It did not estimate the value of their fossil fuel holdings.
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If not, how would he estimate the value of its contents?
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Business associations estimate the value of the notes at 10 billion rupees.
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One is to estimate the value of the time spent on the internet.
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Sources familiar with the talks estimate the value of the assets at around 1 billion euros.
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Analysts estimate the value of the bank between 213 billion and 1.5 billion euros ($1.2-$1.8 billion), according to the paper.
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We tried to estimate the value of all that lost work and came up with a rough number around $10 billion.
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I.O., called on the banks to disclose which executives are eligible for such perks and to estimate the value of their payouts.
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He did not estimate the value of the assets, or offer details on how they would be given back to the people.
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Their points and miles are not usually redeemed at a consistent rate, which makes it difficult to estimate the value of their bonuses.
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These include household "satellite accounts" that estimate the value of unpaid labour, such as volunteering and informal child care, that fall outside the scope of GDP.
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One tried to estimate the value of a statistical life by asking about what residents would be willing to pay for a hypothetical vaccine or medicine.
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Equity analysts who engage in "sum-of-the parts" (SOTP) analysis also try to estimate the value of bits of a business using similar firms as a yardstick.
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The Bureau of Economic Analysis, America's main statistical body, has used market wage rates to estimate the value of home-production activities, such as cooking, cleaning and ironing.
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"To give a complete picture of the U.K. economy and society, we publish these additional numbers to estimate the value of activity where there is no payment involved," he added.
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"If this stuff doesn't get measured, it's going to get forgotten," said Daniel Fujiwara, an economist at Simetrica, which is often commissioned to estimate the value of arts and culture.
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Powell also highlighted research by David Byrne and Carol Corrado that uses the volume of data transmitted through broadband, cable and WiFi to estimate the value of online products and services.
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As a ratio, pi has been around since Babylonian times, but it was the Greek geometer Archimedes, some 2,300 years ago, who first showed how to rigorously estimate the value of pi.
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"Based on worldwide sales over the past 15 years, we estimate the value of non-worn watches at $500 billion," online watch retailer Watchbox's vice president Patrick Hoffmann said in an August interview.
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Chief Executive Gerard Groener, who took over as head of IKEA Centers in March, declined to estimate the value of the properties but said he was confident IKEA would not lose money on the divestments.
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Websites themselves need to be more transparent about the true cost of their online content, finding ways to empower consumers to better estimate the value of the content they are consuming versus the price they're paying for it.
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It said that while it was difficult to estimate the value of the trade to Islamic State, revenue from mining in Nangarhar could amount "anywhere from the high tens of thousands to the low millions of dollars a year".
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Old sections of deck and concrete structures will end up in Perth Amboy, N.J. Officials said they could not estimate the value of all that salvage, but that any profits belong to Tappan Zee Constructors, which essentially took over ownership of the old bridge.
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Common advantage-play techniques include "hole carding," in which sharp-eyed players profit from careless dealers who unwittingly reveal tiny portions of the cards; "shuffle tracking," or memorizing strings of cards in order to predict when specific cards will be dealt after they are next shuffled; and counting systems that monitor already dealt cards in order to estimate the value of those that remain in the deck.
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He stated: Later, the economist Robert Eisner tried to estimate the value of "non-market outputs".
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Insurance companies and health and benefits consultants typically use mathematical models analyzing historical claims data to project expected stop loss premiums into the future to control for stop loss coverage costs and estimate the value of coverage PEPM (per employee per month) or PEPY.
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He posted five 20-homer seasons and four 90-RBI seasons. Holliday produced a cumulative WAR of 24.1 in those eight years. According to Fangraphs, which created a tool to convert WAR to dollars in order to estimate the value of a player, Holliday has been worth $168.6 million since 2010.
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35%) to estimate the value of a statistical life. They find that approximately 125,000 hours were saved per lost life, suggesting (if hours saved are valued at the average hourly wage) an upper bound of $1.54 million (in 1997 U.S. dollars) as a value of a statistical life.Ashenfelter, O., Greenstone, M. (2004).
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The economic value of a good or service has puzzled economists since the beginning of the discipline. First, economists tried to estimate the value of a good to an individual alone, and extend that definition to goods which can be exchanged. From this analysis came the concepts value in use and value in exchange. Value is linked to price through the mechanism of exchange.
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Apart from the representation of triangular matrices, triangular arrays are used in several algorithms. One example is the CYK algorithm for parsing context-free grammars, an example of dynamic programming.. Romberg's method can be used to estimate the value of a definite integral by completing the values in a triangle of numbers.. The Boustrophedon transform uses a triangular array to transform one integer sequence into another..
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Attempts have been made to estimate the value of the stock of fixed capital for the whole economy using direct enterprise surveys of "book value", administrative business records, tax assessments, and data on gross fixed capital formation, price inflation and depreciation schedules. A pioneer in this area was the economist Simon Kuznets. Simon Kuznets, Gross capital formation, 1919-1933. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1934.
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Semi-Lagrangian schemes use a regular (Eulerian) grid, just like finite difference methods. The idea is this: at every time step the point where a parcel originated from is calculated. An interpolation scheme is then utilized to estimate the value of the dependent variable at the grid points surrounding the point where the particle originated from. The references listed contain more details on how the Semi- Lagrangian scheme is applied.
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When the market for toxic assets ceases to function, it is described as "frozen". Markets for some toxic assets froze in 2007, and the problem grew much worse in the second half of 2008. Several factors contributed to the freezing of toxic asset markets. The value of the assets were very sensitive to economic conditions, and increased uncertainty in these conditions made it difficult to estimate the value of the assets.
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The shows are recorded at UK venues to which members of the public are invited to bring their antiques and collectables. Independent valuers estimate the value of these items. The items are then passed to the dealers, who make their own valuation and try to purchase them by placing a cash offer on the table. David Dickinson may step in and give some advice and this valuers' estimations are revealed to the owner, the television audience and the dealer.
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Depending on the procedures used to estimate the value of the project under each scenario (and on the techniques used to estimate the probabilities of the scenarios), ECV can be a useful way to address project uncertainties. However, as indicated below, the technique often involves explanations that may or may not be appropriate. Typically, ECV represents a simplified version of ENPV often necessary for projects that produce new products. The project is broken down into stages which are represented in a decision tree.
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However, this midpoint tangent could not be accurately calculated because we do not know the curve (that is what is to be calculated). Instead, this tangent is estimated by using the original Euler's method to estimate the value of y(t) at the midpoint, then computing the slope of the tangent with f(). Finally, the improved tangent is used to calculate the value of y_{n+1} from y_n. This last step is represented by the red chord in the diagram.
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After parting ways with Whitman, Jim Charlton resumed publication of the catalogue for the 1971 (the 19th edition). By the early 1970s, the condition of coins became an important factor of consideration for collectors. Grades for coins allowed collectors to more accurately estimate the value of their coins. Thus, with input from dealers who precipitated the change, the coin catalogue was not only modified to incorporate the value association with a coin's condition, but also incorporated more Canadian and Newfoundland bank paper issues.
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The south wall holds the work entitled The Triumph of Music while the north wall contains The Sources of Music. In 2009, the Met's board of directors decided to use the paintings as collateral for a long-term loan which previously relied on cash for backing. Some sources estimate the value of the paintings at $20 million. Auditorium chandeliers The multi-story lobby is dominated by a concrete and terrazzo cantilevered stairway that connects the main level with the lower level lounges and upper floors.
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In the mathematical field of numerical analysis, interpolation is a type of estimation, a method of constructing new data points within the range of a discrete set of known data points. In engineering and science, one often has a number of data points, obtained by sampling or experimentation, which represent the values of a function for a limited number of values of the independent variable. It is often required to interpolate, i.e., estimate the value of that function for an intermediate value of the independent variable.
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Beginning in 1846, German physicist William Weber theorized that electricity was composed of positively and negatively charged fluids, and their interaction was governed by the inverse square law. After studying the phenomenon of electrolysis in 1874, Irish physicist George Johnstone Stoney suggested that there existed a "single definite quantity of electricity", the charge of a monovalent ion. He was able to estimate the value of this elementary charge e by means of Faraday's laws of electrolysis. However, Stoney believed these charges were permanently attached to atoms and could not be removed.
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Sarti, G (2000.) Early and Mannerist Paintings in Italy (1370-1570). Paris, France: G Sarti Antiques Ltd. His opinion was highly valued in the art community, as he was frequently called upon to estimate the value of other artists’ works. He was known to have an extremely even emotional temperament, and in one instance is described as being “phlegmatic”. His death occurred between 1503 and October 8, 1505, since a document of that date describes his son, a canon of San Lorenzo, as Ser Camillus quondam Bartholomei Caporalis, or “of the late Bartolomeo Caporali”.
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In economics and financial theory, analysts use random walk techniques to model behavior of asset prices, in particular share prices on stock markets, currency exchange rates and commodity prices. This practice has its basis in the presumption that investors act rationally and without biases, and that at any moment they estimate the value of an asset based on future expectations. Under these conditions, all existing information affects the price, which changes only when new information comes out. By definition, new information appears randomly and influences the asset price randomly.
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Given the diversity of social, economic, and environmental benefits that derive from the Shadegan International Wetland, strong opinion exists that people, especially those living around the wetland,are dependent on wetland and gain long-term benefit from this ecosystem. Therefore, one major role of wetland management which is to estimate the value of various aspects of a wetland should not ignored.Kaffashi, S., Shamsudin, M. N., Radam, A., Yacob, M. R., Rahim, K. A., & Yazid, M. (2012). Economic valuation and conservation: Do people vote for better preservation of Shadegan International Wetland?.
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This can enable the use of filtering in real-time systems. Another usage of Schmidt–Kalman is when residual biases are unobservable; that is, the effect of the bias cannot be separated out from the measurement. In this case, Schmidt–Kalman is a robust way to not try and estimate the value of the bias, but only keep track of the effect of the bias on the true error distribution. For use in non-linear systems, the observation and state transition models may be linearized around the current mean and covariance estimate in a method analogous to the extended Kalman filter.
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The blunt-toothed giant hutia (Amblyrhiza inundata) is an extinct species of giant hutia from Anguilla and Saint Martin that is estimated to have weighed between 50 and 200 kg (110 and 440 lb). It was discovered by Edward Drinker Cope in 1868 in a sample of phosphate sediments mined in an unknown cave (possibly Cavannagh Cave) in Anguilla and sent to Philadelphia to estimate the value of the sediments. It is the sole species of the genus Amblyrhiza in the fossil family Heptaxodontidae. Some authors have suggested that its extinction may have resulted from overhunting by pre-Columbian humans.
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In practice, the most common SCA method used by estate agents and real estate appraisers is the sales adjustment grid. It uses a small number of recently sold properties in the immediate vicinity of the subject property to estimate the value of its attributes. Adjustments to the comparables may be determined by trend analysis, matched-pairs analysis, or simple surveys of the market. More advanced researchers and appraisers commonly employ statistical techniques based on multiple regression methods which generally compare a larger number of more geographically dispersed property transactions to determine the significance and magnitude of the impact of different attributes on property value.
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But in larger basis sets this is usually just a limiting case which is not often attained. This is because exact solution of the full CI determinant is NP- complete, so the existence of a polynomial time algorithm is unlikely. The Davidson correction is a simple correction which allows one to estimate the value of the full CI energy from a limited configuration interaction expansion result. Because the number of determinants required in the full CI expansion grows factorially with the number of electrons and orbitals, full CI is only possible for atoms or very small molecules with about a dozen or fewer electrons.
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These methods can be differentiated by whether they measure consumers' hypothetical or actual willingness to pay/accept, and whether they measure consumer willingness to pay/accept directly or indirectly. Choice modelling techniques may be used to estimate the value of the WTP or WTA through a choice experiment. Unlike WTP, WTA is not constrained by an individual's wealth. For example, the willingness to pay to stop the ending of one's own life can only be as high as one's wealth, while the willingness to accept compensation to accept the loss of one's life would be an extremely high number (or maybe infinite, meaning that there would be no finite acceptable payment amount).
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A system of measure for timber in the round (standing or felled), now largely superseded by the metric system except in measuring hardwoods in certain countries. Its purpose is to estimate the value of sawn timber in a log, by measuring the unsawn log and allowing for wastage in the mill. Following the so-called "quarter-girth formula" (the square of one quarter of the circumference in inches multiplied by of the length in feet), the notional log is four feet in circumference, one inch of which yields the hoppus board foot, 1 foot yields the hoppus foot, and 50 feet yields a hoppus ton. This translates to a hoppus foot being equal to .
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Comparables may also be used when performing a "Comp Check", which slang for a simple analysis, usually performed by a real estate agent or broker, to estimate a potential range of selling prices or values. It is important to note that an actual real estate appraisal is usually performed in accordance with a set of standards, most commonly in the U.S. the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice, or USPAP for short. There also are tools that can help home buyers or sellers estimate the value of their real estate property, but for a complete and comprehensive analysis of their property, potential clients should always rely on a licensed or certified appraiser's analysis.
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CCP would rather not place this restriction on in-game behavior, due both to the difficulty of regulatory enforcement and the desire to allow players to create illegitimate in-game banks or Ponzi schemes if they wish to do so. Commentators have attempted to estimate the value of Eve Online entities in real-world currency based on the current value of PLEX. One such conversion valued a fleet-ready titan (the most powerful ship in the game) at US$7,600, though estimates vary. Generally, no player expends such amounts of real-world currency to acquire such sums of in-game wealth, opting instead to do activities in-game that net high amounts of profit.
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Their attributions are different among states and can include water resources management, irrigation and the provision of water supply and sanitation services. The recently created Basin Authorities (BAs) will develop from the 13 existing Regional Offices of CONAGUA and are expected to be responsible for formulating regional policy, designing programs to implement such policies, conducting studies to estimate the value of the financial resources generated within their boundaries (water user fees and service fees), recommending specific rates for water user fees and collecting them. Basin Councils (BCs) are expected to guide, together with CONAGUA, BAs work. There are a total of 25 BCs that have been established with the same basin boundaries as the BAs.
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Business brokers, also called business transfer agents, or intermediaries, assist buyers and sellers of privately held businesses in the buying and selling process. They typically estimate the value of the business; advertise it for sale with or without disclosing its identity; handle the initial potential buyer interviews, discussions, and negotiations with prospective buyers; facilitate the progress of the due diligence investigation and generally assist with the business sale. Agency relationships in business ownership transactions involve the representation by a business broker (on behalf of a brokerage company) of the selling principal, whether that person is a buyer or a seller. The principal broker (and his/her agents) then become the agent/s of the principal, who is the broker's client.
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Glover (2009) used a CPF model to determine if late nineteenth century silver miners near Gothic, Colorado were choosing mine locations efficiently given the costs of transporting silver ore to the mill, the value of silver, and the amount of silver per kilogram of ore. Estimates of the costs associated with transport were obtained using research from physiology to determine the most energetically efficient load size. Newspaper articles were used to determine the hourly wage that a miner could be making if they worked in town instead. Newspapers were also used to estimate the value of silver at that time, and estimates of the amount of silver per kilogram of ore were obtained through records from area silver mills, as well as through newspapers.
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A method often used in econometrics to estimate the value of the physical capital stock of an industrial sector or the whole economy is the so-called Perpetual Inventory Method (PIM). Starting off from a benchmark stock value for capital held, and expressing all values in constant dollars using a price index, known additions to the stock are added, and known disposals as well as depreciation are subtracted year by year (or quarter by quarter). Thus, an historical data series is obtained for the growth of the capital stock over a period of time. In so doing, assumptions are made about the real rate of price inflation, realistic depreciation rates, average service lives of physical capital assets, and so on.
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Constrictivity must be distinguished from the effects of Knudsen diffusion. Knudsen diffusion occurs when the particle interacts with the pore walls more than it does with other particles due to the large free path and narrow pores. Constrictivity, on the other hand, depends on the influence of the pore walls on the fluid filling the pores. There are a number of empirical formulas used to estimate the value of constrictivity.Beck, RE, Schultz, JS (1970): Hindered Diffusion in Microporous Membranes with known pore geometry. Science, 170: 1302-1305Satterfield, CN, Colton, CK (1973): Restricted diffusion in liquids within fine pores. AIChE J., 19: 628Chantong, A., Massoth, FE (1983): Restrictive diffusion in aluminas. AIChE J., 29 (5): 725-731 For simple pore geometries, constrictivity can be inferred from the geometry of the porous media.
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Created for the ship's conversion from attack transport USS Queens to cargo liner Excambion, it was serendipitously discovered beneath wallpaper above the bar in the ship's aft lounge. Saul Steinberg, a cartoonist and illustrator, well known for his many "New Yorker" magazine cover drawings, created the large murals for Texas Clipper and the other "4 Aces" ships. Texas Clipper was the subject of a Texas Parks and Wildlife Department video that provided an account of the mural's discovery prior to sinking the ship as an artificial reef off Brownsville, Texas. When asked to estimate the value of unusually large (22 ft.) mural, — according to Dale Shively, Artificial Reef Coordinator for Texas Parks and Wildlife — the Steinberg Foundation responded, "not millions of dollars, but it's probably at least six figures".
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For example, if one makes the parametric assumption that the underlying distribution is a normal distribution, and has a sample set {X1, ..., Xn}, then confidence intervals and credible intervals may be used to estimate the population mean μ and population standard deviation σ of the underlying population, while prediction intervals may be used to estimate the value of the next sample variable, Xn+1. Alternatively, in Bayesian terms, a prediction interval can be described as a credible interval for the variable itself, rather than for a parameter of the distribution thereof. The concept of prediction intervals need not be restricted to inference about a single future sample value but can be extended to more complicated cases. For example, in the context of river flooding where analyses are often based on annual values of the largest flow within the year, there may be interest in making inferences about the largest flood likely to be experienced within the next 50 years.
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In Ramsey theory, parameter words and combinatorial cubes may be used to formulate the Graham–Rothschild theorem, according to which, for every finite alphabet and group action, and every combination of integer values m, k, and r, there exists a sufficiently large number n such that if each combinatorial cube over strings of length n is assigned one of r colors, then there exists a combinatorial cube all of whose subcubes have the same color. This result is a key foundation for structural Ramsey theory, and is used to define Graham's number, an enormous number used to estimate the value of n for a certain combination of values. In computer science, in the problem of searching for duplicate code, the source code for a given routine or module may be transformed into a parameter word by converting it into a sequence of tokens, and for each variable or subroutine name, replacing each copy of the same name with the same wildcard character. If code is duplicated, the resulting parameter words will remain equal even if some of the variables or subroutines have been renamed.
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