Select System, then Formatting Options, then Initialize Console: Read through the information that tells you about what's going to be deleted, and if you're ready to take the plunge, choose Next then Initialize.
|
|
PEGP) { Method (_INI, 103, NotSerialized) // _INI: Initialize { Store (Zero, \_SB.PCI0.RP01.PEGP.
|
|
PEGP) { Method (_INI, 0, NotSerialized) // _INI: Initialize { Store (Zero, \_SB.PCI0.RP01.PEGP.
|
|
It was really hard to sterilize between users, and really hard to initialize, and really kind of crazy.
|
|
If nothing else works, select option 7, "Initialize PS4 (Reinstall System Software)," and press X. Follow the instructions on the screen.
|
|
The upgrade is an easy process which you can initialize from the taskbar upgrade notification on eligible machines, or you can follow Microsoft's guide.
|
|
Pucks can be used to initialize any number of functions (on, off, turn, go, etc.) and work by connecting to square Base Boards via capacitive sensors.
|
|
This approach makes better use of earth observations used to initialize the model which gives forecasters a more accurate and timely picture of evolving weather situations.
|
|
Government investment will initialize new markets, extend the human neighborhood from low earth orbit to the Moon, and on to Mars, and reduce the "barriers to entry" critical for commercial success.
|
|
Google detailed that the big priorities when they designed TF Lite from scratch was to emphasize a lightweight product that could initialize quickly and improve model load times on a variety of mobile devices.
|
|
How to reset a PlayStation 4Resetting any model of PS4 is a fairly straightforward process: You open up Settings (the toolkit icon), then you choose Initialization and Initialize PS4, and pick the Full option (then confirm the action).
|
|
It's called Clover, it's free to download and use, and it works on every version of Windows since XP. Once you've got it up and running—and it does take a couple of minutes to initialize—your File Explorer windows come with the tabbed headings that you'll recognize from Chrome, Firefox, et al.
|
|
BIOS and UEFI use XIP to initialize the main memory.
|
|
This problem is complicated by some Windows APIs that initialize COM as part of their implementation, which causes a "leak" of implementation details.
|
|
Because Magik was originally developed in England, methods in the core smallworld libraries are spelled using British English. For example: Use "initialise", not "initialize".
|
|
Or the pre-trained model can be used to initialize a model with similar architecture which is then fine-tuned to learn a different classification task.
|
|
This will lead to O(\log^2 N). The best method is to initialize the finger table from its immediate neighbours and make some updates, which is O(\log N).
|
|
BAT file set up the system date and time, initialize the DOS environment, load any resident programs or device drivers, or initialize network connections and assignments. A .bat file name extension identifies a file containing commands that are executed by the command interpreter COMMAND.COM line by line, as if it were a list of commands entered manually, with some extra batch-file-specific commands for basic programming functionality, including a `GOTO` command for changing flow of line execution.
|
|
Some individuals, for example trained athletes, may have heart beats slower than 60 beats per minute when not exercising. If the SA node fails to initialize, the AV junction can take over as the main pacemaker of the heart. The AV junction "surrounds" the AV node (the AV node is not able to initialize its own impulses) and has a regular rate of 40 to 60 bpm. These "junctional" rhythms are characterized by a missing or inverted P-Wave.
|
|
An example of a simple Ajax request using the GET method, written in JavaScript. get-ajax-data.js: // This is the client-side script. // Initialize the HTTP request. var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); xhr.
|
|
Inside the boxes are suspectors that absorb microwaves at room temperature to initialize the sintering process. The microwave heats the suspectors to about 600 °C, sufficient to trigger the nanoceramics to absorb the microwaves.
|
|
Under DOS, a terminate and stay resident driver called mvsound.sys had to be used in order to initialize the card although most programs did not use this driver but rather programmed the PAS chip directly.
|
|
Initialize S to be the empty set. 2\. While there exists a vertex u in the graph with no neighbor in S: 3\. Add such a vertex u to S, where u minimizes d(u) (the initial degree of u). 4\. Return S. 1\. Initialize S to be the empty set. 2\. While the remaining graph is not empty: 3\. Add a vertex u to S, where u has minimum degree in the remaining graph. 4\. Delete u and all of its neighbors from the graph. 5\.
|
|
Shown is a Ruby implementation of a Queue, a FIFO data structure: class Queue def initialize @input = [] @output = [] end def enqueue(element) @input << element end def dequeue if @output.empty? while @input.any? @output << @input.pop end end @output.
|
|
Due to unforeseen complications the NSTS conducted only two major field experiments and a validation experiment. This was a significant contribution to the field of coastal sediment transport and helped initialize a great deal of future research.
|
|
Accessor methods are used to read data values of an object. Mutator methods are used to modify the data of an object. Manager methods are used to initialize and destroy objects of a class, e.g. constructors and destructors.
|
|
This is an all-or-nothing feature: either all of that base class's constructors are forwarded or none of them are. Also, an inherited constructor will be shadowed if it matches the signature of a constructor of the derived class, and restrictions exist for multiple inheritance: class constructors cannot be inherited from two classes that use constructors with the same signature. The syntax is as follows: class BaseClass { public: BaseClass(int value); }; class DerivedClass : public BaseClass { public: using BaseClass::BaseClass; }; For member initialization, C++11 allows this syntax: class SomeClass { public: SomeClass() {} explicit SomeClass(int new_value) : value(new_value) {} private: int value = 5; }; Any constructor of the class will initialize `value` with 5, if the constructor does not override the initialization with its own. So the above empty constructor will initialize `value` as the class definition states, but the constructor that takes an int will initialize it to the given parameter.
|
|
To support calling of user-defined functions, one must first initialize the control with the AddCode method, which loads a string (or a string resource) containing a library of user-defined functions defined in the language of one's choice, prior to calling Eval.
|
|
Init; begin // initialize variables // link methods (manual RTTI) with Self do begin TMethod(@Put):=[@THelloWorld.Put, @Self]; TMethod(@Free):=[@THelloWorld.Free, @Self]; End; end; var HelloWorld: THelloWorld; { this is an implicit pointer } begin HelloWorld.Init; { self initialization (pointer to an object) of type THelloWorld } HelloWorld.
|
|
TianoCore lacks the specialized drivers that initialize chipset functions, which are instead provided by coreboot, of which TianoCore is one of many payload options. The development of coreboot requires cooperation from chipset manufacturers to provide the specifications needed to develop initialization drivers.
|
|
If both the SA node and the AV junction fail to initialize the electrical impulse, the ventricles can fire the electrical impulses themselves at a rate of 20 to 40 bpm and will have a QRS complex of greater than 120 ms.
|
|
These are the steps of the algorithm: # Initialize all vertices as unvisited. # Select an arbitrary vertex, set it as the current vertex u. Mark u as visited. # Find out the shortest edge connecting the current vertex u and an unvisited vertex v.
|
|
The Windows NT startup process is the process by which Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 operating systems initialize. In Windows Vista and later, this process has changed significantly; see Windows Vista startup process for information about what has changed.
|
|
As long as the similarity exceeds some predefined threshold, replace the one in the accumulator with the average of both ellipses and add 1 to its score. Otherwise, initialize this ellipse to an empty position in the accumulator and assign a score of 1.
|
|
Consider the following y = Egg.new("Green") y.color = "White" puts y.color Now the Egg class could be defined as follows class Egg attr_accessor :color def initialize(color) @color = color end end The above initial code segment would work fine with the Egg being defined as such.
|
|
KRASS e. V. is located in Düsseldorf and has branch offices in Athens, Beijing, Limburg and Trier. About 45 staff volunteers help to initialize, organize and coordinate activities and projects for children in the cultural and artistic field for KRASS e. V. in European countries.
|
|
In Michigan-style systems, classifiers are contained within a population [P] that has a user defined maximum number of classifiers. Unlike most stochastic search algorithms (e.g. evolutionary algorithms), LCS populations start out empty (i.e. there is no need to randomly initialize a rule population).
|
|
Abdulkadiroğlu et al. suggest a market-based approach. It is a combination of an ascending auction and a descending auction. It is simplest to describe as a continuous- price auction: # Initialize the price of each room to 1/n of the total house cost.
|
|
However, imperative constructs are provided so that some mappings too complex to be declaratively handled can still be specified. An ATL transformation program is composed of rules that define how source model elements are matched and navigated to create and initialize the elements of the target models.
|
|
Consequently, densely connected groups reach a common label quickly. When many such dense (consensus) groups are created throughout the network, they continue to expand outwards until it is impossible to do so. The process has 5 steps: 1\. Initialize the labels at all nodes in the network.
|
|
Problems may arise if an application must track "data state"; for example, a finite-state machine that may be in a transient state between requests (lazy evaluation) or takes a long time to initialize. State management in ASP.NET pages with authentication can make Web scraping difficult or impossible.
|
|
This simple greedy algorithm finds the subset of a superincreasing sequence W which sums to c', in polynomial time: :1. Initialize X to an empty list. :2. Find the largest element in W which is less than or equal to c', say w_j. :3. Subtract: c' := c' - w_j. :4.
|
|
Code is executed to interact with the user-specified peripheral functions (called "Components"), using automatically generated APIs and interrupt routines. PSoC Designer or PSoC Creator generate the startup configuration code. Both integrate APIs that initialize the user selected components upon the users needs in a Visual-Studio-like GUI.
|
|
Those attributes are equivalent in their purpose to the `main.m` file in Objective-C projects: they implicitly declare the `main` function that calls `UIApplicationMain(_:_:_:_:)` which creates an instance of `UIApplication`. The following code is the default way to initialize a Cocoa Touch-based iOS app and declare its application delegate. // AppDelegate.
|
|
The algorithm in pseudocode is as follows: let the input be a string I consisting of n characters: a1 ... an. let the grammar contain r nonterminal symbols R1 ... Rr, with start symbol R1. let P[n,n,r] be an array of booleans. Initialize all elements of P to false.
|
|
C++'s associative containers like `std::map` use `operator[]` to get the value associated to a key. If there is nothing associated to this key, it will construct it and value initialize the value. For simple types like int or float, the value initialization will be zero initialization. std::map> a; a[1].
|
|
Second, WPA implements a sequence counter to protect against replay attacks. Packets received out of order will be rejected by the access point. Finally, TKIP implements a 64-bit Message Integrity Check (MIC) and re- initialize the sequence number each time when a new key(Temporal key) is used.IEEE-SA Standards Board.
|
|
For example, the commands SetParameter, GetParameter, ExecuteMethod are widely used. Also PrepareForOutput and PrepareForInput are common because they enable the transport mechanisms to transfer labware items from device to device. The mandatory commands include operations like Reset, Initialize, Abort and Pause. In addition also locking a device for exclusive use is provided.
|
|
Kickstart is the bootstrap firmware of the Amiga computers developed by Commodore International. Its purpose is to initialize the Amiga hardware and core components of AmigaOS and then attempt to boot from a bootable volume, such as a floppy disk. Most Amiga models were shipped with the Kickstart firmware stored on ROM chips.
|
|
The state of the system at any time t is given by the phase space of all the classical particles, the quantum amplitudes, and the adiabatic state. The simulation broadly consists of the following steps: Step 1. Initialize the state of the system. The classical positions and velocities are chosen based on the ensemble required.
|
|
Kickstart is the firmware upon which AmigaOS is bootstrapped. Its purpose is to initialize the Amiga hardware and core components of AmigaOS and then attempt to boot from a bootable volume, such as a floppy disk or hard disk drive. Most models (excluding the Amiga 1000) come equipped with Kickstart on an embedded ROM-chip.
|
|
Confusingly, however, some distorted images may be visible on a properly-connected VIVO-driven television display at boot- up due to the fact that prior to the OS loading the display driver, the video bios might initialize outputs that are then unavailable once the OS takes over and the driver loads into SLI mode.
|
|
A component instance was created by opening a component. This called the component's open function to allocate and initialize any necessary storage for the instance. Closing the instance got rid of this storage and invalidated all references to that instance. Components and component instances were referenced by 32-bit values that were not pointers.
|
|
Proponents of DMAIC, DDICA (Design Develop Initialize Control and Allocate) and Lean techniques might claim that DFSS falls under the general rubric of Six Sigma or Lean Six Sigma (LSS). Both methodologies focus on meeting customer needs and business priorities as the starting-point for analysis.Bertels, Thomas (2003) Rath & Strong's Six Sigma Leadership Handbook. John Wiley and Sons.
|
|
Incremental encoder An incremental encoder will immediately report changes in position, which is an essential capability in some applications. However, it does not report or keep track of absolute position. As a result, the mechanical system monitored by an incremental encoder may have to be homed (moved to a fixed reference point) to initialize absolute position measurements.
|
|
'); end. Command-line arguments are counted in `ParamCount` and accessible as strings by `ParamStr(n)`, with n between 0 and `ParamCount`. Versions of Pascal that support units or modules may also contain an unnamed block in each, which is used to initialize the module. These blocks are executed before the main program entry point is called.
|
|
This sequence would continue until all the mission events had been completed. Ground monitors will have the capability to terminate any phase and re-initialize the autonomous flight system with new instructions." Since the 'crew' would now be just passengers, training could be greatly simplified and entirely simulation- based. "All training would be conducted in the central simulation facility.
|
|
Initialize(out Send); joinPattern.Initialize(out Retrieve); } } When asynchronous methods are called, the parameters are put in a channel, which is a queue managed by the Joins runtime. The method can optionally start a new thread to process the parameters in the background, and return the results. When the corresponding synchronous method is called the parameter is returned for further processing.
|
|
A stored-program computer requires an initial computer program stored in its read-only memory to boot. The boot process is to identify and initialize all aspects of the system, from processor registers to device controllers to memory contents. Following the initialization process, this initial computer program loads the operating system and sets the program counter to begin normal operations.
|
|
While the implementation is an efficient thread-safe "singleton" cache without synchronization overhead, and better performing than uncontended synchronization, the idiom can only be used when the construction of `Something` is guaranteed to not fail. In most JVM implementations, if construction of `Something` fails, subsequent attempts to initialize it from the same class-loader will result in a `NoClassDefFoundError` failure.
|
|
A high level view of the encoding algorithm is shown here: # Initialize the dictionary to contain all strings of length one. # Find the longest string W in the dictionary that matches the current input. # Emit the dictionary index for W to output and remove W from the input. # Add W followed by the next symbol in the input to the dictionary.
|
|
Numerous variants of even a basic PSO algorithm are possible. For example, there are different ways to initialize the particles and velocities (e.g. start with zero velocities instead), how to dampen the velocity, only update pi and g after the entire swarm has been updated, etc. Some of these choices and their possible performance impact have been discussed in the literature.
|
|
She vanishes and Kirk cannot remember the password. As Chekov and Scott try to initialize the grid, Kirk sees a little girl running in the halls. On the bridge, Smith reports a missile from Eretria heading directly for Chalcis. The Chalcidian minister demands the password to activate the grid, but Spock is forced to stall for time while the captain recovers.
|
|
The steps of the algorithm are: # Initialize an empty splay tree # For each data item in the input order, insert it into the splay tree # Traverse the splay tree in inorder to find the sorted order of the data Thus, the algorithm may be seen as a form of insertion sort or tree sort, using a splay tree to speed up each insertion.
|
|
There is no efficient way to initialize arrays in Java. When declaring an array, the JVM compiles it to bytecodes with instructions that set its elements one by one at runtime. Because Java methods cannot be bigger than 64KB, arrays of even modest sizes with values assigned directly in the code will throw the message "Error: code too large" on compilation.
|
|
In machine learning, the weighted majority algorithm (WMA) is a meta-learning algorithm which "predicts from expert advice". It is not a randomized algorithm: initialize all experts to weight 1. for each round: poll all the experts and predict based on a weighted majority vote of their predictions. cut in half the weights of all experts that make a mistake.
|
|
The method of calling the constructor implicitly is also called the shorthand method. If we want to initialize fields of the class with your own values, then use a parameterized constructor. class Example { public: Example(); Example(int a, int b); // Parameterized constructor. private: int x_; int y_; }; Example::Example() = default; Example::Example(int x, int y) : x_(x), y_( Example e = Example(0, 50); // Explicit call.
|
|
The most difficult hardware that coreboot initializes is the DRAM controllers and DRAM. In some cases, technical documentation on this subject is NDA restricted or unavailable. RAM initialization is particularly difficult because before the RAM is initialized it cannot be used. Therefore, to initialize DRAM controllers and DRAM, the initialization code may have only the CPU's general purpose registers or Cache-as-RAM as temporary storage.
|
|
The algorithm below chooses each vertex u to maximize the resulting pessimistic estimator. By the previous considerations, this keeps the pessimistic estimator from decreasing and guarantees a successful outcome. Below, N(t)(u) denotes the neighbors of u in R(t) (that is, neighbors of u that are neither in S nor have a neighbor in S). 1\. Initialize S to be the empty set. 2\.
|
|
INSTANCE; } } The implementation of the idiom relies on the initialization phase of execution within the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) as specified by the Java Language Specification (JLS).See 12.4 of Java Language Specification for details. When the class `Something` is loaded by the JVM, the class goes through initialization. Since the class does not have any static variables to initialize, the initialization completes trivially.
|
|
Also, as with GSM, the known sequence acts as a training pattern to initialize an adaptive equalizer. The IS-54 system has different synchronization sequences for each of the six time slots making up the frame, thereby allowing each receiver to synchronize to its own preassigned time slots. An additional 12 bits in every time slot are for the SACCH (i.e. system control information).
|
|
As the successor is the first entry of the finger table, we do not need to maintain this field separately any more. The following tasks should be done for a newly joined node n: # Initialize node n (the predecessor and the finger table). # Notify other nodes to update their predecessors and finger tables. # The new node takes over its responsible keys from its successor.
|
|
OpenGL does not specify how to initialize a display and manipulate drawing contexts. Instead these operations are handled by an API specific to the native windowing system. So far there are two different backend approaches to solving this initialization problem. Most likely the majority of each backend will contain the same code and the differences will primarily be in the initialization portions of the servers.
|
|
Consider the following simple randomized algorithm : ; BIT : For every item in the list, maintain a bit. Initialize all the bits uniformly and randomly to 0 or 1. When an item is accessed, flip the bit, and if it is 1 move it to the front, else don't. This algorithm is barely random - it makes all its random choices in the beginning and not during the run.
|
|
These conditions are not necessarily bad symptoms, however. Trained athletes, for example, usually show heart rates slower than 60bpm when not exercising. If the SA node fails to initialize, the AV junction can take over as the main pacemaker of the heart. The AV junction consists of the AV node, the bundle of His, and the surrounding area; it has a regular rate of 40 to 60bpm.
|
|
These "junctional" rhythms are characterized by a missing or inverted P wave. If both the SA node and the AV junction fail to initialize the electrical impulse, the ventricles can fire the electrical impulses themselves at a rate of 20 to 40bpm and will have a QRS complex of greater than 120 ms. This is necessary for the heart to be in good function.
|
|
The user does not have access to the keys through the client device. # Reboot Stack: The AP applies the SSID and key for the highest level of encryption supported by the client and reboots. The previously used WEP64 and RC4 tunnel are no longer used. The client adapter will automatically reboot or re-initialize and connect to the SSID using the proper encryption key.
|
|
A software test fixture sets up a system for the software testing process by initializing it, thereby satisfying any preconditions the system may have. For example, the Ruby on Rails web framework uses YAML to initialize a database with known parameters before running a test. This allows for tests to be repeatable, which is one of the key features of an effective test framework.
|
|
Tree-like representations are explored in genetic programming and graph-form representations are explored in evolutionary programming; a mix of both linear chromosomes and trees is explored in gene expression programming. Once the genetic representation and the fitness function are defined, a GA proceeds to initialize a population of solutions and then to improve it through repetitive application of the mutation, crossover, inversion and selection operators.
|
|
Common embedded system alternatives include Das U-Boot. Its main responsibility is to initialize CPUs, caches, memory controllers, and peripherals required early on in the power on stage. It typically incorporates several built-in device drivers for SoC peripherals, it has several console choices, including serial ports, ROM emulators, JTAG, etc. Just like in other boot loaders environment, variables are commonly configured in persistent storage to create auto boot options.
|
|
The actuation process of the inchworm motor is a six step cyclical process after the initial relaxation and initialization phase. Initially, all three piezos are relaxed and unextended. To initialize the inchworm motor the clutching piezo closest to the direction of desired motion (which then becomes the forward clutch piezo) is electrified first then the six step cycle begins as follows (see Figure 2.): Step 1. Extension of the lateral piezo.
|
|
Usually this refers to a sensor which has quantized energy levels, uses quantum coherence to measure a physical quantity, or uses entanglement to improve measurements beyond what can be done with classical sensors. There are 4 criteria for solid-state quantum sensors: 1. The system has to have discrete, resolvable energy levels. 2. You can initialize the sensor and you can perform readout (turn on and get answer). 3.
|
|
A constructor is a method that is called at the beginning of an object's lifetime to create and initialize the object, a process called construction (or instantiation). Initialization may include an acquisition of resources. Constructors may have parameters but usually do not return values in most languages. See the following example in Java: public class Main { String _name; int _roll; Main(String name, int roll) { // constructor method this.
|
|
Solar and wind power are extremely scalable, as there are systems available from less than 1 watt to several megawatts. This makes it possible to initialize the electrification of a home or village with minimal initial capital. It also allows for dynamic and incremental scaling as load demands increases. The component configuration of a wind or solar installation also provides a level of functional redundancy, improving the reliability of the system.
|
|
Prerequisite: The main diagonal entries of the table are 0. #Set up an interim digit and initialize it to 0. #Process the number digit by digit: Use the number's digit as column index and the interim digit as row index, take the table entry and replace the interim digit with it. #The resulting interim digit gives the check digit and will be appended as trailing digit to the number.
|
|
Due to its large transmission power, the Common pilot channel (CPICH) probably consumes 15 to 20 percentage of the forward as well as the reverse link capacity. Co-channel interference is obvious. It is hence important to initialize interference cancellation techniques such as pilot interference cancellation (PIC) and forward link interference cancellation (FLIC) together in the network. Quasi-linear interference cancellation (QLIC) is a technique used for both FLIC and PIC.
|
|
Hacking coreboot at Denver 2008 summit. Since coreboot must initialize the bare hardware, it must be ported to every chipset and motherboard that it supports. Before initializing RAM, coreboot initializes the serial port (addressing cache and registers only), so it can send out debug text to a connected terminal. It can also send byte codes to port 0x80 that are displayed on a two-hex-digit display of a connected POST card.
|
|
In this mode the concept of "windows" is used, windows have a predefined size, allowing the receiver to keep a count of which windows or windows parts have been received, at the moment the receiver gets the last fragment from the sender it will calculate which parts of the packets it has missed and send a message describing that to the sender. The sender will then initialize the retransmission of the missing packet parts.
|
|
PAM choosing initial medoids, then iterating to convergence for k=3 clusters, visualized with ELKI. The most common realisation of -medoid clustering is the partitioning around medoids (PAM) algorithm. PAM uses a greedy search which may not find the optimum solution, but it is faster than exhaustive search. It works as follows: # Initialize: greedily select of the data points as the medoids to minimize the cost # Associate each data point to the closest medoid.
|
|
In 1994, OPC began to quality control global surface marine observations. Using an automated algorithm and interactive system, forecasters examine the latest observations from voluntary observing ships and drifting and moored platforms and compare them against short-projection model runs. Worldwide surface marine observations come to OPC via the World Meteorological Organization's Global Telecommunications System in real time. These quality control measures remove spurious data before the data are ingested into models to initialize forecasts.
|
|
The algorithm produced a continuous stream of bits that were xored with the five bit Baudot teleprinter code to produce ciphertext on the transmitting end and plaintext on the receiving end. In NSA terminology, this stream of bits is called the key. The information needed to initialize the algorithm, what most cryptographers today would call the key, NSA calls a cryptovariable. Typically each KW-26 was given a new cryptovariable once a day.
|
|
Reserved bits are present to guarantee that the FCoE frame meets the minimum length requirement of Ethernet. Inside the encapsulated Fibre Channel frame, the frame header is retained so as to allow connecting to a storage network by passing on the Fibre Channel frame directly after de-encapsulation. The FIP (FCoE Initialization Protocol) is an integral part of FCoE. Its main goal is to discover and initialize FCoE capable entities connected to an Ethernet cloud.
|
|
NAR 2 has instructions to initialize the value of particular index register ("PIR" mnemonic). However, it does not have special instructions to read values index registers. This is achieved by using indexed and immediate (P, N) addressing mode flags, such as: mua Xi, P, N, n ; Memory- Into-Accumulator, Indexed, Immediate, 0 ... which essentially puts Xi+n into accumulator. For n=0, this turns into a "load index register value into accumulator" instruction.
|
|
Boot ROM has two primary responsibilities: to initialize system hardware (the POST component) and to select an operating system to run (the UEFI component). For iOS, the boot process starts by running the device's Boot ROM code. In systems with S1 processors or A9 or earlier A-series processors, the Boot ROM loads the Low-Level Bootloader (LLB), which loads iBoot. In systems with newer processors, the Boot ROM loads iBoot itself.
|
|
In May 2012, the school received a grant from the National Wildlife Federation, which was used to initialize the planting of the school's native arboretum. In May 2013, the Committee for Economic Development visited MAST. In 2013–2014, the middle and high schools were both fully converted into a magnet school. The school has maintained a relatively small population since this transition, in order to offer its students a richer one-on-one learning experience.
|
|
Hong Kong has a queer pop culture for appreciating gay romance, and generally known as ‘Yaoi’. Hong Kong usually adopts its English translation and initialize the phase "boy love" as ‘bl’. Hong Kong also invent specific phrase in referencing to love between two males in 2013. The phrase ‘hehe’ has been used on the online forum HKGolden literally meaning two ‘he’s being together. It later also further develops into ‘sheshe’ for lesbians.
|
|
There is no special procedure to initialize a YAFFS filesystem beyond simply erasing the flash memory. When a bad block is encountered, YAFFS follows the smart media scheme of marking the fifth byte of the block's spare area. Blocks marked as such remain unallocated from then on. To write file data, YAFFS initially writes a whole page (chunk in YAFFS terminology) that describes the file metadata, such as timestamps, name, path, etc.
|
|
The Fisher–Yates shuffle, as implemented by Durstenfeld, is an in-place shuffle. That is, given a preinitialized array, it shuffles the elements of the array in place, rather than producing a shuffled copy of the array. This can be an advantage if the array to be shuffled is large. To simultaneously initialize and shuffle an array, a bit more efficiency can be attained by doing an "inside-out" version of the shuffle.
|
|
For illustrating the syntax of the SARL language, the Ping-Pong scheme is coded below. The agent A is sending a message PING to the agent B for determining if it is still alive. The agent B is replying with a PONG message. First, the two messages must be defined as events (without attribute): event PING event PONG The agent A is defined with agent A { uses DefaultContextInteraction, Logging on Initialize { emit(new Ping) } on Pong { println("Agent " + occurrence.
|
|
The behavior of the default constructor is language dependent. It may initialize data members to zero or other same values, or it may do nothing at all. In Java, a "default constructor" refer to a nullary constructor that is automatically generated by the compiler if no constructors have been defined for the class or in the absence of any programmer-defined constructors (e.g. in Java, the default constructor implicitly calls the superclass's nullary constructor, then executes an empty body).
|
|
Lustosa was still a reluctant bishop but accepted each new position in obedience. But his health forced him to retire in 1963 and he still remained a noted pastor following his resignation. His reputation for holiness had been noted in his life while he served in his dioceses and archdioceses and steps were taken in order to initialize a potential beatification process. The cause opened in 1992 and he became titled as a Servant of God.
|
|
Two counters can simulate this stack, in which one of the counters holds a number whose binary representation represents the bits on the stack, and the other counter is used as a scratchpad. To double the number in the first counter, the FSM can initialize the second counter to zero, then repeatedly decrement the first counter once and increment the second counter twice. This continues until the first counter reaches zero. At that point, the second counter will hold the doubled number.
|
|
First, the system must be initialized: let \beta=1/k_b T be the system's Boltzmann temperature and initialize the system with an initial state (which can be anything since the final result should not depend on it). With micro-canonic choice, the metropolis method must be employed. Because there is no right way of choosing which state is to be picked, one can particularize and choose to try to flip one spin at the time. This choice is usually called single spin flip.
|
|
For each vertex we store the list of adjacencies (out-edges) in order of the planarity of the graph (for example, clockwise with respect to the graph's embedding). We then initialize a counter i = n + 1 and begin a Depth-First Traversal from s. During this traversal, the adjacency list of each vertex is visited from left-to-right as needed. As vertices are popped from the traversal's stack, they are labelled with the value i, and i is then decremented.
|
|
Primm (1998), 328. The introduction of the railroad in St. Louis helped spread the fortune and initialize much of this industrial success. With the completion of the Municipal Railroad System, St. Louis' manufacturers could get their products to consumers on the East Coast much faster than before. St. Louis brewery Anheuser-Busch pioneered the use of refrigerated railroad cars for transporting beer to a national market. The brewing small industry took off with the arrival of Adam Lemp from Germany in 1842.
|
|
Each palette register contain a 3×6 bit RGB value, selecting a color from the 18-bit gamut of the DAC. These color registers are initialized to default values IBM expected to be most useful for each mode. For instance, EGA 16-color modes initialize to the default CGA 16-color palette, and the 256-color mode initializes to a palette consisting of 16 CGA colors, 16 grey shades, and then 216 colors chosen by IBM to fit expected use cases.
|
|
The use of a Service Availability library starts with a call to initialize the library, which potentially loads any dynamic code and binds the asynchronous calls implemented by the process. When the process no longer requires the use of the area functions, it calls the area finalization function, which disassociates the process from the interface area implementation instance and recovers any associated resources. AIS employs both the synchronous and asynchronous programming models. Synchronous APIs are generally used for library and association housekeeping interfaces.
|
|
The Display List and the display data are written into RAM by the CPU. ANTIC reads the Display List instructions, screen memory, and character set information from RAM using a technique known as direct memory access (DMA). A BASIC or 6502 machine language program's job is to initialize the display—set up the Display List instructions, organize screen memory (and character set if applicable), and then direct ANTIC to start the display. After this, ANTIC automatically takes care of generating the screen display.
|
|
C# satisfies the use-cases for these by providing anonymous delegates; see event handling for more about this. C# also provides a feature called anonymous types/classes, but it is rather different from Java's concept with the same name. It allows the programmer to instantiate a class by providing only a set of names for the properties the class should have, and an expression to initialize each. The types of the properties are inferred from the types of those expressions.
|
|
Installation of MediaWiki requires that the user have administrative privileges on a server running both PHP and a compatible type of SQL database. Some users find that setting up a virtual host is helpful if the majority of one's site runs under a framework (such as Zope or Ruby on Rails) that is largely incompatible with MediaWiki. Cloud hosting can eliminate the need to deploy a new server. An installation PHP script is accessed via a web browser to initialize the wiki's settings.
|
|
There are two main approaches to include the effects of ash aggregation in numerical models of ash injection and dispersal. One is to initialize the model with an aggregated grain size distribution, by moving fractions of the erupted mass into larger size bins (for example, the Cornell model). A second approach is a full theoretical description of aggregate growth through time, based on the Smoluchowski coagulation equation. Several methods exist to deal with this equation, including continuous and discrete methods.
|
|
Abstract factory classes are often implemented with factory methods (creation through inheritance), but they can be implemented using prototype (creation through delegation). (GoF, p95) Often, designs start out using Factory Method (less complicated, more customizable, subclasses proliferate) and evolve toward abstract factory, prototype, or builder (more flexible, more complex) as the designer discovers where more flexibility is needed. (GoF, p136) Prototype does not require subclassing, but it does require an "initialize" operation. Factory method requires subclassing, but does not require initialization.
|
|
Programs needed to be loaded by an operator; the processor could not initialize itself. Modern processors appear to the user to be von Neumann machines, with the program code stored in the same main memory as the data. For performance reasons, internally and largely invisible to the user, most designs have separate processor caches for the instructions and data, with separate pathways into the processor for each. This is one form of what is known as the modified Harvard architecture.
|
|
Perl programmers may initialize a hash (or associative array) from a list of key/value pairs. If the keys are separated from the values with the `=>` operator (sometimes called a fat comma), rather than a comma, they may be unquoted (barewords ). The following lines are equivalent: %favorite = ('joe', "red", 'sam', "blue"); %favorite = (joe => 'red', sam => 'blue'); Individual values in a hash are accessed by providing the corresponding key, in curly braces. The `$` sigil identifies the accessed element as a scalar.
|
|
The device suffered some setbacks, most notably a slow CD initialize time (the time during which the drive analyzes the contents of an MP3 CD), maximum of 4X burning speed (due to the device using USB 1.1 to connect to its host computer), and no support for CD-RW media. Some have also reported issues using the device with 24 minute (210 MB) mini CD media; the device was shipped with 21 minute (185 MB) media and seemed unreliable when burning on the slightly higher density media.
|
|
In The Guardian Legend, the player controls the gynoid guardian of Earth, a "highly sophisticated aerobot transformer". The player's mission is to infiltrate Naju, a large planet-like object which aliens sent hurtling towards the Earth. While inside, the player must activate ten safety devices in order to initialize Naju's self-destruct mechanism and destroy the alien world before it reaches Earth. Five hostile tribes of alien lifeforms are vying for control of territories within Naju,(in Japanese) Guardic Gaiden Instruction Manual, p. 13.
|
|
In other cases, the program may initialize the runtime library itself. In simple systems, execution begins at the first statement, which is common in interpreted languages, simple executable formats, and boot loaders. In other cases, the entry point is at some other known memory address which can be an absolute address or relative address (offset). Alternatively, execution of a program can begin at a named point, either with a conventional name defined by the programming language or operating system or at a caller- specified name.
|
|
In interactive methods of optimizing multiple objective problems, the solution process is iterative and the decision maker continuously interacts with the method when searching for the most preferred solution (see e.g. Miettinen 1999, Miettinen 2008). In other words, the decision maker is expected to express preferences at each iteration in order to get Pareto optimal solutions that are of interest to the decision maker and learn what kind of solutions are attainable. The following steps are commonly present in interactive methods of optimization : # initialize (e.g.
|
|
Below each fader is a large button to initialize the sound, or select the sound for editing, and a switch to turn the trigger's velocity sensitivity off or on. The sequencer works in the familiar pattern-style of placing short consecutive sections of samples into a song. The user can easily add swing quantization and tempo changes. The sequencer can sync the tempo to SMPTE, MIDI, or analogue clock pulses and is also capable of synchronizing the tempo to a tapping finger with the tap-tempo button.
|
|
The algorithm assumes that the Dijkstra algorithm is used to find the shortest path between two nodes, but any shortest path algorithm can be used in its place. function YenKSP(Graph, source, sink, K): // Determine the shortest path from the source to the sink. A[0] = Dijkstra(Graph, source, sink); // Initialize the set to store the potential kth shortest path. B = []; for k from 1 to K: // The spur node ranges from the first node to the next to last node in the previous k-shortest path.
|
|
Figure 6: Programming/usage model of SA Forum AIS services. The area implementation libraries may be implemented in one or several physical libraries; however, a process is required to initialize, register, and obtain an operating system selection object separately for each area's implementation library. Thus, from a programming standpoint, it is useful to view these as separate libraries. The usage model is typical of an event-driven architecture, in which the application performs a setup and then receives callbacks as events occur (fig 6).
|
|
Bit6: position value $40, loads a new address for the start of screen memory for the current Playfield mode line. The LMS option loads ANTIC's screen memory scan address with the 16-bit value in the two bytes following the instruction. The Character or Map mode specified will begin displaying bytes from that address. The LMS option must appear in the first Playfield Mode Instruction line (not Blank Line) in the Display List to initialize ANTIC to begin reading at the start of screen memory.
|
|
As when proving a theorem by induction, it is often necessary to replace the original problem with a more general or complicated problem in order to initialize the recursion, and there is no systematic method for finding the proper generalization. These divide-and-conquer complications are seen when optimizing the calculation of a Fibonacci number with efficient double recursion. The correctness of a divide-and-conquer algorithm is usually proved by mathematical induction, and its computational cost is often determined by solving recurrence relations.
|
|
The key- scheduling algorithm is used to initialize the permutation in the array "S". "keylength" is defined as the number of bytes in the key and can be in the range 1 ≤ keylength ≤ 256, typically between 5 and 16, corresponding to a key length of 40 – 128 bits. First, the array "S" is initialized to the identity permutation. S is then processed for 256 iterations in a similar way to the main PRGA, but also mixes in bytes of the key at the same time.
|
|
BrowserQuest is a demonstration of a number of modern web technologies. It is written in HTML5, utilizing WebSockets for multiplayer networking, and is playable from modern web browsers. The client makes use of HTML5's canvas element to render the graphics, web workers to initialize the map without affecting the rest of the page, localStorage to save progress, media queries to dynamically resize the game to the device, and HTML5 Audio to render the sound. The server is written in JavaScript, and runs in Node.js.
|
|
Peripheral cards such as some hard disk drive controllers and some video display adapters have their own BIOS extension option ROMs, which provide additional functionality to BIOS. Code in these extensions runs before the BIOS boots the system from mass storage. These ROMs typically test and initialize hardware, add new BIOS services, and augment or replace existing BIOS services with their own versions of those services. For example, a SCSI controller usually has a BIOS extension ROM that adds support for hard drives connected through that controller.
|
|
Designating each vertex or set of connected vertices a "component", pseudocode for Borůvka's algorithm is: algorithm Borůvka is input: A graph G whose edges have distinct weights. output: F is the minimum spanning forest of G. Initialize a forest F to be a set of one-vertex trees, one for each vertex of the graph. while F has more than one component do Find the connected components of F and label each vertex of G by its component Initialize the cheapest edge for each component to "None" for each edge uv of G do if u and v have different component labels: if uv is cheaper than the cheapest edge for the component of u then Set uv as the cheapest edge for the component of u if uv is cheaper than the cheapest edge for the component of v then Set uv as the cheapest edge for the component of v for each component whose cheapest edge is not "None" do Add its cheapest edge to F If edges do not have distinct weights, then a consistent tie-breaking rule (e.g. breaking ties by the object identifiers of the edges) can be used.
|
|
Most of the Ruby world is based around mixins via `Modules`. The concept of mixins is implemented in Ruby by the keyword `include` to which we pass the name of the module as parameter. Example: class Student include Comparable # The class Student inherits the Comparable module using the 'include' keyword attr_accessor :name, :score def initialize(name, score) @name = name @score = score end # Including the Comparable module requires the implementing class to define the <=> comparison operator # Here's the comparison operator. We compare 2 student instances based on their scores.
|
|
At installation time – and whenever any of the monitored objects change legitimately – a HIDS must initialize its checksum-database by scanning the relevant objects. Persons in charge of computer security need to control this process tightly in order to prevent intruders making un-authorized changes to the database(s). Such initialization thus generally takes a long time and involves cryptographically locking each monitored object and the checksum databases or worse. Because of this, manufacturers of HIDS usually construct the object-database in such a way that makes frequent updates to the checksum database unnecessary.
|
|
When an object is created, a pointer to this table, called the virtual table pointer, vpointer or VPTR, is added as a hidden member of this object. As such, the compiler must also generate "hidden" code in the constructors of each class to initialize a new object's virtual table pointer to the address of its class's virtual method table. Many compilers place the virtual table pointer as the last member of the object; other compilers place it as the first; portable source code works either way. Danny Kalev.
|
|
The Serial ATA spec requires SATA device hot plugging; that is, devices that meet the specification are capable of insertion or removal of a device into or from a backplane connector (combined signal and power) that has power on. After insertion, the device initializes and then operates normally. Depending upon the operating system, the host may also initialize, resulting in a hot swap. The powered host and device do not need to be in an idle state for safe insertion and removal, although unwritten data may be lost when power is removed.
|
|
The static class definition `LazyHolder` within it is not initialized until the JVM determines that `LazyHolder` must be executed. The static class `LazyHolder` is only executed when the static method `getInstance` is invoked on the class `Something`, and the first time this happens the JVM will load and initialize the `LazyHolder` class. The initialization of the `LazyHolder` class results in static variable `INSTANCE` being initialized by executing the (private) constructor for the outer class `Something`. Since the class initialization phase is guaranteed by the JLS to be sequential, i.e.
|
|
Rosetta@home is a distributed computing project aimed at protein structure prediction and is one of the most accurate tertiary structure predictors. The conformational states from Rosetta's software can be used to initialize a Markov state model as starting points for Folding@home simulations. Conversely, structure prediction algorithms can be improved from thermodynamic and kinetic models and the sampling aspects of protein folding simulations. As Rosetta only tries to predict the final folded state, and not how folding proceeds, Rosetta@home and Folding@home are complementary and address very different molecular questions.
|
|
Pseudo-ops can make the assembly of the program dependent on parameters input by a programmer, so that one program can be assembled in different ways, perhaps for different applications. Or, a pseudo- op can be used to manipulate presentation of a program to make it easier to read and maintain. Another common use of pseudo-ops is to reserve storage areas for run-time data and optionally initialize their contents to known values. Symbolic assemblers let programmers associate arbitrary names (labels or symbols) with memory locations and various constants.
|
|
File systems include utilities to initialize, alter parameters of and remove an instance of the file system. Some include the ability to extend or truncate the space allocated to the file system. Directory utilities may be used to create, rename and delete directory entries, which are also known as dentries (singular: dentry), and to alter metadata associated with a directory. Directory utilities may also include capabilities to create additional links to a directory (hard links in Unix), to rename parent links (".." in Unix-like operating systems), and to create bidirectional links to files.
|
|
While the basic idea of object lifetime is simple – an object is created, used, then destroyed – details vary substantially between languages, and within implementations of a given language, and is intimately tied to how memory management is implemented. Further, many fine distinctions are drawn between the steps, and between language-level concepts and implementation-level concepts. Terminology is relatively standard, but which steps correspond to a given term varies significantly between languages. Terms generally come in antonym pairs, one for a creation concept, one for the corresponding destruction concept, like initialize/finalize or constructor/destructor.
|
|
The FRA categorically deny this allegation, as they are not allowed to initialize any surveillance on their own, and has no direct access to communication lines. All SIGINT has to be authorized by a special court and meet a set of narrow requirements, something Minister for Defence Sten Tolgfors have been quoted as saying, "should render the debate on mass surveillance invalid." Due to the architecture of Internet backbones in the Nordic area, a large portion of Norwegian and Finnish traffic will also be affected by the Swedish wiretapping.
|
|
The major use for hardware random number generators is in the field of data encryption, for example to create random cryptographic keys and nonces needed to encrypt and sign data. They are a more secure alternative to pseudorandom number generators (PRNGs), software programs commonly used in computers to generate "random" numbers. PRNGs use a deterministic algorithm to produce numerical sequences. Although these pseudorandom sequences pass statistical pattern tests for randomness, by knowing the algorithm and the conditions used to initialize it, called the "seed", the output can be predicted.
|
|
By the early 1980s, the U.S. National Center for Atmospheric Research had developed the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM), which can be run by itself or as the atmospheric component of the Community Climate System Model. The latest update (version 3.1) of the standalone CAM was issued on 1 February 2006. In 1986, efforts began to initialize and model soil and vegetation types, resulting in more realistic forecasts. Coupled ocean- atmosphere climate models, such as the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research's HadCM3 model, are being used as inputs for climate change studies.
|
|
Another option for implementing stacks is to use a singly linked list. A stack is then a pointer to the "head" of the list, with perhaps a counter to keep track of the size of the list: structure frame: data : item next : frame or nil structure stack: head : frame or nil size : integer procedure initialize(stk : stack): stk.head ← nil stk.size ← 0 Pushing and popping items happens at the head of the list; overflow is not possible in this implementation (unless memory is exhausted): procedure push(stk : stack, x : item): newhead ← new frame newhead.
|
|
Literals are often used to initialize variables, for example, in the following, 1 is an integer literal and the three letter string in "cat" is a string literal: int a = 1; string s = "cat"; In lexical analysis, literals of a given type are generally a token type, with a grammar rule, like "a string of digits" for an integer literal. Some literals are specific keywords, like `true` for the boolean literal "true". In some object-oriented languages (like ECMAScript), objects can also be represented by literals. Methods of this object can be specified in the object literal using function literals.
|
|
The programmer is free to implement any control or authority protocol for their own application scenario, except for the initialization and destruction events. Indeed, when agents are created, the virtual machine that is executing the emotional software program is in charge of creating the agent instances, and installing the skills associated to the built-in capacities into the agent. Then, when the agent is ready to begin its execution, it fires the Initialize event. When the agent has decided to stop its own execution, the virtual machine fires the Destroy event to enable the agent to release any resource it may still hold.
|
|
Dojo provides a packaging system to facilitate modular development of functionality in individual packages and sub-packages; the base Dojo "bootstrap" script initializes a set of hierarchical package namespaces — "io", "event", etc. — under a root "dojo" namespace. After initialization of the root namespace, any Dojo package can be loaded (via XMLHttpRequest or other similar transport) by using utility functions supplied in the bootstrap. It is also possible to initialize additional namespaces within or parallel to the "dojo" namespace, allowing extensions of Dojo or the development of private Dojo-managed namespaces for third-party libraries and applications.
|
|
The crocodiles eventually make their way to nearby Clear Lake, along with the anacondas. Sheriff Reba calls U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service officer Will "Tully" Tull to help recapture the escaped crocodiles. Meanwhile, a group of college sorority girls from Delta Gamma, led by Tiffani and Amber, and two fraternity boys from Sigma Phi, Brett and Andrew, arrive at Clear Lake to initialize some new members, including Margo and Tully's daughter, Bethany. The crocodiles kill devour sorority girls along with Amber (whom Tiffani pushes towards the crocodiles), Brett, Andrew and Heather (the latter three who were wakeboarding).
|
|
Dönitz put the successes down to the American failure to initialize a blackout along the East Coast of the United States and ship captains' insistence on following peace-time safety procedures. The failure to implement a blackout stemmed from the American government's concern it would affect tourism trade. Dönitz wrote in his memoirs that the lighthouses and buoys "shone forth, though perhaps a little less brightly than usually". By the time improved American air and naval defences had driven German submarines from American shores, 5,000 Allied sailors had been killed for negligible losses in U-Boats.
|
|
They are able to conduct decontamination, gross and technical, on the spot. They have the ability to initialize basic emergency procedures, and act as the command center for authorities in any and all emergency events that require their assistance. Team Information Each team is made up of nine members, seven of which are required to be IFSAC-Certified to the NFPA 472 Hazardous Materials Technician Level; and two of which are required to be IFSAC-Certified to the NFPA 472 Hazardous Materials Operations Level. \- Intermediate Technical Rescue Units: Overview There are 10 Intermediate Technical Rescue Units across the state.
|
|
This code may either initialize the serial port to allow upload of further code to the console, or eject the drive tray and prepare the console to load further code from a specified point on optical media that is then placed in the drive. The latter method involves the readcd binary, made specifically for this cause. The code that readcd executes in this instance is known as XeLL, short for Xenon Linux Loader. XeLL captures CPU threads and launches the Linux kernel from either network (tftp) or optical media as its only purpose, providing a flat device tree for the kernel.
|
|
In 1986, efforts began to initialize and model soil and vegetation types, which led to more realistic forecasts. For example, the Center for Ocean-Land Atmosphere Studies (COLA) model showed a warm temperature bias of 2–4 °C (4–7 °F) and a low precipitation bias due to incorrect parameterization of crop and vegetation type across the central United States. Coupled ocean-atmosphere climate models such as the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research's HadCM3 model are currently being used as inputs for climate change studies. The importance of gravity waves was neglected within these models until the mid-1980s.
|
|
A statement like `w = x = y = z` is called a chained assignment in which the value of `z` is assigned to multiple variables `w, x,` and `y`. Chained assignments are often used to initialize multiple variables, as in `a = b = c = d = f = 0` Not all programming languages support chained assignment. Chained assignments are equivalent to a sequence of assignments, but the evaluation strategy differs between languages. For simple chained assignments, like initializing multiple variables, the evaluation strategy does not matter, but if the targets (l-values) in the assignment are connected in some way, the evaluation strategy affects the result.
|
|
The GMCH could be used to reduce power consumption and extend battery life whereas the NVIDIA chipset would be used when greater graphics processing power was needed. A switch is used to toggle between the graphics options but required the user to preselect the mode to be used before the motherboard could initialize. The Z series has recently replaced the SZ series and does not require a restart of the system to change graphic modes on Windows Vista, which can be done "on the fly". This feature has subsequently been used by other manufacturers, including Apple, Asus and Alienware.
|
|
At that time, the school building construction site was not completed, School was given permission to use one room of Banchang temple as a temporary class to study. At the same time, the people from Aid Unit of U-Tapao Airport cooperated with the syndicate to initialize the first building of the school. After the first school's structure was completed, all teachers and students moved to study at the completed building on January 6, 1976. After that the Ministry of Education of Thailand had allocated a budget to build school buildings for the school onward to present.
|
|
The command was originally implemented in the first version of Unix as a method to initialize either a DECtape (using the "t" argument) or an RK03 disk pack (using the "r" argument). The initialization process would write formatting data to the device so that it contained an empty file system. It created the super-block, i-list, and free list on the storage device and established the root directory with entries for "." and ".." (self and parent, respectively). The RK03 disk packs had 4872 available blocks after initialization, while the tapes had 578 blocks (at 512 bytes/block).
|
|
A random seed (or seed state, or just seed) is a number (or vector) used to initialize a pseudorandom number generator. For a seed to be used in a pseudorandom number generator, it does not need to be random. Because of the nature of number generating algorithms, so long as the original seed is ignored, the rest of the values that the algorithm generates will follow probability distribution in a pseudorandom manner. A pseudorandom number generator's number sequence is completely determined by the seed: thus, if a pseudorandom number generator is reinitialized with the same seed, it will produce the same sequence of numbers.
|
|
The MIL-STD-1760 interface is used as follows with a notional weapon that uses GPS for terminal guidance. Prior to activating any of the store's interface signals, the aircraft will examine the interlock discretes to ensure that the store is attached to the aircraft, thereby preventing the ground crew from being subjected to an electrical shock hazard while servicing the aircraft. The interface will be energized to supply the weapon with electrical power when the air crew determines that hostilities are imminent. The weapon electronics will initialize itself, including running a battery of self tests and starting its MIL-STD-1553 communications interface.
|
|
The computer that is starting the session will then send a "Session Initialize" request which will prompt a "Session Confirm" response. Data is transmitted during an established session by data packets. IEEE 802.2 handles flow control and retransmission of data packets. Because NetBIOS/NetBEUI allows packets to be sent that are larger than the largest packet that could be transmitted on a particular MAC layer, a NetBIOS/NetBEUI packet might have to be transmitted as a sequence of "Data First Middle" packets and a "Data Only Last" packet; packets that do not need to be segmented in that fashion will be sent as a single "Data Only Last" packet.
|
|
The initial state of the atmosphere and/or the numerical weather prediction model configuration are slightly varied to provide a range of possible forecast solutions. The global ensemble prediction systems at MSC and NWS use slightly different, but equally valid methods to initialize and integrate the atmospheric state. By combining the ensembles from both centers into one ensemble, the possible range of future atmospheric states for a given forecast period are better sampled, producing on average, improved estimates of the future atmospheric state and the associated uncertainty. NAEFS collaboration allows the national weather agencies to pool their research resources and make improvements to the ensemble prediction systems more quickly and efficiently.
|
|
Older versions of VBE provide only a real mode interface, which cannot be used without a significant performance penalty from within protected mode operating systems. Consequently, the VBE standard has almost never been used for writing a video card's drivers; each vendor has thus had to invent a proprietary protocol for communicating with its own video card. Despite this, it is common that a driver thunk out to the real mode interrupt in order to initialize screen modes and gain direct access to a card's linear frame buffer, because these tasks would otherwise require handling many hundreds of proprietary variations that exist from card to card.
|
|
The state needed for a Mersenne Twister implementation is an array of n values of w bits each. To initialize the array, a w-bit seed value is used to supply x0 through xn − 1 by setting x0 to the seed value and thereafter setting :xi = f × (xi−1 ⊕ (xi−1 >> (w−2))) + i for i from 1 to n−1. The first value the algorithm then generates is based on xn, not on x0. The constant f forms another parameter to the generator, though not part of the algorithm proper. The value for f for MT19937 is 1812433253 and for MT19937-64 is 6364136223846793005.
|
|
The National Defence Radio Establishment (, FRA) is a Swedish government agency organised under the Ministry of Defence. The two main tasks of FRA are signals intelligence (SIGINT), and support to government authorities and state-owned companies regarding computer security. The FRA is not allowed to initialize any surveillance on their own, and operates purely on assignment from the Government, the Government Offices, the Armed Forces, the Swedish National Police Board and Swedish Security Service (SÄPO). Decisions and oversight regarding information interception is provided by the Defence Intelligence Court and the Defence Intelligence Commission; additional oversight regarding protection of privacy is provided by the Swedish Data Protection Authority.
|
|
Swimmers turning during a front crawl race The front crawl swimmer uses a tumble turn (also known as a flip turn) to reverse directions in minimal time. The swimmer swims close to the wall as quickly as possible. In the swimming position with one arm forward and one arm to the back, the swimmer does not recover one arm, but rather uses the pull/push of the other arm to initialize a somersault with the knees straight to the body. At the end of the somersault the feet are at the wall, and the swimmer is on his or her back with the hands over the head.
|
|
Some downsides to the design include the radiation hazards inherent to nuclear pulse propulsion as well as the limited availability of the antiprotons used to initialize the nuclear fission reaction. Even the small amount required by the ACMF engine is equal to the total antimatter production at the facilities CERN and Fermilab over many years, although these create antimatter only as a byproduct of physics experiments, not as a goal. ICAN-II is similar to the Project Orion design put forth by Stanislaw Ulam in the late 1950s. The Orion was intended to be used to send humans to Mars and Venus by 1968.
|
|
Large amounts of code can be executed to initialize variables every time a scope is entered, especially if the variable is an array or structure. Storage for `AUTOMATIC` variables is freed at block exit: `STATIC, CONTROLLED` or `BASED` variables are used to retain variables' contents between invocations of a procedure or block. `CONTROLLED` storage is also managed using a stack, but the pushing and popping of allocations on the stack is managed by the programmer, using `ALLOCATE` and `FREE` statements. Storage for `BASED` variables is managed using `ALLOCATE/FREE`, but instead of a stack these allocations have independent lifetimes and are addressed through `OFFSET` or `POINTER` variables.
|
|
Rosenbrock search is a numerical optimization algorithm applicable to optimization problems in which the objective function is inexpensive to compute and the derivative either does not exist or cannot be computed efficiently.H. H. Rosenbrock, "An Automatic Method for Finding the Greatest or Least Value of a Function", The Computer Journal (1960) 3(3): 175-184 The idea of Rosenbrock search is also used to initialize some root-finding routines, such as fzero (based on Brent's method) in Matlab. Rosenbrock search is a form of derivative-free search but may perform better on functions with sharp ridges. The method often identifies such a ridge which, in many applications, leads to a solution.
|
|
Here is some Charm++ code for demonstration purposes: ; Header file () class Hello : public CBase_Hello { public: Hello(); // C++ constructor void sayHi(int from); // Remotely invocable "entry method" }; ; Charm++ Interface file () module hello { array [1D] Hello { entry Hello(); entry void sayHi(int); }; }; ; Source file () # include "hello.decl.h" # include "hello.h" extern CProxy_Main mainProxy; extern int numElements; Hello::Hello() { // No member variables to initialize in this simple example } void Hello::sayHi(int from) { // Have this chare object say hello to the user. CkPrintf("Hello from chare # %d on processor %d (told by %d) ", thisIndex, CkMyPe(), from); // Tell the next chare object in this array of chare objects // to also say hello.
|
|
The Egg class could also be defined as below, where color is instead a method. The calling code would still work, unchanged if Egg were to be defined as follows. class Egg def initialize(color) @rgb_color = to_rgb(color) end def color to_color_name(@rgb_color) end def color=(color) @rgb_color = to_rgb(color) end private def to_rgb(color_name) ..... end def to_color_name(color) .... end end Note how even though `color` looks like an attribute in one case and a pair of methods in the next, the interface to the class remains the same. The person maintaining the Egg class can switch from one form to the other without fear of breaking any caller's code.
|
|
In-place Interpolation Tag Sort sorts non-repeating consecutive integer series, only one Boolean data type tag array with the same length as the original array, the array calculates the interpolation of the data from the beginning, and the interpolation points to a new position of the array. Position, the position that has been swapped is marked as true in the corresponding position of the tag array, and is incremented until the end of the array is sorted. Algorithm process: # Set an equal number of tag arrays to initialize to false values. # Visit the array when tag[i] is false, calculate the position corresponding to the interpolation=p.
|
|
Much of the current development effort is to achieve an interconnect, control and readout in the third dimension, with additional lithography layers. The demand of well characterised qubits is fulfilled with (a) qubit non-linearity, accessing only two of the available energy levels and (b) accessing a single qubit at a time, rather than the entire many-qubit system, by per-qubit dedicated control lines and/or frequency separation (tuning out) of the different qubits. # The ability to initialise the state of the qubits to a simple fiducial state. One simple way to initialize a qubit is to wait long enough for the qubit to relax to its energy ground state.
|
|
The Nano-X AP is modeled after the mini-x server written initially by David Bell, which was a reimplementation of X on the MINIX operating system. It loosely follows the X Window System Xlib API, but the names all being with GrXXX() rather than X...(). The basic model of any API on top of Microwindows is to initialize the screen, keyboard and mouse drivers, then hang in a select() loop waiting for an event. When an event occurs, if it is a system event like keyboard or mouse activity, then this information is passed to the user program converted to an expose event, paint message, etc.
|
|
Apple HD SC Setup is a small software utility that was bundled with various versions of the classic Mac OS and A/UX operating systems made by Apple Computer. Introduced with Apple's first SCSI hard drive, the Hard Disk 20SC in September 1986, Apple HD SC Setup can update drivers and partition and initialize hard disks. It was often used when reinstalling the operating system of an Apple Macintosh computer, or to repair corrupt partition information on a SCSI hard disk. Prior to its introduction, the formatting of disks was handled exclusively by the Mac's Finder application, or by third- party formatting utility software customized for a specific disk drive.
|
|
The video BIOS or firmware contains a minimal program for the initial set up and control of the video card. It may contain information on the memory timing, operating speeds and voltages of the graphics processor, RAM, and other details which can sometimes be changed. The modern Video BIOS does not support all the functions of the video card, being only sufficient to identify and initialize the card to display one of a few frame buffer or text display modes. It does not support YUV to RGB translation, video scaling, pixel copying, compositing or any of the multitude of other 2D and 3D features of the video card.
|
|
This small program's only job is to load other data and programs which are then executed from RAM. Often, multiple- stage boot loaders are used, during which several programs of increasing complexity load one after the other in a process of chain loading. Some computer systems, upon receiving a boot signal from a human operator or a peripheral device, may load a very small number of fixed instructions into memory at a specific location, initialize at least one CPU, and then point the CPU to the instructions and start their execution. These instructions typically start an input operation from some peripheral device (which may be switch-selectable by the operator).
|
|
Roll of paper from direct-recording machine, with votes from numerous voters, Martinsburg, West Virginia, 2018 A touch screen displays choices to the voter, who selects choices, and can change her mind as often as needed, before casting the vote. Staff initialize each voter once on the machine, to avoid repeat voting. Voting data and ballot images are recorded in memory components, and can be copied out at the end of the election. The system may also provide a means for communicating with a central location for reporting results and receiving updates,2005 Voluntary Voting System Guidelines from the US Election Assistance Commission which is an access point for hacks and bugs to arrive.
|
|
Nowcasting in meteorology uses surface weather station data, wind profiler data, and any other weather data available to initialize the current weather situation and forecast by extrapolation for a period of 0 to 6 hours. In this time range it is possible to forecast small features such as individual storms with reasonable accuracy. Weather radar echoes and satellite data, giving cloud coverage, are particularly important in nowcasting because they are very detailed and pick out the size, shape, intensity, speed and direction of movement of individual features of weather on a continuous basis and a vastly better resolution than surface weather stations. This used to be a simple extrapolation by a forecaster for the following few hours.
|
|
An excellent overview of the state of the art (in 2008) is given in the proceedings of the two large international workshops on NMPC, by Zheng and Allgower (2000) and by Findeisen, Allgöwer, and Biegler (2006). The numerical solution of the NMPC optimal control problems is typically based on direct optimal control methods using Newton-type optimization schemes, in one of the variants: direct single shooting, direct multiple shooting methods, or direct collocation. NMPC algorithms typically exploit the fact that consecutive optimal control problems are similar to each other. This allows to initialize the Newton-type solution procedure efficiently by a suitably shifted guess from the previously computed optimal solution, saving considerable amounts of computation time.
|
|
The first generation of MA refers to hybrid algorithms, a marriage between a population- based global search (often in the form of an evolutionary algorithm) coupled with a cultural evolutionary stage. This first generation of MA although encompasses characteristics of cultural evolution (in the form of local refinement) in the search cycle, it may not qualify as a true evolving system according to Universal Darwinism, since all the core principles of inheritance/memetic transmission, variation, and selection are missing. This suggests why the term MA stirred up criticisms and controversies among researchers when first introduced. ;Pseudo code: Procedure Memetic Algorithm Initialize: Generate an initial population; while Stopping conditions are not satisfied do Evaluate all individuals in the population.
|
|
In C#, this analysis was formalized by Fruja, and is precise as well as sound, in the sense that all variables assigned along all control flow paths will be considered definitely assigned. The Cyclone language also requires programs to pass a definite assignment analysis, but only on variables with pointer types, to ease porting of C programs. The second way to solve the problem is to automatically initialize all locations to some fixed, predictable value at the point at which they are defined, but this introduces new assignments that may impede performance. In this case, definite assignment analysis enables a compiler optimization where redundant assignments -- assignments followed only by other assignments with no possible intervening reads -- can be eliminated.
|
|
All three SSMEs must reach the required 90% thrust within three seconds; otherwise, an orderly shutdown is commanded and safing functions are initiated. Normal thrust buildup to the required 90% thrust level will result in the SSMEs being commanded to the lift off position at T−3 seconds as well as the fire 1 command being issued to arm the SRBs. At T−3 seconds, the vehicle base bending load modes are allowed to initialize (referred to as the "twang", movement of approximately measured at the tip of the external tank, with movement towards the external tank). The fire 2 commands cause the redundant NSDs to fire through a thin barrier seal down a flame tunnel.
|
|
The signal distribution contract between the PTB and the DCF77 transmitter operator Media Broadcast GmbH is periodically renewed. After negotiations in 2013 the PTB and Media Broadcast GmbH agreed to continue the dissemination of the German national legal time for the next 8 years. The PTB expressed it will initialize new negotiations if modernization activities at the transmitting station to improve the signal reception reliability throughout Europe by increasing the transmission power before 2021 are deemed necessary. The call sign DCF77 stands for D = Deutschland (Germany), C = long wave signal, F = the longwave transmitters on the premises of the transmitting station Mainflingen (due to its vicinity to Frankfurt am Main), 77 = frequency: 77.5 kHz.
|
|
Pseudocode for a stochastic gradient descent algorithm for training a three-layer network (one hidden layer): initialize network weights (often small random values) do for each training example named ex do prediction = _neural-net-output_ (network, ex) // forward pass actual = _teacher-output_ (ex) compute error (prediction - actual) at the output units // backward pass // backward pass continued update network weights // input layer not modified by error estimate until error rate becomes acceptably low return the network The lines labeled "backward pass" can be implemented using the backpropagation algorithm, which calculates the gradient of the error of the network regarding the network's modifiable weights.Werbos, Paul J. (1994). The Roots of Backpropagation. From Ordered Derivatives to Neural Networks and Political Forecasting.
|
|
C++03 inherited the initializer-list feature from C. A struct or array is given a list of arguments in braces, in the order of the members' definitions in the struct. These initializer-lists are recursive, so an array of structs or struct containing other structs can use them. struct Object { float first; int second; }; Object scalar = {0.43f, 10}; //One Object, with first=0.43f and second=10 Object anArray[] = {{13.4f, 3}, {43.28f, 29}, {5.934f, 17}}; //An array of three Objects This is very useful for static lists, or initializing a struct to some value. C++ also provides constructors to initialize an object, but they are often not as convenient as the initializer list.
|
|
Roll of paper from direct-recording machine, with votes from numerous voters, Martinsburg, West Virginia, 2018 A touch screen displays choices to the voter, who selects choices, and can change her mind as often as needed, before casting the vote. Staff initialize each voter once on the machine, to avoid repeat voting. Voting data and ballot images are recorded in memory components, and can be copied out at the end of the election. The system may also provide a means for communicating with a central location for reporting results and receiving updates,2005 Voluntary Voting System Guidelines from the US Election Assistance Commission which is an access point for hacks and bugs to arrive.
|
|
IonQ’s hardware is based on a trapped ion architecture, from technology that Monroe developed at the University of Maryland, and that Kim developed at Duke. In November 2017, IonQ presented a paper at the IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing describing their technology strategy and current progress. It outlines using a microfabricated ion trap and several optical and acousto-optical systems to cool, initialize, and calculate. They also describe a cloud API, custom language bindings, and quantum computing simulators that take advantage of their trapped ion system's complete connectivity IonQ and some experts claim that trapped ions could provide a number of benefits over other physical qubit types in several measures, such as accuracy, scalability, predictability, and coherence time.
|
|
Being an odd value, its appearance may reflect an erroneous (misaligned) memory address. Such a value may also be used as a sentinel value to initialize newly allocated memory for debugging purposes. In 2004, 800 aircraft over Los Angeles were put in danger when the LA Air Route Traffic Control Center lost radio contact with all of the aircraft for about three hours, delaying 400 flights and cancelling 600, due to a computer design that kept time by starting at 4,294,967.295 seconds and counting down to zero, or 49 days, 17 hours, 2 minutes and 47.295 seconds. Some people were aware of this issue and the system needed to be restarted at least every 30 days.
|
|
To initialize an array a of n elements to a randomly shuffled copy of source, both 0-based: for i from 0 to n − 1 do j ← random integer such that 0 ≤ j ≤ i if j ≠ i a[i] ← a[j] a[j] ← source[i] The inside-out shuffle can be seen to be correct by induction. Assuming a perfect random number generator, every one of the n! different sequences of random numbers that could be obtained from the calls of random will produce a different permutation of the values, so all of these are obtained exactly once. The condition that checks if j ≠ i may be omitted in languages that have no problems accessing uninitialized array values.
|
|
An array can be used to implement a (bounded) stack, as follows. The first element, usually at the zero offset, is the bottom, resulting in `array[0]` being the first element pushed onto the stack and the last element popped off. The program must keep track of the size (length) of the stack, using a variable top that records the number of items pushed so far, therefore pointing to the place in the array where the next element is to be inserted (assuming a zero-based index convention). Thus, the stack itself can be effectively implemented as a three-element structure: structure stack: maxsize : integer top : integer items : array of item procedure initialize(stk : stack, size : integer): stk.
|
|
Intel Macs can boot in two ways: directly via EFI, or in a "legacy" BIOS compatibility mode. For multibooting, holding down "Option" gives a choice of bootable devices, while the rEFInd bootloader is commonly used for added configurability. Standard Live USBs cannot be used on Intel Macs; the EFI firmware can recognize and boot from USB drives, but it can only do this in EFI mode–when the firmware switches to BIOS mode, it no longer recognizes USB drives, due to lack of a BIOS-mode USB driver. Many operating systems, such as earlier versions of Windows and Linux,Note, Linux and X.org rely on BIOS mode to initialize the video hardware, and hence under EFI-booting, Linux and X do not have hardware accelerated video.
|
|
Although the model could easily recover from any type of initialization, for example by choosing a set of random values, it is convenient to get an accurate background estimate as soon as possible. Ideally a segmentation algorithm would like to be able to segment the video sequences starting from the second frame, the first frame being used to initialize the model. Since no temporal information is available prior to the second frame, ViBe populates the pixel models with values found in the spatial neighborhood of each pixel; more precisely, it initializes the background model with values taken randomly in each pixel neighborhood of the first frame. The background estimate is therefore valid starting from the second frame of a video sequence.
|
|
Faroudja Video Optimized is a calibration and logo branding program available to TV and Set-Top Box manufacturers who use STMicroelectronics system-on-chip (SoC) solutions with integrated Faroudja video processing algorithms. The program helps properly initialize the video signal processing and optimize the LCD panel to produce an accurate picture. The program includes programming and calibration tools. Calibration steps include adjusting contrast, brightness, gamma levels, color temperature, sharpness, noise reduction filters and backlight levels, as well as Faroudja Adaptive Contrast Control (ACC2) and Active Color Management (ACM3D), to insure extended dynamic range and accuracy in shadow details, as well as natural tone (color quality). The calibrated settings are stored in a video mode called “Faroudja Movie”, optimized for high-end TVs and Blu-ray HD sources.
|
|
This server will then supply the bot with a zip file containing a number of files required by the bot to start its spamming business. The following files have been identified to be downloaded: # `000_data2` \- mail server domains # `001_ncommall` \- list of names # `002_senderna` \- list of possible sender names # `003_sendersu` \- list of possible sender surnames # `config` \- Main spam configuration file # `message` \- HTML message to spam # `mlist` \- Recipients mail addresses # `mxdata` \- MX record data When these files have been received, the bot will first initialize a software routine which allows it to remove files critical for revealing spam and rootkit applications. After this procedure is done, the trojan will then start sending out the spam message it has received from the control server.
|
|
They have the ability to provide O2, cascade systems, and electrical power to other units. They have the ability to initialize basic emergency procedures, and act as the command center for authorities in any and all emergency events that require their assistance. Team Information Each team is made up of nine members - each of which has to be trained to IFSAC-Certified to NFPA 472 Hazardous Materials Operations level; to NFPA 1670 Structural Collapse Operations level; and in Ropes Rescue I & II, Trench Rescue, Confined Space, and Vehicle and Machinery Extrication Operations. \- Logistical Support Response Unit: Overview There is only one Logistical Support Response Unit and it is located at the Oklahoma State University Fire Service Training in outside Stillwater.
|
|
A general disadvantage of ring counters is that they are lower density codes than normal binary encodings of state numbers. A binary counter can represent 2^N states, where N is the number of bits in the code, whereas a straight ring counter can represent only N states and a Johnson counter can represent only 2N states. This may be an important consideration in hardware implementations where registers are more expensive than combinational logic. Johnson counters are sometimes favored, because they offer twice as many count states from the same number of shift registers, and because they are able to self-initialize from the all-zeros state, without requiring the first count bit to be injected externally at start-up.
|
|
Introduced in 1985, Gbcast was the first widely deployed reliable multicast protocol to implement state machine replication with dynamically reconfigurable membership. Although this problem had been treated theoretically under various models in prior work, Gbcast innovated by showing that the same multicasts used to update replicated data within the state machine can also be used to dynamically reconfigure the group membership, which can then evolve to permit members to join and leave at will, in addition to being removed upon failure. This functionality, together with a state transfer mechanism used to initialize joining members, represents the basis of the virtual synchrony process group execution model. The term state machine replication was first suggested by Leslie Lamport and was widely adopted after publication of a survey paper written by Fred B. Schneider.
|
|
This program will take a user input, and count down to zero. INP OUT // Initialize output LOOP BRZ QUIT // If the accumulator value is 0, jump to the memory address labeled QUIT SUB ONE // Label this memory address as LOOP, The instruction will then subtract the value stored at address ONE from the accumulator OUT BRA LOOP // Jump (unconditionally) to the memory address labeled LOOP QUIT HLT // Label this memory address as QUIT ONE DAT 1 // Store the value 1 in this memory address, and label it ONE (variable declaration) This program will take a user input, square it, output the answer and then repeat. Entering a zero will end the program. (Note: an input that results in an output greater than 999 will cause an error due to the LMC 3 digit number limit).
|
|
In a nutshell, the objective is to find a proper projection method, that maps data from high feature space to low feature space. One milestone paper on the subject was that of Geoffrey Hinton with his publication in Science Magazine in 2006: in that study, he pretrained a multi- layer autoencoder with a stack of RBMs and then used their weights to initialize a deep autoencoder with gradually smaller hidden layers until a bottleneck of 30 neurons. The resulting 30 dimensions of the code yielded a smaller reconstruction error compared to the first 30 principal components of a PCA, and learned a representation that was qualitatively easier to interpret, clearly separating clusters in the original data. Representing data in a lower-dimensional space can improve performance on different tasks, such as classification.
|
|
If a literal with the most information gain in an iteration of FOCL is non- operational, it is operationalized and its definition is added to the clause under construction. :Inputs Literal to be operationalized, List of positive examples, List of negative examples :Output Literal in operational form :Operationalize(Literal, Positive examples, Negative examples) ::If Literal is operational :::Return Literal ::Initialize OperationalLiterals to the empty set ::For each clause in the definition of Literal :::Compute information gain of the clause over Positive examples and Negative examples ::For the clause with the maximum gain :::For each literal L in the clause ::::Add Operationalize(L, Positive examples, Negative examples) to OperationalLiterals An operational rule might be the literal lessThan(X,Y); a non-operational rule might be between(X,Y,Z) ← lessThan(X,Y), lessThan(Y,Z).
|
|
"The New Entrepreneurs," Electronic Engineering Times, July 19, 1982 Under initial contracts from Sandia National Labs, Simulaser produced standard MILES replacement laser transmitters and man-worn detector systems as well as "Advanced MILES" devices that incorporated player identification and scoring systems. These Advanced MILES systems made use of the CMOS 146800-series embedded controllers that had just become available at that time. The systems interleaved unique player identification codes within the weapon code bits transmitted by the laser, which were then stored by the receiver system of any player that was hit."Laser Battlefield Simulation Reaches New Levels of Sophistication", Military Electronics/Countermeasures, February 1983 Those systems utilized a controller gun to initialize each player, thus preventing players from "resurrecting" themselves by re-inserting the yellow weapon key.
|
|
Algebraic specification seeks to systematically develop more efficient programs by: # formally defining types of data, and mathematical operations on those data types # abstracting implementation details, such as the size of representations (in memory) and the efficiency of obtaining outcome of computations # formalizing the computations and operations on data types # allowing for automation by formally restricting operations to this limited set of behaviors and data types. An algebraic specification achieves these goals by defining one or more data types, and specifying a collection of functions that operate on those data types. These functions can be divided into two classes: # constructor functions: functions that create or initialize the data elements, or construct complex elements from simpler ones # additional functions: functions that operate on the data types, and are defined in terms of the constructor functions.
|
|
In modernization of the university toward digital-based university in the future, IT Center was established in 2002 and be directly supervised by president of NUOL. The IT Center of NUOL is upgraded its roles to 1/ Develop and Manage the ICT infrastructure in the whole university, 2/ Develop ICT human resource toward "ICT based society", 3/ Supporting and Doing research in the field of Computer Science and ICT, and 4/ to provide academic services. For strengthen the ICT system in line with the University ICT Development Plan, initialize in the academic year 2004-2005, ICT infrastructure had been supported by Sida-SAREC in 2005-2010. The ICT Development plan of university is adjusted or improved almost every year in order to catch up with the change of the technology.
|
|
H = { n0 } // Initialize work list while H is not empty remove next h from H create the interval I(h) I(h) += { h } while ∃n ∈ { succ(I(h)) — I(h) } such that pred(n) ⊆ I(h) I(h) += { n } while ∃n ∈ N such that n ∉ I(h) and // find next headers ∃m ∈ pred(n) such that m ∈ I(h) H += n The algorithm effectively partitions the graph into its intervals. Each interval can in turn be replaced with a single node, while all edges between nodes in different intervals in the original graph become edges between their corresponding nodes in the new graph. This new graph is called an interval derived graph. The process of creating derived graphs can be repeated until the resulting graph can't be reduced further.
|
|
Let minL be a pointer that points to the minimum element in the doubly linked list L, c_{x_0} be the minimum element stored in the 2–4 tree, T, k be the number of elements stored in T, and n be the total number of elements stored in queap Q. The operations are as follows: New(Q): Initializes a new empty queap. : Initialize an empty doubly linked list L and 2–4 tree T. Set k and n to zero. Insert(Q, x): Add the element x to queap Q. : Insert the element x in list L. Set the bit in element x to one to demonstrate that the element is in the list L. Update the minL pointer if x is the smallest element in the list. Increment n by 1.
|
|
In "Fry and the Slurm Factory" the F-ray exam shows that Bender's head contains a device clearly marked "6502" (a designation for MOS Technology 6502, an eight-bit microprocessor used in the original Apple Computer). In "Roswell that Ends Well", Fry's grandfather reaches deep inside Bender's head and retrieves a handful of circuit boards and microchips, to which Bender protests by exclaiming, "Hey, that's my brain!". Bender's hardware is controlled by a factory-loaded operating system, which reboots upon incidental shutdown and automatically adjusts its settings to the environment detected at the time of rebooting. For example, in "The Birdbot of Ice-Catraz", when Bender reboots, his visual sensors detect a colony of penguins, prompting his boot loader to re-initialize him with penguin-like behavior and language.
|
|
As violence escalates quickly between the distressed abductees and the flight crew, with one passenger accidentally being ejected into space during a physical altercation, Crowell eventually manages to convince the Empyrian that the operation is doomed to failure; he explains that it is against human nature to expect someone to freely accept their shortcomings and admit their failures. Instead, he advises him to seek help directly from Earth's governments and scientists, in order to initialize a proper collaboration for the sake of each individual, by asking for volunteers to accompany them to Tythra - he assures the alien that he would probably have a whole ship full of people willing to receive a second chance at life. Approving of Crowell's choice, the Empyrian states that "he trusts his judgment", and reverses the course of the ship to return the reluctant abductees back to Earth.
|
|
The data link layer performs three vital services for the PCIe express link: # sequence the transaction layer packets (TLPs) that are generated by the transaction layer, # ensure reliable delivery of TLPs between two endpoints via an acknowledgement protocol (ACK and NAK signaling) that explicitly requires replay of unacknowledged/bad TLPs, # initialize and manage flow control credits On the transmit side, the data link layer generates an incrementing sequence number for each outgoing TLP. It serves as a unique identification tag for each transmitted TLP, and is inserted into the header of the outgoing TLP. A 32-bit cyclic redundancy check code (known in this context as Link CRC or LCRC) is also appended to the end of each outgoing TLP. On the receive side, the received TLP's LCRC and sequence number are both validated in the link layer.
|
|
The Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) was an atmospheric prediction system that consisted primarily of a numerical forecast model and an analysis system to initialize the model.Graphical 12-hour forecast output from RUC2 The RUC was designed to provide accurate short-range (0- to 12-hr, later expanded to 18-hr in 2010) numerical forecast guidance for weather-sensitive users, such as those in the aviation community. Significant weather forecasting problems that occur in the 0- to 12-hr range include severe weather in all seasons (for example, tornadoes, thunderstorms, snow, and ice storms) and hazards to aviation (for example, clear air turbulence, icing, and downbursts). The RUC ran at the highest frequency of any forecast model at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), assimilating recent observations to provide very high frequency updates of current conditions and short-range forecasts.
|
|
This allows using them for efficient if-then- else analyses of different alternatives, in particular when the necessary data to initialize the simulation can easily be obtained from operational data. This use of simulation adds decision support simulation systems to the tool box of traditional decision support systems. #Simulations allow setting up a coherent synthetic environment that allows for integration of simulated systems in the early analysis phase via mixed virtual systems with first prototypical components to a virtual test environment for the final system. If managed correctly, the environment can be migrated from the development and test domain to the training and education domain in follow-on life cycle phases for the systems (including the option to train and optimize a virtual twin of the real system under realistic constraints even before first components are being built).
|
|
Loading screens that disguise the length of time that a program takes to load were common when computer games were loaded from cassette tape, a process which could take five minutes or more.Loading Screens essay by Ste Pickford Nowadays, most games are downloaded digitally, and therefore loaded off the hard drive meaning faster load times, however, some games are also loaded off of an optical disc, faster than previous magnetic media, but still include loading screens to disguise the amount of time taken to initialize the game in RAM. Because the loading screen data itself needs to be read from the media, it actually increases the overall loading time. For example, with a ZX Spectrum game, the screen data takes up 6 kilobytes, representing an increase in loading time of about 13% over the same game without a loading screen.
|
|
The following would be valid copy constructors for class `X`: X(const X& copy_from_me); X(X& copy_from_me); X(volatile X& copy_from_me); X(const volatile X& copy_from_me); X(X& copy_from_me, int = 0); X(const X& copy_from_me, double = 1.0, int = 42); ... The first one should be used unless there is a good reason to use one of the others. One of the differences between the first and the second is that temporaries can be copied with the first. For example: X a = X(); // valid given X(const X& copy_from_me) but not valid given X(X& copy_from_me) // because the second wants a non-const X& // to create a, the compiler first creates a temporary by invoking the default constructor // of X, then uses the copy constructor to initialize as a copy of that temporary. // Temporary objects created during program execution are always of const type.
|
|
Reaching definition is usually calculated using an iterative worklist algorithm. Input: control flow graph CFG = (Nodes, Edges, Entry, Exit) // Initialize for all CFG nodes n in N, OUT[n] = emptyset; // can optimize by OUT[n] = GEN[n]; // put all nodes into the changed set // N is all nodes in graph, Changed = N; // Iterate while (Changed != emptyset) { choose a node n in Changed; // remove it from the changed set Changed = Changed -{ n }; // init IN[n] to be empty IN[n] = emptyset; // calculate IN[n] from predecessors' OUT[p] for all nodes p in predecessors(n) IN[n] = IN[n] Union OUT[p]; oldout = OUT[n]; // save old OUT[n] // update OUT[n] using transfer function f_n () OUT[n] = GEN[n] Union (IN[n] -KILL[n]); // any change to OUT[n] compared to previous value? if (OUT[n] changed) // compare oldout vs.
|
|
On the other hand, a computer may be programmed to do this with just a few simple instructions. The following example is written in the MIPS assembly language: begin: addi $8, $0, 0 # initialize sum to 0 addi $9, $0, 1 # set first number to add = 1 loop: slti $10, $9, 1000 # check if the number is less than 1000 beq $10, $0, finish # if odd number is greater than n then exit add $8, $8, $9 # update sum addi $9, $9, 1 # get next number j loop # repeat the summing process finish: add $2, $8, $0 # put sum in output register Once told to run this program, the computer will perform the repetitive addition task without further human intervention. It will almost never make a mistake and a modern PC can complete the task in a fraction of a second.
|
|
A hex dump of FreeBSD's boot0 MBR Award Software BIOS from 2000 during booting Upon starting, an IBM-compatible personal computer's x86 CPU executes, in real mode, the instruction located at reset vector (the physical memory address on 16-bit x86 processors and on 32-bit and 64-bit x86 processors), usually pointing to the firmware (UEFI or BIOS) entry point inside the ROM. This memory location typically contains a jump instruction that transfers execution to the location of the firmware (UEFI or BIOS) start- up program. This program runs a power-on self-test (POST) to check and initialize required devices such as DRAM and the PCI bus (including running embedded ROMs). The most complicated step is setting up DRAM over SPI, made more difficult by the fact that at this point memory is very limited.
|
|
Starting with Release 3.0, Lotus no longer used copy protection. However, it was then necessary to "initialize" the System disk with one's name and company name so as to customize the copy of the program. Release 2.2 and higher had this requirement. This was an irreversible process unless one had made an exact copy of the original disk so as to be able to change names to transfer the program to someone else. The reliance on the specific hardware of the IBM PC led to 1-2-3 being utilized as one of the two stress test applications, along with Microsoft Flight Simulator, for true 100% compatibility when PC clones appeared in the early 1980s. 1-2-3 required two disk drives and at least 192K of memory, which made it incompatible with the IBM PCjr; Lotus produced a version for the PCjr that was on two cartridges but otherwise identical.
|
|
A priority queue is a data structure for maintaining a collection of items with numerical priorities, having operations for finding and removing the item with the minimum priority value. Comparison- based priority queues such as the binary heap take logarithmic time per update, but other structures such as the van Emde Boas tree or bucket queue may be faster for inputs whose priorities are small integers. These data structures can be used in the selection sort algorithm, which sorts a collection of elements by repeatedly finding and removing the smallest element from the collection, and returning the elements in the order they were found. A priority queue can be used to maintain the collection of elements in this algorithm, and the time for this algorithm on a collection of elements can be bounded by the time to initialize the priority queue and then to perform find and remove operations.
|
|
AdaBoost can be used for face detection as an example of binary categorization. The two categories are faces versus background. The general algorithm is as follows: #Form a large set of simple features #Initialize weights for training images #For T rounds ##Normalize the weights ##For available features from the set, train a classifier using a single feature and evaluate the training error ##Choose the classifier with the lowest error ##Update the weights of the training images: increase if classified wrongly by this classifier, decrease if correctly #Form the final strong classifier as the linear combination of the T classifiers (coefficient larger if training error is small) After boosting, a classifier constructed from 200 features could yield a 95% detection rate under a 10^{-5} false positive rate.P. Viola, M. Jones, "Robust Real-time Object Detection", 2001 Another application of boosting for binary categorization is a system that detects pedestrians using patterns of motion and appearance.
|
|
BIOS interrupt calls are a facility that operating systems and application programs use to invoke the facilities of the Basic Input/Output System software on IBM PC compatible computers. Traditionally, BIOS calls are mainly used by DOS programs and some other software such as boot loaders (including, mostly historically, relatively simple application software that boots directly and runs without an operating system--especially game software). BIOS only runs in the real address mode (Real Mode) of the x86 CPU, so programs that call BIOS either must also run in real mode or must switch from protected mode to real mode before calling BIOS and then switching back again. For this reason, modern operating systems that use the CPU in Protected Mode or Long mode generally do not use the BIOS to support system functions, although some of them use the BIOS to probe and initialize hardware resources during their early stages of booting.
|
|
The clear morphological evidence of the new material initialize the finalization of the understanding of the radiation of the Sphenacomorpha,Osborn, H. F.: The reptilian subclasses Diapsida and Synapsida and the early history of the Diaptosauria, Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History, 1, 449–507, 1903 and the evolution of that led to the emergence of mammal. So based on the information, it was concluded that basal Sphenacomorphs came from a generalist form with a great potential for adaptions. However, the understanding of Ianthodon and basal Sphenacodonts are still relatively limited by the number of the specimen available for study and further excavation of Garnett fauna is required, despite the present evidence suggests that Ianthodon represents the primitive condition of sphenacodont evolution,Reisz, R. R., Berman, D. S., and Scott, D.: The cranial anatomy and relationships of Secodontosaurus, an unusual mammal-like reptile (Synapsida: Sphenacodontidae) from the early Permian of Texas, Zool. J. Linn. Soc.-Lond.
|
|
UML class diagram The decorator pattern can be used to extend (decorate) the functionality of a certain object statically, or in some cases at run-time, independently of other instances of the same class, provided some groundwork is done at design time. This is achieved by designing a new Decorator class that wraps the original class. This wrapping could be achieved by the following sequence of steps: # Subclass the original Component class into a Decorator class (see UML diagram); # In the Decorator class, add a Component pointer as a field; # In the Decorator class, pass a Component to the Decorator constructor to initialize the Component pointer; # In the Decorator class, forward all Component methods to the Component pointer; and # In the ConcreteDecorator class, override any Component method(s) whose behavior needs to be modified. This pattern is designed so that multiple decorators can be stacked on top of each other, each time adding a new functionality to the overridden method(s).
|
|
Each fiducial mark is considered as a potential QRS. To reduce the possibility of wrongly selecting a noise peak as a QRS, each peak amplitude is compared to a threshold (ThresholdI) that takes into account the available information about already detected QRS and the noise level: Threshold_I= NoiseLevel_I + 0.25 (SignalLevel_I - NoiseLevel_I) where NoiseLevelI is the running estimate of the noise level in the integrated signal and SignalLevelI is the running estimate of the signal level in the integrated signal. The threshold is automatically updated after detecting a new peak, based on its classification as signal or noise peak: SignalLevel_I = 0.125 PEAK_I + 0.875 SignalLevel_I (if PEAKI is a signal peak) NoiseLevel_I = 0.125 PEAK_I + 0.875 NoiseLevel_I (if PEAKI is a noise peak) where PEAKI is the new peak found in the integrated signal. At the beginning of the QRS detection, a 2 seconds learning phase is needed to initialize SignalLevelI and NoiseLevelI as a percentage of the maximum and average amplitude of the integrated signal, respectively.
|
|
Besides a range of commands to initialize, position and move sprites (or Movable Object Blocks as Commodore called them; hardware-supported graphic elements that could move freely on the screen independently of other graphics and text on the screen), Super Expander had a built in tool to edit the pattern of 8 sprites (called upon with the SPRDEF command), either in high-res (24 × 21 pixels) or multicolor (12 wide × 21 pixels) mode. There was even a way of implementing "interrupts" in the BASIC program if two sprites collided, if a sprite collided with other graphics and/or text on the screen, or if an attached light pen was activated. A COLINT command set up the interrupt, pointing to the beginning BASIC line number of the "interrupt handler", which had to end in a RETURN statement (part of standard, unexpanded BASIC) in order to transfer control back to the interrupted, "mainline" part of the program.
|
|
Heninger is known for her work on freezing powered- down security devices to slow their fading memories and allow their secrets to be recovered via a cold boot attack, for her discovery that weak keys for the RSA cryptosystem are in widespread use by internet routers and other embedded devices, for her research on how failures of forward secrecy in bad implementations of the Diffie–Hellman key exchange may have allowed the National Security Agency to decrypt large amounts of internet traffic via the Logjam vulnerability, and for the DROWN attack, which uses servers supporting old and weak cryptography to decrypt traffic from modern clients to modern servers. Heninger's other research contributions include a variant of the RSA cryptosystem that would be secure against quantum computers, an attack on implementations of the ANSI X9.31 cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator that use hard-coded seed keys to initialize the generator, and the discovery of a side-channel attack against some versions of the libgcrypt cryptography library.
|
|
The three functions `Low()`, `High()` and `Length()` would still retrieve lower bound, upper bound and array length correctly. Example: type TIntArray = array of Integer; T2DimIntArray = array of array of Integer; var a : TIntArray; a2 : T2DimIntArray; i,j: Integer; begin SetLength(a,10); // allocate 10 storage for i := Low(a) to High(a) do ... // do something with a[i] SetLength(a2,10,10); // allocate 10 x 10 storage for i := Low(a2) to High(a2) do for j := Low(a2[i]) to High(a2[i]) do ... // do something with a[i,j] end; Assignment between dynamic arrays copies the reference of the source array to the destination. If a real copy is required, one can use the `Copy` function. Example: type TIntegerArray = array of Integer; var a,b: TIntegerArray; begin ... // initialize a and b a := b; // a now points to the same array pointed by b a[1] := 0; // b[1] should be 0 as well after this a := Copy(b,3,5); // Copy 5 elements from b starting from index 3 // a would access it from 0 to 4 however end.
|
|
The main objective of BIOMASS is to measure forest biomass in order to assess terrestrial carbon stocks and fluxes and better understand the planet's carbon cycle. The Biomass mission will explore Earth's surface at the P-band wavelength, the first time this technique is used from orbit. This will allow it to provide accurate maps of tropical, temperate and boreal forest biomass that are not obtainable by ground measurement techniques. The amount of biomass and forest height will be measured at a resolution of 200 m, and forest disturbances such as clear-cutting at a resolution of 50 m. Its stated objectives are: # Reduce the large uncertainties in the carbon flux due to changes in land use # Provide scientific support for international treaties, agreements and programs such as the UN’s REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries) program # Improve understanding and predictions of landscape-scale carbon dynamics # Provide observations to initialize and test the land element of Earth system models # Provide key information for forest resources management and ecosystem services.
|
|
The use of a triple application is considered a rule of thumb technique, rather than one based on theoretical foundations and has often been over-emphasized by practitioners. \- Suppose we have a sequence of observations x_t, beginning at time t=0 with a cycle of seasonal change of length L. The method calculates a trend line for the data as well as seasonal indices that weight the values in the trend line based on where that time point falls in the cycle of length L. Let s_t represent the smoothed value of the constant part for time t, b_t is the sequence of best estimates of the linear trend that are superimposed on the seasonal changes, and c_t is the sequence of seasonal correction factors. We wish to estimate c_t at every time tmod L in the cycle that the observations take on. As a rule of thumb, a minimum of two full seasons (or 2L periods) of historical data is needed to initialize a set of seasonal factors.
|
|
Matches of size less than N are instead found by simply looking at the corresponding hash table, which either contains the latest such match, if any, or a string that hashes to the same value; in the latter case, the encoder won't be able to find the match. This issue is mitigated by the fact that for distant short matches using multiple literals might require less bits, and having hash conflicts in nearby strings is relatively unlikely; using larger hash tables or even direct lookup tables can reduce the problem at the cost of higher cache miss rate and thus lower performance. Note that all matches need to be validated to check that the actual bytes match currently at that specific dictionary position match, since the hashing mechanism only guarantees that at some past time there were characters hashing to the hash table bucket index (some implementations may not even guarantee that, because they don't initialize the data structures). LZMA uses Markov chains, as implied by "M" in its name.
|
|
Fire controlman (abbreviated as FC) is a United States Navy occupational rating. Fire controlmen provide system employment recommendations; perform organizational and intermediate maintenance on digital computer equipment, subsystems, and systems; operate and maintain combat and weapons direction systems, surface-to-air and surface-to-surface missile systems, and gun fire control systems at the organizational and intermediate level; inspect, test, align, and repair micro/minicomputers and associated peripheral equipment, data conversion units, data display equipment, data link terminal equipment, print devices, and system related equipment; make analysis for detailed systems, computer programs, electronics, and electronic casualty control; and operate associated built-in and external test equipment; load, initialize, and run preprogrammed diagnostic, performance and testing routines for digital computer equipment, digital subsystems, digital systems, and overall combat systems. Fire controlmen attend apprentice technical training and "A"-School at Naval Station Great Lakes; this course is roughly 8 months long followed then by a "C"-school, based on one of the systems described below, which vary in length from 4 months to 8 months. FCs typically operate weapon systems on- board surface combatant ships.
|
|
According to the law (SFS 2008:717), SIGINT is only permitted in order to assess: # external military threats to the country, # conditions for Swedish participation in peace support operations and international humanitarian efforts or any threat to the security of national interests in the implementation of such efforts, # strategic matters regarding international terrorism or other serious transnational crime that could threaten important national interests, # development and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, military equipment and items referred to in the law on the control of dual-use items and technical assistance, # serious external threats to the public infrastructure, # conflicts abroad with ramifications for international security, # foreign intelligence operations against national interests, or # a foreign powers actions or intentions of vital importance to Swedish foreign policy or security and defence policy. The FRA is not allowed to initialize any surveillance on their own, and only gets access to communication lines as decided by The Defence Intelligence Court. Communications service providers are legally required, under confidentiality, to transfer cable communications crossing Swedish borders to specific "interaction points", where data may be accessed after a court order. The number of companies affected by the legislation was estimated as "being limited (approximately ten)".
|
|
The general procedure of an EDA is outlined in the following: t := 0 initialize model M(0) to represent uniform distribution over admissible solutions while (termination criteria not met) do P := generate N>0 candidate solutions by sampling M(t) F := evaluate all candidate solutions in P M(t + 1) := adjust_model(P, F, M(t)) t := t + 1 Using explicit probabilistic models in optimization allowed EDAs to feasibly solve optimization problems that were notoriously difficult for most conventional evolutionary algorithms and traditional optimization techniques, such as problems with high levels of epistasis. Nonetheless, the advantage of EDAs is also that these algorithms provide an optimization practitioner with a series of probabilistic models that reveal a lot of information about the problem being solved. This information can in turn be used to design problem-specific neighborhood operators for local search, to bias future runs of EDAs on a similar problem, or to create an efficient computational model of the problem. For example, if the population is represented by bit strings of length 4, the EDA can represent the population of promising solution using a single vector of four probabilities (p1, p2, p3, p4) where each component of p defines the probability of that position being a 1.
|
|
For each position j in the text T, and each position i in the pattern P, go through all substrings of T ending at position j, and determine which one of them has the minimal edit distance to the i first characters of the pattern P. Write this minimal distance as E(i, j). After computing E(i, j) for all i and j, we can easily find a solution to the original problem: it is the substring for which E(m, j) is minimal (m being the length of the pattern P.) Computing E(m, j) is very similar to computing the edit distance between two strings. In fact, we can use the Levenshtein distance computing algorithm for E(m, j), the only difference being that we must initialize the first row with zeros, and save the path of computation, that is, whether we used E(i − 1,j), E(i,j − 1) or E(i − 1,j − 1) in computing E(i, j). In the array containing the E(x, y) values, we then choose the minimal value in the last row, let it be E(x2, y2), and follow the path of computation backwards, back to the row number 0.
|
|