They were also given tips on how to formalise a business.
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Maths was needed to formalise most of the ideas in our briefs.
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Economists have always struggled to formalise the allegation that China manipulates the yuan.
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Talks on how - and whether - to formalise their cooperation will start later this week.
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The purpose of the constitutional changes, they say, is to formalise one-man rule.
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The new rules "formalise what we now do informally", enthuses a São Paulo caterer.
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The meeting in Vienna included a charter to formalise OPEC's partnerships with non-members.
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That is why Narendra Modi, the prime minister, has set out to formalise the economy.
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Meanwhile, universities in the fledgling United States were trying to formalise their own mob football rules.
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He recalls telling Mr López Obrador in 1996 about the importance of electoral reforms to formalise democracy.
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ITALY'S SALVINI SAYS HE TOLD PM CONTE THAT IT IS NECESSARY TO FORMALISE THE CRISIS IN PARLIAMENT
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But talks with pilot unions to formalise union recognition and improved terms have stalled in recent weeks.
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OPEC+ OIL PRODUCERS EXPECTED TO FORMALISE DEEPER CUTS OF 1.5 MLN BARRELS PER DAY THIS WEEK -JPMORGAN
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Darty has said it was considering Conforama's 125 pence per share approach, which Conforama has yet to formalise.
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EU foreign ministers are expected to formalise the measures at a regular meeting on Monday, the diplomats said.
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And last month the council reviewed calls to formalise the "gender asterisk" ("Professor*in,", meaning "male professor/female professor").
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The relationship had been widely known and accepted within the church community until a decision was made to formalise it.
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His comments came as legislators prepared a law to formalise the role of the armed forces in the drug war.
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The meeting's main purpose was to formalise the party's graduation from a traditional Marxist-Leninist dictatorship to a dynastic one.
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Malacalza said he tendered his resignation on Wednesday but would formalise the step and explain his reasons at a later date.
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It is not clear when the authorities plan to formalise the reform, but the black market rate has already started adjusting.
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Asked about the impact of the waiver on Hellenic, Shiamishis said the company will wait until the United States formalise their decision.
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Becoming a public company would also formalise and sharpen FIFA's incentives to make as much money as it can through legitimate means.
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Diplomats say the mood has brightened since Bern laid out its negotiating position on the new treaty Brussels wants that would formalise ties.
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But Facebook also agreed to formalise its privacy processes, for instance by creating a special committee on its board and by designating compliance officers.
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Facebook is also hoping to formalise and monetise an activity which is already common on its platform—namely, groups of patients discussing their symptoms.
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British supermarket Sainsbury's and South African group Steinhoff International both want to buy Home Retail, and have been given until March 18 to formalise bids.
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Commenting in a statement, Wilfred Greyling, co-founder of NoSweat said the project had helped the company "formalise" the principles and incorporate them into its systems.
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We expect the (Federal Open Market Committee) to formalise this view on Wednesday by hinting that near‑term cuts to the Fed funds rate are coming.
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In its 1997 manifesto Labour promised to formalise the rights of the people and offer devolved power to the various nations and provinces of the United Kingdom.
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The French state-controlled group said an exchange of letters between EDF and London will formalise British demands that EDF commit to retaining control of the project.
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In 2014 the national parliament passed a law that required states to formalise the practice, for instance by issuing licences and designating areas where it was expressly permitted.
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A vote to formalise rules for public hearings passed with no Republicans in favour of adopting the rules, and just two Democrats—both from conservative districts—opposed to them.
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Chinese authorities have launched a broad campaign to control political opinion and formalise online surveillance mechanisms, cracking down on online content including literature, livestreaming, news and social media accounts.
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A cabinet meeting will be a crucial step for Cameron after any EU deal, as it will formalise the government's support for staying in the EU in an upcoming referendum.
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Constitutional changes to decentralise power and a law granting the contested territories "special status" would formalise their return to Ukraine, and ultimately allow it to retake control of its borders.
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The cabinet meeting will formalise the government's support for staying in the EU and Cameron has said that ministers will then be free to campaign on whichever side they want.
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Top EU officials have said the meeting will be "the moment of truth" in the negotiations and they will gauge if talks have advanced enough to formalise a Brexit deal in November.
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Similarly, more than half of unmarried Dutch couples formalise their relationship with a "cohabitation agreement", which can be tailored to specify how assets and expenses will be shared after a break-up.
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Top EU officials have said the meeting will be "the moment of truth" in the negotiations and they will gauge whether talks have advanced enough to formalise a Brexit deal in November.
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Italy's Ferrero was seen as a front-runner to formalise a $2.8 billion deal to buy Nestle's U.S. confectionery business, which includes brands such as Butterfinger, Nerds, Laffy Taffy and Crunch chocolate bars.
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The coalition of the anti-establishment 5 Star Movement and the far-right League party is due to formalise the new target on Wednesday, and also to discuss a deficit goal for 2020.
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Home Retail said on Monday the Takeover Panel had extended Tuesday's deadline to formalise Sainsbury's' takeover proposal to March 18, the same date for Steinhoff to make a firm bid or walk away.
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"This change in the law helps protect the interests of opposite-sex couples who want to commit, want to formalise their relationship but don't necessarily want to get married," May said in a statement.
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Under the power-sharing agreement, Mr Ghani and Mr Abdullah were supposed to have agreed on various constitutional amendments within two years, in part to formalise the position of chief executive (or prime minister).
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It came as crude oil prices kicked higher as Saudi Energy Minister Khalid al-Falih said he was optimistic that OPEC would formalise a preliminary output freeze deal reached in Algeria back in September.
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Mr Duque "has yet to find his own feet," says Malcolm Deas, a British historian of Colombia, who suggests that he formalise his relationship with Mr Uribe, for example by confining it to scheduled meetings.
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Aramco is also expected to formalise an earlier plan to take a minority stake in Zhejiang Petrochemical, controlled by private Chinese chemical group Zhejiang Rongsheng Holding Group , said two sources with knowledge of this particular deal.
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The Saudis could claim that they have stopped another neighbouring capital from falling into the hands of Iranian clients,while the Houthis could formalise their presence at the heart of government, much like Hizbullah in Lebanon.
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The two deals follow an intense final flurry of negotiations between Iran and Western planemakers in an effort to formalise provisional contracts announced earlier this year, which face mounting political criticism in both Washington and Tehran.
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Home Retail said on Monday the Takeover Panel watchdog had extended Tuesday's deadline for Sainsbury to formalise its takeover proposal to March 18, the same date as for Steinhoff to make a firm bid or walk away.
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Vittorio Malacalza, who owns over 20 percent of the bank, said he would formalise the step and explain his reasons at a later date, adding that the recent resignations of other board members had influenced his decision.
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Then in the 1950s he began publishing academic work on bargaining, using his crystal-clear prose to formalise concepts that gifted negotiators knew instinctively, and shunning what Richard Zeckhauser, a colleague, called the "Journal of Advanced Economic Gobbledygook".
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The news agency quoted Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov as saying Trump returned to the subject of an invitation a couple of times during a call last month and that Russia was now expecting Trump to formalise the invitation.
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He said the mistake had not led to a conflict of interest as it had arisen from a failure by his former business partners and lawyers to formalise his decision to quit as director before he assumed public duties in Ukraine.
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U.S. officials told Reuters on Monday that passengers on some U.S.-bound foreign airline flights will have to check electronic devices larger than a cell phone once U.S. authorities formalise a new ban in response to an unspecified terrorism threat.
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Late on Friday the EU Commission moved to formalise a deal reached by EU finance ministers on March 5 to suspend EU budget rules that limit borrowing, giving hardest-hit Italy and other governments a free hand to fight the disease.
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LUSAKA, March 6 (Reuters) - Zambia's mining investment arm ZCCM-IH has started buying gold from artisanal and small-scale miners in a bid to formalise the unregulated sector whose ranks have swelled worldwide as gold prices soar, it said on Friday.
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U.S. Defense Undersecretary Frank Kendall said it was too early to assess specific trade impacts since it would take a long time to formalise Britain's exit from the EU, but he did not foresee a big impact on the strong bilateral relationship.
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Bell Pottinger Middle East (BPME), a separate legal entity based in the United Arab Emirates but still under the London parent, is not part of the administration proceedings and is in talks to "formalise a separation from its current owner," the statement said.
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LONDON (Reuters) - Prime Minister Theresa May's government will on Wednesday formalise its promise to offer a vote on delaying Brexit by supporting a change to the wording of a motion being debated in parliament, the Daily Mail's political editor said on Twitter.
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They largely formalise what the vanguards are already doing: joining providers in one area together, with the aim of coming under one integrated budget which pays hospitals and clinics for how healthy they keep people, not how many procedures they carry out.
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BRUSSELS, March 21 (Reuters) - The European Union executive moved to formalise an agreement reached by EU finance ministers on March 5 to suspend EU budget rules that put limits on borrowing so that governments have a free hand in fighting the coronavirus.
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"A scenario where the Saudis 'absorb' the majority of a 500,000 bpd cut and formalise their target at current output levels would not be impactful to the market - unless Iraq and Nigeria come into compliance with their targets," said analysts from Jefferies.
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FRANKFURT, March 29 (Reuters) - Volkswagen's supervisory board is poised to formalise plans for a new corporate structure for its truck and buses division in the coming weeks and give its nod to continue preparations for a stock market flotation, people close to the matter said.
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On Thursday, German Defence Minister Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer told an audience in Munich she believed France, Germany and Britain should formalise the tripartite "E3" group they have used when they wish to make statements on a topic on which they starkly disagree with Trump's United States.
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TIRANA, March 3 (Reuters) - Albania's government plans to offer an amnesty to businesses that have failed to disclose funds or made illegal gains for a fee, in an effort to formalise and revive the economy, open firms' access to capital markets, and plug a budget shortfall.
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Two days before Nissan's executive committee was due to formalise the choice of a company called TVS as a partner for sales and marketing in India, Ghosn threw his weight behind a different firm: Hover Automotive India Pvt Ltd, four company sources with knowledge of the matter said.
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This undated paper, seen by IFR, from European Commission's Directorate-General for Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union is the latest instalment in this effort, and could formalise the pecking order between equity and Additional Tier 1 debt investors - putting the latter firmly ahead of shareholders.
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The Global Internet Forum to Counter Terrorism "will formalise and structure existing and future areas of collaboration between our companies and foster cooperation with smaller tech companies, civil society groups and academics, governments and supra-national bodies such as the EU and the UN," the companies said in a statement.
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Russia could formalise its annexation of Crimea by helping to pay off some of Ukraine's debts, possibly raising the money for this by agreeing to hand eastern Karelia, which it conquered in the second world war, back to Finland (in the early 1990s Boris Yeltsin reportedly offered the territory for $15 billion).
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Its worry focuses on the single currency, a key subgroup of the wider EU. As more countries join (there are now 19 in the euro and only nine out), the British have resisted efforts to formalise this division, objecting to any plans to set up new euro-zone institutions or to give legal status to meetings of euro finance ministers or heads of government.
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However, ships that have installed scrubbers that can remove sulphur as fuel is burned can continue to use higher-sulphur fuel * The amendment to MARPOL Annex VI approved on Friday would make it illegal for ships without scrubbers to carry fuels above the sulphur limit in their supply systems, but would allow any ship to carry higher sulphur fuels as cargo * The approval is the second to last step required in order to formalise the ban on carrying fuel oil - which is itself a step aimed at making it easier to enforce the stricter sulphur limits * The IMO will next have to formally adopt the amendment at the group's meeting in October (Reporting By Jonathan Saul and Libby George Editing by Susan Fenton)
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Steels' autotelic principle is an attempt to formalise flow (psychology).
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This would formalise Wales as the fourth jurisdiction of the UK.
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In 2005, Makerere University - Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration (Mujhu) helped them to formalise their group.
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In January 2019 the SFC and OBR signed a Memorandum of Understanding to formalise how the two organisations work together.
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"USA and Indonesia formalise AH-64E Apache deal". FlightGlobal, 26 August 2013. The first was displayed on 5 October 2017 as part of a military exercise in Indonesia, to mark the 72nd anniversary of its armed forces.
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Despite the wide global audience his work has reached, Parmenter has consistently shunned fame and fought to maintain what he describes as "a regular lifestyle". Since 2010, he has begun to formalise his retirement from the music industry.
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Aid from Cuba allowed the NJM to build Point Salines International Airport, an international airport with a runway in St. George's. In 1980, Coard was the head of a delegation to Moscow to formalise relations with the Soviet Union.
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The intricacies of the regulatory network controlling the decision between lysis and lysogeny by bacteriophage lambda led Thomas to realise that understanding phage behaviour based on the sole intuition became very difficult. He therefore looked for means to model this network and formalise its dynamical analysis. He came across Boolean algebra and its application to the design and analysis of electronic circuits. As Boolean algebra deals with variables taking only two values (0/OFF or 1/ON) and simple logical operators such as AND, OR, and NOT, it is particularly well suited to formalise the reasoning process of geneticists, e.g.
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Self-verifying theories are consistent first-order systems of arithmetic much weaker than Peano arithmetic that are capable of proving their own consistency. Dan Willard was the first to investigate their properties, and he has described a family of such systems. According to Gödel's incompleteness theorem, these systems cannot contain the theory of Peano arithmetic nor its weak fragment Robinson arithmetic; nonetheless, they can contain strong theorems. In outline, the key to Willard's construction of his system is to formalise enough of the Gödel machinery to talk about provability internally without being able to formalise diagonalisation.
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Ontological theories (OT) formalise the most generic aspects of enterprise related concepts in terms of essential properties and axioms. Ontological theories may be considered as 'meta-models' since they consider facts and rules about the facts and rules of the enterprise and its models.
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George Boole Modern logic begins with what is known as the "algebraic school", originating with Boole and including Peirce, Jevons, Schröder, and Venn.See e.g. Bochenski p. 296 and passim Their objective was to develop a calculus to formalise reasoning in the area of classes, propositions, and probabilities.
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Another model, Goodwin's non-linear accelerator, is also a model of endogenous cycles in economic activity in which the cycles do not rely on outside shocks or structurally unstable parameters. "A Growth Cycle" (1967) saw Goodwin utilise Volterra's equations to formalise Karl Marx's theory of economic cycles..
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DFT places the customer at the center of the operation. It enables companies to formalise a customer-centric view with practical tasks and actions that guide behaviour in the organisation. It moves the concept of customer-driven to an achievable plan of action beyond a statement of philosophy.
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The third member was Thomas Thomson. The commission was set up to fix the boundary between Tibet and Ladakh. Raja Gulab Singh's forces had previously annexed Ladakh and invaded Tibet in 1841. The British deemed it important to formalise the boundary so as to prevent any future conflicts.
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It was announced in August 2019 that Queensland Cup clubs would withdraw their direct team presence and instead formalise affiliate relationships with local clubs in an effort to expand the competition and create opportunities for players at the local level, seeing many local clubs return to A-Grade level.
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Monthly 118 (2011), no. 4, 307–15. In particular she seems to have been the first to formalise an origami move which allows, when possible, to construct by paper folding the common tangents to two parabolas. As a consequence she showed how to extract cubic roots by paper folding,M.
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The design of the item thus has to take into account not only the product requirement but also the test tolerances. The buildup of this budget is tolerance coning. Electronics engineers intuitively do tolerance coning and tend to formalise it for critical parameters. However it is also relevant to other engineering disciplines.
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Henry is an International Swimming Hall of Fame inductee. He was the swimming instructor for the British Royal Family, using the swimming pool at the Bath Club, Dover Street. He helped to formalise the rules of water polo. With Archibald Sinclair (1866–1922), he wrote a book on swimming for the Badminton Library.
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Meers is also a past President of the Civic Reform Association. He stepped down from the mayoralty in 1980; Doug Sutherland succeeded him. In 2001 Meers, to formalise his personal tradition of philanthropic giving, founded the Nelson Meers Foundation. The Nelson Meers Foundation was the first ‘Prescribed Private Fund’ to commence operation in Australia.
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The work attempts to formalise some of the basic attributes of performative interaction against a background of sociological analysis in order to better understand how computer interfaces may support performance. This work shows how this generic formalisation can be used in the deconstruction, analysis and understanding of performative action and more broadly in live performance.
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Usman was brought back to Uhar by the Pashtuns and buried in an unknown spot between two hills. A false tomb was also created outside Usman's palace. To formalise a surrender, the Afghans gifted all 49 elephants and jewels to the Mughal Empire. The Mughals also honoured Usman's relatives and to the surrendered Afghans.
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Keynes' thinking was at odds with the classical liberalism of the Austrian School of economists, but G. L. S. Shackle recognised the importance of Keynes's insight and sought to formalise it within a free-market philosophy. In financial economics, the black swan theory of Nassim Nicholas Taleb is based on the significance and unpredictability of special causes.
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Since that time, they have progressively attempted to formalise the operating structure of Dial House while still acting as hosts to all and sundry. Organised events from philosophical gatherings to permaculture workshops have become regular dates, while more long term arrangements such artist residencies make broader use of the space and facilities offered at Dial House.
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The savings have enabled water delivery to other areas not previously supplied. Over 8,000 broken meters have been replaced and a further 15,000 new meters have been installed to provide new house connections and formalise existing unauthorised supplies. Total water supplied into distribution fell from 66,000 m3/day to 60,000, despite an increase of over 30% of customers supplied.
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The following year, he married his younger sister to Surgaci to formalise the alliance. Two years later, he again married Mantai's daughter Lady Abahai to Nurhaci, who later became his primary consort. The alliance between Ula and Jianzhou did not last, however. Warka, a Donghai Jurchen tribe, after repeated harassment by Bujantai, sought to submit to Nurhaci.
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Arriving at the Dutch army camp in Nieuwerbrug, they proposed to install William as monarch of a Principality of Holland. In return he should pay ten million guilders as "indemnities" and formalise a permanent military English occupation of the ports of Brill, Sluys and Flushing. England would respect the French and Münsterite conquests. To their surprise, William flatly refused.
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Published 21 March 2012 (Updated 21 March 2012)The Bermuda Regiment: The Bermuda Cadet CorpsThe Bermuda Regiment: Request for volunteer instructors for the Junior Leaders A bill was tabled in the House of Assembly of Bermuda in 2015 to formalise the organisation of the Royal Bermuda Regiment's Junior Leaders. The Bermuda Cadet Corps Act 1944 was repealed.
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The 1931 "notice sur les Officiers Interprètes" by the unit's commander Abribat (a notice largely inspired by the 1876 "Les Interprètes de l’Armée d’ Afrique" by Laurent-Charles Feraud) began: Conquerors have always been surrounded by interpreters, a necessity to keep their operations moving, but it took Bonaparte to formalise the military interpreter's role and function.
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As early as 1959, West German aircraft manufacturer Dornier had been informally working on several VTOL-related concepts, although it would not be until 1961 that the design team would formalise what would become the Do 31.Hirschel, Prem and Madelung 2012, p. 375. Early activity centred around a series of studies on the topic of a VTOL-capable utility transport aircraft.
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The method of constructing infinitesimals of the kind used in nonstandard analysis depends on the model and which collection of axioms are used. We consider here systems where infinitesimals can be shown to exist. In 1936 Maltsev proved the compactness theorem. This theorem is fundamental for the existence of infinitesimals as it proves that it is possible to formalise them.
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Also Malta is a European Union member since May 1, 2004 and Turkey is a candidate. These recent developments have helped to formalise diplomatic relations between the two countries. An Agreement of Mutual Promotion and Protection of Investments and a Memorandum of Understanding on the Establishment of the Political Consultative Mechanism between the two countries was signed in October 2003 in Antalya.
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Different schools of thought used different methods to make distinctions. Some people chose taxonomic and genome structure, while others chose energetic function as the basis of classifications. The former are often associated with biology, while the latter with the trophic food chain analysis of ecology. These can be considered attempts to formalise quantitative, scientific studies of the qualitative differences between entities.
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The Hellenic Cup () is an Australian football (soccer) tournament contested by Greek Australian clubs, mostly from Melbourne, Victoria . Starting in 1983, it was an attempt to formalise the previously scattered approach to holding such tournaments in the 1960s and 1970s. The Hellenic Cup Tournament trophy is housed in the Museum of National Centre for Hellenic Studies & Research at La Trobe University, Bundoora.
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Many mathematical definitions have been proposed to formalise the notion of directed space. E. W. Dijkstra introduced a simple dialect to deal with semaphores, the so-called 'PV language', and to provide each PV program an abstract model: its 'geometric semantics'. Any such model admits a natural partially ordered space (or pospace) structure i.e. a topology and a partial order.
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Between 1992 and 2009, the network was very informal, sustained by occasional newsletters between international conferences. As the number of peace museums worldwide increased, however, the network needed to formalise its structures. Steps towards addressing this were taken at the Gernika conference of 2005, including changing the name of the organisation to the International Network of Museums for Peace (INMP).
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The union gradually built up international contacts in the late 19th-century. In 1903, it called a conference in Berlin, to formalise these relationships by establishing the International Federation of Building Workers. The union affiliated to the General Commission of German Trade Unions, and by 1904, it was the second largest in Germany, with 128,850 members. By 1910, this had risen slightly, to 169,645.
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This changed with the election of the National Party in the 1948 elections, who began to formalise the system known as apartheid. Apartheid formally designated which suburbs each race could live in under the Group Areas Act. Consequently, the city was divided into white and black suburbs. The white suburbs were mostly wealthy and well-developed, and located in the nicest areas in the Johannesburg region.
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The Live Art Archive (Audit) commenced in January 1994 when the Arts Council of England invited Dr (now Professor) Barry Smith to formalise and expand his research collection in order to develop as complete and current a record as possible of Live Art events in England circa 1960 to the present day. The Archive also includes records of events held elsewhere in the UK.
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Subsequently, it was rewritten in SMALL, and ported to a Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) PDP-10 mainframe (on the operating system TOPS-10) and an IBM S360 mainframe (on the operating system VM Conversational Monitor System (VM/CMS)). About 1985, SMALL had some object-oriented programming features added to handle structures (that were missing from the early language), and to formalise file manipulation operations.
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The Powers of Trustees, Mortgagees, etc. Act 1860 (23 & 24 Vict c 145), sometimes referred to as the Lord Cranworth's Act 1860,Medforth v Blake [2000] Ch 86 at 93H, per Scott V-C. was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Act sought to formalise and regularise various provisions commonly included by chancery lawyers of the day in mortgages, wills and other settlements.
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The bill introduced black-only reserves for Africans on land that was identified by the Natives Land Act, 1913. This bill would therefore formalise the separation of white and black rural areas. A South African Native Trust was to be established to purchase all reserve land not yet owned by the state. This bill was enacted into law in 1936 as the Native Trust and Land Act.
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Under the auspices of the Andersonian University (est. 1796), Birkbeck had first instituted free lectures on arts, science and technical subjects in 1800. This mechanics' class continued to meet after he moved to London in 1804, and in 1823 they decided to formalise their organisation by incorporating themselves as the Mechanics' Institute. The first mechanics' institute in England was opened at Liverpool in July 1823.
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The party was formed on 7 February 2011 as a breakaway from the Indian National Congress. The party won 15 seats in the 2011 Puducherry Legislative Assembly election and formed the government. On 18 May 2015, it was announced that Congress MLA Malladi Krishna Rao is likely to quit the party and formalise his association with the AINRC taking the strength of the ruling party to 15.
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However, with her sponsorship having concluded, Thompson instead paid for her training as a gymnastics teacher. Once she had completed this, James set up a series of "Working Girls' Clubs", providing lectures, physical drills, social meetings and citizenship classes. These proved popular, and in 1899 the WIC founded the Clubs Industrial Association to formalise this activity. Among the young women who attended her classes was Margaret Bondfield.
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Following the death of long- serving and successful missionary society secretary Andrew Fuller it was decided to formalise the ownership. The new missionary society secretary required everything to be explained and documented. By this time the elder missionaries had in their ownership a number of buildings which they held in safe-keeping. Some saw that this could be interpreted as personal profit although no one made this accusation.
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Just when Astrit thought his troubles with his rural background ended with Juna, Shkëlqim begins to crack new jokes about Astrit's facial features. The housemates considered it an immature gesture and concluded that Shkëlqim enjoys provoking new conflicts. Meanwhile, Olsi and Najada formalise their new relationship with a romantic date which Olsi cooked for and prepared. Julinda engaged in a heated debate with Olsi over her sloppiness in the kitchen.
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As a rule, the weaker the correlation between an individual register and the generator output, the more known plaintext is required to find that register's key with a high degree of confidence. Readers with a background in probability theory should be able to see easily how to formalise this argument and obtain estimates of the length of known plaintext required for a given correlation using the binomial distribution.
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The Greens had their first leadership election on 29 November 2005; prior to this they did not have a party leader, preferring a consultative model of government. At a party conference in Hobart, the Greens announced their intention to formalise their party's structure in anticipation of a growing presence in Federal Parliament. Tasmanian Senator Bob Brown was elected leader unopposed, with Western Australian Senator Rachel Siewert appointed the party's first Whip.
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In order to recognize Indian Sign Language as the 23rd official language of India, Malhotra filed a writ petition in the Delhi High Court. ISL gives an identity to the deaf community and is the only language they use to communicate. The issue was submitted for the consideration of the central government and they took notice of the matter. The quest to formalise Indian Sign Language gained momentum after this petition.
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An SSLA spokesperson said "Our forces have joined the peace process with the South Sudan army" and that "because South Sudan needs development, peace and forgiveness, we have decided to end rebellion in South Sudan". The surrender took place in Mayom County, Unity State and were led by the SSLA's commander, Brigadier General Bapiny Monytuel. SSLA commanders will meet President Kiir in Juba within a week to formalise the surrender arrangements.
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At the ceremony, Victorian Attorney-General, Robert Clark said: "The Victorian Government is pleased to have reached this settlement in a way that has avoided costly litigation, while assisting the Traditional Owner community to develop a sustainable future." A ceremony to mark the settlement agreement was held in Bendigo on 15 November 2013, following the registration of the Indigenous Land Use Agreement being the final step to formalise the agreement.
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In 1964 Koenig moved to the Netherlands, where he taught at Utrecht University and was, until 1986, director and later chairman of the electronic music studio, which became the Institute of Sonology . Here he developed his computer composition programs Project 1 (1964) and Project 2 (1966), designed to formalise the composition of musical structure-variants. Both programs had a significant impact on the further development of algorithmic composition systems.
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Gradually, however, countries agreed that the open seas should be free to all shipping in peacetime and to neutral shipping in wartime. Great Britain accepted the principle in 1805; Russia, in 1824; and the United States (tacitly) in 1894. Many treaties, including the Treaty of Versailles, have dealt with the open seas, and currently the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea is an attempt to formalise this freedom.
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In Luxembourg, Francois Bausch of the left Green party is the founding politician in the association's initial member list. ATTAC functions on a principle of decentralisation: local associations organise meetings, conferences, and compose documents that become counter- arguments to the perceived neoliberal discourse. ATTAC aims to formalise the possibility of an alternative to the neoliberal society that is currently required of globalisation. ATTAC aspires to be a movement of popular education.
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The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales. The APA Building exhibits a high level of architectural quality in terms of its proportions, facade treatment and vocabulary of detail. The building was designed to formalise and define the new major civic thoroughfare of Martin Place. The building presents a uniform and harmonious composition around the three sides of its block.
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Registries have moderate to huge data sets, but the recruitment often is not performed in such a way that registry data can be considered as representative of the population. However, under certain conditions, it is possible to assess if a given registry might be used as a population sample or not. Undergoing work is being conducted to formalise the constraints and the procedures required to use registry data as a proxy to population samples.
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In the early 1830s an attempt was made to formalise the leases but this grant was not formalised until October 1838, by which time the lot had been transferred to William Carr and George John Rodgers. Frederick Garling senior is likely to have been making plans to retire; his retirement was formally approved by the Governor in 1839. In addition to his townhouse Garling had been granted by Governor Macquarie in 1819.
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At IBA he has not only established the department of Mathematical Sciences, he has also started the double major BS program in mathematics and economics, the first of its kind in Karachi. Moreover, he also played key role in developing the board of advanced studies and research at IBA that led to formalise the graduate programs at IBA. In the meantime he also started MS and PhD programs in mathematics at IBA.
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After suffering two years of persecution, Liu died, unreported, in 1969, and the position of President was left unfilled. During this period, most government bodies around the country ceased operation; various levels of people's governments were replaced by Revolutionary Committees. Instead of (formally) by election, power passed via public denunciations and, in many cases, violent clashes. In 1975, Mao Zedong and his supporters sought to formalise their power through the promulgation of a new Constitution.
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The 6Cs are Care, Compassion, Courage, Communication, Commitment and Competence. The 6Cs began with the concept of 'Energise for Excellence for nurses, midwives and other care staff' which was begun by Jane Cummings and Katherine Fenton. Following the Francis report compassion within nursing was revisited and 'Compassion in Practice' became a key phrase which helped to introduce and formalise the idea of the 6Cs. The 6Cs were rolled out in December 2012.
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The so-called Deligne conjecture arising in the context of algebras (and Hochschild cohomology) stimulated much interest in deformation theory in relation to string theory (roughly speaking, to formalise the idea that a string theory can be regarded as a deformation of a point-particle theory). This is now accepted as proved, after some hitches with early announcements. Maxim Kontsevich is among those who have offered a generally accepted proof of this.
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Surrey-based developer, Wiggins Group, bought a 29.4% stake in the site in 1994, with an option to develop the entire site for £6.8 million; this was activated in late 1995 with Wiggins revealing a £200 million idea for the area, including a 1,000 ft tower. Under the terms of the option, Wiggins had one year to formalise and submit plans or forfeit their right to develop.Decision day on festival gardens. Subscription required .
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She models well and surely; and in her straight portraiture shows excellent feeling for character. She is not so successful when she attempts to simplify or formalise which, admittedly, she does rarely." After her return to Connecticut, she held her first exhibition of sculpture at the Taylor Museum, Colorado. Hooker spent six months of every year in Ireland from 1960, writing that "I have made my name as an artist in Dublin . . .
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Argentina was the first Latin American country to formalise relations with the EU under a 3rd generation cooperation agreement. The Framework Trade and Economic Co-operation Agreement between the EU and Argentina entered into force in 1990 and includes two recurrent principles of their cooperation: the strengthening of democracy and human rights, as well as regional integration. An EU-Argentina Joint Commission has also been established. A number of sectoral agreements were established in the 1990s.
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Governor Arthur Hamilton Gordon Robinson was replaced as Governor of Fiji in June 1875 by Sir Arthur Hamilton Gordon. Gordon was immediately faced with an insurgency of the Qalimari and Kai Colo people. In early 1875, colonial administrator Edgar Leopold Layard had met with thousands of highland clans at Navuso to formalise their subjugation to British rule and Christianity. Layard and his delegation managed to spread the measles epidemic to the highlanders, causing mass deaths in this population.
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Libya looks Malaysia as a model to expand their country economy. At present, there are six Malaysian oil and gas companies operation in Libya and the country is now seek Malaysia for more investment to develop their country since the country destroy in Libyan Civil War. An agreement on air services were signed in 2009 and both countries agreed to formalise a memorandum of understanding on airlines. Libya also seeks co-operation with Malaysia in Islamic banking.
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The German Central Union of Masons gradually built up international contacts in the late 19th-century. In 1903, it called a conference in Berlin, to formalise these relationships by establishing an international trade federation. The federation was established as the Building Workers' International, and was based in Hamburg from its foundation. By 1925, most of its member unions had merged with the carpenters' unions in their country, and so it agreed to absorb the Carpenters' International.
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Maharani Ourmilla Devi of Jubbal in Nivi Sari. The Nivi drape was borne out of necessity to pander to Victorian sensibilities and is a vestige of the colonial past. Jnanadanandini Devi, sister-in-law of Rabindranath Tagore, crafted the Nivi drape and borrowed the blouse and petticoat as a means of fitting into a British dominated social structure while maintaining an Indian identity. The British attempted to formalise the complex Indian culture by fitting it into well-defined stereotypes.
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Two days of talks on strengthening the ceasefire regime (see above, Dec. 2016) in the nearly six-year-old Syrian conflict ended Feb. 16 in Astana with the adoption of a document to formalise monitoring of the December 29, 2016, ceasefire agreement (see above). The document will guide the activities of a joint operational group to be formed by Russia, Turkey and Iran that was agreed to be set up during the earlier meeting in January in Astana.
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The vacant land was set aside as a government quarry to extract the sandstone to build Governor Macquarie's Sydney. The site of the quarry is shown in a plan of Sydney dated August 1822. This particular part of the hospital site was classified in the general surveys of the town undertaken in the early 1830s, to formalise land boundaries and entitlements, as Lot 7 of City Section 84 which comprised an area of 1 rood 15 perches.
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At her home in Winnipeg, she invited Alex Janvier, Jackson Beardy, Eddy Cobiness, Norval Morrisseau, Carl Ray, and Joseph Sanchez to discuss their mutual concerns about art. They organized in November 1973. These meetings provided a sense of community among the artists and a forum for criticism of each other's work. In November 1973 they proposed to formalise their movement as the Professional Native Indian Artists Incorporation (PNIAI), to be funded by the Department of Indian Affairs.
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Probability theory is the branch of mathematics concerned with probability. Although there are several different probability interpretations, probability theory treats the concept in a rigorous mathematical manner by expressing it through a set of axioms. Typically these axioms formalise probability in terms of a probability space, which assigns a measure taking values between 0 and 1, termed the probability measure, to a set of outcomes called the sample space. Any specified subset of these outcomes is called an event.
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One account puts two 24-pounders on the summit, but all other accounts put 18-pounders there. At some point while this was going on, Ma Sophie blew up for unknown reasons, killing all but one of her crew. With work complete by 7 February, Hood decided to formalise the administration of the island, and wrote to the Admiralty, announcing that he had commissioned the rock as a sloop-of-war, under the name Diamond Rock.
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PAS was founded on 24 November 1951, as the Persatuan Islam Se-Malaya (Malayan Islamic Organisation). The formation of the party was the culmination of a growing movement among Muslim clerics within the United Malays National Organisation to formalise a discrete Islamic political organisation. However, at first, the lines between UMNO and the new party were blurred. PAS allowed dual membership of the two parties, and many of its early senior leaders were also UMNO members.
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The first efforts to formalise the language began in the early 1970s, with the first step made in 1969 in Curaçao. R.G. Römer presented to the Central Government of the Netherlands Antilles his Ontwerp van een spelling voor het Papyamento (Draft of a spelling for Papyamento). In 1970 the Maduro Commission consisting of eight members, R.G. Römer included, was formed. With a modified proposition, they presented their recommendations to the Minister of Education of the Netherlands Antilles.
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Retrieved 16 August 2012. (English translation) In 2012 Internet service providers (ISPs) and copyright holders in Denmark agreed on a framework where all ISPs will block access to copyright-infringing content if one of the providers is ordered to do so by a court. The Danish Ministry of Culture plans to work with ISPs and rights holder groups to "formalise" the agreement in a "written Code of Conduct"."One court order could gag EVERY ISP in Denmark", Out-Law.
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Volunteer Ireland began as two organisations, Volunteer Centres Ireland and Volunteering Ireland, which were merged in 2011. In 2000 some of the older volunteer centres, including what is now the South Dublin County Volunteer Centre, the Volunteer Centre Fingal and Volunteering Ireland, came together to discuss common issues and goals. In 2001, it was decided to formalise this grouping and Volunteer Centres Ireland (VCI) was formed. VCI adopted a constitution, membership criteria and agreed aims and objectives.
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The Tokelau national rugby league team represents Tokelau in rugby league football and first participated in international competition in 1986. Tokelau has participated four times in the Pacific Cup: in 1986, 1988, 1992 and 2006. Tokelau is expected to make a return to international Rugby League with the planned introduction of a new formalise the structure for Rugby League. It's envisaged from this symposium that rugby league will be able to officially form the Tokelau Rugby League Association (TRLA).
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Alamo Music is the first ever fan funded, fan owned record label, created in 2004 as a conduit for Four Day Hombre's music. A number of fans of the band invested the capital necessary to formalise the label, and to finance the recording and marketing of the Four Day Hombre debut album Experiments in Living. They hence became shareholders in Alamo. This 'fan- funded' approach has produced significant publicity for the band in national and regional press.
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On 1 September 1825 Hogg proposed to William Blackwood that the 'Shepherd's Calendar' articles which had been appearing in Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine should be brought together in book form.The Letters of James Hogg: Volume 2 1820‒1831, ed. Gillian Hughes (Edinburgh, 2006), 236. In June the following year Blackwood suggested that Hogg's nephew Robert might correct (basically, formalise) and alter (basically, censor) the contents, but in the autumn he put off publication blaming the stagnation of the market.
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An annual Literary London Conference had been running informally since 2002, while The Literary London Journal, edited by Lawrence Phillips, had appeared biannually since 2003. The Literary London Society was founded in July 2011 to formalise the conference and journal, with Brycchan Carey of Kingston University as the first president. The current president of the Literary London Society is Martin Dines from the Kingston University. The current editor of The Literary London Journal is Nick Bentley from Keele University.
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Goguen's research with Thatcher, Wagner and Wright (also in the 1970s) was one of the earliest works to formalise the algebraic basis for data abstraction.V. S. Alagar, "Specification of Software Systems", Springer, pp. 216 (1999). . In the early 1990s Goguen and Rod Burstall developed the theory of institutions, a category-theoretic description of logical systems in computer science.J. A. Goguen and R. M. Burstall, "Institutions: Abstract Model Theory for Specification and Programming", Journal of the ACM 39: 95–146 (1992).
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Under the apartheid system the law had become a corrupt system. The legal system in South Africa had been in the great tradition, with its roots in Roman-Dutch law and the common law of England. But when the National Party (South Africa) won power in 1948, it quickly began to distort the system to formalise racial discrimination and entrench itself in power. A judgement by Didcott shows he was a man of compassion, with a true sense of justice.
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The farmer takes the opportunity to capture Azucena. Rendered crazy and the power of charms, Timothy announces to the city that the cardinal of Seráfia will make him king and bless his engagement to the princess. What he does not realize is that it's all just another of the Duchess's plans. The "Cardinal" is actually a buffoon actor pretending to be the real Cardinal Oberon of Ravena, the only one with political power to formalise the reign of "the little colonel".
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A medieval carving from Rievaulx Abbey showing one of the many new windmills established during the 13th century During the 12th century the Norman kings attempted to formalise the feudal governance system initially created after the invasion. After the invasion the king had enjoyed a combination of income from his own demesne lands, the Anglo-Saxon geld tax and fines. Successive kings found that they needed additional revenues, especially in order to pay for mercenary forces.Lawler and Lawler, p. 6.
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The Australian Natives' Association (ANA) was one of the chief promoters of Australia Day as a national holiday, and in 1946 formed an Australia Day Celebrations Committee in Melbourne to formalise its efforts. Similar bodies emerged in other states, and a Federal Australia Day Council (FADC) was formed to coordinate their efforts. In 1979, with the FADC's agreement, the organisation was replaced by a government- sponsored National Australia Day Committee. The committee was initially headed by former Olympian Herb Elliott.
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Dixit–Stiglitz model is a model of monopolistic competition developed by Avinash Dixit and Joseph Stiglitz (1977). It has been used in many sub-fields of economics including macroeconomics, economic geography and international trade theory. The model seeks to formalise consumers' preference for product variety by using a typical CES function. Previous attempts to provide a model which accounted for variety preference (such as Harold Hotelling's Location model) were indirect and failed to provide an easily interpretable and usable form for further study.
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By early February the guns had been installed and tested. The 18-pounders were able to completely command the passage between the rock and the island, forcing ships to avoid the channel. The winds and currents meant that these ships were then unable to enter the bay. With work complete by 7 February Hood decided to formalise the administration of the island, and wrote to the Admiralty, announcing that he had commissioned the rock as a sloop, under the name Fort Diamond.
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By early February the guns had been installed and tested. The 18-pounders were able to command completely the passage between the rock and the island, forcing ships to avoid the channel. The winds and currents meant that these ships were then unable to enter the bay. With work complete by 7 February Hood decided to formalise the administration of the island, and wrote to the Admiralty, announcing that he had commissioned the rock as a sloop, under the name Fort Diamond.
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Their role was to give a leadership inclusive of GPs all over the country, produce a strategy for the establishment of a new college and formalise education. They succeeded on 19 November 1952, when the college was established and the committee dissolved. Rose continued to be active in the college council, first as member and then as chairman. Rose was made a member of the Order of the British Empire in 1962 and in the same year, elected president of the RCGP.
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On 4 March 1947 Mountevans was on board a Norwegian vessel, MV Bolivar, when it broke in two and was wrecked on the Kish Bank 13 kilometers from Dalkey Island. He and 44 others on board were rescued by the Dún Laoghaire and Howth RNLI lifeboats. In 1947 Evans chaired a committee to formalise the rules of professional wrestling in the UK. These rules became known as the Admiral-Lord Mountevans rules. Evans died in Norway on 20 August 1957.
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The field of Business Process Preservation is concerned with digitally preserving business processes and services to ensure their long-term continued access. Built on feasibility and cost-benefit analysis it analyses and recommends which aspects of a business process should be preserved and how to preserve them. It develops methodologies and tools to capture and formalise business processes on both technical and organisational levels. This includes their underlying software and hardware infrastructures and dependencies on third-party services and information.
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Newly appointed Port Phillip Magistrate William Lonsdale landed at Point Gellibrand months later (around late September 1836) to formalise the illegal settlement of Melbourne. After which he undertook an investigation into the incident. Party members were interviewed and admitted firing on the tribe but were unaware if any were wounded. The event was notable at the time as Charles Franks was the first free settler to be killed (convicts had been killed previously) in frontier violence in new European colony of Port Phillip.
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This was a spin-off of and partial successor to the Committee on Medical School Libraries noted above. The third group was the Canadian Group of the Medical Library Association. This group had been formed in 1974 as a way to formalise the links between Canadian members of the MLA and the MLA.administration. At the meeting of the Canadian Group in 1975 it was proposed that an ad hoc committee be established to look at the situation and propose improvements.
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South Australia became the first state to consider allowing civil unions for same-sex couples when MP Mark Brindal proposed the Civil Unions Bill 2004 in October 2004. Brindal said, "Same sex attracted people make invaluable contributions to society, and society can no longer afford the hypocrisy to deny them the right to formalise their relationships." In October 2012, independent MP Bob Such introduced a bill to the SA Legislative Assembly called the Civil Partnership Bill 2012. It failed to pass either house.
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Sporadic skirmishes over land and women occurred between the settlers and the Aboriginal people, but few records of the conflict exist. In late 1803 to early 1804 colonisation of Tasmania began to formalise. The governor of New South Wales built military outposts along the River Derwent in southern Tasmania, and also on the Tamar River in the north to prevent French interests in the area. These outposts began to grow into small communities as new settlers and convicts came from Great Britain.
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In 1866, Macdonald and his colleagues financed pro-confederation candidates in the New Brunswick general election, resulting in a pro-confederation assembly. Shortly after the election, Nova Scotia's premier, Charles Tupper, pushed a pro-confederation resolution through that colony's legislature. A final conference, to be held in London, was needed before the British parliament could formalise the union. Maritime delegates left for London in July 1866, but Macdonald, who was drinking heavily again, did not leave until November, angering the Maritimers.
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Kutluay has also been a cynosure of public attention due to his personal life. His relationship with model Demet Akalın was extensively covered by tabloids. The couple made a decision to formalise their ties with a marriage on 5 July 2001, but according to Akalın, because of Kutluay's last- minute change of mind, they separated. The survey, in which 16.000 respondents took place, conducted by the tabloid Radical suggests that Kutluay-Akalın couple is remembered the most 'unforgettable duo' of Turkish high-society life.
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Based in Dublin, Edmund Rice Development was established in 2009, to formalise the fundraising efforts of the developing world projects for the Christian Brothers globally and received its charitable status in 2009. Funding raised by the charity is directed mainly to nine countries in Africa, where The Christian Brothers work on mission in development: Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Additional funds are also raised for similar work in South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay) and India.
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Prior to the development of the four discourses, the primary guideline for clinical psychoanalysis was Freud's Oedipus complex. In Lacan's Seminar of 1969–70, Lacan argues that the terrifying Oedipal father that Freud invoked was already castrated at the point of intervention. The castration was symbolic rather than physical. In an effort to stem analysts' tendency to project their own imaginary readings and neurotic fantasies onto psychoanalysis, Lacan worked to formalise psychoanalytic theory with mathematical functions with renewed focus on the semiology of Ferdinand de Saussure.
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The Loi du 20 décembre 1988 relative à la protection des personnes qui se prêtent à des recherches biomédicales, also known as the Loi Huriet or Loi Huriet-Sérusclat, is a French civil law to establish the regulation of those working in biomedical research, and to formalise the status quo of bioethics. It was proposed under the second government of Michel Rocard (Parti socialiste) six months after the 1988 French legislative election. It was the first French law that put clinical trials on a firm legal footing.
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Vasiliev spent 1912-13 in Western Europe (mostly Germany) and published his salient works "Logic and Metalogic" and "Imaginary (non-Aristotelian) logic". Vasiliev constructed non-Aristotelian logic using the concepts, and even the manner of reasoning, common to Aristotelian logic. He was aware of the achievement in mathematical logic (and even carefully studied Ernst Schröder's works) but did not make an attempt to formalise "imaginary" logic. His only work in a foreign language (English) - a concise abstract of his "imaginary logic" - was published in Naples in 1924.
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In geometry, if X is a manifold with an action of a topological group G by analytical diffeomorphisms, the notion of a (G, X)-structure on a topological space is a way to formalise it being locally isomorphic to X with its G-invariant structure; spaces with a (G, X)-structures are always manifolds and are called (G, X)-manifolds. This notion is often used with G being a Lie group and X a homogeneous space for G. Foundational examples are hyperbolic manifolds and affine manifolds.
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Colonial Governor Philip Gidley King, under whose authority Integritys voyages took place. Integritys first voyage was in February 1804, heading south along the eastern coastline of Australia to transport settlers and supplies across Bass Strait to the colonial outpost in Van Diemen's Land. The administrator of that outpost, Lieutenant John Bowen, had recently resigned his position and returned to Port Jackson. Governor King now directed that Bowen travel back to Van Diemen's Land aboard Integrity in order to formalise the transfer of colonial authority to his successor.
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This article involves current Chinese People's Political Consultative Congress members who were last elected in March 2013. The role that CPPCC plays in the Chinese government is stated in the preamble of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China. In practice, its role and powers are somewhat analogous to an advisory legislative upper house, and there have been occasional proposals to formalise this role in the PRC Constitution. The Communist Party of China and the aligned United Front democratic parties participate in the CPPCC.
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From the 2018–19 season, Sürmeli had an agreement to join De Treffers. At the end of July 2018, he left De Treffers before the start of the competition and signed a two-year contract with Giresunspor of the TFF First League. At the beginning of January 2019, he had his contract terminated as he had not received his salary. Afterwards, he had a deal with Osmanlıspor, but due to an injury the club refused to formalise the agreement and Sürmeli was leaved as a free agent.
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The memorandum to the Amendment Bill cites Gory v Kolver as authority, but it has been suggested that the situation which prevailed at the time that this case was heard no longer exists, due to the advent of the Civil Union Act. The decision in Gory v Kolver case was predicated on the fact that the parties were not able to formalise their relationship in any way. On the evidence, the parties had undertaken mutual duties of support. Had it been possible for them to do so, they would almost certainly have formaised their relationship.
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In cases where a document requires more precise semantics than those expressed in HTML alone, fragments of the document may be enclosed within `span` or `div` elements with meaningful class namesThese class names are at best suggestive rather than formally meaningful, unless they are previously shared between both creator and consumer of the content. such as `` and ` `. Where these class names are also a fragment identifier within a schema or ontology, they may link to a more defined meaning. Microformats formalise this approach to semantics in HTML.
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Officially established on 16 July 2017, YIFA held a foundation meeting in October of the same year at the Square Chapel, Halifax, to sign off its constitution and formalise its existence as a footballing body. While organising a senior Yorkshire international football team was its primary focus, YIFA also gave notice of its intention to seek membership of CONIFA. Plans for a senior women’s team and disability teams were also announced. On 13 November 2017, YIFA announced that Ryan Farrell, assisted by Micky Long, had been appointed as Yorkshire's first ever head coach.
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In this period PITCOM opened up relations with the Internet Governance Forum, sponsoring MPs to attend its meetings and helping organise UK inputs and reports back. The Rt Hon Alun Michael MP became chairman in 2011 by which time there was common agreement on the need to rationalise the growing number of all-party groups addressing IT related issues. Discussions were opened with other relevant groups and with EURIM (to formalise the de facto division of labour). The merger to form PICTFOR was the first tangible stage in that process.
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The aim of the ODRL Information Model is to support flexible Policy expressions by allowing the author to include as much, or as little, expressive detail about the terms and conditions for Asset usage, the Parties involved, and obligations. : The W3C ODRL Vocabulary & Expression describes the potential terms used in ODRL Policy expressions and how to serialise them. The terms form part of the ODRL Ontology and formalise the semantics. The wide set of terms in the vocabulary provides the support for communities to use ODRL as the primary language to express common use cases.
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This idea was based on the meeting of eurozone leaders in 2008 who met to agree a co-ordinated eurozone response to the banking crisis.Germany rejects idea of eurozone 'economic government': report, EU Business (21 October 2008) They first met in the summit format in October 2008, in response to the debt crisis. Subsequent meetings took place in March 2010, May 2010, March 2011, July 2011 and October 2011. In the October 2011 meeting, it was agreed to formalise the Euro summit, as at least twice yearly meeting.
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The plan shows a "Proposed Lane" where Cumberland Place is now. This laneway was already in existence by that date, so this plan could be the instrument used to formalise the thoroughfare. Similarly, Globe Street, which was also depicted in some earlier maps and plans, is here marked as a "Proposed Street", indicating that in 1848 it had not been officially recognised. The expansion of Sydney suburbs to the east, south and west made the city too large to be depicted with much detail on most maps produced after the 1840s.
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The construction of the APA building marked the beginning of the development of the eastern end of Martin Place and Phillip Street as a major commercial and professional precinct. It was designed and constructed for the former Australian Provincial Assurance Association Ltd on a block purchased to construct a new headquarters for the association. The APA Building exhibits a high level of architectural quality in terms of its proportions, facade treatment and vocabulary of detail. The building was designed to formalise and define the new major civic thoroughfare of Martin Place.
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In 1913, the national Wattle Day League (or Federation) was established to formalise the organisation of events for the celebration of Wattle Day Queensland followed in 1913. Sydney celebrated that year by planting 200 wattle trees in centennial Park. Australian Coat of Arms with the Golden Wattle design, 1921 The Golden Wattle was incorporated as an accessory in the design of the Coat of Arms of Australia in 1912. Following the outbreak of World War 1 all attempts to gazette the emblem or Wattle Day were put aside.
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This chapter discusses measurement scales as the central concept of representational measurement theory. The chapter looks at the history behind psychological measurement scales and also at attempts to formalise measurement properties such as additive conjoint measurement. Borsboom also discusses what he terms “the problem of error”, that is the inability of such theories to handle the error that is intrinsic within psychological measurement. > If the ability to construct a homomorphic representation were to be a > necessary condition for measurement, this entails that we should be able to > gather data that fit the measurement model perfectly.
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Switch using / track, between the roundhouse and the Peterborough West washout facilities Prior to the cessation of railway operations by Steamtown Peterborough Railway Preservation Society in June 2002, a steering committee, made up of the Federation of North East Councils, the Northern Regional Development Board, and the Flinders Ranges Area Consultative Committee, as well as Society representatives, was established. This led to a project to formalise development of the workshops precinct, which in turn led to the development of the Steamtown Heritage Rail Centre.Workman, C. (Summer 2003). "President's Report, 26th October 2002".
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Buraschi and Corielli formalise the concept of 'time inconsistency' with regards to no-arbitrage models that allow for a perfect fit of the term structure of the interest rates. In these models the current yield curve is an input so that new observations on the yield curve can be used to update the model at regular frequencies. They explore the issue of time-consistent and self-financing strategies in this class of models. Model risk affects all the three main steps of risk management: specification, estimation and implementation.
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The Paddington Recreation Ground was "the earliest public athletic ground of its kind in London". It was first used for recreational purposes in 1860 when the local church laid down a cricket pitch for the parish community to share. During the 1880s, Mr Richard Beachcroft, Secretary of the Paddington Cricket Club, led the initiative to formalise and extend the cricket ground by forming a committee of local cricket clubs and negotiating arrangements with local landowners.Plaque in Paddington Recreation Ground The pavilion was renamed "The Richard Beachcroft Pavilion" in 2010 to recognise this work.
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Peru's government passed legislation in 2002 which aimed to formalise and promote artisanal gold mining activity, seen as a "great source of employment and collatoral benefits". Despite this legislative commitment, the complexities involved in formalisation efforts have seen subsequent governments shy away from such initiatives. Authorities charged with implementing the legislation and regulating the activity, lack the finance and personnel necessary to carry out such tasks effectively. La Rinconada, Peru, highest elevation human habitation in the world, in the Andes on the border with Bolivia, is one site of extensive artisanal mining.
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The Orient Hotel site was classified in the general surveys of the town undertaken in the 1830s, ostensibly to formalise land boundaries and entitlements, as Lot 1 of City Section 85. By the time of the survey the allotment was in the ownership of the merchant Frederick Wright Unwin. Unwin had acquired the property from Mary Reibey in November 1828. Reibey's interest in the property lasted a matter of five months, over which time its value had increased from in June 1828 to on its sale in November.
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By the early 1970s, the circulation of The Irish Times had almost doubled in a decade to 60,000 and it was making money. Some of the directors indicated an interest in selling the company and McDowell proposed instead that it be turned into a trust. It was a period when several newspapers in Ireland and Britain had changed hands or were seen as being vulnerable to takeovers. His aims were to protect the newspaper's independence, make it as difficult as possible for anyone to take over, and formalise its aims in a guiding trust.
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In 2008, the council launched the 'New Leadership Network', a project designed to create a forum for the development of the next generation heads of the major agencies of the UK Jewish community. In February 2010, the council hosted a UK visit for Barry Shrage, President of Boston's Combined Jewish Philanthropies, one of the most effective fundraisers in the Jewish world. In October 2010, following a governance review, a 'joint liaison committee' was established to formalise relations between the JLC and the Board of Deputies of British Jews.
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In 1337, the earldom of Cornwall was made into a royal duchy to support the heir to the throne. Centralisation in the reign of Henry VIII meant that Cornwall's distinct status was no longer recognised in royal documents; though unlike the situation for Wales, no legislation was enacted to formalise this. The rights of the Duke of Cornwall still rely on medieval legislation. When no one is duke of Cornwall, the lands and rights of the Duchy are exercised by the Crown since the heir apparent may not always inherit the Duchy.
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Hilton, Tim (2004), One More Kilometre and We're in the Showers, Harper Collins, UK The first formal attempt was by George Pilkington Mills, who rode a penny-farthing with a 52-inch wheel for 5d 1h 45m in July 1886, when he was 19.The record, for a machine of the type, still stands; shortly afterwards cyclists switched to chain-driven machines with smaller wheels. The Road Records Association formed two years later to formalise attempts. It ruled that riders were free to take whatever route they preferred provided they covered the distance.
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While in Paris during the 1940s, he joined the French Communist Party. Returning to Cambodia in 1953, he involved himself in the Marxist–Leninist Khmer Việt Minh organisation and its guerrilla war against King Norodom Sihanouk's newly independent government. Following the Khmer Việt Minh's 1954 retreat into Marxist–Leninist controlled North Vietnam, Pol Pot returned to Phnom Penh, working as a teacher while remaining a central member of Cambodia's Marxist–Leninist movement. In 1959, he helped formalise the movement into the Kampuchean Labour Party, which was later renamed the Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK).
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William Pile (10 October 1823 – 5 June 1873) was a British shipbuilder. He was the first to introduce the Clipper class of ship to the river Wear, Sunderland. A testament to his art can be seen today, the Composite Clipper ship City of Adelaide. The ship was classed as "Experimental" by Lloyd's of London in 1864; it would be a few years before Lloyds would formalise the rules for constructing composite ships, the rules for which were used for the design and construction of the composite Clipper ship Cutty Sark.
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She petitioned the parliament to formalise vocational education for women by creating training courses for maids, seamstresses, cooks and housewives. Under Blehr's leadership, the association also advocated for equal pay and for children born out of wedlock to have their paternity recognised legally. In 1885, since the Association for Women's Rights decided not to include women's suffrage on its agenda, Blehr co-founded the Women's Suffrage Association (Kvinnestemmerettsforeningen) under Gina Krog's leadership. A year later, she also helped to establish the Norwegian Women's Public Health Association (Norske Kvinners Sanitetsforening).
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As more Malaysian and Indonesian states joined the grouping, the IMS-GT was formed to formalise the new grouping. A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was signed on 17 December 1994 by the representatives of the participating countries; Singapore's Deputy Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, Malaysia' s International Trade and Industry Minister Datuk Seri Rafidah Aziz and Indonesia's Coordinating Minister for Trade and Industry Hartono. Even with the low wages on Batam, some companies find themselves struggling with rising costs. Nidec, a Japanese conglomerate, has moved its factory from Batam to Vietnam due to labour costs.
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Legal formalism is both a descriptive theory and a normative theory of how judges should decide cases. In its descriptive sense, formalists believe that judges reach their decisions by applying uncontroversial principles to the facts. Although the numerous decided cases imply numerous principles, formalists believe that there is an underlying logic to these principles that is straightforward and which legal experts can readily discover. The ultimate goal of formalism would be to formalise the underlying principles in a single and determinate system that could be applied mechanically (hence the label 'mechanical jurisprudence').
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Toro wants to take the Wiluna proposal to the development phase, but has not been successful in attracting equity investors. When market prices go up again, so that mine development is justified, most projects would need at least five years to proceed to production. In 2013, Prime Minister Tony Abbott supported nuclear power, saying: "nuclear power is the only proven way of generating the base load power Australia needed without producing carbon pollution". Abbott's Coalition's Resources and Energy policy says "the Coalition will formalise the agreement to sell uranium to India".
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The companies were not able to present a bill in time to Parliament to formalise the merger, but continued to be worked as one company, with negotiations between the two continuing during 1844.; Two Hull and Selby shareholders disagreed with the arrangements with the Manchester company, and in 1844 began to agitate for a re-negotiation of the distribution of receipts between the two firms. Additionally shareholders with interests in the Hull Dock company were concerned about the M&LR;'s plans to establish or improve docks at Wakefield and Goole.
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The Cambridge University Clock, set above the West door of Great St Mary's Originally, bells were hung in a wooden structure in the churchyard. In 1515 the bells were moved to the tower and the structure was dismantled. The bells were replaced in 1722 and in 1724, the Society of Cambridge Youths was formed to formalise the responsibility for ringing them. This society lays claim to being the oldest bellringing society in Britain and the second oldest at any church in the world with a continuous ringing history.
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The notion of energy quality therefore has a tendency to be linked with phenomena many scientists consider unquantifiable, or at least incommunicable, and are consequently dismissed out of hand. At the same time many people have also recognised qualitative differences in the way things can be done by different entities (both physical and biological). Humans, for example have qualitatively different capacities than many other mammals, due, in part, to their opposable thumb. In the attempt to formalise some of the qualitative differences, entities were grouped according to distinguishing features or capacities.
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While Marx used the concept of the law of value in his works Grundrisse, A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy, Theories of Surplus Value and Das Kapital, he did not explicitly formalise its full meaning in a mathematical sense, and therefore how it should be exactly defined remains to some extent a controversial topic in Marxian economics. Different economists dispute how the proportionality between exchange-value and labour-time should be mathematically understood or modeled, and about the measures which are relevant.See e.g. Ian Steedman et al.
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The Chinese government would not levy taxes on Macau nor make laws pertaining to Macau's governance. The Macau SAR would enjoy a great degree of autonomy in all but foreign affairs and defence, which would remain under Chinese control. Bearing the name of "Macau, China," Macau would enjoy the right to conclude agreements and arrangements with Portugal and international organisations for its own development. The Chinese National People's Congress would enact a "Basic Law" that would formalise the respecting of some basic principles of Chinese government in Macau, but leaving other areas untouched.
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Other theorists may try to unify, formalise, reinterpret or generalise extant theories, or create completely new ones altogether.Arguably these are the most celebrated theories in physics: Newton's theory of gravitation, Einstein's theory of relativity and Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism share some of these attributes. Sometimes the vision provided by pure mathematical systems can provide clues to how a physical system might be modeled;This approach is often favoured by (pure) mathematicians and mathematical physicists. e.g., the notion, due to Riemann and others, that space itself might be curved.
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The UNDP report blames a taboo against bureaucrats and politicians discussing toilets,"The taboo that kills 2 million kids a year". Foreign Policy, 10 November 2006 while others see a reluctance among the Nairobi authorities to formalise what they characterise as an "illegal settlement". A related concept in the United States is the "trucker bomb", described in a media report as the trucking industry practice of urinating into plastic bottles and throwing them from the vehicle as an alternative to stopping the truck or using facilities at rest stops.Llanos, Miguel (2 June 2005).
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After a short level section, the tramway divided, with one branch ascending a large incline to the Croesor quarry, and another ascending to the Rhosydd exit tramway. Both inclines descended by around and were the two highest single-pitch inclines in Wales. A deed of mutual covenant was signed on 1 October 1863 by the Rhosydd Slate Company Ltd and Hugh Beaver Roberts, the builder and owner of the Croesor Tramway, to formalise the building of the incline and connecting tramway. It also set the tolls for use of the incline at 2d (0.8p) per ton, reducing to 1d.
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The Lyttelton Times' editor, Crosbie Ward, made an imputation of unknown content, and this spurred FitzGerald to set up The Press as a rival newspaper. In February 1862, an attempt was made to form a company and formalise the ownership of the paper. A deed of association for "The Proprietors of The Press" was drafted, and it lists the five members of the previous committee (John Charles Watts-Russell, Rev. John Raven, H. P. Lance, Henry Tancred, and Harman), plus five new members: Alfred Richard Creyke, John Hall, Joseph Brittan, Isaac Cookson, and James Somerville Turnbull.
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Protector of Aborigines George Clark in "Notes on Early Life in New Zealand", cited by Waitangi Tribunal Report on the Wellington District, page 52. In November 1839 Barrett arrived in Taranaki on the Tory to negotiate the purchase of land from his wife's iwi, remaining there while Wakefield continued north to Kaipara. On February 15, 1840 he translated Deeds of Sale and obtained 72 signatures to formalise the purchase of a vast area of Taranaki, extending from Mokau to Cape Egmont and inland to the upper reaches of the Whanganui River. Payment was made with guns, blankets and other chattels.
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Published 21 March 2012 (Updated 21 March 2012)The Bermuda Regiment: The Bermuda Cadet CorpsThe Bermuda Regiment: Request for volunteer instructors for the Junior LeadersJunior Leaders, Regiment Team Up For Exercise. Bernews. 24 March, 2014 Many of the Bermuda Regiment's officers, warrant officers, and NCOs began their service in the Junior Leaders, including Lieutenant-Colonel Brian Gonsalves, who retired as Commanding Officer in 2013.Outward Bound, Bermuda. Our People: Lt Col BN Gonsalves, ED, tacsc A bill was tabled in the House of Assembly of Bermuda in 2015 to formalise the organisation of the Royal Bermuda Regiment's Junior Leaders.
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Just Racing: Did You Know These Harness Racing Facts? Retrieved 2010-5-19 In 1902 the New South Wales Trotting Club was established to formalise harness racing after the Government had banned unregistered racing. On 19 November 1902, the inaugural meeting was held on the Forest Lodge course as it was then known, later known as Epping until 21 March 1929, and then afterwards known as Harold Park.Harold Park history Retrieved 2010-5-15 A mobile barrier was first used at Harold Park, New South Wales track on 2 November 1956 in a mile race won by Mineral Spring in 2:01.2.
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The GAA sought to promote traditional Irish sports, such as hurling and to reject imported games like Rugby and Association football. The first Gaelic football rules were drawn up by Maurice Davin and published in the United Ireland magazine on 7 February 1887. Davin's rules showed the influence of games such as hurling and a desire to formalise a distinctly Irish code of football. The prime example of this differentiation was the lack of an offside rule (an attribute which, for many years, was shared only by other Irish games like hurling, and by Australian rules football).
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The Institute of Legal Executives (Victoria) was set up in 1966 and represents legal executives in the state of Victoria, it works with the Institute of Legal Executives (Australia) which was formed in 1994 and represents legal executives in the rest of Australia. Both Legal Executives organisations in Australia work to formalise legal training and promote education for the position of Legal Executive.About the Institute of Legal Executives Australia They award Diplomas, Certificates in Professional Legal studies, as well as prizes and bursaries for students. In South Australia the law society provides an equivalent association for paralegals.
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Afterwards, two SNP MPs Angus Robertson and Angus MacNeil sought to formalise this position by submitting a motion to the SNP conference in October 2012 which included the line: "An SNP Government will maintain NATO membership subject to an agreement that Scotland will not host nuclear weapons and NATO continues to respect the right of members to only take part in UN sanctioned operations." By August, SNP leader Alex Salmond faced rebellion from party MSPs. The party had already begun advising MSPs to avoid speaking about NATO in public, but a number went on to send amendments to conference backing continued NATO opposition.
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George Brown was later dispatched to Washington by Prime Minister Alexander Mackenzie to influence British-American trade talks. The British government desired to formalise Canada's representation abroad, rather than deal with so many informal lobbyists and so in 1880, Alexander Tilloch Galt became the first High Commissioner sent from a dominion to Britain. When it came time to respond to imperial conflicts, Canada maintained a low profile, especially during the Sudan Campaign. When Britain sided mostly with the United States during the Alaska boundary dispute, that marked a low point in pro-British sentiment in Canada.
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The Wynnstay Arms Hotel, Ruabon. Provisionally known as the "Cambrian Football Association", the Football Association of Wales was founded at a meeting held on 2 February 1876 at the Wynnstay Arms Hotel in Wrexham, initially to formalise the arrangements for the forthcoming match against Scotland. In May 1876, a further meeting was called, this time in the ballroom of the identically named Wynnstay Arms Hotel in Ruabon where the name was agreed as the "Football Association of Wales" and the constitution was drawn up. The arguments and discussions continued so long that the local policeman came in to call time.
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UCU followed an internal referendum with an industrial action ballot to formalise the boycott of IfL fees. Before the ballot was concluded however, IfL published guidelines which stated that IfL members who had not renewed their membership by 22 July would have their status changed to "lapsed". An IfL spokeswoman said individual membership lapsing following non-payment by the due date is "standard practice in other regulated professions, such as medicine or law". As membership was then compulsory for FE teachers by law, this would have led to them being prevented from teaching, the IfL confirmed.
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Language brings distinctiveness, a sense of > localness and a whole new set of skills all of which are important qualities > in attracting the creative economy. It is fundamental to the Island's > identity. This objective is to work with these organisations to help in the > revival and status of the language. In September 2009 a partnership agreement was signed by the Minister for Education, Sport and Culture and the President of Le Don Balleine to formalise the rôle of L'Office du Jèrriais in protecting and promoting Jèrriais and to develop a language plan to help make the language more prominent on a daily basis.
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In mathematics a stack or 2-sheaf is, roughly speaking, a sheaf that takes values in categories rather than sets. Stacks are used to formalise some of the main constructions of descent theory, and to construct fine moduli stacks when fine moduli spaces do not exist. Descent theory is concerned with generalisations of situations where isomorphic, compatible geometrical objects (such as vector bundles on topological spaces) can be "glued together" within a restriction of the topological basis. In a more general set-up the restrictions are replaced with pullbacks; fibred categories then make a good framework to discuss the possibility of such gluing.
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The season picks up at the exact point the previous season ended, with Lorelai embarking on a relationship with Luke and Rory beginning an affair with married Dean. Having finally admitted they are separated, Richard and Emily formalise things by having Richard move into the pool house, with the girls splitting Friday nights between the two of them. Dean's marriage to Lindsay comes to an abrupt end when she finds a letter Rory wrote to him about their night together. He and Rory try dating again but have difficulty spending time together and quickly split for good.
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Under Dutch law, a samenlevingscontract is a written agreement loosely translated as "cohabitation agreement". It has been compared to marriage, but merely governs the so-called property relationships between two or more persons who are cohabiting. It does not necessarily imply a marriage-like (or sexual) relationship exists, but the contract can include agreements about any children within the cohabitation arrangement. Since the 1980s the contract has been popular among two different groups in Dutch society: people who wanted to formalise their relationship, but did not want to marry, and people who wanted to marry but could not legally do so.
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Evidence soon mounted that the mission's employees were also involved in propaganda activities, and the mission was expelled in 1929. However trade links grew during the 1930s, and overtures from figures in the Egyptian government to Soviet diplomatic representatives took place during the Second World War. The Egyptian ambassador in London, , met with his Soviet counterpart, Ivan Maisky, and suggested a resumption of diplomatic relations. After negotiations between the diplomats, an official approach from Egyptian Prime Minister Mostafa El- Nahas was accepted by the Soviet government, and Maisky and El-Nahas met in Alexandria to formalise relations on 26 August 1943.
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The role that CPPCC plays in the Chinese government is stated in the preamble of the PRC Constitution. In practice, its role and powers are somewhat analogous to an advisory legislative upper house and there have been proposals to formalise this role in the PRC Constitution, making it a de facto national senate. But according to China's official Xinhua News Agency, it is neither a body of state power nor a policymaking organ, but an important platform for democratically participating in state affairs. In practice, CPPCC members serve as advisors for the government and legislative and judicial organs.
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The rewrite rules of the ZX-calculus can be implemented formally as an instance of double-pushout rewriting. This has been used in the software Quantomatic to allow automated rewriting of ZX-diagrams (or more general string diagrams). In order to formalise the usage of the "dots" to denote any number of wires, such as used in the spider fusion rule, this software uses bang-box notation to implement rewrite rules where the spiders can have any number of inputs or outputs. A more recent project to handle ZX- diagrams is PyZX, which is primarily focused on circuit optimisation.
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EEA family permits are available from any entry clearance issuing post (most embassies and consulates) outside the UK, and are issued for six months at a time. A family member who wishes to stay in the UK for more than six months can apply for a residence card to formalise their right of abodeUK Government, "Apply for a UK residence card" (or for a family member residence stamp in the first 12 months where the EEA national family member is a national of a newly joined member state for which transitional restrictions on the freedom of movement of persons still apply).
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After 1267 however, generally only a manor's unfree tenants could be compelled to attend. By the 13th century compilations of precedents such as Le Court de Baron had begun to appear, partly to standardise and formalise the proceedings of the courts baron, but also in response to increasing competition from the common law courts, which were administered nationwide under the authority of the monarch. As it became increasingly acknowledged by the legal establishment during the 15th and 16th centuries that custom had "a secure place in law", plaintiffs were able to resort to the common law courts to resolve their differences over tenure rather than the court baron.
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In a notable coup, in 1815, Nathan spreads the rumour that Napoleon had won the Battle of Waterloo, causing London stock prices to collapse. He then bought a large quantity of equities at the bottom of the market, profiting handsomely as prices rose once the truth about the battle emerged. In a decade, the Rothschilds have accumulated a fortune of £11 million by using the Elector's money. Nathan returns the original capital to the Elector, plus only a small amount of interest, keeping the great bulk of the profits for the Rothschilds, and plans to formalise a Europe wide network of family led financial institutions.
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RadioDNS was originally created as a collaborative project between Global Radio (at that time called GCap Media) and the BBC, to investigate creating a mechanism for linking Broadcast Radio and IP delivered webservices. The concept was first presented to the WorldDMB Technical Committee in Munich in May 2008. Interest in the project grew, to the extent where it was necessary to formalise the project. The First General Meeting of RadioDNS was hosted by the European Broadcasting Union in Geneva in October 2009 EBU Technical Journal - RadioDNS Gets Formal In Geneva, tech.ebu.ch The Second General Meeting of RadioDNS (held on 16 February 2010 in Geneva) adopted the Statutes,RadioDNS Statutes, radiodns.
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No doubt a spring of water, the branch of the Kororoit Creek which passed there, was vital.Bald Hill Hotel Buttlejorrk circa 1890 However, when John Chandler and his horses arrived there "nearly famished" some years beforehand he had had to buy five buckets of water, at two shillings a bucket, at a shanty. Hotels (the Gap Inn, the Manchester and the Bald Hill) and stores were erected in the vicinity, and in 1854 the Government moved to formalise the township. The original Gap Inn and a store (in which a post office was established in 1856) were located centrally on a block of the main street on the Government’s later survey.
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The Siachen Glacier region in the eastern Karakoram range in the Himalaya mountains has been the site of intermittent conflict between India and Pakistan for several decades. In 1949, a ceasefire line was negotiated between the two countries in an effort to resolve the competing territorial claims of the violent Kashmir conflict. The agreement, however, did not clearly delineate Siachen as either Indian or Pakistani, and competing claims to the barren, unpopulated area began to escalate. Both sides issued numerous mountaineering permits for the area during the 1970s and 1980s, fearing that the other's expeditions indicated plans to formalise control over the glacier and its surroundings.
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Published 21 March 2012 (Updated 21 March 2012)The Bermuda Regiment: The Bermuda Cadet CorpsThe Bermuda Regiment: Request for volunteer instructors for the Junior LeadersRoyal Bermuda Regiment: Junior Leaders head to the UK Many of the Bermuda Regiment's officers, warrant officers and NCOs began their service in the Junior Leaders, including the former Commanding Officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Brian Gonsalves Outward Bound, Bermuda. Our People. Board of Directors: Lt Col BN Gonsalves, ED, tacsc and the current Commanding Officer, Lieutenant-Colonel David Curley. A bill was tabled in the House of Assembly of Bermuda in 2015 to formalise the organisation of the Royal Bermuda Regiment's Junior Leaders.
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The collective was first conceived in Brisbane in 1997. At its initial meeting, proppaNOW proposed to form as a group of Aboriginal Australian artists who would support each other's work and "change ideas that people had about what Aboriginal art is and what it should be". The trigger to formalise the collective came in March 2004 soon after Queensland’s Premier, Peter Beattie, established QIAMEA (Queensland Indigenous Artists Marketing Export Agency) to promote and market Queensland Indigenous art. The artists were concerned that QIAMEA’s focus was initially directed towards the remote regions of Queensland such as Mornington Island, Aurukun and Lockhart River, thus reinforcing cultural stereotypes.
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It is believed that people have been collecting paper money for as long as it has been in use. While people began collecting paper currency more systematically in the 1940s, the turning point occurred in the 1970s when notaphily was established as a separate area by collectors. The term was devised in this decade by a group of employees working for the collectors and investments firm Stanley Gibbons, in a successful attempt to formalise and encourage interest in the area. At the same time, some developed countries such as the United States, Germany and France began publishing their respective national catalogues of paper money, which represented major points of reference literature.
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The treaties between Rome and Carthage are the four treaties between the two states that were signed between 509 BC and 279 BC. The treaties influenced the course of history in the Mediterranean, and are important for understanding the relationship between the two most important cities of the region during that era. They reveal changes in how Rome perceived itself and how Carthage perceived Rome, and the differences between the perception of the cities and their actual characteristics. As city-states that became empires, Rome and Carthage eventually found it necessary to formalise their reciprocal interests and zones of influence. For centuries, the two operated side by side, even as allies.
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The key argument of the book, and its 'biggest departure from the Feudal Revolution model'Theo Riches, review of Charles West, Reframing the Feudal Revolution: Political and Social Transformation between Marne and Moselle, c. 800–c. 1100, Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought, Fourth Series 90 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013), Early Medieval Europe, 24 (2016), 261--63 (p. 261). DOI: 10.1111/emed.12151 is that the ninth-century Carolingians, faced with a world in which property rights were not clearly defined, and in which the meanings of rituals were fluid and open to interpretation, spurred a drive to define and formalise social relations, now known loosely as the 'Carolingian reforms'.
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Howells, M. (2006) Ridge to Ridge: Recollections from Woodridge to Park Ridge, Logan City, Logan City Council.Other early settlers were John and George Hubner who took up farms in 1893. Although the district acquired the unofficial name of Hubner from the Hubner family, when the (then) local government Shire of Beaudesert tried to formalise it in 1987, it was instead decided to name the area Crestmead after a local housing estate. On 24 December 2012, 80 workers at the Dairy Farmers factory in the Crestmead Industrial Estate staged a protest at the factory to protest pay rates; the protest included blocking access to milk tankers.
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In August 2011, President U Thein Sein began the Call for Peace, in which he invited the armed ethnic minorities of Myanmar to begin peace talks with the government. During this time, the government also began to formalise agreements that had previously only been verbal. Following this, in November 2013, the Nationwide Ceasefire Coordination Team was formed to represent the armed ethnic minorities in discussions with the government and first represented them at a summit in Laiza at the Kachin Independence Organisation headquarters. A significant step towards achieving peace between the different parties of the conflict is the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA), that was drafted in 2014.
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By 2007 the construction of the Theological Education and Church Resource Building, begun in 2005, was completed. With the increased size of its campus, CLS was able to broaden its outreach, in 2008 becoming a base for a variety of para-church ministries, a place of worship for several congregations, and a retreat centre. In 2011 the Seminary completed its ‘School History Room’, and celebrated the 45th anniversary of its opening. 2012 saw the Seminary formalise its relationship with Lutheran Theological Seminary, Hong Kong. Both organisations signed a ‘sister seminary cooperation memorandum’, with the aim of furthering the outreach and collaborative effectiveness of each seminary.
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Beyond stripping the tribunate of its powers, the last provision was intended to prevent ambitious youth from seeking the office by making it a dead end. Sulla also permanently enlarged the senate by promoting a large number of equestrians from the Italian countryside as well as automatically inducting the now-20 quaestors elected each year into the senate. The senatorial class was so enlarged to staff newly-created permanent courts. The purpose of these reforms was in an attempt to formalise and strengthen the legal system so prevent political players from emerging with too much power as well as make them accountable to the enlarged senatorial class.
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The land adjoining the long sandy beach at Cap d'Agde was owned for many years by the Oltra family who farmed the olive groves behind the sand dunes adjoining the beach. After the Second World War the brothers Oltra noticed that people were coming in increasing numbers to camp on their land, and that many of these people liked to bathe and to sunbathe nude. The Oltra brothers began to formalise arrangements for campers on their land, and this subsequently led to the creation of the Oltra Club which is a caravanning and camping resort. The camp grew increasingly popular, especially with young families.
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The early ownership, beyond the newspaper having been financed by Watts-Russell, is unclear. In February 1862, an attempt was made to form a company and formalise the ownership of the paper. A deed of association for "The Proprietors of The Press" was drafted, and it lists the five members of the previous committee (Watts-Russell, Raven, Lance, Tancred, and Harman), plus five new members: Alfred Richard Creyke, John Hall, Joseph Brittan, Isaac Cookson, and James Somerville Turnbull. Surprisingly, the deed was not executed, but four-month later, FitzGerald, who had no funds, was the sole owner "through the liberality of the proprietors", as he called it later.
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In the series finale, an image of what appears to be Lisa's ghost is used to bring Ianto to mutiny against Jack, but still later when Jack (who cannot stay dead) returns to life, he and Ianto immediately kiss one another. Torchwoods second series (2008) begins with the team working without Jack, who departed the Hub at the end of series one to reunite with the mysterious "Doctor" from his past. Ianto's role within the team now more frequently includes field missions, to accommodate Jack's absence. When Jack returns in the series two premiere, having seen the end of the world, he attempts to formalise his romantic relationship with Ianto, successfully asking him on a date.
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In the latter case CheckReveal can often be seen as a derandomised version of Commit, with the randomness used by Commit constituting the opening information. If the commitment C to a value x is computed as C:=Commit(x,open) with open the randomness used for computing the commitment, then CheckReveal (C,x,open) simply consists in verifying the equation C=Commit (x,open). Using this notation and some knowledge about mathematical functions and probability theory we formalise different versions of the binding and hiding properties of commitments. The two most important combinations of these properties are perfectly binding and computationally hiding commitment schemes and computationally binding and perfectly hiding commitment schemes.
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When Guardiola re-organised the reserve side, he set up a three-staged program to formalise the advancement from Juvenil to Barcelona B and finally to the first team. The first stage of a youth player's career involves a rotation scheme with Barcelona B. The second stage involves making the player aware of his importance to the team and the expectation that the player will improve cohesion and performance within the reserve side. In the last stage, he is designated a "key" player of the B team and might be called to the first team. One of the players in the third phase is made captain, regardless of the experience of older players.
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There they would turn north under Hammersmith Grove and east under Goldhawk Road, to terminate on the south side of Shepherd's Bush Green near to the CLR's Shepherd's Bush terminus. The DR also publicised two further bills for the 1903 session. The first included provisions to formalise the agreement for the GNP&BR; to build the section of the deep-level line between South Kensington and West Kensington, including the deep-level platforms at Earl's Court. The second bill sought permission to extend the deep-level line from its eastern end at Mansion House by following beneath the existing sub-surface tracks to Whitechapel, where the line would connect to the existing sub-surface lines to Mile End.
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Karigan's eye becomes incredibly painful, she keeps it covered with a patch and its prophetic properties are a closely guarded secret. Throughout the winter Karigan resumes her arms trains and the kings elite guard, the Weapons, deem her heroic deeds and combat skills worthy to formalise her status as swordmaster and honorary weapon imbuing her with more titles, responsibilities and benefits. Meanwhile, King Zachary of Sacoridia is struggling with his feelings for Karigan, and is becoming increasingly fatigued with his duty as king and as husband to new wife, Queen Estora. After their highly traumatic deathbed wedding, their relationship is somewhat strained, however Estora quickly becomes pregnant with twins which does begin to mend the rift.
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Earlier attempts to affiliate with the CCPSO had been rejected, due to the AAESDA's sizeable private sector membership. The union would remain affiliated until 1981, when CAGEO merged into the ACTU. During the 1950s and 60s the AAESDA was heavily involved in the design and development of technical education courses to train and qualify employees in the expanding technical fields, which fell outside the traditional apprenticeship or university systems. Unlike many of the traditional craft unions, the AAESDA did not attempt to restrict or regulate entry into the occupations it covered, but rather encouraged its members to gain recognised qualifications to help formalise the position of technical workers in the structure of the award system.
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However, the sharp increase in corrupt activities during the 1990s led the Party to change course. Under Wei Jianxing, the 15th CCDI reviewed an estimated 1,600 corruption-related party regulations and documents in the run-up to the 16th National Congress; of these, an estimated 1,100 were still considered viable. During this period, it published "Plan for Building Honest Morals and Controlling Corruption from 2004 to 2007" and the six-volume "Complete Regulations on Building Honest Morals and Controlling Corruption Within the Party" in an effort to institutionalise the Party's anti-corruption system. To formalise its procedures, the 16th CCDI Standing Committee passed regulations requiring all local CDIs to combat corruption with lawful methods.
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Labor leftists continued to formalise their organisation into the 1980s. In Tasmania, the Broad Left formalised itself in 1983, having taken control of the state party after reforms democratised it in 1976. In the Australian Capital Territory, the Left Caucus was founded after a left candidate was not preselected in 1982. However, the Left were unable to translate their organisational advances into a presence in the Hawke Government: although about a third of the Parliamentary caucus were aligned with the Left at the time, only one member was appointed to Hawke's first cabinet, Stewart West: leading left-winger Brian Howe placed high in the ministry ballot, but was relegated to a junior ministerial position.
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This astrology had some parallels with Hellenistic Greek (western) astrology, including the zodiac, a norming point near 9 degrees in Aries, the trine aspect, planetary exaltations, and the dodekatemoria (the twelve divisions of 30 degrees each). The Babylonians viewed celestial events as possible signs rather than as causes of physical events. The system of Chinese astrology was elaborated during the Zhou dynasty (1046–256 BCE) and flourished during the Han Dynasty (2nd century BCE to 2nd century CE), during which all the familiar elements of traditional Chinese culture – the Yin-Yang philosophy, theory of the five elements, Heaven and Earth, Confucian morality – were brought together to formalise the philosophical principles of Chinese medicine and divination, astrology and alchemy.
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In May 1956, Hill attempted to formalise the existing agreement by which discussions or statements about matters before Parliament could not be broadcast in the fortnight preceding any debate (the 'fourteen-day rule'). However, the Suez Crisis rendered this policy unworkable in practice and the government agreed to its suspension at the end of the year. Hill, who had been uneasy about the implications of the rule for freedom of expression, was relieved. From 1957 to 1961, he was Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and from 1961 he was Minister of Housing and Local Government and Welsh Affairs, but he lost his place in the Cabinet in Harold Macmillan's 'Night of the Long Knives' reshuffle in 1962.
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She is reluctant to leave what she thinks is the financial security of her marriage to formalise her relationship with Erroll (who has no funds or prospects), unaware that Her husband is deep in debt. Privately humiliated but appearing to honour their agreement, Delves Broughton publicly toasts the couple's affair at the club in Nairobi, asking Erroll to bring Diana home at a specified time. Delves Broughton appears to be extremely intoxicated for the rest of the evening; once he is alone it is clear he was feigning drunkenness. After dropping off Diana, Erroll is shot dead in his car not far from the home of Delves Broughton, who is soon charged with the murder.
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Over time, some food conspiracies went on to formalise as food cooperatives, bulk and natural foods distributors or developed as larger buying groups with a paid organiser. However, the conspiracy model - then and now - seeks to provide food to members by accomplishing all needed tasks collectively, without paid staff or a store front presence. The trading name "Food Conspiracy" is used by a long- established wholefood co-op in Tucson, Arizona which originated in 1971 with local political activists who formed a buying club to address difficulties in finding natural and organic food. The following year, it opened a storefront and since 1974 has operated from its present home at 412 N. Fourth Avenue.
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In a category , a relation between objects and is a span of morphisms X\gets R\to Y that is jointly monic. Two such spans X\gets S\to Y and X\gets T\to Y are considered equivalent when there is an isomorphism between and that make everything commute; strictly speaking, relations are only defined up to equivalence (one may formalise this either by using equivalence classes or by using bicategories). If the category has products, a relation between and is the same thing as a monomorphism into (or an equivalence class of such). In the presence of pullbacks and a proper factorization system, one can define the composition of relations.
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The system of Presburger arithmetic consists of a set of axioms for the natural numbers with just the addition operation (multiplication is omitted). Presburger arithmetic is complete, consistent, and recursively enumerable and can encode addition but not multiplication of natural numbers, showing that for Gödel's theorems one needs the theory to encode not just addition but also multiplication. Dan Willard (2001) has studied some weak families of arithmetic systems which allow enough arithmetic as relations to formalise Gödel numbering, but which are not strong enough to have multiplication as a function, and so fail to prove the second incompleteness theorem; these systems are consistent and capable of proving their own consistency (see self-verifying theories).
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By the 18th century, the Board of the College was moved to urgently rectify and formalise the state of its pre-clinical medical education. In 1710 it approved both the construction of a two-storey "Elaboratory" to the west of College Park in Trinity (at the site of the current Berkeley Library), and the establishment of lectureships in anatomy, chemistry and botany. The building was designed by Thomas Burgh and was formally opened on 11 August of the following year with lecture facilities, a dissecting room, a museum and a chemical laboratory. For clinical training, students would then rely on tutorials from the Professor of Physic, and on lectures from same at the Royal College of Physicians.
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A clause to formalise this arrangement was removed by Parliament from a subsequent Act in 1868, but the practice of free passage through the gates but not the lock continued. The lock was rebuilt in 1900, when its length was reduced to , and a second lock of the same size was built next to it in 1931. Extreme high tides continued to flow over the top of the lock, inundating the Limehouse Cut until 2000, when a flood wall and a second set of gates were installed, enabling to lock to be used at all states of the tide and preventing overtopping. Funding for the project was provided by the London Waterway Partnership.
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In July 2011, the Constitutional Court ruled in a landmark decision that same-sex couples have the right to marry in Colombia. The Colombian Congress had to create an equivalent of marriage for same-sex couples by 20 June 2013, or else couples would automatically gain the right to go to any judge or public notary to formalise their union, according to the ruling. As the Colombia Congress failed to pass a same-sex marriage bill by that date, the courts instead began approving marriages themselves. The issue of same-sex marriage once again came before the Constitutional Court in 2015 after the country's Inspector General requested that the Court invalidate all the same-sex marriages approved in Colombia.
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Sir William was mercilessly lampooned in the press, but his sister observed that he doted on Emma and she was very attached to him. The Hamiltons moved into William Beckford's mansion at 22 Grosvenor Square, and Nelson and Fanny took an expensive furnished house at 17 Dover Street, a comfortable walking distance away, until December, when Sir William rented a home at 23 Piccadilly, opposite Green Park. On 1 January, Nelson's promotion to vice admiral was confirmed and he prepared to go to sea on the same night. Infuriated by Fanny's handing him an ultimatum to choose between her and his mistress, Nelson chose Emma and decided to take steps to formalise separation from his wife.
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East Gippsland TAFE had its origins in early technical and vocational education during the late nineteenth century in the Bairnsdale School of Mines and the Sale and Bairnsdale Technical Schools. East Gippsland TAFE signed an affiliation agreement with RMIT University on 4 February 2003.EGIT and RMIT formalise affiliation in Australian Library News, 6 February 2003 as referenced by Australasian Business Intelligence, 7 February 2003 In November 2011 East Gippsland TAFE changed their name to Advance TAFE. Effective from 1 May 2014, Advance TAFE and the Central Gippsland Institute of TAFE were amalgamated and renamed 'Federation Training' pursuant to an order by the Governor in Council, State of Victoria, made under the Education and Training Reform Act 2006 (Vic).
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P. Bich Une extension discontinue du théorème du point fixe de Schauder, et quelques applications en économie Institut Henri Poincaré, Paris (2007) Brouwer's celebrity is not exclusively due to his topological work. The proofs of his great topological theorems are not constructive,For a long explanation, see: and Brouwer's dissatisfaction with this is partly what led him to articulate the idea of constructivity. He became the originator and zealous defender of a way of formalising mathematics that is known as intuitionism, which at the time made a stand against set theory.Later it would be shown that the formalism that was combatted by Brouwer can also serve to formalise intuitionism, with some modifications.
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Neo-Keynesian IS–LM model is used to analyse the effect of demand shocks on the economy In the late 1930s and 1940s, economists (notably John Hicks, Franco Modigliani, and Paul Samuelson) attempted to interpret and formalise Keynes's writings in terms of formal mathematical models. In what had become known as the neoclassical synthesis, they combined Keynesian analysis with neoclassical economics to produce neo-Keynesian economics, which came to dominate mainstream macroeconomic thought for the next 40 years. By the 1950s, Keynesian policies were adopted by almost the entire developed world and similar measures for a mixed economy were used by many developing nations. By then, Keynes's views on the economy had become mainstream in the world's universities.
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Quaker House in Brussels. A small, informal Quaker presence in Brussels was already in existence in the 1970s, consisting of both locals and foreign bureaucrats living in the city. Motivated by both the increasing international profile of Brussels and the linguistic schism taking place in Belgium at the time, steps were taken to formalise this presence from 1975 onwards. The newly-established Brussels Monthly Meeting began issuing a regular newsletter, Around Europe, still published today, which rapidly became a source of updates on European political developments for Quakers around the world. This galvanised support for a “Quaker International Affairs Representative” to be posted in Brussels, as well as for an associated body to oversee their work.
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His work on the Mount Victoria tunnel had introduced Downer to Arch McLean, George McLean (who had supplied some of the plant for the tunnel) and Billy Mill. After the tunnel was completed in 1931 Downer and George McLean worked together on the development and operation of an alluvial gold claim at Ruatapu on the West Coast. When this project folded after 18 months Downer, Arch McLean, George McLean and Billy Mill in preparation for a bid for potential work with the Dunedin City Council decided to formalise their working relationship and formed Downer & Company on the 5 July 1933. The new company subsequently won the contract with the Dunedin City, which was for construction of a surge tank and tunnel on the Waipori Hydroelectric Scheme.
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He adopted a different approach from that of Emir Sulemanu. He officially appointed Dabo to the office of Sarkin bai, and placed him in charge of all the territories ranging from between Ungogo north of Kano city to Kunchi near the northwestern boundaries of the Kano Emirate with the Katsina and Daura Emirates and Babura near the northeastern boundary of Kano with Damagaran (now Zinder in the Niger Republic) as their fiefdom. And he restored to him Kunya and the other villages, which Emir Sulemanu had seized from him during their disagreement. To formalise the new situation with the Dambazawa, he appointed his daughter Fatsumatu Zara (daughter of his senior wife Shekara) to the title of Magajiya ( the first Fulani Magajiya in Kano).
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Daniel Günther, Minister President of the state of Schleswig-Holstein where Kiel is located, complained in public over the decision to engage in a European tender, considering German know-how and jobs to be threatened by the governments decision. He reiterated that the construction of surface warfare ships ought to be listed as a "key technology" (Schlüsseltechnologie) which would formalise the governments ability (but not obligation) to exclude tenders on surface ships from EU competition law. According to Schleswig-Holsteins Minister of the Economy, Bernd Buchholz (FDP), this is a common practise in other European countries where government can even directly own stakes in national shipyards. He especially criticized that knowledge-intensive activities such as research and development would be occurring in the Netherlands.
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The Misak-ı Millî ("national oath") sought to include the Mosul Vilayet in the proposals for the new borders of a Turkish nation in 1920. Following the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, the Iraqi Turkmen wanted Turkey to annex the Mosul Vilayet and for them to become part of an expanded state;. this is because, under the Ottoman monarchy, the Iraqi Turkmen enjoyed a relatively trouble- free existence as the administrative and business classes. However, due to the demise of the Ottoman monarchy, the Iraqi Turkmen participated in elections for the Constituent Assembly; the purpose of these elections was to formalise the 1922 treaty with Britain and obtain support for the drafting of a constitution and the passing of the 1923 Electoral law.
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So Annabel talks of how they met at a sales conference; how they saw films together, her liking romantic comedies, him liking violent blockbusters; how they started sleeping together and married to formalise the arrangement; how one day he snapped over something trivial and hit her; how sweet he was when he apologised afterwards; how distant he grew the rest of the time; how she ended up provoking him to get his attention this way. Miriam asks if she enjoyed being hit, adding that she doesn't know any more if she enjoyed what happened to her. She muses the people you hurt most are the people you love, and before returning indoors, says to Annabel: "I love you". As soon as Miriam leaves, the lights go out.
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With such infrastructure in place and the concomitant increase in the securities business the decision was taken to establish a securities market within a framework of established Rules and Regulations to facilitate the development of the domestic capital market. The establishment of the Stock Exchange under the provisions of the Securities Industry Act 1981 was a natural extension of the policy to formalise the securities market in Trinidad and Tobago. This Act was proclaimed on 23 October 1981 and the Stock Exchange was formally opened on 26 October 1981 under the auspices of the Ministry of Finance. Over the years and leading up to the current time, there was no doubt that the original Securities Law, that is, The Securities Industry Act, 1981 became ineffective.
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While the Cure Salée has been taking place for several hundred years, independence from France in 1960 brought the involvement of the central government from Niamey, and the attempt to formalise it as a national festival and tourist attraction. During the last in a long line of Tuareg insurgencies (See: Tuareg Rebellion) against the central government, from 1990-1995, InGall was a prime fortification of the Niger armed forces, and no official Cure Salee was held. In September 2000, a "Flamme du Paix" ceremonial 'Burning of Weapons'BBC News Monday, 25 September, 2000, 16:03 GMT. Niger destroys arms to celebrate peace. by the rebel and government forces in Agadez forced the first Cure Salée following the final peace dealsBBC News, Monday, 23 March, 1998, 19:22 GMT.
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David Shepherd's BR Standard Class 9F No.92203 Black Prince at Longmoor Military Railway, June 1968 The original Woolmer Light Railway was fully authorised by an Act of Parliament in 1902. In 1905, the London and South Western Railway had opened the Bentley and Bordon Light Railway, linking to a new station at . The War Office decided to formalise the Woolmer Light Railway as a full-time instructional installation, having had to move the 8th and 10th Railway Companies of the Royal Engineers from Chatham, to support the 53rd Company at Longmoor for the hut moving task. Due to the steep grades of the Woolmer Light Railway, quickly surveyed but overcome by anchored steam power, the Royal Engineers surveyed an amended alignment for the proposed standard gauge line, running closer to the Whitehill – Greatham road.
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Young New Zealand First was formally incorporated into the NZ First party structure in 2015. This incorporation was the subject of controversy within the party. Young NZ First had repeatedly attempted to formalise its relationship with the party without success. This led to problems when Rolinson was cited by media as being the leader of the NZ First youth wing, despite such a thing not officially existing. In 2015, Winston Peters released a statement that the NZ First youth wing did not exist and that Rolinson had been “told countless times never to call himself the president or leader of a youth wing.” Despite this, Young New Zealand First formally became part of the party, with a role set by the party's constitution, after a remit passed at the party's 2015 convention.
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Marius Gratidianus's popular support and cult had ended in his public and spectacular death in 82 BC, at the hands of his enemies in the Senate; likewise Caesar's murder now marked an hubristic connection between living divinity and death. Octavian had to respect the overtures of his Eastern allies, acknowledge the nature and intent of Hellenic honours and formalise his own pre-eminence among any possible rivals: he must also avoid a potentially fatal identification in Rome as a monarchic-deistic aspirant. It was decided that cult honours to him could be jointly offered to dea Roma, at cult centres to be built at Pergamum and Nicomedia. Provincials who were also Roman citizens were not to worship the living emperor, but might worship dea Roma and the divus Julius at precincts in Ephesus and Nicaea.
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Despite this, the greater lasting benefits of the Swynnerton plan proposals were that they were accepted in full by the Royal Commission, which went further with them, recommending the removal of all racial and political barriers inhibiting the free movement of land, labour, and capital, and the recognition of private interests in land. Although the two recommendations were accepted with some modifications to suit the European farmers, they set the stage for an impending land settlement programme intended to formalise greater African participation in agriculture, the mainstay of Kenya's economy. These twin policies of land consolidation and removal of all barriers to the functioning of land market were put into practise by 1960, and enabled a reconciliation between the departing colonial authority and the leaders of an independent Kenya.
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All of the coloured ensigns contain the union flag as part of the design. The Court of the Lord Lyon, which has legal jurisdiction in heraldic matters in Scotland, confirms that the Union Jack "is the correct flag for all citizens and corporate bodies of the United Kingdom to fly to demonstrate their loyalty and their nationality." On 5 February 2008, Conservative MP Andrew Rosindell introduced the 'Union Flag Bill' as a private member's bill under the 10 Minute Rule in the House of Commons. The Bill sought to formalise the position of the Union Flag as the national flag of the UK in law, to remove legal obstacles to its regular display and to officially recognise the name 'Union Jack' as having equal status with 'Union Flag'.
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A. N. Prior created modern temporal logic, closely related to modal logic, in 1957 by adding modal operators [F] and [P] meaning "eventually" and "previously". Vaughan Pratt introduced dynamic logic in 1976. In 1977, Amir Pnueli proposed using temporal logic to formalise the behaviour of continually operating concurrent programs. Flavors of temporal logic include propositional dynamic logic (PDL), propositional linear temporal logic (PLTL), linear temporal logic (LTL), computation tree logic (CTL), Hennessy–Milner logic, and T. The mathematical structure of modal logic, namely Boolean algebras augmented with unary operations (often called modal algebras), began to emerge with J. C. C. McKinsey's 1941 proof that S2 and S4 are decidable, and reached full flower in the work of Alfred Tarski and his student Bjarni Jónsson (Jónsson and Tarski 1951–52).
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Conventionally, armies and other services or branches that use army-style rank titles have two grades of lieutenant, but a few also use a third, more junior, rank. Historically, the "lieutenant" was the deputy to a "captain", and as the rank structure of armies began to formalise, this came to mean that a captain commanded a company and had several lieutenants, each commanding a platoon. Where more junior officers were employed as deputies to the lieutenant, they went by many names, including second lieutenant, sub-lieutenant, ensign and cornet. Some parts of the British Army, including the Royal Artillery, Royal Engineers and fusilier regiments, used first lieutenant as well as second lieutenant until the end of the 19th century, and some British Army regiments still preserve cornet as an official alternative to second lieutenant.
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104-105 Now occupying the leading position in the British trade union movement, the TUC decided to formalise its activities. Its committee was re-established as the "Parliamentary Committee", indicating that, at that time, the TUC was focused on lobbying the Parliament of the United Kingdom to enact new legislation favourable to workers, and to ensure that current legislation was enforced.University of Warwick, "The Trades Union Congress, 1936-1939: Its history and organisation" Trade union membership grew rapidly during the life of the committee, and it was enlarged on several occasions, settling for a time at 12 members, then reaching a maximum of 16. After a rail strike in 1919 was resolved by mediation, Ernest Bevin proposed that the TUC should take on a mediation role throughout the movement.
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Downing Street in the late 1980s, before the gates were installedThe public right of way along Downing Street has not been extinguished nor subject to a gating order and the road retains the status of a public highway maintained by Westminster City Council. Public access was curtailed by relying on common law powers to prevent breach of the peace (although its legality has been questioned by a correspondent for New Statesman magazine). In 2005, Westminster City Council used anti-terrorism powers contained in the Civil Contingencies Act 2004 to formalise the restrictions by means of a traffic management order. This by implication results in Downing Street being inaccessible to the general public as admittance is only granted by the Police to scheduled visitors, Parliamentary pass holders and members of the accredited press.
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West argues that while many aspects of Carolingian political life did not survive the collapse of the Carolingian Empire in the 880s, this urge to formalise did. He finds that the driver of feudalisation was not primarily the relationship between fiefs and vassals, but the formalisation of power as property rights (particularly ownership of land), which could then be exchanged. 'The ruling family's monopoly on rule was eventually lost, but in the end that was a mere matter of dynastic accident. It seems more important that had the Carolingian project continued, it would have ended in a world dominated by power so formalised and well-defined that it could in some circumstances even be thought of as property, which is more or less exactly what happened' (p. 263).
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The House of Lords committee that discussed the Statute concluded that it meant to formalise what had previously been custom in regards to the rights of peers and the monarch, and that any previous statute made without regard for this was void.Lapsey (1913) p.118 Henry Hallam concluded that, although seeming to advance the rights of the people by confirming previous custom (which included requiring the Monarch to consult the House of Commons when passing a Statute), the enactment "seems rather to limit than to enhance the supreme power of parliament, if it were meant to prohibit any future enactment of the kind by its sole authority", since the Lords Ordainers had been elected by the people; nonetheless, most historians believe it extended the Commons' rights.Lapsey (1913) p.
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At the same conference, the African National Congress President General Alfred Bitini Xuma along with delegates of the South African Indian Congress brought up the issue of the brutality of Smuts' police regime against the African Mine Workers' Strike earlier that year as well as the wider struggle for equality in South Africa. In 1948, he went further away from his previous views on segregation when supporting the recommendations of the Fagan Commission that Africans should be recognised as permanent residents of White South Africa, and not merely as temporary workers who belonged in the reserves. This was in direct opposition to the policies of the National Party that wished to extend segregation and formalise it into apartheid. There is, however, no evidence that Smuts ever supported the idea of equal political rights for blacks and whites.
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Professional wrestling in the United Kingdom, under the All In rules, had been popular in the 1930s. However, as a result of a shift in focus away from technical skill and towards violence including usage of weapons, it was banned towards the end of the decade by the London County Council. After a failed attempt to relaunch the sport with a show at Harringay Arena, Middlesex in 1947 was condemned by journalists as being "fake", Admiral-Lord Mountevans along with radio personality Commander Archibald Bruce Campbell, Maurice Webb MP and Norman Morell, an Amateur wrestling champion and professional wrestling promoter, formed a committee to formalise professional wrestling in the United Kingdom and write up a set of unified rules. Once the rules were written, they were almost universally accepted with 95% of promotions in the United Kingdom adopting them.
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Former Black Flag soldiers serving under French command, summer 1884 Encouraged by the performance of his Tonkinese auxiliaries in the campaigns of March and April 1884, Millot decided to formalise their status by creating two regiments of Tonkinese tirailleurs, each of 3,000 men, organised into three battalions of four 250-man companies and led by experienced marine infantry officers. This model had been used several years earlier in Cochinchina for the Annamese Rifle Regiment. By a decree of 12 May 1884, Millot established the 1st and 2nd Tonkinese Rifle Regiments. The two regiments were commanded respectively by Lieutenant-Colonel de Maussion and Lieutenant-Colonel Berger, two veteran officers who had distinguished themselves in Bouët and Courbet's campaigns, and their six constituent battalions were commanded by chefs de bataillon Tonnot, Jorna de Lacale, Lafont, Merlaud, Pelletier and Pizon.
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Many analysts have suggested that Chinese Indian Ocean bases are purely commercial because they would be nearly indefensible in wartime. A large component of China's efforts to establish ports and bases in the Indian Ocean is the result of a need to formalise logistics support agreements for Chinese naval forces conducting anti-piracy efforts off the Horn of Africa. In this regard, Chinese naval strategy is consistent with the interests of India and its Western allies. Chinese state- owned companies are also responsible for the construction of a railway link between Khartoum, the capital of Sudan, and Port Sudan, the country's major port on the Red Sea. Although Sudanese oil makes up only a fraction of total Chinese imports, China has invested over $10 billion in infrastructure projects in the country to take advantage of its substantial oil reserves.
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The basic principle of evolution via natural selection was outlined by Charles Darwin in his 1859 book, On the Origin of Species. Though controversial at the time, the central ideas remain largely unchanged to this date, even though much more is now known about the biological basis of inheritance. Darwin expressed his arguments verbally, but many attempts have since then been made to formalise the theory of evolution. The best known are population genetics which models inheritance at the expense of ecological detail, quantitative genetics which incorporates quantitative traits influenced by genes at many loci, and evolutionary game theory which ignores genetic detail but incorporates a high degree of ecological realism, in particular that the success of any given strategy depends on the frequency at which strategies are played in the population, a concept known as frequency dependence.
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The party continued to absorb minor factions of the communist movement throughout the 1980s, and by the mid 1980s, had emerged as the premier communist force overshadowing the pro-soviet Communist Party of Nepal - Marxist (CPN-M) led by veteran leaders Man Mohan Adhikari and Sahana Pradhan (Pushpa Lal Shrestha's widow). The party continued to move towards democratic socialism, and in 1986, elected Madan Bhandari, who would later go on to architect the people's multi-party democracy principle, as general secretary. In 1990, it formed the United Left Front with CPN-M, joined together with Nepali Congress, and organised and participated in the peaceful civil resistance of 1990. Following the subsequent end of Panchayat system in favour of constitutional monarchy, the United Left Front would go on to formalise the coalition; CPN-M and CPN-ML uniting into CPN-UML in 1991.
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The Blue Riband is awarded for the record fastest crossing by transatlantic liner. The Blue Riband records date back to the 19th century but in 1935 to encourage innovation in passenger transport and formalise Blue Riband arrangements, Harold Hales, British Member of Parliament for Hanley, commissioned and donated a four foot high, solid silver trophy, known as the Hales Trophy. The current holder of the Hales Trophy is the commercial passenger ship that holds the current eastbound record which was set by CatLinkV in July 1998 crossing at an average speed of 41.284 knots (76.5km/hr) over 2 days 20 hours and 9 minutes, breaking the record of two other ships also built at the Incat Tasmania shipyard. The High Speed catamaran Catalonia broke the record in June 1998 but only held it for a month before CatLinkV's challenge.
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By January 1971 they were fielding two XVs and the following season a third occasionally appeared. In the season 1973–74 the SRU decided to formalise the then unofficial championship and bring in a league structure, which gave Currie the entry to Edinburgh District League, Division II. Progress and promotion followed in 1976–77. The club was promoted from the District League into the National League during the 1979–80 season, where the Club would go undefeated and scored over 1,000 points. Successive promotion to Division 6 came the next year and following league reconstruction the club was in Division 5 by the start of the 1981–82 season. The rise of the club would continue with them winning promotion in 1982–83, 1985–86 and 1986–87 to arrive in Division 2 of the National League.
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Members of the Order arrived in Bermondsey in 1089 to formalise the relation. The priory was dedicated to ‘St Saviour’. We know little of this benefactor save that he was a London merchant but seems to have been (by name and title) an Englishman rather than a Norman.Annales Bermundsei It has been suggested that the mercantile dynasty of the early mediaeval period called ‘Ailwyn’ were his descendants and that Henry Fitz- Ailwyn, the first known Mayor of London (ca 1189) was one of these; we know that his daughter in law was interred in the Priory church.Survey of London "Bermondsey" John Stow 1590 The Priory’s, (from 1399 an Abbey) main site can be identified today by Abbey Street and Bermondsey Square. In Domesday 'Bermondsey' is described as ‘held’ by King William I but before him by 'Earl' Harold i.e.
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Following Queensland's agreement to participate in National Health Care Reform in 2011, an Australian Health Care Agreement was signed that required the creation of local hospital networks that would be directly funded by the Commonwealth.Australian Health Care Agreements National Healthcare Agreement 2011 In May 2012 legislation was proposed by Lawrence Springborg to formalise the conversion of the health districts created in the 2005 restructure to independent local Hospital and Health Services (HHSs).Health and Hospital Network and Other Legislation Amendment Bill 2012 Under the new arrangements the HHSs each have their own board to manage and oversee the operations of the HHS.Hospital and Health Services The boards are accountable to the minister for health, and a "system manager" Corporate Office transition to System Manager was established to provide oversight and support to each of the services.
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Gabriele Riondato, Storia del Veneto , 2000 Some historians, who investigated into the historical archive of the Austrian foreign ministry, also suggest that the referendum was a mere administrative affair to Italy, just to formalise the sovereignty on a territory already under its possession, and that no real choice nor free vote was granted to the local population.Jaromir Beran Plebiscit in razmejitev v Benečiji (1866 e 1867) (Il plebiscito e la definizione dei confini nel Veneto, 1866 e 1867 – The plebiscite and the definitions of the borders of Venetia, 1866 and 1867), 1979 The plebiscite could have been a mere demonstrationSrečko Vilhar Jadranski koledar (Calendario adriatico – Adriatic calendar), 1966, p. 86 to gain legitimacy after the bad conduct of Italy during the so-called Third War of Independence. The Kingdom of Italy adopted Italian as the official language.
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The New Zealand Land Commission was a 19th-century government inquiry into the validity of claims to land purchases by European settlers from the New Zealand Māori people made prior to 1840, when New Zealand was part of the Australian colony of New South Wales. The inquiry was designed to determine who owned what land, in order to formalise and regulate land ownership in the new colony. The commission carried out its work in two distinct sections—a three- man inquiry to examine purchases in general throughout New Zealand, and a one- man inquiry run by English lawyer William Spain to investigate just those purchases claimed by the New Zealand Company. The commissions were to advise the Governor of which claims were accepted, with the expectation that landowners would then be awarded a Crown grant to their property.
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As religion was an important factor of social cohesion, > and the ceremonies were a basic tenet of the establishment of hierarchies > and social positions, the king controlled these ceremonies and their > liturgy, associating his image and his mission with a holy design. As Paula > Marçal Lourenço commented, “The magnificent churches, the royal processions, > the Patriarchal parades, the richness of the vestments and the cult objects, > the canonisations and the solemn Te Deum, all contribute to surround the > regal figure, patron and demigod, with feelings of collective loyalty, but > also of separation, distance, divine intangibility”.Maria Paula Marçal > Lourenço cited in Ribeiro, p. 267. For example, the king going to mass was a > point when a religious ceremony was used as a place and time to formalise > hierarchies, since the proximity of any chosen courtiers to the monarch > during the liturgy established their prestige.
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The Rent (Agricultural) Act 1976 provided security of tenure for agricultural workers in tied accommodation, while the Bail Act 1976 reformed bail conditions with courts having to explain refusal of bail. The Police Act 1976 set up a Police Complaints Board "to formalise the procedure for dealing with public complaints". The Education Act 1976 limited the taking up of independent and direct grant school places and required all local authorities who had failed to do so "to submit proposals for comprehensive schools", while the Housing (Homeless Persons) Act 1977 extended local council responsibility "to provide accommodation for homeless people in their area," and instituted the right of homeless families to a permanent local council tenancy.British Social Welfare in the Twentieth Century, edited by Robert M. Page and Richard Silburn In addition, efforts were made under the Environment Secretary Peter Shore to redistribute resources toward deprived urban areas.
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On 5 July 2019, the TMC and the FFC agreed on a Sudanese transition to democracy deal, including an 11-member sovereign council with five military members, five civilian members, and one civilian chosen by consensus; a civilian cabinet; a legislative council; an investigation into the Khartoum massacre and related events; and a legal team to formalise the plan. The new Sovereignty Council would be led by a military person for 21 months and by a civilian for 18 months. On 7 July, al-Burhan, head of the TMC, stated on television that in the context of the transition deal, the TMC would be dissolved. On 4 August, the TMC, represented by Hemetti, and the FFC, represented by Ahmed Rabee, signed the Draft Constitutional Declaration, which states 70 legal articles defining the transfer of power from the TMC to the Sovereignty Council and other transitional state bodies.
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United Nations Security Council resolution 1198, adopted unanimously on 18 September 1998, after reaffirming all previous resolutions on the Western Sahara, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) until 31 October 1998. The Security Council reiterated its commitment to finding a lasting solution to the conflict in Western Sahara and its determination to hold a referendum on self- determination for the people of the territory in accordance with the Settlement Plan. The resolution then welcomed the agreement of the Moroccan authorities to formalise the presence of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in the Western Sahara and both Morocco and the Polisario Front were urged to contribute to the return of refugees eligible to vote. It called for the conclusion of Status of Forces Agreements for the deployment of MINURSO military personnel.
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In 1963, approximately fifteen pioneer Ghanaian architects who had trained in the United Kingdom and the United States met to officially plan and formalise the architectural practice, education and accreditation through a professional institution, the Ghana Institute of Architects (GIA) as the successor to Gold Coast Society of Architects (GCSA), a social club for Gold Coast-based architects founded between July and August 1954 during the British colonial era. These architects included T. S. Clerk, D. K. Dawson, J. S. K. Frimpong, P. N. K., Turkson, J. Owusu-Addo, O. T. Agyeman, A. K. Amartey, E. K. Asuako, W. S. Asamoah, M. Adu-Donkor, K. G. Kyei, C. Togobo, V. Adegbite, M. Adu Bedu and E. Kingsley Osei. T. S. Clerk was appointed the sole architect at that meeting to draft the first constitution of the Institute. He subsequently submitted his proposals and the constitutional draft and its by-laws he authored were discussed, approved and adopted.
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The Lincolnshire Regiment was also affiliated to The Lincoln and Welland Regiment of the Canadian Army. Although joint training has occurred in the past, and short-term loans of NCOs from the Lincoln & Welland Regiment have been frequent (especially for Recruit Camps and Overseas Camps), numerous attempts to formalise the affiliation with the Bermuda Regiment have been unsuccessful. Members of the ceremonial Gun Troop carry out occasional ceremonial training with the Royal Regiment of Artillery, which provides its sergeant major instructor of gunnery to conduct local courses, although the troop has no combat artillery role. As one of the units amalgamated into the Bermuda Regiment, the BMA, was an artillery unit (which history the Gun Troop commemorates), members of the regiment are entitled to join the Royal Artillery Association (RAA), which has a branch located on the grounds of the former St. George's Garrison (which had been predominantly a Royal Garrison Artillery establishment).
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During that time they each witnessed, first hand, some of the reality of disadvantaged children's lives. With experience of NGO organisations working to overcome the difficulties of lives based in poverty, these ladies after moving back to the UK wanted to keep helping such worthwhile projects, and so looked to formalise their efforts by creating a new charity. Lisa Tylee, one of Veniños founders, lived in Venezuela and says of her experience, “having worked with street and shanty town children in Caracas, I know that young people need our support and our understanding to help them improve their lives... so I hope that by raising awareness here, as well as funds, we can help these children.” From 2003, Trustees and Volunteers have put together time and effort to build the charity, to support a series of projects that are closely monitored and that are designed to make a positive impact on the lives of children living in poverty in Venezuela.
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Nor were the financial arrangements clearly laid down, and both groups resorted to issuing shares to fund the improvements, although they were not actually empowered to do so. In October 1730, the two groups decided to amalgamate, but a 1731 Act to formalise the agreement and legalise the issuing of shares was defeated because it also included powers to make further changes to the river, including the section below Barnby Dun. Finally an Act of 1733 created The Company of the Proprietors of the Navigation of the River Don, with powers to create a new cut from Bromley Sands above Rotherham to Ickles Dam. The problems presented by the river below Wilsick House, including shallows and fords at Bramwith and Stainforth, and bridges on the Dutch River that were difficult to navigate, resulted in the proprietors trying again to obtain powers to improve the lower river in 1737, but again the petition was defeated in a parliamentary committee.
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The Wynnstay Arms Hotel, Wrexham The FAW was founded at a meeting held on 2 February 1876 at the Wynnstay Arms Hotel in Wrexham, initially to formalise the arrangements for the forthcoming match against Scotland. In May 1876, a further meeting was called, this time in the ballroom of the Wynnstay Arms Hotel in Ruabon where the name "Football Association of Wales" was agreed and the constitution drawn up. The arguments and discussions continued so long that the local policeman came in to call time. > "Sadly we have no record of the words actually used by the police constable > as he stood sternly surveying the scene in the Wynnstay Arms, Ruabon, on > that May night in 1876; but what they amounted to was that even if the > gentlemen were busy forming the Football Association of Wales it was past > closing time so would they mind forming it somewhere else… "100 Years of > Welsh Soccer – The Official History of The Football Association of Wales. > Peter Corrigan, 1976.
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King and the supporters groups were planning to meet in order to formalise legal structures for trusts into which fans could put future season ticket money. This caused the Rangers board to demand that King attend a board meeting where he would explain his recent comments and the following day the club revealed it was considering an alternative loan offer on better terms than Laxey Partners from businessman George Letham. King agreed to this meeting and during a spell in Scotland in mid March, he met with several institutional investors including Laxey Partners, as well as the Union of Fans and the Plc board. The outcome from the Union of Fans meeting was an agreement for the pooling of season ticket renewal money in a trust fund which would only be released to the club when the group was granted security over Ibrox Stadium and Rangers Training Centre, however, upon meeting with the board King was informed the club had no intention of using Ibrox or Murray Park for securities on any borrowing.
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In the hope of accommodating larger shows and openings, the museum relocated to the Ball & Welch emporium in 1964 (or 1962 according to other sources). However, financial difficulties proved insurmountable and in April 1965 John resigned, and the Museum shut down a year later. The enterprise continued informally at Heidi while its new, modernist buildings were completed in 1967 to become Heide II which, not long before both died in ten days of each other, the Reeds sold in 1980 to the Victorian Government for the establishment of a public art museum and park, Heide Museum of Modern Art. A meeting of the remaining members of the Museum of Modern Art Australia to formalise its dissolution was announced on 27 July 1981 at which its permanent collection was transferred to the National Gallery of VictoriaNotification by the Chairman of Council, Pam Warrender, dated 27 July 1981, of Member's Meeting, to begin the process of the formal dissolution of The Museum and the transfer of its permanent collection to the ownership of National Gallery of Victoria.
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Evesham has a long history of market gardening activity, with some evidence that it was first popularised in the mid 17th century by the activities of a local landowner, Francis Bernadi (former Resident for the Republic of Genoa). By the early 19th century there were a number of gardeners and fruit growers in the Vale. The Custom first appeared in this period, though it was initially understood to be of the nature of a gentlemen's agreement and the landlord had no legal obligation to accept it. Pressure to formalise the customary rights of Evesham's market gardeners increased after an 1870s legal dispute between the owner of land near Evesham Abbey and his tenants, and the basic principles of the Custom were first set down by a special committee of the Vale of Evesham Agricultural Society in 1880.Robinson, G. Late Victorian Agriculture in the Vale of Evesham, 1976, p.18 Although definite records of the Evesham Custom first appear in the early-mid 19th century, some commentators in the past have assumed that the rights originated from "some earlier epoch".
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France also extended its influence in North Africa after 1870, establishing a protectorate in Tunisia in 1881 with the Bardo Treaty. Gradually, French control crystallised over much of North, West, and Central Africa by around the start of the 20th century (including the modern states of Mauritania, Senegal, Guinea, Mali, Ivory Coast, Benin, Niger, Chad, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Cameroon, the east African coastal enclave of Djibouti (French Somaliland), and the island of Madagascar). Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza helped to formalise French control in Gabon and on the northern banks of the Congo River from the early 1880s. The explorer Colonel Parfait-Louis Monteil traveled from Senegal to Lake Chad in 1890–1892, signing treaties of friendship and protection with the rulers of several of the countries he passed through, and gaining much knowledge of the geography and politics of the region. The Voulet–Chanoine Mission, a military expedition, set out from Senegal in 1898 to conquer the Chad Basin and to unify all French territories in West Africa.
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Reply to the Episcopal Clergy of Edinburgh, Rev DTK Drummond Drummond's lead formed a pattern which several other Scottish Episcopalian Churches followed.Scottish Episcopal Clergy, 1689-2000, by David Bertie Drummond's new church was St Thomas's English Episcopal Chapel on Rutland Place/Rutland Street (at the west end of Princes Street), a location which was described as "annoyingly close" to the established Episcopal Church of St John the Evangelist, Edinburgh, sitting more or less opposite the entrance to the pre-existing church. St Thomas's was designed by David Cousin, and, curiously building was begun in 1842,Buildings of Edinburgh: Scotland by Gifford, McWilliam and Walker indicating a pre-emption of the entire schism, and indicating that the series of letters to Bishop Terrot were merely to formalise an already concluded decision. The first call to a public meeting to establish a new church appears in the Caledonian Mercury newspaper on 27 October 1842, predating much of the debate between Drummond and Terrot.Caledonian Mercury (newspaper), 27 Oct 1842 Drummond's address at this time is shown as 4 Bruntsfield Place.
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In August 1840 the New South Wales Legislative Council passed the New Zealand Land Claims Bill to establish a New Zealand Land Commission, which would investigate the validity of all purchases of land in New Zealand from Māori prior to the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, which transferred sovereignty over New Zealand to the British Crown. The inquiry, by three commissioners, was designed to determine who owned what land, in order to formalise and regulate land ownership in the new colony. In late 1840 Governor George Gipps exempted all New Zealand Company purchases from the commission's inquiry. The Colonial Office and the New Zealand Company came to an agreement in November 1840 under which the company would be given a royal charter of incorporation and also a Crown grant to land in defined areas of the country. On 3 December the British Government told the company that a commission would be set up to investigate all the company's New Zealand land titles, after which bona fide purchases would be confirmed with a Crown grant. British Colonial Secretary Lord John Russell selected Spain to fill the role of commissioner, to take effect from 20 January 1841.
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See paras 26-31 of the High Court Judgment [2010] SGHC 187 for the issues before the Court. The Church contended that the College is a ministry of the Church. However, if the College is regarded as a separate charitable purpose and entitled to the joint use of the Premises, the Church contended that the Defendants in registering the FEBC in 2004 as a charity with a new constitution (with VPP stated as a doctrine) no longer has the right to use and occupy the Premises. The Church also contended that while the Defendants are members of the 2004 College, they have not proven themselves to be the (original) College's board of directors and the Church is ready and willing to continue with the ministry of the College or a Bible college with the original FEBC constitution. The Defendants denied the Church's allegations that the College is a ministry of the Church and they have constituted a new college by registering FEBC as a charity in January 2004 with a new constitution to “formalise” the College's independence, since the new constitution was only used because the original constitution could not be found.
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On 31 March 1939, in response to Germany's defiance of the Munich Agreement and the occupation of Czechoslovakia,. Britain pledged its support and that of France to guarantee the independence of Poland, Belgium, Romania, Greece and Turkey.. On 6 April, Poland and Britain agreed to formalise the guarantee as a military alliance, pending negotiations.. On 28 April, Hitler denounced the 1934 German–Polish Non-Aggression Pact and the 1935 Anglo–German Naval Agreement.. In mid-March 1939, attempting to contain Hitler's expansionism, the Soviet Union, Britain and France started to trade a flurry of suggestions and counterplans on a potential political and military agreement. Informal consultations started in April, but the main negotiations began only in May. Meanwhile, throughout early 1939, Germany had secretly hinted to Soviet diplomats that it could offer better terms for a political agreement than could Britain and France... The Soviet Union, which feared Western powers and the possibility of "capitalist encirclements", had little hope either of preventing war or in the Polish Army, and it wanted nothing less than an ironclad military alliance with France and Britain to provide guaranteed support for a two-pronged attack on Germany.
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The Frente de Reconstrución Nacional (National Reconstruction Front) was an Ecuadorian political party formed in 1983 to contest the national presidential elections in Ecuador, in 1984.The party was established to formalise an alliance between the major conservative parties of Ecuador at that time, and Guayaquil businessmen, one of the main public supporters of Ecuador's political right wing Led by León Febres Cordero, elected leader of the conservative Partido Social Cristiano (Social Christian Party), the rest of the parties constituting the National Reconstruction Front included, the Partido Conservador Ecuatoriano (Conservative Ecuadorian Party), Partido Liberal Radical Ecuatoriano (Radical Liberal Ecuadorian Party), Partido Nacionalista Revolucionario (Revolutionary Nationalist Party), Coalición Institucionalista Democrática,(Institutional Democratic Coalition) and Federación Nacional Velasquista (National Velasquista Federation). The main objectives which underpinned the formation of this coalition were, to strengthen the solidarity between conservative parties, resolve pre-existing divisions, share resources in order to form a strong opposition, and administer an effective political campaign. It was envisioned that such efforts would also transfer to effectively convincing Ecuadorian voters of their intention to implement a more conservative economic agenda of free- market politics.
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However, the Dutch with the help of British forces tried to reestablish the colonial state of Dutch East Indies. Indonesian nationalist republicans fought hard to protect their newly declared independence. The fierce Battle of Surabaya on October to November 1945 saw the birth of Tentara Keamanan Rakyat (TKR – People's Security Armed Forces) - predecessor to the current Indonesian National Armed Forces - on 5 October 1945; this was a move taken to formalise, unite, and organise the splintered pockets of independent troopers ('laskar') across Indonesia, ensuing a more professional military approach, to contend with the Netherlands and the Allied invasion forces. In January 1946, TRI (Tentara Republik Indonesia – Republic of Indonesia Army) was formed, in a further step to professionalise the army and increase its ability to engage systematically. In June 1947 then, TRI changed its name to TNI (Tentara Nasional Indonesia - Indonesian National Armed Forces) which is a merger between the TRI with the independent paramilitary people's struggle organizations (laskar) across the young republic. On 20 July 1947, the Dutch launched a major military offensive called Operatie Product, with the intent of conquering the Republic.
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General Soedirman, first commander of the Indonesian Armed Forces At first, Indonesian Armed Forces started out as the BKR ( – People's Security Agency), which was formed in the 3rd PPKI meeting, on 29 August 1945; this was an organisation of militias in a united nationwide force to ensure the security remained intact across the newly declared independent Indonesia; it was created more as a civil defence force than an armed forces. The decision to create a "security agency" and not an army, was taken to lessen the probability of the allied forces viewing it as an armed revolution and invading in full force. During their capitulation, one of the terms of surrender to Japan was to return the Asian domains they had conquered to the previous nation of the Allies, certainly not to liberate them independently. When confrontations became sharp and hostile between Indonesia and the Allied forces, on 5 October 1945 the TKR (Tentara Keamanan Rakyat – People's Security Armed Forces) was formed on the basis of existing BKR units; this was a move taken to formalise, unite, and organise the splintered pockets of independent troopers (laskar) across Indonesia, ensuing a more professional military approach, to contend with the Netherlands and the Allied force invaders.
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