Melioration theory in psychology is a theoretical algorithm that predicts the matching law.Vaughan and Herrnstein (1980) Melioration theory is used as an explanation for why an organism makes choices based on the rewards or reinforcers it receives. The principle of melioration states that animals will invest increasing amounts of time and/or effort into whichever alternative is better. To meliorate essentially means to "make better".
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Melioration is capable of accounting for behavior on both concurrent ratio and concurrent interval schedules. Melioration Equation R1/B1 = R2/B2 If this ratio is not equal, the animal will shift its behavior to the alternative that currently has the higher response ratio. When the ratio is equal, the "cost" of each reinforcer is the same for both alternatives. Melioration theory grew out of an impersonal anonymous interest in how the matching law comes to hold on.
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As the soils are mostly of podsolic and grey forest types, melioration and fertilizing are often employed to improve the crop yields.
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Some palatable species of Bassia with high protein content are valuable components of rangelands, sometimes seeded for the melioration of overgrazed rangelands.
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In the first years of establishment there were only two faculties, Hydro Melioration and Mechanization. After World War II, the agricultural industry of the country increased rapidly, which affected the need for professional employees. After World War II, a number of faculties were created: Building (1945), Mechanization of Hydro Melioration (1946), and Hydro Energetics (1946). In 1974 a new faculty was named Technology of Repairing Agricultural Industry Machines and Creating Them.
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An important function of the channel was also melioration, especially east of Vrbas, as much of the wide, marshy terrain around the banks of the canal was drained and turned into fertile soil.
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Mazur, James E. Learning and Behavior (6th ed.) Upper Saddle River NJ: 2006 p. 332-335 Melioration theory accounts for many of the choices that organisms make when presented with two variable interval schedules. Melioration is a form of matching where the subject is constantly shifting its behavior from the poorer reinforcement schedule to the richer reinforcement schedule, until it is spending most of its time at the richest variable interval schedule. By matching, the subject is equalizing the price of the reinforcer they are working for.
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When melioration program began in 1966, it was projected that it will become navigable from Kruševac to Čačak. In the central section of the flow, the special nature reserve Osredak was established in February 2020, and placed under the state protection.
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In 1916 Mykhailyk graduated the Jurist faculty (predecessor of the Kharkiv Law Institute) of the Kharkiv University. After school in 1916–1917 he served in the Russian Imperial Army. In 1918 Mykhailyk worked in the Ministry of Land Melioration of the Ukrainian State.
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When a term begins as pejorative and eventually is adopted in a non-pejorative sense, this is called "melioration" in historical linguistics. It may also be called amelioration, reclaiming, or semantic change. An example is queer, which was reclaimed by activists and academics starting in the early 1990s.
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The settlement was established after World War II as a part of the massive melioration in Pančevački Rit. It was named after Viktor Verbovsky, the commander of the company of Russian soldiers which defended the area in the beginning of World War II, and all of them were killed by the Nazi forces.
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They has been keeping in touch with Abdikarimov. Later, Abdikarimov graduated from the Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Melioration and worked in southern Kazakhstan as a farmer engineer. For many years he has been looking after the graves of Poles who died in Kazakhstan. In appreciation of his effort, in 2019, Abdikarimov was awarded with Virtus et Fraternitas Medal.
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Ivan Vasilyevich Novopokrovskiy was born on 7 December 1880 in Mikhaylov (present- day Ryazan Oblast). In 1904 he graduated from the Natural Department of the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow University. In 1920—1931 he was a Professor in Novocherkassk Institute of Agriculture and Melioration. Until 1934 he was a Professor at Krasnodar Agricultural Institute.
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In total, about 4,000 people passed through the camp. The prisoners worked mostly in melioration of the surrounding meadows. Around 170 people died as a result of harsh working conditions, and another about 70 were executed by the Nazis. The camp was disbanded in 1943 and its prisoners taken to the nearby Sobibor extermination camp, where they were murdered.
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There were 21 families (95 people) living there more than 60 years ago. After the melioration, most of the people moved out because their houses were torn down. There is almost no youth in Avilčiai so the school was closed down. A ritual stone with a hole that looks like a man's foot is located near the village.
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The settlement originated after 1947 when mass melioration works began in the marsh of Pančevački Rit, in the extreme northern part of which Dunavac is located. It is a small, slightly depopulating settlement with a population of 618 by the 1991 census and 603 by the 2002 census. Population is made mostly of Serbs (91.87% in 2002).
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The healing mud is also used by the visitors. The surrounding canal, used for the melioration of the Pančevački Rit, overflew into the pond, but in 2011 an earthen embankment was constructed which prevented the mixing of waters. Also, the pond was enlarged, cleaned and its bottom was dredged. Surrounding area of was poured with the gravel.
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The Antoniuk mill settlement boundaries also included the area of today's Technical School of Water Melioration, where originally a mill with associated buildings owned by Antoniuk was located. The Wysokostockie hill was connected with the high elevation of the area, called Łysa Góra. In the years 1960 - 1965 construction of housing estates in the areas newly connected to the city began.
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The field is represented by the Society for Quantitative Analysis of Behavior. Quantitative analysis of behavior addresses the following topics among others: behavioral economics, behavioral momentum, connectionist systems or neural networks, integration, hyperbolic discounting including the delay reduction hypothesis, foraging, hunting, errorless learning, creativity, learning, and the Rescorla-Wagner model, matching law, melioration, scalar expectancy, signal detection, neural hysteresis, and reinforcement control.
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In accordance with the order of the Cabinet of Ministers in 2007, the Azerbaijan Melioration and Water Management Company of the Republic of Azerbaijan initiated the repair of the Zogalavanchay Reservoir. In 2012, the tank was renovated in accordance with modern requirements. The height of the dam is 26 m, the length is 560 m, the total water tank is 3.8 million m³.
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The project was approved by the expert council of the Ministry of Electrification and Melioration, and it was planned that the reservoir had a working volume of 520 million m3 and a reserve volume of 60 million m3. The preparative works began in 1949, the main construction was carried out in the end of 1950, the water power system being officially opened on 6 September 1954.
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The village was founded in 1868, and it is the youngest settlement of this administrative area. It was first settled by Banat Bulgarians (Paulicians), and fifteen years later by Germans and Hungarian (Székelys of Bukovina). Ivanovo is founded in connection with the communal works which were planned for the area. They included the vast melioration, mostly draining of the floodplains in order to obtain arable land.
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The estate was divided onto individual plots, while the manor itself housed a school and then an orphanage. The manor was badly damaged during World War II, but was rebuilt between 1962-1975. Currently it houses the Lithuanian Institute of Melioration (Lietuvos žemes úkio inžinierijos institutas), as well as a small museum devoted to both the Tyszkiewicz family and Lithuanian composer Juozas Naujalis born in the nearby village.
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Right into the 1980s and 1990s, however, there was continued destruction of the moor. Major 'melioration' measures such as draining, deep ploughing (Tiefumbruch) and river regulation were supposed to increase the productivity of agriculture and even enabled arable farming. Intensive farming methods were used to grow maize as an animal feedstuff. These measures had been supported since the middle of the 20th century by various national and European subsidy programmes.
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Students' town was first established in 1987 under the Tashkent Irrigation and Mechanization of Agricultural industry Engineers Institute. From 2004 it is considered to be the students' town of the Tashkent Irrigation and Melioration Institute. Students' town consists of three students' dormitories numbered as 2, 3, and 4, and with buildings numbered 6 and 7 for the university staff. The director of the students' town is Bozorov Baxtiyor Xakimovich.
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Isgender Aznaurov was born on 16 August 1956 in the village of Galaosiyo of Bukhara Province of Uzbekistan. From 1963 through 1973, he went to a secondary school. After completing his military service in Cherkessk, Ukraine, Aznaurov was admitted to the Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Melioration in 1978 from which he graduated in 1983. Following his graduation, Aznaurov started to work in the Ahangaran District of the Tashkent Province.
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Azerbaijan Amelioration and Water Company consists of following departments: The Department of Irrigation Systems' Operation; Department of Melioration, Water Resources and Water Consumer Associations; Department of Mechanization, Industrialization and "Melioservice"; Department of Science, Design, Construction and External Relations; Department of Economics, Finance and Internal Audit; Department of work and economic affairs with documents, applications of citizens; Information, management system development sector; Human Resources department; Supply Sector department; Water Reservoir and Hydraulic Maintenance Sector department.
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Bishop Ivasyuk was born in a family of clandestine Greek-Catholics in the Western Ukraine. He joined a clandestine theological seminary, while studying in the Melioration Institute in Rivne. He was ordained as a priest on August 16, 1989, and worked as pastor among the faithful of the "Catacomb Church". Then Fr. Ivasyuk continued his theological studies in the Theological Seminary in Ternopil and in the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome, obtaining a licentiate degree in dogmatic theology.
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Born on Kaunas, Aksomaitis and his family were exiled to Barnaul, Russia, soon after the Soviet occupation of Lithuania during World War II. He was brought back to Lithuania by the International Red Cross in September 1946. After graduating from a secondary school in Kaunas, he studied hydropower engineering at the Lithuanian University of Agriculture. After graduation, he was appointed to the Hydrotechnics and Melioration Research Institute in Kėdainiai. As a scientist, he wrote over 100 academic articles and co-authored four books.
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In 1921-1926, Ukrainian underground University with Forestry (later on Forestry-Agrarian) Faculty within its structure operated in Lviv. Period of German occupation In 1941-1944 only professional forestry courses on the basis of Lviv Polytechnic University functioned. Period of the USSR On 15 January 1945, a Resolution of the USSR Government concerning foundation of Lviv Forestry Institute was adopted. On 6 November 1954, Forestry-Melioration Faculty of Lviv Agrarian Institute was joined with Forestry Faculty of the Forestry University.
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Since the time of the Sumer, agriculture in Mesopotamia involved major melioration, including drainage and building of irrigation canals. After the collapse of the Mesopotamian civilization and the Arab conquest the territory was derelict, which resulted in the restoration of the original wetland conditions. The wetlands were gradually populated by the Marsh Arabs, or Ma'dan, who grew rice and grazed buffalo on the natural vegetation. At times, the marshes have also served as a refuge for escaped slaves and serfs, such as during the Zanj Rebellion.
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Also prominent in East Frisia's history is its centuries old struggle against flooding by the North Sea. Man began to settle in the lowlands on the coast around the year 1000 A.D., laying out warfts and dykes as protection against flooding. However, the land was repeatedly devastated by storm surges that led to the dykes being breached, widespread flooding and loss of land. Advances in agriculture may be seen in the improved melioration of marshland and the systematic reclamation of the bogs (from 1633).
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The topography of the land has changed drastically in the past centuries. During the Middle Ages the village was along the swampy, winding river. Following the Linth river control project in 1807-23 and the Melioration project of 1941-64, the village is now surrounded by rich farmland. It consists of the linear village of Benken along the Linth and the hamlets of Giessen, Sand, Rötli, Dorf, Räbli, Halden, Starrberg, Unterhalden, Schmittenäcker, Schmitten as well as scattered farmhouses in the valley and on the Büchel hill.
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Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers, former Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Melioration (TIIM) () or TIIAME is a unique university in Central Asia, which works for the development of the water industry, and supplies the country with professionals in this field. Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers plays a huge role in the development of Uzbekistan economy and industry. Every year, talented students graduate from this university. Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers is located in the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent city, Kari Niyozov street, 39-house.
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The history of this university could be recognized by the second occasion. After six years of opening the Hydro Technical Engineering department, government decided to establish a new department under the Melioration Engineering Faculty. Those two departments were linked together in 1929, which led to the establishment of Central Asian Cotton Irrigation Polytechnic University. On 11 November 1934, Central Asian Cotton Irrigation Polytechnic University was merged with the Central Asian Institute of Agricultural Industry Irrigation and Mechanization, which was the reason for the creation of Tashkent Institute of Agricultural Industry Irrigation and Mechanization.
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In 1979 a number of engineering faculties were opened, which was directly linked to the economic growth in Uzbekistan. After the independence of Uzbekistan, all the textbooks were interpreted into Uzbek language, and most of the classes started to be taught in the native language of Uzbekistan. In 2004, on 30 March by the edict of the Cabinet of Ministers of Uzbekistan, the institute obtained its current name. This meant that Tashkent Institute of Agricultural Industry Irrigation and Mechanization was renamed to Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Melioration.
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The Society for the Quantitative Analyses of Behavior was founded in 1978 by Michael Lamport Commons and John Anthony Nevin. The first president was Richard J. Herrnstein. In the beginning it was called the Harvard Symposium on Quantitative Analysis of Behavior (HSQAB). This society meets once a year to discuss various topic in quantitative analysis of behavior including: behavioral economics, behavioral momentum, Connectionist systems or neural networks, hyperbolic discounting, foraging, errorless learning, learning and the Rescorla-Wagner model, matching law, Melioration, scalar expectancy, signal detection and stimulus control, connectionism or Neural Networks.
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Dr. Camara was born in 1960 in a small town of Molah, Guinea to a working class family. After completing his bachelor's degree, he was chosen among the top ten students in the country to continue his studies in Europe. Dr. Camara received a Masters in Hydro-Technical Engineering from Belorussian Polytechnic Institute and went on to complete his Ph.D. in Hydro-Technical Engineering and Melioration at the Institute of Research Sciences in Minsk, Belarus. Upon immigration to the United States in 1960, Dr. Camara earned degrees in Computer programming and Web design.
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The Great Morava begins at the confluence of the South Morava and the West Morava, located near the village of Stalać, a major railway junction in Central Serbia. From there to its confluence with the Danube northeast of the city of Smederevo, the Velika Morava is 185 km long. With its longer branch, the West Morava, it is 493 km long. The South Morava, which represents the natural headwaters of the Morava, used to be longer than the West Morava, but due to the regulations of river bed and melioration, it is shorter nowadays.
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Taking and keeping control of long distance trade from Venice necessitated new means and measures of checking and controlling. The "commercial revolution" with its new cultural, organisational forms, not to forget with its new ways of living, lead to a never before seen predominance of economy, especially as the economically leading clans were at the same time incorporated in the vehicles of political power. Economic success attracted - as ever - thousands of people, amongst them many artisans with capabilities of utmost importance. With refining and melioration, new products could develop.
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The settlement originates from the late 1940s when melioration of Pančevački Rit began. The settlement became important immediately, being in the center of the area which was turned from marshy floodplain into a very fertile arable land for the PKB company. While other parts of the country lacked many communal and modern infrastructure, Padinska Skela soon had elementary school, kindergarten, sports clubs, ambulance and cinema. During the period of colonization („The 8th offensive“), it was mostly populated with the settlers from the South Serbia (Vranje, Surdulica), Bosnian Krajina and, to the lesser extent, from the Raška.
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Such fish species as herring are fished in the Caspian Sea. Due to the construction of a number of hydrotechnical plants on the Kura river after 1959, the regulation of the river water flow, as well as the Caspian water pollution led to the significant reduction in the number of valuable fish species. Three hatcheries (Kuragzi, Alibayramli and Kur experimental sturgeon hatchery) for melioration and fish-farming purposes were launched to restore the fish reserves and to increase the number of fish in species. Azerbaijan's fish-farming establishments and hatcheries account for breeding of 20 million sturgeons, 600 thousand salmons, over 800 thousand.
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Molecular behaviorists use notions from melioration theory, negative power function discounting or additive versions of negative power function discounting. Molar behaviorists, such as Howard Rachlin, Richard Herrnstein, and William Baum, argue that behavior cannot be understood by focusing on events in the moment. That is, they argue that behavior is best understood as the ultimate product of an organism's history and that molecular behaviorists are committing a fallacy by inventing fictitious proximal causes for behavior. Molar behaviorists argue that standard molecular constructs, such as "associative strength", are better replaced by molar variables such as rate of reinforcement.
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Whereas the area of the lake used to be clean, the pollution level is gradually increasing, especially in the northwestern and northern parts which contain the industrial facilities of Petrozavodsk, Kondopoga and Medvezhyegorsk. About 80% of the population and more than 90% of industry of the basin are concentrated in these areas. The pollution from these three cities amount to about of sewage and drainage water and of emissions per year. Human activity results in about of drain water per year, of which 46% are industrial and household water, 25% is stormwater runoff and 16% is melioration-related drainage.
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As almost all of the settlements in the Pančevački Rit, it was developed after 1947 for housing workers employed in the melioration and later those who became workers of the PKB agricultural company, so even today Glogonjski Rit is surrounded by the PKB plantations. Originally, it grew fast and was nicely arranged and kept. Streets were paved with avenues of plane trees, the settlement had a park, an ambulance and a school. It looked so nice that Yugoslav president Josip Broz Tito took foreign guests to visit Glogonjski Rit, including presidents of Algeria, China and Egypt.
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The Amelioration Act 1798Leeward Islands Act No. 36, vol. 1., The Laws of the Island of Antigua Consisting of the Acts of the Leeward Islands, 1690–1798, and Acts of Antigua, 1668–1845 (London: Samuel Bagster, 1805–46) (sometimes referred to as the Melioration Act or the Slavery Amelioration Act) was a statute passed by the Leeward Islands to improve the conditions of slaves in the British Caribbean colonies. It introduced financial compensation for slaves, and therefore penalties for owners, for instances of cruelty or serious neglect. The Act prohibited marriages between slaves according to Christian religious ceremony.
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Eter Astemirova (; born 1943), is a Georgian engineer and politician, who served as the Minister of Refugees and Accommodation in the cabinet of Zurab Zhvania from 2003 until 2005.Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governmentsთბილისის მთავრობის მიერ მომზადებულ ბიუჯეტს ოპოზიციური პარტიები აკრიტიკებენ Born in a northern town, Astemirova studied at the Hydrometeorological Institute of Leningrad, specializing in terrestrial hydrology, while her family moved to Grozny and she started working in the Checheno-Ingush Autonomous SSR Melioration Ministry. She graduated in 1976. From 1977 to 1978 she worked as an engineer at the Calgary Construction Research Institute.
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The settlement is not classified as a separate one but, like the nearby Glogonjski Rit, as a sub-settlement of the 13 kilometers away Padinska Skela to the west, even though the three settlements make no continuous built-up area. The settlement was named after the nearby village of Jabuka in Opovo municipality in Vojvodina and means Jabuka's marsh. As almost all of the settlements in the Pančevački Rit it developed after 1947 for housing workers employed in the melioration and later those who became workers of the PKB agricultural company. Area is popular as a birdwatch post, especially for the great white egret which is believed to still be present in that area, but not being confirmed yet.
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It was only with the Congress of Vienna in 1815 that the northern part of the Saxon spa district, to which Brück and Belzig had belonged, finally fell to Prussia. Neuendorf has always been agricultural. With the extensive melioration measures under Frederick the Great in the Baruther Urstromtal, the Neuendorfer farmers started to gain wealth; they had previously had to lay their fields on the sandy, dry, and rather barren land of the Zauche, and from the middle of the eighteenth century onwards they had been able to shift their cultivated lands into the overgrown and fertile valley. Remains of the formerly extensive Erlenbruch forest between Neuendorf, Stromtal, and Bundesautobahn 9, along with a variety of drainage channels, remind today of the swampy lowland.
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Unfortunately, hydrological and geological conditions in Chernobyl area promoted rapid radionuclide migration to subsurface water network. These factors include flat terrain, abundant precipitation and highly permeable sandy sediments Main natural factors of nuclides migration in the region can be divided into four groups, including: weather and climate-related (evaporation and precipitation frequency, intensity and distribution); geological (sediment permeability, drainage regimes, forms of vegetation); soil-borne (physical, hydrological and mechanical properties of lands); and lithological (terrain structures and types of rock). In meliorated areas migration processes are additionally influenced by anthropogenic drivers related to human agricultural activities. In this relation, specific parameters and type of drainage regime, melioration practices, water control and sprinkling can substantially accelerate natural tempos of migration of contaminants.
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The Ministry of Agriculture, Food Industry and Melioration of the Kyrgyz Republic is a ministry that is in charge of the agrarian and food situation of the Kyrgyz Republic. The ministry has its roots from the Soviet Union's Ministry of Agriculture and Food and Ministry of Food Industry, although both ministries did not directly preceded the current ministry. The vast majority of the economy in rural Kyrgyz Republic is agricultural based, which includes crops cultivation and animal husbandry, thus the ministry is essential in ensuring sustained agricultural outputs and improved standards of living of citizens in these areas. The agriculture industry also contributes to approximately 15% of the republic's GDP, thus the policies implemented by the ministry also has large implications on the economy of the country.
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International House in Tashkent is one of the two lyceums which were established under the name of Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers. However, the lyceum first was opened as the education center in 1993, in order to inherit educational processes and techniques from the developed countries of the United Kingdom and the US. The lyceum was located in the center of the Tashkent city, and it is easy to find its location, by the metro station Hamid Olimjon. In 2007 by the edict of Islam Karimov, the simple education center was fully set to be the academic lyceum, and was given under the Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Melioration. In 2009, for making the academic lyceum fully standard with the world's requirements, reconstruction works were established.
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Irina Belotelkin, née Roudakoff, was born in Elisavetgrad, Ukraine (alternatively: Yelisavetgrad, now Kropyvnytskyi) to the Russian noblesse ancienne as recorded in the imperial registers of Tver. A morganatic descendant of Catherine the Great, she was a student at the Mariinsky Noble Ladies' Institute,Today, the Mariinsky Noble Ladies' Institute building is the main building of Melioration Engineering Academy Novocherkassk, Russia (former capital of the Don Cossacks). She was orphaned at the time of the Russian Civil War after her father, General Paul Roudakoff, was fatally wounded in battle; 5 days later her mother died of typhus. Her surviving brother, Paul Roudakoff, was at school in the elite Corps des Pages, and was evacuated to the banks of the Nile in Egypt with the entire Corps by their patron, King George V of England who took responsibility for the school after the assassination of his cousins.
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That technical faculty saw many changes in its history but it is the base of current "Tashkent State Technical University". In 1923 it was re-set as the new faculty called "Engineering-melioration faculty". After 6 years, in 1929 in base of this faculty, there was created new institute called "Central Asian cotton-irrigation institute". After 4 years, in 1933 this institute became the fundament for new and unique technical university in Central Asia. From the year of 1949 it was renamed to "Central Asian Poly Technical Institute". From the year 1961 it was called as the "Tashkent Poly Technical institute". In 1973 it was named after one of the greatest scientists of Uzbekistan Abu Rayhan Beruni, and was called as the "Tashkent Poly Technical Institute named Abu Rayhan Beruni". After the Independence of Uzbekistan, by the edict President of Republic Uzbekistan Islam Karimov, university was renamed to its current name and it became one of the leading educational centers of Uzbekistan.
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In February 1989 The Republican Ecology Research and Information Center was created by Decree No.4 of the State Environment Protection Committee order of the Latvian SSR of 1 January 1989, on the basis of the Central Hydrochemical laboratory of the Ministry of Melioration and Water Management of the Latvian SSR. In September 1993, the Latvian Environmental Data Center was created by Decree No.9 of the Ministry of Environment and Regional Development of Latvia of 17 September 1993. On 1 October 2000, the Latvian Environmental Agency was created by Decree N0.478 of the Cabinet of Ministers of Latvia of 27 September 2000, reorganizing the Environmental Consultation and Monitoring Center and merging it with the Latvian Environmental Data Center. In 2000 by Decree of the Minister of Environment and Regional Development of 6 August 2001, the Latvian Environmental Agency adopted the National Surface Water Monitoring Program for implementation from the Latvian Hydrometeorology Agency.
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