And while Modi has insisted that his message of taking pride in cleanliness (and hence shame in open defecation) had been successful, villagers reported no stigma associated with open defecation.
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And people with defecation disorders, such as difficulty coordinating the pelvic floor muscles, can turn to pelvic floor training and biofeedback therapy where patients gain greater control of the defecation process.
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The Indian government also classifies Karnataka as "open defecation free".
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Nobody seriously believes open defecation has ended altogether in India.
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Public urination, and even defecation, were common in that alleyway.
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The resulting outdoor defecation feeds roaches for rats to eat.
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" The biggest change he observed was in his "power of defecation.
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In the future, there will be no eating, drinking, or defecation.
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In 2014 the government pledged to end open defecation by 2019.
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The increase in homelessness and public defecation has created other problems.
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It's purpose is defecation, but there's a remarkable universality to it.
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Our defecation data helped us design an adult diaper for astronauts.
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"The smaller the ctenophore, the more frequent the defecation," he said.
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" Impeachment, said one 240-year-old Republican, amounted to "bovine defecation.
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One was public defecation, a major cause of disease throughout India.
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He was arrested and charged with lewdness and public defecation shortly after.
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Plus, open defecation leads to more widespread health concerns, such as diarrhea.
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"Emergency defecation situation," were the words that brought this woman to tears.
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They say the woman could be arrested for indecent exposure and public defecation.
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Lowe was arrested and charged with public urination or defecation, the spokesperson says.
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The speed of defecation for humans is in between: two centimeters per second.
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Another set of data from the government's slum development agency, Delhi Urban Shelter Improvement Board (DUSIB), which has been entrusted with the task of making the city open defecation free, reported recently that there are 259 open defecation spots in Delhi.
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Other symptoms can include pain during or after sex and during urination or defecation.
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And the caste system plays no small role when it comes to open defecation.
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Pollution affected rich and poor alike; it was "democracy of defecation," White dryly notes.
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Injections of the drug Atropine will slow salivation, vomiting, defecation and the involuntary glandular activities.
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I poop on it There is a suspicious amount of defecation involved in Catalan holiday celebrations.
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These might include suffocating, foaming at the mouth, constricted pupils, convulsions and involuntary urination or defecation.
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Mr Modi's personal pledge to eliminate "open defecation" spurred the building of an impressive 92m toilets.
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Instead of just highlighting the hazards of open defecation, it extolled the virtues of clean sanitation.
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She tweeted the photo -- stirring up the defecation debate as well as a storm of criticism.
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India has declared itself "open-defecation free" (ODF)—bang on schedule, on October 2nd this year.
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Many more said they believed using a toilet was more unhealthy and dangerous than open defecation.
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Fat White Family, the punk outfit renowned for heroin use and onstage defecation, also practiced there.
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Thomas Tramaglini pleaded guilty to public defecation, a rep for the Holmdel Municipal Court confirmed to PEOPLE.
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The main aim is to eliminate open defecation by October 2019 by building individual and public toilets.
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Bangladesh's government and charities have built latrines, too, but they have worked harder to stigmatise open defecation.
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According to U.N. data, some 5 million people in Ghana still lack toilets and practice open defecation.
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In addition to being a boon to scientists, defecation events are a productive fertilizer for ocean life.
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But experts say the statistics are "misleading" -- and that open defecation has not been eliminated in the country.
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Ironically, India has successfully reduced its open defecation by a little over 30% in less than three years.
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India could learn from neighbouring Bangladesh, which reduced open defecation from 34% to 1% between 1990 and 2015.
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Open defecation means an increased likelihood of diarrheal disease, which can be particularly dangerous — even deadly — to children.
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The Modi government runs a website bestowing on top-performing villages a special "ODF" (Open Defecation Free) status.
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The campaign, supported by big companies and Bollywood actors, has raised awareness of the ills of open defecation.
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"Toilet: A Love Story," for example, is about Mr. Modi's mission to make India free from open defecation.
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There is no plumbing, and some families still practice open defecation, lacking the resources to dig a latrine.
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Open defecation is a major public health hazard, especially for children who risk catching potentially deadly diseases like diarrhea.
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Studies link open defecation to public health issues, as it increases the spread of parasites due to water contamination.
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Pednekar spoke to Reuters about the film and how it opened her eyes to the issue of open defecation.
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Q: Do you think talking about toilets and open defecation in mainstream Hindi cinema helps in tackling the problem?
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India shows that, for all the consensus about the benefits of ending open defecation, it is hard to achieve.
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Last fall, while campaigning for elections which begin this week on April 11, Modi declared victory over open defecation.
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But defecation does not invalidate consumption: If relationships were all about the finale, they would be called relationshits, after all.
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Narendra Modi, the prime minister, promised with admirable frankness when he took over to rid the country of open defecation.
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They wonder if mothers stop breastfeeding too soon or if people are contracting - and passing on - diseases from open defecation.
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Scientists at work: studying indoor microbial ecology means sampling in public restrooms During defecation, feces moves like a solid plug.
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Look at that adorable defecation: The bad news is that these were created for a project and aren't for sale.
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In many studies into normal, "healthy" defecation, normal pooping ranges from three times per day to three times per week.
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Where open defecation is practised, more children die—according to one estimate, it kills 2000m children under five every year.
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Millions of Indians do not have access to sanitation and open defecation is a problem, even in developed, industrial states.
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Delta noted an 84 percent increase in reported incidents involving service and support animals since 2016, including urination, defecation, and biting.
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"It seems very unlikely that a lot of health benefits would be achieved by being partially open defecation free," he said.
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"We work in rural areas because those are the areas where the problem of open defecation is most pronounced," says Jain.
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Some dogs also urinate after defecation, with urine containing a source of wealthy information about the status of the individual, e.g.
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The burden is greater with the Clean India Mission, which aims to end open defecation in rural areas by installing toilets.
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According to the airline, incidents involving service and support animals -- included urination, defecation, and biting -- increased 84% from 2016 to 2017.
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HOLMDEL, N.J. – A school superintendent charged with public defecation in New Jersey didn&apost offer an explanation during a brief court hearing.
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A particular gripe is about visitors who hire camper vans without loos, leading to lots of what Indians would call "open defecation".
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If released into freshwater -- through defecation in the water -- they hatch and become ready to infect any freshwater snails in their path.
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Roughly 70 percent of Indian households don't have access to toilets, which results in a nationwide culture of open defecation and urination.
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But trying to stem these problems was not our main motivation for trying to figure out some of the physics of defecation.
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Actor Sean Penn says "the defecation on America that is the Republican debate" is making him miss former President George W. Bush.
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Delta Airlines reported that incidents involving animals, including urination, defecation and biting, increased by 84 percent in 2018 compared to previous years.
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As well as being a major health, hygiene and environmental concern, open defecation also leaves women and girls at risk of sexual assault.
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Mr Modi's strong personal backing for social programmes has ensured impressive progress for many, such as a national campaign to eradicate "open defecation".
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Fortunately, scientists at Oregon State University's Marine Mammal Institute (OSUMMI) have pioneered new ways of documenting these incredible defecation events with aerial drones.
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We're also becoming more open to discussing defecation and fecal matter in a medical sense, even if it's usually in somewhat coded terms.
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Modi launched the Swachh Bharat, or Clean India, mission in 2014, and has promised to make India "open defecation free" (ODF) by Oct.
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In 2014, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the "Swachh Bharat", or "Clean India", campaign and vowed to eliminate open defecation nationwide in five years.
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In the parts of the world in which the organization operates, an average of eight communities every day become certified as open-defecation free.
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"Airport staff have noticed an increased rate of urination and defecation in the rear of SFO Taxi Lot #3 and nearby stairwells," he writes.
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In 2014 India led the world in "open defecation", with an estimated 1103m of the 1bn people in the world reliant on the practice.
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A big part of this has been a widespread crackdown on open defecation, popularized by NGOs and the World Health Organization over the years.
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In 2014, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the "Swachh Bharat," or "Clean India" campaign and vowed to eliminate open defecation nationwide in five years.
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We'd imagine this would be the strongest deterrent of all — to get a citation is one thing, but to have your defecation caught on camera?
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Thomas Tramaglini appeared in court for the first time Tuesday after he was charged in April with public urination/defecation, littering and lewdness, NJ.com reported .
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Kumar's last film was "Toilet - Ek Prem Katha", which focused on the issue of open defecation, which is still prevalent in large parts of India.
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The country has almost eradicated open defecation through community-led sanitation programmes and by investing heavily in shared latrines, particularly in its fast-growing slums.
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Modi has prioritized sanitation since sweeping to power in 2014 and aims to provide toilets for all and end open defecation in the country by 2019.
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Open defecation also exposes women and girls to the danger of physical attacks and rape, and they often have to wait until dark to relieve themselves.
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It peddled such vibrant motifs as defecation, urination, childbirth, death, toilet-ghosts, necromancy and then some—all in the after-school slot on Australia's national broadcaster.
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Together, this meant that defecation duration is constant across many animal species -- around 12 seconds (plus or minus 7 seconds) -- even though the volume varies greatly.
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For decades, cesspit tankers emptied their cargoes of sewage here, collected from across the Accra metropolitan area, while residents traditionally used the site for open defecation.
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A lack of resources, infrastructure, and education often means that practices like open defecation or poor hand-washing further threaten a community's already precarious water supply.
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Not the stuff Bollywood dreams are usually made of, but it's a fertile topic for Indians who are vividly aware of the problem of open defecation.
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Together, this meant that defecation duration is constant across many animal species – around 12 seconds (plus or minus 7 seconds) – even though the volume varies greatly.
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Berry is the subject of multiple urban legends, several of which might actually be true and which often seem to involve cheapness, violence and sexual defecation.
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The breakthrough came when, imagining defecation under a tree, Vik abandoned his goal of antiseptic incubation and began using nonsterile tap water in the petri dish.
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Open defecation is particularly dangerous for women and girls who are vulnerable to rape when they walk away from their houses to relieve themselves in private.
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The government's Clean India Mission, launched in 2014 to improve infrastructure and eliminate open defecation, claims that 100% of Indian households now have access to toilets.
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According to the mission's website, more than 90 million toilets have been built in households since October 2014 and there are now 560,000 open defecation-free villages.
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Ultimately, Khalid said, open defecation "is a behavioral issue, not about access" -- and focus should move to finding out whether Modi's campaign has produced real health impacts.
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But the burden of disease that stemmed from rural practices of open defecation was a much more serious problem for the communities in the country, Jain said.
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Additionally the article praises Bangladesh's approach to sanitation and talks about how the country reduced its open defecation rates by a little over 30% in 25 years.
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A unified theory of pooping Putting the length of feces together with the properties of mucus, we now have a cohesive physics story for how defecation happens.
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Fiona Apple once compared her artistic process to defecation, not as a self-diss but to say that when art needs to come out, it'll come out.
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One of the largest relief and development organizations in the world, World Vision aims to combat water shortages and health-compromising sanitation practices such as open defecation.
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In addition to access, critics are also calling for better education on sanitary toilet practices as the country continues to struggle with open defecation and water contamination.
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A unified theory of pooping Putting the length of feces together with the properties of mucus, we now have a cohesive physics story for how defecation happens.
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Here are their detailed responses: The human body is complex, which helps to explain why so many "normal" functions differ between people, including sleep, urination, and defecation.
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A cost-benefit analysis by the Copenhagen Consensus Centre, a think-tank, calculated that every dollar spent on ending open defecation produces six dollars-worth of benefits.
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"Public urination, public defecation, prostitution, sexual assault, robberies, noise, you name it, we're hearing about it," said Staff Superintendent Mario Di Tommaso of the Toronto Police Service.
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A group of innocent children were observing a huge bear at a zoo in Grand Rapids, Michigan when the bear decided to show off its impressive defecation skills.
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The causes include diarrhea spread by dirty hands and open defecation; a failure to breast-feed; and foods deficient in iron, vitamin A, folic acid and other micronutrients.
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Even as the country grows and flourishes, erects gleaming sky-scrapers, and churns out highly trained engineers, the government cannot get its citizens to give up open defecation.
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The government in Uttar Pradesh, a state in north India, is reportedly cutting off power lines for villages that have not yet been declared free of open defecation.
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When triggered, the shock is comparable to that of a Taser; it is usually enough to knock a person to the ground, sometimes prompting involuntary defecation or urination.
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Moreover, the panel's reasoning will soon prevent local governments from enforcing a host of other public health and safety laws, such as those prohibiting public defecation and urination.
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Between 2016 and 2017, Delta Air Lines reported an 84% increase in animal incidents, most of which involved urination, defecation or aggressive or threatening behaviour by a support animal.
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In 2014, Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched a "Clean India Mission" to improve sanitation in the fast-growing economy and increase funding for public toilets to end open defecation.
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The state, along with most others in India, is classified "open defecation-free", while a World Bank-supported nationwide survey says only 0.3% of Haryana's rural population defecates outside.
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As elsewhere in India, industrial pollution, untreated sewage and the still widespread practice of open defecation make this stretch of the Yamuna a toxic soup teeming with bacterial infection.
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Some of the top experts in the field of incontinence—that is, lack of voluntary control over urination or defecation—struggle to define what's known as overactive bladder (OAB).
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The frequency of defecation is governed by many factors including diet, the intrinsic motor activity of the gut, the rectal capacity, behavioral factors, as well as the gut microbiome.
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His policies have included construction of toilets to combat open defecation; loans for small and micro-businesses; a national health care plan; gas connections at subsidized rates and more.
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The Clean India campaign claimed that from 2014 to 2018, the states of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar were fully or almost fully free from open defecation.
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The state, along with most others in India is classified "open defecation-free", while a World Bank-supported nationwide survey says only 1503% of Haryana's rural population defecates outside.
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Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra's "Mere Pyare Prime Minister" (My Dear Prime Minister) is another one in a long line of Hindi films with the urge to highlight India's open defecation problem.
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He was repelled by the slums, the open defecation (picking his fastidious way through butts and twists of human excrement), and by the failure of Indian civilisation to defend itself.
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So much are Dalits associated with tidying up other peoples' mess that anthropologists have identified caste attitudes as the main reason for rural India's uniquely high rate of open defecation.
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Some 900 million people still practise open defecation, risking disease, and causing tens of thousands of diarrhoea-related deaths and cases of chronic malnutrition each year, according to the group.
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The U.N. warned last year that the world is not on track to end open defecation and ensure access to safe toilets for all by 2030, as pledged by countries.
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The natural consequence of this is a continuing habit of open defecation—where individuals never have to confront the task of removing the excrement and hence becoming tainted or impure.
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The resulting paper is 27 pages, contains some creative analogies ("Like a tugboat pushing a barge, rectal pressure pushes feces through the large intestine"), and a mathematical model of defecation.
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"Most of the patients with severe constipation have to take medicine constantly for defecation," said study co-author Dr. Jia Liu of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences in Beijing.
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After defecation, the crewmember was required to seal the bag and knead it in order to mix a liquid bactericide with the contents to provide the desired degree of feces stabilization.
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Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi was honored with a 277 Goalkeepers award from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Tuesday evening for his bullish program to end open defecation across India.
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Last year, however, a study conducted in Dharmapuri, a district in the state of Tamil Nadu that ranks the highest in the state for open defecation, offered a more pessimistic assessment.
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Where there has been decline in rates of open defecation, according to a survey released in January, the reduced percentages are often due to coercive tactics such as fines and threats.
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Lui, Rameau, is the louder voice in the dialogue, speaking up unapologetically for the view that there is nothing in life worth pursuing except immediate physical gratification: food, sex, even defecation.
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That is especially worrying in light of evidence that patients shed the virus through feces, raising the possibility of transmission in communal toilets and places where there is still open defecation.
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According to the World Toilet Organization, 69% of Cambodians living in rural parts of the country still have to practice open defecation, because they don't have access to basic sanitation or toilets.
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Delta says it has seen an 84 percent increase in reported animal incidents since 2016 — including urination and defecation — with passengers attempting to fly with comfort turkeys, spiders, snakes, and gliding possums.
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More than 500,000 residents practice open defecation, and more than one million people discharge wastewater directly into the river, resulting in deteriorated groundwater quality and putting residents at risk to waterborne diseases.
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The zoo's variety of animals provided us with a range of fecal sizes and shapes that served as independent pieces of evidence to validate our mathematical model of the duration of defecation.
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The event was marked with a speech from India's prime minister, Narendra Modi, who, on taking office in 20143, launched a campaign, known as swachh Bharat (clean India) to end open defecation.
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"After defecation, the crewmember was required to seal the bag and knead it in order to mix a liquid bactericide with the contents to provide the desired degree of feces stabilization," NASA said.
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Next door in Bangladesh, which has less than half of India's per capita income, the problem of open defecation has been successfully tackled, reduced from an estimated 42 percent to only 1 percent.
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Google has teamed up with the Indian government to develop a toilet locator app that enables users to find public washrooms in order to combat the nationwide problem of open defecation and urination.
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Akramul Islam, director of water, sanitation and hygiene at the Bangladeshi charity BRAC, said the country's once-high levels of open defecation - using open ground rather than toilets - were now below one percent.
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The specific goal of reporting low open-defecation levels was communicated clearly by government representatives to Kantar Public — the company contracted to conduct the survey — and by Kantar to the surveyors, the two said.
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Mumbai, India (CNN)A movie that tackles the subject of open defecation may not sound like romantic entertainment, but audiences across India think the current Bollywood hit "Toilet: A Love Story" delivers just that.
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In December an investigation by the Indian Express revealed that in Dhamtari, a village in the state of Chhattisgarh declared to be "open defecation free", a third of the households still had no toilet.
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Into this den of defecation enter most of the cast members: Matt Lewis, Chip Persons, Ian Anderson and Mr. Panitch (who directed and wrote the book and lyrics; R. Johnson Hall composed the music).
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As opposed to the familiar "thar she blows!" call associated with whale-tracking, the crew yells "POOP!" when a defecation event is observed, and rushes to scoop up the samples before the plume dissipates.
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But attitudes towards defecation in India are a significant challenge in eliminating the practice, and many in rural areas consider defecating in an open space to be cleaner than having a toilet inside the home.
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Beyond Y Combinator's training, SHRI can look forward to getting some cash from the incredibly deep pockets of the Indian government, which has committed $30 billion to end the problem of open defecation in India.
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The first involves a nationwide campaign, known as swachh bharat (clean India) to end open defecation, in which India in 2014 led the world, with 600m open defecators out of a global total of 2.753bn.
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In the early 90s, alongside his then-wife Joelma Brito (who went by Letícia Miller), Fiorito created Dragon Films, a production company that specialized in podophilia (foot fetish), female domination, and coprophilia (defecation fetish) films.
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The Modi administration has also done a better job than previous governments in pushing big anti-poverty initiatives, such as building 100 million toilets to help stop open defecation and the spread of deadly disease.
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Products like the Squatty Potty (which are known scientifically as "defecation postural modification devices," or DPMDs) have in recent years gained a cult following for purportedly helping people relieve themselves in the most natural position: squatting.
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And last week, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi finally declared India free of open defecation, when people relieve themselves in fields, bushes, forests, bodies of water, or any other open spaces, rather than use a toilet.
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A NARSS surveyor in western Rajasthan state said surveyors would mark a village as ODF - for open defecation-free - even if they spotted faeces on the ground or people defecating outside — a violation of government guidelines.
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The Indian government, which is in the midst of a fierce campaign against open defecation, disputes that, and claims to have cut the number of rural people relieving themselves outside from 550m to 250m since 2014.
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It's only fitting, then, that their "defecation events," the jaw-dropping moments when these ocean giants let loose their bowels in massive plumes, are a real frontrunner for the most magnificent poops in the animal kingdom.
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A 2006 paper published in the journal Nutrition suggested that supplementation with just 4.5 grams of Konjac glucomannan a day "promoted the defecation frequency in healthy adults," and it also increased the bulk of each stool.
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As many as 75 percent of rural Indians now have access to toilets, for instance, up from 38 percent in 2014, when a push to end open defecation was launched, according to a national sanitation survey.
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In statements carried by the Russian news media, Ms. Zakharova also denied The Post's earlier description of harassment, including the killing of a dog and the defecation on a carpet, calling the publication of these accounts "propaganda."
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Seven surveyors who collected NARSS data and had a direct view of the sanitation situation in their respective regions, gave Reuters state-wide estimates of open defecation that were sharply higher than the findings in the survey.
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"If we see some open defecation in stray cases away from the main center of a village, we cannot mark the village as non-ODF," he said, adding trainers from the ministry told surveyors to follow such practices.
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To avoid using the toilet, Rohingya women suffer abdominal pain and infections that can lead to kidney damage; or resort to defecation by their tents, which increases the risk of major disease outbreaks — especially during the heavy rains.
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Delta said in January that there had been a spike in the number of reported animal incidents in recent years, including urination, defecation, biting, and a high-profile 2017 mauling of a passenger by an emotional support dog.
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Before GiveDirectly sent everyone the equivalent of twenty-two U.S. dollars a month (delivered through a mobile app), Village X had dirt roads, no home electricity, and what Lowrey genteelly calls an "open defecation" model for some families.
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"If we see some open defecation in stray cases away from the main centre of a village, we cannot mark the village as non-ODF," he said, adding trainers from the ministry told surveyors to follow such practices.
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COLUMBIA SPORTSWEAR MAY CLOSE PORTLAND OFFICE OVER DEATH THREATS, PUBLIC DEFECATION BY HOMELESS PEOPLE Other small business owners in the City of Roses said at the time the increasing homeless population already proved to be too much to handle.
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The prime minister said there was a need to create public awareness about water conservation and explore traditional water management methods, in the much the same way the "Clean India" mission to end open defecation, started in 2014, had.
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Thanks to subsidies for the construction of 92m toilets (mostly simple twin-pit arrangements that turn faecal sludge into harmless compost), the government says the "ODF" (open-defecation free) rate has risen from 39% in 2014 to 240% now.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 2.4 billion people lack access to basic toilet facilities, and nearly 1 billion can't even do their business in private, practicing so-called 'open defecation', resorting to fields, street gutters or creeks.
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In appealing to the Supreme Court, Boise said the 9th Circuit's "far-reaching and catastrophic" decision will undercut the ability of municipalities to maintain health and safety and imperil other laws such as those against public defecation and urination.
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As the world's two most populous nations, China and India, step up efforts to improve access to toilets, he believes the world will achieve the 2030 U.N. target on ending open defecation but he warned building bathrooms alone is not enough.
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You see Myles step in the doo doo, check to make sure it is in fact doo doo (WHY WOULD YOU TOUCH IT, FAM), wipe off the doo doo then remove his shoe to stop the defecation debacle from getting worse.
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Alongside that increase has been an 84 percent spike in the number of reported animal incidents since 2016, including urination and/or defecation, biting, and a high-profile 2017 mauling of a passenger by a 70 pound (32 kg) emotional support dog.
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It estimated that, to "achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all" and "achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation for all and end open defecation" would need $114bn a year, 69% of it spent on sanitation.
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The transformative impact of the SBM in the last three years should be championed: the number of people defecating in the open is down from 1003m to 300m today, and over 240,000 villages and over 200 districts have become open defecation free (ODF).
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At the rate suggested by the piece, India would have to wait half a century to get rid of the menace of open defecation: but under the Swachh Bharat Mission, we are well on our way to doing so in five years.
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As fluid dynamicists, we joined forces with colorectal surgeon Daniel Chu, and two stalwart undergraduates, Candice Kaminski and Morgan LaMarca, who filmed defecation and hand-picked feces from 34 mammalian species at Zoo Atlanta in order to measure their density and viscosity.
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The album finds Burroughs, who died at 83 in 1997, doing the "unspeakable portions" of "Naked Lunch" — think sex, drugs and defecation — in pop-song-length chunks across 13 tracks, using a variety of amusing voices and a lot of foul language.
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Despite Jakarta's being the nation's political, social and economic center, around one-third of its residents earn less than $225 a month, much of the population lacks access to piped water, and open defecation remains common in its slums, according to government data.
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In a fitting sequel, entitled "Hydrodynamics of Defecation," she lead a team trying to determine why mammals, despite the great variances in the size of their bodies and their size of their shits, spend about the same amount of time taking a shit.
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"Toilet: A Love Story draws its premise from Prime Minister Narendra Modi's 'Swachh Bharat Abhiyan' (or "Clean India Campaign") initiative to improve sanitation across India and the very real problem of open defecation," said a statement from Sterling Media, the film's public relations agency.
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India's sanitation program had "succeeded in lifting more than 550 million people out of open defecation in a short period of less than 1503 years", India's Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation said in a release on Friday in response to a Reuters' article.
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Excessive acetylcholine corroborates what has been reported and seen in the videos taken just after the attack, including uncontrolled salivation that will cause "foaming at the mouth," vomiting, tearing, involuntary defecation and urination, tiny pinpoint pupils, and a slow heart rate that will cause fainting.
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NEW DELHI (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - Bollywood is bucking the trend of its usual lavish landscaped song-and-dance romantic comedies to take on the more serious issue of open defecation in India with the release of "Toilet: A Love Story", the film's promoters said on Tuesday.
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In health care circles the sanitation issue is called open defecation — it's a serious problem that's led to diarrhoeic diseases and malnutrition among children… and it's a problem that a new non-profit, which launched yesterday in the latest Y Combinator batch, is looking to solve.
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With some notable exceptions, such as the introduction of a nationwide goods and services tax (GST) and a huge effort to stop "open defecation" by building more toilets, bold reforms were largely postponed in favour of policy tinkering, sops to noisy constituencies and packing the bureaucracy with loyalists.
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"Among the victims of the attack on the town of Khan Sheikhoun who were transferred to the Bab al-Hawa hospital ... near the Turkish border, MSF saw eight patients with symptoms - dilated pupils, muscle spasms, involuntary defecation - consistent with exposure to neuro-toxic agents such as Sarin," the group said in a statement.
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If those stage gestures feel somewhat morally superior and banal, they are harmless next to the production's nauseating grand finale: a breathless run-through of a sizable portion of the text we have already heard, this time performed by Marcel Heuperman, who is naked as he simulates defecation and sex acts on a large silicon pig.
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As part of the process, a facilitator gathers people and asks them to do the following things: calculate how much fecal material they collectively produce in a day; draw a big village map on the ground and mark where they defecate with colored chalk powder or bits of paper; walk together through the outdoor defecation zones.
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The grotesque body, a trope in the grotesque realism of François Rabelais, hinges on the idea of degradation: "To degrade also means to concern oneself with the lower stratum of the body, the life of the belly and the reproductive organs; it therefore relates to acts of defecation and copulation, conception, pregnancy, and birth," Bakhtin wrote in 1984.
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But for Prime Minister Modi and the BJP, centering their vision of India on Hindu revivalism, caste included, it would be contradictory to turn around and insist that while most aspects of Hinduism must be elevated as the best possible way to be, the caste system specifically in its relation to defecation and the emptying of pit toilets is to be surgically eliminated.
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After years in the country, and on top of the ill-fated Hong Kong experience, I'd had a list of concerns: shoulder-to-shoulder crowds engaged in behaviors not unique to China but well-documented here such as cutting in line, littering, public urination or defecation by children, arguing, shoving, fighting and the ever-present problem of stinky public toilets.
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"However, if constipation has persisted for a period of time, if the child has shown behavioral signs of withholding stool or routinely postponing defecation, or if a child seems unable to have a bowel movement even when they are sitting on the toilet and appear to be trying, these are indications that moving forward with at least an evaluation for pelvic floor physical therapy as part of initial treatment may be warranted," Verrill Schurman said by email.
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Take: Donald Trump in a skimpy cheerleader outfit getting smashed by a Super Bowl sign and then replaced by Lady Gaga, the "largest crowd" aka fat people in Falcons and Patriots gear kicking each other in the shins until they fall down, cheerleader Donald Trump and some mac and cheese with pom-poms getting a selfie taken by Tom Brady, Julio Jones throwing greyed-out poop emojis at Brady until he's smashed, Brady seemingly masturbating but actually deflate-gating, Brady and Matt Ryan texting each other emojis on the pot until Brady rockets off with his own defecation. Duh.
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