptus corymbosus, published in 1797 by Cavanilles in his book Icones et Descriptiones Plantarum is an orthographical variant. Eucalyptus oppositifolia, published in 1804 by Desfontaines is a nomen nudum because no description was provided. Eucalyptus purpurascens var. petiolaris, published in 1828 by de Candolle is regarded as a synonym.
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Birley, pg. 340 His praenomen and nomen Marcus Antonius suggest that his paternal ancestors received Roman citizenship under the Triumvir Mark Antony, or one of his daughters, during the late Roman Republic.Birley, pg. 340 Gordian’s cognomen ‘Gordianus’ suggests that his family origins were from Anatolia, especially Galatia and Cappadocia.
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Possibly, Brignioli believed the mollusk genus to be a nomen dubium; it is certainly weakly defined (Carter 1971 fide Sánchez 1999) but it is still generally accepted as valid. In any case, the lepidopteran genus is well-defined and valid. Thus, another replacement name for the spider became necessary.
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Kiwa is an electronic music live act from Finland by Markku Louhio (Mark Nomen). Original members also included Matti Elsinen (DJ Mauzer). Since 2016 Markku has continued the project as a solo artist. Markku and Matti began their musical careers as producers in the psychedelic trance scene in 1995.
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The nomen Crassicius belongs to a class of gentilicia originally formed from surnames ending in ', in this instance Crassicus, a lengthened form of Crassus.Chase, p. 126. This cognomen was derived from a Latin adjective meaning "thick", "dull", or "rude", and by extension also indicating someone fat.Chase, p. 110.
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The Salvii were doubtless of Sabellic origin, as their nomen is a patronymic surname derived from the common Oscan praenomen Salvius.Chase, p. 141. They probably spread throughout Italy long before obtaining Roman citizenship; the emperor Otho was descended from an ancient and noble family of Ferentinum, in Etruria.
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Indirana tenuilingua is a species of frog that is considered nomen inquirendum. It is only known from the type series, now lost, from its type locality, Kemphole (also spelled "Kempholey"), in the Western Ghats of India. It is sometimes known as Rao's Indian frog or slender-tongued frog.
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Whatever the origin of the family, it may be noted that during the first century of the Republic, two leaders of the Aequi, an Oscan people of central Italy, bore the nomen Cloelius.Sextus Pompeius Festus, epitome of Marcus Verrius Flaccus, De Verborum Significatu, s.v. Cloelia.Livy, iii. 25-28, iv.
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Impatiens ecornuta, the spurless touch-me-not or western touch-me-not, is an annual flowering plant native to the northwestern United States and British Columbia in Canada.Impatiens ecornuta. USDA PLANTS. The name of the species was changed in 2012 as Impatiens ecalcarata was found to be nomen illegitimum.
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The nomen Porcius was derived from porcus, a pig.Chase, p. 131. It belongs to a class of gentilicia derived from the names of common animals and objects, such as Asinius, Ovinius, Caprarius, and Taurus. The Porcii were reputed to have come from the ancient city of Tusculum in Latium.
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Avicularia metallica is considered to be a doubtful name (nomen dubium), and was not accepted as a valid species by the World Spider Catalog. A species is known by this name in the pet trade, where it may be called the whitetoe tarantula.Common Names Of Arachnids. Fifth Edition, 2003.
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Several Czech fossils described by Frič as other genera may actually represent additional Diplovertebron material. Hemichthys problematica, a supposed fish skull described in 1895, was later found to be an anthracosaur skull. Klembara et al. (2014) petitioned for a redescription of Hemichthys, which they regarded as a nomen oblitum.
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Purbeckopus is an ichnotaxon of pterosaur of the family Pteraichnidae. Considered as a nomen dubium, it lived in southern England during the Berriasian, in the Upper Cretaceous. According to the fossil remains found, it is expected that it was a large pterosaur, with 6 m (19.7 ft) in wingspan.
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The nomen Romanius belongs to a large class of gentilicia formed from surnames ending in the suffix -anus, typically derived from place-names. Here the name is derived from a cognomen, Romanus, referring to a resident of Rome itself.Chase, p. 118.New College Latin & English Dictionary, s. v. Romanus.
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The nomen Rubrenus seems to belong to a class of names derived from other gentilicia using the suffix -enus in place of -inus, a Latin ending that would be more typical of cognomina. The name was most likely derived from Rubrius, from ruber, red or ruddy.Chase, pp. 118, 131.
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492 ("Blandus"). The nomen Rubellius belongs to a class of gentilicia formed using the diminutive suffix -ellius, typically derived from other gentile names. In this case the root may have been a name such as Rubius, Rubrius, or Rufius, derived from ruber, reddish or ruddy, or rufus, red.Chase, pp.
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It was transferred to Chilantaisaurus in 1990, but is now considered a nomen dubium indeterminate beyond Theropoda. Allosaurus meriani was a new combination by George Olshevsky for Megalosaurus meriani Greppin, 1870, based on a tooth from the Late Jurassic of Switzerland.Olshevsky, 1978. The archosaurian taxa (excluding the Crocodylia).
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Nominalists assert that only individuals or particulars exist and deny that universals are real (i.e. that they exist as entities or beings; universalia post res). The term "nominalism" comes from the Latin nomen ("name"). Four major forms of nominalism are predicate nominalism, resemblance nominalism, trope nominalism, and conceptualism.
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As a nomen, Marius is probably derived from the Oscan praenomen Marius, in which case the family may be of Sabine or Sabellic background, although in this form the name is Latinized, and the family cannot be proven to have originated anywhere other than Rome.Chase, pp. 131, 139.
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Nepenthes pantaronensis is a tropical pitcher plant native to the Philippines. It is known only from Mount Sumagaya and the Pantaron Mountain Range of central Mindanao, where it grows in lower and upper montane forest. On Mount Sumagaya it is sympatric with N. sumagayaCheek, M. 2014. Nomen novum Nepenthes.
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It was described in 1975 by Richard Anthony Thulborn. It had small ornithopod-like teeth with vertical grooves. This animal is only known from these teeth, and is usually considered a nomen dubium. The type species is Alocodon kuehnei, the specific epithet honoring the German paleontologist Georg Kühne.
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The nomen Strabonius belongs to a class of gentilicia derived primarily from cognomina ending in '. The surname Strabo was originally applied to a person known for squinting, part of a large group of cognomina deriving from the physical traits and characteristics of an individual.Chase, pp. 109, 118, 119.
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Already in the early twentieth century new finds made it increasingly difficult to distinguish the limited remains of Ceratops from several other related forms. Today, Ceratops is considered a nomen dubium.P. Dodson and P. J. Currie, 1990, "Neoceratopsia". In: D.B. Weishampel, H. Osmolska, and P. Dodson (eds.), The Dinosauria.
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The nomen Rabuleius belongs to a large class of gentilicia formed with the suffix -eius, which was often, but not exclusively of Oscan origin.Chase, pp. 120, 121. According to Dionysius, the decemvir Manius Rabuleius was a patrician, although earlier Dionysius mentions a Rabuleius who was tribune of the plebs.
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The nomen Tadius seems to be of Sabine origin. Some of the Tadii known from inscriptions came from Sabinum, and Chase classifies the name among those gentilicia that were evidently not Latin, but came from Sabinum, Umbria, or other parts of central and southern Italy.Chase, pp. 128, 129.
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A new armored saurian from the Niobrara. The American Journal of Science, series 4 27:250-252 Nowadays, Hierosaurus is considered a nomen dubium, and a second species, H. coleii, was reassigned to the new genus Niobrarasaurus in 1995.K. Carpenter, D. W. Dilkes, and D. B. Weishampel. 1995.
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Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie/Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart 1-87 Galton and Cluver (1976) as well as Galton and Upchurch (2004), however, designated this genus a nomen dubium.P. M. Galton and M. A. Cluver. 1976. Anchisaurus capensis (Broom) and a revision of the Anchisauridae (Reptilia, Saurischia).
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The nomen Nasidienus probably belongs to a class of names deriving from other gentilicia, in this case perhaps Nasidius. Such names were not very characteristic of Latin nomina, but were quite common in Picenum, suggesting that the Nasidieni may originally have come from that region of Italy.Chase, p. 118.
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"Gspsaurus" (a nomen manuscriptum) is a titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Vitakri Formation of Sulaiman Basin of Pakistan. It has been suggested to be synonymous with the also invalid taxon "Maojandino", also proposed by Malkani.Malkani, M.S., 2015. Dinosaurs, Mesoeucrocodiles, Pterosaurs, New Fauna and Flora from Pakistan.
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The nomen Sornatius resembles other gentilicia formed using the suffix ', usually from cognomina ending in ' or ', derived from place names, or participles ending in '.Chase, p. 126. However, there are no known corresponding surnames; there was, however, a town called Sornum in Dacia.Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, vol.
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This species is of doubtful status. Aurivillius treated it as a west African race of Belenois thysa in 1898, but treated it as distinct in 1910. Larsen regarded it to possibly be a natural hybrid and suggested that it should be treated as a nomen dubium in 2005.
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It consists of partial skeleton lacking the skull. It contains a pelvis with sacrum, two vertebrae and three back plates. The fragmentary condition of this single skeleton places doubt on the validity of this genus, some studies concluding it is a nomen dubium. Monkonosaurus was about five metres long.
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The carapace length is typically about . It was originally described by Vincenz Kollar as Palaemon anophtalmus (a misspelling of "anophthalmus"), but this name was considered to be a nomen nudum for a long time. This name is, however, accompanied by a description, and predates Dormitzer's junior synonym Troglocaris schmidtii.
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Scholarly opinion is in agreement that the first reference to Marcellinus is from an inscription that places him in Verona around 265 AD. However, the matter of his identity is complicated by the fact that his consular reference does not include a nomen while the Verona inscription names two Marcellini either of whom may have been the Consul Posterior of 275 AD.CIL V, 3329 Verona=AE 2008, 264. The first Marcellinus referred to in this inscription by order of seniority had the nomen Aurelius. He is described as a Vir Perfectissimus and a dux - in other words, a senior officer carrying out a specific commission for the ruling Emperor (Gallienus). His task in Verona was to fortify the city.
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Apart from the praenomen, the filiation was the oldest element of the Roman name. Even before the development of the nomen as a hereditary surname, it was customary to use the name of a person's father as a means of distinguishing him or her from others with the same personal name, like a patronymic; thus Lucius, the son of Marcus would be Lucius, Marci filius; Paulla, the daughter of Quintus, would be Paulla, Quinti filia. Many nomina were derived in the same way, and most praenomina have at least one corresponding nomen, such as Lucilius, Marcius, Publilius, Quinctius, or Servilius. These are known as patronymic surnames, because they are derived from the name of the original bearer's father.
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A species first named by Gerard Krefft in 1872, using a specimen obtained at Albany by the local collector George Maxwell. The author assigned the name Podabrus albocaudatus with a description that was published in an Eastern States newspaper, the Sydney Mail. The same specimen, the holotype of the species, was described by Ellis Troughton in 1932 without reference to Krefft's earlier description. Despite the precedence of Krefft's first description, later recognised as a valid and available name, the later name was in widespread use and conserved to ensure taxonomic stability; the name Podabrus albocaudatus was deemed to be an objective synonym and declared a nomen oblitum and Sminthopsis granulipes Troughton 1932 a nomen protectum.
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In the same paper, several skull and vertebral fossils from the Tademaït of Algeria were attributed to a new species of Spinosaurus called S. maroccanus, which was described and compared to Cristatusaurus. Spinosaurus maroccanus is now considered by most paleontologists either a nomen dubium (name of uncertain application) or one synonymous with S. aegyptiacus. Two months after Taquet and Russel published their paper, another spinosaurid genus and species was named from the Erlhaz Formation, Suchomimus tenerensis. Its describers, the American paleontologist Paul Sereno and colleagues, agreed with Charig and Milner in that there was no distinction between the skull fossils of Baryonyx and Cristatusaurus; concluding that the latter was a nomen dubium.
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As a nomen, Gavius is a patronymic surname, derived from the praenomen Gavius. In historical times, this praenomen was used by the Oscan- speaking peoples of central and southern Italy, suggesting that the Gavii were originally of Sabine or Samnite origin;Chase, p. 127. one of the most famous persons with this praenomen was Gavius Pontius, a Samnite general during the Second Samnite War. But as with other patronymic surnames, there may originally have been several unrelated families bearing the same nomen, and some of these could also have been of Latin origin; Gavius is thought to be the original form of Gaius, one of the most common praenomina in every period of Roman history.
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The gens Cantia was an obscure plebeian family at Rome. The only member of this gens mentioned in history is Marcus Cantius, tribune of the plebs in 293 BC; however, some manuscripts of Livy give his nomen as Scantius.Livy, x. 46.Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol.
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Cornell, The Beginnings of Rome, pp. 135, 138, 139. The nomen is certainly derived from the city of Tarquinii, in Etruscan Tarchna or Tarchuna, after its legendary founder, the folk-hero Tarchon, although in historical times the Tarchna family had branches at both Tarquinii and Caere.Grant, History of Rome, p.
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It was once thought that she was a daughter to Roman Magistrate Marcus Aufidius Lurco. In actuality her name was Alfidia, a nomen which was quite rare. She married the future praetor, Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus. They had at least one child: a daughter Livia Drusilla (58 BC-29 AD).
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In October 2005, a rotational lightcurve of Otthild was obtained from photometric observations by European observers Reiner Stoss, Jaume Nomen, Salvador Sanchez, Raoul Behrend and Laurent Bernasconi. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of hours with a relatively low brightness amplitude of magnitude (), which is indicative of a regular shape.
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Shunosaurus skeletons are on display at the Zigong Dinosaur Museum in Zigong, Sichuan Province, and the Tianjin Natural History Museum. A second species, S. ziliujingensis, a name mentioned in the Zigong museum guide to indicate a smaller and older form, has never been formally described, and thus remains a nomen nudum.
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Denarius issued for the anti-Neronian rebel Clodius Macer in 68 AD Clodius is an alternate form of the Roman nomen Claudius, a patrician gens that was traditionally regarded as Sabine in origin. The alternation of o and au is characteristic of the Sabine dialect. The feminine form is Clodia.
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The name was first published in Nepenthes of Mount Kinabalu, but was a nomen nudum at the time as it lacked an adequate description and information on the type specimen. The name was subsequently published validly by Kurata in 1984.Kurata, S. 1984. Journal of Insectivorous Plant Society 35: 65.
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As a cognomen, Spurinna appears in the Vestricia gens, the members of which gained considerable fame from the time of Caesar to that of Trajan, but the majority of epigraphic occurrences are as a nomen gentilicium.Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. III, pp. 897, 898 ("Vestritius Spurinna").
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They were later regarded as undiagnostic, rendering T. conspicuus a nomen dubium. T. antiquus, which was named in the late 1900s from the Gogolin Formation of Poland, was based on vertebrae shorter than those of other Tanystropheus species. Its specimens were subsequently lost until they were rediscovered in the 21st century.
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Neferirkare is attested in two ancient Egyptian king lists, both dating to the New Kingdom. The earliest of these is the Abydos King List written during the reign of Seti I (fl. 1290–1279 BCE). There, Neferirkare's nomen "Kakai" occupies the 28th entry, in between those of Sahure and Neferefre.
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Nicholas Buesen. In 1943 Welles removed E.serpentinus from Elasmosaurus, and placed it in a new genus, Hydralmosaurus. Subsequently, all Hydralmosaurus specimens were moved to Styxosaurus in 2016, rendering the former a nomen dubium. Williston published a figure of another E. serpentinus specimen in 1914; Elmer Riggs formally described it in 1939.
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691, 692 ("Julia et Papia Poppaea"). Cassius Dio notes with irony that both Papius and Poppaeus were unmarried and childless. The law was part of a more extensive attempt by Augustus to promote public morality. Other such laws came to be known as leges Juliae after the emperor's nomen gentilicium.
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The Plautii of the later Republic claimed descent from Leucon, the son of Neptune and Themisto, the daughter of Hypseus, King of the Lapiths.Hyginus, Fabulae, 157. The coins minted by Publius Plautius Hypsaeus depict Neptune and Leucon. The nomen Plautius is derived from the common Latin surname Plautus, flat-footed.
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However, since no morphologic information was presented in the abstract, C. cayetanensis technically became a nomen nudum (a named species without a description). Although Ortega et al. (1993) later published additional details about this coccidian, a complete morphologic description was not published to validate the name until 1994.(Ortega et al.
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An attempt to describe it as Chelodina rankini was made by Wells and Wellington (1985)Wells R, Wellington R. 1985. A classification of the Amphibia and Reptilia of Australia. Australian Journal of Herpetology, Supplementary Series 1: 1-61. however this was shown to be a nomen nudum by Iverson et al.
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The nomen Palpellius belongs to a class of gentilicia formed directly from cognomina using the diminutive suffix -illius or -ellius.Chase, p. 124. The name would thus seem to be derived from palpus, literally the palm of the hand; or metaphorically speaking, coaxing or flattery.New College Latin & English Dictionary, s. f. palpus.
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The nomen Didius or Deidius is of uncertain origin. It resembles a class of gentilicia formed from cognomina ending in -idus, but might be derived from a cognomen Dida. Chase classifies it among those gentilicia that either originated at Rome, or cannot be shown to have come from anywhere else.Chase, pp.
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The main praenomina of the Sicinii were Lucius, Gaius, Gnaeus, Titus, and Quintus, all of which were common throughout Roman history. The early generations of the family may have used Spurius, but the nomen of this individual is uncertain, and he may not have been a member of the same family.
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The material is probably ankylosaurid. It has been seen as a junior synonym of Pinacosaurus but the genus is more generally considered a nomen dubium, especially since Bohlin's description can only be checked by comparison with his published drawings.Arbour, Victoria Megan, 2014. Systematics, evolution, and biogeography of the ankylosaurid dinosaurs.
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Chresimus was a Greek man, likely captured as slave during a war waged by the Roman Republic in the Greek east.Forsythe, Calpurnius, p. 376.Graf, Magic in the Ancient World, p. 63. He was later freed by a member of the gens Furia, from whom he took his nomen – Furius.
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Kelmayisaurus has been thought to be a nomen dubium due to its scanty remains, and its phylogenetic position was uncertain. It has usually been regarded as a basal tetanuran of uncertain affinities.Molnar, R.E., Kurzanov, S.M., Dong, Z. (1990): Carnosauria. In: D.B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, P., H. Osmólska (ed.), The Dinosauria.
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Parahippus leonensis was named by Sellards (1916). Its type specimen is FGS 5084. Its type locality is Griscom Plantation site, which is in a Miocene marine limestone in the Torreya Formation of Florida. It was recombined as Hippodon leonensis by Quinn (1955); it was considered a nomen dubium by Macdonald (1992).
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It has been variously classified under the genera Cranchia, Leachia, Megalocranchia, and Taonius; as well as the now unaccepted genera Desmoteuthis, Hensenioteuthis, Loligopsis, and Verrilliteuthis. Various combinations of which has been paired with the specific names of Cranchia megalops, Leachia hyperborea, Taonidium pfefferi (now nomen dubium), Desmoteuthis tenera, and Desmoteuthis thori.
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The only contemporary attestation of Snaaib's reign is a painted limestone stele "of exceptionally crude quality" discovered in Abydos and now in the Egyptian Museum (CG 20517). The stele gives the nomen, prenomen, and Horus names of the king and shows him wearing the Khepresh crown and adoring the god Min.
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In 1883 W.A. Kiprijanow created a Poekilopleuron schmidti, of which the specific name honours Friedrich Schmidt, based on some indeterminate ribs and a sauropod metatarsal. This chimaera is a nomen dubium. A much later named species is Poekilopleuron valesdunensis created by Ronan Allain in 2002. In 2005 it was renamed Dubreuillosaurus.
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The material, sometimes referred to B. madagascariensis, was separated into a few dorsal vertebrae to be the new lectotype of Lapparentosaurus. A revision in 2010 by Philip Mannion concluded that Bothriospondylus is a nomen dubium. However, "Bothriospondylus" madagascariensis was treated as valid and distinct from other Middle Jurassic sauropods from Madagascar.
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Palaeospinax is an extinct genus of shark which lived from the Early Triassic to the end of the Eocene epoch. Although several species have been described, the genus is considered nomen dubium because the type-specimen of the type species, Paleospinax priscus, lacks appropriate diagnostic characters to define the genus.
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Tliltocatl aureoceps (synonym Brachypelma aureoceps) is a possible species of spider in the family Theraphosidae (tarantulas). The World Spider Catalog regards it as a nomen dubium (dubious name). Only one female has been described; this was captured in the Florida Keys, but is likely to have been imported from Mexico.
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Chase, pp. 121, 122. In this instance, the name was probably formed from the nomen Orfius, or perhaps the cognomen Orfitus, both of which are probably derived from the Oscan cognate of the Latin Orbus, a waif or orphan.Chase, pp. 127, 128, 131.Cassell's Latin and English Dictionary, s. v. Orbus.
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This genus was considered a nomen dubium by Powell in 1966,Powell A.W.B. 1966. The molluscan families Speightiidae and Turridae: an evaluation of the valid taxa, both Recent and fossil, with lists of characteristic species. Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum 5: 1–184. until Kilburn resurrected it in 2004.
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The Ankylosauria. Ph.D. thesis, New York: Columbia University This has found no acceptance, and the name is an invalid nomen ex dissertatione. Also it has been suggested that Polacanthus would be simply identical to Hylaeosaurus armatus. This was rejected by Blows in 1987, because of differences in age and anatomy.
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No literary or epigraphic evidence exists to shed light on Probus' origins. Onomastic analysis of his nomen (i.e. his family name) suggests that "Tenagino" was quite rare. Only two occurrences of the name are recorded, both in northeast Italy: Tenigenonia (sic) Claudia;CIL V 3345 (Verona) and Q. Tenagino Maximus.
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Blaise is a French and English personal name and surname (from Greek Βλάσιος, the name of Saint Blaise). From the Latin nomen Blasius, itself from the adjectiv blaesus, meaning "lisping", "stammering". The Greek Βλάσιος comes from the adjective βλαισός, meaning "bent", "distorted" or "crooked". The correlation between both etimologies is uncertain.
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The nomen Salvienus belongs to a class of gentilicia formed using the suffix ', a type associated with names of Picentine or Umbrian origin, with roots ending in '. Salvienus is a patronymic surname derived from the praenomen Salvius, common in the Oscan and Umbrian-speaking parts of Italy.Chase, pp. 118, 141.
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Centemodon (meaning "point tooth") is an extinct genus of basal phytosaur from the Late Triassic Period. It lived in what is now Pennsylvania, United States. It is classified as a nomen dubium.Centemodon in the Dinosaur On-Line Omnipedia It was found in the Red Sandstone Formation near the Schuyklill River.
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"Saraikimasoom" (meaning 'Innocent one') is an invalid species of titanosaur dinosaur from the Vitakri Formation in Pakistan. The type species, Saraikimasoom vitakri, was described by Sadiq Malkhani in 2015, in a paper describing multiple Pakistani dinosaurs, such as Gspsaurus, "Nicksaurus" and "Maojandino". Saraikimasoom is currently recognised as a nomen manuscriptum.
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"Ornimegalonyx arredondoi" is a nomen nudum; the name was proposed for this species before it was described but oteroi was eventually adopted by Oscar Arredondo (according to the rules of the ICZN, naming a species after oneself is not prohibited, but it is frowned upon as vain by the scientific community).
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Macfarlane 1914, p. 127. The name N. × kinabaluensis was first published in Shigeo Kurata's 1976 book, Nepenthes of Mount Kinabalu, but was a nomen nudum at the time as it lacked an adequate description and information on the type specimen. The name was subsequently published validly by Kurata in 1984.Kurata, S. 1984.
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Illuminated miniature of St Luke beneath the inscription Iura sacerdotii Lucas tenet ore iuuenci from Sedulius' Carmen paschale. St Augustine Gospels, Parker Library MS 286, late 6th century Sedulius (sometimes with the nomen Coelius or Caelius, both of doubtful authenticity) was a Christian poet of the first half of the 5th century.
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Splendrillia aoteana is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Drilliidae. This species has also been found a fossil in Pliocene Strata of New Zealand. This name was in 1930 introduced by Finlay as a nomen novum pro Pleurotoma laevis Hutton, 1873a, non Pleurotoma laevis Bellardi, 1847.
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His second nomen, Metilius, suggests that his mother may have been a Metilia. If so, his uncle could be the governor Publius Metilius Nepos. Probably due to his patrician rank, Bradua went from the quaestorship to praetorship. There is a possibility at some point he could have served as a military tribune.
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The taxon has long been considered a nomen dubium, owing to its fragmentary nature and some doubt as to its precise geographic and stratigraphic origins (see Tykoski et Rowe, 2004, p. 50).Tykoski, R.S., and Rowe, T. (2004). Ceratosauria. In: Weishampel, D.B., Dodson, P., and Osmólska, H. (Eds.). The Dinosauria (2nd edition).
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L. imperfecta is known from a partial skull, UMMP 7523, from same locality as the holotype of L. crosbiensis. It was collected as fragments and reassembled. Long and Murry (1995) considered it to be a nomen nudum, as there was never full formal documentation of this specimen. They referred it to L. adamanensis.
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10(2): 99–112. In 2005, Huffard and Hochberg, arguing that Robson's designation of Octopus membranaceus as a nomen dubium was premature and considering it a valid name, resurrected the genus name Amphioctopus for the Octopus aegina species complex. Huffard and Hochberg also found Schizoctopus to be a junior synonym for Amphioctopus.
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Callitriche is a genus of largely aquatic plants known as water-starwort. Previously, it was the only genus in the family Callitrichaceae. However, according to the APG II system this family is now included in the Plantaginaceae (plantain family). The family name Callitrichaceae retains its status as nomen conservandum (name to be retained).
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The nomen Spurinna belongs to a class of gentilicia of Etruscan origin, readily distinguished by the suffix ', characteristic of Etruscan nomina.Chase, pp. 117, 118. The inscriptions of this gens, mostly belonging to the imperial era, and all of which come from either Rome or Etruria, demonstrate that the feminine form was Spurinnia.
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They also considered its holotype specimen not diagnostic and classified it as a nomen dubium.Paul, G.S. and Carpenter, K. (2010). "Case 3506: Allosaurus Marsh, 1877 (Dinosauria, Theropoda): proposed conservation of usage by designation of a neotype for its type species Allosaurus fragilis Marsh, 1877." Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 67(1): 53-56.
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Mycena specialist Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus agreed with Smith's decision to change the epithet, concluding that although Grognot's name was a nomen nudum (written without an adequate description), he conceded that "the possibility cannot be excluded that one day some overlooked 19th century booklet or exsiccatum will turn up containing a description".
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Umbrian nomina typically end in -as, -anas, -enas, or -inas, while nomina ending in -arna, -erna, -ena, -enna, -ina, or -inna are characteristic of Etruscan families. The word gens is feminine, and the name of a gens was also feminine. Marcus Valerius Corvus was a member of gens Valeria. Valerius was his nomen.
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L'ABC de RLC – l'Encyclopédie de Rennes-le-Château, page 180: "Personnage emblématique de l'affaire de Rennes-le-Château, éminence grise et co-auteur de livres avec l'écrivain Gérard de Sède, dessinateur industriel, ésotériste et médium sous le nomen de Chyren, directeur, journaliste et gérant de la revue Circuit, mystificateur". (Marseille: Éditions Arqa, 2009).
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The same publication listed the ichnospecies Megalosauropus teutonicus Kaever & Lapparent 1974 as a Megalosaurus teutonicus. In 1997, Windolf renamed Saurocephalus monasterii Münster 1846, based on a tooth found near Hannover, into Megalosaurus monasterii.Windolf, R., "Theropoden-Zähne aus dem Oberen Jura Niedersachsens". In: It is a nomen dubium, an indeterminate member of the Theropoda.
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Pseudorhabdosynochus mizellei is a diplectanid monogenean parasitic on the gills of the Red hind, Epinephelus guttatus. It has been described by Kritsky, Bakenhaster and Adams in 2015. The species was named Diplectanum epinepheli by Mizelle & Wood but this name was not published and is a nomen nudum according to Kritsky, Bakenhaster & Adams (2015).
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The gens Papinia was a plebeian family at Rome. Members of this gens are first mentioned toward the end of the Republic. In imperial times, the family achieved some prominence, with Sextus Papinius Alienus holding the consulship in AD 36. The nomen Papinius is sometimes confused with the more common Papirius and Pomponius.
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The morphology of the nomen Pasidienus indicates that the family was probably not of Latin origin. The gentile-forming suffix -enus was typical of names from Picenum and the vicinity, suggesting that the Pasidieni were of Picentine or Umbrian descent. Names of this class were frequently formed from other gentiles.Chase, p. 118.
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The cognomina of the Roscii during the Republic were Fabatus and Otho. Fabatus seems to be derived from faba, a bean, also the root of the nomen Fabia, and suggests that the ancestors of the Roscii were engaged in agriculture. Otho is better known as a surname of the Salvia gens.Chase, p. 113.
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In the east, however, the new citizens formulated their names by placing "Aurelius" before versions of their non-Roman given name and a patronymic. Ultimately, the ubiquity of "Aurelius" meant that it could not function as a true distinguishing nomen, and became primarily just a badge of citizenship added to any name.
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The type species is T. aralensis. Halliday et al. (2015) revised the material attributed to T. aralensis and concluded that it represents non-diagnostic neosuchian material, and as such the genus was considered to be a nomen dubium. Skutschas, Rezvyi & Efimov (2015) considered Turanosuchus aralensis to be a junior synonym of Kansajsuchus extensus.
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Upon his adoption, Octavius assumed his great-uncle's name Gaius Julius Caesar. Roman citizens adopted into a new family usually retained their old nomen in cognomen form (e.g., Octavianus for one who had been an Octavius, Aemilianus for one who had been an Aemilius, etc.). However, though some of his contemporaries did,E.g.
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The nomen Pescennius is one of several similar gentilicia formed with the suffix -ennius, which was more typical of Oscan names than of Latin. It is derived from an Oscan praenomen, Pescennus or Perscennus, cognate with the Latin adjective praecandus, referring to someone whose hair was greying or prematurely grey.Chase, pp. 127, 128..
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PLoS ONE, 8: e63000. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063000 considered S. dakariensis to be a nomen dubium since “some forms of Spurilla neapolitana, Spurilla sp. A and Spurilla braziliana could be attributed to Spurilla dakariensis. Additionally, it has been shown that the radular morphology of aeolidiids does not allow unequivocal identification of species.
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Hyperolius thoracotuberculatus is a species of frog in the family Hyperoliidae. It is only known from the imprecise type locality "Africa". It is not possible match this name with any living populations of frogs, and it can be considered a nomen dubium. Common name warty reed frog has been coined for it.
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The Pterosaurs: From Deep Time, 84-85. Maisch and co-authors considered the genus Germanodactylus to be paraphyletic, meaning the two species were not congeneric. For "G. rhamphastinus" the genus name "Daitingopterus" was used in a table, but the rules of the ICZN were not observed, making the new name a nomen nudum.
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Since only Wazad's nomen is attested, attempts at attributing to him any given prenomen remain conjectural. Ryholt, however, proposes that a seriation of 14th Dynasty seals shows that Wazad reigned after Nehesy.K.S.B. Ryholt: The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c.1800–1550 BC, Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, vol. 20.
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Thus, he created a nomen novum for the type he had designated in Birds, as Pagodroma nivea falklandica (Bulletin of the British Orn. Club, 1926). Eventually, Hellmayr and Conover (Museum of Nat. Hist. Publications, Chicago; 1949) unraveled the matter by recognizing Pagenstecher as the authority for novegeorgica, and omitting reference to Steinen.
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H. G. Seeley. 1888. Croonian Lecture: Researches on the Structure, Organization, and Classification of the Fossil Reptilia. II. On Pareiasaurus bombidens (Owen), and the Significance of Its Affinities to Amphibians, Reptiles, and Mammals. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 179:59-109 Lee (1997) classified Parasaurus as a nomen dubium.
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Pompeius Trogus's grandfather served under Pompey in his war against Sertorius. Owing to Pompey's influence, he was able to obtain Roman citizenship and his family adopted their patron's praenomen and nomen Gnaeus Pompeius. Trogus's father served under Julius Caesar as his secretary and interpreter. Trogus himself seems to have been a polymath.
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In 2004, Peter Dodson considered it a nomen dubium,H. You and P. Dodson, 2004, "Basal Ceratopsia". In: D. B. Weishampel, H. Osmolska, and P. Dodson (eds.), The Dinosauria (2nd edition). University of California Press, Berkeley pp 478-493 but in 2009 Hans-Dieter Sues concluded that it was a valid taxon.
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Pygocentrus palometa is a species of piranha native to South America, where restricted to the Orinoco Basin. Although recognized by FishBase, the scientific name may be a nomen dubium.Reis, R. E., S. O. Kullander and C. J. Ferraris, Jr., editors (2003). Check list of the freshwater fishes of South and Central America. CLOFFSCA.
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Heraclianus's praenomen is nowhere cited in the sources. It was not uncommon by the mid-Third Century for boys not to be given one. His nomen (i.e. 'Aurelius') was that commonly adopted by families admitted to Roman citizenship by Caracalla under the provisions of that Emperor's law known as the Constitutio Antoniniana.
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Alessio, has never been validly published and is a nomen nudum. Boletus luridus f. sinensis, found in Hainan Province, China, was later elevated to species status and transferred to another genus with the name Neoboletus sinensis. Boletus luridus was the type species of Boletus section Luridi, originally circumscribed by Fries in 1838.
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The nomen Javolenus belongs to a class of gentilicia formed using the suffix ', typically of Umbrian and Picentine origin.Chase, p. 118. Based on a number of inscriptions from Iguvium in Umbria, historian Anthony Birley concludes that the various names of Lucius Javolenus Priscus point to this as the likely origin of the family.
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The Oscan cognate of Quintus was Pompo, a name best known from the father of Numa Pompilius, the second king of Rome. The gentes Pompilia and Pomponia (both of which claimed descent from Numa Pompilius) were derived from this praenomen. The nomen Pompeius may also be a patronymic based on the name Pompo.
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The gens Minatia was a minor plebeian family at Rome. The gens was probably of Sabine origin, as its nomen is derived from the Oscan praenomen Minatus, and the first of the family to appear in Roman history bore the surname Sabinus.Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. II, p.
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The nomen Fulvius is evidently of Latin origin, and is derived from the cognomen Fulvus, originally designating someone with yellowish or golden-brown hair.Chase, p. 130.New College Latin & English Dictionary, s.v. fulvus. Cicero reports that the Fulvii originally came to Rome from Tusculum, where some of them remained in his era.
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The nomen Numicius appears to belong to a class of gentilicia formed from other names ending in -ex, -icis, or -icus, which took -icius as a suffix. However, if as seems likely, the name is really the same as Numisius, it might perhaps be derived from the praenomen Numerius.Chase, pp. 126–128.
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It first appears in urban centers and thence gradually spread to the countryside. In the earliest period, each person was known by a single name, or nomen. These nomina were monothematic; that is, they expressed a single concept or idea. As populations grew, many individuals might be known by the same name.
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The type species, Diclonius pentagonus, was named by Edward Drinker Cope in 1876, based on a single tooth specimen (AMNH 3972). Other formally undescribed species include D. calamarius and D. perangulatus. Although Cope referred several other batches of teeth to the genus, under several species, the name is considered a nomen dubium.
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Haemoproteus balazuci Dias 1953 is a junior synonym of Haemoproteus testudinalis Haemoproteus gymnorhidis de Mello 1936, Haemoproteus granulosum Rey Vila 1945, Haemoproteus danilewskyi var. urbanensis Sachs 1953 and Haemoproteus zasukhini Burtikashvili 1973 are considered to be synonyms of Haemoproteus passeris Kruse 1890. Haemoproteus rouxi Novy and MacNeal 1904 is a nomen nudum.
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According to the compilers, in some cases it was unclear in which publication the name was definitely established, so multiple instances can be listed, for example: In other cases, the earliest known publication was deemed by the compilers to be a nomen nudum, resulting in an entry such as the following: In the first of these cases, in the absence of other information, data has been ported into subsequent systems (IRMNG, GBIF) presuming that the earliest cited published instance is valid, i.e. this name is then cited as Aades Schoenherr, 1823 (IRMNG: 1219290; GBIF: 1228684). In the second case, the distinction between the unavailable (nomen nudum) and validly published instance is important both nomenclaturally and taxonomically, and so two records have been created based on the single Nomenclator entry, namely one for Ablabera Dejean, 1833 (listed as a nomen nudum: IRMNG 1396991, GBIF 7538591) plus another for Ablabera Erichson, 1847 (IRMNG 1232986, GBIF 1050104). From the above examples it is clear that, although lacking some desirable supplementary information, the set of over 340,000 original Nomenclator records provides a huge foundation upon which subsequent biodiversity informatics initiatives have built further.
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The nomen of Sheshi is inscribed on over two hundred scarab seals, which constitute the sole attestations of his reign. The number of scarabs attributed to Sheshi is paralleled in number only by those bearing the prenomen Maaibre, meaning "The righteous one is the heart of Ra". Based on the close stylistic similarities between both groups of scarabs as well as their otherwise unmatched numbers, the consensus among Egyptologists is that Maaibre was the prenomen of Sheshi. Provenance of some of the scarabs of Maaibre Sheshi Consequently, Maaibre Sheshi is the best attested ruler of the Second Intermediate Period in terms of the number of artefacts attributed to him, with 396 seals and two seal impressions showing his nomen or prenomen.
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As the Bellii are not mentioned by ancient writers, there are no traditions relating to the origin of this gens, and the nomen is not listed among the gentilicia for which Chase was able to ascribe a particular origin; it resembles other gentiles formed using the suffixes , -ellius, and -illius, frequently derived from cognomina ending in -ulus, but sometimes from words ending in -illus or -ellus.Chase, pp. 122–124. The root was probably bellus, handsome or beautiful, but the use of surnames such as Clemens and Pacatus by some members of this gens suggests that the name was associated with bellum, war. The nomen Duilius or Duellius was derived from an older form of bellum, and so might be a cognate of Bellius.
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The origin of this binomial system is lost in prehistory, but it appears to have been established in Latium and Etruria by at least 650 BC. In written form, the nomen was usually followed by a filiation, indicating the personal name of an individual's father, and sometimes the name of the mother or other antecedents. Toward the end of the Roman Republic, this was followed by the name of a citizen's voting tribe. Lastly, these elements could be followed by additional surnames, or cognomina, which could be either personal or hereditary, or a combination of both. The Roman grammarians came to regard the combination of praenomen, nomen, and cognomen as a defining characteristic of Roman citizenship, known as the tria nomina.
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Therefore, the name A. bulbosa was a misapplied name for EBS E. In 1987 Romagnesi and Marxmüller renamed EBS E to Armillaria gallica. Another synonym, A. lutea, had originally been described by Claude Casimir Gillet in 1874, and proposed as a name for EBS E. Although the name had priority due to its early publication date, it was rejected as a nomen ambiguum because of a lack of supporting evidence to identify the fungus, including a specimen, type locality, and incomplete collection notes. A. inflata (Velenovský, 1920) may represent another synonym, but the type specimens were not preserved, so it is considered a dubious name (nomen dubium). As of 2010, both the Index Fungorum and MycoBank consider Armillaria gallica Marxm.
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Confirming this analysis, the Turin canon, another king list redacted during the early Ramesside period lists a Neitiqerti Siptah at an uncertain position. Ryholt's microscopic analyses of the fibers of the papyrus suggest that the fragment where this name appears belongs to the end of the 6th Dynasty, immediately after Merenre Nemtyemsaf II. Since on the Abydos king list, Netjerkare is placed in the equivalent spot that Neitiqerti Siptah holds on the Turin canon, the two are to be identified. Additionally, the nomen "Siptah" is masculine indicating that Nitocris was in fact a male pharaoh. The name "Nitocris" probably originates from the prenomen "Neitiqerti", which itself either comes from a corruption of "Netjerkare", or else "Neitiqerti Siptah" was the nomen of the king and "Netjerkare" his prenomen.
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The primary historical source for the identification and chronological position of the rulers of the 14th Dynasty is the Turin canon, a king list compiled during the Ramesside period. The identification of Shenshek with one of the names on the list is difficult because the Turin canon only records the kings' prenomen while Shenshek is a nomen. Although the Egyptologists Darrell Baker and Kim Ryholt deem it likely that Shenshek is indeed recorded on the list, its identification will remain conjectural until an artefact bearing both Shenshek's nomen and prenomen is found. After his discovery of the seal, Bietak proposed that Shenshek is a variant of the name of king Maaibre Sheshi, whose chronological position is somewhat unclear but who could also belong to the 14th Dynasty.
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The nomen Canidius belongs to a common class of gentilicia formed from cognomina ending in '. It is derived from the cognomen Canidus, "whitish" or "greyish", itself derived from the Latin adjective canus or kanus, "white, grey", typically referring to the color of a person's hair, also sometimes used as a cognomen.Chase, pp. 121, 122.
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Tullia was the younger of the two daughters of Rome's sixth king, Servius Tullius. By Roman custom, both daughters were named Tullia, the feminine form of their father's nomen. Servius Tullius arranged the marriage of his daughters to the two sons of his predecessor, Lucius Tarquinius Priscus. The sons were named Lucius and Arruns.
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The nomen Severius belongs to a class of gentilicia formed directly from cognomina, in this case the common Latin surname Severus, originally referring to someone whose manner or appearance would be described as "serious" or "stern". It was one of a large group of cognomina derived from the character of an individual.Chase, pp. 110, 111.
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This species was first described as Pimelodus barbancho; however, this is considered a nomen oblitum. It was then described as Pimelodus pirinampu in 1829. In 1858, the genus Pinirampus was described for this species, in which it is usually classified as the only species. However, P. argentinus has been considered a part of this genus.
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53, 54, 57 Poetovio. The epigraph honorand is generally held by modern historians to be identified with the Aper here considered. If the latter's nomen was indeed 'Flavius', it may be remarked that he shared it with the future emperor, Constantius Chlorus. However, no familial relationship between the two men has ever been established.
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Statue of Civilis in Tervuren by Lodewijk Van Geel (1820–21) Gaius Julius Civilis was the leader of the Batavian rebellion against the Romans in 69 AD. His nomen shows that he (or one of his male ancestors) was made a Roman citizen (and thus, the tribe a Roman vassal) by either Augustus or Caligula.
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Textrix dendiculata, the toothed weaver, is a funnel web spider of the family Agelenidae found in much of Europe. It was described by the French entomologist Guillaume-Antoine Olivier in 1789. An older name coined by Martini & Goeze in 1778, Aranea cruciger, has been declared a nomen oblitum, allowing Olivier's later name to stand.
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It is unclear where he was born and raised, but because he was explicitly described as a friend of the emperor Hadrian before his accession, and both share the same tribe (Sergia), Birley states that it is "not improbable" that Nepos came from Southern Spain; he notes that the nomen Platorius is attested in Baetica.
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His longest text is a now lost building inscription copied by the Lepsius expedition in Nuri, but only published in 1977. The text was only partly preserved. It once most likely adorned a door at a temple in Napata. The names of the king are not preserved, most importantly the nomen Gatisen is missing.K.-H.
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In 1957, Earle Gorton Linsley coined the nomen novum Dryobius sexnotatus for this species as there was already a senior homonym with the same specific name used by a beetle described by Guillaume-Antoine Olivier prior to Say's description. The etymology of the generic name comes from the Greek words tree and to live.
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The nomen Oclatinius clearly shares a root with Oclatius, borne by Tiberius Oclatius Severus, consul suffectus in AD 160, and is perhaps an orthographic variant of Ocratius, part of a class of gentilicia formed using the suffix -atius, derived from place-names ending in -as or -atis, or passive participles ending in -atus.Chase, p. 127.
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The antiquarian Varro derived the nomen Terentius from a Sabine word, terenus, meaning "soft".Macrobius, ii. 9. However, Chase suggests a Latin origin, from terens, one who grinds or threshes, and classifies the name among those gentilicia which either originated at Rome, or cannot be shown to have come from anywhere else.Chase, p. 131.
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The Oppii were probably Sabines, one of the peoples who made up a significant portion of the early Roman populace. The nomen Oppius is classed by Chase among a number of gentilicia that were not Latin, but came from among the various neighboring regions, in this case that of the Sabines.Chase, pp. 128, 129.
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377 ("Curia"). One such person, Acca Larentia, was the foster- mother of Romulus and Remus, suggesting that perhaps Acculeia was a nomen derived from Acca. This might account for the fact that the curia Acculeia carried out a sacrifice in honor of Angerona, the tutelary goddess of Rome itself, during the Angeronalia.Varro , De Lingua Latina.
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The origin of the nomen Sentius is uncertain, but it might be derived from the Latin sentus, thorny. Chase classifies it among those gentilicia that either originated at Rome, or cannot be shown to have come from anywhere else.Chase, p. 131. Syme prefers an Etruscan origin, noting that the name seems abundant at Clusium.
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Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (3): 576. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.819808. A 2018 revision of T. taqueti found that its fossil material was a mixture of bones from peirosaurids, Araripesuchus, Anatosuchus, Notosuchus-like crocodyliforms, and neosuchians. No distinguishing characteristics were found in the holotype specimen, a lacrimal bone, thus rendering the genus a nomen dubium.
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DGM 1411-R was briefly mentioned before the description of Caryonosuchus. For example, Kellner & Campos (1999) tentatively assigned it to Sphagesaurus sp., however newly described cranial sphagesaurid remains may suggest that the type species of the family, Sphagesaurus huenei, is a nomen dubium. Thus, DGM 1411-R is regarded as a new genus and species.
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The nomen Viridius seems to be derived from the Latin viridis, green.New College Latin & English Dictionary, s. v. viridis. Since one of the Viridii left a libationary inscription at Aquae Sulis in Britain, some connection with the obscure British deity Viridios has been suggested, but other Viridii are known from different parts of the Empire.
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It is a nomen dubium, possibly an indeterminate member of the Dromaeosauridae or Tyrannosauroidea. In 1883, Seeley named Megalosaurus bredai, based on a thighbone, specimen BMNH 42997 found near Maastricht, the Netherlands. The specific name honours Jacob Gijsbertus Samuël van Breda. In 1932, this was made a separate genus Betasuchus by Friedrich von Huene.
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Between 2005 and 2009, three rotational lightcurves of Schilowa were obtained from photometric observations by European astronomers Pierre Antonini, Laurent Bernasconi, René Roy, Reiner Stoss, Jaime Nomen, Salvador Sánchez, Raoul Behrend. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 29.536 hours (also 24 h and 29.7 h) with a brightness amplitude between 0.09 and 0.15 magnitude ().
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Olson (1972) referred a complete dissorophid specimen (UCLA VP 3066) from the Chickasha Formation of Oklahoma to Fayella chickashaensis based on cranial similarities to the holotype. However, in 2018, Gee, Scott and Reisz declared Fayella a nomen dubium and an indeterminate temnospondyl, and made UCLA VP 3066 the holotype of the new species Nooxobeia gracilis.
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The nomen Rufius is derived from the common Latin surname Rufus, red, originally given to someone with red hair. It is frequently confounded with Rufrius, presumably from the related ruber, reddish or ruddy. Chase classifies Rufius among those gentilicia that either originated at Rome, or cannot be shown to have come from anywhere else.Chase, pp.
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It was collected in the Wujiaba Quarry, near Zigong city, Sichuan, from the lower part of the Shangshaximiao Formation. CV 00214 was initially listed by Dong et al. (1978) in a faunal list as a new species of Szechuanosaurus, Szechuanosaurus "yandonensis". There is no description or illustration of it, making S. "yandonensis" a nomen nudum.
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A T-mobile SIM card utilizing Moreno's smart chip. After leaving Chimie- Actualités, Moreno founded his own company, Innovatron, to market ideas and intellectual property. He successfully marketed a software system which merged dictionary words to create new product or brand names for companies. The idea would later be licensed by the Nomen company.
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Fruitachampsa has been found alongside another more basal crocodylomorph, Macelognathus. The name Fruitachampsa has existed since the late 1980s. Because the name was not published with a formal description, Fruitachampsa was considered a nomen nudum or "naked name." Fruitachampsa callisoni was formally described by James Clark in 2011, with the specific name honoring George Callison.
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G. Olshevsky, 1991, A revision of the parainfraclass Archosauria Cope, 1869, excluding the advanced Crocodylia. Mesozoic Meanderings 2 pp. 1-196 The species has since been suggested to be identical to either Neovenator or Eotyrannus; it has also been held to be a nomen dubium.T.R. Holtz, R.E. Molnar, and P.J. Currie, 2004, "Basal Tetanurae".
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Dong in 2001 placed Bienosaurus in the Scelidosauridae, considering these to be part of the Ankylosauria. Later publications suggested a general position basal in the Thyreophora. In 2019 a study confirmed this, concluding Bienosaurus was a nomen dubium, possibly identical to Tatisaurus from the same formation.Raven, T.J., Barrett, P.M., Xu, X., and Maidment, S.C.R. 2019.
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The nomen Licinius is derived from the cognomen Licinus, or "upturned", found in a number of Roman gentes.Chase, p. 109. Licinus may have been an ancient praenomen, but few examples of its use as such are known. The name seems to be identical with the Etruscan Lecne, which frequently occurs on Etruscan sepulchral monuments.
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Additional dinosaurs are represented by the fast-running, long-snouted tyrannosaurid Qianzhousaurus, the sauropod Gannansaurus, and the very sparse remains of hadrosaurid dinosaurs such as Microhadrosaurus (now a nomen dubium). Other reptiles that composed the fauna were the terrestrial or semiaquatic nanhsiungchelyid turtles Nanhsiungchelys and Jiangxichelys, squamates Chianghsia and Tianyusaurus, and the crocodilian Jiangxisuchus.
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Cryobatrachus has been classified in the family Lydekkerinidae, as it is similar in appearance to the genus Lydekkerina from South Africa. Because only a small number of features distinguish it from other lydekkerinids, Cryobatrachus kitchingi has more recently been considered a nomen dubium, meaning that its distinction from other better-known species may be unwarranted.
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Because the great majority of Roman gentilicia end in -ius, many writers have supposed Norbanus to have been a cognomen, perhaps belonging to a branch of the Junia gens. In fact, it is itself a nomen gentilicium, belonging to a class of nomina derived from place-names, and ending in -anus.Chase, p. 113, 118.
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Isocetus was considered a nomen dubium by Steeman (2010) but was treated as a distinct species by Bisconti et al. (2013) based on characters of the mandibular condyle and dentary. A complete thalassothere specimen from Belgium previously assigned to Isocetus depauwi by Abel (1938) is now the holotype of the species Parietobalaena campiniana.O. Abel. 1938.
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Description of a new species of tortoise from the Jurassic of Utah. Annals of Carnegie Museum 10(1-2):7-12. The species Glytops caelatus Hay, 1908 was described from the middle Cretaceous (late Aptian-early Albian) Arundel Formation of Maryland. However, it was later dismissed as a nomen dubium based on non-diagnostic remains.
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The nomen Simplicius belongs to a class of gentilicia formed from surnames ending in ' or ', using the gentile-forming suffix '.Chase, p. 126. Its root is the cognomen Simplex, originally referring to someone "simple" or "unadorned" in character or manner. Surnames derived from the nature and habits of an individual were common at Rome.
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Ciênc.. 1936; 8: 33–36 However, Andrade et al. (2011) rejected referral of the species of Goniopholis and treated it as a nomen dubium referable to Neosuchia indeterminate.Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zool J Linn Soc.
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All of this material is not particularly diagnostic, and has been partially lost; thus, they have been considered nomina dubia. Sachs et al. considered all of these to represent remains of Brancasaurus, with the exception of P. degenhardti, which was retained as a nomen dubium on account of lacking the distinctive cervical neural spines of Brancasaurus.
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The nomen Naevius is generally regarded as a patronymic surname derived from the praenomen Gnaeus, indicating a birthmark.Chase, pp. 131, 153. Gnaeus and naevus, the usual form of the Latin word for a birthmark, were pronounced similarly, and a number of other Latin words could be spelled with either gn- or n-, such as gnatus and natus, "born".
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Such proportions are typical for basal pterosaurs, so Comodactylus was not a member of the, advanced, Pterodactyloidea. To what other pterosaur group it did belong has, however, proven difficult to determine, due to a lack of information. The metacarpal is the only known part of the animal. Kevin Padian in 1989 considered it a nomen dubium.
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Conus cinereus, common name the sunburnt cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies. Like all species within the genus Conus, these snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of "stinging" humans. The species Conus cinereus Schröter, 1803 is a nomen dubium.
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This was a nomen nudum until the following year, when Carl Meissner republished the name with a formal description. This is now considered a taxonomic synonym of B. spinulosa var. cunninghamii, although in 1981 Alf Salkin proposed to resurrect the name for the Victorian population, on grounds of the large distance (700 km) between forms, and some distinguishing characteristics.
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The holotype material was initially referred to the genus "Trachodon" (also a nomen dubium), but later reassigned to a new genus by Riabinin (1930). Over the years, three species have been placed within this genus: Mandschurosaurus amurensis, M. mongoliensis, and M. laosensis. Brett- Surman (1979) considered M. mongoliensis a distinct genus, which he named Gilmoreosaurus. Horner et al.
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"If a man's nomen is uncommon enough," write Barbara Levick and Shelagh Jameson, "it can reveal something of the origin and history of his family."Levick and Jameson, "C. Crepereius Gallus and His Gens", p. 100. The gentilicium Crepereius is uncommon, attested only in Italy and certain portions of the Roman Empire, becoming relatively common only in North Africa.
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The nomen Geminius is derived from the common surname Geminus, meaning a "twin", from which it may be inferred that the family took its name from one of twin brothers.Chase, 111, 126. The family may have originated at Tusculum, where Mettius Geminius was a cavalry commander in BC 340.Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol.
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Victima quae dextra cecidit victrice vocatur, Ovid, Fasti 1.335: ; hostibus a domitis hostia nomen habet ("the hostia gets its name from the 'hostiles' that have been defeated"), 1.336. The difference between the victima and hostia is elsewhere said to be a matter of size, with the victima larger (maior).Char. 403.38. See also piaculum and votum.
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Prior to 2013 the term Pristichampsidae/Pristichampsinae was used for this group. However, the type specimen of Pristichampsus was found to be undiagnostic, and considered to be a nomen dubium. As such, Brochu (2013) transferred the other species placed in Pristichampsus to Boverisuchus, and resurrected Planocraniidae to replace Pristichampsidae/Pristichampsinae as the name for the clade.
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Chase, pp. 121–123. The common root of all three nomina is op-, "help", found in the name of the goddess Ops, as well as the praenomen Opiter, and the derived patronymics Opiternius and Opetreius, and the nomen Oppius.Chase, pp. 148, 149. Most of these names are thought to be of Sabine or Samnite origin.Chase, pp.
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The nomen Trebonius belongs to a large class of gentilicia formed using the suffix ', originally applied to cognomina ending in ', but later used as a regular gentile-forming suffix, and applied in cases for which there was no morphological justification. These gentes were largely plebeian, and the form Terebonius strongly hints at an Oscan origin.Chase, pp. 119, 120.
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Rana basaltica was described by C.C. Young in 1936 based on a single specimen. Although not explicitly designated as the holotype, this specimen is the holotype by monotypy. However, no information where it was deposited was given, and the holotype is now considered lost. Moreover, the description was cursory, and the name has even been considered a nomen dubium.
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Leucopogon affinis was first formally described by Robert Brown in 1810 and the description was published in Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae. The specific epithet (affinis) is a Latin word meaning "related to", "neighboring" or "bordering". The plant was formerly known as Leucopogon lanceolatus (Sm.) R.Br. but this is now recognised as a nomen illegitimum by the Australian Plant Census.
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There were several families of the Juventii in the time of the Republic, with the surnames Celsus, Laterensis, Pedo, and Thalna. However, several Juventii are mentioned without any surname. Thalna, occasionally found as Talna, is an Etruscan name,Chase, p. 114. and was probably the original nomen of the gens, before it came to be known as Juventia.
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Chase, pp. 125, 126. Reginus, the surname and probable root of this nomen, belongs to a type of cognomen derived from the names of places, in this case the ancient city of Rhegium in Bruttium, presumable the place where the ancestors of the Reginii lived.Chase, pp. 113, 114.New College Latin & English Dictionary, s. v. Reginus.
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Augustus, in his memoirs, mentioned that his father was a novus homo with no senatorial background.Suetonius, "The Life of Augustus," 2. The nomen Octavius is a patronymic surname, derived from the Latin praenomen Octavius. Many other gentes obtained their nomina in this manner, including the Quinctii from Quintus, the Sextii from Sextus, and the Septimii from Septimus.
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Although he uses "Josephus", he appears to have taken the Roman praenomen Titus and nomen Flavius from his patrons.Attested by the third-century Church theologian Origen (Comm. Matt. 10.17). Vespasian arranged for Josephus to marry a captured Jewish woman, whom he later divorced. About 71 CE, Josephus married an Alexandrian Jewish woman as his third wife.
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Along with D. felix (sometimes misspelled D. felise), a second species of Diplosaurus was constructed in 1877 by Marsh after he recombined Hyposaurus vebbii, named by Edward Drinker Cope in 1874, with Diplosaurus into a new combination, Diplosaurus vebbii. D. nanus was named by Marsh in 1895 but is now considered to be a nomen dubium.
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The Ceionii were probably of Etruscan origin. Their nomen resembles other Etruscan names, such as Cilnius, and the family does not appear in history before the first century. The historian Aelius Spartianus wrote that they came from Etruria, or perhaps from the town of Faventia, which was itself of Etruscan origin.Aelius Spartianus, "The Life of Aelius Verus", 2.
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Chase, p. 124. The nomen Bellienus seems to be derived from this gentilicium, which may give a clue to the geographical origin of the family, since the suffix -enus was common in names from Picenum and Umbria, and some of the inscriptions of the Bellii are from Pisaurum in Umbria.Chase, p. 118.New College Latin & English Dictionary, s.v.
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The remains of the larger coyote-like C. edwardii have been found in the later Pliocene in the Southwestern USA along with C. lepophagus, which indicates a descent. Tedford recognised C. edwardii and found that the craniodental morphology of C. priscolatrans fell inside that of C. edwardii such that the species name C. priscolatrans was doubtful (nomen dubium).
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Because Clavaria Stackh. was also validly published, Donk in 1949 proposed that Clavaria Stackh. be rejected as a homonym of Clavaria Fries and that the latter name be retained as a nomen conservandum (conserved name). This proposal was moved by Doty (1948), recommended for adoption by Rogers (1949), and approved by the Special Committee for Fungi.
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82 et passim. Marcus Crassus was acquitted of incestum with a Vestal who shared his family name.Crassus's nomen was Licinius; the Vestal's name was Licinia (see Roman naming conventions). His reputation for greed and sharp business dealings helped save him; he objected that he had spent time with Licinia to obtain some real estate she owned.
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1092 ("Minucia Gens"). The nomen Minucius is frequently confounded with Minicius and Municius. The Minucii gave their name to the street known as the Via Minucia, the Pons Minucius, a bridge on the Via Flaminia, and a columned hall on the Campus Martius. The gate known as the Porticus Minucia was named after the consul of 110 BC.
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Tliltocatl alvarezi is a possible species of spider in the family Theraphosidae (tarantulas). The World Spider Catalog regards it as a nomen dubium (dubious name). The original description, as Citharacanthus alvarezi, was based on a specimen said to be a female, but this is now regarded as a juvenile male. It was transferred to Tliltocatl in 2020.
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One such club, which also saw the education of the workers as its main task was given the name Arbeter-klub afn nomen Vladimir Medem (Workers' Club on behalf of Vladimir Medem). His educational policy ambitions culminated in 1929 in the founding of the , which at 30,000 volumes is now the largest Yiddish cultural institution in Europe.
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Asphodeloideae is a subfamily of the monocot family Asphodelaceae in the order Asparagales. It has previously been treated as a separate family, Asphodelaceae sensu stricto. The family Asphodelaceae has now been proposed to be a nomen conservandum, and the proposal has been recommended for ratification in 2017. In that case, Asphodelaceae will have priority over Xanthorrhoeaceae.
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The name "Wyomingopteryx" appears in a painting of Morrison prehistoric animals by Robert Bakker. However, this binomen is a nomen nudum, and it is possible that Bakker may have intended to coin "Wyomingopteryx" for the Istiodactylus-like specimen TATE 5999 because that specimen is found in Wyoming.Bakker, R.T. (1994) Unearthing the Jurassic. In: Science Year 1995.
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3 (1986), pp. 48–49. Broughton ends the Republic with 31 BC. He is one of several novi homines ("new men") who achieved not only the consulship but triumphal honors during the 30s BC.Syme, Augustan Aristocracy p. 34. He is the first consul whose nomen gentilicium has the non-Latin ending -isius.Ronald Syme, Roman Revolution, p.
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200 online. The ethnic cognomen Sabinus ("Sabine") is found with the nomen Calvisius for the first time in his name, but inscriptions point toward a probable origin in the Latin colony of Spoletium (Spoleto). He belonged to the voting tribe Horatia.Susan Treggiari, "Social Status and Social Legislation," in Cambridge Ancient History (Cambridge University Press, 1996, reprinted 2004), vol.
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The three types of names that have come to be regarded as quintessentially Roman were the praenomen, nomen, and cognomen. Together, these were referred to as the tria nomina. Although not all Romans possessed three names, the practice of using multiple names having different functions was a defining characteristic of Roman culture that distinguished citizens from foreigners.
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The nomen Pacidius belongs to a class of gentilicia formed from other names, using the suffix -idius. Normally such names would be formed from names ending in -idus, but in this case no corresponding name Pacidus is known, and the suffix was chosen arbitrarily without a direct morphological relationship to the original name.Chase, pp. 121, 122.
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The nomen Alienus may be derived from the Latin adjective, alienus, "a stranger". It was also used as a personal cognomen in the Etruscan gens Caecina. The Alieni were of great antiquity at Rome, but do not appear ever to have been a particularly large or important family.Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, Editor.
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"Paralligator" sungaricus, described from the Early Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation of Jilin Province, China, is based on postcranial remains consisting of a few presacral vertebrae, dorsal osteoderms, a partial left femur, and the proximal part of a left tibia and fibula. However, the type material is too fragmentary to be considered diagnostic, and the species is a nomen dubium.
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Carnegie Institution of Washington. 390(II): 1-1074 today seen as a nomen dubium. In 1933 William Arthur Parks created a Ornithomimus elegans,Parks, W.A., 1933, "New species of dinosaurs and turtles from the Upper Cretaceous formations of Alberta", University of Toronto Studies, Geological Series, 34: 1-33 today seen as either belonging to Chirostenotes or Elmisaurus.
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As a nomen, Pacuvius is evidently derived from a common Oscan praenomen, also rendered Pacuvius. The first certain instance of the name as a gentilicium occurs with the tragedian Marcus Pacuvius, a native of Brundisium in Calabria, who was born circa 220 BC, and was active at Rome for many years before his death, circa 130.
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In case of a nomen dubium it may be impossible to determine whether a specimen belongs to that group or not. This may happen if the original type series (i. e. holotype, isotypes, syntypes, and paratypes) is lost or destroyed. The zoological and botanical codes allow for a new type specimen, or neotype, to be chosen in this case.
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This made the name Parasuchus hislopi a nomen dubium. In 2001 a paleontologist proposed that a new type specimen, a complete skeleton, be designated.Case 3165, Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 58:1 , 30 March 2001. The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature considered the case and agreed in 2003 to replace the original type specimen with the proposed neotype.
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A study of Ezo wolf morphology showed that it was similar in size to the gray wolf of the Asian and North American continents. It stood 70–80 cm at the withers. in Japanese, measurements in English Soviet zoologist Vladimir Heptner wrote that the wolves (classed under the nomen dubium C. l. altaicus) of Kamchatka (where C. l.
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Hyperolius acuticephalus is a species of frog in the family Hyperoliidae. Being only known from its type locality, Ngoto in southwestern Central African Republic, it is endemic to that country. However, the exact type locality is considered untraceable. There are doubts about taxonomic validity of this species, to the degree that the AmphibiaWeb considers it a nomen nudum.
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The nomen may come from the Cornelii Lentuli or from Sulla Felix, as he received the citizenship from Sulla.Servius, ad Aen.X 388 = Jacoby 273 T2 He died at Laurentum in a fire which consumed his house, and his wife Helene is said by the Suda to have responded to the news of his loss by hanging herself.
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Tama novaehollandiae or Tamopsis novaehollandiae are names used for an Australian spider species. However, the original type specimen has been lost, and it is not clear which, if any, of the many species of Tamopsis now recognized the name refers to, so it is treated as a nomen dubium (doubtful name). Tamopsis is placed in the family Hersiliidae.
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Palaeorhinus, a relative of Parasuchus which is sometimes considered a synonym of the genus. The name Parasuchus was first used by Thomas Henry Huxley (1870) in a faunal list. Since a diagnosis wasn't provided, it was considered to be a nomen nudum. Richard Lydekker (1885) described and named P. hislopi formally, and proposed the family name Parasuchidae.
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In 1848, Berkeley and Curtis made reference to a downy mildew on grapevines, and, in a footnote, named it Botryis viticola. However, Botryis viticola was a nomen nudum. It was later transferred to Peronospora and then to Plasmopara. In 1907, Wilson erected Rhysotheca with P. viticola as the type; however, the name Rhysotheca viticola never caught on.
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An inquiry into the etymology of this name > is of some interest, as no other name has ever obtained such celebrity — > "clarum et duraturum cum aeternitate mundi nomen."Spartianus, Aelius Verus, > 1.Festus, s. v. Caesar. It was assumed by Augustus as the adopted son of the > dictator, and was by Augustus handed down to his adopted son Tiberius.
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Xiaosaurus has sometimes been considered a nomen dubium and an ornithischian of uncertain affinities, possibly a basal cerapod or marginocephalian. However, Paul Barrett et al. in 2005 concluded it to be provisionally valid, as it possessed a single unique derived trait or autapomorphy: a mediolaterally (seen from the front) straight humerus.Barrett, P.M., Butler, R.J., and Knoll, F. 2005.
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Taxonomic status of this species described by French herpetologist Paul Chabanaud in 1921 is unsettled. The Amphibian Species of the World treats Hyperolius soror as a valid species but notes that Hyperolius wermuthi might be its synonym. The AmphibiaWeb, however, considers it a nomen dubium, but acknowledges that it might be the correct name for Hyperolius wermuthi.
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The nomen Fundanius is derived from the surname Fundanus, originally designating a resident of Fundi, a city of southern Latium, which was granted civitas sine suffragio at the close of the Latin War in 338 BC. The ancestors of the Fundanii probably came to Rome from Fundi, perhaps soon after the conclusion of the Latin War.Chase, p. 118.
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"Calamita" quadrilineatus is a possible species of frog described in 1799. The type locality is unknown, but the original publication considered Calamita quadrilineatus to be similar to Hyla leucophyllata. The status of this name placed in the subfamily Hylinae is unclear and it is considered a nomen dubium. The type series is presumed to be lost.
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Since the last Gaius Octavius (Augustus) was adopted by his great-uncle Julius Caesar and became one of the Julii Caesares, the family's original nomen gentile was not inherited by his only daughter (i.e. Julia the Elder) and adopted sons (i.e. Gaius Caesar, Lucius Caesar, Tiberius, Agrippa Postumus), which meant the end of the Octavii Rufi's male line.
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Cedarpelta,Carpenter, Kirkland, Burge & Bird 2001, pp. ? EohadrosaurusKirkland 1997, p. ? (nomen nudum, now named Eolambia),Kirkland 1998, 283-295. Jeyawati,Wolfe and Kirkland 2010, pp. 799-812. Gastonia,Kirkland 1998, p. ? Mymoorapelta,Kirkland and Carpenter 1994, pp. 25-42. Nedcolbertia,Kirkland, Britt, Whittle, Madsen and Burge 1998, 239-248. Utahraptor,Kirkland, Burge & Gaston 1993, pp. 1-16.
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Huene's species Titanosaurus lydekkeri was left as a nomen dubium, but left within Titanosauridae. Maastrichtian fossils from France and Spain were removed from Hypselosaurus and Titanosaurus, with Hypselosaurus being declared dubious like T. lydekkeri. The variety of Romanian fossils named as Magyarosaurus by Huene were also moved into the same species again, M. dacus as originally named by Nopcsa.
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II.3.48), whence the general name of the act of manumission. The magistratus then declared him to be free [...]Long, George. Entry "Manumission" in William Smith's A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (John Murray, London, 1875). A freed slave customarily took the former owner's family name, which was the nomen (see Roman naming conventions) of the master's gens.
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The nomen Suellius appears to belong to a class of gentilicia typically formed from cognomina with diminutive endings, such as ', or the double diminutive ', but occasionally formed directly from surnames without these endings.Chase, pp. 122–124. The greater number of Suellii mentioned in inscriptions came from Samnium, strongly indicating that this gens was of Samnite origin.
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An additional unnamed species from Japan has been referred to the nomen dubium Mizuhoptera sendaicus in the past,M. Oishi and Y. Hasegawa. 1995. A list of fossil cetaceans in Japan. The Island Arc 3:493-505 but the undiagnostic nature of the holotype of the latter means that it cannot be confidently referred to M. sendaicus.
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Later, Hunt and Lucas claimed that the Kritosaurus holotype was undiagnostic and judged the genus to be a nomen dubium. They decided to give BYU 12950 new name Anasazisaurus horneri. Some later authors, including those of the most recent review, followed this decision. However, others disagreed, including Thomas Williamson, who made the most detailed published case.
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The north aisle was altered in the 17th century, the south aisle was added in 1830 and the south porch in 1867. The tower has a ring of five bells. The oldest was cast in London in about 1490 and is inscribed Nomen Magdalene Campana Gerit Melodie. The second bell was cast by Bartholomew Atton of Buckingham in 1591.
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His only clear attestation is his coffin – Louvre E 3020 – now in France.Kim Ryholt, The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, Museum Tusculanum Press, (1997), p. 267 His sarcophagus contained the corrected nomen of this king as well as his prenomen, Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat, "which was added in ink on the chest of the coffin."Ryholt, p.
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Giovanni Battista Guccia (21 October 1855 – 29 October 1914) was an Italian mathematician.M. De Franchis, Cenni biografici di Giovanni Battista Guccia ed elenco dei lavori, Rend. Circ. Mat. Palermo, 39 (1915), pp. 1–14A. Brigaglia, C. Ciliberto, E. Sernesi, Italian algebraic geometers from 1850 to 1970: a bibliography and a few biographical notes, Roma 1992, ad nomen.
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"A new stegosaurian dinosaur from Upper Cretaceous sediments of south India." Journal of the Geological Society of India, 20(11): 521-530. In 1991, Sankar Chatterjee visited the site and claimed, without presenting concrete morphological evidence, that Dravidosaurus was based on plesiosaurian pelvic and hindlimb elements, the species being a nomen dubium.Chatterjee, S., and Rudra, D. K. (1996).
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Geologische Serie 3:107-117. It was later synonymized with Euskelosaurus by van Heerden (1979),J. v. Heerden. 1979. The morphology and taxonomy of Euskelosaurus (Reptilia: Saurischia; Late Triassic) from South Africa. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum 4(2):23-84 but was subsequently treated as a nomen dubium in the 2nd edition of the Dinosauria.
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This convention presented somewhat of a problem in distinguishing multiple Curtii, but the third name, the cognomen, offered a solution. It might have nothing to do with any convention. It could be trivial. Rufus means “red.” Over several hundred years of this system the cognomen often became an extension of the nomen for distinguishing lines within the gens.
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Pyxicephalus cordofanus, also known as Rana cordofana, is a possible species of frog. It is a nomen dubium, a name of unknown application. Franz Steindachner, who described the species in 1867, specified neither a holotype nor syntypes. The syntypes are believed to be at the Natural History Museum, Vienna (NHMW), possibly including the specimen NHMW 2673.
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Palaeopteryx (meaning "ancient wing") is a genus of theropod dinosaur now considered a nomen dubium. It was named and misidentified by J. A. Jensen in 1981, then redescribed by Jensen and K. Padian in 1989. At that time the binomial Palaeopteryx thomsoni was deemed invalid by Jensen. The only referred specimen is a single bone fragment (BYU 2022).
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The name "Dinosaurus" was later used by Ludwig Rütimeyer (1856) for a new specimen of a prosauropod dinosaur, which he named "Dinosaurus gresslyi". However, the name was not attached to any formal description and so was an invalid nomen nudum. The prosauropod was formally named Gresslyosaurus ingens, and is now considered a junior synonym of Plateosaurus.
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The nomen of the Caesii may be derived from the Latin adjective caesius, meaning a light blue or blue-grey color, typically used to refer to the color of a person's eyes. The same root may have given rise to the praenomen Caeso, and perhaps also to the cognomen Caesar.D.P. Simpson, Cassell's Latin & English Dictionary (1963).
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Cionodon (meaning 'column tooth') was a dubious genus of dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period (Maastrichtian stage). The type species, Cionodon arctatus lived in what is now Colorado. It is classified as a hadrosaur, and was formally described by Edward Drinker Cope in 1874. It is a nomen dubium because it is based on very fragmentary remains.
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The nomen Otacilius may be derived from the praenomen Octavius. Octacilius is the correct orthography, but Otacilius is the form most common in later sources. The earliest known member of the family was a native of Maleventum, an ancient city of Campania, which according to Pliny was inhabited by the Hirpini.Pliny the Elder, iii. 11. s. 16.
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Korf transferred Mitrula globosa to the genus in 1971, creating S. globosa. Dennis transferred Coryne turficola to the genus in 1971. Lastly, Rahm reported "Sarcoleotia clandestina" from Switzerland in 1975, but this name is regarded as nomen nudum as no valid description of the species exists. Some debate exists over the accepted number of species in Sarcoleotia.
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The nomen Numitorius is a patronymic surname, based on the name Numitor, traditionally remembered as the name of the grandfather of Romulus and Remus, and the last of the Silvan kings of Alba Longa. Chase considers this to have been a genuine name from Latium's archaic past, signifying one who "arranges" or "orders".Chase, pp. 131, 143.
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"Amargastegos" is an informally named genus of extinct stegosaurid ornithischian dinosaur known from the La Amarga Formation of Argentina on the basis of MACN N-43 (some dorsal osteoderms, the cervical and caudal vertebrae, and one skull bone). In 2016, Peter Malcolm Galton and Kenneth Carpenter declared it a nomen dubium, establishing it as an indeterminate stegosaur.
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"Changdusaurus" (also known as "Changtusaurus") is the informal name given to a genus of dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Period. It lived in what is now China. "Changdusaurus" is classified as a stegosaurid. The type species was named "Changdusaurus laminoplacodus" by Zhao in 1986, but it has never been formally described, and remains a nomen nudum.
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"Lancanjiangosaurus" (alternative spelling "Lanchanjiangosaurus"; meaning "Lancangjiang lizard", named after the Lancangjiang River of China) is the informal name given to an as yet undescribed genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic. The "type species", "L. cachuensis", was coined by Zhou in 1985, but remains a nomen nudum. It is known from the Dapuka Group of Tibet.
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"Mifunesaurus" (meaning 'Mifune lizard') is a nomen nudum given to an extinct non-avian theropod dinosaur from Cenomanian rocks of Japan. "Mifunesaurus" is only known from a few bones, among which are a tibia, a phalanx, a metatarsus and a single tooth. The genus was informally coined by Hisa in 1985.Lambert, D., and the Diagram Group. (1990).
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The nomen Salonius belongs to a large class of gentilicia formed from words ending in -o, using the suffix '. The root of the name is salo, a salt-dealer, from sal, salt, and indicates that an ancestor of the Salonii was probably a dealer in salt, one of the most important commodities of antiquity.Chase, p. 119.
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The generic name combines a reference to Michael Crichton, the author of Jurassic Park, with a Greek πέλτη, peltè, "small shield". At the time this was an invalid nomen ex dissertatione. However, in 2015, Crichtonpelta was validly named by Arbour and Philip John Currie. The type species is Crichtonsaurus benxiensis; the combinatio nova is Crichtonpelta benxiensis.
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The designation of the type species of Thracia is far from straightforward. The description by Blainville (1824) includes two species: his own T. corbuloidea and T. pubescens Leach. However, at that time T. corbuloidea was still a nomen nudum, and not available nomenclaturally. Also Leach did not publish the name pubescens, which is however available from Pulteney, 1799.
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The tower contains a ring of four bells, which are the oldest ring of four bells that all came from the same foundry at the same time. Casting of the bells is ascribed to W. Chamberlain of London in about 1440. The inscriptions cast on the bells are: ::Treble: SANCTE BOTOLFE ORA PRO NOBIS ::2. IN MULTIS ANNIS RESONET CAMPANA JOHANNIS ::3. SIT NOMEN DOMINI BENDICTUM ::Tenor: JOHANNES EST NOMEN EIUS All four bells also have three identity stamps: :North’s # 18 a cross inscribed in a quarter ihu.merci.ladi.help on an octagonal base :North’s # 19 crossed keys, fish, bell, tea pot, sheaf of corn in the quarters on a shield :North’s # 20 letter m with mast and streamer and sideways “Y” on a shield All bells retain their cast canons.
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Chase classifies the nomen Plaetorius among those gentilicia which were either of Roman origin, or which at least cannot be shown to have originated anywhere else, implying that the name is apparently of Latin derivation. Some scholars have suggested that the Plaetorii hailed from the ancient city of Tusculum in Latium.Chase, pp. 129–132.Wiseman, New Men in the Roman Senate, p. 251.
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The nomen Septicius belongs to a class of gentilicia originally formed from cognomina ending in ' or '. As with other gentile-forming suffixes, ' was later extended to form nomina from other names, including existing gentilicia.Chase, p. 126. The root of the name must have resembled the rare Latin praenomen Septimus, "seventh", in which case Septicius may be cognate with the more typical patronymic Septimius.
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Born in Gaul, he was exposed as a child, but was found, and grew up a slave. He was later freed, and according to Roman naming conventions took the nomen and praenomen of his former master, one Marcus Antonius. He may have been educated in Alexandria. He had a great memory and was well-read in both Greek and Latin.
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Descriptive catalogue of the fossil organic remains of reptilia and pisces contained in the Museum of The Royal College of Surgeons of England: 184pp. of which the former is based on iguanodont material. His S. cuvieri, of which the type specimen is lost, is today considered a nomen dubium. In 2010 Gregory S. Paul renamed (as an informal name) Magnosaurus into Streptospondylus nethercombensis.
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Ratchasimasaurus (meaning "Ratchasima lizard") is a genus of non-hadrosaurid iguanodontian ornithopod dinosaur from Early Cretaceous (Aptian stage) Khok Kruat Formation of Nakhon Ratchasima Province in northeastern Thailand. The type and only species is R. suranareae, named after Thao Suranari, a 19th- century war heroine. It was considered by one study to be a nomen dubium, diagnosed with characters widespread in Styracosterna.
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The name Buccinum scalariforme Møller, 1842, is a junior homonym of Buccinum scalariforme Kiener, 1834. However, the latter has not been used as the valid name of a valid species after 1899, whereas Buccinum scalariforme Møller, 1842, can be declared a nomen protectum under Art. 23.9 of the Code. WoRMS maintains this prevailing usage until such nomenclatural act is published.
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The taxonomic history of the New Caledonian members of Polyscias subgenus Arthrophyllum is complex. Ten valid species names and a nomen nudum have been published in Arthrophyllum for this group. Philipson recognized only three species, treating eight of the species names as synonyms for Arthrophyllum otopyrenum. Frodin and Govaerts treated five of these eight names as a fourth species, Arthrophyllum balansae.
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Therefore Onchis is accepted as a synonym of Peronia.Dayrat, B. (2009) Review of the current knowledge of the systematics of Onchidiidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata) with a checklist of nominal species. Zootaxa 2068: 1-26WoRMS : Onchis; accessed : 14 January 2011 Onchis was proposed by Férussac in 1822 without description or indication, so it was a nomen nudum and not made available at that occasion.
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Three species from China have also been proposed as euparkeriids: Halazhaisuchus qiaoensis, "Turfanosuchus" shageduensis, and Wangisuchus tzeyii. Sookias et al. (2014) analysed many species that have been considered euparkeriids, finding many outside the group while recovering a slightly supported monophyletic family including "Turfanosuchus" shageduensis, Halazhaisuchus, and Euparkeria. However, "Turfanosuchus" shageduensis and Wangisuchus were both also found to be nomen dubium.
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340 His praenomen and nomen Marcus Antonius suggested that his paternal ancestors received Roman citizenship under the Triumvir Mark Antony, or one of his daughters, during the late Roman Republic.Birley, pg. 340 Gordian’s cognomen ‘Gordianus’ also indicates that his family origins were from Anatolia, more specifically Galatia or Cappadocia.Peuch, Bernadette, "Orateurs et sophistes grecs dans les inscriptions d'époque impériale", (2002), pg.
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The nomen Secundius is derived from the cognomen Secundus, originally indicating a second child. The name was probably an old praenomen, but if so the masculine form had fallen out of use by historical times, and is not found as a praenomen under the Republic. The feminine form, Secunda, was used by Roman women as both a praenomen and a cognomen.Chase, pp.
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The species has also been known in the past as Monilia albicans and Oidium albicans. The current classification is nomen conservandum, which means the name is authorized for use by the International Botanical Congress (IBC). The genus Candida includes about 150 different species; however, only a few are known to cause human infections. C. albicans is the most significant pathogenic species.
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Alcmena is a genus of jumping spiders. The genus was first described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1846 based on the species Alcmena psittacina and Alcmena amabilis. The genus consists of four species endemic to North and South America. A fifth species, Alcmena trifasciata, was described by Caporiacco in 1954, but declared a nomen dubium by Ruiz and Brescovit in 2008.
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Palaeontologica Sinica 162 New Series C 23. Science Press Peking: pp. 1-136 In 1999 Li Kui mentioned a second species: Zizhongosaurus huangshibanensisK. Li, Y. Zhang, K. Cai, 1999, The Characteristics of the Composition of the Trace Elements in Jurassic Dinosaur Bones and Red Beds in Sichuan Basin, Geological Publishing House, Beijing but this has remained an undescribed nomen nudum.
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The nomen Ragonius belongs to a class of gentilicia formed using the suffix , typically of plebeian origin, and frequently of Oscan ancestry. Such names were originally formed from cognomina ending in -o, but once they became common, came to be regarded as a regular gentile-forming suffix, and was used in cases where it had no morphological justification.Chase, pp. 118, 119.
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These fossils were recovered in Neuquén Province of Argentina, from the Plottier Formation, which dates to the Coniacian-Santonian stages of the Late Cretaceous Period. The Plottier, like the younger Anacleto, is a member of the Neuquén Group. Very few remains are known of this species and it is regarded as a nomen dubium by some.Upchurch, P., Barrett, P.M, & Dodson, P. 2004. Sauropoda.
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The Laetorii of the Republic do not appear to have been divided into families, and the only surnames found are Mergus, a seagull, and Plancianus, apparently derived from the nomen of the Plancia gens, and perhaps indicating that the bearer was a descendant of that family, who was adopted by one of the Laetorii.The New College Latin & English Dictionary ("mergus").
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John Gould described the dusky moorhen in 1846 from a skin collected along the Murray River in South Australia. Its species name is derived from the Latin tenebrosa "dark". Charles Lucien Bonaparte described Gallinula haematopus in 1856, but this is now a nomen nudum. Gregory Mathews described two subspecies that have been synonymized—magnirostris from Western Australia and subfrontata from New South Wales.
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"The early evolution of archosaurs: Relationships and the origin of major clades". Columbia University (open access dissertation): 1–632. In their review of putative euparkeriids from China, Richard Butler and colleagues concluded that Wangisuchus is a nomen dubium at Archosauriformes indeterminate because its holotype lacked diagnostic characters, even though the thecodont tooth implantation pointed to a closer relationship to Archosauria than to Proterosuchus.
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Note on the classification of the Ichthyopterygia (with a notice of two new species). Geological Magazine, 5, 309–313. doi:10.1017/S0016756800181968 McGowan and Motani (2003) considered it to be a species of Brachypterygius, but a recent re-assessment of Cambridge Greensand ichthyosaurs found it to be a nomen dubium indeterminate beyond Ophthalmosaurinae.Fischer, V.; Bardet, N.; Guiomar, M.; Godefroit, P. (2014).
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Schätti and Kramer (1993) argued that Bothrops campbelli (Freire- Lascano, 1991) was a nomen invalidum and suggested a new name, Porthidium almawebi, as a replacement. However, it is clear that Freire-Lascano's (1991) scientific name is valid and has priority over the one proposed by Schätti and Kramer (1993). Gutberlet and Campbell (2001) moved this taxon to a new genus: Bothrocophias (toadheaded pitvipers).
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Decius is the Latin form of the Oscan praenomen Dekis, or its gentile equivalent, Dekiis. The praenomen itself is the Oscan equivalent of the Latin name Decimus, and thus the nomen Decius is cognate with the Latin Decimius. From this it may be supposed that the Decii were of Oscan extraction, perhaps arising from the Sabine portion of Rome's original inhabitants.Chase, p. 128.
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D. neivensis was later found to be synonymous with both Brachygnathosuchus braziliensis and Purussaurus brasiliensis, being reassigned in 1924 to the senior synonym P. brasiliensis. In 1965, D. terror was proposed to be a nomen vanum. The name Dinosuchus means "terrible crocodile" in Greek. It is not to be confused with Deinosuchus, a large alligatoroid from Late Cretaceous North America.
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The Pontii were of Samnite origin, and are first mentioned in connection with the Samnite Wars, after which some of them removed to Rome. Their nomen, Pontius, is a patronymic surname derived from the Oscan praenomen Pontus or Pomptus, cognate with the Latin praenomen Quintus. Thus, Pontius is the Samnite equivalent of the Roman gentes Quinctia and Quinctilia.Chase, pp. 127–129.
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Cythara is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae. This name is considered a nomen dubium. Hedley (1922: 260) and Powell (1966: 109) summarized the arguments against using the earlier name Cythara Schumacher, 1817, with much uncertainty regarding the identity of its type species, against Eucythara Fischer, 1883. The name has also been used by European authors (e.g.
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The horned sungem (Heliactin bilophus) is a South American hummingbird, the only species, (monotypic), of the genus Heliactin. The scientific name bilophus is sometimes considered a nomen oblitum, which, if accepted, results in Heliactin cornutus being the correct name for this species. It occurs in Bolivia, Brazil, and Suriname. It prefers fairly dry open or semi-open habitats, such as savanna and Cerrado.
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Between Nomen Est Numen and his fifth album, Kid Mystic, two important events happened to Davis. First, he was introduced to Zen Buddhism by his drummer Dave King, and became a practitioner of zazen, or sitting meditation. The second was his discovery of the book Sex, Ecology, Spirituality, by Ken Wilber. Their influence would soon send Davis on an entirely new trajectory.
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Ameghino (1894) too recognized Moreno's name as preoccupied, but unaware of Lydekker's paper, coined his own replacement name Diaphorocetus for Mesocetus.Ameghino, F. 1894. Enum�eration synoptique des especes de mammiferes fossiles des formations �eocenes de Patagonie. Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias en C�ordoba 13: 259–455 Diaphorocetus was declared a nomen protectum (protected name) by Paolucci et al.
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In 1814, Heinrich Schrader used the name Wahlenbergia elongata but the name was a nomen nudum. The genus was first formally described in 1821 by Albrecht Wilhelm Roth and the description was published in Roth's book Novae Plantarum Species praesertim Indiae Orientalis. Roth retained Schrader's name Wahlenbergia. The name honours Göran Wahlenberg (a Swedish botanist who taught at Uppsala University).
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Pterygotus model in the Czech National Museum, Prague. Fossils described by John William Salter as belonging to "Pterygotus problematicus" in 1852. This species is now considered a nomen vanum. The first fossils of Pterygotus were found in deposits of Lochkovian-Pragian (Early Devonian) age by quarrymen in Scotland and western England, who referred to the large fossil remains as "Seraphims".
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This would imply that a second midline epiparietal (a small horn-like structure), unpreserved in the fossil, had been present. In 2020, paleontologists Denver W. Fowler and Elizabeth A. Freedman Fowler suggested that the parietal median bar of the specimen had been reconstructed upside down, and that the genus therefore did not have any distinguishing features, making it a nomen dubium.
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Pliny the Elder writing around AD 70 uses a Latin version of the same terminology in section 4.102 of his Naturalis Historia. He writes of Great Britain: Albion ipsi nomen fuit, cum Britanniae vocarentur omnes de quibus mox paulo dicemus. ("Albion was its own name, when all [the islands] were called the Britannias; I will speak of them in a moment").
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Some of its species have been put in other genera and sometimes other genera have been merged with it. The name Peltandra had been used for some species in Meineckia,Peltandra At: International Plant Names Index (see External links below). but this is now a nomen rejectum. The name Peltandra is now conserved as the name of a genus in Araceae.
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However, as it is formally impossible to change a named species into an unnamed one, George Olshevsky in 1991 used the new combination Megalosaurus schmidti. It is a chimaera. In 1993, Ernst Probst and Raymund Windolf by mistake renamed Plateosaurus ornatus Huene 1905 into Megalosaurus ornatus by mentioning the latter name in a species list. This can be seen as a nomen vanum.
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A Dutch newspaper Het Parool had an irregularly featured column called "Nomen est omen" with Dutch examples. Individual name collectors have also published books of aptronyms. Onomastic scholar R.M. Rennick called for more verification of aptronyms appearing in newspaper columns and books. Lists of aptronyms in science, medicine, and law are more reliable as they tend to be drawn from easily verifiable sources.
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Any alphanumeric, sound, visual, or any other symbol, sign or combination of symbols by which a thema is known, referred to or addressed (FRSAR 2007). A nomen can be any expression of a thema. Ideally there will exist an authority file with every possible subject/thema. This means that it should be possible to exchange subject authority data between systems.
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The nomen Aulius is a patronymic surname, derived from the praenomen Aulus, just as Sextius was derived from Sextus, Marcius from Marcus, and Quinctius from Quintus.Chase, p. 129. Although there were Aulii at Rome in the fourth century BC, the gens may have been spread throughout Latium, as one of them was prefect of the allies during the Second Punic War.Livy, xxvii.
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Sempronia is the nomen of the Roman gens Sempronia. Men of the gens were named Sempronius, and women Sempronia. The Sempronii were an important family throughout the history of the Republic. Many of them held the highest offices of the state, and they were connected by marriage with many other important families, including the Cornelii Scipiones and the Licinii Crassi.
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This is today considered a nomen dubium. In 2016, ROM 1790 was made the holotype of a new genus and species, Rativates evadens. Cast of BHI 1266, which may be a Struthiomimus sedens specimen In subsequent years William Arthur Parks named four other species of Struthiomimus: Struthiomimus brevetertius Parks 1926, Struthiomimus samueli Parks 1928, Struthiomimus currellii Parks 1933 and Struthiomimus ingens Parks 1933.
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In official documents however, an unidentified person's name is entered as NN (abbreviation of Nazwisko Nieznane – name unknown, Nieznany Nam - unknown to us, or Nomen Nescio). Informally, to describe any unknown person, the phrase taki jeden (lit. "such a one") is in common use. The military slang term for an unknown person is the acronym HGW, standing for Chuj go wie (lit.
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In: Fraser, F. C. and Sues, H.-D. In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs: Early Mesozoic Tetrapods Cambridge University Press, pp. 251-270. It was assigned to the suborder Protosuchia in 1965 and the family Notochampsidae in 1992. However, later studies argued that it is a nomen dubium due to the lack of diagnostic material in the incompletely known remains.
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Tyrannosauropus and were as such interpreted as belonging to a large theropod. However, Tyrannosauropus has since been declared a nomen dubium and the referred tracks likely belonged to hadrosaurid ornithopods. Similarly, the large Lark Quarry footprints are also now suggested to belong to an ornithopod, and are most similar to Amblydactylus gethingi, with the suggested referral of Amblydactylus cf. gethingi.
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In Rome slaves were given a single name by their owner. A slave who was freed might keep his or her slave name and adopt the former owner's name as a praenomen and nomen. As an example, one historian says that "a man named Publius Larcius freed a male slave named Nicia, who was then called Publius Larcius Nicia."Roman Nomenclature at vroma.
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The male and female names refer to the same family.Wallace. Probably in deference to Italic, the nomen gentile could also be formed with -ie for males or -i and -a for females, perhaps from Italic -ios or its later form -ius, which can be made feminine: -ia.The Bonfantes, pages 88–89. Typically of Etruscan both suffices can be used together: -na-ie.Marchesini.
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However, the genera Aublysodon and Deinodon are usually considered nomina dubia, so they and their eponymous subfamilies are usually excluded from taxonomies of tyrannosaurids. An additional tyrannosaurid, Raptorex, was initially described as a more primitive tyrannosauroid, but likely represents a juvenile tyrannosaurine similar to Tarbosaurus. However, as it is known only from a juvenile specimen, it is also currently considered a nomen dubium.
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Leptopelis marginatus is a species of frog in the family Arthroleptidae. It is endemic to western Angola and only known from the holotype collected from Quissange. The holotype was lost in the fire of the Natural History Museum of Lisbon in 1978. The validity of this species is in question; it might be a synonym of Leptopelis bocagii or considered a nomen dubium.
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The Arrii were probably of Oscan descent, as their nomen appears to be Oscan.Chase, p. 127. They probably came to Rome some time during the middle or late Republic; Cicero describes the first of the Arrii mentioned in history as a man of low birth, who achieved his station through hard work, rather than by education or talent.Cicero, Brutus, 69.
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Taxonomic status of this species described by Belgian herpetologist Raymond Laurent in 1961 is unsettled. The Amphibian Species of the World treats Hyperolius wermuthi as a valid species but notes that Hyperolius soror is likely its synonym. The AmphibiaWeb, however, considers Hyperolius soror a nomen dubium, even though it acknowledges that Hyperolius soror might be the correct name Hyperolius wermuthi.
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The remains of the larger coyote-like Canis edwardii have been found in the later Pliocene in the south-western USA along with C. lepophagus, which indicates a descent. Tedford recognised C. edwardii and found that the cranio- dental morphology of C. priscolatrans fell inside that of C. edwardii such that the species name C. priscolatrans was doubtful (nomen dubium).
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The genus was named in 1969 by José Bonaparte as an as yet undescribed nomen nudum. The first description followed in 1970, making the name valid, the type species being Pterodaustro guiñazui. The generic name is derived from Greek pteron, "wing" and Latin auster, "south (wind)". The elements are combined as a condensed pteron de austro, "wing from the south".
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The nomen Quartinius belongs to a class of gentilicia formed from other names, typically ending in -inus, suggesting the cognomen Quartinus, a diminutive of Quartus, fourth.Chase, p. 126. Quartus may have been an old praenomen that had fallen out of use by historical times, but continued in use as a cognomen. The feminine form, Quarta, was regularly used as both praenomen and cognomen.
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The nomen Quartius is a patronymic surname, derived from the cognomen Quartus, fourth. There may at one time have been a praenomen Quartus, but it was not in general use in historical times, except in the feminine form, Quarta, which was regularly used as both a praenomen and cognomen.Petersen, "The Numeral Praenomina of the Romans", p. 353 and note 24.
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Originally it was regarded as a gruiform bird, being only recently reassigned as a crocodylomorph. In 1968 it was placed in its own family, Cunampaiidae, which falls within the suborder Cariamae. Despite this classification, it has frequently been referred to as a phorusrhacid. Due to the lack of autapomorphies associated with the genus, Cunampaia is now considered to be a nomen dubium.
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Dolichosuchus (meaning "long crocodile") is the name given to a genus of dinosaur from the Triassic. It was originally classified in the disused family Hallopodidae, but has since been reclassified as a coelophysoid. A single fossil (consisting of a single lower leg bone, or tibia) was found in Germany. Since only one bone was discovered, the genus is considered a nomen dubium.
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Semi-dome over apse in Saint Martin's Church of Olten, Switzerland, completed in 1910. Following the Middle Ages, before and after the Protestant Reformation some churches and public buildings across Europe were decorated with variants and cognates of "Jehovah". For example, the Coat of Arms of Plymouth (UK) City Council bears the Latin inscription, Turris fortissima est nomen JehovaSee CivicHeraldry.co.uk -Plymouth and here .
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Butea is named after John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute (1713-1792), member of parliament, prime minister for one year, and a patron of botany.Umberto Quattrocchi. 2000. CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names volume I. CRC Press: Boca Raton; New York; Washington, DC; USA. London, UK. William Roxburgh erected the genus Butea in 1795, but it became a nomen invalidum.
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Scipio (plural, Scipiones) is a Roman cognomen representing the Cornelii Scipiones, a branch of the Cornelii family. Any individual male of the branch must be named Cornelius Scipio and a female Cornelia. The nomen, Cornelius, signifies that the person belongs to the Cornelia gens, a legally defined clan composed of many familiae. The cognomen, Scipio, identifies the line, or branch within the clan.
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The nomen Afranius belongs to a class of gentilicia derived from surnames ending in -anus, typically derived from place names.Chase, p. 118. The Afranii may have been of Picentine origin. Lucius Afranius, who held the consulship in 60 BC, was from Picenum, and a Titus Afranius or Afrenius was one of the leaders of the allies during the Social War.
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20, pp. 351–372 Hocknull suggested that Austrosaurus mckillopi differed only slightly from the QMF 7292, the holotype of Wintonotitan wattsii, and should be considered a nomen dubium. Recently, Poropat et al. (2017) reported additional sauropod material from the Austrosaurus type locality and assigned them to the Austrosaurus holotype, finding the genus to be a valid titanosauriform tentatively assignable to Somphospondyli.
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Ruiz and Pavón dedicated to him the plant genus Molina, later considered a subgenus of Baccharis by Wilhelm Heering (Reiche 1902), and recently recreated as Neomolina by F.H. Hellwig and ranked as genus. Other authors dedicated Moliniopsis, a genus of Gramineae, as a synonym of Molinia Schrank (nomen illegitimum). Molina has also been linked to the naming of the genus Maytenus.
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Cheilophlebium is a fungal genus in the order Agaricales. It is incertae sedis with respect to familial placement within the order. The genus is monotypic, containing the single species Cheilophlebium villosum, described by Philipp Maximilian Opiz in 1856. According to the Dictionary of the Fungi (10th edition, 2008), the genus name is a nomen dubium (of unknown or doubtful application).
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Ferganocephale was originally classified in the group Pachycephalosauridae. It would then be one of the oldest known pachycephalosaurids. Robert M. Sullivan however, in 2006 disputed the pachycephalosaur classification, finding "few of the features [...] are characteristic of pachycephalosaur teeth," citing the lack of serrations on the teeth, and concludes the specimens are "too incomplete for identification". He considers the taxon a nomen dubium.
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The south-central black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis minor) or south-central hook-lipped rhinoceros is a subspecies of the black rhinoceros. In line with the rules of zoological nomenclature, the South-central black rhinoceros should be known as Diceros bicornis keitloa (Smith, 1836), a nomen novum.Rookmaaker, K., 2016. The correct name of the South-central black rhinoceros is Diceros bicornis keitloa (A.
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The gens Maevia, occasionally written Mevia, was a minor plebeian family at ancient Rome. Members of this gens are known from the later Republic, although the family may possibly have been much older, and well into Imperial times. None of the Maevii ever obtained the higher offices of the Roman state. Their nomen is frequently confounded with the similar Maenius.
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Patella depressa is a species of sea snail, a true limpet, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Patellidae, one of the families of true limpets. Patella depressa is a nomen dubium according to Christiaens (1973, 1983); Patella intermedia gets priority. Nevertheless, the name Patella depressa is in usage among British authors (e.g. Graham, 1988) and is assumed as valid.
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She also failed to find any unique traits in the holotype itself, concluding that Crichtonsaurus bohlini was a nomen dubium.Arbour, Victoria Megan, 2014, Systematics, evolution, and biogeography of the ankylosaurid dinosaurs. Ph.D thesis, University of Alberta The specimens referred to Crichtonsaurus bohlini are rather small. In 2010, Gregory S. Paul estimated their body length at 3.5 metres, their weight at half a tonne.
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One small species from Guyana described under the nomen dubium C. tremula has a black and white pattern and rests in the center of an orb web with greyish "imitation spiders" it has created from prey remains. If the spider is disturbed, it vibrates its body, so that the black and white patches blur into grey, thus resembling the false spiders.
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He also said that the descendants of the original Germani in his time were the Tungri.Tacitus, Germania, II 2. ceterum Germaniae vocabulum recens et nuper additum, quoniamqui primi Rhenum transgressi Gallos expulerint ac nunc Tungri, tunc Germani vocati sint: ita nationis nomen, nongentis, evaluisse paulatim, ut omnes primum a victore obmetum, mox et a se ipsis invento nomine Germani vocarentur.
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Lydekker referred continuously to the name Thaumatosaurus, instead of Rhomaleosaurus. Fraas (1910) recognized both generic names in his original description of R. victor (now Meyerasaurus), but referring to the new species "Thaumatosaurus" victor. Many other researchers adopted the name "Thaumatosaurus". Today this taxon is regarded as a nomen dubium because the holotype can be referred to Pliosauroidea indet at best.
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Revision of the Metoposauridae (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) and description of a new genus from Western North America. In: M. Morales (eds.), Aspects of Mesozoic Geology and Paleontology of the Colorado Plateau. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 59: 67–97. The nominal species "Metoposaurus" azerouali Dutuit, 1976, treated as a nomen dubium by Hunt (1993), was referred to Arganasaurus by Buffa et al. (2019).
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A monument was erected to Latewar's memory in St John's College chapel by his father; the date of his death is incorrectly given as 27 July. Nicholas Amhurst, in his Terræ Filius (p. 185), alleges that on the monument there were these lines: ::A sero bello dives durusque vocatus, ::A sero bello nomen et omen habet. They are not there now.
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B. priscus was first named in 1838 and was traditionally classified in the Anteosauria, a group of carnivorous dinocephalians. Brithopus served as the basis for the family Brithopodidae, which once included many anteosaurian species. Because it is based on fragmentary material, Brithopus is regarded as a nomen dubium by some researchers. Brithopus was later considered a possible estemmenosuchid,Kammerer, C. F. 2010.
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Høisæter (2014) advocated using the well-known specific name spiralis (Montagu, 1803) for this species, although Turbo spiralis Montagu, 1803 is a primary homonym of Turbo spiralis Poiret, 1801. The latter name could meet the conditions for being declared nomen oblitum but so far Høisæter (2014) did not provide the citations required by ICZN Art. 23.9 to make the declaration effective.
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Sir John died in Chiswick, London in 1713. He was buried in Turnham Green (Chiswick). A funeral monument to Chardin exists in Westminster Abbey, bearing the inscription Sir John Chardin – nomen sibi fecit eundo ("he made a name for himself by travelling"). The remains of Chardin's library were sold by James Levy at Tom's coffee-house, St. Martin's Lane, 1712–13.
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The nomen Nasidius belong to a class of gentilicia formed with the suffix -idius, which originally developed from surnames ending in -idus, but later came to be viewed as a regular means of forming nomina. It implies the existence of a cognomen Nasidus, but may perhaps be from the more regular Naso, originally signifying someone with a prominent nose.Chase, pp. 109, 121, 122.
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As a nomen, Numerius is comparatively scarce relative to the praenomen Numerius, from which it is derived.Chase, pp. 131, 138. Numerius was not a particularly common praenomen, and is widely believed to have been of Sabine or Oscan origin, although despite its scarcity it was widely diffused among the Roman plebeians, and even received limited use by a few patrician families.
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The authors considered Arstanosaurus akkurganensis a nomen dubium and did not refer its material. Batyrosaurus is a medium-sized hadrosauroid of about five to six metres length. Several autapomorphies, unique derived traits, were established. The parietal bones at their rear form bony flaps that overlap the supraoccipital but do not touch the sides of the paraoccipitals and are themselves overlapped by the squamosals.
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"Kagasaurus" (meaning "Kaga lizard") is the informal name given to an as yet undescribed genus of dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous. It was a theropod which lived in what is now Japan. The type species was named by Hisa in 1988, but is known from only two teeth. Since "Kagasaurus" has never been formally described, it is considered a nomen nudum.
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"Megacervixosaurus" (meaning "big neck lizard") is the informal name given to an as yet undescribed genus of herbivorous dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous. It was a titanosaur sauropod which lived in what is now China. The type species, "Megacervixosaurus tibetensis", was coined by Chinese paleontologist Zhao Xijin in 1985. "Megacervixosaurus" has never been formally described, and remains a nomen nudum.
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There was a possibility that, though Crichtonsaurus bohlini was a nomen dubium, its fossil material in fact belonged to Crichtonpelta. Arbour however, noted clear differences in the scapula and humerus between BXGMV0012-1 and LPM 101, a specimen previously referred to Crichtonsaurus bohlini: the scapula of the former has a tab-like acromion and its humerus a much longer deltopectoral crest.
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Doratorhynchus is a generic replacement name for Pterodactylus validus, in 1875 suggested by Harry Govier Seeley. Today it is considered a nomen vanum. In 1870 Richard Owen named Pterodactylus validus based on holotype NHMUK 40653, a thirty centimeter long partial wing finger phalanx from the Purbeck Limestone (Britain), identified as that of a pterosaur. The specific name means "strong" in Latin.
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It was suggested that Doratorhynchus was a basal member of Azhdarchidae. However, in 1995 Stafford Howse and Andrew R. Milner concluded that Doratorhynchus is a nomen vanum because they noted that the phalanx was not diagnostic enough anyway and only assignable to Pterodactyloidea incertae sedis. They assigned CAMSM J.5339 to Gnathosaurus as G. macrurus and CAMSM J.5340 to an indeterminate ctenochasmatid.
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Kutchisiren is an extinct genus of mammal which existed in what is now India during the Miocene period. It was named by S. Bajpai, D. P. Domning, D. P. Das, J. Velez-Juarbe, and V. P. Mishra in 2010, and the type species is Kutchisiren cylindrica. It was originally named Kotadasiren gracilis (as a nomen nudum) in 1994, by Das and Basu.
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Perhaps Gigantornis which is only known from pieces of a sternum found in Middle Eocene rocks in Nigeria also belongs in Dasornis; the sternum of D. emuinus remains unknown, but its size would have been a close match of the Nigerian fossil. Analysis of the unidentified large pelagornithid fossils from the Middle Eocene of Kpogamé-Hahotoé (Togo) which are provisionally termed "Aequornis traversei"Published in a thesis and hence a nomen nudum: ICZN (1999) might shed light on this issue. The fairly large undescribed remains from the Late Paleocene/Early Eocene of the Ouled Abdoun Basin (Morocco) which have been provisionally termed "Odontopteryx gigas""Odontopteryx n. sp. 2" of Bourdon (2005); "O. gigas" was published in a thesis and hence is a nomen nudum: ICZN (1999) may in fact be from a small or juvenile Dasornis.
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These authors synonymized S. brevis, S. sternbergi, and S. lambei with S. validum, found that S. bexelli differed from Stegoceras in several features, and considered it an indeterminate pachycephalosaur. CT images of juvenile, flat-headed AMNH 5450 ("Ornatotholus"), with sections on the right In 1998, Goodwin and colleagues considered Ornatotholus a juvenile S. validum, therefore a junior synonym. In 2000, Robert M. Sullivan referred S. edmontonensis and S. brevis to the genus Prenocephale (until then only known from the Mongolian species P. prenes), and found it more likely that S. bexelli belonged to Prenocephale than to Stegoceras, but considered it a nomen dubium (dubious name, without distinguishing characters) due to its incompleteness, and noted its holotype specimen appeared to be lost. In 2003, Thomas E. Williamson and Thomas Carr considered Ornatotholus a nomen dubium, or perhaps a juvenile Stegoceras.
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Zhejiangosaurus (meaning "Zhejiang lizard") is an extinct genus of nodosaurid dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian stage) of Zhejiang, eastern China. It was first named by a group of Chinese authors Lü Junchang, Jin Xingsheng, Sheng Yiming and Li Yihong in 2007 and the type species is Zhejiangosaurus lishuiensis ("from Lishui", where the fossil was found). It has no diagnostic features, and thus is a nomen dubium.
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Brimosaurus (meaning "strong lizard") is an extinct genus of plesiosaur from the Late Cretaceous of what is now Arkansas. The type species is Brimosaurus grandis, first named by Joseph Leidy in 1854. The name Brimosaurus is a nomen dubium: the fossils consist of only a few isolated vertebrae, and in 1952 Welles proposed that Brimosaurus was actually synonymous with Cimoliasaurus (which itself is based on dubious material).
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Japetella is a genus of pelagic octopods from the subfamily Bolitaeninae in the family Amphitretidae. It contains at least one species but another two have been questionably raised with Japetella heathi being of doubtful validity, although currently accepted and Japetella taningi being classed as a nomen dubium. The genus contains bioluminescent species. Japetella diaphana inhabits the oxygen minimum zone of the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.
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Nepenthes sp.. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, XLII. It was finally described in 1976 by Shigeo Kurata as N. × kinabaluensis. The name was published in Nepenthes of Mount Kinabalu, but it is a nomen nudum, as it had an inadequate description and lacked information on the type specimen. The name was subsequently republished by Kurata in 1984Kurata, S. 1984. Journal of Insectivorous Plant Society 35: 65.
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The ancient Egyptian word for cartouche was shenu, and the cartouche was essentially an expanded shen ring. Demotic script reduced the cartouche to a pair of brackets and a vertical line. Of the five royal titularies it was the prenomen (the throne name), and the "Son of Ra" titularyAncient-egypt.org (the so-called nomen name given at birth), which were enclosed by a cartouche.
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The gens Tampia was a minor plebeian family at ancient Rome. Members of this gens are first mentioned in history during the time of Nero, but few achieved any distinction in the Roman state. The nomen Tampius is easily confused with that of Ampius. The most illustrious of the Tampii was Lucius Tampius Flavianus, who held the consulship twice during the latter half of the first century.
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Though this species was only scientifically described in 2013, the binomen Nepenthes viridis first appeared in print more than 150 years earlier. Johannes Elias Teijsmann used this name in 1859 to describe a cultivated plant of indeterminate identity, possibly N. mirabilis. Teijsmann's name is considered a nomen nudum (not a validly published name) and was therefore available for describing the present species.Suarez, W. 2013.
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An unusual feature here is the absence of any reference to Domitianus's nomen or praenomen. Gallic Empire coins usually bear the full tria nomina of the prince celebrated the better to carry out their propagandist function. On the reverse, the coins show Concordia, and have the legend , a propagandistic claim that the army was united behind Domitianus. Again this is a standard slogan for the Gallic Emperors.
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P. notatum was described by Swedish chemist Richard Westling in 1811. Thom adopted and popularised the use of P. chrysogenum. After discovery of other new species and taxonomic reexamination, three species, P. notatum, P. meleagrinum, and P. cyaneofulvum were recognised as P. chrysogenum. The Seventeenth International Botanical Congress held in Vienna, Austria, in 2005 adopted the name P. chrysogenum as the conserved name (nomen conservandum).
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Wangolepis sinensis is a nomen nudumJanvier, Philippe, et al. "Devonian fish (Placodermi, Antiarcha) from Tra Ban Island (Bai Tu Long Bay, Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam) and the question of the age of the Dô Son Formation." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 21.7 (2003): 795-801. referring to as yet formally undescribed, primarily Early Silurian-aged fossils of what are agreed to be of a primitive placoderm.
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An example is the European land snail Petasina edentula (Draparnaud, 1805). In 2002, researchers found that an older name Helix depilata Draparnaud, 1801 referred to the same species, but this name had never been used after 1899 and was fixed as a nomen oblitum under this rule by Falkner et al.. 2002.Falkner, G., Ripken, T. E. J. & Falkner, M. 2002. Mollusques continentaux de France.
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However, the nomen Remmius could still be derived from Remus, perhaps a cognomen of uncertain derivation. Chase classifies it among the gentilicia that either originated at Rome, or cannot be shown to have come from anywhere else.Chase, pp. 131. Schulze, on the other hand, regards it as an Etruscan name, rem-ne, perhaps sharing a root with place names such as Remona and Remoria.
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The Carvilii were a modest family of equestrian rank, which rose to prominence due to the military exploits of Spurius Carvilius Maximus.Velleius Paterculus, ii. 128. The nomen Carvilius belongs to a large class of gentilicia ending in -ilus or -illus, typically derived from diminutive surnames originally ending in -ulus. The root of the name is uncertain; perhaps related to the surname Carbo, a coal, or coal-black.
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Mentuhotepi is attested by a stela from Karnak and a scarab seal of unknown provenance bearing a prenomen variously read Sewahenre, Sewadjenre and Seankhenre. Furthermore, two limestone sphinxes of Mentuhotepi were discovered in 1924 in the ruins of the Temple of Horus in Edfu, one bearing the prenomen Seankhenre and the other the nomen Mentuhotepi. Finally, Mentuhotepi is attested in the Turin canon under the prenomen Seankhenre.
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His great work, Historia plantarum universalis, a compilation of all that was then known about botany, remained incomplete at his death, but was published at Yverdon in 1650–1651. Bauhin nurtured several botanic gardens and also collected plants during his travels. In 1591, he published a list of plants named after saints called De Plantis a Divis Sanctisve Nomen Habentibus. Johann Bauhin died in Montbéliard.
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Furca (Latin for "fork") is an extinct genus of Marrellomorph arthropod known from the Sandbian stage (upper Ordovician period) of the Czech Republic. At least three distinct species have been described although they may all be synonyms of the type species, Furca bohemica. A tentative additional species, "Furca mauretanica": was proposed for specimens discovered in Morocco, but this species remains a nomen nudum until formally published.
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In the past, this species was considered conspecific with Chiropsalmus quadrigatus found in Malaysia. That name however, is now considered as a nomen dubium and it is no longer recognized as a separate species. It has now been established that Chironex yamaguchii is a different species and is more closely related to Chironex fleckeri, however, the name Chiropsalmus quadrigatus is widely used in the literature.
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"Sichtung der Grundlagen der jetzigen Kenntnis der Sauropoden". Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 20: 444–470 From then on it has received little attention, with the few papers that mention it usually calling it a nomen dubium without further comment. After its fossils were for the first time cleaned and prepared, in 2003 by Antoine Heitz, it was realized not to be closely related to Cetiosauriscus.
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Furthermore, the traits on which basis Williston used to distinguish the two taxa are either known to vary intraspecifically in kannemeyeriiforms or were too badly preserved in Brachybrachium to display clear morphological differences from Eubrachiosaurus. Thus, Kammerer et al. (2013) concluded the it is probable that these two taxa are synonymous, but noted that on a strict apomorphy basis Brachybrachium brevipes must be considered a nomen dubium.
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Cliff mallee ash was first formally described in 1825 by Allan Cunningham who gave it the name Eucalyptus microphylla and published the description in Barron Field's book, Geographical Memoirs on New South Wales. The name was a nomen illegitimum because it had already been used by Willdenow for a different species, but in 1830 Robert Sweet changed the name to E. cunninghamii in honour of Cunningham.
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Kyphosus gladius was described in 2013 by Steen Wilhelm Knudsen and Kendall D. Clements with the type locality given as Canal Rocks, Yallingup Reef, Western Australia. It has previously been confused with K. sydneyanus, Knudsen and Clements showed that this was a separate species, although previously another species named Kyphosus klunzingeri has been named from Western Astralia but this is now regarded as a nomen dubium.
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Pravoslavlev recognized another species from New Zealand, E.hoodii, named by Owen in 1870 as Plesiosaurus hoodii based on a neck vertebra. Welles recognized it as a nomen dubium in 1962; Joan Wiffen and William Moisley concurred in a 1986 review of New Zealand plesiosaurs. In 1949 Welles named a new species of Elasmosaurus, E.morgani. It was named from a well-preserved skeleton found in Dallas County, Texas.
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Singer named the subspecies S. sibiricus subsp. helveticus in 1951, based on material collected by Jules Favre from Switzerland in 1945. Roy Watling later considered this a nomen nudum—not published with an adequate description, and therefore failing to qualify as a formal scientific name. According to Singer's 1986 arrangement, S. sibiricus is classified in the subsection Latiporini of section Suillus in the genus Suillus.
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He also said that the descendants of the original Germani in his time were the Tungri, who had changed their name.Tacitus, Germania, II 2. ceterum Germaniae vocabulum recens et nuper additum, quoniamqui primi Rhenum transgressi Gallos expulerint ac nunc Tungri, tunc Germani vocati sint: ita nationis nomen, nongentis, evaluisse paulatim, ut omnes primum a victore obmetum, mox et a se ipsis invento nomine Germani vocarentur.
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The species was described in 1995, based on a single adult male specimen from Lubbock, Texas. The holotype (i.e. the specimen on which the description was based) has been lost. A 2016 monograph of the genus Aphonopelma in the United States suggests that the specimen was actually Aphonopelma hentzi, but in the absence of the holotype, treats Aphonopelma hollyi as a nomen dubium (i.e.
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The nomen Pompeius (frequently anglicized as Pompey) is generally believed to be derived from the Oscan praenomen Pompo, equivalent to the Latin Quintus, and thus a patronymic surname. The gentilicia Pompilius and Pomponius, with which Pompeius is frequently confounded, were also derived from Pompo. The gentile-forming suffix ' was typical of Sabine families, suggesting that the Pompeii were of Sabine or Oscan extraction.Chase, pp.
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A published scientific name may not fulfil the requirements of the Codes for various reasons. For example, if the taxon was not adequately described, its name is called a nomen nudum. It is possible for a taxon to be "undescribed" for an extensive period of time, even if unofficial descriptions are published. An undescribed species may be referred to with the genus name, followed by "sp".
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The nomen Sextius is a patronymic surname, derived from the praenomen Sextus, meaning "sixth", which must have belonged to the ancestor of the gens.Chase, p. 123. It is frequently confounded with that of the patrician gens Sestia, and in fact the two families may originally have been the same; however, Roman authors treated them as distinct gentes.Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol.
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Pasidienus would therefore have been derived from an older nomen, Pasidius, which is indeed found in a number of instances. The suffix -idius was originally used to form gentilicia from cognomina ending in -idus; but as with other gentile-forming suffixes, -idius was stereotyped, and occasionally appears in cases where there is no morphological justification. There is no evidence of a corresponding cognomen, Pasidus.Chase, pp.
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The Romilii claimed descent from Romulus, the legendary founder and first King of Rome. Scholars have long disputed the historicity of Romulus, but from the morphology of the nomen Romilius, it seems probable that Romulus was an authentic cognomen; Romilius belongs to a large class of gentilicia formed using the suffix -, which were typically derived from surnames ending in the diminutive suffix -ulus.Chase, pp. 122, 123.
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Nevertheless, invalid names (nomen invalidum, nom. inval.) are sometimes in use. This may occur when a taxonomist finds and recognises a taxon and thinks of a name, but delays publishing it in an adequate manner. A common reason for this is that a taxonomist intends to write a magnum opus that provides an overview of the group, rather than a series of small papers.
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Chase, p. 109. Like Agrippa, Licinus was later known primarily as a surname, but it is most frequently confused with the nomen Licinius, which was probably derived from it, although perhaps connected to the Etruscan lecne, which seems to have been its equivalent. Livy preserves the praenomen as Licinius, but later historians appear to have amended it to the more common praenomen Lucius.Lanzi, vol.
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Scymnosaurus is now considered a nomen dubium. Scymnosaurus (σκύμνος skymnos = lion cub + σαῦρος, sauros = lizard) is an extinct genus of therocephalian therapsids, first described by Robert Broom in 1903. There are three species that still take the name Scymnosaurus, S. Ferox, S. Watsoni and S. Major, with a fourth, S. Warreni, now identified as Moschorhinus Warreni. Each of these have now been reclassified into Lycosuchidae incertae sedis.
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German botanist Johann Christoph Wendland first described this species as Mimosa decurrens in 1798, before his countryman Carl Ludwig Willdenow redescribed it in the genus Acacia in 1919. In his description, Willdenow did not cite Wendland but instead a 1796 description by James Donn. However, as Donn's description was a nomen nudum, the proper citation is Acacia decurrens Willd. with neither older work cited.
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The material was originally limited to a mere two broken distal tibiotarsi, BMNH A4359 and A1528. The taxonomic status and systematic placement of these bones was much disputed and they were often considered junior synonyms of Bradycneme or Elopteryx. Given the fragmentary nature of the fossils, little could be resolved and Heptasteornis was (and still is) considered a nomen dubium by many.Paul (1988), Weishampel et al.
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Julius Briganticus (died AD 69) was a Batavian who commanded auxiliary cavalry in the Roman Army. He was the son of the sister of Gaius Julius Civilis, the leader of the Batavian rebellion, who apparently hated his nephew. The nomen Julius indicates he was a Roman citizen. The cognomen Briganticus perhaps suggests he, or his father, gained distinction fighting against the Brigantes of northern Britain.
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In the 1960s, D. colorata was included in the early archosauriform genus Erythrosuchus. In 1970, similarities were noted between the Dongusia vertebra and those of the rauisuchid "Mandasuchus" from Tanzania. The vertebra is now thought to belong to a rauisuchid, but the genus Dongusia is considered a nomen dubium because there are no diagnostic features in the single bone that distinguish it from other rauisuchids.
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The second usage apparently related to teeth described as belonging to small carnivorous dinosaurs. These were further christened Dipriodon, Tripriodon and others, including Triprotodon. Close similarities were then noticed with an already established dinosaur genus, Paronychodon (Cope 1876), also based on teeth from the Laramie Formation. Over time, an impressive school of names was synonymized under P. However, this is now considered a nomen dubium.
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Indeed, rusty fig is an alternate common name; others include Illawarra fig and Port Jackson fig. It was known as damun (pron. "tam-mun") to the Eora and Darug inhabitants of the Sydney basin. In 1806, German botanist Carl Ludwig Willdenow gave it the botanical name Ficus australis in Species Plantarum, but this is a nomen illegitimum as the species already had a validly published name.
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The nomen Cicereius is probably derived from the same root as the cognomen Cicero, a surname of the gentes Claudia and Tullia. They appear to be connected with cicer, a chickpea, and may indicate that the ancestors of these families were engaged in the cultivation of that plant. Similar names include Bulbus, Fabius, Lentulus, Piso, and Tubero.Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, Editor.
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The nomen Procilius, sometimes spelled with a double 'l', belongs to a common class of gentilicia derived from names ending in the diminutive suffix '-ulus'.Chase, pp. 122, 123. In this case, the name is a patronymic surname derived from the old praenomen Proculus, which Festus reported was originally given to a child born when his father was far from home,Liber de Praenominibus.
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His discovery was a chimera; the collection of fossils came from two different dinosaur species, both of which already had names. So his new name, Ultrasauros, is now just an alternate name (junior synonym) for the dinosaur officially known as Supersaurus. Kim's Ultrasaurus is currently a nomen dubium. Not enough is known about the specimen to formally assign it to a specific family of sauropods.
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The nomen Bruttius probably indicates that the ancestors of the gens were from Bruttium, the southernmost region of Italia. The Bruttii were an Oscan people descended from the Lucani, from whom they asserted their independence during the fourth century BC. The name of Bruttii, which they adopted for themselves, may be a pre-Sabellic name meaning "runaways".Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica, xvi. 15.Strabo, Geographica, vi.
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Pholidoteuthis is a genus of squid in the monotypic family Pholidoteuthidae, comprising at least two species. The defunct genus Tetronychoteuthis was previously incorporated into Pholidoteuthidae based upon a singular taxon known as Tetronychoteuthis massyae. Following the discovery of Pholidoteuthis boschmai in 1950, T. massaye was placed into Pholidoteuthis, with Tetronoychoteuthis considered a nomen dubium. P. boschmai is now considered a junior synonym of P. massyae.
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Later studies have kept Baryonyx and Suchomimus separate, whereas Cristatusaurus has been proposed to be either a nomen dubium or possibly distinct from both. A 2017 review paper by the Brazilian palaeontologist Carlos Roberto A. Candeiro and colleagues stated that this debate was more in the realm of semantics than science, as it is generally agreed that B. walkeri and S. tenerensis are distinct, related species.
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Marcus Macrinius Vindex was a Roman eques who held a number of senior positions during the reign of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius, including praetorian prefect. The family origins of the Macrinii Vindices are unusual. The nomen Macrinus, may be of Celtic origin; Anthony Birley notes the name "may have been of Celtic origin, perhaps from Cologne".Birley, Marcus Aurelius: A Biography, revised edition (London: Routledge, 1987), p.
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The holotype consists of a well-preserved, fully ossified braincase with a partial skull roof, along with isolated teeth and osteoderms. In 2004, Jolyon Parish and Paul Barrett concluded that the type species of Amtosaurus, Amtosaurus magnus, was a nomen dubium, a dubious name. This implied that no other species could be validly referred to the genus Amtosaurus. A. archibaldi should be reassigned to a new taxon.
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Pupilla bigranata is a nomen dubium that was used for some forms of the land snails Pupilla triplicata and Pupilla muscorum (Pupillidae), but none of these forms represent a separate species, therefore such species as Pupilla bigranata does not exist.Balashov I., Neiber M., Bogon K., Hausdorf B. 2019. On the identity of "Pupilla bigranata" populations from Germany and Ukraine (Gastropoda: Pupillidae). Archiv für Molluskenkunde.
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The four towers of the flag represent the four forts surrounding and defending the city dating back to the English Civil War era, and are visible on the city council's coat of arms. The city's motto, turris fortissima est nomen jehova translates as the 'strongest tower is the name of Jehovah', and this refers to the city's successful resistance to the Royalist siege during that conflict.
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The gens Mallia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome. Due to its relative obscurity, the nomen Mallius is frequently, but erroneously amended to the more common Manlius. The only member of this gens to obtain any of the higher curule magistracies under the Republic was Gnaeus Mallius Maximus, consul in 105 BC. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. II, p.
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The nomen Quinctilius is a patronymic surname, based on the praenomen Quintus, meaning "fifth". Quinctilius is the correct orthography, but Quintilius is also quite common. The gens Quinctia is derived from the same praenomen. It was not unusual for multiple nomina to be derived from a common source; the Sabine name Pompo is the Oscan equivalent of Quintus, and gave rise to the gentes Pompilia and Pomponia.
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Teeth assigned to Liliensternus sp. In 1934, Huene described two skeletons assigning them the name Halticosaurus liliensterni, but in 1984 Samuel Paul Welles concluded that the type species of Halticosaurus, H. longotarsus, was a nomen dubium. Most what had been written in the literature about Halticosaurus in fact regarded H. liliensterni. Welles therefore erected a new genus: Liliensternus, the name again honoring Rühle von Lilienstern.
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The length of the shell attains 14 mm. (Original description).This is an elegantly formed shell, with a very acute spire and moderately attenuated base. The ribs are numerous, thick and rounded, crossed by numerous rather faint spiral sulci. G.B. Sowerby III proposed in 1896 the name Mangilia adcocki as a nomen novum for the Mangilia bella of Adams and Angas (Proc. Zool. Soc.
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The Egyptologist Kim Ryholt notes that Ameny Qemau's name is essentially a filiative nomen, that is, a name specifying the filiation of its holder. Indeed, Ameny Qemau could be read as "Ameny['s son] Qemau". Ryholt concludes that the Ameny in question was Qemau's predecessor Sekhemkare Amenemhat V and that Qemau was his son.K.S.B. Ryholt: The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c.
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Tuigg's coat of arms as bishop. His motto, Sit nomen Domini benedictum, translates to "Blessed be the name of the Lord." Tuigg was born in 1820 in Donoughmore, Ireland, and educated at All Hallows College in Drumcondra. In 1849, when Michael O'Connor—the bishop of Pittsburgh at the time—traveled to Dublin, calling for volunteers for missionary work in America, young Tuigg was the first to respond.
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The nomen Laecanius seems to belong to a class of gentilicia formed using the sufix -anius, typically derived from cognomina ending in -anus, or derived from other "a-stem" words.Chase, p. 118. The name might be derived from the surname Laeca, which was used by a family of the Porcia gens, or from the same root.Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol.
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The nomen Lavinius could come from the ancient town of Lavinium, which was said to have been founded by Aeneas, and named for his wife, Lavinia, the daughter of Latinus. It could also be an alternate form of Laevinius. However, the first recorded member was a colonial magistrate at Luceria at the end of the Pyrrhic War, so the gens possibly originated from this city.
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Coburgosuchus is an extinct genus of pseudopalatine phytosaur. The genus was named for Coburg, Germany, the type locality where specimens have been found dating back to the Late Triassic. It has at times been considered a nomen dubium due to the fragmentary nature of the material associated with the genus, and it may prove to be synonymous with other phytosaurs such as Nicrosaurus or Phytosaurus.Kuhn, O. (1961).
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The nomen Balonius belongs to a class of gentilicia formed using the suffix ', originally applied to cognomina ending in ', but later used as a regular gentile-forming suffix, without regard to the orthography of the root. These nomina tended to be of plebeian origin, and were frequently Oscan. Chase suggests that Balonius might be derived from the cognomen Bala, perhaps from Latin balare, "to bleat".Chase, pp.
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"Timesitheus" is a cognomen which suggests that the bearer was ethnically a Greek. However, Timesitheus's praenomen and nomen (i.e. "Gaius" and "Furius Sabinius" respectively) indicate long-established Roman citizenship and a family that was well-integrated into the élite classes of the Empire although it is otherwise unknown. Such enthusiasm to be associated with the Imperial power was not unknown in the case of ambitious Greek families.
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The dates given are, where possible, the earliest date that the motto was used in an official sense. Some state mottos are not official but are on the official state seal; in these cases the adoption date of the seal is given. The earliest use of a current motto is that of Puerto Rico, Johannes est nomen ejus, granted to the island by the Spanish in 1511.
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Italy has the largest collection of surnames (cognomi) of any country in the world, with over 350,000.Il Corriere della Sera (Sept 15, 2006), L'Italia è il regno dei cognomi and La provenienza geografica dei cognomi Men—except slaves—in ancient Rome always had hereditary surnames, i.e., nomen (clan name) and cognomen (side-clan name). However, the multi-name tradition was lost by the Middle Ages.
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In any case, he was sold to P. Terentius Lucanus,Smith, William (editor); Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, "Lucanus, Terentius" , Boston, 1870. a Roman senator, who educated him and later on, impressed by Terence's abilities, freed him. Terence then took the nomen "Terentius," which is the origin of the present form. He was a member of the so-called Scipionic Circle.
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The nomen Saltorius is derived from the cognomen Saltor, a dancer, one of a large class of surnames derived from an individual's occupation.Chase, p. 111. Although the inscriptions of this gens place a family of this name in Sabinum, the root is certainly Latin. Chase includes Saltorius among those gentilicia that either originated at Rome, or cannot be shown to have come from anywhere else.
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Little is known about the origin of the nomen Nautius, or whether it has any connection with nauta, a sailor. The Nautii themselves claimed to be descended from Nautes or Nautius, a companion of Aeneas, who brought the Palladium, a sacred statue of Athena from Troy. His descendants, the Nautii, were said to have protected and maintained the Palladium into Roman times.Dionysius, vi. 4.
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The nomen Ignius is derived from ignis, fire, and belongs to a large class of gentilicia derived from the names of ordinary objects, although as is often the case, one cannot determine from the name whether the original bearer was so called because he was vigorous, temperamental, had red hair, or resembled fire in some other respect.New College Latin & English Dictionary, s.v. ignis.Chase, pp. 112, 113.
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The species was named by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. It was lectotypified by R.E.G. Pichi-Sermolli in 1957 based on an illustration by James Petiver. The identifiability of this illustration was disputed, leading some authorities to deprecate A. philippense as a nomen dubium and use the next available name for the taxon, Adiantum lunulatum Burm.f.. Burman conferred this specific epithet based on its half-moon shaped pinnae.
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The nomen Spurius is a patronymic surname derived from the praenomen Spurius, without a change in morphology.Chase, p. 131. The original meaning of the praenomen is unclear; it was fairly common in the early Republic, and favoured in many prominent families, but grew less abundant over time, becoming rare by imperial times, probably due to its association with the adjective spurius, meaning "illegitimate".Chase, p. 153.
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The nomen Spurilius is formed from the praenomen Spurius, using the diminutive suffix ', which was frequently used to form new gentilicia from existing names.Chase, pp. 122, 123. Spurius was a common name in the early period of Roman history, and favoured by a number of prominent families, but became scarcer toward the end of the Republic, probably due to confusion with the adjective spurius, "illegitimate".
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Conodhur proprium nomen eius. :“Maccecht, that is, a son (macc) that committed the cruellest homicide (écht), for he killed in combat his own brother, even Tinne son of Connra. Now Tinne was at that time king of Connaught, and Monodar, son of Connra, killed him, whereupon for that homicide which Monodar had perpetrated (the name) Macc-echt was given him. Conodar was his proper name.
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According to tradition, the Valerii were of Sabine descent, having come to Rome with Titus Tatius, shortly after the founding of the city.Dionysius of Halicarnassus, ii. 46.Plutarch, "The Life of Numa", 5, "The Life of Publicola", 1. However, their nomen, Valerius, is a patronymic surname derived from the Latin praenomen Volesus or Volusus, which in turn is derived from valere, to be strong.
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The antiquity of the Furii is confirmed by the ancient form of the nomen, Fusius, found in the earliest days of the Republic. A similar process derived the nomina Papirius, Valerius and Veturius from Papisius, Valesius and Vetusius. This change probably occurred after the orthographic reform of Appius Claudius Caecus, passed during his censorship in 312 BC.Sextus Pomponius, Enchiridion, cited in the Digesta, ii. 2 § 36.
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"Hisanohamasaurus" (meaning "Hisano-hama lizard") is the informal name given to an as yet undescribed genus of dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous. It is a nomen nudum known only from teeth that first appeared in a general-audience dinosaur book by David Lambert in 1990. Although initially identified a diplodocid,Zhiming, Dong; Y. Hasegawa; and Y. Azuma (1990). The Age of Dinosaurs in Japan and China.
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"Lijiagousaurus" (meaning "Lijiagou lizard") is the informal name given to an as yet undescribed genus of herbivorous iguanodontian dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of what is now Sichuan, China. It has not been formally described yet, but the formal publication is forthcoming, from Chinese paleontologist Ouyang Hui. "Lijiagousaurus" was only briefly mentioned in the Chongqing Natural History Museum guidebook (2001) and is thus a nomen nudum.Anonymous (2001).
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Skeleton of "Saltillomimus" "Saltillomimus" is an informal name for an ornithomimid theropod from the Late Cretaceous (late Campanian) of the Cerro del Pueblo Formation in Mexico. It is known from a partial tail, most of a hindlimb, and forelimb bones that was given the name "Saltillomimus rapidus" by Martinez in 2010. Named in his thesis, the taxon name is an invalid nomen ex dissertatione.
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The generic name is derived from Latin gigas or giganteus, "enormous", and spina, "spine", in reference to the gigantic shoulder spines. The specific name refers to Sichuan. The name was generally considered a nomen nudum in the West, until in 2006 it was disclosed that the abstract contained a sufficient description. Despite its uncertain nomenclatural status, images of Gigantspinosaurus had appeared in several sources.
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Because of the extensive damage to the papyrus, while the section giving the length of his rule as being one year is preserved, the section of months and days is lost. He therefore would have ruled between 12 and 24 months. Nebdjefare is the seventh pharaoh of the ninth column on the Turin King List. Due to papyrus damage, his nomen has not survived.
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Galeodea echinophora, the spiny bonnet or helmet shell, is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cassidae, the helmet snails and bonnet snails.EU-Nomen var. adriatica The fossil record of this species dates back from the Miocene to the Quaternary (age range: 23.03 to 0.781 million years ago). These fossils have been found in India, Spain and Italy.
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In Hebrew the preposition אֶת et used for definite nouns in the accusative. Those nouns might be indicated by use of the definite article (ה Ha "the"). Otherwise, the object may be determined by a possessive pronominal suffix, by virtue of being a nomen regens within a genitive construction, or being a proper name. To continue with the Hebrew example: Ani ro'eh et ha- kelev.
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The nomen Septimuleius belongs to a large class of gentilicia, typically of Oscan origin, ending in the gentile-forming suffix '. This may mean that the Septimuleii were of Sabine or Samnite origin.Chase, p. 120. The root resembles that of the rare Latin praenomen Septimus, from the Latin numeral for "seven", referring to a seventh son, seventh child, or a child born in September, the seventh month of the old Roman calendar.
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However, its genomics suggest it is from Perth calling into question whether the unlabelled specimen figured in Gray 1841 was in fact the same as the specimen described. As such the name Chelodina rugosa has been resurrected for the species and Chelodina oblonga declared a nomen dubium, rendering it unusable. Subspecies are recognised by some for this species, basically geographic variants of doubtful significance. However these are Chelodina (M.) r.
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According to Gary Rosenberg's Malacolog however, "Odetta" is not a valid genus name. It is considered to be an unavailable name, because it was published as a "nomen nudum". However, by including the type species in Megastomia, Peñas & Rolán (1999) implicitly treated Odetta as a synonym of Megastomia, contra van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud (1998) who hold it as a valid genus and are followed by the database WoRMS.
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On this mountain, we found a new species related > to the highland Sumatran species by its leaf shape, stem shape and > inflorescence, but its upper pitchers are slightly similar to N. alata from > the Philippines. We gave the name N. 'dempoensis' after the mountain from > which it originated. The name N. dempoensis is a nomen nudum and the taxon is now considered conspecific with N. spathulata.Schlauer, J. 2006.
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"The phylogenetic position of the Tyrannosauridae: Implications for theropod systematics". Journal of Paleontology 68: 1100-1117 Today, it is recognised that Timimus shares no derived traits, synapomorphies, with the Ornithomimosauria and thus any proof it would belong to this group is lacking. It perhaps belongs to some coelurosaurian group; some workers consider it a nomen dubium.S.A. Hocknull, M.A. White, T.R. Tischler, A.G. Cook, N.D. Calleja, T. Sloan, and D.A. Elliot. 2009.
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In 2011, Ryan Schott suggested a new generic name, Foraminacephale, in his Master of Science thesis, resulting in a new combination Foraminacephale brevis. It remained an invalid nomen ex dissertatione until Schott and David Evans formally renamed "S." brevis to Foraminacephale brevis in 2016. The generic name combines Latin foramina ("foramina") with cephale, Latinised Greek for "head", referring to the many pits that covered the top of its dome.
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Pontianus is not mentioned in ancient writers, and although his name occurs in a number of inscriptions, his precise nomenclature is uncertain. His praenomen is given as Marcus in an inscription from Samothrace,"M(arco) S(ervio) Le[na(te)] Ponti[ano]", . but in all other inscriptions he is either Servius or Sergius. Servius could be either a praenomen or a nomen gentilicium; both were widespread, but not particularly common.
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Fossils described by John William Salter as belonging to "Pterygotus problematicus" in 1852. This species is now considered a nomen vanum.The first pterygotioid fossils to be uncovered were those of the type genus, Pterygotus. Louis Agassiz, a Swiss-American biologist and geologist, described the fossils in 1839 and named it Pterygotus in the mistaken belief that they were the fossil remains of a large fish; "Pterygotus" translating to "winged fish".
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Sir Jackie Stewart OBE British Racing Drivers' Club (BRDC) archive biography, accessed 7 Sep, 2007 Less frequently used is U.N. Owen as for example used in the Agatha Christie novel And Then There Were None. The name is also used for demonstration on sample documents and identity cards. An equivalent term is "NN", for "Nomen nescio". Of equivalent function are TBA, TBC, and TBD (to be announced, confirmed, determined).
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Traklosia is a genus of nematodes. The genus was originally circumscribed in 1961 under the name Robertia; L. Travassos and G. R. Kloss created this genus for their newly-described species R. leiperi. The nomen novum, Traklosia, was created for this genus in 2015 — Robertia was an invalid name due to a senior homonym. It consists of three species found in Brazil and Cuba, and they are parasites of millipedes.
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In 2015, Ernest C. Bernard and Gary Phillips coined Traklosia as nomen novum for Robertia. The word Traklosia comes from the first three letters in the surnames of L. Travassos and G. R. Kloss. Travassos and Kloss had circumscribed the genus Robertia for their newly-described species Robertia leiperi in 1961. The generic name Robertia was unavailable because a senior homonym, the synapsid genus Robertia, was named in 1948.
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The nomen Opellius seems to belong to a class of gentilicia formed from cognomina using the diminutive suffix -illius or -ellius. It might thus be related to similar nomina, such as Obellius or Ofilius.Chase, p. 124. Most of the Opellii named in inscriptions cannot be precisely dated, but it may be significant that some of them are from Praeneste, an ancient Latin city, and perhaps the origin of the gens...
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Mauisaurus remains have all been found in New Zealand's South Island, near Canterbury. One Mauisaurus fossil was even found battling a mosasaur from the New Zealand region. Mauisaurus gardneri was described in 1877 based on cervical vertebrae and a humerus from the Gault Clay of Folkestone, but was later declared a nomen vanum in an overview of Cretaceous plesiosaurs published by Samuel Welles in 1962.Welles, S. P. 1962.
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Mentuhotep's cosmetic box bears Djehuti's nomen, prenomen and cartouche together with funerary formulae and an inscription revealing that the box was a gift from the king. It has been suggested that the unattributed Southern South Saqqara pyramid may have been built for Djehuti. This hypothesis is based on a fragmentary inscription found within the pyramid and reading "Weserkha...", a possible reference to Weserkhau i.e. Djehuti's Golden Horus name.
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Scaphopetalum is a genus previously classified under the plant family Sterculiaceae. Currently, under the APG IV system the genus is placed under the subfamily Byttnerioideae of the family Malvaceae senso lato. The distribution of the genus is restricted to the rain forests of Africa. In total 26 taxa have been described, 21 have been recognized (20 species and 1 variety), two invalid and one nomen nudus (without a formal description).
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Germanicus was also a great-nephew of Augustus on his mother's side and nephew of Tiberius on his father's side. His wife, Agrippina the Elder, was a granddaughter of Augustus. Through Agrippina, Germanicus' children – including Caligula – were Augustus' great-grandchildren. When Augustus adopted Tiberius, the latter was required to adopt his brother's eldest son as well, thus allowing Germanicus' side of the Imperial family to inherit the Julius nomen.
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75 He is known almost entirely from inscriptions; Voconius is mentioned once in Ulpian's Libro octavo de officio proconsulis.Digest 18.1.27 Ronald Syme observes that the nomen gentilicum Voconius appears 14 times in the volumes of Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum containing inscriptions from Gallia Narbonensis and the Spanish provinces; there is also the place-name "Forum Voconi" in Gallia Narbonesis.Syme, "Missing Persons III", Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 11 (1962), p.
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Rüdiger Bieler and Richard Petit (1996) considered it a nomen nudum, and the authorship was transferred to Robert Tucker Abbott (1960), who had provided a proper description and illustrations of Laevistrombus and specified a type species, Strombus canarium L., in the first volume of his monograph Indo-Pacific Mollusca. The currently accepted classification was proposed by Sepkoski (2002), who elevated Laevistrombus to genus level based on palaeontological data.
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He subdivided the latter species into two subspecies in the first paper, but not in the second paper. In 1983 Estes listed the material as Lacertilia incertae sedis. Milner and Evans, 1991, redescribed L. estesi as a maniraptoran and, more specifically, as an early avialan or troodontid They also cast doubt on the identification of the more poorly preserved L. mistracostatus, considering it a nomen dubium. Buscalioni and Evans et al.
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The holotype skull was figured in 1988 by R. E. Fordyce and Australodelphis mirus first appeared as a nomen nudum in E. H. Colbert's 1991 "Mesozoic and Cainozoic tetrapod fossils from Antarctica". A second species of Australodelphis was noted by R. E. Fordyce and P. G. Quilty in their 1993 publication on the stratigraphic context of the Marine Plain sediments, but this second species has yet to be formally described.
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It is a popular misconception that Rhinesuchus is named after the Rhine River in Europe; Rhinesuchus actually gets its name from the Greek word for nose. The type species is Rhinesuchus whaitsi. Two more species, R. africanus and R. wadiai, are considered to be nomen dubium. R. broomianus and R. beaufortensis have been synonymized with R. whaitsi, while R. capensis has been moved out of the genus into Rhinesuchoides.
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Each entry gives the full name of the magistrate who triumphed, beginning with his praenomen (normally abbreviated), nomen gentilicium, filiation, and cognomina (if any). Following these names are the magistracy or promagistracy held, the names of the defeated enemies or conquered territories, and the date that the triumph was celebrated. Roman numerals indicate those individuals who held the magistracy in question multiple times, or who received multiple triumphs.
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Another taxon that Czerkas assigned to the pterosauria and named Utahdactylus was reviewed by Dr. Chris Bennett. Bennett found multiple misidentifications of bones and inconsistencies between Czerkas' diagrams and the actual fossils. Bennett found the specimen to be an indeterminate diapsid and criticized the previous authors for publishing a species name when no diagnostic characters below the class level could be verified. He made Utahdactylus a nomen dubium.
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Carrano (2012), p. 255 In 1909, Richard Lydekker named Megalosaurus woodwardi, based on a maxilla with tooth, specimen BMNH 41352. This is today seen as a nomen dubium, an indeterminate member of the Theropoda. In 1910, Arthur Smith Woodward named Megalosaurus bradleyi based on a skull from the Middle Jurassic, the specific name honouring the collector F. Lewis Bradley. In 1926, this was made a separate genus Proceratosaurus.
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C. H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, München 161-332. Thus Hoplitosuchus was constructed as a replacement name for Hoplitosaurus. Because the holotype specimen consists of unidentifiable osteoderms and any other material attributed to the genus may actually be considered a composite of rauisuchian and dinosaurian remains, Hoplitosuchus is now considered to be a nomen dubium.Desojo, J. B. and Rauhut, O. (2008). New insights on “rauisuchian” taxa (Archosauria: Crurotarsi) from Brazil.
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When the thema is established in an authority file, it is possible to translate across systems. The nomen for Stockholm could be anything from "Stockholm", "Stockholm (City)", "Tukholma" - the Finnish spelling of Stockholm - or a range of Zip-codes, or the longitude and latitude, or a picture of the city, or a sound. FRSAR, if implemented, enables users to perform specific and precise subject searching across multiple systems.
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The Ummidii were a minor family, apparently not of any great antiquity, and was not familiar to contemporary writers. The nomen Ummidius is given in various forms by different authors. Josephus writes it as Numidius, while in different editions of Tacitus, Plinius, and the authors of the Historia Augusta, it is written as Numidius, Vindius, and Ummidius. The latter occurs in some of the best manuscripts, and in inscriptions.
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The holotype of Hurdia victoria, an h-element of the cephalic carapace. Hurdia was named in 1912 by Charles Walcott, with two species, the type species H. victoria and a referred species, H. triangulata. The genus name refers to Mount Hurd. It is possible that Walcott had described a specimen the year prior as Amiella, but the specimen is too fragmentary to identify with certainty, so Amiella is a nomen dubium.
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378 He also mentioned Pentaglis földváry, a name given to a single upper molar from the middle Miocene of Hungary, which is now lost. Although the specimen shows some similarities with Seorsumuscardinus, published illustrations are too poor to confirm the identity of Pentaglis, and Prieto considered the latter name to be an unidentifiable nomen dubium.Prieto, 2009, p. 379 Because of its derived and specialized morphology, the relationships of Seorsumuscardinus are obscure.
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Some sources have doubted the presence of heterodactyl feet in this genus. Lockley et al. (2007) found that its metatarsal II was not strongly curved inwards compared to other enantiornitheans, and they also noted that the supposed reversed second toe claw probably acquired that position after the animal died. In 2009, Jingmai O'Connor considered Dalingheornis to be a nomen dubium due to its remains being stored in a private collection.
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The nomen Aurunculeius is probably derived from the name of the Aurunci, a race of people from rural Campania, conquered by the Romans in 314 BC, during the Second Samnite War. The Aurunculei may have been of Auruncan origin, or perhaps less probably, descendants of the colonists sent to the towns of the Aurunci beginning in 313.Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita ix. 25, 26Oxford Classical Dictionary, 2nd Ed. (1970).
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According to tradition, the Servilia gens was one of the Alban houses removed to Rome by Tullus Hostilius, and enrolled by him among the patricians. It was, consequently, one of the gentes minores. The nomen Servilius is a patronymic surname, derived from the praenomen Servius (meaning "one who keeps safe" or "preserves"), which must have been borne by the ancestor of the gens.Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, i. 30.
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Some of these may have been the descendants of freedmen of the gens, or of patrician Quinctii who had voluntarily gone over to the plebs. There may also have been unrelated persons who happened to share the same nomen. Pliny the Elder relates that it was the custom in the Quinctia gens for even the women not to wear any ornaments of gold.Pliny the Elder, xxxiii. 1. s. 6.
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The nomen Paconius belongs to a class of gentilicia formed using the suffix ', which were originally derived from other names ending in -o, although later the suffix came to be regarded as a regular gentile-forming suffix in other cases. In this instance, the root of the name is probably the Oscan praenomen Paccius, which would make it cognate with Paccius, Pacilia, and perhaps Pacidia.Chase, pp. 118, 119, 139.
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Skeneoides jeffreysii is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Skeneidae. Circulus jeffreysii Monterosato 1872 is the original description by Monterosato, but it is a nomen nudum, although used as valid by Anders Warén, 1992 Warén A., 1992: New and little known "Skeneimorph" gastropods from the Mediterranean Sea and the adjacent Atlantic Ocean; Bollettino Malacologico 27(10–12): 149–248 as a valid taxon.
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Priestess of Vesta, performing sacred rites. Invocation Frederic Leighton (1830–1896) In the earliest period, the binomial nomenclature of praenomen and nomen that developed throughout Italy was shared by both men and women. Most praenomina had both masculine and feminine forms, although a number of praenomina common to women were seldom or never used by men. Just as men's praenomina, women's names were regularly abbreviated instead of being written in full.
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Its root is uncertain, as its root would be expected to be a cognomen, Pactumus, or perhaps another gentile name, Pactumius, both of which are unknown. The closest known name seems to be the Oscan praenomen Paccius, occasionally written Pactius, which was itself used as a nomen gentilicium, as well as forming nomina with other suffixes, such as Pacilius, Paconius, and probably Pacidius.Chase, pp. 119, 123, 128, 139.
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He found administration to be mundane, leaving those responsibilities to his mother, Julia Domna, to attend to. Caracalla's reign featured domestic instability and external invasions by the Germanic peoples. Caracalla's reign became notable for the Antonine Constitution (), also known as the Edict of Caracalla, which granted Roman citizenship to all free men throughout the Roman Empire. The edict gave all the enfranchised men Caracalla's adopted praenomen and nomen: "Marcus Aurelius".
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The Perpernae were certainly of Etruscan origin, as indicated by the form of their nomen; gentilicia ending in -enna, -erna, -inna, and similar forms are characteristic of Etruscan families, and are not found among the other peoples of Italy.Chase, pp. 117, 118. Both Perperna and Perpenna are found in the best manuscripts, and no coins of this gens have survived, although Fronto mentions some that existed in his time.
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The closest Swedish equivalent of John Doe in Swedish is the formal N.N. (Latin nomen nescio, "name unknown"). Common first names infrequently used as placeholders are "Kalle" for boys and "Lisa" for girls, "Anna" and "Maria" for women, "Johan" and "Anders" for men. More in use is the equivalent of the collective term Average Joe: Medelsvensson. Medel is Swedish for 'medium' or 'average', and Svensson is a common Swedish surname.
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The nomen Rufinius belongs to a class of gentilicia formed from surnames ending in -inus, using the suffix -inius.Chase, pp. 125, 126. The name was formed from the cognomen Rufinus, reddish, a diminutive of Rufus, red, and in this way is related to a number of other gentilicia formed from rufus, ruber, and rutilus, all with similar meanings, and in most cases originally applied to someone with red or reddish hair.
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Supradapedon is an extinct genus of hyperodapedontine rhynchosaur from mid- late Triassic deposits of Tanganyika Territory, Tanzania. It is known from the holotype SAM-11704. The holotype and only specimen of Supradapedon was first assigned to a species of Scaphonyx (now considered to be a nomen dubium), Scaphonyx stockleyi. This species was reassigned to its own genus by Sankar Chatterjee in 1980 and the type species is Supradapedon stockleyi.
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Records of the Queen Victoria Museum Launceston 113:1-12 Notoceratops has since been considered a nomen dubium and may have been a hadrosaur instead. An analysis published by Tom Rich et al. in 2014, which focused on the validity of another supposed southern ceratopsian, Serendipaceratops, also examined the published material from Notoceratops. They concluded that the holotype had ceratopsian features and that the genus is probably valid.
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Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, Editor.Gaius Mallius was a colonist of Fiesole who, according to Sallust (Bellum Catilinae 24.2), was the first to raise an army and take the field against Rome. His nomen is often confused with the more common Manlius. Fiesole was the scene of Stilicho's great victory over the Germanic hordes of the Vandals and Suebi under Radagaisus in 406.
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Sveltonectes is known from the holotype IRSNB R269, an almost complete three-dimensionally preserved skeleton including a partial skull. It was collected in unnamed locality, in Ul’yanovsk, dating to the late Barremian stage of the early Cretaceous, about 126 million years ago. Another thunnosaur described from the same locality, by Bogolubow (1909), is "Ichthyosaurus" steleodon. It is a nomen dubium that is twice the size and more robust than Sveltonectes.
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The species was first described in 1774 by the German botanist Jacob Christian Schäffer. Schaeffer gave it the binomial Elvella clavata, and called it Der keulenförmige Faltenschwamm ("the club-shaped wrinkled sponge") in the vernacular. In 1794, Christian Hendrik Persoon published Spathularia flavida as a nomen novum (new replacement name), as Schaeffer's published name was not legitimate. Elias Fries sanctioned this name in the first edition of his Systema Mycologicum (1821).
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Four species have been assigned to Dysganus: D. encaustus, D. bicarinatus, D. peiganus and D. haydenianus. All are based solely on teeth and were described by Edward Drinker Cope in 1876. In 1907, John Bell Hatcher redescribed the teeth of Dysganus, and found that the genus was a nomen dubium. The teeth of D. peiganus were thought to be from a stegosaurian by Lull and Wright in 1942.
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The nomen Proculeius, belongs to a common class of gentilicia ending in the diminutive suffix '-eius', often although not exclusively formed from other names ending in '-a' or '-as'.Chase, pp. 120, 121. In this case, the name is a patronymic surname derived from the old praenomen Proculus, which Festus reported was originally given to a child born when his father was far from home,Liber de Praenominibus.
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The name Leucospermum truncatum was first used in 1843 by Heinrich Wilhelm Buek for a specimen that was collected by Johann Franz Drège in August 1831, just east of Cape Agulhas on a limestone hill. He however failed to add a description, and therefore L. truncatum H.Buek is a nomen nudum. In 1856, Carl Meissner used Buek's epithet for Leucospermum zeyheri var. truncatum, adding the necessary description in Latin.
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Geranosaurus (meaning "crane reptile") is a genus of ornithischian dinosaur from the Early Jurassic. It is known only from crushed fragments of the skull, a single jaw bone with nine tooth stubs and limb elements discovered in the Clarens Formation, South Africa in 1871. Because of the limited remains, it is considered a nomen dubium. It is classified as an ornithischian based on the jaw, probably a heterodontosaurid.
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A 2011 study supported this idea for the most mature specimen of Brachyceratops, USNM 14765, which shows one unique newly evolved feature (apomorphy) in common with Rubeosaurus to the exclusion of other centrosaurines. However, the same study suggested that because the holotype specimen of Brachyceratops is too incomplete and juvenile to preserve any determinable apomorphies, Brachyceratops must be considered a nomen dubium, and cannot be a senior synonym of Rubeosaurus.
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Gaius Fabius HadrianusThe nomen is given as Fulvius in some editions of Orosius (Historiae 5.20), but is generally corrected to Fabius, as in the 1889 edition of C. Zangemeister here. was praetor in 84 BC and propraetor 83–82 in the Roman province of Africa.Orosius, 5.20.3; Pseudo-Asconius 241 in the edition of Thomas Stangl, Pseudoasconiana (1909, reprinted 1967), cited in T.R.S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol.
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Most species have been reassigned to the genera Smilosuchus, Rutiodon, Pseudopalatus, or Phytosaurus. Until recently, M. validus was considered to be the only species that has not been reassigned. Thus, Machaeroprosopus was considered to be a nomen dubium or "doubtful name" because of the lack of diagnostic specimens that can support its distinction from other phytosaur genera. However, a taxonomic revision of Machaeroprosopus, conducted by Parker et al.
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The species has been described as having a first epiparietal pointing upwards instead of forwards.Longrich, N., 2014, "The horned dinosaurs Pentaceratops and Kosmoceratops from the upper Campanian of Alberta and implications for dinosaur biogeography", Cretaceous Research, 51: 292-308 In 2016, Mallon et al. found P. aquilonius to be morphologically similar to Spiclypeus shipporum, with it possibly being the same species, and considered P. aquilonius a nomen dubium.
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Palaeontographica Americana 55, 1e287 Being the only Jurassic scorpion known, there is no evidence that L. schmidti was aquatic (which was suggested in the past) and in the absence of further, better preserved material it should be excluded from future considerations of broad patterns of scorpion evolution. Some works consider it even a nomen dubium.Stockwell, S.A., 1989. Revision of the phylogeny and higher classification of the scorpions (Chelicerata).
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In later years, Mochlodon was often considered a nomen dubium. In 2003, when M. robustus was renamed Zalmoxes, Mochlodon was tentatively reinstated as a separate genus for the species Mochlodon suessi. In 2005 a study concluded that no unique derived features, autapomorphies, could be established for Mochlodon in relation to Zalmoxes, assigning the Austrian remains provisionally to a Zalmoxes sp.; a definite identification would give Mochlodon nomenclatural priority.
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The genus was named in 1927 by Friedrich von Huene, but without a description, so that it remained a nomen nudum.Huene, F. von, 1927, "Sichtung der Grundlagen der Jetzigen Kenntnis der Sauropoden", Eclogae geologicae Helvetiae, 20: 444-470 In 1929 the type species, Laplatasaurus araukanicus, was described by Huene.Huene, F. von, 1929, Los Saurisquios y Ornithisquios de Cretaceo Argentino, Anales Museo de La Plata, 2nd series, v. 3, p.
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It was reassigned to a new genus and species, Caryonosuchus pricei, by Kellner et al. (2011). They also considered the type material of S. huenei to be undiagnosable, making the species a nomen dubium. Pol (2003) described the only diagnosable specimen, RCL-100 a nearly complete skull, that is currently considered to belong to Sphagesaurus. It consists of the rostrum, orbital and temporal regions, except for its dorsal elements.
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Among them was a left thighbone, specimen GSM 109560. In 1859, Owen named the genus Scelidosaurus in an entry about palaeontology in the Encyclopædia Britannica.Owen, R., 1859, "Palaeontology", In: Encyclopædia Britannica Edition 8, Volume 17, p. 150 The lemma text contained a diagnosis, implicating that the genus was validly named and was not a nomen nudum, despite the fact that the definition was vague and no specimens were identified.
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Both the left and right scenes have variations of the offering tables, Tetisheri's arm poses, as well as Ahmose's. Besides Tetisheri's representation and nomen depictions in the lunette, her name appears in the hieroglyphs text below along with that of Nefertari who is referred as talking with Ahmose about making offerings and buildings to Tetisheri. The multicolumned text in the lunette is the same for both left and right.Kamrin, 2004.
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In that case the genus Cristatusaurus would have priority, since it was named two months earlier. Others have concluded, however, that Cristatusaurus is a nomen dubium, considering it indistinguishable from both Suchomimus and Baryonyx. Some distinctions between the fossils of Cristatusaurus and Suchomimus have been pointed out, but it is uncertain whether these differences separate the two genera or if they are due to ontogeny (changes in an organism during growth).
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In ancient Rome, a gens ( or ), plural gentes, was a family consisting of individuals who shared the same nomen and who claimed descent from a common ancestor. A branch of a gens was called a stirps (plural stirpes). The gens was an important social structure at Rome and throughout Italia during the period of the Roman Republic. Much of individuals' social standing depended on the gens to which they belonged.
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The greenish yellow bat (Scotophilus viridis)In some sources, the bat is referred to by the nomen nudum "Scotophilus mhlanganii". See: is a species of vesper bat. It is found in Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Ivory Coast, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Its natural habitats are dry and moist savanna.
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According to Varro, there was a goddess Numeria, to whom women prayed during childbirth. She was mentioned in the ancient prayers recited by the Pontifex Maximus, and Varro writes that the praenomen Numerius was given to children who were born quickly. As with other gentilicia that share a form with praenomina and cognomina, it is often difficult to determine whether persons named Numerius bore it as a praenomen, nomen, or cognomen.
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The bronze trumpet was discovered in the tomb's antechamber in a large chest containing various military objects and walking sticks. The silver trumpet was subsequently found in the burial chamber. Both are finely engraved, with decorative images of the gods Ra-Horakhty, Ptah and Amun. The silver trumpet's bell is engraved with a whorl of sepals and calices representing a lotus flower, and the praenomen and nomen of the king.
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Seth Meribre is only attested for certain on the Turin canon, column 7, line 23 (Alan Gardiner and Jürgen von Beckerath: col. 6 row 23). Ryholt suggests that stele JE35256, discovered in Abydos and now in the Egyptian Museum, was originally inscribed with the nomen, prenomen and Horus name of Seth Meribre. The stele, bearing a date year 4, was later usurped by Neferhotep I. Previously, historian Anthony LeahyLeahy, Anthony (1989).
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"Saldamosaurus" is an informal genus of stegosaurid dinosaur known from a complete braincase discovered in the Early Cretaceous Saldam Formation of Siberia, Russia. The type species, "Saldamosaurus tuvensis", was named in 2014 but according to Galton and Carpenter (2016) it did not meet the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and is hence a nomen nudum,.Ulansky, R. E., 2014. Evolution of the stegosaurs (Dinosauria; Ornithischia).
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"Sanchusaurus" (meaning "Lizard from Sanchu") is an informal name for an ornithomimosaur dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous period of Asia. It is only known by a partial tail vertebra, found in Nakasato, Japan. Dong (1990) considered it synonymous with Gallimimus but the large discrepancy in both age and location between the two species renders this opinion untenable. The genus has not been formally described and is considered a nomen nudum.
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Chao S., 1983. "Phylogeny and Evolutionary Stages of Dinosauria", Acta Palaeontologia Polonica 28 (1/2): 295-306 Zhao at the time gave neither a description, meaning the name remained a nomen nudum, nor a specific name. The latter was provided in 1986 when the type species Monkonosaurus lawulacus was named, the epithet referring to the Lawushan, the Lawu mountains. The first description was provided in 1990 by Dong Zhiming.
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Some scholars believe that Ulpia Severina was from Dacia, where the nomen Ulpius was common due to the influence of Trajan (Marcus Ulpius Traianus). At any rate, Ulpia Severina married Aurelian probably before he became emperor in 270. It is known that she had a daughter by him. According to coinage depicting her, Ulpia had gained the title of Augusta at least by the autumn of 274 if not before then.
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Ancient Greek names also follow the pattern, with epithets (similar to second names) only used subsequently by historians to avoid confusion, as in the case of Zeno the Stoic and Zeno of Elea; likewise, patronymics or other biographic details (such as city of origin, or another city the individual was associated with, borough, occupation) were used to specify whom one was talking about, but these details were not considered part of the name. A departure from this custom occurred, for example, among the Romans, who by the Republican period and throughout the Imperial period used multiple names: a male citizen's name comprised three parts (this was mostly typical of the upper class, while others would usually have only two names): praenomen (given name), nomen (clan name) and cognomen (family line within the clan) — the nomen and cognomen were almost always hereditary.William Smith, Dictionary of the Bible, p. 2060. Mononyms in other ancient cultures include the Celtic queen Boudica and the Numidian king Jugurtha.
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QMF 7292 was established as the type specimen of Wintonotitan in 2009 by Scott Hocknull and colleagues. Hocknull suggested that Austrosaurus mckillopi differed only slightly from the QMF 7292, the holotype of Wintonotitan wattsii, and should be considered a nomen dubium. The type species is W. wattsi, honoring the original discoverer. A phylogenetic analysis found Wintonotitan to be a basal titanosauriform sauropod, in a comparable part of the titanosauriform tree to Phuwiangosaurus.
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Some authors have deemed the species a nomen dubium, questioning its supposed diagnostic characteristics, especially in light of its presumed immature status. The validity of the taxon has therefore been controversial. The 2004 redescription denied this, proposing three diagnostic characters. In their description of Sahaliyania and Wulagasaurus, Pascal Godefroit and colleagues reported based on direct observation of the type specimen that all of these supposed unique traits were found in other hadrosaurids.
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Many other sources published between 1972 and 1994 followed this conclusion. However, a later study by Paul Sereno and Andrea Arcucci (1994) concluded that the original type specimen of Lagosuchus was poorly preserved and undiagnostic. They argued against assigning other specimens to the genus Lagosuchus, which they regarded as a nomen dubium. They also noted that many referred PVL specimens had limb proportions and other subtle traits differing from Lagosuchus specimens stored elsewhere.
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M.T. Carrano and S.D. Sampson, 2008, "The phylogeny of Ceratosauria (Dinosauria: Theropoda)", Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 6(2): 183-236 The type material has been lost, lacking a known inventory number, making it difficult to test the several hypotheses. The taxon is today commonly seen as a nomen dubium.F.E. Novas, S. Chatterjee, D.K. Rudra and P.M. Datta, 2010, "Rahiolisaurus gujaratensis, n. gen. n. sp., a new abelisaurid theropod from the Late Cretaceous of India".
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Praealtus paralbida is a species of octopus in the family Megaleledonidae. It is the only known species in the monotypic genus Praealtus. It is very similar to Bentheledone albida, a taxon that is considered a nomen dubium; its true taxonomic status will not be confirmed until more specimens are collected. It reaches a total length of 380mm, with a round mantle and narrow head and medium length arms each with a single row of suckers.
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Triceratops is by far the best-known ceratopsian to the general public. It is traditional for ceratopsian genus names to end in "-ceratops", although this is not always the case. One of the first named genera was Ceratops itself, which lent its name to the group, although it is considered a nomen dubium today as its fossil remains have no distinguishing characteristics that are not also found in other ceratopsians.Dodson, P. 1996.
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The nomen of Imyremeshaw is a well attested name in use during the Second Intermediate Period and means "Overseer of troops" or "General". For this reason, it has been assumed without further evidence that Imyremeshaw was a general before becoming king. Following this hypothesis, egyptologists Alan Gardiner and William Hayes translated the entry of the Turin canon referring to Imyremeshaw as "Smenkhkare the General", i.e. understanding Imyremeshaw as a title rather than a name.
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Catullus 12 read in Latin Catullus 12 is a poem by the Roman poet Catullus. In it, he chides Asinius Marrucinus for stealing one of his napkins, calling it uncouth and noting the disapproval of his brother, Pollio. Note the reversal of the praenomen and nomen in the first line. While "Asini Marrucine" could be translated simply as "Asinius Marrucinus", the inverted word order introduces the alternative meaning "Marrucinus [son] of a jackass".
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