Endometriosis If you've been diagnosed with this condition, you might experience pain during both sex and mensuration.
|
|
They say more needs to be done to remove associations of shame surrounding mensuration and men and women alike need to be educated about the potential dangers of the tradition.
|
|
The United Nations has issued a clarion call to view this issue as a human rights issue in need of a cultural change and deliberate action to eliminate the discrimination, shame, and stigma associated with mensuration.
|
|
He co-authored textbooks on forest mensuration and sampling with other notable forest biometricians Donald BruceBruce, D., and F.X. Schumacher. 1942. Forest Mensuration. McGraw-Hill. New York. 425p.
|
|
CCF at Stourhead - Final Report. Continuous Cover Silviculture & Mensuration in Mixed Conifers at the Stourhead (Western) Estate, Wiltshire, UK. Technical Report. SelectFor. 39 p. Deffee, R. (2014).
|
|
A portion of the Rhind Papyrus The second part of the Rhind papyrus, being problems 41–59, 59B and 60, consists of geometry problems. Peet referred to these problems as "mensuration problems".
|
|
His interest in statistics led him to an affiliation with R.A. Fisher, and Schumacher led early advances to adopt statistical methods in forest inventories and silvicultural research.Stage. A. 2001. Some giants of forest mensuration.
|
|
Arvo Pärt has written several mensuration canons, including Cantus in Memoriam Benjamin Britten, Arbos and Festina Lente. Per Nørgård's infinity series has a sloth canon structure . This self-similarity of sloth canons makes it "fractal like".
|
|
The proof of this definition is shown by differentiating MAI(t) with respect to t, and is shown by Husch, Miller, and Beers Husch, B., Miller, C.I., and T.W. Beers. 1982. Forest Mensuration. Wiley. New York. 402 p.
|
|
Troup's three-volume work The Silviculture of Indian Trees was published in 1921. He also wrote Indian Forest Utilisation, Pinus Longifolia, Silvicultural Systems, A Manual of Forest Mensuration, Forestry and State Control and Exotic Forest Trees in the British Empire (1932).
|
|
During the 17th century, the system of mensuration signs and proportions gradually developed into the modern time signatures, and new notation devices for time measurements, such as bar lines and ties, were introduced, ultimately leading toward the modern notation system.
|
|
New Zealand Forest Service, Forest Research Institute, Mensuration Report No. 16 1971 (unpublished). Kauri is common as a specimen tree in parks and gardens throughout New Zealand, prized for the distinctive look of young trees, its low maintenance once established (although seedlings are frost tender).
|
|
The pieces of bucked logs may be known by several names. Bolts are the pieces of a log which has been bucked into specific lengths which are less than ,Chapman, Herman Haupt, and Walter Huber Meyer. Forest Mensuration,. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1949. 13. Print.
|
|
He liked to write canons of considerable complexity, rather than restricting himself to simple imitation. The second of his two masses based on the L'homme armé tune begins and ends with mensuration canons, canons in which all the voices sing the same material, but at different speeds; this is yet another feat of contrapuntal virtuosity worthy of Josquin or Ockeghem; indeed La Rue sometimes seemed to be in conscious competition with the more renowned Josquin. The closing Agnus Dei of this mass is the only known mensuration canon of the entire era for four voices, with all four voices singing the same tune.Meconi, 2003, p.
|
|
The 194 IS provides tailored target and geospatial intelligence to the Air Component to enable precision engagement and effective operations. Providing Aimpoint Development, Precise Point Mensuration, Weaponeering, and Collateral Damage Assessment, the 194 IS has quickly become one of the premier combat targeting intelligence units in the nation.
|
|
He also made use of irregular mensuration signs, found in few other manuscripts. He also uses proportional rhythms in some ballades, a device which became more popular in later periods. His Italian works tend to be simpler, especially the ballate. Both his French and Italian works take as their subjects courtly love.
|
|
In music, a prolation canon (also called a mensuration canon or proportional canon) is a type of canon, a musical composition wherein the main melody is accompanied by one or more imitations of that melody in other voices. Not only do the voices sing or play the same melody, they do so at different speeds (or prolations, a mensuration term that dates to the medieval and Renaissance eras). Accompanying voices may enter either simultaneously or successively. If voices extend the rhythmic values of the leader (for example, by doubling all note values), a procedure known as augmentation, the resulting canon can be called an augmentation canon or canon by augmentation (canon per augmentationem) or sloth canon (recalling the slow movement of the sloth).
|
|
In a mensuration canon (also known as a prolation canon, or a proportional canon), the follower imitates the leader by some rhythmic proportion. The follower may double the rhythmic values of the leader (augmentation or sloth canon) or it may cut the rhythmic proportions in half (diminution canon). Phasing involves the application of modulating rhythmic proportions according to a sliding scale. The cancrizans, and often the mensuration canon, take exception to the rule that the follower must start later than the leader; that is, in a typical canon, a follower cannot come before the leader (for then the labels 'leader' and 'follower' should be reversed) or at the same time as the leader (for then two lines together would constantly be in unison, or parallel thirds, etc.
|
|
The second of these, the Practica musicae, is the most thorough, proceeding through subjects as diverse as ancient Greek notation, plainchant, mensuration, counterpoint, and tempo. One of his most famous comments is that the tactus, the tempo of a semibreve, is equal to the pulse of a man who is breathing quietly--presumably about 72 beats per minute.
|
|
The Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory was established in 1966. In 1975, according to the Geodetic Origin Report of the People's Republic of China, 'in order to avoid bias in the mensuration as much as possible, the Geodetic Origin would be in central mainland China.' Lintong (), a town near Xi'an was chosen. Since 1986, Chinese Standard Time (CST) was set from NTSC.
|
|
See Bernan's History and Art of Warming and Ventilation, 1845, ii. 70 In 1787, age 74, a year before his death, he published An Attempt towards obtaining invariable Measures of Length, Capacity, and Weight, from the Mensuration of Time (London). Whitehurst wanted to study the shape of the earth by measuring differences in gravitation. For this, he studied heavy pendulums in different locations.
|
|
Manuscript page of the first "Kyrie" The Missa prolationum is a musical setting of the Ordinary of the Mass by Johannes Ockeghem, dating from the second half of the 15th century. Based on freely written material probably composed by Ockeghem himself, and consisting entirely of mensuration canons,Johannes Ockeghem, "Masses and Mass Sections IX-XVI." Ed. D. Plamenac. Publikationen älterer Musik, ii (New York, 1947, 2/1966).
|
|
The musical forms within the Cantigas, and there are many, are still being studied. There have been many false leads, and there is little beyond pitch value that is very reliable. Mensuration is a particular problem in the Cantigas, and most attempts at determining meaningful rhythmic schemes have tended, with some exceptions, to be unsatisfactory. This remains a lively topic of debate and study.
|
|
In 1902, a locating pyramid was placed on the western corner of the tower. The pyramid was used in the official Swiss mensuration national (i.e. MN03). The exact altitude of the top of the pyramid is above sea level. In 2005, the pyramid becomes the property of the canton of Vaud and in 2006 it is no longer used due to the rise of GPS.
|
|
Buxton was of the opinion that Horsefield was "not a mere country herbalist, but an excellent scientific botanist", and the 1826 meeting presented Buxton with opportunities to meet a like-minded circle of men where previously his had been a solitary pursuit.Hogg (1849), p. 223.Buxton (1849), pp. v–xi. Horsefield did not confine his scientific interests to botany, as he also studied algebra, mensuration and astronomy.
|
|
This ternary division held for all note values. In contrast, the Ars Nova period introduced two important changes: the first was an even smaller subdivision of notes (semibreves, could now be divided into minim), and the second was the development of "mensuration." Mensurations could be combined in various manners to produce metrical groupings. These groupings of mensurations are the precursors of simple and compound meter.
|
|
Whereas in mainland Europe the renaissance preceded the reformation, local conditions in England caused the reformation to come first. The reformation was about allowing the laïty to interpret the Bible in their own way without the intervention of priests, and preferably in the vernacular. This stimulated the foundation of free Grammar schools- who searched for a less constrained curriculum. Colonialisation required navigation, mensuration, languages and administrative skills.
|
|
Run in the early 19th century by a Roman Catholic teacher called Francis Carney in a field owned by Mr. Patterson. He taught reading, writing, arithmetic, English grammar and mensuration. The teacher was paid at Christmas each year by the schoolchildren, making £11-8s-3d per annum. It was a thatched school with three windows on one side and a door on the other.
|
|
It is the > sincere hope of the editors that information concerning such specimens be > shared with others by submitting accurate and verifiable records to the > Registry of World Record Size Shells. The largest shell specimens are often housed in museums, but such institutions can rarely commit significant resources towards mensuration, and most records pertaining to museum specimens were collated by volunteers.Hutsell, K.C. (8 October 1998). Re: P. rumphii World Record.
|
|
Students could alternatively take both courses over four years. By the winter term, both programs were extended to four years and pupils were required to study at least one foreign language. By 1866, the school featured nine faculty, teaching Latin, German, French, Greek, geography, botany, astronomy, history, Cicero, mensuration (mathematics), natural philosophy, and political economy. In 1868, a special three-year classical course, intended as preparatory school for colleges, was introduced.
|
|
In geometry, a (plural: frusta or frustums) is the portion of a solid (normally a cone or pyramid) that lies between one or two parallel planes cutting it. A right frustum is a parallel truncation of a right pyramid or right cone.William F. Kern, James R. Bland, Solid Mensuration with proofs, 1938, p. 67 In computer graphics, the viewing frustum is the three-dimensional region which is visible on the screen.
|
|
Blackburn, p. 72. Josquin's most famous cantus-firmus masses are the two based on the L'homme armé tune, which was the favorite tune for mass composition of the entire Renaissance. The earlier of the two, Missa L'homme armé super voces musicales, is a technical tour-de-force on the tune, containing numerous mensuration canons and contrapuntal display. It was by far the most famous of all his masses.
|
|
Opening of the Agnus Dei II from the Missa L'homme armé super voces musicales. The movement consists of a three-out-of-one mensuration canon. The middle voice is the slowest; the lowest voice sings at twice the speed of the middle voice, and the top voice at three times the speed. The first four notes of the canon are shown connected by lines of the same color.
|
|
On July 19, an estimated 125 protesters gathered outside Omaha Police Headquarters for a "Bloody Sunday" protest objecting to the adverse effects of tear gas on mensuration and pregnancy. Police on horseback and in riot gear were present. Protesters went on a march that included visiting the site of the murder of James Scurlock. On July 25, people in Omaha protested in support of ongoing George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon.
|
|
In 1808, John Hunn, the city's street commissioner would comment that "The Surveys made by Mr. Goerck upon the Commons were effected through thickets and swamps, and over rocks and hills where it was almost impossible to produce accuracy of mensuration." Often the streets intended to intersect at right angles would not quite do so.A 19th-century reproduction of Goerck's 1796 map can be seen in Ballon, p.22. The 1785 map is not extant.
|
|
The second movement of Tabula Rasa, “Silentium,” or silence, is composed in the key of D minor, giving the impression of a V-I cadence in relation to "Ludus" in A minor. The movement begins with an arpeggiated D minor second inversion chord, played by the prepared piano. “Silentium” expands as a mensuration canon. Pärt divides the instruments into three sections; solo violins, violin I and violin II, and viola and cello.
|
|
Part C1 (the first rhythmic unit of the third, diminished, repetition of the tenor) of the isorhythmic motet Sub arturo plebs - Fons citharizantium - In omnem terram, by Johannes Alanus, 14th century. After editions by Margaret Bent and U. Günther. Sub Arturo plebs/Fons citharizancium/In omnem terram is an ars nova mensuration motet with a different text in each voice. The "triplum", or third voice, is on a text which names 14 musicians.
|
|
Prismatoid with parallel faces A₁ and A₃, midway cross-section A₂, and height h In geometry, a prismatoid is a polyhedron whose vertices all lie in two parallel planes. Its lateral faces can be trapezoids or triangles.William F. Kern, James R Bland, Solid Mensuration with proofs, 1938, p.75 If both planes have the same number of vertices, and the lateral faces are either parallelograms or trapezoids, it is called a prismoid.
|
|
The numerals used in the Bakhshali manuscript, dated to sometime between the 3rd and 7th century AD. The manuscript is a compendium of rules and illustrative examples. Each example is stated as a problem, the solution is described, and it is verified that the problem has been solved. The sample problems are in verse and the commentary is in prose associated with calculations. The problems involve arithmetic, algebra and geometry, including mensuration.
|
|
In 1535 Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia became famous for having solved cubics of the form x3 + ax = b (with a,b > 0). However, he chose to keep his method secret. In 1539, Cardano, then a lecturer in mathematics at the Piatti Foundation in Milan, published his first mathematical book, Pratica Arithmeticæ et mensurandi singularis (The Practice of Arithmetic and Simple Mensuration). That same year, he asked Tartaglia to explain to him his method for solving cubic equations.
|
|
The number of students successfully awarded degrees includes: B.Sc (Forestry) - 877 and M.Sc (Forestry) – 55. The curriculum at Bachelor's level seeks to develop a forester equipped with basic understanding of dynamics of forests through regeneration, growth and extraction. Disciplines like Silviculture and Agroforestry Forest Biology and Tree Improvement, Forest Product Utilization, and Natural resource Management form the core of this programme. In addition, advanced techniques in tree breeding, physiology, mensuration, remote sensing, management, marketing, legislation, extension etc.
|
|
Second staff: isorhythmic tenor as notated in mensural notation. Numbers 1–3 and brackets indicate three rhythmically identical sequences (taleae). The three mensuration signs in the beginning define the pattern of diminution, indicating tempus perfectum cum prolatio maior, tempus perfectum cum prolatio minor and tempus imperfectum cum prolatio minor, respectively. (In the manuscript these signs are in fact found at the end of the line, together with a repetition sign.) Staves 2–5: abbreviated transcription into modern notation.
|
|
At the end of two months, Bouvet, being ill, retired to Peking. Régis and Jartoux reached the western edge of the Great Wall at Jiayuguan and completed their work by the mensuration of an interior lateral wall which had brought them to Xining, on the frontier of Tibet, near Lake Kukunor. They returned to Beijing on 10 January 1709. Their map pleased the Kangxi Emperor, who requested the continuation of the work for the provinces outside the Great Wall and for China proper.
|
|
M. Bent, Two Fourteenth-Century Motets in Praise of Music (Lustleigh: Antico, 1986). Included in the list is J. de Alto Bosco, who has been identified with the composer and theorist John Hanboys, author of Summa super musicam continuam et discretam, a work that discusses the origins of musical notation and mensuration from the 13th century and proposed several new methods for recording music.P. M. Lefferts, ed., Regule, by Johannes Hanboys (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1991), pp. 30–1.
|
|
Each line represents one full repetition of the tenor's melody (color), including the three taleae in each, resulting in a nine-part structure. (Within each color, only the first few notes of each talea are rendered here.) The three mensuration signs in the line above correspond to the change in time signatures: , , . During the decades following and into the 15th century, upper voices became increasingly involved in isorhythmic organization. Many compositions became isorhythmic in all voices, a practice known as panisorhythm.
|
|
Lewis R. (Lou) Grosenbaugh (November 4, 1913 - April 22, 2003) was a prominent U.S. Forest Service researcher and head of the Forest Service's first Pioneering Research Unit, in forest mensuration, in Berkeley, California. Known for his contributions to the fields of forest inventory, forest measurement, and forest management, Grosenbaugh built on Walter Bitterlich's idea of estimating the density of a forest with timber cruising so that individual trees could be used to estimate various stand measures, such as volume per acre.
|
|
Larry Polansky performing one of his canons with audience at a panel discussion in January 2009 Larry Polansky (born 1954) is a composer, guitarist, mandolinist, and a professor at the University of California, Santa Cruz. He is a founding member and co-director of Frog Peak Music (a composers' collective): . He co-wrote HMSL (Hierarchical Music Specification Language) with Phil Burk and David Rosenboom. There are several recordings of his work, including an album of mensuration canons, Four-Voice Canons.
|
|
After 1820, Day taught mental and moral philosophy, and in 1838 published An Inquiry Respecting the Self-determining Power of the Will and A Course of Mathematics containing The Principles of Plane Trigonometry, Mensuration, Navigation and Surveying; and in 1841 An Examination of President Edwards's _Inquiry on the Freedom of the Will_. He also contributed numerous articles to periodicals, and published a few sermons. Dat was responsible for the publication of "The Yale Report of 1828" defending the classical curriculum.
|
|
In 1840 Tate became master of the mathematical and scientific department at the Battersea teacher training college; this was a private venture founded in 1839–40 by James Kay-Shuttleworth. Kay-Shuttleworth recruited Tate and two Scots, William Horne and Walter McLeod, to launch what was a new initiative in training, and textbook writing. Tate went on to write educational works on mathematics, mechanics, drawing, and natural science. His Principles of Geometry, Mensuration, Trigonometry, Land Surveying, and Levelling (London, 1848) was translated into Hindustani.
|
|
The number of subjects taught at the college increased, and the number of enrolled students increased four-fold. During his presidency, he continued to teach algebra, mensuration, and arithmetic. He also instructed students in astronomy, using instruments he had brought from Stonyhurst. Grassi made by his own hand or had a Jesuit brother make wooden orreries (since the college did not have money to purchase brass ones) for displaying the motion of the planets, as well as other apparatuses to demonstrate principles of mechanics or hydraulics.
|
|
It has the superscript "trinitas in un[um]" ("three in one") as a clue to its solution, is a mensuration canon of 3:1, and has one voice take part at the interval of a fifth, that is, 3:2. Its relation to the Christian Holy Trinity is clear, suggesting the use of a triangular representation. The representation is unique, although possibly from a copy used by Dossi.On the implication of "transcendance" expressed by the theoretically infinite repetition in many canons, see Chafe, Eric.
|
|
The Indian mathematicians were active in studying about number systems. The earliest known Indian mathematical documents are dated to around the middle of the first millennium BC (around the 6th century BC). "The oldest surviving documents on Hindu mathematics are copies of works written in the middle of the first millennium B.C., approximately the time during which Thales and Pythagoras lived. [...] from the sixth century B.C." The recurring themes in Indian mathematics are, among others, determinate and indeterminate linear and quadratic equations, simple mensuration, and Pythagorean triples.
|
|
The oldest undergraduate engineering program in the Ivy League, Brown's first course specifically in engineering was offered in 1847. It was a professional engineering program called, "English and Scientific Course", and was a one or two-year program and included courses in mechanics, geometry, surveying, navigation, mensuration of heights and distances, chemistry and trigonometry. In 1850, the civil engineering curriculum was inaugurated as a focused one and a half year program. During the late 19th century, engineering instructional laboratories were held in University Hall, Sayles Hall and Wilson Hall.
|
|
A series of published exchanges took place in early 1736. Grundy took the view that making channels narrow and deep was important, since it increased the speed at which the water moved, and therefore its scouring action. Baseslade advocated allowing the maximum volume of water to move up and down a tidal river, and therefore opposed sluices, new cuts and the enclosing of salt marshes. Although the debate continued long after Grundy's death, he again pioneered the use of scientific principles, using works such as Castelli's Mensuration of Running Water to support his case.
|
|
These relied on laser designation to 'illuminate' the target that the shell homed onto. However, in the early 21st Century, the Global Positioning System (GPS) enabled relatively cheap and accurate guidance for shells and missiles, notably the US 155 mm Excalibur and the 227 mm GMLRS rocket. The introduction of these led to a new issue, the need for very accurate three dimensional target coordinates—the mensuration process. Weapons covered by the term 'modern artillery' include "cannon" artillery (such as howitzer, mortar, and field gun) and rocket artillery.
|
|
All are cantus firmus masses, and include a Missa L'homme armé, based on the famous tune, probably composed in the early to mid 1480s. Among his masses is the unusual Missa [Ad fugam], one of only a handful of freely composed canonic masses from the period, including Johannes Ockeghem's Missa prolationum, based entirely on mensuration canons. De Orto's Missa [Ad fugam] may be related another canonic mass in a Vatican manuscript, later named "Missa Ad fugam" and attributed to Josquin by Petrucci. Both masses use strict canon at the fifth between superius and tenor, as well as a head motive in most movements.
|
|
Tate was the author of numerous educational works on mathematics, mechanics, drawing, and natural science, all tending to promote intellectual methods of instruction. His 'Principles of Geometry, Mensuration, Trigonometry, Land Surveying, and Levelling' (London, 1848, 12mo) was translated into: Hindustani. His 'Philosophy of Education' (London, 1854, 8vo) reached a third edition in 1860; it showed Tate's debts to Francis Bacon, John Locke, Johann Pestalozzi and faculty psychology; it is noted for its advocacy of the inductive method. From 1853 to 1855, with Tilliard, he edited the Educational Expositor, a work designed to assist schoolmasters and teachers.
|
|
The interval separating the two voices in each canon grows successively in each consecutive movement, beginning at the unison, proceeding to the second, then the third, and so forth, reaching the octave at the "Osanna" section in the Sanctus. The four voices each sing in a different mensuration. For instance, in the first "Kyrie", the four voices sing in the meters 2/2, 3/2, 6/4, and 9/4 respectively (in modern notation). Thus, the second voice, in 3/2, sings the same tune as the first voice, in 2/2, but half again as slowly, so the voices gradually pull apart.
|
|
Charles Haynes Haswell in his last years, at work at his desk Haswell also had a second career as a published author. His most popular work was The Engineer's and Mechanic's Pocket Book, which was first published in 1843, and by 1907 had gone through 72 editions. It has been described as "Engineering 101 meets Ripley's Believe It or Not."Gillen d'Arcy Wood, "The Man who Knew Too Much", The New York Times, July 24, 2005, Other professional works included: Mechanic's Tables (1856), Mensuration and Practical Geometry (1858), Book-keeping (1871), and an unpublished History of the Steam Boiler and its Appendanges (1887).
|
|
Following Bale, Hanboys is traditionally identified as the author of a (now unknown) volume of music and, more securely, of an important musical treatise Summa super musicam continuam et discretam, a theoretical work on music that discusses the origins of musical notation and mensuration from the thirteenth century and proposes several new methods for recording music. It discusses the differences between the ars antiqua and developing ars nova styles of music and proposes the expansion of the mensural system to a total of eight figures.P. M. Lefferts, ed., Regule, by Johannes Hanboys (University of Nebraska Press, 1991), pp. 38-63.
|
|
Isorhythm is a logical outgrowth of the rhythmic modes that governed most late medieval polyphony. Discarding modal-rhythmic limitations, isorhythm became a significant organizing principle of much of 14th-century French polyphony by extending the talea of an initial section to the entire composition in conjunction with variation of a corresponding color . "The playful complexity of ....[taleae] that mixes mensuration and undergoes diminution by half—became a typical, even a defining feature of motets in the 14th century and beyond" . Structural diagram of the isorhythmic tenor in Johannes Alanus' Sub arturo plebs – Fons citharizantium – In omnem terram.
|
|
The progress report indicates the curriculum: "The first class have read part of Nicholl's Help to the Bible, and have got up the natural, historical and political geography of Greece, and the account of Greek idolatory. They have advanced as far as mensuration of superfices, and are reading fractions in algebra and arithmetic. Some attention has been paid to land surveying. The historical, political and natural geography of Asia has been prepared for examination, and thirteen good maps have been drawn..." In 1851 the school bought a six-acre farm and pupils were taught to raise cotton.
|
|
Aerial photographs of large areas must be corrected to account for curvature.The Effects of Earth's Curvature and Refraction on the Mensuration of Vertical Photographs Many pictures have been taken of the entire Earth by satellites launched by a variety of governments and private organizations. From high orbits, where half the planet can be seen at once, it is plainly spherical. The only way to piece together all the pictures taken of the ground from lower orbits so that all the surface features line up seamlessly and without distortion is to put them on an approximately spherical surface.
|
|
In particular, a note could have the length of either two or three units of the next smaller order, whereas in modern notation these relations are invariably binary. Whether a note was to be read as ternary ("perfect") or binary ("imperfect") was a matter partly of context rules and partly of a system of mensuration signs comparable to modern time signatures. There was also a complex system of temporarily shifting note values by proportion factors like 2:1 or 3:2. Mensural notation used no bar lines, and it sometimes employed special connected note forms (ligatures) inherited from earlier medieval notation.
|
|
Another motet from this same book is a mensuration canon, that most difficult of all contrapuntal forms to carry off. While many composers were reacting to the strictures of the Council of Trent against excessive polyphonic practice, Porta evidently felt unobliged to follow them; perhaps he had sufficient confidence in his skill in conveying the text. His music is as carefully controlled as that of Palestrina, with cautious use of dissonance and chromaticism, while displaying polyphonic virtuosity to a degree uncommon in other composers of sacred music at the end of the 16th century. Some of the later motets use polychoral writing extensively.
|
|
The same occurs between the second pair of voices, in 6/4 and 9/4 respectively. In the score, only one voice was written out for each canon, with the mensuration marks (approximately equivalent to a modern time signature) given alongside, so the singers would understand that they are to sing in those proportions, and thus at different speeds; in addition, the intervals between the voices are given in the score by the positions of the C clefs. What has so astonished musicians and listeners from Ockeghem's age to the present day is that he was able to accomplish this extraordinarily difficult feat.Atlas, p.
|
|
While he taught during the day at Stotes Hall, which overlooked Jesmond Dene, he studied mathematics in the evening at a school in Newcastle. In 1760 he married, and began teaching on a larger scale in Newcastle, where his pupils included John Scott, later Lord Eldon, who became Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain. In 1764 Hutton published his first work, The Schoolmasters Guide, or a Complete System of Practical Arithmetic, which was followed by his Treatise on Mensuration both in Theory and Practice in 1770. At around this time he was employed by the mayor and corporation of Newcastle to make a survey of the town and its environs.
|
|
In 1532 he published further text books Leges scholasticae and Musicae stoicheiosis. Heyden's De arte canendi, its third and final edition completed in Nuremberg in 1540, is said to have "had a greater impact on modern scholarship than any other writing on mensuration and tactus from the 15th or 16th century." A collection of secular songs, it has been described as a "treatise on singing technique aimed at the growing number of amateur musicians who wished to improve their skills." The first installment was produced in 1532 in 26 pages, the second in 1537 grew to 115 pages and the third in 1540 to 163 pages.
|
|
The English Department instructed the third grade and offered studies in geography and English; and the second grade was also taught by the English Department with courses in history and natural philosophy. First grade, the school's highest, was instructed by the Classical and Mathematical Department and offered studies in Greek, Latin, French, geometry, algebra, trigonometry, surveying, mensuration, navigation, astronomy, and bookkeeping. According to an advertisement for a female teacher in the Baltimore Sun on November 9, 1853, William C. Clayton was serving as the institute's principal by late 1853. Clayton stated in the advertisement that the institute was seeking an experienced female teacher to lead the school's Female Department.
|
|
The Orchestra frequently plays music by living composers, and has collaborated with several composers to commission new works. It was announced at the end of their 2012-2013 season that William P. Perry would have one of his works premiered by the Orchestra at the Corning Museum of Glass in its 2013-2014 season. The composed piece was his Market Street Overture, which was premiered on May 10, 2014 at the Corning Museum of Glass, inspired by Market Street in Corning. The Youth Orchestra performed music composed by an alumnus of the Youth Orchestra during their 2016-2017 season, playing Jeffrey Zane Hansen's percussion ensemble piece Mensuration Canon and premiering and commissioning his orchestral work Sonderous Crossroads.
|
|
A strong influence on Josquin des Prez and the subsequent generation of Netherlanders, Ockeghem was famous throughout Europe for his expressive music, though he was equally renowned for his technical prowess. Two of the most famous contrapuntal achievements of the 15th century include his Missa prolationum, which consists entirely of mensuration canons, and the Missa cuiusvis toni, designed to be performed in any of the different modes, but even these technique-oriented pieces demonstrate his uniquely expressive use of vocal ranges and tonal language.Brown & Stein, p69. Ockeghem's use of wide-ranging and rhythmically active bass lines sets him apart from many of the other composers in the Netherlandish Schools, and may be because this was his voice range.
|
|
The motet 'Sub Arturo plebs' attributed to Johannes Alanus and dated to the mid or late fourteenth century, includes a list of Latinised names of musicians from the English court that shows the flourishing of court music, the importance of royal patronage in this era and the growing influence of the ars nova.M. Bent, ed., Two Fourteenth-Century Motets in Praise of Music (Lustleigh: Antico, 1986). Included in the list is J. de Alto Bosco, who has been identified with the composer and theorist John Hanboys, author of Summa super musicam continuam et discretam, a work that discusses the origins of musical notation and mensuration from the thirteenth century and proposed several new methods for recording music.
|
|
By the close of the American Revolution there rose a need for practical knowledge in the applied sciences, outside of the public schools which only taught reading writing, latin and basic math. In June of 1787, Carleton launched his career in lecturing, and by August 1, 1787 the Boston Board of Selectmen approved his application to open a school, teaching surveying, gauging, mensuration, algebra, geometry, geography, astronomy, dialling, navigation, gunnery, architecture. An advertisement for his school can be found in the Peter Short 1791 ciphering book found in the Phillips Library at the Peabody Essex Museum (PEM). A surviving example of one of his teaching texts can be found at the Boston Athenaeum, Compendium of Practical Arithmetic.
|
|
The duration of the planetary revolutions during a mahayuga is given as 4.32 million years. 2\. Ganitapada (33 verses): covering mensuration (kṣetra vyāvahāra); arithmetic and geometric progressions; gnomon/shadows (shanku- chhAyA); and simple, quadratic, simultaneous, and indeterminate equations (Kuṭṭaka). 3\. Kalakriyapada (25 verses): different units of time and a method for determining the positions of planets for a given day, calculations concerning the intercalary month (adhikamAsa), kShaya-tithis, and a seven-day week with names for the days of week. 4\. Golapada (50 verses): Geometric/trigonometric aspects of the celestial sphere, features of the ecliptic, celestial equator, node, shape of the earth, cause of day and night, rising of zodiacal signs on horizon, etc.
|
|
When he was 16, and still serving as an apprentice, Wightman made use of the Mechanic Apprentices' Library borrowing books on Mathematics and other subjects, so that he could study at night after his working hours. Through his use of the library, Wightman acquired a working knowledge of mensuration, chemistry and electrical engineering. Wightman was able to benefit from these educational pursuits because one of his employers, Timothy Claxton, was an early innovator and supporter in providing educational opportunities for the working class. Codman and Claxton's partnership lasted for only three years, after which time Timothy Claxton went into business for himself for three and a quarter years, after which he went into business with Wightman.
|
|
Additionally, the data-processing light source had been changed from a mercury lamp to a laser. Image data courtesy of University of Michigan and Natural Resources Canada. Even the resolution stage had over- taxed the ability of cathode-ray tubes (limited to about 2000 distinguishable items across the screen diameter) to deliver fine enough details to signal films while still covering wide range swaths, and taxed the optical processing systems in similar ways. However, at about the same time, digital computers finally became capable of doing the processing without similar limitation, and the consequent presentation of the images on cathode ray tube monitors instead of film allowed for better control over tonal reproduction and for more convenient image mensuration.
|
|
Andrealphus > also appears as the 65th demon in the Goetia where he is described with > similar traits, but also including the ability to make men subtle in all > things pertaining to Mensuration, among other things. # Kimaris (also known > by the alternate names Cimeies, Cimejes and Cimeries) is most widely known > as the 66th demon of the first part of the Lemegeton (popularly known as the > Ars Goetia). He is described as a warrior riding a goodly black horse, and > possesses the abilities of locating lost or hidden treasures, teaching > trivium (grammar, logic and rhetoric) and making a man into a warrior of his > own likeness. He holds the rank of marquis, and is served by 20 legions.
|
|
They are significant in that they contain the first instance of trigonometric relations based on the half-chord, as is the case in modern trigonometry, rather than the full chord, as was the case in Ptolemaic trigonometry. Through a series of translation errors, the words "sine" and "cosine" derive from the Sanskrit "jiya" and "kojiya". sine rule in Yuktibhāṣā Around 500 AD, Aryabhata wrote the Aryabhatiya, a slim volume, written in verse, intended to supplement the rules of calculation used in astronomy and mathematical mensuration, though with no feeling for logic or deductive methodology. Though about half of the entries are wrong, it is in the Aryabhatiya that the decimal place-value system first appears.
|
|
Domarto's two mass settings, the Missa Spiritus almus and a Missa sine nomine, were famous at the time. The latter of the two may have been one of the earliest cyclic masses composed on the continent, most likely in the 1440s, and imitates some features of contemporary English composers such as Leonel Power. The Missa Spiritus almus, likely dating from the 1450s, is a cantus-firmus mass, with the melody always in the tenor, but with a changing rhythmic profile as it changes mensuration throughout the piece. The procedure was evidently influential on the next generation of composers, for it was still being copied in the 1480s, and Busnois may have based one of his own masses on the same method (the Missa O crux lignum).
|
|
This interlocked pair of tenor parts is stated four times, following a diminution scheme in which the identical notation is interpreted under four different mensuration signs, first in tempus perfectum in integer valor (each longa transcribed as a 6/2 bar), then in tempus imperfectum in integer valor (transcribed as 4/2), then in tempus imperfectum diminutum (4/4), and finally in tempus perfectum diminutum (6/4), resulting in total length proportions of 6:4:2:3. This is unusual for isorhythmic motets, in which the sections normally become progressively shorter, but this proportional structure achieves its own equally effective balance. Moreover, the final isorhythmic section provides the usual drive to an accelerated finish by giving the upper voices the shortest note values in the piece.
|
|
Robertson published his first book Completed Treatise on Mensuration in 1739 and was subsequently elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1741. In 1747 he published the first edition of A Treatise of Such Mathematical Instruments as are Usually put into a Portable Case, which went through four editions in the coming 30 years and became a text book at the Royal Mathematical School and the Royal Navy Academy. Since the opening of the Royal Mathematical School its masters wrote high quality mathematical textbooks. In this tradition Robertson wrote the two volume book The Elements of Navigation Containing the Theory and Practice, with the Necessary Tables and Compendiums for Finding the Latitude and Longitude as Sea, to which is Added a Treatise on Marine Fortification.
|
|
Gharā'ib al-funūn wa-mulah al-`uyūn (The Book of Curiosities of the Sciences and Marvels for the Eyes), 2.1 "On the mensuration of the Earth and its division into seven climes, as related by Ptolemy and others," (ff. 22b–23a) Another estimate given by his astronomers was 56 Arabic miles (111.8 km) per degree, which corresponds to a circumference of 40,248 km, very close to the currently modern values of 111.3 km per degree and 40,068 km circumference, respectively.Edward S. Kennedy, Mathematical Geography, pp=187–8, in ;Ibn Hazm Andalusian polymath Ibn Hazm stated that the proof of the Earth's sphericity "is that the Sun is always vertical to a particular spot on Earth"."How Islamic inventors changed the world".
|
|
The Forestry Authority was a government research agency and a former branch of the non-ministerial government department the Forestry Commission of England and Scotland. It was responsible for the administration and payment of grants for approved planting and restocking schemes throughout England and Scotland, for controlling functions such as felling, for forestry research and for providing advice to private woodland owners along with local authorities and countryside groups. The research of the Forestry Authority covered a wide range of topics, such as: administration; communications; entomology; environmental research; forest products; mensuration; overseas contracts; pathology; physiology; plant production; silviculture; site studies; statistics and computing; tree improvement; and wildlife and conservation. The Forestry Authority was based at Great Eastern House, Cambridge, England.
|
|
Fuller took an intuitive approach to his studies, often going into exhaustive empirical detail while at the same time seeking to cast his findings in their most general philosophical context. For example, his sphere packing studies led him to generalize a formula for polyhedral numbers: 2 P F2 \+ 2, where F stands for "frequency" (the number of intervals between balls along an edge) and P for a product of low order primes (some integer). He then related the "multiplicative 2" and "additive 2" in this formula to the convex versus concave aspects of shapes, and to their polar spinnability respectively. These same polyhedra, developed through sphere packing and related by tetrahedral mensuration, he then spun around their various poles to form great circle networks and corresponding triangular tiles on the surface of a sphere.
|
|
The historic district of the New Town was formed at the turn of the 14th century as an independent city. The official recognition of the New Town occurred in 1408, when it was separated from the Old Town by an act issued by Janusz I the Old, Duke of Masovia. At that time the new city encompassed the territory of the New Town Market Square and streets - Freta, Kościelna, Koźla, Przyrynek, Stara and Zakroczymska. It was independent from the Old Town authorities and had its own vogt, council and a town hall. In 1411 the Parish Church of St. Mary was erected, and according to the 1546 mensuration there were 204 estates in the Warsaw New Town. The largest investment of that time was the Sigismund Augustus bridge built between 1568-1573 by Erazm Cziotko (c. long).
|
|
Around 830 AD, Caliph Al-Ma'mun commissioned a group of Muslim astronomers and Muslim geographers to measure the distance from Tadmur (Palmyra) to Raqqa, in modern Syria. They found the cities to be separated by one degree of latitude and the meridian arc distance between them to be 66⅔ miles and thus calculated the Earth's circumference to be 24,000 miles.Gharā'ib al-funūn wa-mulah al-`uyūn (The Book of Curiosities of the Sciences and Marvels for the Eyes), 2.1 "On the mensuration of the Earth and its division into seven climes, as related by Ptolemy and others," (ff. 22b-23a) Another estimate given by his astronomers was 56⅔ Arabic miles (111.8 km per degree), which corresponds to a circumference of 40,248 km, very close to the current values of 111.3 km per degree and 40,068 km circumference, respectively.
|
|
While she has published on a variety of topics within music scholarship, Busse Berger is best known as a scholar of medieval music and notation. Her first book, Mensuration and Proportion Signs: Origins and Evolution, examines mensural notation and relates this system to other measuring systems of the period, in particular the Roman system of fractions. Her second book on Medieval Music and the Art of Memory is the first detailed study of music and memory in the Middle Ages. In this book Busse Berger examines the relationship between oral and written music traditions in the earliest stages of written notation, and in the words of one reviewer, her primary argument is that "the act of composing [during the Middle Ages] entailed the process of gathering and redistributing materials stocked in one's memory," in the context of particular medieval ideas about how memory worked.
|
|
In some cases the cantus firmus appeared also in voices other than then tenor, with increasing freedom as the century reached its close. Secular chansons became the favored source for cantus firmi by the time of Ockeghem and his generation (the last third of the 15th century), and composers began writing their own; for example Ockeghem's Missa au travail suis is based on his own chanson of that name. Ockeghem was a particularly experimental composer, writing probably the first example of a mass organized entirely by canon: the Missa prolationum. Instead of being based on a fixed cantus firmus, each movement is a mensuration canon, with the interval of imitation expanding from the unison to the octave during the course of the mass (Leeman Perkins called this "the most extraordinary contrapuntal achievement of the 15th century", and compared it in scope and execution with the Goldberg Variations of J.S. Bach).
|
|
But it is undoubtedly also true that a Greek geometer versed in the fourteen theorems of Euclid's "algebra" was far more adept in applying these theorems to practical mensuration than is an experienced geometer of today. Ancient geometric "algebra" was not an ideal tool, but it was far from ineffective. Euclid's statement (Proposition 4), "If a straight line be cut at random, the square on the whole is equal to the squares on the segments and twice the rectangle contained by the segments, is a verbose way of saying that (a + b)^2 = a^2 + 2ab + b^2," Many basic laws of addition and multiplication are included or proved geometrically in the Elements. For instance, proposition 1 of Book II states: :If there be two straight lines, and one of them be cut into any number of segments whatever, the rectangle contained by the two straight lines is equal to the rectangles contained by the uncut straight line and each of the segments.
|
|
Then they prayed Lord Narasimha Swamy as per advice of their Guru ji Shri Kodandarama Swamy and decided to build a small water sump on the deva moola of the temple premises, but for surprise they found water gushing at 7 feet level and till today the water has been utilized by the entire villagers as there was no water there. Swayambu of Sudarshana Chakra There were many instances of miracles happening including a big serpent guarding the temple premises every day where it will not allow any ladies entering the temple during their mensuration periods . Also, 32 elephants came to the temple and destroyed an illegal compound of the neighbor who produced disturbances to the temple trustees where you can see the compound wall now is also a miracle as they have never seen elephants in that area. Currently a portion of the land where swamy is situated has been donated to Ahobila Mutt and still it is under the control of the mutt where they decided to build the temple shortly .
|
|
Macaulay's work was posthumously collated, edited and published in 2006 by Vivian T. Linacre, a Perth based surveyor who is president of the British Weights and Measures Association (an advocacy group for Imperial units and Richard A. Batchelor, an honorary Research Fellow at the University of St Andrews, geologist and investigator into the geometry of Fife. The book contains a critical re-assessment of the geometry used in over one hundred and eighty of the stone circles surveyed by Alexander Thom (who surveyed over two hundred) along with their mensuration using the megalithic yard and the megalithic rod. From Professor Fernie's 1981 studies of the Metrological Relief in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford (which Macaulay gives by its previous name The Arundel Stone) she claimed a similarity between the Greek Fathom and the megalithic rod of 2.072 m. She also suggested that many of the megaliths had been designed using a "third yardstick" length of one Greek Foot, depicted on the Metrological relief at 0.296 m, or one seventh of a megalithic rod.
|
|
Vitry took this a step further by indicating the proper division of a given piece at the beginning through the use of a "mensuration sign", equivalent to our modern "time signature". Tempus perfectum was indicated by a circle, while tempus imperfectum was denoted by a half-circle (the current symbol , used as an alternative for the time signature, is actually a holdover of this symbol, not a letter C as an abbreviation for "common time", as popularly believed). While many of these innovations are ascribed to Vitry, and somewhat present in the Ars Nova treatise, it was a contemporary—and personal acquaintance—of de Vitry, named Johannes de Muris (Jehan des Mars) who offered the most comprehensive and systematic treatment of the new mensural innovations of the Ars Nova (for a brief explanation of the mensural notation in general, see the article Renaissance music). Many scholars, citing a lack of positive attributory evidence, now consider "Vitry's" treatise to be anonymous, but this does not diminish its importance for the history of rhythmic notation.
|
|