Crossbeam Summary Dashboard (Screenshot: Crossbeam) Crossbeam Summary Dashboard (Screenshot: Crossbeam) He added that there is danger in the age of GDPR and the upcoming California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) in oversharing of data, but at the other extreme is not sharing at all.
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It ended up beaching itself on a wooden crossbeam that it didn't see coming.
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When Crossbeam CEO and co-founder Bob Moore was working at previous startups, he noticed a problem around sharing information with potential partners.
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The worker was installing a large pipe when "construction equipment struck a crossbeam, dislodged the plate, which fell and struck him," Wyatt said.
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The door was half of Fatima's height and whitewashed, like the walls; a crossbeam cut across it diagonally, giving the impression of a cupboard or closet.
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That's what makes Prince an outlier; he dedicated a song to the Jehovah's Witness belief that Jesus died not on a cross (ie a wooden pole with a crossbeam) but on a single wooden stake.
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In fact, it was so acute he decided to create a startup to solve that problem, and today, Crossbeam announced a $12.5 million Series A round led by FirstMark Capital, with participation from existing investors Uncork Capital and Slack Fund.
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Crossbeam Systems was acquired by Blue Coat Systems in December 2012 and the Crossbeam brand has been fully absorbed into Blue Coat. Crossbeam Systems, Inc. was incorporated on November 23, 1999 by Stephen Justus and Mike Akerman, with Throop Wilder joining as a founding team member in 2000.Bloomberg Businessweek, “Crossbeam Systems Since the beginning, Crossbeam has been focused on designing and manufacturing a range of network security products.TMCNet, “Open Platform Security Company Crossbeam Explains its Qualifications Sims,” 19 November 2010 Peter George led the company from 2001 to June 2007 as CEO and president.
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Crossbeam Systems is headquartered in Boxborough, Massachusetts and has offices in Europe, Latin America and Asia Pacific. Crossbeam Systems was acquired by Blue Coat Systems in December 2012 and the Crossbeam brand has been fully absorbed into Blue Coat.
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The crossbeam originally showed imperial eagle and swastika, which were later removed.
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The E-series eventually had the rear door taken out of use and blocked with an extra seat. All but one of the trams had a SV36-bogie from Strømmens Værksted. The two bogies, each with two axles, were attached to the steel crossbeam. The aluminium body was attached to the crossbeam with leaf springs.
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Pete Fiore took over the company in 2007 and led the company to growth and profitability until his death in December 2009.SC Magazine, “ Company news: Michael Ruffolo named CEO at Crossbeam, plus changes at Fidelis and Symantec ,” 4 May 2010 In March 2010 and continues today as CEO and president. On November 9, 2012, Crossbeam Systems Inc.
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The gondola transports vehicles and they hang from a 36-wheeled caty and is 25m. long. It moves along the rails through the horizontal crossbeam.
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The company’s main product is its X-Series network security product family, which was introduced in September 2001 as a way for telecommunications operators to consolidate their security server or appliance infrastructure into one chassis, which acts as a virtual security architectureISP-Planet, “Crossbeam Systems: Crossbeam's X-Series Security Platform is designed to provide a security architecture in a box,” 21 January 2009 or ‘network in a box.’ The X-Series architecture consists of five major components including a chassis, an operating system and three types of hardware blades or modules: Over the past 11-plus years, the X-Series product family, including the modules and operating systems, have gone through six major generational upgrades. In October 2010, the 5th generation upgrade CTOEdge, “Crossbeam Extends Security Platform Lineup,” 4 October 2010 to its X-Series family of network security platforms to include the X20, X30, X60 and X80-S. In October 2011, Crossbeam completed the portfolio with the Converge Network Digest, "Crossbeam Scales Security to 640Gbps", 12 October 2011 and added the 6th generation Network Processor Module; the NPM-9610 and NPM-9650.
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The Greek and Latin words corresponding to "crucifixion" applied to many different forms of painful execution, including being impaled on a stake, or affixed to a tree, upright pole (a crux simplex), or (most famous now) to a combination of an upright (in Latin, stipes) and a crossbeam (in Latin, patibulum). Seneca the Younger wrote: "I see crosses there, not just of one kind but made in many different ways: some have their victims with head down to the ground; some impale their private parts; others stretch out their arms on the gibbet". In some cases, the condemned was forced to carry the crossbeam to the place of execution. A whole cross would weigh well over 135 kg (300 lb), but the crossbeam would not be as burdensome, weighing around 45 kg (100 lb).
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Dwarsligger ("sleeper" or "crossbeam" in Dutch) is a book printed with text parallel to the spine of a conventional 12cm book. The dwarsligger is published by Uitgeverij dwarsligger, part of Veen Bosch & Keuning Uitgeversgroep (VBK).
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In order to insulate the passenger compartment from noise, vibration and harshness (NVH), the independent rear suspension was designed to be carried in a separate crossbeam assembly attached to the vehicle body by four rubber vee-blocks. The only other points of contact with the vehicle body (i.e. the radius arms) are by means of metal sleeved (Metalastik) rubber bushes, so there is no metal-to- metal contact between the suspension and vehicle body. The fabricated steel crossbeam carries the differential and inboard brakes (if fitted).
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Maund, p.10 As the weight of LCAs increased through the war (eventually approaching 14 tons) heavier davits were required. Later LSIs and those being refitted were provisioned with luffing davits of a crossbeam type.North, p.
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The structure is made of four 61 metre towers which are the pillars and stand on the river banks. The towers are braced by iron cables to the crossbeam and are parallel to the river and by cables following the line of the bridge into the hill behind (on the Portugalete side) and the ground (on the Las Arenas side). The upper crossbeam which lies horizontally, rests between two towers by 70 suspension cables. They also help support a great amount of weight and are supported in the corbels which helps balance the weight.
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948, . and in the 21st century, "most historians believe that victims carried only the crossbeam (patibulum) to the place of execution. The beam would then have been fixed to the vertical post (stipes), which had already been set into the ground".
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Circular Columns are constructed of circular bricks. Most of the openings are arched and made of brick that exclude the use of lintels. Wooden staircases supported by crossbeam system. Brick as the main structural material, all are load bearing walls.
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Whether a foot-driven treadle could power a mighty crossbeam is a moot point, and may be a joke in itself, but the explanation of the above phrase and its humour is tightly connected with the mechanism of the weaving machinery described below.
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Lunch atop a Skyscraper, 1932 Lunch atop a Skyscraper (New York Construction Workers Lunching on a Crossbeam) is a photograph taken atop the steelwork of 30 Rockefeller Plaza, during the construction of the Rockefeller Center, in Manhattan, New York City, United States.
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Anchor pylons may also have a switch attached to their crossbeam. These so-called switch pylons are operated from the ground by the use of long rods. The attachment of circuit breakers to pylons is only practical when voltages are less than 50 kV.
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About 1183, Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa granted Erlenbach market rights. The Imperial award was given visible expression with a market and freedom sign. It shows a large cross on whose top stands a cock. On the crossbeam a hand rises up on one side and on the other a sword.
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Cross over Crescent variation of the Orthodox Cross at the Plevna Chapel, Moscow Calvary variant of Russian Orthodox Cross The topmost of the three crossbeams represents Pilate's inscription which in the older Greek tradition is "The King of Glory", based on John's Gospel; but in later images it represents . The middle crossbeam is the main bar to which the victim's hands are fixed, while the bottom crossbeam represents the footrest which prolongs the torture. In many depictions, the side to Christ's right is higher, slanting upward toward the penitent thief St. Dismas, who according to the apocryphal traditionЯременко В. Золоте Слово: Хрестоматія літератури України-Русі епохи Середньовіччя IX—XV століть. Книга перша.
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The jackscrew figured prominently in the classic novel Robinson Crusoe. It was also featured in a recent History Channel program as the saving tool of the Pilgrims' voyage - the main crossbeam, a key structural component of their small ship, cracked during a severe storm. A farmer's jackscrew secured the damage until landfall.
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Many at NASA headquarters jokingly referred to Marshall as the "Chicago Bridge and Iron Works", but acknowledged that the designs worked. The conservative approach paid off when a fifth engine was added to the Saturn C-4, producing the Saturn V. The C-4 design had a large crossbeam that could easily absorb the thrust of an additional engine.
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The fifth bridge was built in 1840, and made of chain and wood. This span collapsed in 1852. It was replaced by a crossbeam truss structure that resembled a long garden arbor or pergola, but retained its historical name. During the American Civil War, the Chain Bridge was a popular place for the Union Army to access the countryside encampments from Fairfax County.
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The gate tower below the hill castle is of a strikingly weak design. The living rooms of the guards were in the central gateway. This gateway barred access to the crossing in a similar way to the rear gateway with a massive crossbeam. The Germans' Gate across the Seille river in Metz is the last bridge castle found in France.
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The present stone gallows replaced its wooden predecessors in 1721. As a symbol of justice of the Anterior Austrian Obervogtei of Triberg, the execution site was visible for a long distance. By 1779, 15 executions are recorded, twelve of them for witchcraft. The gallows consist of two sandstone pillars, reinforced with iron bands, and linked by a wooden crossbeam that was added later.
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Previously, he was president and CEO of Crossbeam Systems, Inc. The company named Daniel C. Stanzione, non-executive chairman of the board in June 2009; he has served as a director since 2004. On March 16, 2020, Internap Technology Solutions, Inc. and six affiliated companies filed Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.
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As the weight of LCAs increased through the war (eventually approaching 14 tons) heavier davits were required. Later LSIs and those being refitted were provisioned with luffing davits of a crossbeam type.North, p. 25. The davits themselves provided a demarcation between the responsibilities of the LSI crew (either Royal Navy or Merchant Navy) and the members of the LCA Flotilla.
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In October 1859, she was towed to Marquette, Michigan after breaking her crossbeam. In November 1859, she was towed again when her crank pin broke near Point Iroquois, Michigan. Her final blow came in 1860 when she was rammed by the wooden schooner Augusta ten miles from shore. In 1899, Great Lakes historian J.B. Mansfield called Lady Elgins sinking "one of the greatest marine horrors on record".
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The half-timbered building survived the great fire of 1676 in Oldenburg and is considered to be the last medieval patrician residence remaining in Oldenburg. The typical late medieval house was built in 1502 by Christopher Stindt, as is evident from dating on a crossbeam of the front gable. It attained its present shape in 1617. Count Anton Günther (1603–1667) gave it to Mylius Gnadenfeld.
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Safety straps retain the radius arms in proximity to the vehicle body should one of the front securing bolts happen to come loose. As a consequence of the radius arm forward attachments not being on the axis of the lower link arm inner pivots, it would appear at first glance that free movement of the suspension would be impossible without some components bending, or the trailing arm elastomeric bushes being compressed unduly. However, as described above, the crossbeam is rubber mounted to the body. The crossbeam and lower links maintain the correct toe angle of one wheel relative to the other, however due to the relative angles of the trailing radius arms, body roll results in the entire cross-beam and lower links pivoting slightly about the crossbeam's mounting points, thus inducing a small amount of passive rear wheel steering, which may result in significantly improved handling.
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With Bergman suffering from influenza, his colleagues substituted for him in shooting Oscar's funeral scene with 500 extras and a brass band. At one point during production, a crossbeam fell over in the studio and nearly hit Bergman and cinematographer Sven Nykvist. Other crew were injured in workplace accidents. One injury took place when a male stunt performer portraying the burning Aunt Elsa was actually burned by spilled napalm.
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King post truss Queen post truss A king post extends vertically from a crossbeam (the tie beam) to the apex of a triangular truss. The king post, itself in tension, connects the apex of the truss with its base, holding up the tie beam (also in tension) at the base of the truss. The post can be replaced with an iron rod called a king rod (or king bolt) and thus a king rod truss.Siegele, H. H.. Roof Framing.
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The treadle in turn powered a reciprocating beam, and the power from that was transferred to the machinery. On a loom, these reciprocating beams were called lams, and were connected with the treadles by strings which were also connected with jacks to work the '. In big factories, power could be transferred from one large drive wheel to another across a wide room via a reciprocating beam, called in that situation a crossbeam. Out of skew is a dialect expression meaning in incorrect position.
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Motorcycle taxis in the Philippines usually have sidecars, or seats extended sideways, often by use of a T-shaped crossbeam. The latter type of taxi is known as habal-habal, or a skylab, owing to its crude resemblance to the Skylab space station, which orbited the Earth in the 1970s. Covered, three-wheel autorickshaws, known as tricycles, are also a common mode of transport. Angkas is a Philippine motorcycle vehicle for hire and delivery service company based in Makati, Metro Manila.
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The usual account is that the cross was taken down in the church or churchyard soon after the 1642 order and broken up. One piece, it appears, was used as a bench to sit upon. The pieces were later removed from the church and left out in the churchyard. By 1823, Henry Duncan had collected all the pieces he could find, and put them together, commissioning a new crossbeam (the original was lost), and having gaps filled in with small pieces of stone.
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The painting measures , and is signed and dated "Rembrandt f. 1655". It shows the butchered carcass of a bull or an ox, hanging in a wooden building, possibly a stable or lean-to shed. The carcass is suspended by its two rear legs, which are tied by ropes to a wooden crossbeam. The animal has been decapitated and flayed of skin and hair, the chest cavity has been stretched open and the internal organs removed, revealing a mass of flesh, fat, connective tissue, joints, bones, and ribs.
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Multi-floor construction, Katowice (2012) Floors in wood-frame homes are usually constructed with joists centered no more than apart, according to most building codes. Heavy floors, such as those made of stone, require more closely spaced joists. If the span between load-bearing walls is too long for joists to safely support, then a heavy crossbeam (thick or laminated wood, or a metal I-beam or H-beam) may be used. A "subfloor" of plywood or waferboard is then laid over the joists.
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However, Cimabue goes further, especially in its portrayal of Christ's agony invoked by the contortions of his body. This is evident in that his body leans far more towards the viewer's left, and that his loincloth obscures a greater part of the patterned border alongside the crossbeam. The plague on the vertical bar above Christ's head bears the INRI inscription Iesus Nazarenus, Rex Iudaeorum ("Jesus the Nazarene, King of the Jews"). Above this again is a small panel showing Christ with his hand raised in blessing.
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Holding Rankin at gunpoint, they took his keys, then dragged Parrott from his cell. Parrott's "rescuers" turned out to be townspeople, bringing Parrott out to a lynch mob of more than 200 people. The mob strung him up from a telegraph pole. Charlie Burris suffered a similar lynching not long after his capture; having been transported by train to Rawlins, a group of locals found him hiding in a baggage compartment and proceeded to hang him on the crossbeam of another nearby telegraph pole.
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The SGS 2-25 could not be stopped within the confines of the field and it collided with a heavy wooden fence at the edge of the field. A heavy fence crossbeam ended up on top of the 2-25's canopy as the sailplane slid under the fence. The fence itself did not break the canopy, but the canopy could not be opened, leaving the crew trapped in the glider. The pilots had to enlist the aid of a farmer to remove the fence beam and extract them from the aircraft.
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The word "trimaran" is a portmanteau of "tri" and "(cata)maran",Collins English Dictionary – 2007 – Harper Collins – a term that is thought to have been coined by Victor Tchetchet, a pioneering, Ukrainian-born modern multihull designer. Trimarans consist of a main hull connected to outrigger floats on either side by a crossbeam, wing, or other form of superstructure—the traditional Polynesian terms for the hull, each float and connector are vaka, ama and aka, respectively (although trimarans are not traditionally Polynesian, since they instead use single-outrigger and catamaran configurations).
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Springing and damping are provided by four coilover spring and damper units which attach to the crossbeam at the top and the lower links at the bottom. The use of two spring and damper units on each side is unusualPollard, D. (1997) Jaguar XJ6 Purchase and Restoration Guide, Haynes, Yeovil. and allows the use of smaller springs, taking up less space and protruding less into the luggage area. It also equalises the load transmitted to the front and rear of the crossbeamThorley, N. (2001) Jaguar E-Type, Haynes, Yeovil.
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The assembly was manufactured in three different sizes with differing track widths to suit different models. The first generation Jaguar IRS continued to be updated and used until production of the XJS ended in 1996, though a derivative of the IRS continued to be used by Aston Martin in the DB7 until 2004. The IRS is built around a fabricated steel crossbeam that allows it to be relatively easily removed from the vehicle as a complete assembly. This feature has made it suitable for adaptation as a non-standard component on other vehicles.
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A Latin cross or crux immissa is a type of cross in which the vertical beam sticks above the crossbeam,Herbert Norris, Church Vestments: Their Origin and Development (Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2002), p. 128 with the three upper arms either equally long or with the vertical topmost arm shorter than the two horizontal arms, and always with a much longer bottom arm. If displayed upside down it is called St. Peter's Cross, because he was reputedly executed on this type of cross.Joyce Mori, Crosses of Many Cultures (Harrisburg, PA: Morehouse Publishing, 1998), p.
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The basket of the kago was about three feet long and it was attached to bamboo uprights which were suspended by a large overhead single crossbeam. A roof of some type covered the top and screens could be used to cover the sides as protection from sun or rain. The kago was carried by a team of four men who took turns carrying the kago on their shoulders, five or six miles could be traveled in one hour. One man would support the weight of the large overhead pole at each end and walked until he tired and switched with a rested carrier.
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The English terms tram and tramway are derived from the Scots word , referring respectively to a type of truck (goods wagon or freight railroad car) used in coal mines and the tracks on which they ran. The word tram probably derived from Middle Flemish ("beam, handle of a barrow, bar, rung"). The identical word with the meaning "crossbeam" is also used in the French language. Etymologists believe that the word tram refers to the wooden beams the railway tracks were initially made of before the railroad pioneers switched to the much more wear-resistant tracks made of iron and, later, steel.
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Knowing Christ S. Craig Glickman - 1980 "It was this patibulum, not the whole cross, which Jesus was too weak to carry, and which was borne by Simon the Cyrenian." J. B. Torrance, "Cross," New Bible Dictionary (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1962), p. 279.ed. Wood, D. R. W., & Marshall, I. H, "Cross, Crucifixion," New Bible Dictionary, InterVarsity Press: Downers Grove 1996, c1982, c1962, p. 245 In applying the word stauros to the crossbeam, these writers indicate that the complete structure on which Jesus died was not a single upright post but formed what is normally called a cross.
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The Engländerdenkmal in Schauinsland was designed by Hermann Alker on behalf of Baldur von Schirach and the Hitler Youth and was to be inaugurated on 12 October 1938 (this event was cancelled for political reasons, however). On a hexagonal platform surrounded by a wall stands a rune- like gate consisting of two pillars and a crossbeam. The pillars bear, on the left English and on the right German, a representation of the accident, whereby there is no mention of the Hofsgrunder rescue operation, as well as the names and dates of birth of the five deceased pupils. The English text also incorrectly calls the victims "English Boyscouts".
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Camping for the night on a riverbank, Andrei and Foma are collecting firewood for their traveling party when Andrei hears the distant sounds of celebration further upstream in the woods. Going to investigate, he comes upon a large group of naked pagans who are conducting a lit-torch ritual for Kupala Night. Andrei is intrigued and excited by the behaviour of the pagans but is caught spying on a couple making love, tied to the crossbeam of a hut, his arms raised in a mockery of Jesus' crucifixion, and is threatened with drowning in the morning. A woman named Marfa (Nelly Snegina), dressed only in a fur coat, approaches Andrei.
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"Jaguar 420 Service Manual", Jaguar Cars Limited The complete rear suspension assembly is carried in a steel crossbeam (shown ghosted in the diagram below), which is attached to the vehicle body via four rubber vee- blocks and also carries the differential (blue) and inboard brakes (red). The rear wheels are located transversely by top links and wheel carriers (green) and lower links (cyan). The top link is the driving half-shaft with a universal joint at each end. The lower link pivots adjacent to the differential casing at its inboard end and where it meets the wheel carrier at the wheel hub casting (violet) at its outboard end.
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Therefore, the traditional Christian cross with a horizontal crossbeam would also be called xylon. In Liddell and Scott, the meanings of the word "ξύλον" are classified under five headings: :I. wood cut and ready for use, firewood, timber (in these senses the word is usually in the plural); :II. piece of wood, log, beam, post or an object made of wood, such as a spoon, the Trojan horse, a cudgel or club, an instrument of punishment (a collar for someone's neck, stocks to confine his feet or to confine his neck, arms and legs, a gallows to hang him, or a stake to impale him), a table, a bench as in the theatre; :III.
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Full apple (also referred to as just an "apple box") 20"×12"×8" Half apple 20"×12"×4" Quarter apple 20"×12"×2" Pancake (eighth apple) 20"×12"×1" Nesting apple boxes fit the three smaller sizes into the full apple (which does not have the standard midway internal support crossbeam). To accommodate the smaller internal dimensions, the half, quarter and pancake are only 18 1/2" long × 10" wide. Half length "mini" apple boxes are now manufactured. Mini apple box 10"×12"×8" Mini half 10"×12"×4" Mini quarter 10"×12"×2" Mini pancake/eighth 10"×12"×1" Apple box sizes vary somewhat depending on manufacturer, but all sizes are designed to be fractions of the "full apple" size.
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The towers, constructed mainly from sandstone quarried on the site are of Victorian Gothic style, similar to the (former) suspension bridge at Northbridge in Sydney. Each tower has two columns, joined by an elliptically arched crossbeam above traffic height. As described by The Kangaroo Valley Times of April 1896, "These towers will be about high, built on concrete blocks resting on the present sandstone formation, the masonry to towers being . Each pair of towers will be connected by a wall containing an arched doorway high, and as the top sides of the centre walls and heads of towers will be finished with battlement tops, the whole will present the appearance of a structure similar to the famous "Traitor's" gate of the Tower of London...".
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The type of gallows on which William Cragh was hanged with Trahaern ap Hywel in 1290, from a fresco painted by Pisanello, 1436–1438 Cragh was hanged on a hill about a quarter mile (400 metres) outside Swansea, in sight of deBriouze's Swansea Castle, on Monday, 27 November 1290. He was executed along with another "malefactor", Trahaern ap Hywel. Although the latter was dealt with by the town executioner, Cragh was hanged by one of his own relatives, Ythel Fachan, who was forced into that service by deBriouze. Trahaern ap Hywel was a large and powerful man who struggled a great deal as he was hauled up from the ground by his neck, causing the crossbeam of the gallows to break.
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During the 2009 Labor Day weekend closure for a portion of the replacement, a major crack was found in an eyebar, significant enough to warrant bridge closure. Working in parallel with the retrofit, California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), and its contractors and subcontractors, were able to design, engineer, fabricate, and install the pieces required to repair the bridge, delaying its planned opening by only hours. The repair was not inspected by the Federal Highway Administration, which relied on state inspection reports to ensure safety guidelines were met. On October 27, 2009 during the evening commute, the steel crossbeam and two steel tie rods repaired over Labor Day weekend snapped off the Bay Bridge's eastern section and fell to the upper deck.
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Elbe Crossing 1 (center) and 2 (right, one mast only) Elbe Crossing 1 is a group of masts providing an overhead crossing of a 220 kV three-phase alternating current electric powerline across the River Elbe."Die 380/220-kV- Elbekreuzung im 220-kV-Netz der Nordwestdeutschen Kraftwerke AG" by Hans Heino Moeller of the NWK, Hamburg Constructed between 1959 and 1962 as part of the line from Stade to Hamburg north, it consists of four masts. Each of the two portal masts is a guyed mast 50 metres in height with a crossbeam at a height of 33 metres. One of these masts stands on the Schleswig-Holstein bank of the Elbe and the other on the Lower Saxony bank.
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The German blazon reads: Das Wappen der Ortsgemeinde Illerich ist über einem silbernen Schildfuß, in dem zwei rote Raben enthalten sind, gespalten von Rot und Silber. Vorne ist ein rotes Balkenkreuz dargestellt, in der Mitte belegt von einer goldenen Rose, hinten eine goldene Ähre und ein silbernes Sensenblatt pfahlweise.'' The municipality's arms might in English heraldic language be described thus: Per pale argent a cross gules surmounted by a rose Or and vert an ear of wheat couped of the third and a scythe blade palewise, the point to base, of the first, in a base of the first two ravens, wings endorsed, of the second, armed sable, the one to dexter sinister. The version shown at the municipality's website shows the cross “enhanced”, that is, with the crossbeam slightly raised above centre.
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High jurisdiction, owing to the more serious crimes being subject to bodily punishment, was wielded by the Ravengiersburg Vogtei court at the High Court Square (Hochgerichtsplatz) at the Nunkirche (church). Whenever assizes took place, the villagers of Altweidelbach were obliged to furnish the crossbeam for the gallows, as well as a ladder. The village court, on the other hand, on whose bench sat three or four Schöffen, was held twice a year, in May and again on Saint Martin's Day (11 November), under the village limetree, chaired by the monastery director or the Schultheiß. Between 1410 and 1598 and again between 1610 and 1673, Altweidelbach belonged to the autonomous Palatine Duchy of Simmern, and between 1598 and 1610, as well as after 1673 until the French occupation that began in 1794, it belonged along with the rest of the Simmern territory to Electoral Palatinate.
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The Roman historian Tacitus records that the city of Rome had a specific place for carrying out executions, situated outside the Esquiline Gate, and had a specific area reserved for the execution of slaves by crucifixion. Upright posts would presumably be fixed permanently in that place, and the crossbeam, with the condemned person perhaps already nailed to it, would then be attached to the post. The person executed may have been attached to the cross by rope, though nails and other sharp materials are mentioned in a passage by the Judean historian Josephus, where he states that at the Siege of Jerusalem (70), "the soldiers out of rage and hatred, nailed those they caught, one after one way, and another after another, to the crosses, by way of jest". Objects used in the crucifixion of criminals, such as nails, were sought as amulets with perceived medicinal qualities.
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Benito Mussolini and Fascist Blackshirt youth in 1935 Nationalists in the years after World War I thought of themselves as combating the liberal and domineering institutions created by cabinets—such as those of Giovanni Giolitti, including traditional schooling. Futurism, a revolutionary cultural movement which would serve as a catalyst for Fascism, argued for "a school for physical courage and patriotism", as expressed by Filippo Tommaso Marinetti in 1919. Marinetti expressed his disdain for "the by now prehistoric and troglodyte Ancient Greek and Latin courses", arguing for their replacement with exercise modelled on those of the Arditi soldiers ("[learning] to advance on hands and knees in front of razing machine gun fire; to wait open-eyed for a crossbeam to move sideways over their heads etc."). It was in those years that the first Fascist youth wings were formed: Avanguardia Giovanile Fascista (Fascist Youth Vanguards) in 1919, and Gruppi Universitari Fascisti (Fascist University Groups) in 1922.
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Hanging is an ancient mode of execution which was a part of the Roman law (crucification for execution), Anglo-Saxon laws, English Laws and well as German Laws. Hanging as a punishment was a prevalent and standard mode of execution until the abolition of capital punishment in Great Britain in 1965. This traditional method of execution may involve suspending the victim from a gallows or crossbeam until death occurs of asphyxiation, or it may be that the condemned person stands on a trapdoor and when the trap is released he falls several feet until stopped by the rope tied around his neck or a knot in the noose helps jerk back the victim’s head sharply enough to break the neck. In India, as per the current position of law, capital punishment is awarded only in the ‘Rarest of the rare cases’ and the primary mode of execution as given under Section 354(5) of the Criminal Code of Procedure, 1973 is ‘Hanging by neck till death’.
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