Eighty percent of all animal species experience metamorphosis — from frogs to flatfish to butterflies to jellyfish.
|
|
City Kitchen Mild and sweet-tasting flounder and other flatfish benefit from a quick brown-butter sauce.
|
|
Petrale sole, once a local mainstay, is a plainly hideous flatfish with both eyes on one side of its body.
|
|
There are a few more ways to distinguish winter flounder from other local flatfish swimming through New York's briny bays and coves.
|
|
In a pinch, a trip to the local fish market will also get you up close and personal with several species of flatfish.
|
|
These packages of "canned flatfish" and "sweet-smelling drops" sit in the same room as notepaper extolling Korean superiority and comics demonizing American savages.
|
|
As different as they may be in size, they are all related, part of the flatfish family — and delicate, mild and sweet tasting, with tender white flesh.
|
|
While other species of fish are symmetrical, with eyes on both sides of the head, and upright swimmers, flatfish have eyes on just one side, and swim sideways.
|
|
The thing to know is that flatfish fillets are relatively interchangeable when it comes to preparing them, each one quick and easy to cook on the stovetop in a large skillet.
|
|
Image: APIf it weren't really happening, the Republican tax plan would be the plot of some sort of 19th century Boss Tweed parody where everyone is shaped like a flatfish and wearing a monocle.
|
|
Most peculiar: The hogchoker, a flatfish born with eyes on opposite sides of its flat, speckled body — but as it becomes an adult, one eye travels next to the other, on the flip side.
|
|
It's a technique primarily used for rousing flatfish—like sole and fluke—which hide in the sandy seabed, which are otherwise typically caught by dragging heavy "tickler chains" or other trawlers through the ocean floor.
|
|
In an instant, the animal can change its shape and the color and texture of its skin to resemble nearly anything: a flatfish, a crab, a block of coral, a frond of algae; surely, it could mimic a chameleon if it needed.
|
|
From the day's catch, I selected a grilled whole San Pietro, or John Dory fish — possibly the most unsightly flatfish the Adriatic has to offer, but light and submissive in the mouth, requiring only a little parsley and lemon to bring out its gentle brininess.
|
|
At a young age, my grandmother learned learned how to make songpyun (rice cakes traditionally served on Chuseok or Korean Thanksgiving), mandoo (her amazing dumplings, which would later enjoy their spotlight in New York Magazine), and gajami sikhae (spicy fermented flatfish, a North Korean specialty that's not so easy to come by in the U.S., where only 186 North Korean refugees have settled since the North Korean Human Rights Act of 2004, per Vice News).
|
|
Flatfish is the second album, and debut studio recording, by Anglo-Irish celtic music group Flook, released in 1999 on Flatfish Records.
|
|
Plaice is the second-most caught flatfish in Canada, accounting for 50 percent of all flatfish caught. "American plaice." Underwater World. Fisheries and Oceans Canada.
|
|
As the flatfish suddenly defends Spotty's body from being devoured by the eel, Flappy is returned to the tank as well, and she attacks the flatfish after seeing him over Spotty's mutilated corpse. Their struggle is cut short when the flatfish is scooped by the restaurant chef and placed on his counter. As the chef prepares other dishes, the flatfish witnesses the happenings within the restaurant and begins fearing for his life, only to be spared when the customer changes his order to mackerel. When the flatfish is returned to the tank, Flappy apologizes to the flatfish for her misunderstanding and encourages him to move forward before she is taken and served ikizukuri-style.
|
|
European flounder, like other flatfish, experience an eye migration during their lifetime, making them asymmetrical. The most obvious characteristic of flatfish, other than their flatness, is their asymmetrical morphology: both eyes are on the same side of the head in the adult fish. In some families of flatfish, the eyes are always on the right side of the body (dextral or right- eyed flatfish), and in others, they are always on the left (sinistral or left- eyed flatfish). Primitive spiny turbots include equal numbers of right- and left-sided individuals, and are generally more symmetrical than other families.
|
|
Flatfish, tuna, bass, dentex, sea bream, conger, mullet, moray, polypus.
|
|
The European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) is a commercially important flatfish.
|
|
In shogi, Flatfish (平目 hirame) is a Central Rook (Ranging Rook) opening. It characteristically uses the Flatfish castle (平目囲い or ヒラメ囲い hiramegakoi) instead of the more usual Mino castle.
|
|
Modern flatfish are asymmetrical, with both eyes on the same side of the head. Fossil of Amphistium with one eye at the top-center of the head. Pleuronectiformes (flatfish) are an order of ray-finned fish. The most obvious characteristic of the modern flatfish is their asymmetry, with both eyes on the same side of the head in the adult fish.
|
|
Zebrias zebrinus is a ray-finned flatfish and member of the family Soleidae.
|
|
They found the small valley to be rich in flatfish, especially soles in winter.
|
|
Together with sole, European plaice form a group of flatfish that are the most important flatfish in Europe. European plaice and sole World Wide Fund for Nature. Retrieved 22 November 2009. European plaice have been fished from the North Sea for hundreds of years.
|
|
Rubai is the second album of Irish folk band, Flook, released in 2002 under Flatfish Records.
|
|
Joleaudichthys is an extinct genus of prehistoric flatfish that lived from the early to middle Eocene.
|
|
Flounders are recreationally and commercially fished throughout New Zealand by using scoop nets or flatfish trawling, allowing large numbers of flounder to be caught at once. There is great concern surrounding the management of New Zealand's flatfish species, as there is a lack of sustainable management practices, enforcement of catch limits, and safe catching methods. Flatfish trawling, the most common method of catching flounder, causes serious disturbance to benthic habitats and can capture non-target species such as marine mammals, seabirds, and other fish. Although R. leporina population numbers are not currently of concern, it is part of eight species of flatfish that are managed as one fish stock.
|
|
Flatfish are asymmetrical, with both eyes lying on the same side of the head European flounder, like other flatish, experience an eye migration during their lifetime. The most obvious characteristic of the flatfish is its asymmetry, with both eyes lying on the same side of the head in the adult fish. In some families, the eyes are usually on the right side of the body (dextral or right-eyed flatfish), and in others, they are usually on the left (sinistral or left-eyed flatfish). The primitive spiny turbots include equal numbers of right- and left-sided individuals, and are generally less asymmetrical than the other families.
|
|
The leopard flounder (Bothus pantherinus) or panther flounder, is a flatfish found in the Pacific and Indian Oceans.
|
|
This was an evolutionary advance from still earlier flatfish, such as Heteronectes, in which the eyes only partially migrated.
|
|
The noodle is made of wheat flour, salt, tapioca flour, monosodium glutamate (MSG), and shrimp roe.Shrimp roe noodle packaging It comes in a palm-sized hard noodle bundle. First simmer Flatfish (Flatfish are all low fat white fish with a mild taste. The taste and texture varies from one species to another.
|
|
The Flatfish castle (平目囲い or ヒラメ囲い hiramegakoi) is used in the Flatfish opening. It is structurally similar to a Mino castle but with the two golds positioned adjacent to each other on the same bottom rank rather having the centermost gold on the same rank as the silver.
|
|
16454] Two new congrid eels and a new flatfish. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections v. 91 (no. 15): 1–11, Pl. 1.
|
|
Like all flatfish, turbot yields four fillets with meatier topside portions that may be baked, poached, steamed, or pan-fried.
|
|
Eobothus ('Dawn flounder') is an extinct genus of flatfish from the Eocene epoch of China, India and Europe. Eobothus is significant as one of the earliest genera of flatfish, one of the last major fish groups to evolve. It closely resembled modern flatfish, with an oval-shaped body about long, surrounded by elongated dorsal and anal fins. In the adult, the eyes were both located on the left side of the head, as in modern species, and the fish would have lain flat against the seafloor on its right side.
|
|
Zeugopterus punctatus, the common topknot, is a species of left eyed flatfish in the family Scophthalmidae, from the eastern Atlantic Ocean.
|
|
The Pacific sanddab (Citharichthys sordidus) is a species of flatfish. It is by far the most common sanddab, and it shares its habitat with the longfin sanddab (C. xanthostigma) and the speckled sanddab (C. stigmaeus). It is a medium-sized flatfish, with a light brown color mottled brown or black, occasionally with white or orange spots.
|
|
Zeugopterus regius, Eckström's topknot or Bloch's topknot, is a small, left eyed flatfish in the turbot family Scophthalmidae found in European waters.
|
|
Scophthalmus is a genus of turbots, relatively large flatfish native to the northeast Atlantic Ocean, Baltic Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea.
|
|
Joseph Thomas Cunningham (1859–1935) was a British marine biologist and zoologist known for his experiments on flatfish and his writings on neo- Lamarckism.
|
|
The meaning "forgotten spots" or "death of spots" refers to the absences of conspicuous large occellaed spots that is common in other species of flatfish.
|
|
For example, benthic macrofauna, such as polychaetes and bivalves, are important food sources for demersal fish, including commercially important species such as flatfish and cod.
|
|
Halibut is the common name for two flatfish in the genus Hippoglossus from the family of right-eye flounders and, in some regions, and less commonly, other species of large flatfish. The word is derived from haly (holy) and butte (flat fish), for its popularity on Catholic holy days. Halibut are demersal fish and are highly regarded as a food fish as well as a sport fish.
|
|
European plaice American plaice Plaice is a common name for a group of flatfish that comprises four species: the European, American, Alaskan and scale-eye plaice. Commercially, the most important plaice is the European. The principal commercial flatfish in Europe, it is also widely fished recreationally, has potential as an aquaculture species, and is kept as an aquarium fish. Also commercially important is the American plaice.
|
|
Solea senegalensis, the Senegalese sole, is a species of flatfish from the family of the true soles, the Soleidae, from the eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea.
|
|
The yellowbelly flounder (Rhombosolea leporina) is a flatfish of the genus Rhombosolea, found around New Zealand. A different species from the genus Rhombosolea is found in Australia and also goes by the name yellow-belly flounder. The Māori people have commonly fished for R.leporina, and many other species of flatfish, throughout New Zealand's coastal waters for hundreds of years. The Māori name for this species is 'patiki totara'.
|
|
Examples of bottom feeding fish species groups are flatfish (halibut, flounder, plaice, sole), eels, cod, haddock, bass, grouper, carp, bream (snapper) and some species of catfish and shark.
|
|
The common sole (or Dover sole) is a species of marine flatfish widely found around the coasts of Europe The American soles are a family of flatfish found in both freshwater and marine environments of the Americas Sole is a fish belonging to several families. Generally speaking, they are members of the family Soleidae, but, outside Europe, the name sole is also applied to various other similar flatfish, especially other members of the sole suborder Soleoidei as well as members of the flounder family. In European cookery, there are several species which may be considered true soles, but the common or Dover sole Solea solea, often simply called the sole, is the most esteemed and most widely available.Davidson, 1979.
|
|
The businesses were: AccountingPod, Tapi (formally FlatFish), Liberac, Sharesies, Teddy, Wicket and a Xero team. In July 2019 the Kiwibank FinTech Accelerator intake included BankEngine, Cove Insurance, and Miuwi.
|
|
Juvenile petrale sole feed on cumaceans, carideans and amphipods, whilst adults will eat shrimps, crabs, epibenthos organisms and other fish, such as herring, hake, anchovy, pollock and other flatfish.
|
|
Microstomus shuntovi is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a bathydemersal fish that lives on bottoms at depths of between . Its native habitat is the north Pacific.
|
|
The spiny turbots are a family, Psettodidae, of relatively large, primitive flatfish found in the tropical waters of the east Atlantic and Indo-Pacific. The family contains just three species, all in the same genus, Psettodes. The common name comes from the presence of spines in the dorsal and anal fins, which may indicate an evolutionary relationship with the Perciformes. They are less asymmetrical than other flatfish, although the region around the eyes is twisted.
|
|
Flatfish UAV is an experimental V/STOL UAV developed by NWPU. Flatfish UAV is in mid wing configuration and conventional layout, with T-tail and tricycle landing gear. Propulsion is provided by three engines, with the larger main engine mounted in the fuselage, mainly to provide lift. There are two smaller propeller mounted at the each side of the fuselage at empennage, and these smaller engines are mainly used to provide propulsion during level flight.
|
|
Typical of the northern seas, the marine fauna is likewise rich. Of commercial importance are Kamchatka crab (king crab), scallop, squid, pollock, cod, herring, halibut and several species of flatfish.
|
|
Hypsopsetta macrocephala is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on bottoms in the tropical waters of the eastern Pacific and the Gulf of California.
|
|
The Percomorpha (Latin perca ("fish") + Ancient Greek μορφή (morphḗ, “shape, appearance”)) is a large clade of bony fish that includes the tuna, seahorses, gobies, cichlids, flatfish, wrasse, perches, anglerfish, and pufferfish.
|
|
Point densities at the Daikoku Seamount have been recorded as high as 392 individuals per square meter; these densities are an order of magnitude higher than flatfish densities reported anywhere else.
|
|
An observation of a flatfish from the Bathyscaphe Trieste at the bottom of the Mariana Trench at a depth of almost has been questioned by fish experts, and recent authorities do not recognize it as valid.Jamieson, A.J., and Yancey, P. H. (2012). On the Validity of the Trieste Flatfish: Dispelling the Myth. The Biological Bulletin 222(3): 171-175 Among the deepwater species, Symphurus thermophilus lives in congregating around "ponds" of sulphur at hydrothermal vents on the seafloor.
|
|
The brill (Scophthalmus rhombus) is a species of flatfish in the turbot family (Scophthalmidae) of the order Pleuronectiformes. Brill can be found in the northeast Atlantic, Black Sea, Baltic Sea, and Mediterranean, primarily in deeper offshore waters. Brill have slender bodies, brown covered with lighter and darker coloured flecks, excluding the tailfin; the underside of the fish is usually cream coloured or pinkish white. Like other flatfish the brill has the ability to match its colour to the surroundings.
|
|
No other flatfish is known from hydrothermal vents.Munroe, T.A.; and Hashimoto, J. (2008). A new Western Pacific Tonguefish (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae): The first Pleuronectiform discovered at active Hydrothermal Vents. Zootaxa 1839: 43–59.
|
|
The black flounder (Rhombosolea retiaria) is a flatfish of the genus Rhombosolea, found around New Zealand in shallow enclosed waters and coastal freshwater lakes. Its adult length ranges from 20 to 45 cm.
|
|
The term plaice (plural plaice) comes from the 14th-century Anglo-French plais. This in turn comes from the late Latin platessa, meaning flatfish, which originated from the Ancient Greek platys, meaning broad.
|
|
Heteronectes chaneti is a fossil fish which has been identified as a primitive flatfish, dating to the early Eocene (Lutetian stage) of France. Heteronectes is reported to be a transitional fossil. In a typical modern flatfish, the head is asymmetric with both eyes on one side of the head. In Heteronectes, the transition from the typical symmetric head of a vertebrate is incomplete, with one eye positioned near the top of the head, very similar (but less so) than its Italian relative Amphistium.
|
|
The rest of the skeleton also have some primitive features in common with other Percomorph groups, but absent in living flatfishes.Friedman M (2008). “The evolutionary origin of flatfish asymmetry”, Nature 454(7201): p. 209-212: The condition in modern, bottom- dwelling flatfish with both eyes on the same side of the head was cited by St. George Jackson Mivart as difficult to imagine how it could have evolved in a gradual fashion by natural selection, as proposed by Charles Darwin.
|
|
Their distribution is not restricted by sediment type as in some other flatfish species. In the Solway Firth, there is a general movement offshore in the winter. This species has more specific habitat requirements than other widespread Atlantic flatfish such as the European plaice, common sole, and common dab. It is concentrated in waters moderately influenced by estuary outflows, at a salinity of 29-33 ppt, and is absent from the mouths of the largest estuaries where the salinity is lower.
|
|
Rockfish, Atka mackerel, walleye pollock, Pacific cod, Pacific halibut, sablefish, flatfish, crabs, and other economically important species in the North Pacific inhabit these areas. Eighty-three percent of the rockfish found in one study were associated with red tree coral. Flatfish, walleye pollock and Pacific cod appear to be more commonly caught around soft corals. Dense schools of female redfish heavy with young have been observed on Lophelia reefs off Norway, suggesting the reefs are breeding or nursery areas for some species.
|
|
In some families the eyes are always on the right side of the body (dextral or right-eyed flatfish) and in others they are always on the left (sinistral or left-eyed flatfish). The primitive spiny turbots include equal numbers of right- and left-eyed individuals, and are generally less asymmetrical than the other families. Other distinguishing features of the order are the presence of protrusible eyes, another adaptation to living on the seabed (benthos), and the extension of the dorsal fin onto the head. Amphistium is a 50-million-year-old fossil fish identified as an early relative of the flatfish, and as a transitional fossil In Amphistium, the transition from the typical symmetric head of a vertebrate is incomplete, with one eye placed near the top-center of the head.
|
|
169-170 From previous fossil findings, Friedman also note that several modern families of flatfish seems to have coexisted with Heteronectes and Amphistium, and speculated that the modern ones eventually outcompeted their primitive relatives.
|
|
Hippoglossus stenolepis, the Pacific halibut, is a species of righteye flounder. This very large species of flatfish is native to the North Pacific and is fished by commercial fisheries, sport fishers, and subsistence fishers.
|
|
Zeugopterus punctatus is a small left-sided flatfish that is almost completely round in shape, with a broad body relative to its length. It is a mottled brown and white colour, a dark bar through the eyes, light wide fins all the way round its body and a very small tail. Unlike most other flatfish, the Zeugopterus punctatus does not seem to change colour for camouflage but relies on immobility to avoid detection. Zeugopterus punctatus grows to a maximum length of about 25 cm.
|
|
Hippoglossina oblonga (the fourspot flounder, American fourspot flounder or simply four-spot), is a flatfish and member of the large-tooth flounder family Paralichthyidae. This species has been placed in the genus Paralichthys by some authorities.
|
|
Hemibdella soleae is a marine species of leech in the family Piscicolidae and the type taxon of its genus. Found in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, it is a parasite of flatfish such as the common sole.
|
|
Citharichthys amblybregmatus is a species of flatfish in the large-tooth flounder family Paralichthyidae. It is native to the western north Atlantic Ocean. It has been collected at a depth of . It is a demersal fish.
|
|
The Arasvikfjorden is known for its fishery of cod, coalfish, pollock, mackerel, common ling, tusk, and several types of flatfish. It was in Arasvikfjord the famous killer whale Keiko, from the movies Free Willy ended his days.
|
|
The summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) is a marine flatfish that is found in the Atlantic Ocean off the East Coast of the United States and Canada. It is especially abundant in waters from North Carolina to Massachusetts.
|
|
The rex sole is fished commercially, and its flesh is considered tasty. Commercial fishing is conducted by trawler and the fish comprises a major part of the flatfish trawl fishery from California northward to the Bering Sea.
|
|
Amphistium paradoxum, the only species classified under the genus Amphistium, is a fossil fish which has been identified as a Paleogene relative of the flatfish, and as a transitional fossil. In a typical modern flatfish, the head is asymmetric with both eyes on one side of the head. In Amphistium, the transition from the typical symmetric head of a vertebrate is incomplete, with one eye placed near the top of the head. Amphistium is among the many fossil fish species known from the Monte Bolca Lagerstätte of Lutetian Italy.
|
|
This is an unusual fish in that one eye has to migrate around from one side to the other as it grows from an upright fry or baby fish into an adult fish that lies on its side. The adult has two eyes on the up-side as it lies on the bottom. Most flatfish are generally either right-eyed or left-eyed, but the California halibut is unusual in having a roughly even number of each type. Like other flatfish, the halibut hides under sand or loose gravel and blends into the bottom.
|
|
Microchirus azevia, commonly known as the bastard sole, is a species of flatfish in the family Soleidae. It is found on the continental slope of the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea at depths down to about .
|
|
Chascanopsetta is a genus of flatfish in the family Bothidae (lefteye flounders) found in deeper parts of the Pacific and Indian Oceans with a single species, C. lugubris also occurring in the Atlantic Ocean. It contains nine member species.
|
|
169 There is a good beach, and the promontory is also a location for bass and flatfish angling. In 1986 the point was the location of a project of light art by Yann Kersalé, Le songe est de rigueur.
|
|
The Indonesian ocellated flounder, Psammodiscus ocellatus, is an edible flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on sandy bottoms in the eastern Indian Ocean, particularly Indonesia and northwestern Australia. It can reach in length.
|
|
Scaldback (Arnoglossus kessleri) is a species of bottom feeder benthic flatfish belonging to the family Bothidae. It is widespread in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. It is a marine, subtropical, demersal fish, which grows to up to long.
|
|
The wedge sole (Dicologlossa cuneata), is a flatfish of the family Soleidae. It is a bottom dwelling predatory fish inhabiting both sandy and muddy soils at depths between in the East Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. It achieves a maximum size of .
|
|
Kottelat, M. (1998). Fishes of the Nam Theun and Xe Bangfai basins, Laos, with diagnoses of twenty-two new species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae, Balitoridae, Cobitidae, Coiidae and Odontobutidae). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 9(1):1-128.Monks, N. (2007). Freshwater flatfish, order Pleuronectiformes.
|
|
Flatfish is considered a Whitefish because of the high concentration of oils within its liver. Its lean flesh makes for a unique flavor that differs from species to species. Methods of cooking include grilling, pan-frying, baking and deep- frying.
|
|
Winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus Flowery flounder, Bothus mancus, Bahía de la Chiva, at Hawaii Flounders are a group of flatfish species. They are demersal fish, found at the bottom of oceans around the world; some species will also enter estuaries.
|
|
Age and growth of two endemic flatfish (Colistium guntheri and C. nudipinnis) in central New Zealand waters. Marine and Freshwater Research, 56(2), 143-151. # Stevens, D. W., Hurst, R. J., Bagley, N. W., & New Zealand. Ministry of Fisheries. (2011).
|
|
There are two models for food consumption of the Hoko River inhabitants which were created by Dr. Dale Croes and Dr. Steven Hackeenberger. The first model predicts that the people ate about the same percentage of each available food source over the course of each year. Under this model, the people of the Hoko River Site would have relied heavily on roundfish, halibut, flatfish, and elk in the winter and a similar diet in summer, with an elevated reliance on halibut and flatfish. The spring would have been a time of transition, shifting from winter food sources to summer food sources.
|
|
The fish derive sustenance from dead and dying fish that are periodically dropped into their tank. After witnessing the mackerel leap out of the tank in an unsuccessful escape attempt, the shocked farm fish christen her with the nickname "Padak Padak" (or "Flappy"). Each night, the flatfish, who falsely claims to also be from the ocean, gives riddles to the farm fish loosely based on stories of the ocean told to him by a mate who had been eaten before him. Following a violent confrontation between Flappy and the flatfish, the eel grants Flappy permission to provide the night's riddle.
|
|
The Pacific sand sole (Psettichthys melanostictus), also known as simply sand sole, is a flatfish species inhabiting the northeastern Pacific waters where it lives on sandy bottoms. The only species in the genus, Psettichthys, it ranges from the Bering Sea to Northern California.
|
|
The New Zealand brill, Colistium guntheri, is an edible flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish native to shallow seas around New Zealand, at depths of between and . It can grow to in length and can weigh up to .
|
|
The Gulf flounder is a flatfish that swims on its side. Their two eyes look upward when swimming. They have sharp teeth, two eyes on one side, and have a white side. Paralichthys albigutta is widely distributed in the western North Atlantic.
|
|
The range of Hemibdella soleae extends across the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. Like the flatfish it parasitizes, it is benthic and demersal (living on and just above the seabed) and occurs at depths down to about .
|
|
Cleisthenes pinetorum is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on sublittoral sand and mud bottoms at depths of between . Its native habitat is the temperate waters of the northwest Pacific, around Japan, Korea and Taiwan.
|
|
Lepeophtheirus is a genus of sea lice. The best-known species is L. salmonis, the salmon louse. Other species include L. pectoralis, which uses flatfish as its host, particularly the European flounder, and is also the type species of the genus Lepeophtheirus.
|
|
This color adaptation allows halibut to avoid detection by both prey and predator. They are one of the largest flatfish (only surpassed by the closely related Atlantic halibut), and can weigh up to and grow to over long.Pacific halibut NOAA FishWatch. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
|
|
Like other flatfish, the larval sand flounder begins its life with an eye on each side of its head and a round body shape, swimming upright through the midwater.Graham, D. H. (1953). A Treasury of New Zealand Fish. Wellington: Hutcheson, Bowman and Stewart Ltd.
|
|
The Arctic flounder is a right-eyed flatfish. Its upper side is dark olive green to dark brown in colour, sometimes with black spots or dark patches; its underside is white. Its fins are pale brown, sometimes with a yellow tinge or faint dark spots.
|
|
The dusky sole, Lepidopsetta mochigarei, is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on bottoms in the temperate waters of the northwest Pacific, from the Korean peninsula to the southern Sea of Okhotsk. It grows up to in length.
|
|
The expedition conducted in 1960 claimed to have observed, with great surprise because of the high pressure, large creatures living at the bottom, such as a flatfish about long, and shrimp. According to Piccard, "The bottom appeared light and clear, a waste of firm diatomaceous ooze". Many marine biologists are now skeptical of the supposed sighting of the flatfish, and it is suggested that the creature may instead have been a sea cucumber."James Cameron dives deep for Avatar", Guardian, 18 January 2011"James Cameron heads into the abyss", Nature, 19 March 2012 During the second expedition, the unmanned vehicle Kaikō collected mud samples from the seabed.
|
|
Disputes over the fishing rights for this species in the Atlantic Ocean off Canada caused the Turbot War in the mid-1990s (a "war" without any injuries or casualties). The Greenland halibut is a flatfish, and the left eye has migrated during the fish's development so that it is on the right side of the head. However, in this fish, it has not moved as far as in bottom-dwelling flatfish and the fish can probably see forwards. The Greenland halibut can swim in a vertical position and both sides of its body are a speckled brown colour, but the left side is rather paler than the right.
|
|
The next morning, the flatfish makes his own leap outside the tank, and with the aid of the sword fragment that had been embedded into Flappy, he escapes the chef's clutch and successfully reaches the sea as the rest of the fish watch from the tank.
|
|
On busy days, prepared steaks were delivered from rail depots. Otherwise, the menu consisted largely of fish options, such as halibut, flatfish, cod and even whale sausages. The kitchens were staffed by two maids and one attendant. Blocks of ice were often used instead of refrigerators.
|
|
The Mediterranean scaldfish (Arnoglossus laterna), also known as the scaldfish, is a species of benthic left eyed flatfish belonging to the family Bothidae. It is found in the eastern Atlantic of Europe and Africa as well as the Mediterranean, and is of minor interest to fisheries.
|
|
Dagetichthys lusitanicus, commonly known as the Portuguese sole, is a species of flatfish native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean. Little is known of the abundance or behaviour of this fish, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being "data deficient".
|
|
Kishimoto, Hirokazu & Last, Peter & Fujii, Eiichi & Gomon, Martin. (1988). Revision of a deep-sea stargazer genus Pleuroscopus. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology. 35. 150-158. 10.1007/BF02905400. Some flatfish such as halibut actually have a "migrating" eye that moves to the upward-facing side of the fish as it ages.
|
|
Dazzled and Deceived: Mimicry and Camouflage. Yale, 2009. Cephalopod active camouflage has stimulated military research in the United States. Active camouflage by color change is used by many bottom-living flatfish such as plaice, sole, and flounder that actively copy the patterns and colors of the seafloor below them.
|
|
The Kamchatka flounder, Atheresthes evermanni, is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives at depths of between and . Its native habitat is the temperate waters of the northern Pacific. It can grow as long as in length, and can weigh up to .
|
|
The Pacific halibut is the largest flatfish in the family Pleuronectidae. The halibut swims sideways due to its lateral flattening, and most adults have both eyes on their upward-facing side. The scales on the halibut are embedded into the skin, giving the illusion that the halibut is smooth.
|
|
The European flounder is a flatfish with an oval-shaped body with a width about half its length. The maximum recorded length is and the maximum recorded weight . However, a more usual mature length is about . The fish is flattened laterally and swims and rests on one side.
|
|
The lemon sole (Microstomus kitt) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is native to shallow seas around Northern Europe, where it lives on stony bottoms down to depths of about . It grows up to in length and reaches about in weight. It is a popular food fish.
|
|
The thickback sole (Microchirus variegatus), also known as the bastard sole and lucky sole, is a species of flatfish from the family of true soles, the Soleidae. It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, it is a quarry for fisheries in the Mediterranean.
|
|
Callander Associates, Pillar Point Harbor East Harbor Master Plan, December 21, 1988) A variety of fish species have been identified in the harbor area. The most abundant fish include flatfish, particularly the speckled sanddab (Citharichthys stigmaeus) and the commercially important English sole (Parophrys vetulus), several species of rockfish (Sebastes sp.) with boccacio (S. paucispinis) most abundant, many members of the surfperch family, the most abundant being shiner (Cymanogaster aggregata) and dwarf surfperches (Micrometrus minimus), and the commercially important Pacific herring (Clupea harengus). Smaller populations of many other species, including significant commercial or sport species such as various surfperch, flatfish including halibut (Paralichthys californicus), lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus), and cabezon (Scoraenichthys marmotarus) also are found in the harbor during the summer.
|
|
The bay whiff (Citharichthys spilopterus) is part of the family Paralichthyidae.1 This family is known as "left-eye flounders". They are one of the most common flatfish of the Gulf of Mexico. They are benthic ambush predators with the ability to camouflage themselves on or just below the surface.
|
|
The four-spot megrim (Lepidorhombus boscii) is a species of flatfish in the family Scophthalmidae. It is found a depths between in the northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean. It can be separated from its close relative, the megrim or whiff (L. whiffiagonis), by the dark spots towards the rear of the fins.
|
|
Sharks can detect weak electric fields in their environment using ampullary receptors in to find their prey. A study by Kalmijn et al. 1971 observed this action. Kalmijn used a type of flatfish, called a plaice as a living source of food along with the electrodes and the whiting pieces.
|
|
The turbot is a large left eyed flatfish found primarily close to shore in sandy shallow waters throughout the Mediterranean, the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea and the North Atlantic. The European turbot has an asymmetrical disk-shaped body, and has been known to grow up to long and in weight.
|
|
Arnoglossus imperialis, the imperial scaldfish, is a species of flatfish from the family of left-eyed flounders, the Bothidae. It occurs in the eastern Atlantic from Scotland south to Namibia, extending into the western Mediterranean. This bottom dwelling species is sometimes caught as bycatch but is of little interest to fisheries.
|
|
Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 73: 227–234. doi: 10.3354/dao073227 However, recent physiological and molecular studies have shown that P. dicentrarchi and M. avidus are different species.D Felipe AP, Lamas J, Sueiro RA, Folgueira I, Leiro JM (2017). New data on flatfish scuticociliatosis reveal that Miamiensis avidus and Philasterides dicentrarchi are different species.
|
|
The spotted turbot (Pleuronichthys ritteri) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on bottoms at depths of between . Its native habitat is the subtropical waters of the Eastern Pacific, from Morro Bay in California to southern Baja California in Mexico. It can grow up to in length.
|
|
The Great Belt is home to some popular fish: flatfish, sea trout, Atlantic cod, Atlantic mackerel and garfish, which are fished avidly for sport and for sale. A large and rising population of harbour porpoises lives in the Belts.Miljø- og Fødevareministeriet (19 June 2013): Marsvin trives i de indre danske farvande. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
|
|
Appleton, Century-Crofts, New York. Atka mackerel, halibut, herring, capelin, flatfish Pacific cod, rockfish, sculpins, salmon, sand lance, and cephalopods such as various squid and octopus. They seem to prefer schooling fish and forage primarily between intertidal zones and continental shelves. They usually aggregate in groups of up to twelve in areas of prey abundance.
|
|
Like other skates, the common skate is a bottom feeder. Its diet consists of crustaceans, clams, oysters, snails, bristle worms, cephalopods, and small to medium-sized fish (such as sand eel, flatfish, monkfish, catsharks, spurdog, and other skates). The size of the individual can affect its diet. Larger ones eat larger things like fish.
|
|
The lined sole (Achirus lineatus) is a ray-finned flatfish found in the Western Atlantic. Its common length is 17 cm.Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez (1992). Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca.
|
|
Teleost fish diversified explosively, filling the niches left vacant by the extinction. Groups appearing in the Paleocene and Eocene include billfish, tunas, eels, and flatfish. Major changes are also seen in Paleogene insect communities. Many groups of ants were present in the Cretaceous, but in the Eocene ants became dominant and diverse, with larger colonies.
|
|
P.Saundry & C.Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC It is a common flatfish, occurring on the sandy and muddy bottoms of the European shelf, usually at depths between 10 and 50 m, where it tends to burrow in sediment during day time and remain stationary for long periods.
|
|
The Far Eastern smooth flounder (Liopsetta pinnifasciata) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on bottoms in salt, brackish and fresh waters. Its native habitat is the temperate waters of the northwestern Pacific, specifically Japan, Russia and the Kuril Islands. It can grow up to in length.
|
|
The Egyptian sole (Solea aegyptiaca) is a species of flatfish in the true sole family, Soleidae. It lives on the sandy or muddy seabed of the Mediterranean Sea, and is now colonising the Red Sea. It often semi-immerses itself in the substrate. The upper side is greyish-brown while the underside is white.
|
|
World catch of American plaice in thousands of tonnes, based on FAO catch dataFAO: Species Fact Sheets: Hippoglossoides platessoides, Retrieved 23 November 2009. Like the European plaice, the American plaice is a right eyed flatfish belonging to the family Pleuronectidae. American plaice are an Atlantic species,"Plaice." Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge, volume 15, copyright 1991.
|
|
Ring & Jaggard (1999), p. 98. He plays rugby football in the story. In Right Ho, Jeeves, Angela breaks the engagement because, when she told him that a shark had attacked her while she was aquaplaning in Cannes, Tuppy dismissed it as probably being only a flatfish that wanted to play.Wodehouse (2008) [1934], Right Ho, Jeeves, chapter 7, p. 71.
|
|
The Willowy flounder, Tanakius kitaharae, is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on bottoms at depths of between . Its native habitat is the temperate waters of the Western Pacific, from Southern Hokkaido in Japan to the Gulf of Bohai, the East China Sea and Taiwan. It can grow up to in length.
|
|
The Rikuzen flounder (Dexistes rikuzenius) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on sandy and muddy bottoms in temperate waters at depths of between . Its native habitat is the northwestern Pacific, particularly the Sea of Japan and the coastlines of Japan and Korea. It grows up to in length.
|
|
He specialized in the anatomy and systematics of the flatfish (order Pleuronectiformes) and was the taxonomic authority of many herpetological and ichthyological species.Paragraph incorporates translated text from an equivalent article at the Dutch Wikipedia, source listed as: Robert Ph. Dollfus. "Paul Chabanaud 1876-1959 (Notice biographique et bibliographique)". Bulletin du Muséum national d'Histoire Naturelle, 1960, vol.
|
|
As a result, the overall billfish catch remained fairly stable. At Georges Bank, a decline in cod during the 1960s was accompanied by a rise in flatfish, and more recently, with the collapse of the predatory Atlantic cod, lobster catches in Maine have boomed.Duffy, J. Emmett (2008) Marine biodiversity and food security Encyclopedia of Earth. Updated 25 July 2008.
|
|
One common method is the animal using body movements to cover itself with sand or sediment, then attempting to catch unsuspecting prey with fast strikes. This tactic is used by many species of flatfish. Other animals burrow into the bottom and hunt with most of the body remaining buried, as in the case of oceanic bobbit worms.
|
|
The common dab (Limanda limanda) is an edible flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish native to shallow seas around Northern Europe, in particular the North Sea, where it lives on sandy bottoms down to depths of about . It can reach in length and can weigh up to , though most specimens grow no longer than .
|
|
This species lives along coastlines. It is unusual among European flatfish in that it prefers a rocky substrate. It has the ability to remain immobile in the most surprising sites, holding on to vertical rocks or even upside down under overhangs. This is achieved by using its broad fringing fins to fit itself into the substrate.
|
|
The Bering flounder (Hippoglossoides robustus) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on bottoms at depths of up to . It reaches up to in length. Its native habitat is the northern Pacific, from Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk across the Bering Sea to Alaska, the Aleutian Islands and Canada's Arctic coast.
|
|
The flathead flounder (Hippoglossoides dubious) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on bottoms in shallow coastal waters, at depths of between . Its native habitat is the northwestern Pacific, particularly the seas of Japan and Okhotsk, and the coastlines of Kamchatka and Korea. It grows up to in length.
|
|
The Neoteleostei is a large clade of bony fish that includes the Ateleopodidae (jellynoses), Aulopiformes (lizardfish), Myctophiformes (lanternfish), Polymixiiformes (beardfish), Percopsiformes (Troutperches), Gadiformes (cods), Zeiformes (dories), Lampriformes (oarfish, opah, ribbonfish), and the populous clade of the Acanthopterygii which includes the Beryciformes (squirrelfish) and the Percomorpha (many families such as the tuna, seahorses, gobies, cichlids, flatfish, wrasse, perches, anglerfish, pufferfish).
|
|
The spotted halibut (Verasper variegatus) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on sandy, muddy bottoms in the sublittoral coastal zone at depths of up to . It can reach in length and can weigh up to . Its native habitat is the northwestern Pacific, from Japan to Korea and the East China Sea.
|
|
Seagrasses form dense underwater meadows which are among the most productive ecosystems in the world. They provide habitats and food for a diversity of marine life comparable to that of coral reefs. This includes invertebrates like shrimp and crabs, cod and flatfish, marine mammals and birds. They provide refuges for endangered species such as seahorses, turtles, and dulongs.
|
|
The scale-eye plaice is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives at depths from between to . It can reach in length and can weigh up to . Its native habitat is the northern Pacific, primarily from the Sea of Okhotsk to Japan and Korea, though it is also found in the Bering Sea.
|
|
Among the animals mimicked are lion fish (the octopus holds its arms out radially to mimic the fish's spines), sea snake (hiding 6 of its arms, it holds the remaining 2 parallel to each other), jellyfish (by inflating its mantle and trailing its arms behind it), and zebra sole (holding all 8 arms behind it as it uses its siphon to swim). The octopus' mimicry of flatfish may be its preferred guise; in a period of 5 days nearly 500 instances of flatfish mimicry were seen. Not only does the mimic octopus use its ability to defend from predators, it also uses aggressive mimicry to approach wary prey, for example mimicking a crab as an apparent mate, only to devour its deceived suitor. The mimic octopus retains the ability to camouflage with its sandy environment.
|
|
The pulse trawl: electrodes in the tow direction of the gear cause an electric field above the seabed, which stimulate the flatfish so they come up toward the net Electric pulse fishing is a fishing technique sometimes used in trawl fisheries which produces a limited electric field above the seabed to catch fish.Renders E, Decostere A, Polet H, Vincx M and Verschueren B (2011) "Assessment of electric pulse fishing as an environment friendly fishing method in the North Sea" The pulse trawl gear consists of a number of electrodes, attached to the gear in the tow direction, that emit short electric pulses. The electrodes replace the tickler chains that are used in traditional beam trawl fishery. The pulse trawl fishery is mainly aimed at flatfish like sole, with by-catch plaice.
|
|
Acanthochondria limandae is a species of copepods in the genus Acanthochondria. They are host-specific ectoparasites of two species of flatfish: the common dab (Limanda limanda) and the European flounder (Platichthys flesus). They attach themselves to the bases of the gill arches of their hosts. They can infest as much as 2 to 30% of fish in a given population.
|
|
The C-O sole (Pleuronichthys coenosus) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on flat bottoms and rocky areas at depths of between . Its native habitat is the subtropical waters of the eastern Pacific, ranging from Sitka, Alaska in the north to San Quintín, Baja California in the south. It can grow up to in length.
|
|
Samaretta perexilis is a species of fish in the family Samaridae found from deep-waters from submarine mountains of the southern eastern Pacific. This species is the only member of its genus.Voronina, E.P. & Suzumoto, A.Y. (2017): Samaretta perexilis, a New Genus and New Species of Samarid Flatfish (Pleuronectiformes: Samaridae) from the South Pacific. Journal of Ichthyology, 57 (1): 1–9.
|
|
Platichthys is a genus of flatfish native to the North Pacific and North Atlantic oceans. Despite being in the family Pleuronectidae (popularly known as righteye flounders), all three species in the genus Platichthys are often "lefteyed", i.e. they lie on the sea bottom on their right side, with both eyes on the left side.Eschmeyer W.N.; Herald, E.S.; and Hammann, H. (1983).
|
|
The Poecilopsettidae are a family of flatfish in the order Pleuronectiformes, comprising three genera and 21 species. Species are typically demersal, living on marine bottoms at depths between in the Indo-Pacific and northwestern Atlantic; the deepest recorded occurrence is in the deepwater dab, Poecilopsetta beanii. Sizes range from in length, though most species are usually under long. Diets consist of zoobenthos.
|
|
The Remo flounder, Oncopterus darwinii, is an edible flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on bottoms at depths of between . Its native habitat is the southwestern Atlantic along the southeast coast of South America, from Santa Catarina, Brazil in the north to the San Matías Gulf, Argentina in the south. It can reach in length.
|
|
The American plaice, American sole or long rough dab (Hippoglossoides platessoides) is a North Atlantic flatfish that belongs, along with other right-eyed flounders, to the family Pleuronectidae. In the northwest Atlantic (H. p. platessoides) it ranges from Greenland and Labrador to Rhode Island, and in the northeast Atlantic (H. p. limandoides) it ranges from Murmansk to the English Channel, Ireland and Iceland.
|
|
Cemaes has a range of wildlife from foxes and peregrine falcons to marine life. On Wylfa Head, you can see porpoises coming up for air. Cemaes harbour is a good spot for fishing, as you can catch Atlantic mackerel, flatfish, red crabs and other fish and crustaceans. Near Cemaes is Cemlyn, which hosts the only breeding Sandwich terns in Wales.
|
|
Polperro pilchards were exported throughout Europe. Shoals of these fish diminished in the 20th century and pilchard fishing died out as Polperro's mainstay in the 1960s, however approximately twelve commercial fishing vessels still operate from the harbour catching flatfish, scallops, crabs, monkfish, ray, pollock, bass and cod. Fresh fish and seafood are available for purchase at the quayside from time to time.
|
|
Hanlon, R.T.; Warson, A.C.; and Barbosa, A. (2010). A “Mimic Octopus” in the Atlantic: Flatfish Mimicry and Camouflage by Macrotritopus defilippi. The Biological Bulletin 218(1): 15-24 The flounders and spiny turbots eat smaller fish, and have well-developed teeth. They sometimes seek prey in the midwater, away from the bottom, and show fewer extreme adaptations than other families.
|
|
The scale-eye plaice (Acanthopsetta nadeshnyi) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives at depths from between to . It can reach in length and can weigh up to . Its native habitat is the northern Pacific, primarily from the Sea of Okhotsk to Japan and Korea, though it is also found in the Bering Sea.
|
|
Passage East has a long beach which is used for fishing bass, codling, whiting, various flatfish and pollock. It is possible to walk from Passage to Woodstown when the tide is out. Passage East also has a natural mussel bed in which it is possible to dig for ragworm. Lug can be dug all the way along the coast to Woodstown.
|
|
Winter flounder Flounder or flatfish live in coastal saltwater areas, and lie at the bottom of the shallow waters waiting for shrimp or minnows to swim nearby. Flounder gigging can be done in daylight, but is often more successful done at night using powerful lights. This method targets nocturnally foraging fish. The light is used to spot the normally camouflaged fish.
|
|
The towing winch is forward of the superstructure, with the towing warps passed through deck bollards and then out to the towing blocks on the booms. Beam trawling is used in the flatfish fisheries in the North Sea. They are equipped with equipment for hauling the net and stowing it aboard. Typically an multibeam echosounder is used for finding fish.
|
|
Generally, they are benthic, or bottom-dwellers. Although few are important as food for humans, they are of great significance as prey species for commercially important fish such as cod, haddock, sea bass, and flatfish. Several gobiids are also of interest as aquarium fish, such as the dartfish of the genus Ptereleotris. Phylogenetic relationships of gobiids have been studied using molecular data.
|
|
Lernaeocera branchialis, the "cod worm", is a copepod that infects gadoids. The first host used by cod worm is a flatfish or lumpsucker, which it captures with grasping hooks at the front of its body. It penetrates the lumpsucker with a thin filament, which it uses to suck the host's blood. The nourished cod worm then mates with another one on the lumpsucker.
|
|
Though most Greenland halibut are caught in bottom-fishing gear (trawl, longline and gillnet), they have also been caught in surface drift nets, which indicates that they can have a pelagic occurrence. Stomach analysis has also shown that their diet consists mostly of pelagic or bathypelagic organisms. Though the Greenland halibut is a flatfish, it does at times behave more like a roundfish.
|
|
The speckled flounder (Limanda punctatissima) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on bottoms in the temperate waters of the northwestern Pacific, from the southern Sea of Okhotsk and the Kuril islands to the Sea of Japan, including coastal areas of Japan and Korea. It can grow up to in length, and can weigh up to .
|
|
The American smooth flounder (Pleuronectes putnami) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that inhabits shallow inshore salt and brackish waters at depths of up to . Its native habitat is the temperate waters of the northwestern Atlantic, from Ungava Bay in Quebec, Canada to Rhode Island, United States. It can grow up to in length.
|
|
Scuticociliatosis has been reported in a broad range of teleosts; it is best studied in those teleost fish commonly raised in aquaculture, where the disease is of significant economic impact. It has also been reported in seahorses, sharks, and crustaceans. The mortality rate is particularly high among flatfish, possibly due to their sedentary lifestyle involving skin-to-skin contact between individuals.
|
|
The small eyes are close to each other on the right side of the body. This gives the fish the possibility of lurking half-buried in the sand for passing prey. The common sole, just like all other flatfishes, hatches as an "ordinary" fish with one eye on each side of the body. The young metamorphose to flatfish when they are about one centimeter long.
|
|
Wedge soles are a flatfish having a maximum size of . Several characteristics permit their distinction from other Soleidae, notably the juveniles of other species with which it is sometimes confused. Its body is more elongated than most other species of the Soleidae genus, with scales that detach more easily than the common sole. The upper face is a chocolate brown and carries characteristic blueish marks.
|
|
The deepwater dab (Poecilopsetta beanii) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a bathydemersal fish that lives on bottoms at depths of . It can reach in length. Its native habitat is the western Atlantic and Caribbean, from New England, USA, south through the Gulf of Mexico to Campeche, Mexico, and from the coast of Brazil to northern Colombia, the Leeward Islands, Windward Islands, and Cuba.
|
|
Glyptocephalus cynoglossus, known in English by a variety of common names including the witch, witch flounder, pole flounder, craig fluke, Torbay sole and grey sole, is a species of flatfish from the family Pleuronectidae. It occurs on both sides of the North Atlantic Ocean on muddy sea beds in quite deep water. In northern Europe it has some importance in fisheries as a food fish.
|
|
The slender sole (Lyopsetta exilis) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on bottoms near rocky areas at depths of between . Its native habitat is the eastern Pacific coast, from the mouth of the Alsek River in Alaska in the north to Isla Cedros in Baja California, Mexico in the south. It can reach up to in length.
|
|
The solenette or yellow sole, Buglossidium luteum, is a species of flatfish in the family Soleidae, and the only member of its genus. It is characterized by its small size, low-slung semi-circular mouth, and regularly placed dark fin rays. A common and widespread species, it is native to sandy bottoms in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. It is of little commercial value.
|
|
The barfin flounder (Verasper moseri) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on sandy, muddy bottoms at depths of up to . It can reach up to in length and can weigh as much as . Its native habitat is the northwestern Pacific, specifically the Sea of Okhotsk, Japan's northern Pacific coast, the Strait of Tartary and the Kuril Islands.
|
|
Pseudorhombus arsius, the largetooth flounder, is a species of left-eyed flatfish, that is the dark side with the eyes on the adult fish is the left side of the fish's body, from the family Paralichthyidae. As Rhombus polyspilos it was named as the type species of the genus Pseudorhombus. It is an Indo-Pacific species and is fished for by both recreational and commercial fisheries.
|
|
A white flatfish, a shrimp and a jellyfish were seen by the American crew of the bathyscaphe Trieste when it dove to the bottom in 1960.Seven Miles Down: The Story of The Bathyscaph Trieste. , Rolex Deep Sea Special, January 2006. In general, the deep sea is considered to start at the aphotic zone, the point where sunlight loses its power of transference through the water.
|
|
A preserved tongue sole at a lab Tonguefishes are flatfish in the family Cynoglossidae. They are distinguished by the presence of a long hook on the snout overhanging the mouth, and the absence of pectoral fins. Their eyes are both on the left side of their bodies, which also lack a pelvic fin. This family has three genera with a total of more than 140 species.
|
|
The largest reaches a length of , though most species only reach half that size or less. They are found in tropical and subtropical oceans, mainly in shallow waters and estuaries, though some species are found in deep sea floors, and even a few in rivers. Symphurus thermophilus lives congregating around "ponds" of sulphur at hydrothermal vents on the seafloor. No other flatfish is known from hydrothermal vents.
|
|
Citharichthys gilberti, the bigmouth sanddab, is a species of flatfish in the large-tooth flounder family Paralichthyidae. It is native to the eastern Pacific Ocean, in tropical waters ranging from the Gulf of California in the north to Peru in the south. It occurs in shallow waters off the coast, to a maximum depth of . This demersal fish inhabits the soft bottoms of trawling grounds and bays.
|
|
The stone flounder (Kareius bicoloratus) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on sandy and muddy bottoms in coastal areas at depths of up to . Its native habitat is the temperate waters of the northwest Pacific, from Japan to the Kuril islands, Sakhalin, Korea, northern China and Taiwan. It is oceanodromous and is found in salt, brackish and fresh waters.
|
|
Harry Macdonald Kyle (1872–1951), given name Henry, was a Scottish ichthyologist and fisheries scientist. Kyle graduated from St Andrews University where he was a protégé of William Carmichael McIntosh. In 1903 he was appointed as Biological Secretary to the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), based in Copenhagen. He was an expert on flatfish, especially plaice, and worked with Walter Garstang at Plymouth.
|
|
The European flounder (Platichthys flesus) is a flatfish of European coastal waters from the White Sea in the north to the Mediterranean and the Black Sea in the south. It has been introduced into the United States and Canada accidentally through transport in ballast water. It is caught and used for human consumption. The European flounder is oval in shape and is usually right-eyed.
|
|
The drab sole is a type of flatfish that lives on the bottoms of brackish and freshwater rivers and estuaries around the Gulf of Mexico and along the coast of South America. It dwells generally in only shallow water, living in areas of about 1–20 meters in depth. It is also an amphidromous fish, with migrational patterns that are not unlike some species of salmon.
|
|
World catch of European plaice in thousands of tonnes, based on FAO catch dataFAO: Species Fact Sheets: Pleuronectes platessa, Retrieved 23 November 2009. The European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) is a right-eyed flounder belonging to the family Pleuronectidae. It is a commercially important flatfish that lives on the sandy bottoms of the European shelf. It ranges geographically from the Barents Sea to the Mediterranean.
|
|
Like all cormorants, the Chatham shag is a pursuit- diver, propelling itself underwater with its feet and returning to the surface to consume small prey caught in its bill. The specific diet of the Chatham shag is poorly known, but is dominated by fish, including opalfish, flatfish and bullies, as well as cephalopods such as octopuses, squid and cuttlefish. It generally feeds alone, but will form small feeding flocks at times.
|
|
The peppered flounder (Paralichthodes algoensis) is a flatfish of the family Paralichthodidae and the only species of the genus Paralichthodes. It is a demersal fish that lives on sandy and muddy bottoms in subtropical waters, at depths of up to . Its native habitat is the southeastern Atlantic and the western Indian Ocean, specifically the African coastline from Mossel Bay, South Africa, to Delagoa Bay, Mozambique. It grows up to in length.
|
|
The hornyhead turbot (Pleuronichthys verticalis) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on soft sand and mud bottoms at depths of between . Its native habitat is the subtropical waters of the Eastern Pacific, from Point Reyes in California to Magdalena Bay in Baja California, and the northern and central eastern parts of the Gulf of California. It can grow up to in length.
|
|
The ocellated turbot (Pleuronichthys ocellatus) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on bottoms at depths of between . Its native habitat is the subtropical waters of the Eastern Pacific, specifically southern Baja California (Magdalena Bay area) and the upper Gulf of California (northern Sinaloa); it is the only member of the genus to prefer subtropical waters. It can grow up to in length.
|
|
Citharichthys is a genus of flatfish in the large-tooth flounder family, Paralichthyidae. They have both eyes on the left sides of their heads. They are native to the oceans around the Americas, with a single species, C. stampflii off the West African coast. Most are found in relatively shallow depths, but the genus also includes species found in deep water (down to at least ) and species that enter fresh water.
|
|
The deepsea sole (Embassichthys bathybius) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a bathydemersal fish that lives on muddy bottoms at depths of between , though it is most often found at depths of . Its native habitat is the northern Pacific, from Japan to the Gulf of Alaska and down the Pacific coasts of Canada and the USA as far south as Mexico. It grows up to in length.
|
|
The blackfin flounder (Glyptocephalus stelleri) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives in temperate waters at depths of between , though it is most commonly found between . Its native habitat is the northern Pacific, from the Sea of Japan to the Strait of Tartary and southern Kuril Islands and out into the Bering Sea. It grows up to in length, and can weigh up to .
|
|
The Derwent flounder (Taratretis derwentensis) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on sand and mud bottoms in shallow coastal waters, at depths of between . Its native habitat is the south-western Pacific, particularly the south-east coast of Australia, from New South Wales to South Australia and Tasmania. It grows to at least in length, and can reach up to .
|
|
Most of the oil found in their bodies is concentrated in the organs, e.g. cod liver oil. Whitefish can be divided into benthopelagic fish (round fish which live near the sea bed, such as cod and coley) and benthic fish (which live on the sea bed, such as flatfish like plaice). Whitefish is sometimes eaten straight but is often used reconstituted for fishsticks, gefilte fish, lutefisk, surimi (imitation crabmeat), etc.
|
|
Fish make up some 90% of the blacktip shark's diet. A wide variety of fish have been recorded as prey for this species: sardines, herring, anchovies, ladyfish, sea catfish, cornetfish, flatfish, threadfins, mullet, mackerel, jacks, groupers, snook, porgies, mojarras, emperors, grunts, butterfish, tilapia, triggerfish, boxfish, and porcupinefish. They also feed on rays and skates, as well as smaller sharks such as smoothhounds and sharpnose sharks. Crustaceans and cephalopods are occasionally taken.
|
|
The curlfin sole (Pleuronichthys decurrens) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It was first described to science by David Starr Jordan and Charles Henry Gilbert, his long-time mentee. It is a demersal fish that lives on soft bottoms at depths of between . Its native habitat is the subtropical waters of the eastern Pacific, from Prince William Sound, Alaska in the north to San Quintín, Baja California in the south.
|
|
Flower (1968) referred to Hoeloceras as a "flatfish", in common with Lambeoceras and Gonioceras, but reassigned it to the Reudemannoceratidae (Discosorida) noting that neither (siphuncular) annuli or parispatium - diagnostic of the Actinocerida - had been observed. Since then specimens identified as Hoeloceras, and retained in the Actinocerida, have been discovered in China (Chen& Liu) and Korea (Yun, Cheol-Soo), where, in Korea, it is associated with the actinocerids, Armenoceras, Ormoceras, and Selkirkoceras.
|
|
The English sole (Parophrys vetulus) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on sandy and muddy bottoms in estuaries and near shore areas, at depths of up to . It reaches up to in length, and can weigh up to . Its native habitat is the Eastern Pacific, stretching from the coast of Baja California in the south to the Bering Sea in the north.
|
|
Berycopsis is an extinct genus of beardfish from the Cretaceous period. Fossils is known from England. It was about long and one of the first members of the Acanthopterygii, the group that includes the present day barracuda, swordfish, seahorses, and flatfish. Like its modern relatives, the first fin rays in the dorsal and anal fins were modified into defensive spines, and the pelvic fins were located close to the pectoral fins.
|
|
The Portuguese sole grows to a standard length of about . The general shape is oval, tapering somewhat towards the tail. Like other flatfish, the body is flattened laterally and the fish lies on its side, with both eyes on the right side; the upper eye is slightly in front of the lower one. The dorsal fin starts from the edge of the head and has 79 to 83 soft rays.
|
|
Miramar Beach is located along the shore of the bay opposite the peninsula. Marine species include flatfish, the commercially important English sole, rockfish, surfperch, Pacific herring, lingcod; and abundant winter species including starry flounder and top- smelt.Environmental Impact Report for the Pillar Point East Harbor Master Plan, Earth Metrics Inc., prepared for the San Mateo County Harbor District, February 1989 The bay provides an example of a logarithmic spiral beach.
|
|
In addition, a small subspecies of Canada goose, the Bering Canada goose (Branta canadensis asiatica) is extinct due to overhunting and introduction of rats to their breeding islands. The Bering Sea supports many species of fish, some of which support large and valuable commercial fisheries. Commercial fish species include Pacific cod, several species of flatfish, sablefish, Pacific salmon, and Pacific herring. Shellfish include red king crab and snow crab.
|
|
The turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) is a relatively large species of flatfish in the family Scophthalmidae. It is a demersal fish native to marine or brackish waters of the Northeast Atlantic, Baltic Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. It is an important food fish. Turbot in the Black Sea have often been included in this species, but are now generally regarded as separate, the Black Sea turbot or kalkan (S. maeoticus).
|
|
The American smooth flounder is a right-eyed flatfish, resembling the winter flounder in shape and appearance. Its upper side, including the fins, ranges in colour from dark grey to brown or almost black, and may be either uniform or mottled with darker patches of the same colour; its underside is white. Females are smooth on both sides of the body, whilst males are rough on the upper side.
|
|
The Gulf Stream flounder is a lefteyed flatfish whose mouth that lies about adjacent to its eyes. The defining characteristic of the Gulf Stream flounder is its large scales, which number about 40 on its lateral line. The left pectoral fin is noticeably longer than the right side pectoral fin. The pelvic fins are of equal size in female members of the species, but the right fin is larger in males.
|
|
The ovate sole (Solea ovata) is a species of flatfish in the true sole family, Soleidae native to the Indo-Pacific. Solea ovata has eyes on the right side with small scales on the sides of its body (ovata). The total length of its mitogenome is 16,782 bp with 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes. The organism, Solea Ovata was found in Guangdong province, China.
|
|
The Lancashire nobby was primarily a shrimp trawler towing beam trawls sized for common "brown shrimp" (Crangon crangon), "pink shrimp" or "Aesop prawn" (Pandalus montagui), or flatfish. The nobby ranged in size from about for single-handed boats and from for two-man boats. They were all pole masted cutters with gaff topsail.Miller (2009) In the north west of England the Morecambe Bay nobby emerged about 1840 as the local type.
|
|
Symphurus is a genus of fish in the family Cynoglossidae found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Ocean. Most species mainly occur in relatively shallow water, including estuaries. Some species are also found in deeper water, including S. thermophilus that lives at hydrothermal vents (the only flatfish known from this habitat).Tyler, J. (2005): Distribution, population characteristics and trophic ecology of a sulphophilic hydrothermal vent tonguefish (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae).
|
|
Compared to other flatfish, S. symphurus is slow-growing and long-lived, with a lifespan upwards of 10 years. Growth differs between populations, due to availability of food and consequent activity level. Over half their growth in length is accomplished in the first three years, with the growth rate slowing down afterwards. Both sexes likely attain sexual maturity at around 4.4 cm long and one year of age.
|
|
Although cod feed primarily on adult sprat, sprat tend to prey on the cod eggs and larvae. Cod and related species are plagued by parasites. For example, the cod worm, Lernaeocera branchialis, starts life as a copepod-like larva, a small free-swimming crustacean. The first host used by the larva is a flatfish or lumpsucker, which it captures with grasping hooks at the front of its body.
|
|
There are several reports of total albinism in both freshwater and marine fish, however, frequently captured albino fish are only reported in aquarium magazines and local newspapers. The incidence of albinism can be artificially increased in fish by exposing the eggs to heavy metals (e.g. arsenic, cadmium, copper, mercury, selenium, zinc). In the wild, albinism is reasonably common in the teleosts, especially the Pleuronectiformes (flatfish), however, it is rarely reported in the elasmobranchs.
|
|
Arctic char, ballan wrasse, barbel, beadlet anemone, bib, Bloody Henry, bream tubercles, brill, brook trout, butterfish or gunnel, chub, cod, coley, common bream, common carp, common hermit crab, common pochard, common seahorse, common starfish, common sunstar, Connemara clingfish, crucian carp, cuckoo wrasse, dahlia anemone, diving ducks. edible crab, flatfish, flounder, European lobster, European sea sturgeon, European plaice, giant wels catfish, perch, roach, rudd, sea anemones, sea bream, seahorse, starfish, tench, tufted duck.
|
|
The butter sole (Isopsetta isolepis) is an edible flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on soft, silty bottoms in temperate waters at depths between . Its native habitat is the northeastern Pacific, from the Bering Sea and the Aleutian Islands, along the coasts of Alaska, Canada, and the USA as far south as Ventura, California. It grows up to in length, and can live for up to 11 years.
|
|
The closely related species, Tellina fabula is found over the same distribution range but the two are not usually in competition as T fabula occurs from low water level to a depth of about forty metres. Because of its greater exposure at low tides, T tenuis is more susceptible to harm in cold winter weather.Encyclopedia of Life Young flatfish sometimes feed on the tips of the protruding siphons. The damaged siphons are able to regenerate.
|
|
"Slip" fried in butter is popular in Dutch cuisine The common sole, Dover sole, or black sole (Solea solea) is a species of flatfish in the family Soleidae. It lives on the sandy or muddy seabed of the northern Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea where it often semi-immerses itself in the substrate. The upper side is greyish-brown while the underside is white. It grows to a maximum length of about .
|
|
The accuracy of this observation has later been questioned and recent authorities do not recognize it as valid. The theoretical maximum depth for fish is at about , beyond which they would become hyperosmotic. Invertebrates such as sea cucumbers, some of which potentially could be mistaken for flatfish, have been confirmed at depths of and more. Walsh later said that their original observation could be mistaken as their knowledge of biology was limited.
|
|
Northern sea robin are primarily fished for sport as they put up a good fight when hooked. The spines make it difficult to clean them but they have edible flesh that is comparable with Kingcroaker or whiting and can be broiled and baked. Other uses for the northern sea robin are processing into fish meal, pet food or fertiliser. They are also used for baiting lobster pots and handlines for catching flatfish.
|
|
The roughscale sole, Clidoderma asperrimum, is an edible flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on sandy, muddy bottoms at depths from , though it is most commonly found at depths of between . It can reach in length and can weigh up to . Its native habitat is the northern Pacific, from the coasts of China and Japan, across the Bering Sea to Alaska, Canada and the Californian coast of America.
|
|
Cephalopod molluscs such as this cuttlefish can change color rapidly for signalling or to match their backgrounds. Active camouflage or adaptive camouflage is camouflage that adapts, often rapidly, to the surroundings of an object such as an animal or military vehicle. In theory, active camouflage could provide perfect concealment from visual detection. Active camouflage is used in several groups of animals, including reptiles on land, and cephalopod molluscs and flatfish in the sea.
|
|
Citharichthys cornutus, the horned whiff, is a species of flatfish in the large-tooth flounder family Paralichthyidae. This bathydemersal marine fish inhabits the continental shelves of the western Atlantic Ocean, in both tropical and subtropical waters. It ranges from New Jersey in the north to Uruguay in the south, though larvae samples have also been collected off the coast of Canada. It occurs at depths between , though it is usually found in deeper waters.
|
|
Jerry Cross is working on the Lammon murder, but refuses to divulge any details to McClain. After work, Gates and McClain go to the Flatfish Café for a beer. Gates tries to discourage McClain about the prospects for finding Sid's killer, but McClain is adamant. The following morning, McClain arrives at 6:30 for his 8 am shift, sees African-American detective Miller at his desk and assumes her to be a records clerk.
|
|
The diamond turbot (Hypsopsetta guttulata) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives in subtropical waters on sand or mud bottoms at depths of up to , though it is most commonly found between . Its native habitat is the coastal areas of the eastern Pacific, from Cape Mendocino, California in the north to Baja California in Mexico in the south. The turbot is dark green with light blue spots.
|
|
Predators generally have eyes on the front of their heads for better depth perception to focus on prey. Prey animals' eyes tend to be on the side of the head giving a wide field of view to detect predators from any direction. Flatfish are predators which lie on their side on the bottom, and have eyes placed asymmetrically on the same side of the head. A transitional fossil from the common symmetric position is Amphistium.
|
|
The English sole is a right-eyed flatfish with a compressed, diamond-shaped body and a small head with a pointed snout and small, asymmetric mouth. The upper surface is covered in rough scales and is usually uniformly brown, but occasionally speckled; the lower surface is smooth, and white to pale yellow in colour. The dorsal and ventral fin edges are dark. The lateral line is mostly straight, but curves slightly around the pectoral fin.
|
|
The Petrale sole (Eopsetta jordani) is an edible flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on sandy bottoms, usually in deep water, down to depths of about . Males can grow to in length, females to , and they can weigh up to . Its native habitat is the Eastern Pacific, stretching from the coast of Baja California in the south to the Aleutian Islands in the Bering Sea in the north.
|
|
Cleisthenes herzensteini is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on bottoms in the temperate waters of the northwest Pacific, from the Sea of Okhotsk to the Sea of Japan, Yellow Sea, Gulf of Bohai and the East China Sea. It can grow up to in length, though its length is typically around . Its maximum recorded weight is , and it can live for up to 15 years.
|
|
The Sakhalin sole (Limanda sakhalinensis) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on bottoms at depths of between , though it is most commonly found between around . Its native habitat is the polar waters of the northwestern Pacific, from the Sea of Okhotsk to the west and central Bering Sea, as far as the Pribilof Islands. It can reach up to in length, though the common length is around .
|
|
The shallow water community mostly consisted of rockfish, flatfish, sea stars and attached suspension feeders. The community at mid-depths consisted of attached suspension feeding organisms like corals, sponges, crinoids, sea anemones and sea cucumbers. The common fish species were the sablefish and the giant grenadier. The deep water community consisted of fewer attached suspension feeders and more highly mobile species like Pacific grenadier, popeye grenadier, Pacific flatnose and large mobile crabs.
|
|
The smallmouth flounder is a lefteyed flatfish, and is therefore very thin when lying on its side. Its mouth and eyes lie on the same side of its body, and are small compared to the rest of its head, and the lateral line has approximately 41 to 45 scales. The left pelvic fin lies below the lateral line, about one quarter down its body. The smallmouth flounder has 13 rakers on its first gill arch.
|
|
The lemon sole is a right-eyed flatfish with a small head and mouth and smooth, slimy skin. The upper surface is reddish brown in colour, mottled with pink and orange and flecks of yellow and green, and a prominent orange patch is typically found behind the pectoral fin, around which the lateral line also curves. The underside of the fish is white. Adults can reach lengths of up to , but most measure around .
|
|
Citharichthys abbotti, the Veracruz whiff, is a species of flatfish in the large-tooth flounder family Paralichthyidae. It is endemic to the southwestern Gulf of Mexico, found on the Eastern Mexico Continental Shelf, with Veracruz to the south and the Rio Grande to the north. It is a demersal fish that inhabits tropical waters. Like the rest of the large-tooth flounders, it has both eyes on the left side of its head.
|
|
The tufted sole (Dexillus muelleri) is a species of flatfish from the family of true soles Soleidae. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Dexillus. It is found in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans. The tufted sole is found over seabeds which consist of sand, mud, gravel, and sea grass bottoms on the inner continental shelf, they are frequently recorded as coming into bays and the mouths of estuaries.
|
|
This brittle star is predated by flatfish such as sole as well as by sand stars. The arms are most vulnerable and often get torn off or damaged, and both the arms and the aboral surface of the disc can be regenerated. The sexes are separate in this species, which commonly lives for five years. A polychaete worm, Malmgreniella lunulata, sometimes lives on the arms and a copepod sometimes inhabits the stomach.
|
|
Fish: Dorsal view of right-bending (left) and left-bending (right) jaw morphs Many flatfish, such as flounders, have eyes placed asymmetrically in the adult fish. The fish has the usual symmetrical body structure when it is young, but as it matures and moves to living close to the sea bed, the fish lies on its side, and the head twists so that both eyes are on the top.American Plaice, Canadian Fisheries. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
|
|
The C-O sole is a right-eyed flatfish with large, bulbous eyes located near the tip of the snout. The upper surface is mottled light to dark brown, with occasional white spots; there is usually a prominent mid-body dark spot with a pale patch behind it. The underside is light. There is a dark crescent-shaped marking and a large dark spot on the caudal fin, which together resemble the letters C and O.
|
|
Cod, hake, ling, tusk, herring, blackspot bream, conger, flatfish and Atlantic salmon are just some of the species represented in the fishbone assemblage. Shellfish recovered included oysters, whelks, mussels and cockles. Human fleas, dog fleas and numerous flies were present in the bilges of the ship, as well as some interesting beetles, including the Woodboring beetle, which has never been found in the UK before. The animal bone collection primarily consisted of domesticated cattle, goats, sheep and pigs.
|
|
The hogchoker (Trinectes maculatus) is a small flatfish found along the Atlantic coast of North America, ranging from Massachusetts and Florida to Panama. They prefer brackish water, and are abundant in many bays and estuaries north of the Carolinas (another similar species replaces it south of the Carolinas). It is a member of the American sole family Achiridae. They are usually brown to dark brown in color, and lighter on their "blind side" (side lacking an eye).
|
|
Hogchokers are sometimes offered for sale in aquarium stores, often marketed as "freshwater flounder" or "freshwater fluke". This is not fully correct, however. While some species of full freshwater flatfish exist from Southeast Asia and South America, the hogchoker is thought to be a species of coastal estuaries and mud flats. While some aquarists have kept specimens for their whole lives in fresh water, it is not known whether or not they can thrive without salt.
|
|
The swim bladders of the fish had to be pierced to prevent them from floating. Turbot and other flatfish were suspended on thin rope to prevent them from clogging the augur holes. Crews considered these ships safe and stable, according to Faroes crewmen who remembered sailing in them before 1920. By about 1854, the Thames was too polluted for use of welled smacks, and fishermen had to leave fish in floating cod boxes in the Thames estuary near Ipswich.
|
|
In a series of experiments (in 1891, 1893 and 1895) on the action of light on the coloration of flatfish, Cunningham directed light upon the lower sides of flatfishes by means of a glass-bottomed tank placed over a mirror. He discovered that light causes the production of pigments on the lower sides of flatfishes, and gave his results a Lamarckian interpretation. Other scientists interpreted his results differently. Review of Modern Biology (1928) by J. T. Cunningham.
|
|
The Galapagos shark usually hunts near the sea bottom. The primary food of Galapagos sharks are benthic bony fishes (including eels, sea bass, flatfish, flatheads, and triggerfish) and octopuses. They also occasionally take surface-dwelling prey such as mackerel, flyingfish and squid. As the sharks grow larger, they consume increasing numbers of elasmobranchs (rays and smaller sharks, including of their own species) and crustaceans, as well as indigestible items such as leaves, coral, rocks, and garbage.
|
|
The Zeidae are top predators in their habitat and are noted for their marked stenophagy: juveniles feed exclusively on zooplankton, such as copepods, euphausiids, mysids, apheids, pandalids, palaemonids, and other small crustaceans. Conversely, adults feed almost exclusively on active schooling fish, such as pearlsides, porgies, young carangids (e.g., mackerels), and clupeids (e.g., sardines and pilchards); and other benthic fish, such as dragonets, gobies, filefish, flatfish, bandfish, and sea chubs; and occasionally on cephalopods such as squid and cuttlefish.
|
|
Citharichthys arenaceus, the sand whiff, is a species of flatfish in the large-tooth flounder family Paralichthyidae. This demersal marine fish inhabits the western Atlantic Ocean, occurring in shallow tropical coastal waters, as well as in estuaries, bays, and lagoons. It ranges from Florida, United States, in the north to the West Indies and Brazil in the south. Like the rest of the large-tooth flounders, it has both eyes on the left side of its head.
|
|
There are also several popular species traded purely as brackish water fish, including monos spp, scats, archerfish, and various species of pufferfish, goby, flatfish, and gar. Generally, aquarists need to maintain a specific gravity of around 1.005 to 1.010 depending on the species being kept, but practically all brackish water fish tolerate variations in salinity well, and some aquarists maintain that regularly fluctuating the salinity in the aquarium actually keeps the fish healthy and free of parasites.
|
|
The flathead sole (Hippoglossoides elassodon) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on soft, silty or muddy bottoms at depths of up to . Its native habitat is the northern Pacific, from the seas of Japan and Okhotsk, across the Bering Sea and to the coast of North America, as far south as Point Reyes, United States. It grows to in length, and can weigh up to ; females are typically larger than males.
|
|
The grey gurnard is a common fish on sandy seabeds but it does occur infrequently on rocky substrates, as well as in mud areas from the shoreline down to . In the eastern Ionian Sea it has been recorded as deep as . It is a predatory species which feeds on crustaceans, largely shrimps and shore crabs, and small fish, such as gobies, flatfish, young Atlantic herring and sand eels. As with other sea robins, grey gurnards produce sounds.
|
|
The shotted halibut (Eopsetta grigorjewi) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on sandy mud bottoms in the sublittoral zone at depths of between and . It can reach in length. Its native habitat is the Western Pacific, stretching from the Pacific coast of Japan in the north, through the east coast of Korea, down the coast of China and the Yellow Sea, as far as Taiwan in the south.
|
|
Before attending medical school, he obtained master's degree on flounder (a type of flatfish), partly undertaken at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. He began at Harvard Medical School in 1898. In 1905, while an assistant in Pathology at Harvard, he studied the histology of the skin lesions in varicella, being the first to recognize inclusion bodies in varicella. In 1907, Tyzzer was a founder member of the American Association for Cancer Research, serving as its president from 1912–1913.
|
|
While in service with the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (United Kingdom), Tellina was mostly engaged in inshore surveys of young flatfish all around the British Isles, herring and sprat in the Wash, Humber and Thames estuary and of inshore shellfish stocks (crab, lobster, scallops whelks).Goodwin, N.B., Dare, P.J., Belson, S.J., Gunstone, K.L., Ellis, J.R., Rogers, S.I. (2001) A catalogue of DEFRA historical research vessel data. Sci. Ser. Tech Rep., Cefas Lowestoft, 112, 32pp.
|
|
The camping offers toilets, grills, restaurants and parking lots with abundant foliage and shade. Tourists mainly attend in summer, where temperatures are usually high, and street vendors pass by. The natural spa has shallow pots, beaches and rocks where people rest or jump into the water. You can also do activities such as fishing for small prey such as torrent catfish, flatfish, trout, mojarritas, silversides and perches; people usually play hopscotch, trekking, horseback riding or 4x4 adventure tourism.
|
|
The ridged-eye flounder (Pleuronichthys cornutus), also known as the frog flounder, is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on sand and mud coastal bottoms at depths of between . Its native habitat is the temperate waters of the northwestern Pacific, from southern Hokkaido to the Korean peninsula, the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea and the South China Sea. It can grow up to in length, and can weigh up to .
|
|
The slime flounder (Microstomus achne) is a kind of flatfish from the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on sand and mud bottoms at depths of between , though it is most commonly found between . Its native habitat is the temperate waters of the northwest Pacific, from the East China Sea to the Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan, as far as Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. It reaches up to in length, and can weigh up to .
|
|
Citharichthys xanthostigma, the longfin sanddab, is a species of flatfish in the large-tooth flounder family Paralichthyidae. It is native to the eastern Pacific Ocean, in subtropical waters ranging from Monterey Bay, California in the north, to Costa Rica in the south. It is a demersal marine fish, and can be found on the soft bottoms of coastal waters at depths between . Like the rest of the large-tooth flounders, it has both eyes on the left side of its head.
|
|
The longhead dab (Limanda proboscidea) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on bottoms at depths of up to , though it is most commonly found between . Its native habitat is the temperate waters of the northern Pacific, and it range stretches from the Sea of Okhotsk and the Kuril Islands to the Bering Sea and the arctic west coast of Canada. Males grow up to in length, though the common length is around .
|
|
Hediste diversicolor is widespread and common and is eaten by many species of birds and fish. It is the main food item for the pied avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta), the grey plover (Pluvialis squatarola), the curlew sandpiper (Calidris ferruginea), the bar-tailed godwit (Limosa lapponica) and the curlew (Numenius arquata). Several flatfish which live on intertidal mudflats feed on the ragworm. These include the common dab (Limanda limanda), the common sole (Solea solea), the European flounder (Platichthys flesus) and the European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa).
|
|
It may be surprising to learn that the UK shellfish industry is vast. Wild-caught shellfish landings have now overtaken cod and haddock, the traditional mainstays of the fleet. Of the 417,000 tonnes of seafood landed into the UK in 2006, shellfish contributed just over 133,000 tonnes or 32% of the volume. Demersal finfish (such as flatfish, cod, haddock etc.) and pelagic finfish (such as herring and mackerel) each contributed around 141,000 tonnes, approximately 34% of the total volume each.
|
|
Estuaries provide critical habitat to a variety of species that rely on estuaries for life-cycle completion. Pacific Herring (Clupea pallasii) are known to lay their eggs in estuaries and bays, surfperch give birth in estuaries, juvenile flatfish and rockfish migrate to estuaries to rear, and anadromous salmonids and lampreys use estuaries as migration corridors. Also, migratory bird populations, such as the black-tailed godwit, rely on estuaries. Two of the main challenges of estuarine life are the variability in salinity and sedimentation.
|
|
The Pacific sand sole, belongs to the order Pleuronectiformes, and the family Pleuronectidae. They are considered a flatfish due to their body shape, just like Hippoglossus (halibuts), Solea (soles), and Platichthys (flounders). This fish can get over 62.95 cm (24.78 in) in length and on average this fish can weigh approximately 2.484 kg (5.476 lbs). Their dorsal side, which houses both of their eyes, can come in a variety of colors like gray, green, or brown, with blotches of dark brown or black.
|
|
A flatfish is a member of the ray-finned demersal fish order Pleuronectiformes, also called the Heterosomata, sometimes classified as a suborder of Perciformes. In many species, both eyes lie on one side of the head, one or the other migrating through or around the head during development. Some species face their left sides upward, some face their right sides upward, and others face either side upward. Many important food fish are in this order, including the flounders, soles, turbot, plaice, and halibut.
|
|
Sunset Bay State Park, near Coos Bay, and Strawberry Hill, near Yachats, are among the largest collections of tidepools and are popular places for exploring them. Also common along the coast are kelp forests and rock reefs. Both areas harbor much of Oregon's marine life, including many species of fish, such as the numerous species of rockfish, flatfish, and greenlings. Because these areas provide a shelter from oceanic currents, these zones share many invertebrate species with the onshore tidal zone.
|
|
Detail of the dorsal fin curl from which the species derives its common name The curlfin sole is a right-eyed flatfish with large, closely set eyes and a small mouth. The upper surface is reddish brown to dark brown or black, usually with brown or grey mottling; the underside is light. The fins are dark in colour, and the caudal fin is rounded. There is a high, bony ridge between the eyes with a blunt spine at each end.
|
|
With demersal fish the sand is usually pumped out of the mouth through the gill slit. Most demersal fish exhibit a flat ventral region so as to more easily rest their body on the substrate. The exception may be the flatfish, which are laterally depressed but lie on their sides. Also, many exhibit what is termed an "inferior" mouth, which means that the mouth is pointed downwards; this is beneficial as their food is often below them in the substrate.
|
|
World Sea Fishing: Black Rock Sands Bass, flatfish, eel and some very large mullet can be caught in Porthmadog Harbour, in the heart of the town, though care must be taken to avoid taking the poisonous lesser weever. The Lôn Las Cymru cycle route passes through Porthmadog on its way from Holyhead to Cardiff. Glaslyn Angling Association controls fishing rights on most of the Afon Glaslyn up to Beddgelert. It mainly produces sea trout, but salmon and brown trout appear.
|
|
Examples include small forage fish, such as sardines, herring and anchovies, and other larger pelagic fish, such as salmon, trout, tuna, swordfish and mackerel. Oily fish can be contrasted with white fish, which contain oil only in the liver, and much less overall than oily fish. Examples of white fish are cod, haddock and flatfish. White fish are usually demersal fish which live on or near the seafloor, whereas oily fish are pelagic, living in the water column away from the bottom.
|
|
It is also one of the few places to see a short-tailed albatross (Phoebastria albatrus), which is extremely rare; the species was thought to have gone extinct after World War II. Currently the world population hovers at around 1000 individuals. Cordell Bank is also known for its abundance of fish. Flatfish, most notably sanddabs, make their home on the mud of the seafloor in the sanctuary. Both solitary and schooling fish find refuge for predators among the bank's rocky pinnacles.
|
|
The Atlantic halibut is the world's largest flatfish. The IGFA record was apparently broken off the waters of Norway in July 2013 by a , fish. This was awaiting certification as of 2013.515-Pound Halibut Caught By Marco Leibenow Near Norway May Be World Record Woods 'n Water Magazine, 19 August 2013. In July 2014, a Pacific halibut was caught in Glacier Bay, Alaska; this is, however, discounted from records because the halibut was shot and harpooned before being hauled aboard.
|
|
At around 11 to 13 years old, the males become sexually mature; females become sexually mature at about 5 to 8 years old. Narwhals do not have a dorsal fin, and their neck vertebrae are jointed like those of most other mammals, not fused as in dolphins and most whales. Found primarily in Canadian Arctic and Greenlandic and Russian waters, the narwhal is a uniquely specialized Arctic predator. In winter, it feeds on benthic prey, mostly flatfish, under dense pack ice.
|
|
Citharichthys mariajorisae, the five-rayed sanddab, is a species of flatfish in the large-tooth flounder family Paralichthyidae. It is native to the eastern Pacific Ocean, in tropical waters ranging from the Gulf of California in the north to the Bay of Panama in the south. It is a demersal marine fish, inhabiting the sandy bottoms of shallow coastal waters at a depth between . Like the rest of the large-tooth flounders, it has both eyes on the left side of its head.
|
|
The yellow striped flounder (also known as the littlemouth flounder), Pseudopleuronectes herzensteini, is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal saltwater fish that occurs in the temperate waters of the northwestern Pacific, from the Sea of Japan to the Kuril Islands, Sakhalin, Korea, the Yellow Sea, Gulf of Bohai and the East China Sea. It can grow up to in length, though commonly it reaches around ; its maximum recorded weight is and its maximum reported lifespan is 15 years.
|
|
The drab sole, like most flatfish, has both eyes on the same side of its head as an adult. It is brown with green fins and the body (including the fins) is covered in black spots. It can grow to a size of 37 cm (although they average only about 30 cm) and have been recorded as weighing up to 1 kg. The fish is an obligate carnivore and its diet consists of various smaller finfish and crustaceans living in the sediment.
|
|
The Ten Mile River has intermittent ocean connectivity, so that the estuary effectively becomes a freshwater lagoon in some years. As a result, seasonal use by anadromous and marine fishes varies significantly from year to year. When the mouth is open, Ten Mile River Estuary serves as a migration corridor for anadromous salmonids and a rearing area for juvenile coastal fishes, including flatfish and surfperch. In summer, juvenile shiner surfperch (Cymatogaster aggregata) will flock to the highly productive saltmarshes when tidally flooded.
|
|
The rock sole (Lepidopsetta bilineata) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on sand and gravel bottoms at depths of up to , though it is most commonly found between . Its native habitat is the temperate waters of the northern Pacific, from Baja California to Alaska, the Aleutian Islands and southeastern parts of the Bering Sea. It grows up to in length and can weigh up to , and has a maximum recorded lifespan of 22 years.
|
|
At one end a layer of clay spread on the bottom supported hot coals, an indispensable source of heat if you were going to spend much time in the boat. Dozens of species of fish have been found in the middens. Some of the most common are pike, whitefish, cod and ling at Østenkaer, anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus), three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and eel at Krabbesholm. The oldest site, Yderhede, featured remains of flatfish and sharks: porbeagle, topeshark, smoothhound and at Lystrup Enge spurdog.
|
|
It takes a variety of fish prey but an unusually high proportion (nearly 30% by weight on average, and up to 80% in some individuals) of crustaceans. In New Zealand waters it is most often seen preying on the local flounder and other small flatfish. Eels and insect larvae are also consumed. These are brought to the surface to be swallowed: the bird will sometimes put a fish down on the surface of the water in order to re- orient it and swallow it head first.
|
|
Paralichthys adspersus, the fine flounder, is a species of large-tooth flounder native to the eastern Pacific Ocean, along the continental shelf from the coast of Ecuador in the north to the coast of Peru in the south. It is a medium-sized flatfish, growing up to 70 cm in length, with females typically being larger than males. It is a game fish, caught by an artisanal fishery off the Peruvian coast. The species is a predator, feeding off smaller fishes in its habitat.
|
|
The yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on soft, sandy bottoms at depths of up to , though it is most commonly found at depths of around . Its native habitat is the temperate waters of the northern Pacific, from Korea and the Sea of Japan to the Sea of Okhotsk, the Bering Sea and Barkley Sound on the west coast of Canada. Males grow up to in length, though the common length is around .
|
|
In fish, most bottom feeders exhibit a flat ventral region so as to more easily rest their body on the substrate. The exception may be the flatfish, which are laterally depressed but lie on their sides. Also, many exhibit what is termed an "inferior" mouth, which means that the mouth is pointed downwards; this is beneficial as their food is often going to be below them in the substrate. Those bottom feeders with upward-pointing mouths, such as stargazers, tend to seize swimming prey.
|
|
However, the cod fishing rapidly depleted the fish population in the 1990s near the Labrador and West Greenland banks and was therefore halted in 1992. Other fishery targets include haddock, Atlantic herring, lobster and several species of flatfish and pelagic fish such as sand lance and capelin. They are most abundant in the southern parts of the sea. Beluga whales, while abundant to the north, in the Baffin Bay, where their population reaches 20,000, are rare in the Labrador Sea, especially since the 1950s.
|
|
Examination of stomach contents of fish caught off California showed that they were not fussy eaters and consumed whatever fish were plentiful at the time. Their diet was predominantly sardines, midshipmen, flatfish, rockfish, and squid. Feeding is done both in open water and near the seabed as sardines and squid are pelagic animals, while the remainder are benthic species. The school shark is ovoviviparous; its eggs are fertilised internally and remain in the uterus where the developing foetus feeds on the large yolk sac.
|
|
Glyptocephalus cynoglossus is a right-eyed flatfish with a small mouth which reaches the forward edge of the lower eye. The mouth contains a single series of small, incisor like teeth. It has a small head which takes up a fifth of the total length with large, open blister-like mucous pits on its blind side Its body is strongly, dorsally compressed and oval in shape. The body is elongated and has a standard length which is 2.5-3.5 times longer than it is broad.
|
|
They are brownish grey to greyish brown in colour on their eyed side, with less variation in colour than other flatfish, with the body and fins densely spotted with minute black spots; the median fins become duskier towards their margins. The blind side is white,marked with tiny black dots, although occasionally fish are recorded with the blind side a similar colour to the eyed side. They grow to a maximum size of 60 cm standard length but are normally no more than 40 cm.
|
|
Lepeophtheirus pectoralis is a species of parasitic copepod from the northeast Atlantic Ocean, and the type species of the genus Lepeophtheirus. It is a parasite of flatfish, with the European flounder (Platichthys flesus), the plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), and the dab (Limanda limanda) as the most frequent hosts. It feeds on the mucus, skin, and blood of the fish, with egg- producing females infecting the pectoral and pelvic fins of the host, while immature individuals and males are found on the rest of the body.
|
|
Citharichthys gymnorhinus, the anglefin whiff, is a species of flatfish in the large-tooth flounder family Paralichthyidae. It is a demersal marine fish that inhabits the mid to outer continental shelf of the western Atlantic Ocean, in both tropical and subtropical waters. It ranges from the Bahamas and Florida in the north to Guyana and Nicaragua in the south, though larvae samples have also been collected off the coast of Canada. It occurs at depths between , but is most commonly found in shallower waters.
|
|
Arnoglossus imperialis is a flatfish which has a short snout, shorter than diameter of eye. The eyes are separated by a bony ridge with the lower eye slightly in front of the upper eye. It has 95-106 rays in its dorsal fin and 74-82 in its anal fin, the males have the second to sixth dorsal fin rays elongated and thickened, in the females and it is the second to fifth. The lateral line has 51-66 scales and curves above the pectoral fin.
|
|
The maximum recorded lifespan is 10 years for males and 14 for females, at which age they attain a length around 200 cm. Common ling is mainly a solitary and benthic species, which hides among rocks, crevices, and wrecks in deep water, although they are often free swimming in deep water. They are mainly piscivorous and their main prey include species such as Trisopterus esmarkii, Atlantic cod, Atlantic herring, and flatfish, but they also feed on crustaceans (e.g. European lobsters), cephalopods, and echinoderms (e.g. starfish).
|
|
Two fossil species are known from the Miocene of Japan. C. chitaensis Ohe & Kawase 1995 is known from the Yamami formation of the Chita PeninsulaOhe F. & Kawase M. (1995): Clidoderma chitaensis, A New Fossil Flat Fish, from the Miocene Yamami Formation, Chita Peninsula, Aichi, Central Japan. Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum （Academic Journal ,1995 ） / 22 , 1-7 and C. yamagataensis Sakamoto, Uyeno & Otsu 2001 known from Yamagata Prefecture.Sakamoto K. & Uyeno T. (2001): Clidoderma yamagataensis, a New Middle Miocene Righteye Flatfish, from Yamagata Prefecture, Japan.
|
|
A mackerel from the ocean is placed in the fish tank of a sushi restaurant in a Korean fishing village. She is driven to escape after witnessing another mackerel being prepared as food. Her tank is co-inhabited by a group of farm fish consisting of a striped beakfish, a snapper, a sea bass, a saltwater eel and the youthful greenling Spotty. They are ruled by a flatfish who hides underneath a grate and instructs the tank's fish to prolong their survival by playing dead when humans approach the restaurant.
|
|
The economy also used to rely on fishing as it is on the coast, next to a spit named Flecha del Rompido (English: Arrow of El Rompido) separated by the Río Piedras. Fishing was, for a long time, a key part of life in El Rompido with boats still docked on the beach today, used for catching flatfish and shrimp. Almadraba tuna fishing attracted many Portuguese workers and people alike. On the last weekend of July the village celebrates the festival of the Virgen del Carmen, a festival commonly celebrated in southern Spain.
|
|
The Mediterranean scaldfish is a small flatfish with a slender oval body, a small head with large eyes placed on the left side of the head. It has an oblique mouth which is moderately sized. The dorsal fin has its origin in front of its upper eye, the first dozen or so dorsal fin rays are partially fee from the fin membrane, although they are not elongated. The pelvic fin on the eyed side has a long bas and is larger than its equivalent on its blind side.
|
|
Sole meunière with capers and prawn Sole meunière (or sole à la meunière) is a classic French fish dish consisting of sole, preferably whole (gray skin removed) or filet, that is dredged in flour, pan fried in butter and served with the resulting brown butter sauce, parsley and lemon. When cooked, sole meunière has a light but moist texture and a mild flavor. Since sole is a flatfish, a single fish will yield four filets rather than the two filets that a roundfish will produce. When preparing sole meunière, a true Dover sole is preferred.
|
|
The electroreceptive ampullae of Lorenzini may also contribute to prey detection. Small, benthic bony fishes constitute over 90% of the marbled electric ray's diet by weight; these include gobies, hake, sea bass, mullets, jack mackerel, sea breams, goatfish, damselfish, wrasses, conger eels, and flatfish. Cephalopods such as European squid (Loligo vulgaris) and elegant cuttlefish (Sepia elegans) are a minor secondary food source. There is a single record of an individual that had swallowed a penaeid prawn, Penaeus kerathurus, and a study of captive rays found that they reject live Macropodia crabs.
|
|
A short video on monitoring and conservation of grey seals at Skomer Island Captive grey seal being fed, showing snout shape The grey seal feeds on a wide variety of fish, mostly benthic or demersal species, taken at depths down to 70 m (230 ft) or more. Sand eels (Ammodytes spp) are important in its diet in many localities. Cod and other gadids, flatfish, herring, wrasse and skates are also important locally. However, it is clear that the grey seal will eat whatever is available, including octopus and lobsters.
|
|
The leopard shark captures prey with a combination of suction and biting. The diet of the leopard shark consists of small benthic and littoral animals, most significantly crabs (Cancridae, Grapsidae, and Hippoidea), shrimp, bony fish (including anchovies, herring, topsmelt, croakers, surfperch, gobies, rockfish, sculpins, flatfish, and midshipmen), fish eggs, clams, and the echiurid fat innkeeper worm (Urechis caupo). This opportunistic hunter has also been known to eat ghost shrimp, polychaete worms, and the young of smoothhounds, shovelnose guitarfish (Rhinobatos productus), and bat rays (Myliobatis californicus). Eelgrass (Zostera) and algae may be swallowed incidentally.
|
|
Aquarium in the Baltic Sea Science Center, holding freshwater fishes, with models of harbour porpoises suspended above The Baltic Sea Science Center contains educational displays, marine and freshwater aquaria, and a teaching area and laboratory. One large aquarium displays the two subspecies of Atlantic and Baltic herring (Clupea harengus and Clupea harengus membras). Another holds freshwater fishes such as pike, rudd, tench, and perch. The largest, with a capacity of 250,000 liters and a walk-through tunnel, holds predatory fish such as cod, flatfish, eels, salmon, and sturgeons.
|
|
Porbeagle teeth are suited for grasping fish, with a long central cusp and a tiny cusplet on either side. The porbeagle is an active predator that predominantly ingests small to medium-sized bony fishes. It chases down pelagic fishes such as lancet fish, mackerel, pilchards, herring, and sauries, and forages near the bottom for groundfishes such as cod, hake, icefish, dories, sand lances, lumpsuckers, and flatfish. Cephalopods, particularly squid, also form an important component of its diet, while smaller sharks such as spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) and tope sharks (Galeorhinus galeus) are rarely taken.
|
|
Its morphology with the left eye positioned on the dorsal ridge of the forehead gives it an appearance of a cyclops when looking straight at it. The central position of the left eye in the Greenland halibut probably gives it a much wider range of peripheral vision in comparison to other flatfish, where the eye has migrated completely. Its body shape is elongated and compressed dorsoventrally and muscles on both sides are equally developed. Both sides are pigmented, but the left blind side is slightly lighter in color than the right side.
|
|
The north Atlantic species is known in English as deal fish, in Icelandic as vogmær and in Swedish as vågmär. Its length is usually 5 to 8 ft (1.5–3.5 m), but it can sometimes be found at over 20 ft. Specimens seem usually to be driven to the shore by gales in winter, and are sometimes left by the tide. S. Nilsson, however, in Scandinavia observed a living specimen in two or three fathoms (4–5 m) of water moving something like a flatfish with one side turned obliquely upwards.
|
|
In the case of the health condition situs inversus totalis, in which all the internal organs are flipped horizontally (i.e. the heart placed slightly to the right instead of the left), chirality poses some problems should the patient require a liver or heart transplant, as these organs are chiral, thus meaning that the blood vessels which supply these organs would need to be rearranged should a normal, non situs inversus (situs solitus) organ be required. In flatfish, the Summer flounder or fluke are left-eyed, while halibut are right-eyed.
|
|
There is ongoing research into the suitability of S. rivulatus as a suitable species for aquaculture, both in the Mediterranean and in the Red Sea. It is considered that the mainly herbivorous species may prove more sustainable than the more normal species in aquaculture such as salmonids, gadids and flatfish which are mainly carnivorous and require high protein food to grow. It has been shown that S. rivulatus can be matured and spawned in captivity, readily consumes artificial feeds, can be reared in offshore cages and has good market demand.
|
|
The Savick Brook was known to be tidal as far as Haslam Park, what is now the bottom of the 3 lock staircase. As with all brooks entering the salt water sea, it was a breeding ground for flatfish. Other migratory fish are known to have used the Savick Brook to reach their spawning grounds. The Millennium Ribble Link was built with locks and straightened leaving the original meanders of the Savick Brook, but only by constructing over-flow weirs at each lock allowing water to continue to flow through the Savick Brook.
|
|
The barbeled houndshark seems to be an active swimmer, based on its strong musculature, long tail, short trunk, and small liver. It feeds on a wide variety of bottom- and shore-dwelling organisms. Crustaceans (including crabs, lobsters, and shrimp) are favored prey, while small bony fishes (including sardines, anchovies, snake eels, blennies, gobies, and flatfish), skate and flying fish eggs, octopus, and sponges are also eaten; miscellaneous objects such as feathers, vegetable scraps, and flowers have also been recovered from its stomach. Known parasites of this species include the copepods Eudactylina leptochariae and Thamnocephalus cerebrinoxius.
|
|
Solea aegyptiaca is a commercially important flatfish species in the Mediterranean waters of Egypt where it is fished by bottom trawls . The exploitation rate of S. aegyptiaca was 0.71, which is greater than the optimum fisheries exploitation rate of 0.66. A close season has been suggested so that fisheries cease when this species is spawning in January to June with a minimum catch size of 18 cm also being suggested so that all fish have the opportunity to reproduce. The species has also been grown in aquaculture in Egypt.
|
|
The northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on sand, mud and gravel bottoms at depths of up to , though it is most commonly found between . Its native habitat is the temperate waters of the northern Pacific, from Puget Sound to Alaska (overlapping the range of the rock sole), the Aleutian Islands and across the Bering Sea to the Kuril Islands and the Sea of Okhotsk (overlapping the range of the dusky sole). Males grow up to in length, whilst females can reach .
|
|
Symphurus thermophilus is a species of tonguefish notable for being the only flatfish known to be an obligate inhabitant of hydrothermal vents. It is known from several widely dispersed locations in the western Pacific Ocean and occurs in great numbers. They are tolerant of harsh conditions and are often found in close association with elemental sulfur, including molten sulfur pools that exceed 180 °C in temperature. As they are not significantly different in appearance and feeding habits from other tonguefishes, they are thought to be relatively recent colonizers of vent ecosystems.
|
|
Although small, this estuary provides nursery habitat for juvenile rockfish (Sebastes melanops, S. rastrelliger) and several species of flatfish, including starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus), English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus), and speckled sanddab (Citharichthys stigmaeus). The estuary also serves as a migration corridor for salmonids and Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata), and as a summer feeding ground for several marine species, including topsmelt (Atherinops affinis) and surf smelt (Hypomesus pretiosis). Pacific staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus) prickly sculpin (Cottus asper), coast range sculpin (C. aleuticus), and Three-spine stickleback (Gasterosteous aculeatus) are present in the estuary year-round.
|
|
Salmon dish South Korea holds one of highest seafood production and consumption rates in the world, and since 1980, their per capita daily average fish consumption has been ever-increasing by 2.2%. The consumption of fish species such as yellow croaker, largehead hairtail and flatfish were more traditional, whereas since the start of the 2000s South Korea has seen a move to high-valued seafood such as King crab, salmon and shrimp. It is known that the expenditure of particular fish species positively correlates with an individual's income; i.e.: where income rises, so does the expenditure of fish.
|
|
This creates a highly productive habitat, which supports a rich array of sea creatures including crabs, starfish, flatfish, seals and dolphins; the Berwick Bank in particular is noted as an important spawning ground for plaice. The sand and gravel of the banks also support ocean quahog, a large and slow growing clam which have a lifespan of more than 400 years and are thus considered to be amongst the oldest living animals on Earth. The richness of the seas here means that the banks are also important for seabirds nesting on the east coast of Scotland, which regularly visit the area to feed.
|
|
The river downstream of Maghull is rich agricultural land, but of it is below sea level and so requires the pumping stations to prevent tidal incursions into the river. The river was once well known for its fish and large quantities of eels were trapped upstream and in its tributaries. Flatfish like dabs, plaice and flounder were caught in the estuary and the tidal reaches, vast cockle beds were worked in the estuary. The river began to change in the early 20th century as Liverpool expanded and industry, then new housing began to grow along its banks.
|
|
The temperature in the cabin was 7 °C (45 °F) at the time. While at maximum depth, Piccard and Walsh unexpectedly regained the ability to communicate with the support ship, USS Wandank (ATA-204), using a sonar/hydrophone voice communications system. At a speed of almost - about five times the speed of sound in air - it took about seven seconds for a voice message to travel from the craft to the support ship and another seven seconds for answers to return. While at the bottom, Piccard and Walsh reported observing a number of small sole and flounder (both flatfish).
|
|
Rhombosoleidae is a family of flatfish in the order Pleuronectiformes, comprising nine genera and 19 species; all members of this family are right eye flounders with asymmetrical pelvic fins. Species are typically demersal, living on bottoms in temperate marine waters on the continental shelf, although some species of Rhombosolea enter fresh water in New Zealand. Most are restricted to waters around Australia and New Zealand, though the Remo flounder, Oncopterus darwinii, occurs in the southwestern Atlantic and the Indonesian ocellated flounder, Psammodiscus ocellatus, occurs in Indonesia. In some traditional classifications, this group was formerly recognised as a subfamily, Rhombosoleinae, of the Pleuronectidae.
|
|
When they reach their final host they develop into adults. Dependent on the species of Contracaecum the definitive host can be mammals, including humans, birds, and in some cases, fish. In experiments third stage larvae of Contracaecum osculatum were shown to be infective of copepods, for example the larvae measuring 300-320 microns infected nauplius larvae of Balanus and small species of fish such as stickleback and eelpout. Larger fish such as flatfish and gobies were infected with the larvae by consuming the crustaceans while yet larger, predatory fish were infected by consuming these smaller fish.
|
|
During World War II, Benítez saw action aboard the submarines USS Dace (SS-247) and USS Grenadier (SS-210) and on various occasions weathered depth charge attacks. For his actions, he was awarded the Silver Star twice and the Bronze Star Medal. He served as commanding officer (with the rank of lieutenant commander) of the submarine USS Halibut (SS-232) from February 15, 1945 to May 19, 1945.Warship Commands listed for Rafael Celestino Benitez, USN The Halibut was the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for the halibut, a large species of flatfish.
|
|
The unusual, twisted shape of the mouth of the sand flounder is due to the movement of the skull and bones as the left eye migrates to the right side of the body. While this slow process is occurring, the sand flounder begins to grow out to the side and flatten, losing its rounded shape. This metamorphism makes swimming as the larval sand flounder was able to difficult and exhausting. The now juvenile sand flounders sink to the bottom and begin swimming as adult flatfish do, by undulating their side fins and for rapid acceleration, use their tail.
|
|
Scientists identified the genetic mutation that conferred the resistance, and found that the mutated form was present in 99 percent of the tomcods in the river, compared to fewer than 10 percent of the tomcods from other waters. The hogchoker flatfish have been historically abundant in the river, where farmers would use them for inexpensive livestock feed, giving the fish its name. Other unusual fish found in the river include the northern pipefish, the lined seahorse, and the northern puffer. The Atlantic sturgeon, a species about 120 million years old, enter the estuary during their annual migrations.
|
|
Benthic flatfish and benthopelagic cod on a shore – Jan van Kessel senior, 1626–1679 Demersal fish can be divided into two main types: strictly benthic fish which can rest on the sea floor, and benthopelagic fish which can float in the water column just above the sea floor. Benthopelagic fish have neutral buoyancy, so they can float at depth without much effort, while strictly benthic fish are denser, with negative buoyancy so they can lie on the bottom without any effort. Most demersal fish are benthopelagic. As with other bottom feeders, a mechanism to deal with substrate is often necessary.
|
|
The winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), also known as the black back, is a right-eyed ("dextral") flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is native to coastal waters of the western north Atlantic coast, from Labrador, Canada to Georgia, United States, although it is less common south of Delaware Bay. It is the most common near-shore (shallow-water) flounder in the waters from Newfoundland down through Massachusetts Bay, reaching a maximum size around 61 cm in length and 2.25 kg in weight. The species grows larger on Georges Bank, where they can reach a length of 70 cm and weight of 3.6 kg.
|
|
Dungeness crab, clams and flatfish are abundant. In the past, strong salmon runs passed through on the way to the rivers on the mainland, but they have all but disappeared as have the once plentiful bait of candlefish and herring. Most of the fishing in southern end of Whidbey Island takes place on the western side, in Possession Sound, Mutiny Bay, or Double Bluff. Saratoga Passage was named by Charles Wilkes, during the Wilkes Expedition of 1838–1842, for the Saratoga, the flagship of Thomas MacDonough during the Battle of Lake Champlain of the War of 1812.
|
|
The rex sole (Glyptocephalus zachirus) is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. Locally, it may also be known as a witch or threadfin sole (due to the filamentous pelvic fin on the eyed surface). It is a demersal fish that lives in temperate waters on sand or mud bottoms at depths of up to , though it is most commonly found between . Its native habitat is the northern Pacific, from Baja California in Mexico up the coasts of the United States, British Columbia and Alaska, across the Bering Sea to the coast of Russia and the Sea of Japan.
|
|
They were Jean-Baptiste Reny-Rombaud or Reny- Rimbeau (now Rennie) and Jean-Baptiste Vendome (now Venedam). Settlers that arrived later in the 19th century included Philipart (likely French), LeCroix (now Cross) from St. Pierre and Miquelon, Toupais (likely French), Drouillet (origin unknown), Wolfe (from Chezzetcook), Benoit (from Tracadie), and Deslauriers (originally Jacquet from Quebec and now Delorey) from Tracadie. The early settlers were self-sufficient, and initially survived mainly by fishing. They fished flatfish (flounder), eel, and smelts from Pomquet Harbour, trout and salmon from Pomquet River, and mackerel and lobsters from St. George's Bay.
|
|
On their 1960 descent, the crew of the Trieste noted that the floor consisted of diatomaceous ooze and reported observing "some type of flatfish" lying on the seabed."To the bottom of the sea" , T. A. Heppenheimer, AmericanHeritage.com Many marine biologists are now skeptical of this supposed sighting, and it is suggested that the creature may instead have been a sea cucumber."James Cameron dives deep for Avatar", Guardian, 18 January 2011"James Cameron heads into the abyss", Nature, 19 March 2012 The video camera on board the Kaiko probe spotted a sea cucumber, a scale worm and a shrimp at the bottom.
|
|
In demersal fishery, the species fishes caught are white fish (cod, hake, haddock, whiting, saithe), flatfish (sole, plaice, flounder and so forth), lobster and deep water prawns. One feature which needs consolidation is the uniting of small fishing operators of Denmark into one viable major sector, as at present the Norwegians have held this position. As the Danish industrial and cod fisheries role is a major factor in the North Sea, the resource position of a few species is not definite. The key ports for fishing in the above types of fishing operations are Esbjerg, Thyboren, Hansholm, Hirtshals, and Skagen.
|
|
Like Hector's dolphins, Māui dolphins are most abundant in coastal waters with high turbidity Māui dolphins spend much of their time making dives to find fish on the sea floor, though will also forage in mid water and near the surface. The diet of Māui dolphins is poorly understood though is known to include ahuru, red codling and Peltorhamphus flatfish, based on the stomach contents of three dead individuals. These species are also known to be among the key prey of South Island Hector's dolphins. Known predators of Hector's and Māui dolphins include broadnose sevengill shark, great white shark and blue shark.
|
|
Tsuruoka and the whole region of Shônai benefit from a large variety of fishes and sea food coming from the Sea of Japan. Among all the local sea foods you can find in Tsuruoka, there are: Cherry salmon, Japanese seabream, blue crab, littlemouth flounder, flatfish, black rockfish, tonguefish, flying squid, oyster, sea robin, sandfish, Japanese codfish, and others. The huge variety of fresh local fishes and seafood in Tsuruoka had contributed to the local sushi shops' good reputation, but it has also helped constitute a very particular kind of "family gastronomy", where fishes hold a very important place.
|
|
Tellina operated out of the port of Lowestoft. In 1982 Tellina was sold into private ownership, and renamed Dawn Hunter. In 1984, 1986, 1987 and 1988 Dawn Hunter was re-hired by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (United Kingdom) to continue her earlier work surveying young flatfish along the English East coast, herring in the Thames estuary but also Nephrops (Norway lobster) fishing grounds of northeast England. In 1984-1988 she was listed as being owned by Captain John Cole, and based out of Whitby, Yorkshire.Cruise Report – 1984 Charter Cruise Programme – Dawn Hunter, 13 July-2 August 1984.
|
|
The Arctic flounder (Liopsetta glacialis), also known as the Christmas flounder, eelback flounder and Polar plaice, is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on coastal mud bottoms in salt, brackish and fresh waters at depths of up to . Its native habitat is the polar waters of the northeastern Atlantic and Arctic oceans, from the White and Barents seas to the coasts of Siberia in Russia and Queen Maud Gulf in Canada, and from the Chuckchi and Bering seas to Bristol Bay in Alaska and the northern Sea of Okhotsk. It can grow up to in length.
|
|
Scuticociliates are free-living marine microorganisms that can function as opportunistic or facultative parasites. M. avidus infects a broad range of teleost species, as well as other groups of marine organisms such as seahorses, sharks, and crustaceans. It is one of the best characterized of the group of scuticoliciates known to cause the fish disease scuticociliatosis, in which histophagous (tissue-eating) ciliates consume the blood, skin, and eventually internal organs of infected fish. The disease has an especially high mortality rate among flatfish, possibly due to their sedentary lifestyle involving high levels of skin contact between individuals.
|
|
Solea senegalensis is a demersal marine flatfish which occurs on sandy or muddy bottoms, these can be in varied habitats from brackish lagoons and shallow waters to coastal regions where the water can be 100 m in depth. The adults feed mainly on small benthic invertebrates, especially polychaetes and bivalves, with some small crustaceans. Females attain sexual maturity at around 3 years of age and a total length of 32 cm. Spawning takes place during the summer peaking in June around the Iberian Peninsula and in the Bay of Biscay when the water temperature is between 15 °C and 20 °C.
|
|
That night, Flappy, in spite of her hunger and out of stubborn pride against the flatfish, declines to join in devouring a dying halibut, who mocks the flatfish's cowardice before his death. Flappy leaps into the king crab tank, where she is nearly killed until a young boy mischievously scoops her out of the tank and places her in the restaurant's aquarium. The starved Flappy devours all but one of the aquarium's clownfish before injuring herself on a knight decoration's sword and losing consciousness. Spotty's own attempt to speak to the king crabs in their tank results in his death, and his body is placed in the farm fish's tank.
|
|
The Baltic flounder (Platichthys solemdali) is a species of flatfish endemic to the Baltic Sea, where it is the only known endemic fish species. It is sympatric with the closely related European flounder (P. flesus), which it looks identical to and can only be distinguished from via genetic analysis. However, both have very different spawning behaviors and habitat requirements; the strongly migratory European flounder requires a minimum level of salinity and spawns in the pelagic zone where its eggs are carried by the waves, whereas the largely resident Baltic flounder is more tolerant of salinity decreases and spawns in shallow neritic areas where its eggs sink to the seabed.
|
|
In the southern North Sea, this species has become much more common during the second half of the 20th century. In the 1930s there was an average of about 69 individuals per square metre in suitable habitats, by 1950 this had dropped to 29 but by 1986, it had increased to 416 per square metre. A similar trend was observed in the Skagerrak and Kattegatt area but not in the Baltic Sea or Irish Sea. It is suggested that this build up in numbers was mainly due to eutrophication of the North Sea, although overfishing of the flatfish that feed on the brittle stars may have played a minor role.
|
|
Hector's dolphins are generalist feeders, with prey selection based on size (mostly under 10 cm in length) rather than species, although spiny species also appear to be avoided. The largest prey item recovered from a Hector's dolphin stomach was an undigested red cod weighing 500 g with a standard length of 35 cm. The stomach contents of dissected dolphins include a mixture of surface-schooling fish, midwater fish, squid, and a variety of benthic species. The main prey species in terms of mass contribution is red cod, and other important prey include Peltorhamphus flatfish, ahuru, New Zealand sprat, Nototodarus arrow squid, and juvenile giant stargazer.
|
|
Electric pulse fishing is applied on a limited scale for catching flatfish. In this branch of demersal fishery different techniques can be used for disturbing fish on the seabed and sending them up into the belly of the net. In conventional bottom trawling the trawl doors and foot rope, which consists of steel chains mounted to the bottom of the net opening, disturb the seabed, causing the demersal fish to swim along in the mouth of the net until they succumb and fall into cod end. Electric pulse fishing gear does not involve these chains, but features cables with electrodes consisting of isolated and conductive elements mounted in the dragging direction.
|
|
Careful examination allows A. lineatus and other right-eyed achirids to be distinguished from all co-occurring flatfish of the families Bothidae (lefteye flounders) and Cynoglossidae (tonguefishes), all of which have the left side up. The right- eyed flounders of family Pleuronectidae typically inhabit colder waters than A. lineatus. Within the Achiridae, the absence of vertical body bars should be sufficient to distinguish A. lineatus from three co-occurring species, the naked sole (Gymnachirus melas) and fringed sole (G. texae). The lined sole is sometimes confused with the hogchoker, (Trinectes maculatus) which is distinguished (at over 15 mm total length) by the latter's total lack of pectoral fin rays.
|
|
The word comes from the Old French , which in turn is thought to be a derivative of the Latin ('spinning top') a possible reference to its shape.Oxford English Dictionary, Turbot Another possible origin of the Old French word is from Old Swedish , from 'thorn' + 'stump, butt, flatfish', which may also be a reference to its shape (compare native English halibut). Early reference to the turbot can be found in a satirical poem (The Emperor's Fish) by Juvenal, a Roman poet of the late 1st and early 2nd centuries CE, suggesting this fish was a delicacy in the Roman empire. In English, turbot is pronounced .
|
|
He said some such features could have been by-products of adaptive changes to other features, and that often features seemed non-adaptive because their function was unknown, as shown by his book on Fertilisation of Orchids that explained how their elaborate structures facilitated pollination by insects. Much of the chapter responds to George Jackson Mivart's criticisms, including his claim that features such as baleen filters in whales, flatfish with both eyes on one side and the camouflage of stick insects could not have evolved through natural selection because intermediate stages would not have been adaptive. Darwin proposed scenarios for the incremental evolution of each feature.
|
|
Video observations suggest that animal densities are higher at the shallower sites compared with the deeper sites, although most species are present at all sites. A number of fish including sablefish, thornyheads, rockfish, flatfish, sharks, skates, hagfish and eelpouts have been observed throughout Barkley Canyon. The area is rich with invertebrates as well including molluscs (bivalves, octopus, snails), echinoderms (sea stars, brittle stars, sea cucumbers, and urchins) as well as arthropods (crabs and shrimp). Cnidarians are seen both on the seafloor (anemones, sea pens, and corals) as well as floating in the water column (jellyfish) along with other organisms such as salps, ctenophores, and tunicates.
|
|
As sediments thicken and compact from accretion, pore waters are expelled from the sediment, and gases — primarily biogenic methane — contribute to the formation of gas hydrates in the upper few hundred metres of the sediment. At this site, a cold vent, known as Bullseye Vent, has formed along with significant concentrations of gas hydrates.Scherwath et al, 2012 Clayoquot Slope is home to a variety of deep-sea organisms. Many demersal fish (fish which live very near the bottom) were observed (rockfish, flatfish, thorny heads, and rattails) along with echinoderms (sea cucumbers, brittle stars, sea stars), octopus, crabs, cnidarians (sea pens, corals, anemones), and bacterial mats.
|
|
For hot items, it includes oyster congee, which also adds chopped meat and dried flatfish into the congee; pan fried oyster cake, adding oyster meat into egg and fry; lemon flathead mullet, adding lemon pieces into the mullet and steam; Chinese kale and beef served with special Satai sauce, in which the Satai sauce is unique in Daa Laang. For cold items, people will order iced cockle, which the chef will boils the cockle and freeze it, then serve it with a special sauce made with garlic, sugar and vinegar; and iced crab, the chef steams the live-crab with cold water until it is boiled.
|
|
Solea aegyptiaca is a dextral flatfish with on oval body shape which is brownish grey on the eyed side, with the eyed side pectoral fin being largely coloured black. The left, uneyed, side is white. It is very similar to the common sole, with which it is sympatric, but the vertebrate count and fin ray count differ. S. aegyptiaca has 39-44 vertebrae to the common sole's 46-52, while the dorsal fin of S. aegyptiaca has 62-87 finrays to the common sole's 69-97 finrays, other finray counts are pectoral fin on eyed side with 7-9 to 9-10, anal finrays 51-72 compared to 53-79.
|
|
Archaeologists have discovered a variety of artifacts from the wet site. Items including: basketry, cords, a variety of fishing hooks, a 3,000-year-old fishnet (which is constructed from split spruce boughs), tiny stone blades (with their original cedar handles still intact), wood working tools, anchor stones with binding, various hafted microliths (such as fish knives) and micro blades, carved wood art, a variety of wooden objects, animal bone, shellfish remains, and plant remains. The abundance of flatfish, roundfish, rockfish, and over 400 wooden offshore- fishing hooks found in the wet site suggest the presence of fisheries. The water at the wet site preserved artifacts that would have been lost under normal conditions.
|
|
The starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus), also known as the grindstone, emery wheel and long-nosed flounder, is a common flatfish found around the margins of the North Pacific. The distinctive features of the starry flounder include the combination of black and white-to-orange bar on the dorsal and anal fins, as well as the skin covered with scales modified into tiny star- shaped plates or tubercles (thus both the common name and species epithet), resulting in a rough feel. The eyed side is black to dark brown, while the lower side is white or cream-colored. Although classed as "righteye flounders," individuals may have their eyes on either the right or left side.
|
|
Many evolutionary biologists agreed, and suggested that modern flatfishes anatomy arose as a result of saltation. The 2008 discovery of Heteronectes and Amphistium was considered a vindication of the viability of a gradual transition.Minard A. “Odd Fish Find Contradicts Intelligent-Design Argument”, National Geographic News 9/7/2008 Friedman suggested that Heteronectes and Amphistium did not rest completely on the sea floor like modern flatfishes. Instead, they might only held their tail to the sea floor and kept their head lifted into the water above, using one eye to watch for predators, while the other were used to look for prey in the mud below. Janvier P (2008), “Squint of the fossil flatfish”, Nature 454(7201): p.
|
|
Later that day, officers Webster and Caldwell stop a convertible for running a stop sign and spot, covered by a blanket in back seat, ship-to-shore radios and radar receivers which turn out to be stolen. The man, Eddie Grant, a known receiver of stolen goods, is booked, while the 8 mm gun that was found on him arouses Gates' curiosity. After his shift, McClain goes to eat at the Flatfish Café and listens to Vangie regret that Sid felt the need to show her the wad of money that likely caused his murder as well as her fears about the rising crime rate and asks, "Where did it all go wrong?" McClain has no answer.
|
|
Many have laterally compressed bodies (flattened from side to side) allowing them to fit into fissures and swim through narrow gaps; some use their pectoral fins for locomotion and others undulate their dorsal and anal fins. Some fish have grown dermal (skin) appendages for camouflage; the prickly leather-jacket is almost invisible among the seaweed it resembles and the tasselled scorpionfish invisibly lurks on the seabed ready to ambush prey. Some like the foureye butterflyfish have eyespots to startle or deceive, while others such as lionfish have aposematic coloration to warn that they are toxic or have venomous spines. Flatfish are demersal fish (bottom-feeding fish) that show a greater degree of asymmetry than any other vertebrates.
|
|
In contrast, the lowermost part of the river and its delta are home to many brackish water or euryhaline species, like gobies (although there are also true freshwater gobies in the Yellow River), Asian seabasses, flatfish and Takifugu pufferfish. Fishing remains an important activity, but catches have declined. In 2007, it was noted that 40% fewer fish were caught in the Yellow River compared to earlier catches. Large cyprinids (Asian carp, predatory carp, Wuchang bream and Mongolian redfin) and large catfish (Amur and Lanzhou catfish) are still present, but the largest species, the Chinese paddlefish, kaluga sturgeon and Yangtze sturgeon, have not been reported from the Yellow River basin in about 50 years.
|
|
Owing to their location along the Pacific shelf edge and the confluence of Okhotsk Sea gyre and the southward Oyashio Current, the Kuril islands are surrounded by waters that are among the most productive in the North Pacific, supporting a wide range and high abundance of marine life. Invertebrates: Extensive kelp beds surrounding almost every island provide crucial habitat for sea urchins, various mollusks and countless other invertebrates and their associated predators. Many species of squid provide a principal component of the diet of many of the smaller marine mammals and birds along the chain. Fish: Further offshore, walleye pollock, Pacific cod, several species of flatfish are of the greatest commercial importance.
|
|
In addition to the omnipresent herring, this day also features a number of activities unrelated to fish. In Scheveningen, the first barrel of herring is traditionally sold at an auction on the Thursday preceding the official Vlaggetjesdag, and the proceeds go to charity. Vlaggetjesdag was made official in 1947, although the festive tradition around the beginning of herring season is much older: in the 18th century, the villages along the coast, including Scheveningen, were forbidden to gut the caught herring. Since herring was most appropriate for smoking around September, most fishing boats caught flatfish or round-bodied fish during part of the summer, so as to avoid a surplus of fresh herring.
|
|
Traquair, Ramsay Heatley (1840–1912), Roberta L. Paton, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004, Retrieved 7 August 2011 Preparatory school education for the young Traquair was followed by schooling at the Edinburgh Institution. From 1857, he studied medicine and later fish anatomy at Edinburgh University, graduating with his medical degree after five years in August 1862. He was presented with a gold medal for his MD thesis on flatfish, on the "Asymmetry of the Pleuronectidae".TRAQUAIR, Dr. Ramsay Heatley, F.R.S. in Men and Women of the Time: A Dictionary of Contemporaries, George Washington Moon, 1891 The anatomists he studied and worked with at Edinburgh included John Goodsir and William Turner.
|
|
Salmon farming on a commercial scale was started in Britain by a company called Marine Harvest, then a subsidiary company of Unilever. Marine Harvest had invested in two sites in the 1960s, a salmon and trout farm in Lochailort, and a flatfish and crustacean research centre in Findon, just outside Aberdeen. The first fish production from Lochailort was achieved in 1971, since then the industry has expanded and salmon and trout are farmed commercially in Scotland at sites in Argyll & Bute, Highland, Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles. In 2014, fish farming in Scotland led to a turnover in the country to the tune of £1 billion, and supported over 8,800 jobs.
|
|
In past centuries, it had been used for producing marine salt and for the cultivation of shellfish, mainly Native Oysters ostrea edulis which were abundant in the area. It is part of the Crouch and Roach Estuary SSSI and it is an extensive spawning area and habitat for a large variety of fish species including Bass, Cod, Whiting and many flatfish. It is a habitat and feeding ground for a large variety of marine birds and it is also frequently visited by seals. For centuries until the 1800s and early 1900s, it was also an area known for the smuggling of contraband goods, mainly wine, brandy and even tea, hence the name "Brandy Hole".
|
|
Most is sold wholesale through the regional market in Boulogne, though there is a trend for Rye to develop as a gastronomic centre in the style of Newquay or Padstow, featuring the use of fresh local produce from the sea. The annual "Rye Bay Scallops Festival" which takes place each year in February was first proposed by the then Chair of the Chamber of Commerce, Kate Roy, as a means of promoting the "Rye Bay Catch". Excellent scallops (and flatfish such as sole, plaice and dabs) are to be had in Rye Bay because of the shallow and relatively sheltered water. Every year in September, Rye hosts its annual two- week "Arts Festival" which attracts a world-class series of performers in music, comedy, and literature.
|
|
The bank's main fisheries are: (a) demersal trawl fishery for some species of flatfish, rockfish, and sablefish; (b) midwater trawl fishery for rockfish and Pacific hake; (c) longline fishery for rockfish, sablefish, and Pacific halibut; (4) vertical longline fishery for rockfish; and (e) salmon fishery mainly during upwelling events. Some of these stocks have undergone declines in biomass during the 1980s and 1990s, which were produced by variations in the productivity of the California Current as well as high harvest levels. In particular, some rockfish species showed a higher decline in the 1990s due to life-history characteristics that make them more vulnerable to overfishing. By 2002, seven species of U.S. west coast rockfish, as well as lingcod and Pacific hake or whiting were declared officially overfished.
|
|
Well-known examples, for which the bottom salinity makes a distinct breeding border, include lobster, small crabs (Carcinus maenas), several species of flatfish and the lion's mane jellyfish; the latter can sometimes drift into the southwest Baltic Sea, but it cannot reproduce there. There are daily tides, but the lunar attraction cannot force much water to move from west to east, or vice versa, in narrow waters where the current is either northbound or southbound. So, not much of the difference in water levels in Øresund is due to daily tides, and other circumstances "hide" the little tide that still remains. The current has a much stronger effect than the tide on the water level, but strong winds may also affect the water level.
|
|
H. soleae is an ectoparasite of flatfish such as the common sole (Solea solea). Like other marine leeches, it feeds on its host's blood, but unlike most freshwater species, it does not drop off the fish after it has fed, instead remaining attached by its anterior sucker. In the juvenile leech, the remnants of each blood meal is visible through the transparent skin as a small red ball inside. In the northern part of its range, the common sole is the main host, but further south, other fish are also parasitized; these include the Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis), the wedge sole (Dicologlossa cuneata), the bastard sole (Microchirus azevia), the Klein's sole (Synapturichthys kleinii), the sand sole (Pegusa lascaris) and the Portuguese sole (Dagetichthys lusitanica).
|
|
Surface outflow drives a deep water inflow which is strongly influenced by upwelling and downwelling conditions on the nearby continental shelf. The nutrient-rich, terrestrial freshwater discharge and the nutrient-rich, cool, salty upwelled water support a diverse and abundant ecosystemPawlowicz and McClure, 2010 Folger Pinnacle, located atop a shallow reef, has dense mats of sponges, ascidians and encrusting algae. There are numerous types of sessile (bottom attached) organisms including sponges, anemones, bryozoans, tunicates, and barnacles. Since this is a rockfish conservation area, there is a wide variety of rockfish (yellowtail, China, quillback, Puget Sound, black, and blue) in addition to many other fish (kelp greenling, lingcod, flatfish, wolfeels), molluscs (giant Pacific octopus, mussels, swimming scallops, and snails), and echinoderms (seastars, sea cucumbers, and urchins).
|
|
Both adults and juveniles are found in the same habitats. Unusually for a vent fish, S. thermophilus favors environments that are rich in sulfur; they have been observed oriented vertically on solid sulfur walls, resting on beds of newly congealed sulfur adjacent to a rivulet of molten sulfur, and even on a thin crust of consolidated sulfur pebbles overlaying a molten sulfur bed with a temperature of 187 °C (though the crust is considerably cooler). While many flatfish species prefer a fine substrate to burrow in, S. thermophilus frequents coarse substrates and is sometimes found over solid surfaces. At the Kaikata Seamount, S. thermophilus was observed on coarse sand bottoms where water of 19-22 °C was percolating through the sediment.
|
|
They provide winter grounds for wading birds, as well as breeding and nursery areas for aquatic wildlife, such as bass, mullet, flatfish and herring and even some types of dolphin. The area will also help to reduce the flooding of properties near the River Crouch by providing a run-off area for floodwaters. In the process being termed "managed re-alignment", the seawall that protects croplands and property was re-established in more tenable positions, three miles behind the new wetlands, which will provide habitat for birds like oystercatchers, avocets and little terns, according to the press release issued at the time. Walkers and birdwatchers will be able to enjoy the scenery by means of a new footpath that has been built on the top of this new relocated sea wall.
|
|
Fishing boat co-owners Jim McClain and Sid Lammon are taking their final sailing trip in San Pedro Bay before selling the boat and retiring. They meet the buyer and his lawyer Wheeler at the dock and, while receiving separate checks, are observed by three fishing boat owners, Julio Salvi, Rudy Petrovic and Joe Victor who says that his boat is better, but is not for sale and Julio laughs bitterly that, "every fishin' boat in this harbor's for sale". McClain is looking forward to sleeping late, but wakes up as usual at 4 am the next morning, goes to the dock and finds Sid watching the boat sail away to more productive fishing waters in Alaska. They go to the Flatfish Café run by their old friend Vangie Cruise who complains that the neighborhood is going downhill.
|
|
This is the highest figure thus far measured from any shark, though it also reflects the concentration of force at the tooth tip. Dense aggregations of young sharks, forming in response to feeding opportunities, have been documented in the Indian Ocean. The known diet of the dusky shark encompasses pelagic fishes, including herring and anchovies, tuna and mackerel, billfish, jacks, needlefish and flyingfish, threadfins, hairtails, lancetfish, and lanternfish; demersal fishes, including mullets, porgies, grunts, and flatheads, eels, lizardfish, cusk eels, gurnards, and flatfish; reef fishes, including barracudas, goatfish, spadefish, groupers, scorpionfish, and porcupinefish; cartilaginous fishes, including dogfish, sawsharks, angel sharks, catsharks, thresher sharks, smoothhounds, smaller requiem sharks, sawfish, guitarfish, skates, stingrays, and butterfly rays; and invertebrates, including cephalopods, decapod crustaceans, barnacles, and sea stars. Very rarely, the largest dusky sharks may also consume sea turtles, marine mammals (mainly as carrion), and human refuse.
|
|
Oita pears are shipped nationwide, with large distribution quantities throughout Kyushu), and Bungo beef (the Kujū highlands are a perfect feeding ground for cattle and cattle farmers in Oita are involved in breeding and shipping cattle. Bungo beef is a well known local product.). Forest products: Dried shiitake mushrooms and Oita-style seasoned timber (Oita is one of the leading production centers for Japanese cedar, ranking second in Japan for amount of lumber reserves and number of cedars produced. Oita cedar producers use a special method for drying the wood which combines benefits of natural and artificial drying to produce cedar that has cracks and retains its natural scent and color.) Marine products: cultured flatfish, cultured yellow jack, cultured yellowtail, cultured loach, pearl, cultured kuruma prawn, natural kuruma prawn (kuruma ebi), cuttlefish, hairtail, butterfish, blue crab, conger eel, clam, and Japanese mitten crab.
|
|
Phoca vitulina (harbor seals) at Point Lobos, California Harbor seal in the freshwater Connecticut River, following the shad run Harbor seals prefer to frequent familiar resting sites. They may spend several days at sea and travel up to 50 km in search of feeding grounds, and will also swim more than a hundred miles upstream into fresh water in large rivers in search of migratory fish like shad and likely salmon. Resting sites may be both rugged, rocky coasts, such as those of the Hebrides or the shorelines of New England, or sandy beaches, like the ones that flank Normandy in Northern France or the Outer Banks of North Carolina. Harbor seals frequently congregate in harbors, bays, sandy intertidal zones, and estuaries in pursuit of prey fish such as salmon,Photographic evidence menhaden, anchovy, sea bass, herring, mackerel, cod, whiting and flatfish, and occasionally shrimp, crabs, mollusks, and squid.
|
|
The salmon is diadromous, meaning that it changes from a freshwater to a saltwater lifestyle. Many species of flatfish begin their life bilaterally symmetrical, with an eye on either side of the body; but one eye moves to join the other side of the fish – which becomes the upper side – in the adult form. The European eel has a number of metamorphoses, from the larval stage to the leptocephalus stage, then a quick metamorphosis to glass eel at the edge of the continental shelf (eight days for the Japanese eel), two months at the border of fresh and salt water where the glass eel undergoes a quick metamorphosis into elver, then a long stage of growth followed by a more gradual metamorphosis to the migrating phase. In the pre-adult freshwater stage, the eel also has phenotypic plasticity because fish-eating eels develop very wide mandibles, making the head look blunt.
|
|
ICES CM: 1970/B:10 This extremely hazardous procedure would likely not be allowed today and has been made unnecessary by the use of automatic cameras attached to fishing gears. Studies aboard Tellina in the early 1960s showed that the young stages of commercially important flatfish, particularly sole and plaice, could be found in inshore nursery grounds, but that there was no information on the size or extent of these juvenile populations. Further surveys of the inshore waters of England between 1970 and 1972 revealed the general extent of the nursery grounds for the first time, and identified areas that were particularly important for the survival and growth of young fish. These early surveys subsequently evolved into an annual Young Fish Survey (YFS), that continued uninterrupted from 1981 up until 2010, and included multiple sites all along the North Sea coast, the Thames estuary and English Channel (especially around the Solent).
|
|
Herring and haddock were also taken in the southern Barents Sea (accounting for 41.5 and 28.7 per cent by frequency of occurrence, respectively), while sandeel (Ammodytes spp.), Atlantic cod, copepods, euphausiids, pollock, and blue whiting made up the rest of the diet. In the Norwegian Sea, herring was found in all individuals sampled (n= 10), with some (20 per cent each) also feeding on a small amount of capelin and blue whiting – an earlier study, based on data primarily obtained between 1943–1945, showed that they fed exclusively on herring off Vesterålen, while the diet off Lofoten was more varied, including herring (34 per cent by occurrence), pelagic crustaceans (23%), Atlantic cod (22%), haddock (6%), and a mixture of coalfish and flatfish for one individual (1.5%). In the North Sea, they primarily fed on sandeel (62%) and Atlantic mackerel (nearly 30%), with some feeding on herring (16.2%), small amounts of Mueller's pearlside (10.8%), copepods, haddock, capelin, and whiting.
|
|